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Passing the Baton C Hallen Ges of S T at Ec Raft for the New a Dminist

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Passing the Baton C Hallen Ges of S T at Ec Raft for the New a Dminist FEBRUARY 2 0 0 1 Inside 5 Making Peace 6 Seeking Partner- ship with Russia Vol. VII, No. 2 7 Building a Stable UN I T E D STAT E S IN S T I T U T E O F PE A C E ■ WA S H I N G T O N , DC Balkans 8 Korean Peninsula 9 Securing Peace in Northeast Passing the Baton Asia 1 0 New Board Members C h a l l e n ges of 1 2 Lone Ranger No More 1 4 SAMUEL BERGER S t at e c raft for the New Five Easy Pieces 1 5 CONDOLEEZZA A d m i n i s t rat i o n RICE Forging Foreign Policy Foreign policy experts address the most 1 7 Globalization of important foreign policy issues likely to face the new Freedom administration at a recent U.S. Institute of Peace conference. Clockwise from top: Samuel Berger, Con- doleezza Rice, and the “Orga- nizing for National Secu- rity” panel. 2 Passing the Baton Continued from page 1 he National Security Council and the role of the assistant to the presi- dent for national security affairs need to undergo significant changes if we are to deal more effectively with a rapidly changing world, says Brent Scowcroft, f o r m e r national security adviser to presi- dents Ford and Bush. Further- more, notes Anthony Lake, for- Top: Patrick mer national security adviser to Cronin. Below: President Clinton, with globaliza- Brent Scowcroft tion have come increased con- cerns over new security issues such as transnational terrorism, the proliferation of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruc- tion, and interdependent economies, among other matters. Research and Studies Program, “Our task is to understand how organized the conference, with these issues are . more and help from program assistants more deeply integrated with the Donna Ramsey Marshall and classical, diplomatic geopolitical Christina Zechman. The meet- issues” of foreign policy and ing featured addresses by Samuel national security, Lake says. The Berger, national security adviser need to break down conceptual to President Clinton, and Con- barriers extends even to the dis- doleezza Rice, then national tinction between foreign policy security adviser–designate for and domestic issues, he adds. incoming president George W. Scowcroft and Lake discussed Bush. (For excerpts from their ing the full text of the speeches by “Organizing for National Security talks, see pages 14 and 15.) Berger and Rice. The entire con- Policy” at a U.S. Institute of The conference summarized ference has been archived in audio Peace conference on January 17 and built on the Institute’s and video formats on the Insti- along with panelists Robert E. research and policy development tute’s web site at www.usip.org. Rubin, former secretary of the work in an effort to share insights treasury, and Charles G. Boyd, gained on new approaches to Role of the National executive director of the National international conflict management Security Adviser Security Study Group, otherwise with the new administration. Five known as the Hart-Rudman panels of distinguished experts, The national security adviser, Commission. David Abshire, including senior officials of the unlike members of the president’s president of the Center for the outgoing and incoming adminis- cabinet who are department Study of the Presidency, moderat- trations, addressed the most heads, has no responsibilities ed the discussion. The day-long important foreign policy and other than to advise the president, conference, “Passing the Baton: national security issues likely to Scowcroft explained. The national Challenges of Statecraft for the face the new administration. At security adviser serves an integra- New Administration,” was held in the close of the conference, a tive role, coordinating diplomatic, support of the presidential transi- reception was held to recognize military, and related information tion in Washington, D.C. Berger for his service to the coun- to provide the president with a Institute president Richard H. try and to welcome Rice (see page comprehensive view of vital issues. Solomon and Patrick Cronin, 20). The Institute will publish a Because he or she is in daily touch director of the Institute’s report on the conference, includ- with the president, the national 3 crises, formerly the jurisdiction of Clockwise from the president or cabinet members. top left: Robert Rubin, Anthony International Economic Lake, Charles Challenges Boyd, and David Abshire. Globalization has also increased the impact of international eco- nomics on foreign policy and national security issues. The Hart- Rudman Commission, charged by Congress to reassess how the United States should provide for its national security in the 21st century, has concluded that eco- nomics have become a component of national security “at least equal to the diplomatic or military com- ponents,” said Boyd, a member of the commission. “We’re not struc- tured in such a way as to give recognition to that fact nor to integrate all the processes that that kind of decision implies.” Therefore, the Hart-Rudman Commission has called for a mod- ification of the National Security Act of 1947, which created the current structure (the National security adviser has to fairly repre- Security Council, the Department sent the views of cabinet mem- Peace Watch (ISSN 1080-9864) is pub- of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of lished six times a year by the United States bers, who see the president less Staff, and the Central Intelligence Institute of Peace, an independent, nonpar- tisan federal institution created by Congress often. Lake added that the nation- Agency). The recommended to promote research, education, and train- al security adviser “can and must change would establish the secre- ing on the peaceful resolution of interna- tional conflicts. The views expressed herein help to define central purposes tary of the treasury as a statutory do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute or its board of directors. and clear priorities and make sure member of the National Security To receive Peace Watch, write to the Edi- that those priorities and purposes Council, eliminating the National tor, Peace Watch, United States Institute of Peace, 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200, are brought to every policy discus- Economic Council (NEC), inte- Washington, DC 20036-3011. For general information call 202-457-1700, fax 202- sion the president has.” grating the NEC international 429-6063, e-mail: [email protected], The national security adviser staff with the NSC staff, and the or check our web site: www.usip.org. also is in daily touch with coun- domestic staff with the Domestic President: Richard H. Solomon terparts in other countries, Lake Policy Council. “There is no need Executive Vice President: Harriet Hentges Publications Director: Dan Snodderly pointed out, in part because inter- for a new National Security Act,” Editor: Cynthia Roderick nationally power is gravitating Boyd said. “We need to change Production Manager: Marie Marr Photo Credits: Staff, Bill Fitz-Patrick increasingly toward prime minis- the one we have.” Board of Directors ters at the expense of foreign min- In addition to integrating eco- Chairman: Chester A. Crocker. Vice Chair- isters. With the communications nomics into security policy, the man: Seymour Martin Lipset. Members: Betty F. Bumpers, Holly J. Burkhalter, revolution and increased media salient challenges facing the new Zalmay Khalilzad, Marc E. Leland, Mora L. McLean, María Otero, Barbara W. Snelling, demands for information, it is also administration are severalfold, Shibley Telhami, Harriet Zimmerman. inevitable that the national securi- Rubin said. These include the Members ex officio: Paul G. Gaffney II, National Defense University; Colin L. ty adviser is called upon increas- need to (1) continue to promote Powell, Department of State; Donald H. Rumsfeld, Department of Defense; Richard ingly for public explanations of trade liberalization and open mar- H. Solomon, Institute president (nonvoting). foreign policy initiatives during See Passing the Baton, page 4 4 Passing the Baton Continued from page 3 rights, and labor (see page 17); a “Taiwan Policy Review”; and “The United States and Coercive Diplomacy.” Publications by conference par- ticipants and/or their organiza- tions focusing on national security issues include: Six Nightmares: Real Threats in a Dangerous World and How America Can Meet Them (2000), by Anthony Lake, avail- able through your local bookstore; Two Proposals to the President: (1) Achieving Strategic Consensus: A Six-Step Reappraisal for Strategic Assessment and (2) A Strategic Reor- ganization and Renewal, a v a i l a b l e from the Center for the Study of the Presidency; and three reports Above: Chester kets, which includes getting fast- astated by war. This requires “an from the Hart-Rudman Commis- Crocker hands track legislation or some effective intricate melding of different sion entitled (1) New World Com- a baton alternative to it; (2) counter the agencies and different pieces of ing: American Security in the 21st memento to exceedingly dangerous backlash their budgets,” Scowcroft noted. Century, (2) Seeking a National Condoleezza against globalization, not only in Who should oversee this? By Strategy: A Concert for Preserving Rice as Max this country but also around the default, the Office of Manage- Security and Promoting Freedom, Kampelman world; (3) increase foreign aid to ment and Budget, which allocates and (3) Road Map for National and Sen. Tom developing nations, which now financial resources within the gov- Security: Imperative for Change, Harkin look on. account for 35–40 percent of our ernment, has become “one of the available online at www.nssg.gov. exports, and support the World major policymaking agencies in Bank and other international our country,” Scowcroft said. He financial organizations such as the concluded that it is time for the A Policy Brief for the International Monetary Fund; and NSC to take charge and make the (4) help Russia and other nations policy decisions affecting resource New Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n transitioning from communism.
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