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The 13Th Minnesota Volunteer Regiment and the Spanish­ St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in History Department of History 12-1998 The 13th innesotM a Volunteer Regiment and the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars, 1898-1899 Kyle Ward St. Cloud State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/hist_etds Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Ward, Kyle, "The 13th inneM sota Volunteer Regiment and the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars, 1898-1899" (1998). Culminating Projects in History. 2. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/hist_etds/2 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in History by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE 13TH MINNESOTA VOLUNTEER REGIMENT AND THE SPANISH­ AMERICAN AND PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WARS, 1898-1899 by Kyle Ward B.S., Moorhead State University, 1992 B.A., Moorhead State University, 1996 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts St. Cloud, Minnesota December, 1998 I- This thesis submitted by Kyle Ward in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at St. Cloud State University is hereby approved by the final evaluation committee. w~ -z---~ \... Dean School of Graduate and Continuing Studies THE 13THMINNESOTA VOLUNTEER REGIMENT ANDTHESPANISH­ AMERICAN AND PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WARS, 1898-1899 Kyle Ward This thesis describes and analyzes the role of the 13th Minnesota Volunteer Regiment in both the Spanish-American and Philippine-American War's, 1898-1899. I have done this by looking at the recent literature on this topic ruong with researching the letters, diaries, government documents, books, and newspapers that were written by the people of that time. With the onset of war in 1898, many Minnesotans, along with much of the United States, found themselves preparing for a war against Spain. This war was sold to the American people as an opportunity for them to bring their style of democracy to colonialized people in Cuba and the Philippines. For many Minnesotans this was the kind of adventure they felt they needed to lift them out of the mundane lifestyles they believed they were in. Enlisting in order to be part of a great adventure and to prove their manhood, these Minnesotans who became involved in these events, quickly discovered that their actions would not only help change their own, but also a great many other American's impressions of their country. After a brief period of military training in both Minnesota and California, the 13th Minnesota was assigned to sail to the Philippines in order to help defeat the Spaniards stationed in Manila. After a rather short battle, and one which need not have been fought, the Americans defeated the Spanish. Due to their bravery in battle, the 13tb Minnesota was given the duty of patrolling Manila and its surrounding suburbs. Although not wanting this duty, and often terribly bored, the Minnesotans did it with such professionalism that Manila was soon back to its normal routine. After seven months of tensions and misunderstandings between Emilio Aguinaldo's troops and the American's, the second war in the islands began on February 4, 1899. Although not officially involved in this battle, the Minnesotans found themselves later in the middle of an attack on Manila only three weeks later. With the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty, which' concluded the Spanish-American War, American officials decided to make the Philippines a possession of the United States. This change of policy not only caused more tensions between the Americans and Filipinos, but also forced the 13th Minnesota to become part of an offensive campaign into northern Luzon. There they were ordered to destroy both Aguinaldo's men and his equipment, thereby.hopefully bringing the war to a quick and successful conclusion. iii With the Filipinos beginning to rely on guerrilla warfare, and many Minnesotans fearing death, a number of members of the 13th Minnesota began writing letters home in which they both requested to be brought home, and began questioning why the United States was fighting this second war. With enough pressure from the volunteers and people at home, President McKinley began to order these citizen-soldiers home in the summer of 1898. Leaving the Philippines in August and reaching Minnesota in October, the men of the 13th Minnesota's service to their country was over. After being welcomed home by Governor John Lind and President William McKinley, these soldiers, who 18 months earlier wanted nothing more than to escape the boredom they once knew, now wanted nothing more than to return to it. Although history has all but forgotten the 13th Minnesota and the wars in which they fought, they did leave an impressive legacy. By both serving the nation when asked, and later questioning both their own and their government's role in fighting the Filipinos, the members of the 13th Minnesota can be remembered as reluctant heroes. Even though they helped bring America into the 20th century as a burgeoning world power, they also must never be forgotten for refusing to blindly follow their government when they felt it was doing wrong. Year A~:"1' Committee: c:::::,. C'. c...J ~ ... Alton Wolfer Chai~ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES . .. .. vi Chapter I. CRISIS AT l-IAND ................ ............................................. 1 II. "VALIANTSONSOFVALIANTFATHERS"............................. 19 III. " ... WELLEQUIPPEDANDEXCELLENTLYDRILLED"............... 39 IV. "WITH COOLNESS, INTELLIGENCE AND COURAGE............... 56 V. "BE COURTEOUS IN YOUR CONT ACT ... " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 82 VI. "HAVEATLASTOPENEDTHEBALL"................................... 102 VII. " ... THE REBELLION IS ANYWHERE NEAR PUT DOWN" .. 119 VIII. " ... THEY WERE A ROUGH LOOKING CROWD ... "................... 137 IX. " ... EACH ONE DROPPED FROM THE RANKS ... "..................... 158 X. "WILLLIVEINHISTORY" .................................................. 178 REFERENCES........................................................................... 184 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. LandBattleofManilla .......................................................... 66 2. Route of Advance of the 13th Minnesota Regiment at Cingalon, The Phillipines, August, 1898............................. 73 3. U.S. Positions Around Manila and Suburbs, August, 1889 to February, 1899. .... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 104 4. Manila Bay and Region of Fighting........................................... 122 5. Lawton's Northern Expedition . .. 138 vi Chapter I CRISIS AT HAND With the 19th century coming to a close, many Americans, especially those who were born after the Civil War, needed some catalyst to change how they looked at themselves. This was as true for the youth of Minnesota as it was for any other group in the United States. However, for the Minnesotans involved in these events which soon transpired, their contributions helped change not only their own, but also a great many other Americans impressions of their country. These actions also became a catalyst for many Americans to question not only the wars fought in the Philippines at the tum of the century, but also the United States' newly developed imperialistic foreign policy. With the nation suffering from a terrible economic depression and this generation dealing with feelings of inadequacies due to the fact that they did not have even one event, like the Civil War, to put their names in the history books, they were desperately seeking something to uplift them. Fortunately for them, a crisis was brewing in the world in the last half of the 1890s, one which many hoped would not only solve the economic and emotional depression in the country, but one that would also cure the national division still left over from the Civil War. Not only would this generation have to help heal the wounds from a war fought some 30 years earlier, they would also be forced into fighting any future battles with the same mythical patriotism and valor that the Civil War generation had. It was with this enthusiasm that those who enlisted to fight at first took with them. In a near carnival atmosphere this generation went off to fight their war, unfortunately for them by the time 1 2 they returned to American soil, this excitement had all but vanished. For these men quickly found that the war they had been sold was not the one they would end up fighting. This changing of views happened in part because of what was taking place in their nation's capital. Even as the 19th century was coming to an end many American politicians did not seriously plan for America's future, often leaving many of their newly developing foreign policies rather vague. With no serious, concise plan coming out of President McKinley's administration, most of the plans for the United States and the government were being formulated by low level government officials, military leaders, or an over­ zealous group of Americans who wanted to see America expand its territorial holdings. With little or no direction from the top officials America's foreign policies were often then formed as events progressed, usually with the help of one of the above mentioned groups.
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