A Cinch for the Brain
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
In Search of the Biological Roots of Typical and Atypical Human Brain Asymmetry
Accepted Manuscript In search of the biological roots of typical and atypical human brain asymmetry Clyde Francks PII: S1571-0645(19)30099-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2019.07.004 Reference: PLREV 1124 To appear in: Physics of Life Reviews Received date: 9 July 2019 Accepted date: 12 July 2019 Please cite this article in press as: Francks C. In search of the biological roots of typical and atypical human brain asymmetry. Phys Life Rev (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2019.07.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. In search of the biological roots of typical and atypical human brain asymmetry. Comment on “Phenotypes in hemispheric functional segregation? Perspectives and challenges” by Guy Vingerhoets. Clyde Francks1,2 1Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Email address: [email protected] Keywords: Brain asymmetry; brain functions; laterality; human genetics; left-right axis; brain hemispheres. In this comprehensive and insightful review, Vingerhoets [1] discusses the multi-dimensional nature of inter-individual variation in functional brain asymmetry, and its potential relevance to behavioural variation and psychopathology. -
Algid Ma. 33S~3
3~?<? Algid Ma. 33S~3 DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF BIOFEEDBACK INPUT ON LOWERING FRONTALIS ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC LEVELS IN RIGHT AND LEFT HANDERS DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Kenneth N. Walker, B.S., M.Ed, Denton, Texas August, 1990 Walker, Kenneth N. Differential Effects of Biofeedback Input on Lowering Frontalis Electromyographic Levels In Right and Left Handers. Doctor of Philosophy (Health Psychology/Behavioral Medicine), August 1990, 70 pages, 3 tables, 6 figures, references, 73 titles. This investigation was an attempt to replicate and expand previous research which suggested that laterality of electromyographic biofeedback input had a significant effect in lowering frontalis muscle activity. In 1984 Ginn and Harrell conducted a study in which they reported that subjects receiving left ear only audio biofeedback had significantly greater reductions in frontalis muscle activity than those receiving right ear only or both ear feedback. This study was limited to one biofeedback session and subjects were selected based on demonstration of right hand/ear dominance. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the left ear effect reported by Ginn and Harrell could be replicated. Furthermore, the current investigation sought to extend the previous finding to left handed subjects and explore the stability of the effect, if found, by adding a second biofeedback session. Subjects were 96 students recruited from undergraduate psychology classes. They were screened for handedness by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory which resulted in identification of 48 right handers and 48 left handers. -
The Hands to Say It
Issue 91, February 2008 www.proteinspotlight.org The hands to say it Vivienne Baillie Gerritsen When I was a little girl, I thought that my left-handed classmates were special. I envied their difference. And I used to marvel at the way they crouched over their desk, embracing something invisible as they did their best to avoid smudging ink all over their sheet of paper. Left-handedness is special. But so is right-handedness. Humans are not the only animals to make use of their hands – or claws, or paws, or hooves - but they are the only ones who show a marked preference for either the left one, or the right one. If this is so, there must be a reason for it. And not only must there be a reason but it must translate a certain structure of our brain: an asymmetry somewhere. Indeed, our brain is divided into two hemispheres which are dedicated to processing different activities. One side looks after our dreams, while the other is far more down to earth. LRRTM1 is the first protein to have been discovered which seems to be directly involved in this brain asymmetry. Consequently, it influences the handedness of a human-being and, more astonishingly, may also predispose individuals to psychotic troubles such as schizophrenia. don’t have a distinct preference for one hand over the other. The passing of roles from hand to mind expresses a particular brain structure. In turn, the progressive use of speech has continued to mould our brain into a shape peculiar to the human species. -
EEG Glossary
EEG Glossary The first attempt to systematically propose a syllabus for Activation procedure Any procedure designed to modu- electroencephalographers was made by O’Leary and Knott late EEG activity, for instance to enhance physiologi- who in 1955 published in the EEG Journal “Some Minimal cal waveforms or elicit abnormal paroxysmal activity. Essentials for Clinical Electroencephalographers” [1]. In the Examples include eye closing, hyperventilation, photic following decades, with the EEG being increasingly used in stimulation, natural or drug-induced sleep, sensory stimu- the experimental and clinical field, need to adopt a language lation (acoustic, somatosensory, or pain). as common as possible between various laboratories world- Activity, EEG An EEG wave or sequence of waves of wide became even more pressing. In fact, the multiplicity of cerebral origin. terms generated (and sometimes still generates) confusion Alpha band Frequency band of 8–13 Hz inclusive. Greek and misinterpretations, promoting misdiagnosis and making letter: α. it difficult to compare data between different laboratories. Alpha rhythm Rhythm at 8–13 Hz inclusive occurring To overcome this risk, in 1974 “A Glossary of Terms,” most during wakefulness over the posterior regions of the head, commonly used by “Clinical Electroencephalographers,” was generally with maximum amplitudes over the occipital published in the EEG Journal; this glossary was the result of areas. Amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 μV in the the work of a group of experts from the International Federation adult, but often much higher in children. Best seen with of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) led by Chatrian [2]. the eyes closed, during physical relaxation and relative Thanks to this document, it was for the first time officially mental inactivity. -
Symmetry and Beauty in the Living World I Thank the Governing Body and the Director of the G.B
SYMMETRY AND BEAUTY IN THE LIVING WORLD I thank the Governing Body and the Director of the G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development for providing me this opportunity to deliver the 17th Govind Ballabh Pant Memorial Lecture. Pt. Pant, as I have understood, was amongst those who contributed in multiple ways to shape and nurture the nation in general and the Himalayan area in particular. Established to honour this great ‘Son of the Mountains’, the Institute carries enormous responsibilities and expectations from millions of people across the region and outside. Undoubtedly the multidisciplinary skills and interdisciplinary approach of the Institute and the zeal of its members to work in remote areas and harsh Himalayan conditions will succeed in achieving the long term vision of Pt. Pant for the overall development of the region. My talk ‘Symmetry and Beauty in the Living World’ attempts to discuss aspects of symmetry and beauty in nature and their evolutionary explanations. I shall explain how these elements have helped developmental and evolutionary biologists to frame and answer research questions. INTRODUCTION Symmetry is an objective feature of the living world and also of some non-living entities. It forms an essential element of the laws of nature; it is often sought by human beings when they create artefacts. Beauty has to do with a subjective assessment of the extent to which something or someone has a pleasing appearance. It is something that people aspire to, whether in ideas, creations or people. Evolutionary biology tells us that it is useful to look for an evolutionary explanation of anything to do with life. -
Schizophrenia As Failure of Hemispheric Dominance for Language
J-P. Ewert – Key stimulus and releasing mechanism V IEWPOINT 63 Fentress, J.C. (1983) in Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology: 67 Liaw, J-S., Weerasuriya, A. and Arbib, M.A. (1994) Neural Motivation (Vol. 6) (Satinoff, E. and Teitelbaum, P., eds), Networks 7, 1137–1152 pp. 185–234, Plenum 68 König, P., Engel, A.K. and Singer, W. (1996) Trends Neurosci. 64 Arbib, M.A. and Cobas, A. (1991) in Visual Structures and 19, 130–137 Integrated Functions (Arbib, M.A. and Ewert, J-P., eds), 69 Ungerleider, L.G. and Mishkin, M. (1982) in Analysis of Visual pp. 139–166, Plenum Behavior (Ingle, D.J., Goodale, M.A. and Mansfield, R.J.W., eds), 65 Matesz, C. and Székely, G. (1978) J. Comp. Neurol. 178, pp. 549–586, MIT Press 157–176 70 Goodale, M.A. and Milner, A.D. (1992) Trends Neurosci. 15, 66 Matsushima, T., Satou, M. and Ueda, K. (1989) J. Comp. 20–25 Physiol. A 166, 7–22 71 Jeannerod, M. et al. (1995) Trends Neurosci. 18, 314–320 Schizophrenia as failure of hemispheric dominance for language T.J. Crow Schizophrenic illnesses occur with approximately the same incidence in all human populations with a characteristic distribution (slightly earlier in males) of ages of onset.Given that the predisposition (which presumably is genetic) is associated with a procreative disadvantage why do such illnesses persist? Here it is suggested that these conditions are a manifestation of genetic diversity in the evolution of the specifically human characteristic of language, an innovation that has occurred by a process of progressive hemispheric specialization – the establishment of dominance for some critical component of language in one or the other hemisphere. -
Psichologijos Žodynas Dictionary of Psychology
ANGLŲ–LIETUVIŲ KALBŲ PSICHOLOGIJOS ŽODYNAS ENGLISH–LITHUANIAN DICTIONARY OF PSYCHOLOGY VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS Albinas Bagdonas Eglė Rimkutė ANGLŲ–LIETUVIŲ KALBŲ PSICHOLOGIJOS ŽODYNAS Apie 17 000 žodžių ENGLISH–LITHUANIAN DICTIONARY OF PSYCHOLOGY About 17 000 words VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO LEIDYKLA VILNIUS 2013 UDK 159.9(038) Ba-119 Apsvarstė ir rekomendavo išleisti Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto taryba (2013 m. kovo 6 d.; protokolas Nr. 2) RECENZENTAI: prof. Audronė LINIAUSKAITĖ Klaipėdos universitetas doc. Dalia NASVYTIENĖ Lietuvos edukologijos universitetas TERMINOLOGIJOS KONSULTANTĖ dr. Palmira ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ REDAKCINĖ KOMISIJA: Albinas BAGDONAS Vida JAKUTIENĖ Birutė POCIŪTĖ Gintautas VALICKAS Žodynas parengtas įgyvendinant Europos socialinio fondo remiamą projektą „Pripažįstamos kvalifikacijos neturinčių psichologų tikslinis perkvalifikavimas pagal Vilniaus universiteto bakalauro ir magistro studijų programas – VUPSIS“ (2011 m. rugsėjo 29 d. sutartis Nr. VP1-2.3.- ŠMM-04-V-02-001/Pars-13700-2068). Pirminis žodyno variantas (1999–2010 m.) rengtas Vilniaus universiteto Specialiosios psichologijos laboratorijos lėšomis. ISBN 978-609-459-226-3 © Albinas Bagdonas, 2013 © Eglė Rimkutė, 2013 © VU Specialiosios psichologijos laboratorija, 2013 © Vilniaus universitetas, 2013 PRATARMĖ Sparčiai plėtojantis globalizacijos proce- atvejus, kai jų vertimas į lietuvių kalbą gali sams, informacinėms technologijoms, ne- kelti sunkumų), tik tam tikroms socialinėms išvengiamai didėja ir anglų kalbos, kaip ir etninėms grupėms būdingų žodžių, slengo, -
Hemispheric Brain Asymmetry Differences in Youths with Attention
NeuroImage: Clinical 18 (2018) 744–752 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NeuroImage: Clinical journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ynicl Hemispheric brain asymmetry differences in youths with attention-deficit/ T hyperactivity disorder ⁎ P.K. Douglasa,b, , Boris Gutmanc, Ariana Andersonb, C. Lariosa, Katherine E. Lawrenced, Katherine Narrd, Biswa Senguptae, Gerald Cooraye, David B. Douglasf, Paul M. Thompsonc, James J. McGoughb, Susan Y. Bookheimerb a University of Central Florida, IST, Modeling and Simulation Department, FL, USA b Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA, USA c Imaging Genetics Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, CA, USA d Laboratory of Neuroimaging, UCLA, CA, USA e Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, 12 Queen Square, UCL, London, UK f Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA ABSTRACT Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Diagnosis is currently based on behavioral criteria, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is increasingly used in ADHD research. To date however, MRI studies have provided mixed results in ADHD patients, particularly with respect to the laterality of findings. Methods: We studied 849 children and adolescents (ages 6–21 y.o.) diagnosed with ADHD (n = 341) and age- matched typically developing (TD) controls with structural brain MRI. We calculated volumetric measures from 34 cortical and 14 non-cortical brain regions per hemisphere, and detailed shape morphometry of subcortical nuclei. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected for a subset of 104 subjects; from these, we calculated mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts. -
Manual Asymmetry and Handedness (Trophi Nteclon/Smt Symme-A Try) DALE PURVES*, LEONARD E
Proc. Natd. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 5030-5032, May 1994 Neurobiology Manual asymmetry and handedness (trophI nteclon/smt symme-a try) DALE PURVES*, LEONARD E. WHITE, AND TIMOTHY J. ANDREWS Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, NC 27710 Contributed by Dale Purves, February 2, 1994 ABSTRACT Volumtric mnasurements show that right- handed Individuals have lager right hands than left hands. In contrst, the hands of left-handers are much more nearly symmetrical. Based on what Is known about tophic interac- dons between neurons and targets, these fings predict a c d aSymmetr of the relevant parts of the sensori- motor system in right-handers. The lack of an opposite-hand asymmy among left-handers further implies that right- and left-handed phenotypes do not arise according to the same developmental rules. Nerve cells and their targets are linked by long-term trophic interactions that coordinate somatic and neural growth (see ref. 1 and below). If one hand is generally larger than the other-as some earlier studies of the human metacarpals suggest (2, 3)-then this asymmetry should be reflected in the size of the related neural structures. As a first step in exploring this neurosomatic relationship, we have measured the volume of the two hands among right- and left-handers. We solicited 52 adult volunteers (students, faculty, and staff from Duke University) who described themselves as right-handers and 50 who considered themselves left-handers (Table 1). The volumes of the two hands were measured for FIG. 1. Diagram ofapparatus used to measure hand size by water each subject by a simple water displacement technique (Fig. -
The Effect of Handedness As Related to the Communication Arts" (1957)
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1957 The ffecE t of Handedness as Related to the Communication Arts Bertha Beck Eastern Illinois University Recommended Citation Beck, Bertha, "The Effect of Handedness as Related to the Communication Arts" (1957). Masters Theses. 4560. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4560 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECT OF HANDEDNESS - AS RELATED TO THE COMMUNICATION ARTS A Subst'antiiil' Paper Presented to THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION EASTERN ILLINIOS UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulf'illment Of' the REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF·SCIENCE IN EDUCATION by ·Bertha Beck - - July;1957 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation and thanks to the following people: Dr. A. U. Edwards for his pa tience and guidance. The staff of the libraries, both at the University of Illinois and at Eastern Illinois University, for their assistance. Mrs. Vera Slover, Sullivan, Illinois, for reviewing the paper with me. Mrs. Janice R�Yehrich' for tyPing the final manuscript. CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 . ' II. THE INCIDENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF HANDEDNESS. • • • • 3 Inherited Acquired III. THE EF�ECT OF CHANGING A CHILD'S HANDEDNESS; CHARACTERISTICS OF LATERALITY ON • • • • • • • • • .13 , . Writing Speaking Reading IV• HANDEDNESS AND ITS EFFECT ON SPECIAL CASES. • • ••26 Mentally Deficient Retarded Achievers v. CONCLUSION •••• . • 31 BIBLIOGRAPHY. • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • •.33 CHAPTER I When .� he �ubject of handedness is st�died, a person -t ' -· � finds many rs:mifications �hich can, .be conp dered. -
Right Vs. Left
High Touch High Tech® Science Experiences That Come To You Right vs. Left Ingredients & Supplies: • pencil • paper • scissors • ball, small (ex. tennis ball, baseball) • ball, large (ex. soccer ball) • coin • paper towel tube • phone • stairs • cup of water Instructions: If you use your right hand to write and draw, you are right-handed. If you use your left, you are left-handed. This is your dominant hand. Most people are right-handed. In fact, only 10% of the population uses their left hand to write. Scientists are unsure why most people favor one hand. Perhaps it is genetic, health-related, or environmental. The left- hand minority remains a mystery. But, this isn’t the only way to determine your “sidedness.” You also have a dominant ear, eye, and foot. Usually if someone is right-hand dominant, he favors the right side of his body. But, this is not true for everyone. Sometimes, a person may write with his right hand, but throw a baseball with his left hand. This is called “mixed-handedness” or cross- dominance. If a soccer player favors her right foot, but draws with her right hand, this is also cross-dominance. When someone can use both sides of the body equally well, he or she is ambidextrous. This is a rare form of cross-dominance (about 1% of the population) because the person can write, throw, and kick with either the right or left side with skill. Now you can experiment to find out which side is dominant for you, your friends, and your family! Everyone knows immediately if they are right-handed or left-handed. -
Handedness and White Matter Networks
NROXXX10.1177/1073858420937657The NeuroscientistBudisavljevic et al. 937657review-article2020 Review The Neuroscientist 2021, Vol. 27(1) 88 –103 Handedness and White Matter Networks © The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858420937657 10.1177/1073858420937657 journals.sagepub.com/home/nro Sanja Budisavljevic1,2, Umberto Castiello1 , and Chiara Begliomini1 Abstract The development and persistence of laterality is a key feature of human motor behavior, with the asymmetry of hand use being the most prominent. The idea that asymmetrical functions of the hands reflect asymmetries in terms of structural and functional brain organization has been tested many times. However, despite advances in laterality research and increased understanding of this population-level bias, the neural basis of handedness remains elusive. Recent developments in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging enabled the exploration of lateralized motor behavior also in terms of white matter and connectional neuroanatomy. Despite incomplete and partly inconsistent evidence, structural connectivity of both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric white matter seems to differ between left and right-handers. Handedness was related to asymmetry of intrahemispheric pathways important for visuomotor and visuospatial processing (superior longitudinal fasciculus), but not to projection tracts supporting motor execution (corticospinal tract). Moreover, the interindividual variability of the main commissural pathway corpus callosum seems to be associated with handedness. The review highlights the importance of exploring new avenues for the study of handedness and presents the latest state of knowledge that can be used to guide future neuroscientific and genetic research. Keywords handedness, white matter, diffusion imaging, tractography, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus Introduction dominant for hand control.