John Lowell Capinera
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Topic Paper Chilterns Beechwoods
. O O o . 0 O . 0 . O Shoping growth in Docorum Appendices for Topic Paper for the Chilterns Beechwoods SAC A summary/overview of available evidence BOROUGH Dacorum Local Plan (2020-2038) Emerging Strategy for Growth COUNCIL November 2020 Appendices Natural England reports 5 Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation 6 Appendix 1: Citation for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation (SAC) 7 Appendix 2: Chilterns Beechwoods SAC Features Matrix 9 Appendix 3: European Site Conservation Objectives for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation Site Code: UK0012724 11 Appendix 4: Site Improvement Plan for Chilterns Beechwoods SAC, 2015 13 Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 27 Appendix 5: Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI citation 28 Appendix 6: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 31 Appendix 7: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 33 Appendix 8: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Ashridge Commons and Woods, SSSI, Hertfordshire/Buckinghamshire 38 Appendix 9: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Ashridge Commons and Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003 40 Tring Woodlands SSSI 44 Appendix 10: Tring Woodlands SSSI citation 45 Appendix 11: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 48 Appendix 12: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 51 Appendix 13: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Tring Woodlands SSSI 53 Appendix 14: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Tring Woodlands Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003. -
Redalyc.Catalogue of the Family Sesiidae in China
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Jin, Q.; Wang, S. X.; Li, H. H. Catalogue of the family Sesiidae in China (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 36, núm. 144, diciembre, 2008, pp. 507-526 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45511220017 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 507-526 Catalogue of the family 10/12/08 10:40 Página 507 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 36 (144), diciembre 2008: 507-526 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267 Catalogue of the family Sesiidae in China (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Q. Jin, S. X. Wang & H. H. Li Abstract A catalogue of the family Sesiidae in China is provided based partially on the research of the previous literature and partially on the study of the specimens in our collection. A total of 108 species in 26 genera are listed, along with the available information of distribution and host plants. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Sesiidae, catalogue, host plants, distribution, China. Catálogo de la familia Sesiidae en China (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Resumen Se presenta un catálogo de la familia Sesiidae en China basado parcialmente sobre las revisiones bibliográficas y parcialmente sobre el estudio de los especímenes en nuestra colección. Se da una lista de 108 especies en 26 géneros, así como la información disponible de su distribución y plantas nutricias. -
Nature and Science
An International Journal Nature and Science ISSN 1545-0740 Volume 7 - Number 6 (Cumulated No. 27), July 15, 2009 Marsland Press P.O. Box 21126, Lansing, Michigan 48909, the United States 525 Rockaway PKWY, #B44, Brooklyn, New York 11212, the United States http://www.sciencepub.net http://www.sciencepub.org [email protected] [email protected] 347-321-7172 Nature and Science Marsland Press http://www.sciencepub.net [email protected] Nature and Science, 2009 ISSN 1545-0740 Nature and Science The Nature and Science is an international journal with a purpose to enhance our natural and scientific knowledge dissemination in the world under the free publication principle. Papers submitted could be reviews, objective descriptions, research reports, opinions/debates, news, letters, and other types of writings that are nature and science related. All manuscripts submitted will be peer reviewed and the valuable papers will be considered for the publication after the peer review. The Authors are responsible to the contents of their articles. Editor-in-Chief: Hongbao Ma Associate Editors-in-Chief: Shen Cherng, Qiang Fu, Deng-Nan Horng, Yongsheng Ma Editors: George Chen, Jingjing Z Edmondson, Han Dai, Mark Hansen, Mary Herbert, Wayne Jiang, Chuan Liang, Xuemei Liang, Mark Lindley, Margaret Ma, Mike Ma, Da Ouyang, Xiaofeng Ren, Shufang Shi, Tracy X Qiao, Pankaj Sah, Alice Teng, George Warren, Qing Xia, Yonggang Xie, Shulai Xu, Lijian Yang, Yan Young, Tina Zhang, Ruanbao Zhou, Yi Zhu Web Design: Jenny Young Introductions to Authors 1. General Information Reference Examples: (1) Goals: As an international journal published both in print and on Journal Article: Hacker J, Hentschel U, Dobrindt U. -
Grasshoppers
Grasshoppers Orthoptera: Acrididae Plains Lubber Pictured grasshoppers Great crested grasshopper Snakeweed grasshoppers Primary Pest Grasshoppers • Migratory grasshopper • Twostriped grasshopper • Differential grasshopper • Redlegged grasshopper • Clearwinged grasshopper Twostriped Grasshopper, Melanoplus bivittatus Redlegged Grasshopper, Melanoplus femurrubrum Differential Grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes Clearwinged Grasshopper Camnula pellucida Diagram courtesy of Alexandre Latchininsky, University of Wyoming Photograph courtesy of Jean-Francoise Duranton, CIRAD Grasshoppers lay pods of eggs below ground Grasshopper Egg Pods Molting is not Linedfor wimps! bird grasshopper molting to adult stage Grasshopper Nymphs Some grasshoppers found in winter and early spring Velvet-striped grasshopper – a common spring species Grasshopper Controls • Weather (rainfall mediated primarily) • Natural enemies – Predators, diseases • Treatment of breeding areas • Biological controls • Row covers Temperature and rainfall are important mortality factors Grasshoppers and Rainfall Moisture prior to egg hatch generally aids survival – Newly hatched young need succulent foliage Moisture after egg hatch generally reduces problems – Assists spread of diseases – Allows for plenty of food, reducing competition for rangeland and crops Grasshopper predators Robber Flies Larvae of many blister beetles develop on grasshopper egg pods Blister beetle larva Fungus-killed Grasshoppers Pathogen: Entomophthora grylli Mermis -
Arthropod and Plant Communities As Indicators of Land Rehabilitation Effectiveness in a Semi-Arid Shrub-Steppe
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2008-07-16 Arthropod and Plant Communities as Indicators of Land Rehabilitation Effectiveness in a Semi-arid Shrub-steppe Eric T. Gardner Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Gardner, Eric T., "Arthropod and Plant Communities as Indicators of Land Rehabilitation Effectiveness in a Semi-arid Shrub-steppe" (2008). Theses and Dissertations. 1733. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1733 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Arthropod and plant communities as indicators of land rehabilitation effectiveness in a semi-arid shrub-steppe Title Page by Eric Ty Gardner A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University August 2008 i BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Eric Ty Gardner This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. Date Val Jo Anderson, Chair Date Charles Riley Nelson Date Russell Ben Rader BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Eric Gardner in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library. -
Asparagus Beetle (A3760-2001)
A3760-E Asparagus Beetle GUniversityARDEN of Wisconsin–ExtensionFACTS Asparagus Beetle K. A. Delahaut The common (Criocercis Life cycle asparagi) and spotted (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) asparagus Both the common and spotted beetles are annual pests of asparagus beetles overwinter as asparagus in Wisconsin. The adults in the soil or mulch. Adults common asparagus beetle is the can be active as soon as the host most prevalent and the only one plants emerge in the spring. The that causes economic damage to spotted asparagus beetle asparagus. becomes active later in the spring than the common aspara- Appearance gus beetle. The common aspara- Common asparagus beetle adult gus beetles lays its eggs in rows The adult common asparagus on the emerging spears and beetle is bluish-brown with cream ferns while the spotted aspara- spots, while the spotted aspara- gus beetle lays eggs only on the gus beetle is orange with black 1 ferns. When the eggs hatch, the spots. Both are about ⁄4 inch in slug-like larvae migrate to the tips size. Larvae of both resemble of the ferns where they begin slugs and are cream-colored or feeding on the foliage. Spotted gray with dark heads. asparagus beetles feed only on Symptoms and effects the fruit produced and not on the ferns. Larval feeding continues Adults of the common asparagus for 10–14 days at which time the beetle feed on the plant’s spears larvae migrate to the soil and and ferns. Disfigured and unmar- pupate. Most larvae and adults ketable spears can result when Spotted asparagus beetle adult are more active in the afternoon the beetles feed or lay eggs on when the temperature and sun- the spears. -
ECOLOGY and MANAGEMENT of MORMON CRICKET, Anabrus Simplex Haldeman
• ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MORMON CRICKET, Anabrus simplex Haldeman Final report to the National Park Service submitted by John Capinera and Charles MacVean, Department of Entomology Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 April, 1987 INTRODUCTION The Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex Haldeman, is a flightless, shield-backed grasshopper which occurs primarily in the Great Plains and sagebrush-dominated regions of the United States and Canada. It is a gregarious insect and is probably best known for its huge migratory aggregations, or bands. These typically develop in permanent breeding areas in broken, mountain habitat and then spread, by walking, to surrounding areas, including agricultural lowlands and valleys (Wakeland and Shull 1 936). Dating to the early encounter in 1848 between hordes of this insect and Mormon settlers in the Salt Lake Valley - from which the name "Mormon crickets" stems - sporadic outbreaks of crickets have caused severe damage to crops, especially wheat and alfalfa (Cowan 1929, Wakeland 1959, Evans 1985). Though crickets normally feed on a wide diversity of rangeland plants, crops are highly preferred (Swain 1944). Homesteaders were forced to abandon farming in northwest Colorado due to the yearly invasions of crickets during the 1920's. Damaging numbers of crickets persisted into the late thirties, with the peak of the epidemic occurring in 1938. Damage by crickets to rangeland plants has been much more difficult to assess than crop damage (Swain 1940, 1944). While crickets do feed on range grasses, particularly the inflorescences, they clearly prefer broad-leaf, succulent species of lesser forage value when these are present (Cowan 1929, Swain 1 944, Wakeland 1959). -
Tate Plant Board
LIBRARY TATE PLANT BOARD E-479 June 1939 United States Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine AIDS TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MORMON AND COULEE CRICKETS AND THEIR ALLIES (ORTHOPTERA; TETTIGONIIDAE, GRYLLACRIDIDAE) By Ashley B. Gurney, Division of Insect Identification Introduction In field work with the Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex Hald.) and the coulee cricket (Peranabrus scabricollis (Thos.)), it is important to distinguish the two species from each other and from several allied genera and species of Orthoptera. In this paper identification keys, descriptions, notes on known distribution, and illustrations are presented for the purpose of aiding in the identification of these species. In some cases it is inm- possible at present to be sure whether certain specimens which have been studied represent two distinct species or whether they are subspecies of the same one. An attempt has been made to explain such difficulties, and to suggest what specimens will be most helpful in adding to our knowledge of the taxonomic position and geographical distribution of those forms. The principal genera discussed, in addition to the most important ones, Anabrus and Peranabrus, are Apote, Steiroxys, Pediodectes, and Eremopedes. The present paper will be more useful to field workers if a short time is given to studying identified material of several species, so that the important distinctions may be learned by comparison with specimens. The paper is the outgrowth of a study of collections made in 1938 by field work— ers in 10 Western States, who brought together large and important series of several species and genera. Caudell (1907) monographed the Decticinae of North America, and, as regards the species of immediate concern to the Mormon cricket problen, there have been few taxonomic changes. -
Invertebrate Distribution and Diversity Assessment at the U. S. Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site a Report to the U
Invertebrate Distribution and Diversity Assessment at the U. S. Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site A report to the U. S. Army and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service G. J. Michels, Jr., J. L. Newton, H. L. Lindon, and J. A. Brazille Texas AgriLife Research 2301 Experiment Station Road Bushland, TX 79012 2008 Report Introductory Notes The invertebrate survey in 2008 presented an interesting challenge. Extremely dry conditions prevailed throughout most of the adult activity period for the invertebrates and grass fires occurred several times throughout the summer. By visual assessment, plant resources were scarce compared to last year, with few green plants and almost no flowering plants. Eight habitats and nine sites continued to be sampled in 2008. The Ponderosa pine/ yellow indiangrass site was removed from the study after the low numbers of species and individuals collected there in 2007. All other sites from the 2007 survey were included in the 2008 survey. We also discontinued the collection of Coccinellidae in the 2008 survey, as only 98 individuals from four species were collected in 2007. Pitfall and malaise trapping were continued in the same way as the 2007 survey. Sweep net sampling was discontinued to allow time for Asilidae and Orthoptera timed surveys consisting of direct collection of individuals with a net. These surveys were conducted in the same way as the time constrained butterfly (Papilionidea and Hesperoidea) surveys, with 15-minute intervals for each taxanomic group. This was sucessful when individuals were present, but the dry summer made it difficult to assess the utility of these techniques because of overall low abundance of insects. -
Spur-Throated Grasshoppers of the Canadian Prairies and Northern Great Plains
16 Spur-throated grasshoppers of the Canadian Prairies and Northern Great Plains Dan L. Johnson Research Scientist, Grassland Insect Ecology, Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, [email protected] The spur-throated grasshoppers have become the most prominent grasshoppers of North Ameri- can grasslands, not by calling attention to them- selves by singing in the vegetation (stridulating) like the slant-faced grasshoppers, or by crackling on the wing (crepitating) like the band-winged grasshoppers, but by virtue of their sheer num- bers, activities and diversity. Almost all of the spur-throated grasshoppers in North America are members of the subfamily Melanoplinae. The sta- tus of Melanoplinae is somewhat similar in South America, where the melanopline Dichroplus takes the dominant role that the genus Melanoplus pated, and hiding in the valleys?) scourge that holds in North America (Cigliano et al. 2000). wiped out so much of mid-western agriculture in The biogeographic relationships are analysed by the 1870’s. Chapco et al. (2001). The grasshoppers are charac- terized by a spiny bump on the prosternum be- Approximately 40 species of grasshoppers in tween the front legs, which would be the position the subfamily Melanoplinae (mainly Tribe of the throat if they had one. This characteristic is Melanoplini) can be found on the Canadian grass- easy to use; I know elementary school children lands, depending on weather and other factors af- who can catch a grasshopper, turn it over for a fecting movement and abundance. The following look and say “melanopline” before grabbing the notes provide a brief look at representative next. -
The Gypsy Moth and Its Natural Enemies Agriculture Information Bulletin No
THE GYPSY MOTH AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES AGRICULTURE INFORMATION BULLETIN NO. 381 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE i^Q^^áh nú'3^1 '/■*X. -//' ■*iS3l^ THE AUTHOR ROBERT W. CAMPBELL is principal ecologist at the North- eastern Forest Experiment Station's research unit maintained at Syracuse, N. Y., in cooperation with the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry at Syracuse University. He received his bachelor's degree in forestry from the State University of New York College of Forestry in 1953 and his master's and Ph.D. degrees in forestry from the University of Michigan in 1959 and 1961. He joined the USDA Forest Service's Northeastern Forest Experiment Station in 1961. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My thanks to both Wayne Trimm and Robert W. Brown, whose beautiful illustrations reflect careful study of their sub- jects. I also thank the many gypsy moth watchers who have shared their observations and experiences with me. Issued February 1975 11 THE GYPSY MOTH AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES by Robert W. Campbell CONTENTS BEHAVIOR 2 Hatch and dispersal 2 Young larvae 2 Older larvae 4 Pre-pupae and pupae 4 Adults 6 Eggs 6 MORTALITY 8 Young larvae 8 Older larvae 11 Pre-pupae 18 Pupae 18 Adults 21 Eggs 21 AGENTS THAT KILL THE SEXES DIFFERENTIALLY 22 CHANGES IN GYPSY MOTH POPULATION DENSITY 23 A FEW LAST WORDS 27 111 CAMPBELL, ROBERT W. 1974. The Gypsy Moth and its Natural Enemies. Agr. Inf. Bull. No. 381,27 p., illus. Patterns of gypsy moth behavior are described, especially those related to population density. -
Asparagus in California
Crop Profile for Asparagus in California Prepared: February, 2000 General Production Information ● In 1998, California ranked first and accounted for more than 40% of the total U.S. asparagus production. ● Asparagus ranked forty-forth and fiftieth in value among all California agricultural commodities in 1995 and 1996, respectively (4). ● Approximately 95% of California's asparagus production is for fresh market (6). ● A total of 81,300,000 pounds of asparagus were produced on 30,100 acres in California in 1997. The total value of the 1997 crop was $93,224,000 (5). Production Regions Leading California asparagus production counties are San Joaquin, Imperial, Monterey, Santa Barbara (4). Production Practices ● Asparagus fields are planted three different ways; direct seed, transplants, or crowns. Direct seed is the cheapest but also takes the longest to become established. Planting crowns is the most expensive and most common method of field establishment, resulting in earlier harvest and return on investment (4). ● Statewide the harvest season is from January 15 to June 30. Early season asparagus is harvested in Imperial Co. and the harvest moves north as the weather warms in the spring. Asparagus fields are harvested by hand every 1 to 3 days depending on how quickly marketable sized spears are emerging, a function of soil and air temperature (4). Pesticide Data: Label rates, re-entry intervals, and pre-harvest intervals for all chemicals listed in this document are from labels. Many of the labels are contained in the Crop Protection Reference (8) or at http://www.cdms.net/manuf/manuf.asp. Percent of acres treated, average number of applications, median application rate, and total lbs a.i.