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A Revision of Kentiopsis, a Genus Endemic to New Caledonia

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A Revision of Kentiopsis, a Genus Endemic to New Caledonia 32 PI{INCIPES [Vo1..42 Principes,42( I). 1998. pp..12-:U. 41-.'):1 A Revision of Kentiopsis, a Genus Endemic to New Caledonia 1 ]EAN-CHRISTOPHE PINTAUD l.aborutoire de Boumique, ORSTOM. BP AS. 98848. Noumea Cedex. New Caledonia DONALD R. Ho DE!. University ofCalifornia, Cooperative Extension, 2 Coral Circle, Man/ere) Park, CA 91755 The definitive and unparalleled work of new species and Mackeea in the older Kentiopsis. Harold E. Moore, Jr. and Natalie W. Uhl (1984) We feel this arrangement best reflects the natur­ on the palms of New Caledonia has proven to be al variation and diversity of palms at the generic unusually successful. It unraveled the intriguing level in New Caledonia. but perplexing mysteries of the extraordinary as­ semblage of palms on the island and has 'ably Kentiopsis Brongn, Compl. Rend. Hebd. served as a stable foundation for future palm Seances Acad. Sci, 77: 398. 1873; Moore & Uhl, studies there. Essentially, Moore and Uhl com­ Allertonia 3(5): 324-325. 1984; Uhl & Drans­ pleted nearly all the most difficult work when field, Genera Palmarum, 374-375. 1987. Type they made order out of the chaos of the numerous species: K. oliviformis (Brongn. & Gris) Brongn., and interesting genera on the island. Their con­ (lectotype) vide Beccari, Palrnae Nuova Caled. tribution to palm taxonomy in New Caledonia 18. 1920. ('olivaeformis'). cannot be overstated. The little they did leave for Mackeea H. E. Moore, Gentes Herb. 11: 304. future palm taxonomists mainly involved naming 1978. Type species: M. magnifica H. E. Moore. and describing the additional new species that Syn. novo were sure to be discovered when the large, geo­ Solitary, tall, erect, unarmed, pleonanthic, graphically, and ecologically diverse island of monoecious palms. Trunk aging gray, often ex­ New Caledonia was more thoroughly explored. panded proximally with exposed adventitious Indeed, Moore and Uhl's work inspired local roots, ringed with not too prominent leaf scars, palm enthusiasts to search the mountains and internodes nearly smooth but with superficial forests of New Caledonia for additional treasures longitudinal fissures. Leaves regularly pinnate, in the palm family. This work was rewarded with spreading to arching, neatly abscising; sheaths the discovery of the two new species of Kentiop­ tubular, forming a prominent cylindrical crown­ sis that we name and describe here in anticipa­ shaft, fibrous and z; woody, waxy and puncticu­ tion of publishing a fully illustrated book, now in late to tomentose; petiole channelled adaxially, preparation, on the palms of New Caledonia. rounded abaxially, glabrescent to variously to­ After extensive field work in New Caledonia mentose; rachis adaxially ridged proximally and spanning several years, we had, at one time, con­ angled distally, flattened to slightly rounded sidered erecting two new genera for the two new abaxially, glabrescent to variously tomentose; species of Kentiopsis. However, the two new pinnae z; flat and arranged in one plane to stiffly species prove to be intermediate between the ex­ erect, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, single­ isting genera Kentiopsis and Mackeea and serve fold, midrib elevated.adaxially and prominent as a bridge or continuum to tie the two extremes abaxially, numerous secondary ribs very con­ together. Thus, we decided to include the two spicuous abaxially, marginal ribs prominent and second in size to rnidrib, waxy glabrescent adax­ ially sometimes with remnant tomentum on 'Present address: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Terrestre. 1:3. Avenue du Colonel Roche. B.P. 4403. 31405 Toulouse rnidrih, abaxially puncticulate with tiny scales, Cedex, France. midrib and secondary ribs with numerous, con- ~ ."'1t: 1998] P1NTAUD AND IIODE\.: HEVIS10N OF KENTIOI'SIS 3:\ spicuous, membranous, medifixed rarnenta. In­ calor rarely subapical, perianth remains promi­ florescences infrafoliar, protandrous, stiffly and nent; epicarp smooth, thin, drying minutely peb­ paniculately branched to (2-)3-4 orders; pedun­ bled; mesocarp containing short sclereids, longi­ cle short, stout, variously tomentose; prophyll tudinal fibers anastomosing or not and variously and first peduncular bract caducous, charta­ adherent to the endocarp and a thick layer of tan­ ceous, sparsely scaly to tornentose, prophyll nin cells over the endocarp; endocarp thin, markedly two-keeled, flattened, encircling pe­ fragile, not operculate, not adherent to seed. duncle at insertion and enclosing first peduncular Seeds ellipsoid to rarely pyriform, hilum bract, this one similar to prophyll but not keeled, elongate, raphe branches various, numerous, rostrate, 2-4 subsequent small, triangular, pe­ anastomosing, slightly embedded, endosperm duncular bracts present; rachis longer than pe­ homogeneous; embryo basal. Germination adja­ duncle, waxy-glabrescent to minutely scaly, cent-ligular; eophyll bifid, 4-6 subsequent main branches rounded or angled, with same in­ deeply bifid leaves with narrowly lanceolate dument as rachis; bracts subtending branches lobes, before first pinnate leaf. Leaves of juve­ and rachillae acute to acuminate proximally and nile individuals spirally or distichously reduced to low ridges distally; rachillae slender arranged, "saxophone" type establishment growth to rather stout, straight or curved, mostly present or lacking. glabrous. Flowers in spirally arranged triads of Distribution. NEW CALEDONIA. Four two earlier-opening distal-lateral or rarely medi­ species endemic to the main island "Grande an-lateral staminate flowers flanking a central Terre," two in the northeast of the island, one in later-opening pistillate flower, sunken in a the center, and one in the extreme southeast (Fig. prominent cleft subtended proximally by a con­ 1). All have a very limited distribution at low to spicuous liplike or sharp-edged, rounded bract; medium elevations. triads at least in proximal 2/3 of rachillae, distal­ Ecology. The four species are clearly gregari­ Iy with only paired or solitary staminate Ilowers; ous and often develop pure stands. They are outermost bracteole low, small to inconspicuous, found mostly in lowland rain forest where they bracteoles surrounding pistillate flower marked­ grow up to 30 m tall as emergent or canopy trees; ly unequal or rarely subequal, inner one often however, K. oliviformis is restricted to transition­ sepal-like. Staminate [lowers symmetrical to al semihumid forest and K. piersoniorum is fre­ asymmetrical; sepals 3, distinct, variable in quently exposed in wet, shrubby montane vege­ shape, imbricate basally, :t keeled or costate tation. Kentiopsis pyriformis grows on ultramafic abaxially; petals 3, :t connate basally, valvate rocks, often on unstable steep slopes; the other apically, acute or rounded; stamens 11-38, three species occur on schists, or rarely basalt, shorter or equal to or exceeding petals, filaments sometimes mixed with serpentine colluvium. shorter or equal to or longer than anthers, mostly Taxonomic history. In 1873, A. Brongniart es­ straight apically, free or connate basally and tablished Kentiopsis and included three species, there variously adnate to a variable receptacle, K. macrocarpa, K. divaricata, and K. oliviformis. anthers elongate, latrorse or introrse, emarginate Earlier, Vieillard had invalidly named the former to bifid distally, bifid to bilobed proximally, dor­ two while Brongniart and Gris (1864) had named sifixed about 1/3 from base. connective narrow to the last, all in Kentia Blume, a name accepted at wide, tanniniferous or not; pollen elliptic to tri­ the time but now included in GronophyllllllJ angular, monosulcate or trichotomosulcate with Scheffer. According to Brongniart (1873), Ken­ finely pitted to reticulate tectate exine; pistil­ tiopsis differed in the staminate flowers bearing lode much shorter than to equalling filaments, numerous stamens (20-50) adnate to a promi­ conical to columnar. Pistillate flowers symmetri­ nent receptacle, instead of the 6-12 stamens in cal; sepals 3, broadly imbricate basally;' petals 3, Kentia. Dammer (1906) transferred K. divaricata broadly imbricate basally. valvate only hrieflv to Actinokeruia; and, although Vieillard (1873) apically, acute; staminodes mostly 3, ioothlik~ had transferred K. macrocarpa to Chambeyronia, and borne within 1 petal or 6 and connate in a he had done so invalidly, leaving Beccari (1920) ring with triangular lobes; gynoecium unilocular, to validate the transfer; thus Kentiopsis has been uniovulate, with 3 prominent, recurved stigmatic a monotypic genus until the present. lobes, ovule pendulous or rarely lateral. Fruits ellipsoid, red or purplish. stigmatic remains api- (COlllimwd on p, 4/) 19981 PINTAUD AND HODEL: HEVISION OF KENTIOPSIS 41 {Continuedfrom p. 33) \ \ lenqhene LEGEND _ Ultramafic rocks • Kentiopsis magnifica .... Kenliopsis piersoniorum • Kentiopsis oliviformis • Kentiopsis pyriformis I. Distribution of Kentiopsis species. Kentiopsis includes the stateliest palms of agnostic character: K. pyriformis has fruits with New Caledonia; they often attain or exceed 20 m subapical stigmatic remains and mostly pyriform in height and grow in impressive colonies. There seeds; K. magnifica has staminate flowers with is great floral variation among the species, espe­ stamens connate basally in a ring; K. oliviformis cially regarding the size and symmetry of the has strongly asymmetrical staminate flowers flowers, insertion of the stamens, shape of the re­ with deltoid sepals and lacks sepal-like bracte­ ceptacle and pistillode and also in the bracte­ oles;
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