March Dypsis sp. ‘florencei’ Spring 2015 Palm Sale featuring Hundreds of of Rare and Exotic Palms Free palm seedling to every guest! (while supplies last)

Sale Issue

Dypsis pembana The Palm Report Photo by Tim McKernan

at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden March 28 & 29 9:30 AM to 4:30 PM In This Issue

Palms of …………...……. Page 4 Membership Renewal Form ….…….... Page 9

South Palm Society 2015 Spring Palm Show & Sale March 28 & 29 9:30AM TO 4:30 PM at FTBG Special pre-show soiree for members March 27 at 5:30PM

2 SFPS Board of Directors 2015

Lenny Goldstein President Ellis Brown Vice President Tim McKernan Treasurer Lou Sguros Corresponding Secretary Ken Heinrich Recording Secretary Rick Johnson Director Mike Tevelonis Director Kevin McLeod Director Steve Pearson Director Bill Olson, Jr. Director

This publication is produced by the South Florida Palm Society as a service to its members. The statements and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the SFPS, its Board of Directors or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of ad- vertisers does not constitute an endorsement of the products or featured services.

Our Mission The South Florida Palm Society is a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to disseminate information about and encourage interest in palms and the use of those . Funds donated to the Chapter through its annual sales have been used to help support Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Montgomery Botanical Center and other institutions, individual research, planting projects, and educational efforts.

3 Palms of Madagascar

One lazy day about 80 million years ago, Mother Nature was puttering in the garden when she had an epiphany. Of course, no light bulb popped on above her head, because neither light bulbs nor cartoons had been invented yet. Still it was a monumental insight. "Palm hobbyists are good," she declared to herself, "and I want to make them happy, even giddy. I think I'll create dozens of beautiful species endowed with great variety − tall, short, palmate, pinnate, smooth, spiny, solitary, clumping."

But Mother Nature has always had a mischievous side – after all, she invented the National Enquirer – so she decided to make palm lovers overcome mighty challenges in order to reach her prized plants. With the help of several unpaid assistants, she designed steamy forests, bone-dry deserts, rushing rivers, impenetrable thickets, foul-tempered animals, and razor-sharp rock formations that could rend human flesh. To accommodate all that diversity, Mother Nature needed lots of room, so she plunked her fabulous creations down on a large piece of real estate in the Indian Ocean. And she called that fair land Madagascar, which translates roughly to "Can't get there from here." Her mission accomplished, Mother Nature spent the winter relaxing in Palm Beach while dispatching her unpaid assistants to Boston to shovel snow. Mischievous, indeed! When palm lovers finally reached Madagascar eons later, they found a marvelous collection. There are about 4 200 species native to the island, and almost all of them are endemic, that is, not found naturally in any other place on earth. What else would you expect from Mother Nature?

Good old Mom certainly fulfilled her goal. Many of the palms of Madagascar are magnificent – valuable eco- nomically and highly-prized ornamentally. But, in complete seriousness, not all is well in Paradise. Despite Madagascar's size − it's the fourth-largest island in the world, over 2,400 miles long − its burgeoning pop- ulation has long exerted pressures on native flora of all sorts. Take the endemic Royal Poinciana, for instance. This beautiful flowering tree is one of the most popular ornamentals planted in the tropics worldwide, but there are now more of them in southern Florida than in Madagascar.

Fortunately, the Poinciana is not yet nearing extinction on the island, but native palms have not been so lucky. Popu- lation pressures on them are manifested in several ways, primarily via logging and farming, but also by harvesting for hearts-of-palm, a practice which guarantees death for single-stemmed specimens. And, sadly, the problem is ex- acerbated by disreputable seed dealers who simply cut down palms – without a thought of sustaining the species – in order to satisfy their customers’ requests.

In October 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which for 50 years has assessed plants and animals headed for extinction, issued a solemn and alarming warning in an update to its Red List of Threat- ened Species, reporting that 83% of Madagascar's na- tive palms are considered threatened. Within the

5 IUCN's rankings of imminence of extinction, the category 'Threatened' comprises three levels of increasing risk: Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered. Omi- nously, a substantial number of those palms now deemed Threatened on the Red List are already Endangered or even Critically Endangered. (In the IUCN system, even the bottommost rank, Least Concern, "does not imply that these species are of no conservation concern.") "The figures on Madagascar's palms are truly terrifying, especially as the loss of palms impacts both the unique biodiversity of the island and its people," said Dr. Jane Smart, Global Director of IUCN’s Biodiversity Conserva- tion Group and Director of IUCN’s Global Species Pro- gram. "This situation cannot be ignored."

Adding to the concern was Dr. William [Bill] Baker, the head of palm research at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, who stated, "The majority of Madagascar's palms grow in the island's eastern rain forests, which have already been reduced to less than one-quarter of their original size, and which continue to disappear." The high extinction risk faced by Madagascar's palms, he concluded, "reflects the decline in these forests, which threatens all of the remark- able wildlife that occurs there.” Some problem-solving initiatives are underway in Mada- gascar: The country created a national seed bank, which has assisted one local community in its effort to conserve a critically-endangered species, Tahina spectabilis. In that program, "sustainably-harvested seeds are sold through a commercial palm seed merchant. The money flows back to the local people who use it to renovate buildings and grow food more productively." The Madagascar National Parks Association also plays a role in conserving palms

6 by administering a system of protected areas. But only 10% of the island is in such areas, so not many of the palm species benefit.

In any attempt to learn about Malagasy palms, it is im- possible to overlook the contributions made by Drs. John Dransfield and Henk Beentje, whose work has given un- precedented clarity to understanding the island’s species. Even though the first descriptions of Madagascar’s native palms were published in the 1820s, relatively little botan- izing occurred there for the next 140 years. But in 1963 Dr. Harold E. (Hal) Moore, Jr. took up the cause by mak- ing collections on the island. Moore was a botany profes- sor at Cornell University, as well as the founding editor of the International Palm Society’s journal, Principes (later Palms). He made follow-up trips in 1971 and 1972, but thereafter political conditions interfered with collec- tion by foreign botanists, and Moore was unable to return to Madagascar before his rather premature death in 1980.

In the mid-’80s, conditions improved enough for scientists to resume visiting the island for field research. Moore’s work was taken up by Dransfield, a botanist at the Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, who had become co-editor of Principes with Dr. Natalie Uhl of Cornell. Dransfield and Uhl also embarked on completing a broader phase of Moore’s studies, and in 1987 they pub-lished Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr.

By the time Dransfield began wrapping up the Genera Palmarum manuscript for publication, “it had become ob- vious that most of the real mysteries remaining in the palm family related to the palms of Madagascar. Not only

7 were Madagascar palms not well known outside Mada- gascar, but the material available for comparing them with other palms was often very incomplete.” Based on this, his own epiphany, Dransfield initiated a Madagascar palm project by making a collecting trip there in 1986, and then made additional visits to the island in 1988 and 1989. A major breakthrough occurred in 1990, when Paul Preston, president of McDonald’s Restaurants Limited (UK), approached Kew with an offer of funding for a four -year research program. Dransfield’s Madagascar palm project was chosen to receive the grant, and it’s no exag- geration at all to say that most of what we now know about those plants is owed to the consumption of Big Macs.

Dr. Henk Beentje, already a collaborator with Dransfield, was the successful applicant for a three-year postdoctoral position to work with him on the hamburger-fueled grant, both at Kew and in Madagascar. Once, in praising his younger colleague, Dransfield quipped that Beentje was very valuable to the project because he liked to climb trees.

Beentje must truly have loved scaling palms, because he soon collected a wealth of voucher specimens. Along the way, he recognized Preston’s role in the Madagascar pro- ject by naming a species, Dypsis prestoniana, in his honor. In 1995 the research partners concluded their enor- mous project by publishing The Palms of Madagascar, a thoroughgoing and beautifully-illustrated work compris- ing the island’s species in a mere 475 pages.

Just how important have Dransfield and Beentje been in increasing our understanding of Madagascar’s palms?

8 Dypsis cabadae Dypsis prestonia

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9 Consider these facts: 1) Between 1986 and 1994, the pair described 75 new species on the island. 2) In 1987, they raised eyebrows by lumping five genera into Dypsis; gone were Phloga, Neophloga, Neodypsis, Vonitra, and the tongue-twisting Chrysalidocarpus. 3) Of the 140 Dyp- sis species listed in The Palms of Madagascar, 124 had been described (or redescribed) by the two scientists.

Let's embark on a brief survey of the palms of Madagas- car in order to sample their great variety. The island is home to between 16 and 19 genera – the imprecision owed to disputes over nativity – some of which probably predate the separation of Madagascar from Africa:

Beccariophoenix – Pinnate (feather-shaped leaves). All three species of this endemic are solitary (single- stemmed) and tall-growing, and all have a fairly strong resemblance to the Palm (Cocos nucifera).

B. alfredii, from the highlands, is cold-hardy and drought- tolerant. [Described in 2007; IUCN status Vulnerable.] B. madagascariensis, from lowland rain forest, is some- what less cold-hardy than B. alfredii. [Described in 1915; IUCN status Vulnerable.] B. fenestralis was recently split out from B. madagas- cariensis on the basis of its pattern of ‘windowpanes’ found between otherwise fused leaflets on younger speci- mens. [Described in 2014; IUCN status not as yet as- sessed, but logically no better than Vulnerable.]

Bismarckia – Palmate (fan- or palm-shaped leaves). This endemic genus is monotypic, i.e., represented by only one species.

B. nobilis is solitary in form and develops a stout trunk

10 reaching about 40 ft. in cultivation. Its striking appear- ance has made it immensely popular, but before 1981 it was seldom planted in southern Florida. Native to dry wooded grassland, it does not require supplemental wa- tering here once established. It possesses silver-blue and green forms, the latter less cold-tolerant. Little-known fact: Bismarckias do not like to have water sprayed into their buds during the cooler, dryer months of the year. That can cause bud rot to develop, though it is often re- versible. [Described in 1881; IUCN status Least Con- cern.]

Borassus – Palmate. Of the five recognized species in the genus, two occur in Madagascar.

B. sambiranensis, from the far northwest of the island, was described in 1913 as an endemic species, but in very recent years it was determined actually to be B. aethiopum, which is also native to a vast area of conti- nental Africa. Found in dry wooded grassland, it is soli- tary and tall-growing, from 39 to 59 ft., with a robust trunk. Its petioles bear recurved black spines and are colored brown-black near the base. It produces large, fragrant compound fruits the size of . [Described in 1838; IUCN status endangered in Mada- gascar, Least Concern in Africa.] B. madagascariensis, endemic to dry wooded grassland, is solitary and tall-growing, from 33 to 52 ft., with a ro- bust trunk. Its petioles bear small black spines. It pro- duces large, fragrant compound fruits the size of coco- nuts. [Described in 1913; IUCN status Endangered.]

Cocos – Pinnate. The Coconut Palm is an introduced genus. Due to the ability of its fruits to float and its em-

11 bryos not to succumb to salt water, this palm has distrib- uted itself along shorelines almost everywhere in the tropics and, to a limited extent, even into the subtropics. It is monotypic.

Cocos nucifera, now naturalized and planted in humid lowlands throughout Madagascar, is among the most sig- nificant village crops there. Dransfield and Beentje hy- pothesize that, because the species is quite variable on the island, it may have been one of the first crops introduced there by early settlers migrating from Indomalaysia.

Elaeis – Pinnate. This genus is represented in Madagas- car by one of its two species.

E. guineensis, the African Oil Palm, occurs on the island, but there is considerable doubt that it is native there. It is included here to inform, not to contribute to controversy. This solitary, large-growing species is among the eco- nomically most-valuable palms, grown on plantations in both the Old and New World tropics for its oil, used for both cooking and lighting. [Described in 1763; IUCN status not as yet assessed.]

Hyphaene – Palmate. This is a genus of about eight spe- cies that has proven difficult to sort out.

H. coriacea, its only species native to Madagascar, is also native to continental Africa. It produces a small number of robust trunks varying from 4 to 20 ft. tall and occa- sionally branching above ground, a rarity in palms. Its petioles bear thick, black, recurved thorns. Native to dry, wooded grassland, it is well-suited to planting in sunny sites, and it needs no supplemental irrigation once estab- lished. [Described in 1788; IUCN status not as yet as-

12 Dypsis decaryi

13 sessed.]

Lemurophoenix – Pinnate. The genus, another discovery during the Kew Madagascar palm project, is found on the Masoala Peninsula in the northeastern end of the island. It is monotypic.

L. halleuxii is an endemic, large, solitary, water-loving taxon that features a gray crownshaft tinged with pink. Emergent leaves are reddish, and its petioles are bur- gundy. Dransfield and Beentje regard it as “probably the grandest palm of the whole island….” In its native set- ting, it reaches Royal Palm proportions. One of the prob- lems with the continued viability of the species is ineffec- tive means of seed dispersal. [Described in 1991; IUCN status Endangered.]

Marojejya – Pinnate. The genus consists of two endemic, massive, solitary, moisture-loving species.

M. darianii, known from only a single site in northeastern Madagascar, features leaves which are entire, i.e., not split into leaflets. In its swampy home, it reaches heights from 26 to 49 ft. [Described in 1984; IUCN status Criti- cally Endangered.] M. insignis, on the other hand, is widely distributed up and down the length of the eastern rain forests. Its specific epithet means ‘remarkable’ or ‘outstanding.’ Its leaves are not entire, and it matures from 6 to 26 ft. in height. [Described in1955; IUCN status Least Concern].

Masoala – Pinnate. This genus consists of two endemic, solitary, water-loving species. Like several other Mala- gasy palms, Masoala is litter-accumulating, i.e., its up- right, shuttlecock-like leaves collect organic matter, and

14 there is some thought that the litter contributes to the palm’s nutrition.

M. kona is the shorter of the two species, reaching 4 to 29 ft. in height. Its leaves, which resemble those of Maroje- jya insignis, are said to possess magical powers, but, alas, fast growth is not one of them. [Described in 1995; IUCN status Endangered.] M. madagascariensis occurs in both swampy valley bot- toms and dry hillsides within lowland rain forest. It grows to a range of 11 to 33 ft. [Described in 1933; IUCN status Critically Endangered.]

Orania – Pinnate. This genus consists of about 30 soli- tary species from Madagascar to southeast Asia, but the three in Madagascar are endemic.

O. longisquama, varies in size from compact to large. It occurs in lowland rain forest on both sides of the island. [Described as Sindroa longisquama in 1933, but moved into Orania by Dransfield and Uhl in 1984; IUCN status Least Concern.] O. ravaka, a rain forest species, is tall and slow-growing, with a slender trnnk significantly swollen at the base. Its leaves are distichous, i.e., growing in two ranks, like a hand-held fan. [Described in 1995; IUCN status Vulner- able.] O. trispatha is tall and water-loving, with a trunk signifi- cantly swollen at the base. Its leaves are distichous when mature. [Described in 1984 as Halmoorea trispatha, but moved into Orania by Beentje and Dransfield in 1995; IUCN status Vulnerable.]

Phoenix – Pinnate. This genus of 14 Old World species

15 ranges from Madagascar to Africa to Arabia to southern Europe to Asia to the Himalayas, but only one of them is a Malagasy native.

P. reclinata, a clumping palm that reaches 25-50 ft. in height, is one of the island’s few non-endemic natives. It has long been popular in parts of the U.S. that experience mild winters. [Described in 1801; IUCN status not as yet assessed.]

Raphia – Pinnate. This genus comprises somewhere be- tween 20 and 28 species, but is represented in Madagas- car by only one taxon.

R. farinifera occurs from the north end of the island all the way down the east coast, but, like Elaeis guineensis, was probably introduced. One clue supporting that con- clusion is that the populations of the palm are closely as- sociated with human habitation. Strangely, this species is solitary in Madagascar, but clumping in continental Af- rica. It is at home along stream banks or in swamps, where it can attain heights of about 33 ft. [Described in 1809; IUCN status not as yet assessed.]

Ravenea – Pinnate. There are 21 species in this very in- teresting genus, 19 endemic to Madagascar and two en- demic to the nearby Comoros Islands.

R.louvelii is a short, stocky understory species that ma- tures to less than 10 ft. It bears stiff, upright leaves that accumulate litter in the wild. Fruit is purple at some stage of development. [Described as Louvelia madagascarien- sis in 1912, renamed R. louvelii in 1994; IUCN status Critically Endangered.] R. madagascariensis, which matures at a height of 16 to

16 Dypsis leptocheilos

17 Dypsis psammophila Dypsis onilahensis

Dypsis florencei

18 39 ft., is a graceful species occurring in both moist and fairly dry forest. Based on conditions at Leu Gardens in Orlando in the rough winter of 2010, which included a low of 29°, this palm may be more cold-tolerant than R. rivularis. [Described in 1906; IUCN status Least Con- cern.] R. musicalis is the species that Dransfield and Beentje call the “most remarkable” of the Raveneas, because it is possibly the only palm in the world whose seeds germi- nate underwater. It is known from a single, fast-moving river in southeastern Madagascar. Its fruits float down- stream until the merest bump frees the seed, which has already sprouted. The seed sinks to the riverbed about 8 ft. down and becomes established. Eventually leaves emerge from the river; at maturity the reaches 8 to 26 ft. on a short, squat, bottle-like trunk. The species name refers to the sound made by the fruits plopping into the water from varying heights. [Described in 1993; IUCN status Critically Endangered.] R.rivularis, the so-called Majesty Palm, is the species best-known in the U.S. Its name is a tipoff to the environ- ment it favors: It occurs in shallow standing water along riverbanks and in swampy areas, where its stocky trunk reaches 16 to 72 ft. In southern Florida it will grow quickly if provided with abundant water and fertilizer. It is fairly cold-hardy for a pinnate palm, capable of tolerat- ing some frost. [Described in 1913; IUCN status Endan- gered.] R. xerophila is the only Malagasy palm recorded from the dry spiny forests, and Dransfield and Beentje recommend it for cultivation. It is a medium-sized species, with a crown of 18-22 graceful, arching, blue-gray leaves. For best results in Florida, it should be planted on high, well- drained ground. [Described in 1933; IUCN status Vulner-

19 able.]

The remaining Ravenea species are listed below. Note that almost all of them are Endangered or Critically En- dangered: R. albicans [Described as Louvelia albicans in 1933, re- named R. albicans in 1994; IUCN status Endangered.] R. beentjei [Described in 2010; IUCN status Critically Endangered.] R. declivium [Described in 2012; IUCN status Critically Endangered.] R. delicatula [Described in 2008; IUCN status Critically Endangered.] R. dransfieldii [Described in 1994; IUCN status Endan- gered.] R. glauca [Described in 1913; IUCN status Vulnerable.] R. hildebrandtii [Described in1878; IUCN status Endan- gered.] R. hypoleuca [Described in 2010; IUCN status Critically Endangered.] R. julietiae [Described in1994; IUCN status Endangered.] R. krociana [Described in 1994; IUCN status Endan- gered.] R. lakatra [Described as Louvelia lakatra in 1927, moved into Ravenea in 1994; IUCN status Critically Endan- gered.] R. latisecta [Described in 1927; IUCN status Critically Endangered.] R. moorei [Described in 1986; IUCN status Critically En- dangered.] R. nana [Described in 1994; IUCN status Endangered.] R. robustior [Described in 1913; IUCN status Near- Threatened.] R. sambiranensis [Described in 1913; IUCN status Least

20 Concern.]

Satranala – Palmate. Discovered during the Kew Mada- gascar palm project, this was the first fan palm found on the east coast. It is monotypic.

S. decussilvae, which matures to 26 to 49 ft. in height, looks a lot like Bismarckia, but with two major differ- ences: 1) The trunk diameter is smaller, 6-7 in. vs. 8-16 in.; and 2) The fruit is much different. The endocarp, i.e., the structure that is akin to the stone of a peach, is flanged or ridged on the outside. Dransfield and Beentje suggest that that adaptation allowed the fruit to be swallowed by large birds, such as Aepyornis, the flightless Madagascar Elephant Bird. They wryly add that since that animal is extinct, their theory can’t be tested. Nevertheless, they note that similarly-designed palm endocarps are found in New Guinea where they seem to be adapted to dispersal by cassowaries, living relatives of the Aepyornis. [Described in 1995; IUCN status Endangered.]

Tahina – Palmate. This imposing endemic, monotypic species is the largest native Malagasy palm, so it is no small wonder that it went undiscovered until just eight years ago!

T. spectabilis was accidentally found in 2007, when the manager of a cashew plantation and his family were hik- ing in a seasonally-flooded remote area of northwest Madagascar. They chanced upon a massive palm, nearly 60 ft. tall, with a huge A-frame flower stalk extending above the crown. Upon receiving and examining photos of the plant, John Dransfield described a new ge- nus. Later he commented, “Ever since we started work on the palms of Madagascar in the 1980s, we have made

21 discovery after discovery – new species and new genera – but to me this is probably the most exciting of them all.” Like the Talipot Palm (Corypha umbraculifera), Tahina is monocarpic, flowering and fruiting only once in its life before expiring and collapsing. Because of this trait, drama-prone members of the media dubbed it a ‘suicidal palm.’ It occurs in limestone, making it a good fit for cul- tivation in southern Florida. [Described in 2008; IUCN status Critically Endangered.]

Voanioala – Pinnate. This monotypic genus is endemic to the palm-rich Masoala Peninsula in northeastern Mada- gascar, occurring in or near swampy valley bottom.

V. gerardii, the Forest Coconut, features an impressive trunk characterized by conspicuous leaf scar rings and step-like features, and that is just one of the ornamental highlights of this species. The trunk is massive, 49 to 65 ft. in height and 14 in. in diameter, swollen to 3 ft. at the base. The 3-in. fruits ripen to a striking reddish-brown hue, and their very thick endocarps lead Dransfield and Beentje to believe that, like the fruits of Satranala, they were adapted to the needs of now-extinct fauna, such as the Madagascar Elephant Bird. From all appearances, V. gerardii no longer has an effective means of seed disper- sal. That may account, at least in part, for the fact that as of the most recent assessment in 2012, only 15 mature specimens were seen in the three known sites. [Described in 1989; IUCN status Critically Endangered.]

Dypsis – This fascinating genus comprises about 75% of Madagascar’s native palm species. Our survey of its more ornamental or otherwise interesting representatives will appear in the next Palm Report, to be published prior to

22 the Fall Show & Sale.

Meanwhile, having been exposed to the fragile existence of most of the palms of Madagascar, you might find it beneficial to read The Diversity of Life, in which famed Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson paints a detailed picture of the interdependency of plants and animals. It has been an influential work since it was first published in 1992.

L.G.

Dypsis madagascariensis ‘lucubensis’

23 2015 Spring Palm Show & Sale South Florida Palm Society

Vendors #4 Bill Olson #31 Albert Livingston #50 Faith Bishock #66 Ron Croci #68 Ellis Brown #85 Theresa Marie Calluori

Below is an index to many of the species our vendors are offering.

SPECIES VENDOR NO. PALMS Acrocomia aculeata 50 divaricata 68 Actinorhytis calapparia 68 Adonidia merrillii 31 Allagoptera arenaria 31 Archotophoenix maxima 50 Archotophoenix myolensis 50 Archotophoenix purpurea 68 Areca vestiaria ‘Orange Form’ 68 Arenga engleri 31 Arenga hookeriana 68 Asterogyne martiana 68 Attalea cohune 68 Attalea phalerata 50 Balaka seemannii 68 alfredii 50 Bentinckia nicobarica 50, 68 Bismarckia nobilis 31 Borassus aethiopum 50 Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides 50 Burretiokentia grandiflora 68 Burretiokentia hapala 68 Burretiokentia vieillardii 68 Calyptrocalyx albertisianus 68 Calyptrocalyx hollrungii 68 Calyptrocalyx polyphullus 68 Calyptrocalyx sp. ‘Sanumb’ 68 Carpoxylon macrospermum 31 Caryota sp. ‘Elvis’ 50 Chamaedorea adscendens 50 Chamaedorea brachypoda 68 Chamaedorea cataractarum 31 Chamaedorea glaucifolia 68 Chamaedorea hooperiana 68 Chamaedorea microspadix 50 hookeri 68 Chambeyronia macrocarpa 31, 68 Chelyocarpus chuco 68 Chuniophoenix nana 68 Clinostigma ponapense 68 Clinostigma savoryanum 68 Coccothrinax alexandri 68 Coccothrinax borhidiana 68 Coccothrinax crinita 31 Coccothrinax miraguama var. 68 havenensis Coccothrinax sp. 31 Cocos nucifera 31 Cocos nucifera ‘Malayan Green’ 31 Cocos nucifera ‘Malayan Red’ 31 Cocos nucifera ‘Malayan Yellow’ 31 Cocos nucifera ‘Maypan’ hybrid 31 Copernicia baileyana 31 Copernicia berteroana 31, 50 Copernicia macroglossa 31 Copernicia prunifera 31, 50 Copernicia yarey 68 Copernicia sp. 50 Cyphoenix nucele 68 Cyphosperma trichospadix 68 Dictyosperma album 31 Dypsis cabadae 31, 50 Dypsis heterophylla 68 Dypsis ifanadianae 68 Dypsis lutescens 31 Dypsis madagascariensis var. 31 lucubensis Elaeis oleifera 50 Gaussia attenuata 50 Gaussia princeps 50 Gronophyllum pinangoides 68 Hydriastele beguinii 68 Hyophorbe lagenicaulis 31 Hyophorbe verschaffeltii 31 Johannesteijsmannia altifrons 68 Iguanura palmuncula 68 Johannesteijsmannia magnifica 68 50, 68 Latania lontaroides 31 Lemurophoenix halleuxii 68 Licuala mattanensis var. mapu 68 Licuala peltata var. sumawongii 68 Livistona chinensis 31 Livistona decora (f/k/a L. decipiens) 31 Livistona fulva 50 Loxococcus rupicola 68 Lytocaryum hoehnei 68 Lytocaryum weddellianum 68 Livistona speciosa 50 Maxburretia furtadoana 68 Phoenix acaulis 50 Phoenix canariensis 31 Phoenix dactylifera 31 Phoenix roebelenii 31 Phoenix sylvestris 31 Pinanga coronata 68 Pritchardia pacifica 68 Pritchardia schataueri 68 Pseudophoenix sargentii 31, 68 Pseudophoenix sargentii ssp. saonae 50 Pseudophoenix sargentii ssp. saonae 50 var. navassana Ptychosperma bubuvva 50 Ptychosperma caryotoides 50 Ptychosperma elegans 31 Ptychosperma kakabona 50 Ptychosperma macarthurii 31 Ptychosperma sp. ‘New Guinea’ 50 Ptychosperma sp. ‘Woto boho’ 68 Ravenea xerophila 68 Rhapis excelsa 31 Roscheria melanochaetes 68 Roystonea sp. 31 Sabal causiarum 50 Sabal maritima 50 Sabal Mexicana 50 Serenoa repens 31 Serenoa repens ‘Silver Form’ 31 Syagrus botryophora 50 Trachycarpus latisectus 50 Trachycarpus martianus 50 Thrinax excels 50 Thrinax radiata 31 Trithrinax biflabellata 50 Trithrinax schizophylla 50 Veitchia arecina (f/k/a V. 31 montgomeryana) Verschaffeltia splendida 68 Washingtonia filifera 50 Wodyetia bifurcata 31 Wodyetia bifurcata X variegated 50 cross CYCADS Cycas debaoensis 68 Dioon califanoi 68 Dioon edule 31 Dioon mejiae 68 Dioon rzedowski 68 Dioon spinulosum 31 Encephalartos horridus 68 Encephalartos lehmannii 68 Encephalartos longifolius 68 South Florida Palm Society c/o Lou Sguros 7341 SW 5th Street Plantation, FL 33317 (954) 797-2868

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