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WRA Species Report Family: Arecaceae Taxon: Satakentia liukiuensis Synonym: Gulubia liukiuensis Hatus. Common Name: satake palm Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -2 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 12/27/2012 Satakentia liukiuensis (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 7 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 n 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score -2 Print Date: 12/27/2012 Satakentia liukiuensis (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 1998. Kubitzki, K. (ed.). The Families and [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] genera of vascular plants. Volume IV. Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1998. Kubitzki, K. (ed.). The Families and [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Ryukyu Islands" [At genera of vascular plants. Volume IV. Flowering approximately 26⁰ latitude, sub-tropical] plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 202 1998. Kubitzki, K. (ed.). The Families and [Quality of climate match data 2-High] genera of vascular plants. Volume IV. Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 203 2012. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: Satake Palm - [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Hardiness: USDA Zone Satakentia liukiuensis. 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" … "VERY mariginal http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/67269/ in zone 10a! Does much better in the tropics." [Accessed 27 Dec 2012] 204 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Satakentia liukiuensis. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Open Palm and Cycad Society of Australia, forest on Ryukyu Islands, Japan." [Sub-tropical] http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Satakentia/liukiu ensis.html [Accessed 27 Dec 2012] 205 2001. Ellison, D./Ellison, A.. Cultivated palms of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural the world. UNSW Press, Sydney. range? Yes] "…is now a popular landscaping palm." 205 2012. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: Satake Palm - [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Satakentia liukiuensis. range? Florida] "This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Big http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/67269/ Pine Key, Florida Boca Del Mar, Florida Boca Raton, Florida Cape Coral, Florida [Accessed 27 Dec 2012] Cutler Ridge, Florida Kendall, Florida Lake Worth, Florida" 301 2009. Chong, K.Y./Tan, H.T.W./Corlett, R.T.. A [Naturalized beyond native range? Not Singapore] "Satakentia liukiuensis Checklist of the Total Vascular Plant Flora of (Hatus.) H.E. Moore; tree; exotic; cultivated only" Singapore: Native, Naturalized and Cultivated Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore 301 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/supplement.htm 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 1998. Kubitzki, K. (ed.). The Families and [Congeneric weed? No] "Only one sp., S. liukiuensis…" genera of vascular plants. Volume IV. Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York Print Date: 12/27/2012 Satakentia liukiuensis (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 7 401 2008. Dransfield, J./Uhl, N.W. et al.. Genera [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No evidence] "Moderate, solitary, unarmed, Palmarum: The evolution and classification of pleonanthic, monoecious palm." palms. Kew Publishing, Richmond, UK 402 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Allelopathic? Unknown] 403 1998. Kubitzki, K. (ed.). The Families and [Parasitic? No] Arecaceae genera of vascular plants. Volume IV. Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 404 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Unpalatable to grazing animals? Unknown] 405 2000. Lewis, C.E./Zona, S.. A survey of [Toxic to animals? No evidence] cyanogenesis in palms (Arecaceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 28: 219-228. 405 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. International poisonous [Toxic to animals? No evidence] plants checklist: an evidence-based reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 406 2010. Takasu, K./Takano, S.-I./Konishi, [Host for recognized pests and pathogens? Potentially Yes] "Although B. K./Nakamura, S.. An invasive pest Brontispa longissima infested leaves of the young trees in most nurseries or roadsides on longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Ishigaki, Iriomote and Kohama islands, no serious damage was observed on wild attacks an endemic palm in the Yaeyama mature trees of the S. liukiuensis communities, which are protected as national Islands, Japan. Applied Entomology and natural monuments. All the developmental stages of B. longissima were found in Zoology. 45 (1): 137–144. November 2008 and May 2009. The present study first shows that B. longissima is common and attacks the endemic palm S. liukiuensis as a main host in the Yaeyama Islands where C. nucifera is very rare." 406 2012. Takano, S.-i./Takasu, K./Fushimi, T./Ichiki, [Host for recognized pests and pathogens? Potentially] "The coconut hispine R.T./Nakamura, S.. Life history traits and beetle Brontispa longissima has been causing serious damage to the coconut damage potential of an invasive pest Brontispa palm Cocos nucifera in the Pacific, and Southeast and East Asia. This beetle longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on also attacks Satakentia liukiuensis, an endemic palm on Ishigaki and Iriomote Satakentia liukiuensis. Entomological Science. Islands, Japan. To assess the potential impact of B.
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