Bangor University DOETHUR MEWN ATHRONIAETH Arolwg O'r Canu I

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Bangor University DOETHUR MEWN ATHRONIAETH Arolwg O'r Canu I Bangor University DOETHUR MEWN ATHRONIAETH Arolwg o'r canu i deulu Mostyn, ynghyd â golygiad o'r cerddi o'r cyfnod c.1675-1692 Jones, Eirian Award date: 2014 Awarding institution: Prifysgol Bangor Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Arolwg o’r canu i deulu Mostyn, ynghyd â golygiad o'r cerddi o’r cyfnod c. 1675-1692 Eirian Alwen Jones Traethawd a gyflwynir am radd PhD Ysgol y Gymraeg Prifysgol Bangor 2014 Cynnwys CRYNODEB .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. iv DIOLCHIADAU .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. v DULL GOLYGU’R CERDDI .. .. .. .. .. .. vi BYRFODDAU .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. viii RHAGYMADRODD . Pennod 1: Y Pum Llys hyd at 1675 .. .. .. .. .. x Pennod 2: Y Canu Mawl i deulu Mostyn: 1675-1692 .. .. lxxxii Pennod 3: Bridget Savage (c 1656-1692) – Ei hachau a’i theulu .. cxxxi Pennod 4: Llanw a thrai’r traddodiad barddol, 1692-1847 .. .. cxlix Y CERDDI 1. Englyn i deulu Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2. Englyn i fyfyrgell .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 3. Englynion i Syr Rosier Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4. Croesi Mynydd Tegan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 5. Englyn i ofyn porfa i Syr Rosier Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. 8 6. Cywydd Marwnad Syr Rosier Mostyn, 1690 .. .. .. .. 9 7. Awdl Foliant Tomas Mostyn ar y Pedwar Mesur ar Hugain .... .. 15 8. Cywydd Moliant i Tomas Mostyn, wyneb a gwrthwyneb .. .. 22 9. Englynion i Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 10. I Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 11. Cywydd i groesawu Tomas Mostyn i Uwchmynydd .. .. .. 29 12. Cywydd i annog Tomas Mostyn adref o Lundain .. .. .. 31 13. Cywydd i ofyn am fytheiad gan Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. 34 14. I Tomas Mostyn yn ei afiechyd .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 15. Marwnad Rosier Mostyn, brawd Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. 41 16. Cywydd gofyn am gwrw i Siôn Edward .. .. .. .. .. 42 17. Cywydd yn Galennig i Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. 45 18. I ofyn diod i fwtler Gloddaith .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 19. I Gabriel, bwtler Gloddiath .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 20. Cywydd i ofyn cymod Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. 50 21. Cywydd Moliant i Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. 53 ii 22. Cywydd ymddiddan rhwng y Prydydd a’i Awenydd .. .. .. 57 23. Englynion i Tomas Mostyn a Gloddaith .. .. .. .. .. 68 24. Cywydd marwnad ‘Miss’, gast Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. 70 25. Marwnad am golwyn Tomas Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. .. 73 26. Cywydd i’r Llech .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 75 27. Englyn i Loddaith .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 78 28. I garreg fawr mewn wal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 79 29. Cywydd i annog Tomas a Bridget Mostyn i ddychwelyd o Lundain .. 80 30. I Bridget Mostyn pan oedd yn wael .. .. .. .. .. 84 31. Carol i Bridget Mostyn wedi iddi wella .. .. .. .. .. 87 32. Marwnad Siôn Edward .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 90 33. Cywydd marwnad Siôn Edward .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 34. Cywydd marwnad Siôn Edward .. .. .. .. .. .. 99 35. Cywydd marwnad Syr Tomas Mostyn a Bridget, ei wraig .. .. 103 36. Cywydd marwnad Syr Tomas Mostyn a’i Arglwyddes .. .. .. 109 37. Englyn marwnad i Tomas a Bridget Mostyn .. .. .. .. 117 38. Cywydd i Roger Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 118 39. Englynion i Roger Mostyn .. .. .. .. .. .. 119 NODIADAU .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 120 GEIRFA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 176 Enwau personau .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 203 Enwau lleoedd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 205 MYNEGAI I’R LLINELLAU CYNTAF .. .. .. .. .. 207 LLAWYSGRIFAU .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 209 LLYFRYDDIAETH .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217 Gwefannau .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 254 iii Crynodeb Bu teulu Mostyn yn gefnogol i’r traddodiad barddol yn eu pum llys ar draws gogledd Cymru am ganrifoedd, a chlodforir eu nawdd yng nghanu beirdd y cyfnod. Daeth penllanw’r nawdd barddol yn yr 16g, yn arbennig drwy’r cysylltiad agos rhwng y teulu ac Eisteddfodau Caerwys 1523 a 1567/8. Erbyn cyfnod y Rhyfel Cartref, fodd bynnag, roedd y canu wedi dirwyn i ben ar aelwydydd y teulu. Mae’r rhagymadrodd yn astudiaeth o hanes teulu Mostyn o’r pum llys hyd at 1847, a cheir dyfyniadau o rai o’r cerddi a ganwyd ar eu haelwydydd dros y canrifoedd. Ond ar ddiddordeb Tomas Mostyn (m.1692) mewn casgliadau llenyddol a nawdd barddol yn chwarter olaf yr 17g. y mae prif sylw’r traethawd hwn a chyflwynir golygiad o’r cerddi a ganwyd iddo ef a’i deulu fel tystiolaeth o’i waith yn atgyfodi’r traddodiad barddol ar aelwyd y teulu unwaith eto. Rhoddir sylw hefyd yn y rhagymadrodd i gefndir ei wraig, Bridget Savage, a dylanwad y ffydd Babyddol ar dynged ei theulu. Ceir gwybodaeth hefyd am gysylltiad y teulu â’r drefn farddol hyd at y 19g. i gloi’r rhagymadrodd. iv Diolchiadau Yn gyntaf, dymunaf ddiolch i’r Athro Peredur I. Lynch am ei arweiniad a’i gyfarwyddyd yn ystod yr ymchwil hwn, elwais yn fawr o’i wybodaeth a’r trafodaethau dros y blynyddoedd. Dymunaf hefyd ddiolch am gymorth parod staff Archifdy a Llyfrgell Prifysgol Bangor, Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru, Llyfrgell Caerdydd, Y Llyfrgell Brydeinig, Llyfrgell Penarlag a Llyfrgell Dinbych. Gwerthfawrogaf barodrwydd yr Arglwydd Mostyn i ganiatáu i mi ymweld â chartref y teulu ym Mostyn a chymorth Shaun Evans gyda’i wybodaeth leol. Cydnabyddaf gyda diolch gymorth ariannol Cronfa 125 a Choleg y Celfyddydau a’r Dyniaethau, Prifysgol Bangor, dros gyfnod yr ymchwil. Yn olaf, ond nid y lleiaf, diolchaf am gyfeillgarwch ac anogaeth tiwtoriaid a myfyrwyr ôl-radd Ysgol y Gymraeg, Prifysgol Bangor, a chefnogaeth di-baid fy nheulu. v Dull golygu’r cerddi Wrth greu golygiad o’r cerddi, diweddarwyd yr orgraff ond ceiswyd hefyd warchod arddull unigol y beirdd a chyfleu arddull y cyfnod a oedd yn gyfuniad o Gymraeg ffurfiol a pheth ieithwedd dafodieithol fel yr ymddengys o fewn y casgliad. Defnyddiwyd y llawysgrif hynaf fel man cychwyn i bob golygiad pan oedd mwy nag un copi ar gael, i gyrraedd y fersiwn gynharaf o gerdd ond, yn gyffredinol, prin yw’r enghreifftiau o amrywiadau yn y geiriau, nifer neu drefn y llinellau. Cafwyd yr amrywiad mwyaf yn y llawysgrifau yng Ngherdd 22 – Cywydd ymddiddan rhwng y Prydydd a’r Awenydd – gan greu’r argraff fod nifer o’r copïau yn deillio o drosglwyddo’r cerddi o ddatganiad llafar i lawysgrif. Ceir dau gopi o Gerdd 26 – Cywydd i’r Llech – ac yma y ceir yr unig amrywio sylweddol yn nhrefn y llinellau yn y llawysgrifau. Cafwyd hefyd linellau yn brin a llinellau ychwanegol yn y ddau gopi a chan fod y ddwy lawysgrif o’r un cyfnod, efallai mai enghraifft yw hyn o fardd yn addasu a newid ei gerdd o ddatganiad i ddatganiad. Gan na fu modd darganfod pa lawysgrif yw’r hynaf, ni chyfunwyd y llinellau a defnyddiwyd y llawysgrif fwyaf cyflawn ar gyfer y golygiad, gan nodi amrywiadau’r ail lawysgrif ar ddiwedd y gerdd. Roedd y mwyafrif o’r llawysgrifau eisoes â phriflythrennau ar ddechrau pob llinell (golygwyd gweddill y llawysgrifau i ddilyn yr un ffurf) ond yn nifer o’r copïau yn llaw Siôn Dafydd Las, cafwyd rhai geiriau o fewn y cerddi a oedd hefyd yn dechrau â phriflythyren. Gan nad oedd diben amlwg i’r priflythrennau hyn fe’u hepgorwyd. Prin iawn oedd y defnydd o atalnodau yn yr holl lawysgrifau a cheisiwyd gwneud cyfiawnder â gwaith y beirdd wrth atalnodi’r cerddi . Efallai fod y gwaith atalnodi yn fwy tyngedfennol i gyfleu ystyr ac ysbryd y cerddi na diweddaru’r orgraff, a thra gwnaed pob ymdrech i wneud hyn yn gywir, gellir amrywio rhywfaint ar ystyr rhai llinellau o’u hatalnodi’n wahanol. Un penbleth a ddaeth i’r wyneb wrth greu’r golygiad oedd sut i ysgrifennu enwau personol, neu yn hytrach ym mha iaith. Gwelir Roger a Thomas, yn y fersiwn Saesneg, yn ymddangos yn y llawysgrifau a hefyd dalfyriad o’r enwau, megis R.M. neu Tho. Mostyn. Gan fod Rosier, yn y ffurf Gymraeg, hefyd yn ymddangos yn achlysurol ac i’w gael yn un o’r cerddi cynharaf, a Tomas yn cael ei ddefnyddio o dro i dro, penderfynwyd vi mabwysiadau’r ffurf Gymraeg ar gyfer enwau’r ddau yn y golygiad o’r cerddi. I wahaniaethu rhwng y taid a’r ŵyr, defnyddiwyd Roger ar gyfer y gŵr ieuengaf. Roedd rhai cerddi yn y casgliad yn ddi-deitl ac eraill â theitlau hirwyntog ac felly crëwyd teitlau o’r newydd neu aralleirio yn ôl y galw. Gan fod blwyddyn y canu wedi ei nodi ar gyfer rhai cerddi, penderfynwyd eu trefnu yn gronolegol ar gyfer y golygiad a defnyddiwyd y manylion oddi fewn i’r cerddi eraill am amcan o amser eu canu, os oedd modd. Bu cyfrol Daniel Huws, Repertory, hefyd o gymorth i ddyddio’r llawysgrifau a thrwy gyfuno’r holl wybodaeth â dyddiad marwolaeth y beirdd unigol, cafwyd awgrym o ddyddiad canu nifer helaeth o’r cerddi. Pan nad oedd modd cael dyddiad pendant, trefnwyd y cerddi fesul thema neu achlysur. vii Byrfoddau ADSGC Einir Gwenllian Thomas, ‘Astudiaeth Destunol o Statud Gruffudd ap Cynan’, II, Traethawd PhD Prifysgol Cymru, Bangor (2001). AFAG Gwen Saunders Jones, ‘Fy nhad a ddywede am hyn: Agweddau ar farddoniaeth Alis ferch Gruffudd’ , Thesis PhD, Prifysgol Bangor (Bangor, 2010) BA Y Bywgraffiadur Ar-lein CSRM Norman Tucker, ‘Colonel Sir Roger Mostyn, First Baronet (1624- 1690)’, Flintshire Historical Society Journal, 17 (1957), 42-54. FGGP T A Glenn, The Family of Griffith of Garn and Plasnewydd in the County of Denbigh (Llundain, 1934) GGH D J Bowen (gol.), Gwaith Gruffudd Hiraethog (Caerdydd, 1990) GM A D Carr, ‘Gloddaith and the Mostyns, 1540-1642’, Trafodion Cymdeithas Hanes Sir Gaernarfon, 41 (1980), 33-57.
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