DOCSLIB.ORG

Monsanto Improved Fatty Acid Profile MON 87705 Soybean, Petition 09-201-01P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Monsanto Improved Fatty Acid Profile MON 87705 Soybean, Petition 09-201-01P Monsanto Improved Fatty Acid Profile MON 87705 Soybean, Petition 09-201-01p OECD Unique Identifier: MON-87705-6 Draft Environmental Assessment April 2011 Agency Contact Cindy Eck USDA, APHIS, BRS 4700 River Road, Unit 147 Riverdale, MD 20737-1237 Phone: (301) 734-0667 Fax: (301) 734-8669 [email protected] The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’S TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of companies or commercial products in this report does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. DRAFT MONSANTO 87705 SOYBEAN TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ iv 1 PURPOSE AND NEED ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 REGULATORY AUTHORITY ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 REGULATED ORGANISMS ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 PETITION FOR DETERMINATION OF NONREGULATED STATUS: IMPROVED FATTY ACID PROFILE MONSANTO 87705 SOYBEAN ....................................................... 2 1.4 PURPOSE OF PRODUCT ........................................................................................................... 3 1.5 APHIS RESPONSE TO PETITION FOR NONREGULATED STATUS .................................. 4 1.6 COORDINATED FRAMEWORK REVIEW .............................................................................. 4 1.7 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT .......................................................................................................... 5 2 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 7 2.1 SOYBEAN BIOLOGY, USE, AND COMPOSITION ................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Soybean Taxonomy ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Soybean Use and Composition ............................................................................................. 7 2.1.2.1 Soybean Use .................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2.2 Soybean Composition ................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Cultivation of GE Soybeans ................................................................................................ 11 2.2 SOYBEAN PRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Acreage and Areas of Soybean Production ......................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Seed Production .................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.3 Organic Farming ................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.4 Specialty Soybean Production ............................................................................................ 15 2.2.5 Soybean Cultivation Practices ............................................................................................ 17 2.2.5.1 Pre-Season Preparation ............................................................................................... 18 2.2.5.2 Planting and Early Season ........................................................................................... 18 2.2.5.3 Mid- to Late Season .................................................................................................... 18 2.2.5.4 Harvest Season ............................................................................................................ 18 2.2.5.5 Soybean Crop Rotation and Control of Volunteers .................................................... 19 2.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Soil and Land Use ............................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Water Resources ................................................................................................................. 22 2.3.3 Air Quality and Climate Change ......................................................................................... 22 2.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 Gene Movement and Weediness ......................................................................................... 24 2.4.2 Animals ............................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.3 Plants ................................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.4 Microorganisms .................................................................................................................. 29 2.4.5 Biodiversity ......................................................................................................................... 30 i DRAFT MONSANTO 87705 SOYBEAN TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED PAGE 2.5 PUBLIC HEALTH ..................................................................................................................... 31 2.5.1 Worker Safety ..................................................................................................................... 31 2.5.2 Human Health ..................................................................................................................... 32 2.6 ANIMAL FEED .......................................................................................................................... 32 2.7 SOCIOECONOMIC ISSUES ..................................................................................................... 33 3 ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................ 36 3.1 NO ACTION: CONTINUATION AS A REGULATED ARTICLE ......................................... 36 3.2 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE: DETERMINATION THAT MON 87705 SOYBEAN IS NO LONGER A REGULATED ARTICLE ..................................................................................... 36 3.3 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT REJECTED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION .................................................................................................................................................... 37 3.3.1 Prohibit Any MON 87705 Soybean from Being Released ................................................. 37 3.3.2 Approve the petition in part ................................................................................................ 38 3.3.3 Isolation Distance between MON 87705 Soybean and Non-GE Soybean Production and Geographic Restrictions ..................................................................................................... 38 3.3.4 Requirement of Testing for MON 87705 Soybean ............................................................. 38 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ......................................................................... 41 4.1 SOYBEAN PRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 42 4.1.1 Acreage and Areas of Soybean Production ......................................................................... 42 4.1.2 Seed Production .................................................................................................................. 43 4.1.3 Organic Farming ................................................................................................................. 44 4.1.4 Specialty Soybean Production ............................................................................................ 46 4.1.5 Soybean Cultivation Practices ............................................................................................ 47 4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................... 49 4.2.1 Soil and Land Use ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PALM 31 3 Working.Indd
    Volume 31: Number 3 > 2014 The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Native Plant Society Palmetto Rare Plant Conservation at Bok Tower Gardens ● Yaupon Redeemed ● The Origin of Florida Scrub Plant Diversity Donna Bollenbach and Juliet Rynear A Collaboration of Passion, Purpose and Science Bok Tower Gardens Rare Plant Conservation Program “Today nearly 30 percent of the native fl ora in the United States is considered to be 1 of conservation concern. Without human intervention, many of these plants may be gone within our lifetime. Eighty percent of the at-risk species are closely related to plants with economic value somewhere in the world, and more than 50 percent are related to crop species...but it can be saved.” – Center for Plant Conservation Ask the average Florida citizen to name at least one endangered native animal in the state and they will likely mention the Florida manatee or the Florida panther. Ask the same person to name one endangered native plant and they give you a blank stare. Those of us working to conserve Florida’s unique plant species know this all 2 too well, and if the job isn’t diffi cult enough, a lack of funding and support for the conservation of land supporting imperiled plant communities makes it harder. Bok Tower Gardens Rare Plant Conservation Program is one of 39 botanical institutions throughout the United States that collaborate with the Center for Plant Conservation (CPC) to prevent the extinction of native plants in the United States. Created in 1984, CPC institutions house over 750 living specimens of the nation’s most endangered native plants, the largest living collection of rare plants in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Wide-Leaf Warea Is an Erect Annual Herb In
    Wide-leaf Warea (or Clasping Warea) Warea amplexifolia Nutall ide-leaf warea is an erect annual herb in the Federal Status: Endangered (April 29, 1987) mustard family (Brassicaceae). The species has Critical Habitat: None Designated Wan extremely limited distribution, covering a Florida Status: Endangered north-south distance of about 80.5 km along the northern portion of the Lake Wales Ridge. In the South Florida Recovery Plan Status: Contribution (May 1999) Ecosystem, Warea amplexifolia is known to persist at only Geographic Coverage: South Florida two sites in Polk County and one in Osceola County. Warea amplexifolia is endemic to high pine (sandhill) habitat, which has been greatly reduced by conversion of natural Figure 1. County distribution of wide-leaf warea. habitat to citrus groves, residential and commercial development, sand mining, and the lack of proper fire management in the remaining natural habitats. This account represents South Floridas contribution to the existing recovery plan for the wide-leaf warea (FWS 1993). Description Warea amplexifolia is an annual herb in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Plants may be 30 to 100 cm tall and the stalk may be unbranched or, more often, branching mid- way up the stem. Leaves are alternate, from 2 to 5 cm long, and 1 to 3 cm wide, smaller as they ascend the stalk, with a rounded apex and entire margin. On young plants, the leaves are slightly folded along the midrib, tipped upward, and the lobes at the base of leaves reach around the stem. This characteristic has led to one of the common names for the species, clasping warea.
    [Show full text]
  • FLORIDA SOUTHEAST CONNECTION PROJECT RESOURCE REPORT 3 Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation September 2014
    FLORIDA SOUTHEAST CONNECTION PROJECT RESOURCE REPORT 3 Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation September 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.0 RESOURCE REPORT 3 – FISH, WILDLIFE, AND VEGETATION .............................................. 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 FISHERY RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Fisheries Habitat Classification .......................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Existing Fishery Resources ................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.3 Fisheries of Special Concern ............................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.4 Fisheries Impacts and Mitigation ........................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.4.1 Waterbody Construction Methods .................................................................................. 3-3 3.2.4.2 Vegetation Clearing ........................................................................................................ 3-3 3.2.4.3 Hydrostatic Test Water ................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.4.4 Spill Prevention Control .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix D to ERP Application Listed Species Occurrences and Project
    Appendix D to ERP Application NUCOR Steel Micro Mill Appendix D to ERP Application Listed Species Occurrences and Project Effects for Nucor Steel Micro Mill in Avon Park, Polk County, Florida This listed species occurrence information and project effects discussion is supplemental to the Wetlands and Habitat Assessment Technical Memorandum (Appendix C), which is also attached to the ERP application. See Appendix C for project description and location map. This supplemental information is provided to assist the technical review of the project’s potential effect on Federal and State listed species and/or their habitats. Included with this supplemental information are these figures: Figure D1 – Wildlife Observations Onsite and within 1 Mile Radius Figure D2 – Wildlife Observation Records and Crossings within 5 Mile Radius Figure D3 – Site Photographs May-June 2018 Wildlife and Habitat Onsite Habitat The entire area is currently managed citrus cultivation. No natural upland habitats remain in the project area. A small area of mature oak trees near the former home site remains near Pabor Lake to the south. Construction contractors’ trailers will be parked in that area. Access roads of compacted imported clay fill soil or compacted sand and densely grass, encircle and traverse the groves. These conditions can be seen in site photographs attached to this Appendix D. The citrus groves offer minimal habitat requirements for very few listed species. No wetland habitats or other surface water habitats occur within the project footprint, including the proposed rail spur, and access roads. Offsite Habitat The micro mill will be over 1000 feet from any remaining non-cultivated uplands east and west of the proposed development site.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Florida's Endangered and Threatened Plants 1
    NOTES ON FLORIDA'S ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PLANTS 1 Nancy C. Coile2 The Regulated Plant Index is based on information provided by the Endangered Plant Advisory Council (EPAC), a group of seven individuals who represent academic, industry, and environmental interests (Dr. Loran C. Anderson, Dr. Daniel F. Austin,. Mr. Charles D. D aniel III, Mr. David M . Drylie, Jr., Ms. Eve R. Hannahs, Mr. Richard L. Moyroud, and Dr. Daniel B. Ward). Rule Chap. 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code, contains the "Regulated Plant Index" (5B-40.0055) and lists endangered, threatened, and commercially exploited plant species for Florida; defines the categories; lists instances where permits may be issued; and describes penalties for vio lations. Copies of this Rule may be obtained from Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, P. O. Box 147100, Gainesville, Fl 32614-7100. Amended 20 September 2000, the "Regulated Plant Index" contains 415 endangered species, 113 threatened species, and eight commercially exploited species. Descriptions of these rare species are often difficult to locate. Florida does not have a single manual covering the flora of the entire state. Long and Lakela s manual (1971) focuses on the area south of Glades County; Clewell (1985) is a guide for the Panhandle; and Wunderlin (1998) is a guide for the entire state of Florida but lacks descriptions. Small (1933) is an excellent resource, but must be used with great care since the nomenclature is outdated and frequently disputed. Clewell (1985) and Wunderlin (1998 ) are guides with keys to the flora, but lack species descriptions. Distribution maps (Wund erlin and Hansen, 200 0) are available over the Internet through the University of South Florida Herbarium [www.plantatlas.usf.edu/].
    [Show full text]
  • Lewton's Polygala Is a Perennial Herb That Occurs In
    Lewton’s Polygala Polygala lewtonii Small ewtons polygala is a perennial herb that occurs in Federal Status: Endangered (April 27, 1993) oak scrub and in high pine, but is more common in Critical Habitat: None Designated Lthe transitional areas between these two community Florida Status: Endangered types. Oak scrub and high pine have been and continue to be destroyed for agriculture and residential housing Recovery Plan Status: Revision (May 18, 1999) construction. As with many other rare endemic plants, Geographic Coverage: Rangewide protection of this species must be achieved through habitat acquisition and implementation of appropriate land management measures to protect the structure and Figure 1. County distribution of Lewton’s polygala. composition of oak scrub and high pine communities. This account represents a revision of the existing recovery plan for Lewtons polygala (FWS 1996). Description Polygala lewtonii is a relatively short-lived (5 to 10 year) perennial herb. Each plant produces one to several annual stems, which are spreading, upward-curving or erect, and are often branched. The leaves are small, sessile, rather succulent, broader toward the tip, and are borne upright, tending to overlap along the stem, like shingles. The normally opening flowers are in erect, loosely flowered racemes about 1.5 cm (Wunderlin et al. 1981) or 3.3 cm (Weekley 1996) long. The flowers are about 0.5 cm long and bright pink (Wunderlin et al. 1981) or purplish-red (Ward and Godfrey 1979). Two of the five sepals are enlarged and wing-like, between which the largest of the three petals forms a keel that ends in a tuft of finger-like projections (Ward and Godfrey 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Cherokee Point Conservation Area Final Management Plan | May 10, 2013 Image Placeholder
    CHEROKEE POINT CONSERVATION AREA FINAL MANAGEMENT PLAN | MAY 10, 2013 IMAGE PLACEHOLDER 2 Cherokee Point Conservation Area | Management Plan 2013 Contents EXecUtive SUmmarY IMAGE PLACEHOLDER INTRODUCTION EXISTING CONDITIONS Physiographic Setting Soils Land Use and Vegetation Listed and Non-Listed Species Master plan and land MANAGEMENT plan Goals and Objectives Land Management Overall Site Plan Detailed Site Plan Interior Improvements Standards and Maintenance Requirements COST ESTIMATES AND PHASING Cherokee Point Conservation Area | Management Plan 2013 3 Executive Summary The Cherokee Point Conservation Area (hereafter referred to as The following goals, objectives and activities have been "Cherokee Point") consists of approximately 183 acres of land in identified for the management and use of Cherokee Point. Osceola County, Florida. The site consists of a mosaic of lake Natural resource goals and objectives are focused on the desired littoral zones, wet pastures, an upland peninsula, and a future conditions (DFC) of the habitats within Cherokee Point residential parcel historically used for cattle ranching. Funding and management activities needed to meet those DFCs. for the acquisition of Cherokee Point was provided by Osceola Recreation use goals and objectives focus on establishing and County and Osceola County is responsible for the management controlling appropriate access to the park. The implementation of the property. The site is considered a multiple use park as the of management actions to meet these goals will depend on site is managed for both environmental protection and funding levels, personnel availability, permitting and design recreation. requirements, and specific site conditions. Acquired by the County in June 2012, this park provides an Goal #1: Preserve, maintain, and enhance the natural excellent opportunity to observe the abundant bird diversity of resources of Cherokee Point.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Griffin State Park 2016
    Lake Griffin State Park Approved Unit Management Plan STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Division of Recreation and Parks December 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................1 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PARK ....................................... 1 Park Significance ................................................................................1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE PLAN..................................................... 2 MANAGEMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW ................................................... 8 Management Authority and Responsibility .............................................. 8 Park Management Goals ...................................................................... 8 Management Coordination ................................................................... 9 Public Participation ..............................................................................9 Other Designations .............................................................................9 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COMPONENT INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 11 RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ASSESSMENT..................................... 12 Natural Resources ............................................................................. 12 Topography .................................................................................. 12 Geology ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Jewels of the Ridge 20 Imperiled Plants of the Lake Wales Ridge Jewelslwridge 3/12/07 11:50 AM Page 3
    JewelsLWRidge 3/12/07 11:50 AM Page 2 Jewels of the Ridge 20 imperiled plants of the Lake Wales Ridge JewelsLWRidge 3/12/07 11:50 AM Page 3 Photos: facing page, from top left – Bonamia grandiflora, Warea carteri, Clitoria fragrans, Dicerandra frutescens, Polygonella myriophylla, Liatris ohlingerae, Prunus geniculata, Warea amplexifolia, Chionanthus pygmaeus. This page, below – Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium. Photos © Shirley Denton. By Carl Weekley Twenty of the 47 vascular plants Florida scrub, scrubby flatwoods and in firelanes and other listed in Florida as threatened (T) or disturbed sites. Its name refers to its supposed medicinal endangered (E) by the US Fish and properties in curing whitlow, the flaking off of the skin Wildlife Service occur on the ancient around fingernails. Flowers are minute and inconspicuous. sandy spine of the state known as the Although the specifics of papery whitlow-wort’s reproductive Lake Wales Ridge (LWR). Although the biology are poorly understood, its populations thrive come LWR comprises less than 1% of the land fire, flood or off-road vehicle. mass of the state, it encompasses over Sandlace (Polygonella myriophylla), another mat-forming 40% of its federally listed plants. All species, is also known as woody wireweed because, in 20 species are endemic to the Ridge’s pyrogenic xeric upland contrast to most Florida members of its genus, it is a long-lived ecosystems, including Florida rosemary scrub, scrubby sub-shrub with woody stems. While sandlace generally prefers flatwoods, oak-hickory scrub and sandhill. Lake Wales Ridge white sand habitats, it also occurs on yellow sands. With its T & Es include species with fascinating biogeographical needle-like leaves, dark twisting stems and profuse creamy pasts and unusual ways of ensuring their reproductive white flowers it has the stark beauty of a Japanese print.
    [Show full text]
  • REGULATED PLANT INDEX of Sept
    The PALMETTO, Spring 1994, Page 7 Family Affiliation of Species on the REGULATED PLANT INDEX of Sept. 1993 by Naney C. Coile Florida's endangered plant species are protected by representative from each of the following organizations: state law. The specific authority comes through Florida Committee for Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals, Statutes, Sections 570.07(23) and 581.185(4). The Rules of Florida Federation of Garden Clubs, Florida Forestry the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Association, Florida Native Plant Society, Florida Nurs• Services, Division of Plant Industry, Chapter 5B-40, Florida erymen and Growers Association. The EPAC Chair for Administrative Code (FAC) is entitled: "Preservation of 1993-1994 is Richard Moyroud (representative of the Native Flora of Florida" and includes the "Regulated Plant Florida Native Plant Society). Other EPAC members are: Index". Penalties for violations of Rule Chapter 5B-40 are Dr. Loran C. Anderson (Florida State University), Dr. provided in Section 581.141 and 581.211 of the Florida Daniel F. Austin (Florida Atlantic University), Dr. Daniel Statutes. B. Ward (Committee for Rare and Endangered Plants and As stated in Rule Chapter 5B-40, FAC, the purpose is Animals), Ms. Eve R. Hannahs (Florida Federation of "to provide rules for the purpose of preserving the native Garden Clubs), Mr. Charles D. Daniel III (Florida Forestry flora of Florida, by encouraging the propagation of endan• Association), and Mr. David M. Drylie, Jr. (Florida Nurs• gered or depleted species of flora and by providing an erymen and Growers Association). Mr. Daniel C. Phelps orderly and controlled procedure for restricting harvesting (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Servic• of native flora from the wilds, thus preventing exploitation es, Division of Plant Industry) serves as the secretary.
    [Show full text]
  • WIDE-LEAF WAREA Warea Amplexifolia
    WIDE-LEAF WAREA Warea amplexifolia Photo of Wide-leaf Warea floral cluster. Close-up photo of Wide-leaf Warea leaf. Photo courtesy of Shirley Denton. Photo courtesy of Shirley Denton. FAMILY: Brassicaceae (Mustard family) STATUS: Endangered (Federal Register, April 29, 1987) DESCRIPTION AND REPRODUCTION: Wide-leaf warea is a summer annual herb growing to a height of about 0.8 meters (3 feet), with slender branching stems arising from an elongate tap root. The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem and are generally heart-shaped. They are about 8 millimeters (0.3 of an inch) to about 30 millimeters (1.3 inches) l0ng and from about 4 millimeters (0.2 of an inch) to nearly 20 millimeters (0.8 of an inch) wide, with conspicuous basal lobes which clasp the stem. The flowers are showy and are borne in small, rounded, puff-like clusters at the ends of the branches. Each flower has four pale purple petals with a rounded upper portion, an elongated stalk-like lower portion, and six stamens which protrude above the petals. The pistil is narrowly cylindrical and is borne at the end of a long stalk. The fruit is a dry, thin, curved pod of about 30 millimeters (1 inch) to about 75 millimeters (3 inches) in length which is borne at the end of a 9- to 14-millimeter (0.3- to 0.5- inch) long stalk. The pod (silique) eventually splits lengthwise into two portions which spread apart revealing a thin central partition around which the small brown seeds are attached. Wide-leaf warea is occasionally confused with the three other species of the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Dicerandra
    198 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY [Volume 14 vealed that the taxon in question was firstcol- Suffruticosechamaephyte to ca. 0.5 m tall,the lected east of Sebring in 1948 by a local plant floriferousand vegetative shoots stiffand as- collector,Ray Garrett.Garrett sent several spec- cending froma ramosewoody base; odor minty- imens to ErdmanWest at the Universityof Flor- cineole. Taproot branched with extensive ida, which were later identifiedas D. frutescens spreading fibrous secondary roots. Stem gla- by Daniel B. Ward (herbariumannotations, 1976; brous except for sparse unicellular-pubescence Ward 1979), and Richard P. Wunderlin (1984). at nodes. Leaves more or less sessile; apices These specimens were also reviewed by Huck rounded; bases cuneate; marginsentire; adaxial (1987), in her monographicstudy of this south- and abaxial surfacesglandular-pitted. Leaves of eastern U.S. genus, and placed with D. frutes- determinateflowering shoots not subtending cens.Wunderlin's (1984) attemptto relocatethese cymesnarrowly ovate to narrowlyoblong, (4)5- populations of "D. frutescens"was unsuccessful. 11(14) mm long, (0.8)1-2.5 mm wide, similarto Other recentstudents of Dicerandra,L. H. Shin- but smaller than leaves of overwintering,veg- ners and R. Kral, apparently did not see Gar- etativeshoots; leaves subtendingcymes 2-8 mm rett's material because these specimens were long, 0.5-1.8 mm wide; leaves of axillary fas- neither annotated by them nor cited in their cicles 1-7 mm long, similar to bracts of cyme respective publications (Kral 1982; Shinners but slightlylonger. Internodesof upper (cyme- 1962). Withone of these specimens,Garrett had bearing) portion of determinate flowering included a note (now attachedto a sheetat FLAS) shoots 6-16 mm long, those of lower (vegeta- indicating his opinion that the plant repre- tive) portion of shoots 3-20 mm long, those of sented an undescribed species in a new genus overwinteringvegetative shoots usually 3-10 closely related to Dicerandra-a conclusion not mm.
    [Show full text]