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Rally for the Homeless * * Mayday Celebration 28th anniversary o * Kent State massacre

Food Not Bombs 20th Anniversary Salvadoran Bank Collapse * Supreme Court

ENVIRO/ * Rally on Prison Issues ANIMAL * VISUALIZINGANTI- RIGHTS THEDefend DC Home Rule Casa Del Pueblo * * DRUG $5,000 MLK Anniversary * PROTESTS/ * WAR/ RALLIES Protest Against Cuts in Programs for DC's Needy * PRISON FREE SHOWS * Free Clinic ISSUES Rally to End the Drug War Whitman-Walker Clinic 1987 * * Women's Shelter LATINO/ $6,200 4 Necessities Women's Center1988 2 IMMIGRANT * 1 * 2 RIGHTS * * 1 1989 1 $16,400 * 4 POSTERCHILDREN 3 HISTORY2 OF * 1 1 Safe Passage1990 * 2 VENUE THAT AT PLAYED 1 3 HEALTH

3 SCRAM FIREPARTY 1 1 Women's Crisis Center CLINICS 5 FIDELITYJONES 1991 Rock for Choice 1 BADMUTHA GOOSE A GIVEN YEAR 3 WOMEN’S $50,200 * THATCHERON ACID * 12 SHOWS

HOLYROLLERS 1 SHELTERS 11 2 1992 1 4 1 $9,700 5Heartly House Maryland for Choice CIRCLE SIZE SHOWS THE NUMBER OF SHOWS PLAYED WITH FUGAZI IN VISIONSOF CHANGE 1 1 NOTWIST 1993 1 2 ABORTION 1 1 14 1 Clinic Defense Fund BANDS ON HIGHLIGHTED IN BLUE 2 1994 RIGHTS * 2 1 2 1 5 7 $39,000 URGE Ann Arbor Committee to 2 PROHIBITION 1 CESTA Youth Center 1995 YOUTH

8 HEIGHT SHOWS OF = VERTICAL Defend Abortion 1988 12 1 2 VAMPIRELEZBOS 1 1 1 in Czech Republic 1 OUTREACH 5 SPINANES 2 GIRLSVS. BOYS $24,200 15 8 8 1996 1989 5

WARMERS 4 18 UNREST 7 PEACE/ NATIONOF ULYSSES 1 BEATHAPPENING 1997 * Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy 1990 Innercity Youth Outreach Programs ANTI-WAR 6 12 1 1 TECHAHEAD $21,400 QUIXOTIC AfterMONORCHID School Kids CHISEL 1998 AIDS/ Central Committee for 1991 1 5 7 Conscientious Objectors 8 SCRAWL 14 GAY RIGHTS

GLORIUM * 1999 $19,000 1992 2 25 9 4 * 6 Washington Peace Center HOUSE 15 FLUF Lexington Peace Center a Gay Rights March 2000 1993

SHUDDERTO THINK SLANT6 9 3 2001 HOUSING/ 1994 2 COMMUNITY/ HOMELESSNESS * 1 11 1 DUBNARCOTIC Living Center Aids Hospice RADIO/ $26,800 2002 Community for 1995 AIDS Research * Creative Non-Violence 9 1 VENUES Washington Inner City Self-Help 18 MAKEUP 4 LUNGFISH * $23,240 *

BLONDEREDHEAD 1996 12 1 National Coalition for the Homeless Habitat for Humanity & Anti-Nuke Group 6 8 2 1

SHELLAC 1997 FARAQUET ACT-UP Worcester Common Ground (housing) BRANCHMANAGER * * 2 * 1998 Homeless Persons Representation Project THEEX Alexandria Tenants Association * Middlesex Interfaith Partners w/ the Homeless Emmaus Services New Space for the Aging 1999 Gilman Street Project ARCS SHOWState THE of the Union Compilation NUMBER OF TIMES BANDS 2000 PLAYED THE SAME BILL Tower Fund WTUL Radio

Pirate Radio

CMU Radio Station

2001 Organizations

Buck (the dc space bartender)FUGAZI & UMBC Radio Station COMMUNITY/CHURCH SPACE 2002 UNCONVENTIONAL Indianapolis Assorted VENUES CLUB

Fugazi often played non-tradtional venues in thier home town of This project was created by During the and 90s, in theWashington, era before D.C. They played atoutdoor 17 I found or in community myself at spaces Fugazi’s last D.C. show This is my , an obsessive documentation Carni Klirs for his thesis project as the internet, fans of punk musiclike discovered churches just as often as theyat Fort played Reno. rock Itclubs. was Here an areincendiary, powerful of a band I love, told through their own data. all the venues Fugazi played in D.C., color coded by type, and part of the Information Visualization new bands through obsessive documenters. performance. I was hooked. It’s my contribution to that legacy of precious vertically sized by number of shows at that venue. program at Maryland Institute College The mainstream music press did not cover the ephemera, the printed matter that gets Fugazi documented everything. They kept OUTDOOR SPACE of Art. To see it online, visit: majority of punk music, and it wasn’t played collected and obsessed over, or perhaps 24 SHOWS 22 ledgers. They20 recorded their1 live shows. In 2011 carniklirs.com/project/fugazi on MTV. Fans documented theirCOMMUNITY/CHURCH favorite bands SPACE OUTDOOR SPACE CLUB HOUSE perused briefly then tossed in the bin. the band put together a Fugazi Live Series through underground informational networks website that includes information on every Any data visualization project involves some that included , which contained show show they ever played. They’ve consintently subjective choices. That is especially true and record reviews, band interviews, show been adding live recordings to the archive, and for this project. I decided what data was photography, and the random musings of the are now up to more than 800 shows. There is an interesting or relevant to me, how to aggregate A VISUAL HISTORY OF FUGAZI | Designed by: Carni Klirs © 2018 creators. Fanzines were idiosyncratic, printed obsessive amount of detail on each show, such or summarize it, and how much anecdotal in limited runs, and were traded around like as how many people attended, who they played info to include. I tried to show the connections contraband. with, and a comments section where attendees between the D.C. music scene in the late 1980s Fanzines were a co-creative act. Punk is a of that show can share their experiences. to the community around me today. Several of participatory culture, in which the divide the venues Fugazi played at 25 years ago are So I decided to scrape data off of that web page between the “creators” in the bands, and the still around, still hosting benefit shows. My own and try to visualize the history of the band, to “consumers,” i.e. the fans, blurred or did not band performed at the very I saw Fugazi convey why they were important to me, and to exist. Fanzine culture impacted the music’s play their last D.C. show, roughly a decade later. so many others. Fugazi is a lens into a multi- reach, and led to a culture of collectors, There are young bands active today who are generational subculture that is still active today. who often held on to these fading printed only three or four degrees away from Fugazi They helped foster a community of bands documents for years. (when looking at connections between bands through Dischord Records, which was co- by shared members). Punk music is temporal & ephemeral. created and still run by Ian MacKaye of Fugazi. It represents a time & place. They only played all ages shows, and kept door These visualizations are meant to be read It exists within local & social contexts. prices to five dollars, making sure every show slowly, not glanced at. There are no high level was as accessible as possible.They decided insights, no key takeaways, but they are full of I found out about my first punk show in very early on that every local show they played small discoveries, personalized insights, details Washington, D.C. because someone at my high would be a benefit show, raising money for that may inspire or delight. Each visualization is school handed me a flyer. A black and white causes that would positively impact their city printed as a fold-out poster, and does not need photocopied quarter-sheet of paper, cryptic and marginalized communities. to be read in sequential order. and intriguing. One show led to another, and SHOWS BY STATE

Washington, D.C. 66 54 THE INTERNATIONAL 37 New York 32 Florida 24 Ohio 22 FUGAZI TOUR NETWORK Pennsylvania 22 Virginia 22 Geogia 21 North Carolina 20 Washington 19 Fugazi played 1,048 shows in 372 cities, on 5 continents, and in all 50 U.S. States. Illinois 18 Maryland 17 They booked their own tours, and only played all ages shows. They carefully routed tours Wisconsin 15 Massachusetts 14 14 through smaller towns and countries they had not visited before. Here is a map of all Tennessee 14 12 their shows, threaded together from origin to destination. Missouri 12 Arizona 10 Connecticut 10 LINES COLOR CODED BY YEAR OF TOUR: Minnesota 10 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 Rhode Island 9 8 Colorado 7 Nebraska 7 Arkansas 6 Kentucky 6 Louisiana 6 Vermont 6 West Virginia 6 Hawaii 5 Indiana 5 Kansas 5 Maine 5 South Carolina 5 Utah 5 Alabama 4 Iowa 4 Oklahoma 4 Mississippi 3 New Mexico 3 Nevada 3 Delaware 2 2 Montana 2 North Dakota 2 South Dakota 2 Wyoming 2 Alaska 1 New Hampshire 1

INTERNATIONAL SHOWS BY COUNTRY

United Kingdom 66 Germany 56 44 Canada 34 Italy 32 Netherlands 30 France 27 Brazil 19 Japan 17 New Zealand 11 10 Ireland 10 Spain 10 Norway 9 Belgium 8 Scotland 8 Sweden 7 Switzerland 6 Denmark 5 Poland 5 Slovenia 3 Yugoslavia 3 Czech Republic 2 Finland 2 Hong Kong 2 Singapore 2 Spain/Basque 2 Argentina 1 Chile 1 Czechoslovakia 1 Hungary 1 Iceland 1 Malaysia 1 Portugal 1

VISUALIZING THE HISTORY OF FUGAZI | Designed by: Carni Klirs © 2018 like churches justasoften asthey played rock clubs. Here are Washington, D.C.They played outdoors or in community spaces Fugazi often played non-traditional venues inthier home town of VENUES UNCONVENTIONAL FUGAZI & vertically sized by number of shows at that venue. all the venues Fugazi played inD.C.,color coded by type,and COMMUNITY/CHURCH SPACE 24 SHOWS

VERTICAL HEIGHT = OF SHOWS PLAYED AT THAT VENUE 12 SHOWS OUTDOOR SPACE 22

CLUB 20 HOUSE 1 HOUSE COMMUNITY/CHURCH SPACE OUTDOOR SPACE CLUB VISUALIZINGTHEHISTORY OF FUGAZI | Designedby: Carni Klirs©2018 IN FRONT OF Animal Rights Group WHITE HOUSE

10TH ANNIVERSARY GIG @

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Anti-War Protest

Rally for the Homeless * * Mayday Celebration 28th anniversary o * Kent State massacre Food Not Bombs 20th Anniversary IN FRONT OF WASHINGTON MOMUMENT Salvadoran Bank Collapse * Supreme Court

ENVIRO/ * Rally on Prison Issues ANIMAL * IN MALCOM X PARK ANTI- RIGHTS Defend DC Home Rule Casa Del Pueblo * * DRUG $5,000 MLK Anniversary * PROTESTS/ * WAR/ RALLIES Protest Against Cuts in Programs for DC's Needy * PRISON FREE SHOWS * Washington Free Clinic ISSUES Rally to End the Drug War * * Whitman-Walker Clinic Women's Shelter LATINX/ $6,200 Necessities Women's Center IMMIGRANT * * RIGHTS * * $16,400 * * Safe Passage * LOCAL HEALTH ON BILL CLINICS Women's Crisis Center Rock for Choice WOMEN’S $50,200 ACTIVISM & * * SHELTERS D.C. SHOWS W/ Heartly House $9,700 FUNDRAISING Maryland for Choice ABORTION RIGHTS * Clinic Defense Fund Fugazi played around 80 benefit shows, most $39,000 Ann Arbor Committee to CESTA Youth Center YOUTH Defend Abortion in Czech Republic OUTREACH of them in Washington, D.C., raising around $24,200 $250,000 for local grass roots organizations. D.C. SHOW W/ Here are all the shows, grouped PEACE/ Innercity Youth Outreach Programs by beneficiary, each circle sized by ANTI-WAR * Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy After School Kids how much money was raised. $21,400 AIDS/ Central Committee for GAY RIGHTS Conscientious Objectors GOGO SHOW W/ JUNKYARD BAND $19,000 * * Washington Peace Center a Gay Rights March Lexington Peace Center HOUSING/ COMMUNITY/ HOMELESSNESS * Living Center Aids Hospice RADIO/ $26,800 Community for AIDS Research * Creative Non-Violence VENUES Washington Inner City Self-Help * $23,240 * * A SHOW ORGANIZED BY National Coalition for the Homeless POSITIVE FORCE D.C. Habitat for Humanity & Anti-Nuke Group ACT-UP * Worcester Common Ground (housing) EACH CIRCLE REPRESENTS A * SINGLE BENEFIT SHOW, SIZED BY * HOW MUCH MONEY WAS RAISED Homeless Persons * Representation Project Alexandria Tenants Association Middlesex Interfaith Emmaus Services Partners w/ the Homeless for the Aging New Space $25,000

Gilman Street Project State of the Union Compilation $16,000

Tower Fund WTUL Radio

Pirate Radio $8,000 FUGAZI’S FIRST SHOW! CMU Radio Station Organizations $4,000

Buck (the dc space bartender)

UMBC Radio Station Assorted Indianapolis Assorted

VISUALIZING THE HISTORY OF FUGAZI | Designed by: Carni Klirs © 2018 FUGAZI’S FELLOW TRAVELLERS

1987 During their 15 years of active touring, Fugazi played with over a thousand bands. They often

4 1988 invited like minded bands, friends and label mates on Dischord Records to play with them. Here 2 1 are the bands Fugazi played with the most, and how often those bands shared the same bill. 2 1 1989 1 4 POSTERCHILDREN 3 2 1 1 1990 2 1 3 SOULSIDE

3 SCRAM FIREPARTY 1 1 5 FIDELITYJONES 1991 BADMUTHA GOOSE 1 3

THATCHERON ACID

HOLYROLLERS 1 11 2 1992 1 4 1 5

CIRCLE SIZE SHOWS THE NUMBER OF SHOWS PLAYED WITH FUGAZI IN A GIVEN YEAR VISIONSOF CHANGE 1 1 NOTWIST 1993 1 2 1 1 14 1 BANDS ON DISCHORD RECORDS HIGHLIGHTED IN BLUE 2 1994 2 1 2 1 5 7

URGE 1 2 PROHIBITION 8 1995 1988 12 1 2 VAMPIRELEZBOS 1 1 1 1 JAWBOX 5 SPINANES 2 GIRLSVS. BOYS 15 8 8 1996 1989 5

WARMERS 4 18 UNREST 7 NATIONOF ULYSSES 1 BEATHAPPENING 1997 1990 6 12 1 1 TECHAHEAD QUIXOTIC MONORCHID CHISEL 1998 1991 1 5 UNWOUND 7 8 SCRAWL 14

GLORIUM 1999 1992 2 25 9 4 6 15 FLUF 2000 1993

SHUDDERTO THINK SLANT6 9 3 2001 1994 2 1 11 1 DUBNARCOTIC 2002 1995 9 1

18 MAKEUP 4 LUNGFISH

BLONDEREDHEAD 1996 12 1

6 8 2 1

SHELLAC 1997 FARAQUET BRANCHMANAGER

1998 2

THEEX

1999 ARCS SHOW THE

NUMBER OF TIMES BANDS 2000 PLAYED THE SAME BILL

2001

2002

VISUALIZING THE HISTORY OF FUGAZI | Designed by: Carni Klirs © 2018 9353 ◊ Youth Brigade Double-O ◊ Teen Idles United Mutation Tone Second Wind Rain Senator Flux Meatmen ◊ Battalion of Saints ◊ High Back Chairs Norman Mayer Group Cry Baby Cry ◊ Trusty ◊ Branch Manager Blood Bats ◊ Skewbald/Grand Union ◊ ◊ Grey Matter Off! ◊ Cro-Mags Suicidal Tendencies IAN ◊ Egg Hunt Samhain Swiz Megadeath ◊ Three THE Cult ◊ The Untouchables ◊ Embrace ◊ ◊ Faith Alloy ◊ Bluetip FUGAZI ◊ Artificial Peace ◊ ◊ Circus Lupis ◊ Jawbox Guns n’ Roses ◊ Ignition ◊ Office of Future Plans White Zombie FAMILY ◊ Snakes ◊ Channels Sisters of Mercy Fury ◊ Geek Kerosene 454 Danzig ◊ Capitol City Dusters TREE Misfits The Hated Reptile House Naked Raygun His Name is Alive ◊ Severin Seaweed Red Hare Tsunami THREE DEGREES The four main members of Fugazi— ◊ Pigeons Iron Cross DEGREES FOUR Unwound Brendan, Guy, Joe, and Ian—have all TWO DEGREES + the Pharmacists Black Flag Shellac Beatles been key players in the D.C. music ONE DEGREE Bikini Kill All Scars Liquorice Bruce Springsteen scene since the early 1980s. Being a GUY Casual Dots My New Boyfriend Shelia E Pretenders Unrest Band tight knit community, many of the The Band ◊ REM

FUGAZI Velocity Girl Elvis Costello bands shared members. ◊ Beefeater Ringo Starr & His All Star Band Thin Lizzy ◊ Happy Go Licky ◊ Fidelity Jones Asia AC/DC Here we see Fugazi’s connections ◊ French Toast Yioung Pioneers across bands from Dischord Cheap Trick Measles Mumps Rubella Red C Brief Weeds Engine Down Rain Like the Sound of Trains Records, the D.C. area, and beyond, Silver Jews Sleepytime Trio ◊ Edie Sedgwick by threading together bands that Frumpies Universal Order of Armegeddon ◊ Pavement ◊ Marginal Man Bratmobiile have shared members. This network Pixies ◊ Antelope Zwan ◊ El Guapo quickly expands exponentially Black Light Panthers ◊ Slant 6 Sonic Youth Dub Narcotic Sound System with each degree of separation, Quix*o*tic Smashing Pumpkins Codeine Orthrelm encompassing many scenes Krallice Deadline Young Marble Giants Born Against Convocation Of... and genres. BRENDAN ◊ Soul Side Moss Icon Lois Edsel Come Live Skull Chisel Black Heart Procession Weird War Clikatat Ikatowi = BANDS ON DISCHORD RECORDS ◊ The Make Up ◊ ◊ Pupils Priests ◊ Nation of Ulysses ◊ Lungfish = BANDS BETWEEN DEGREES SHARE MEMBERS Garland of Hours Routineers Chain and the Gaing Flasher Bald Rapunzel Gauche ◊ Beauty Pill = BANDS ON THE SAME DEGREE SHARE MEMBERS The Most Secret Method Discount Felt Letters Band ◊ Soccer Team Desiderata HÜsker DÜ Lincoln ◊ Faraquet ◊ The Effects Buildings Band ◊ Deathfix Ex Hex Deleted Scenes ◊ Medications ◊ The Aquarium Bat Fangs ◊ Autoclave ◊ Smart Went Crazy Sleater-Kinney ◊ Face the Enemy Battery ◊ Title Tracks Enemy Soil JOE Pig Destroyer Frodus Del Cielo Decahedron City of Caterpillar Admiral Kingface Pg.99 Alarms & Controls Agoraphobic Nosebleed ◊ Hoover ◊ Crownhate Ruin The Black Sea Trophy Wife ◊ Andalusians Queens of the Stone Age Navio Forge June of 44 Him Nirvana Sevens ◊ Scream Marilyn Manson Dot Hacker Tweaker Nine Inch Nails

VISUALIZING THE HISTORY OF FUGAZI | Designed by: Carni Klirs © 2018 Ataxia +138 BANDS +1,024 BANDS +5,357 BANDS DATA & METHODOLOGY

List of shows scraped from the Fugazi Live Series website (www.dischord.com/fugazi_live_series), using the Data Miner Chrome extension. I then used a geocoder to generate latitude and longitude coordinates for each show, based on the city, state, and country fields. For the shows in Washington, I replaced the generated values with more precise values, by looking up the lat + long coordinates for each D.C. venue based on their street address.

Detail pages for each show often noted when the show was a benefit. I manually added benefit show information into the data table, and then used the following calculation to figure out how much money they raised: Door Price multipled by the Number of Attendees, minus 20% to pay the sound person and other incidentals. These are approximate amounts.

I also pulled “Bands played with” data from the show detail pages, and used Tableau Prep to separate MARCH 4, 1989 Wilson Center the list out to individual entries, correct any misspellings or duplicate entries, and then get counts.

Raised $3,600 for For the Family Tree visualization, I sourced the data from bandtoband.com, an online database of The Washington connections between bands, by shared members. Bandtoband.com considers a band member to be Peace Center someone who played on a recording, so someone who was only part of a live lineup or just joined for one tour are not in the database. Technically Fugazi had a fifth member for their last years as an active band: Jerry Busher. He played a 2nd drumkit and other instruments, both live and on the “.” I left him out of the first ring as a he is not a “main member” of Fugazi for most of their career, but represented him on the Family Tree by his appearance in the bands French Toast, All Scars, and Fidelity Jones.

TOOLS & SOFTWARE USED

THE INTERNATIONAL FUGAZI TOURING NETWORK SEPTEMBER 22, 1989 Kepler.gl This is an open source online mapping tool for visualizing large geospatial datasets. All Souls Church It’s particularly well suited to representing “trip” data, anything with an origin and a destination. Raised $2,000 for the Alexandria Tableau Used to build the bar charts from counts of the number of shows in each country, and Tenants Association then each U.S. State

Photoshop The map output was a raster file, so some color-correction work was needed

Illustrator After rendering the map and the bar chart, I brought them both into Adobe Illustrator for the annotation layers

FUGAZI & UNCONVENTIONAL VENUES

Kepler.gl Used for the base map and isometric perspective, and to geolocate markers for each venue

Photoshop Color-correcting the map, and feathering of the edges

Illustrator Creation of the “flag pole” marks and type labels

JULY 25, 1992 Supreme Court LOCAL ACTIVISM AND FUNDRAISING

Tableau Used to create the bubbles sized by the dollar amounts Free protest show in front of the Raw graphs The circular hierarchical layout, called a dendogram, was generated using this free Supreme Court online tool

Illustrator The outputs from Tableau and Raw graphs were both brough into Illustrator, where I dragged the bubbles into place on the dendogram

FUGAZI’S FELLOW TRAVELERS

Tableau Used to create the main chart structure of Bands across the top, and Timeline going down the side, with correctly sized bubbles

Charticulator Free online tool for bespoke chart forms, used to create the arc diagram interconnecting the bands across the bottom of the chart

Illustrator Merging of the two chart forms, styling, and composition APRIL 3, 1992 Sanctuary Theater THE FUGAZI FAMILY TREE Raised $2,800 for InDesign Entirely manual process within InDesign. Data collection happened concurrently Rock for Choice with building of the visualization. As I added more bands, I tweaked and reworked the composition to fit, experimented with styles for the connecting lines.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thank you to Rosendo Flores for letting me bounce ideas off of you, for proofreading and error MARCH 21, 1993 checking. Thank you to Anna Hovland for being an amazingly supportive partner, putting up with the Freedom Plaza long hours I worked on this during evenings and weekends. Thank you to Ian MacKaye and Nichole Procopenko for taking the time to show me around Dischord house, and answer my questions about Free show at a the archive. Thank you to Mark and Kevin Finn from bandtoband.com for answering my rally for the homeless questions about the database. Thanks to my grad school cohort and professors at Maryland Institute College of Art for the constructive feedback and encouragement.

Cover Photo © by Bill Crandall Flyer images by Unknown, courtesy of the Fugazi Live Series website