Cadet Specialist Manual Training Syllabus

Edition 4

October 2013

The information given in this document is not to be communicated either directly or indirectly to the press or to any person not authorized to receive it.

Intellectual Property of Anglo Chinese School (Barker Road)

Compiled By: C/2LT Jeremy Ang

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Cadet Specialist

Aim of This Manual

The aim of this manual is to aid cadets by enhancing their knowledge of instructional techniques in organising, conducting and executing Individual Field Craft, Technical Handling of the SAR 21 weapon. In time, cadets will be able to apply what they have learned to their National Cadet Corps journey. This knowledge is also useful when cadets eventually attend the Cadet Specialist Course at Secondary 3, and upon successful completion, they will be appointed as the Auxiliary Instructors in their school units where they will be able to impart their knowledge acquired during the course to their junior cadets. This manual will also serve as a guide, allowing cadets to enhance their instructional abilities in organizing, conducting and executing some form of parades and ceremonies in their school units.

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Content Page

Chapter: What Is The National Cadet Corps? ...... 6  Vision & Mission Statement ...... 6  The National Cadet Corps Pledge ...... 6  The National Cadet Corps Flag ...... 6  The NCC Song ...... 8  History of the Corps ...... 10  National Cadet Corp’s Sea District’s Timeline ...... 13  Core Values ...... 14 Chapter: Ranks, Uniform & Decorum ...... 15  Temporary Excuse from Wearing Uniform ...... 15  Numbered Order of Dress...... 15  Occasions for Wearing Various Uniforms ...... 16  Badges ...... 19  Neatness, Appearance and Cleanliness ...... 25  National Cadet Corps Nomenclature ...... 29  Promotion Criteria for Cadets of ACSBR ...... 30  Accessories to the Uniform ...... 32 National Cadet Corps Training Syllabus ...... 33 Chapter: SAR-21 ...... 37  Introduction to the SAR-21 ...... 38  Composition of the SAR-21 ...... 42 o SAR-21 Components: Barrel Group ...... 42 o SAR-21 Components: Upper Receiver Group ...... 43 o SAR-21 Components: Bolt Carrier Group ...... 45 o SAR-21 Components: Lower Receiver Group ...... 46  Immediate Action Drills (IA) ...... 47  Stripping & Assembling the SAR-21 (Why?) ...... 49  Stripping of SAR-21 ...... 49  Assembling of SAR-21 ...... 50

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Chapter: Individual Field Craft ...... 51  Description of Ground ...... 52  Factors on Why Things Are Seen ...... 53  Importance of Cover & Concealment ...... 54  Fundamentals for Correct Use of Cover ...... 54  Movement by Day ...... 56  Judging Distances ...... 60  Target Indication ...... 61  How to Give a Command? ...... 62  Methods of Indicating a Target ...... 62  Field Signals ...... 64 Chapter: Guiding Principles for Drill & Parades ...... 67  Guiding Principles for Parade...... 68  Teaching by Example ...... 69  How to Give a Command? ...... 70  Aids to Drill ...... 72  Sequence of Parade ...... 75  Getting On Parade ...... 76 Chapter: Drills ...... 77  Foot Drills ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.  Marching Drills ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.  Slow March to Quick March ...... 82  Quick March to Slow March ...... 83  Arms Drills ...... 85  The Sizing Command ...... 86  Formation of Squad ...... 87 Chapter: Colours Drill ...... 89  A Short History of Colours...... 89  Parts of the Colours and its Accessories ...... 90  Colours Drills ...... 92 Chapter: Pace Stick Drills ...... 98  Introduction to the Pace Stick ...... 98

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 Use of a Pace Stick ...... 99  Parts of a Pace Stick ...... 99  The Method of Carrying the Pace Stick...... 100  Pace Stick Drills ...... 100 Chapter: Drill Sequence & Lesson Plan ...... 105  Drill Sequence ...... 105  Sample of Mutual Teaching – Foot Drills ...... 106  Sample of Mutual Teaching – Arms Drill...... 110 Chapter: Marching Songs ...... 113

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Chapter: What Is The National Cadet Corps?

Vision & Mission Statement

1. The Singapore National Cadet Corps is a world-class organization that nurtures responsible, resilient and resourceful cadets to become successful citizens. 2. We are thinking and learning team driven by our Core Values. 3. The National Cadet Corp’s mission is to develop resourceful, responsible, resilient, loyal leaders and team players through fun and challenging military-related activities.

The National Cadet Corps Pledge

We, the members of the National Cadet Corps and the youth of the republic of Singapore, do hereby pledge to be loyal to the Republic and the Corps and to maintain a high standard of discipline and performance so that we may better serve our country.

The National Cadet Corps Flag

The NCC flag consists of three equal vertical bands of colour, red on two sides and white in the centre. The features of the flag were not arbitrarily chosen- each feature has its own distinctive meaning and significance: red symbolizes universal brotherhood and equality of men while white symbolizes purity and virtue. Emblazoned upon the centre of the while panel is the NCC Badge. The NCC Badge consists of a shield, with the symbol of the sun in the background. Ten golden beams radiate from the sun, symbolizing the formation of our new country. Surrounding this sun is a blue ring, with the words, National Cadet Corps. Another 122 golden beams radiate outwards ending at the edge of the shield, symbolizing unity and strength. Below the shield is a banner inscribed with the word Singapore. In the foreground is the lion, symbolizing Bravery, Courage and Strength of the

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youth of Singapore . The sword held by the Lion symbolizes the Defence of our country. Sitting on top of the Badge, is the State Crest. This symbolizes the fact that the National Cadet Corps is a National Body, formed by the Government of Singapore to serve the Nation's youth.

The State Crest consists of a shield emblazoned with a white crescent moon and five white stars against a red background. Red is symbolic of universal brotherhood and equality of man, and white signifies pervading and everlasting purity and virtue. The five stars represent the five ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality. Supporting the shield are a lion on the left and a tiger on the right. Below the shield is a banner bearing the Republic's motto, Majulah Singapura. The lion represents Singapore itself and tiger, the island's historical links with Malaysia .

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The NCC Song

We are the members of the NCC,

Loyal and upright we will be,

Like those who have come before us,

We stand with pride for all to see!

[Chorus]

We are ready, we are ready,

To be the best that we can be,

Over land, on the sea, and in-the-air,

We are the NCC!

We are the members of the NCC,

Serving everyone with humility,

With strength and courage in our hearts,

Pressing on to victory!

[Chorus]

We are ready, we are ready,

To be the best that we can be,

Over land, on the sea, and in-the-air,

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We are the NCC!

Over land, on the sea, and in-the air,

We are the NCC

We are the NCC

We are the N-C-C!

Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTghR4yaufM

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History of the Corps

The history of National Cadet Corps dates as far back as May 1901 when C. M. Philips, the acting principal of Raffles Institution formed a cadet corps unit which comprised of existing and ex-Rafflesians. By 1905, the Raffles Institution Cadet Corps was formed. This was followed by the creation of the St. Joseph Institution Cadet Corps in 1906.

The Cadet Corps in Singapore during those early years was aimed at training the youths for the Local Volunteer Corps rather than making it a youth organization. The interest level and enthusiasm began to wane during the First World War and by the end of 1916, membership had diminished. In 1917, steps were taken by the Education authorities to revive the Cadet Corps on a new basis. It was decided that six schools (Raffles Institution, St. Joseph Institution, Anglo-Chinese School, St. Andrew's School, Outram Road School and Victoria Bridge School) should each form a Cadet Unit. This time, the Cadet Corps in school

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would be entirely separated from that of the Volunteer Corps. The aim of the movement was to improve the physique and discipline of the boys, and to inspire them with ideals of esprit-de- corps and patriotism.

In 1918, all the six selected schools formed their Cadet Units under the command of their own Cadet Officers. Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) from various military regiments in Singapore and Wardens from the Prisons helped in the training of the school unit, which included foot drills, recognition of the different parts of a rifle, field signals and military games. The military training proved useful during the outbreak of the Second World War. A large number of cadets from St. Joseph Institution, St. Patrick's School and Raffles Institution joined the Singapore Volunteer Corp (SVC) and fought against the Japanese troops in the defence of Singapore. In light of their role in the defence of Singapore, the Japanese banned the Cadet Corps in schools. The Cadet Corps movement was eventually revived in the post-war years with the end of the Japanese Occupation.

The Singapore Sea Cadet Corps was started in 1948 with the formation of a unit from the Junior Technical School. With its training syllabus based on the UK Sea Cadet Corps programme, the corps soon expanded to include seven more school units by 1951. The Sea Cadet Corps HQ was a converted Japanese Patrol Craft moored at Kallang Basin. The Sea Cadet Corps HQ later shifted to a Public Work Department office, then to a petrol kiosk.

The Air Cadet Training Corps was officially recognised on 14 July 1949, when the Singapore Legislative Assembly passed the MATC Ordinance 1949 Bill whereby all administration and training of the corps were governed by this Ordinance under the control of the Defence Ministry. This jurisdiction was transferred to the Education Ministry in 1963.

In 1965, the Ministry of Education launched its Cadet Corps expansion programme. The

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programme was launched by the Ministry to meet the demands of the Republic in preparation for National Service in 1967.

1969 marked the formation of the girls' units in single gender (female) and mixed gender secondary schools. It was also the year in which the land, sea, air and the police cadets were integrated under one organisation, the National Cadet Corps.

The year 1969 also saw the establishment of the NCC Headquarters which is responsible for the training, discipline and welfare of the cadet movements. In 1970, the Police arm left the NCC to form the NPCC under the Ministry of Home Affairs while NCC continued under the Ministry of Defence. This occurred when the then Ministry of Interior and Defence was re-organised to form two separate ministries: Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Home Affairs. By 1971, there were 82 Land (Boys) units, 52 Land (Girls) units, 3 Sea Training Centres and an Air Training Centre. In 1972, the NCC Council was formed as the highest policy making body and the NCC Act was promulgated in 1973. 1984 saw the first recruitment of girls into our NCC Sea and Air units. Prior to 2001, NCC Headquarters was dispersed into 4 separate camps namely Springleaf Camp, Haig Road Camp, Pasir Panjang Camp and Jalan Teck Whye Camp. HQ NCC was not centralised until the year 2001, with the opening of a single NCC Campus at Amoy Quee Camp, on 30th May.

The year 2001 was a significant one for NCC as it marks the 100th anniversary of the formation of the elite organisation. Today the National Cadet Corps (NCC) is one of the biggest UG in the MOE family of Uniformed Groups with a wide variety of programmes. NCC syllabus not only consists of adventure training but also the opportunity to participate in many overseas trips. NCC cadets actively participate in the International Cadet Exchange Program (ICEP) which allows them to visit countries like Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Thailand, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States. They can also embark on experiential learning through Service- Learning projects in India and Thailand.

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National Cadet Corp’s Sea District’s Timeline

In 1948, the Sea Cadet Corps was formed. At this time, there was only one unit from the Junior Technical School until 1964, when the Sea Cadet Corps expanded.

In 1965, the Ministry of Education launched an expansion scheme, whereby three new Sea Training Centres (STCs) were formed. These training centres were:

 Pasir Panjang Sea Training Centre (PPSTC)  Sembawang Sea Training Centre (SSTC)  Kallang Sea Training Centre (KSTC)

By 1981, there were more than 700 cadets in the Sea Cadet Corps. One year later, the official NCC (Sea) banner was presented to the public.

In 1988, the formation of the first Sea Cadet Corps Girls unit happened.

In 1994, Pasir Panjang Sea Training Centre closed down due to cost cutting measures implemented, as well as losing a sea front. With this, its cadets were moved to Kallang Sea Training Centre.

In 1996, the introduction of school-based units was implemented. This was to give more accountability to school principals, as well as to permit mixed units.

By 1998, the RSN-NCC specialist badge was presented.

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Core Values

Core values are the fundamental beliefs of a person or an organization. The Core Values are the guiding principles that dictate behaviour and action.

Loyalty to Country

Loyalty to and love for the country must be deeply ingrained in the hearts and minds of all cadets; these are imbued in the cadets by way of their commitment to serve the national through maintenance of high discipline and training standards.

Uprightness

Exemplary conduct, together with strong moral strength in order to differentiate the right from wrong, honesty and truthfulness in carrying out duties with full responsibility.

Leadership

Role modelling and influencing fellow-cadets to aspire to their highest potential both academically and in NCC training and activities; leadership by example and through involvement with peers and subordinates.

Discipline

Timely execution of tasks that have to be done, even though they might be difficult and painful and doing them to the best of one’s ability, self discipline that produces mental and physical resilience and strength.

Commitment & Responsibility

Taking training seriously and aspiring to benefit optimally from the experiences, show of dedication and pride to the Corps

Care for Fellow Cadets

Genuine concern for the well being of fellow cadets during and outside of training; this care and concern will facilitate esprit de corps and maintain a high level of morale and cohesiveness in the NCC.

Adventurous Spirit

The spirit, daring and passion to venture into the unknown to explore the undiscovered and unchallenged realms this adventurous spirit will widen the perspective and outlook of our cadets.

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Chapter: Ranks, Uniform & Decorum

All ranks are to be on the uniform when engaged in official duties on training days, parades, functions and ceremonies.

All NCC Officers and Cadets are to conform to the following with regard to wearing of the uniform:

1. Performing NCC duties. 2. Proceeding to or from a place of parade or essential duty. 3. Attending NCC ceremonies or social function. 4. Any other occasion as directed by NCC.

Temporary Excuse from Wearing Uniform

Temporary excuse from wearing uniform may be given to members of the NCC for the following reasons:

1. Medical Bereavement 2. Maternity (Female)

To facilitate inspection, all personnel who are excused from wearing uniform should possess a letter of authorisation signed by their respective Commanders or Medical Officers.

Numbered Order of Dress

The authorised numbered order of dress in the NCC are as follows:

No.1 – Ceremonial Dress

No.2 – Mess Kit

No.3 – Working Dress

No.4 – Field Dress/Smart No.4 Dress

No.5 – Service Dress

(T) Shirt & Tie

(J) Jacket

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Occasions for Wearing Various Uniforms

Generally, the NCC uniform is to be worn for the following occasions:

No.1 – Guard of Honour contingents and special school occasions

No.2 – Used when the occasion includes formal dining-in

No.3 – Used for attending parade and events organized by HQ NCC

No.4 – Used for training and in lieu of the No.3 dress if the cadet is not issued with one

No.5 (T) – Dress is worn when attending simple parades, ceremonies, International Exchange Programme overseas and receptions.

No.5 (J) – Dress is worn for attending special functions or attending overseas programmes.

No.1 Uniform

Land District Sea District Air District

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No.2 Uniform

Land District Sea District Air District

No.3 Uniform

Land District Sea District Air District

*Only CLTs will don the collared No.3 for the Land District uniform.

*Note that cadets will don the lanyard & their badges for their No.3 dress.

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No.4 Uniform

Land District Sea District Air District

*Note that cadets from various districts will don their respective coloured berets.

No.5 Uniform

Land District Sea District Air District

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Badges

NCC badges are categorized into five generic groups as follows:

Proficiency Badges Course Badges

 NAPFA Badge Civil Defence Badge  Orienteering Badge SANA Badge  Marksmanship Badge Energy Conservation Badge  Basic PDS Badge OBS Badge  PDS AI Badge Adventure Badge  Kayaking Badge

Prestigious Badges Recognition Badges

 RSN-NCC Badge (Sea) NYAA Badge  Engineer Camp Badge ICEP Badge  Private Pilot License Badge Camp Pinnacle Badge  Basic Airborne Badge MSTD Badge  Scuba Diving Badge SORTIE Badge

Overseas Badges

 Mountaineering Badge  Jungle Training Badge  Desert Trekking Badge  Glider Badge

All proficiency badges and course badges with the exception of the Civil Defence, SSANA, Energy Conservation, OBS and Total Defence badges, are to be mounted on the left breast area of the uniform.

Within each category, the order of precedence is according to service, for example, NCC (Land) personnel will wear the airborne wing ahead of the diver’s badge while NCC (Sea) will wear them vice versa.

Permission to wear any foreign or non-NCC badge must be sought from HQ NCC.

The Proficiency and Orienteering badges should make up the base of the pyramid of badges. The Proficiency badge should be nearest to the buttons, followed by the Orienteering badge extending towards the left sleeve.

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The second row of the badges on the left breast area will consist of the AKE and PDS badges. The Sea Proficiency (Silver/Gold) is placed on the left of the PDS badge. The Sea Proficiency badge is nearest to the buttons, while the AKE is nearer to the sleeves.

The Camp Pinnacle badge will make up the apex of the pyramid of badges. Army/RSN/RSAF- NCC badges should be placed above these four badges and it is to be centralised on the uppermost row.

Course badges such as the Civil Defence, Energy Conservation etc should be mounted on the right breast area of the uniform, just above the name tag.

In the case when the Cadet has an NYAA badge, he/she should place it in the row mentioned above.

Total Defence badge should be placed on the pocket flap on the right breast, below the other badges. Marksmanship badges should be mounted on the left rank for all cadets.

National Cadet Corps Uniform Badges (non-exhaustive) No.3 RSN-NCC Badge (Left) No.3 RSAF-NCC Badge (Centre) No.3 ARMY-NCC Badge (Right) (For NCC Land CLTs only)

No.4 RSN-NCC Badge (Left) No.4 RSAF-NCC Badge (Centre) No.4 ARMY-NCC Badge (Right)

Part A Marksmanship Badge Part B Marksmanship Badge Part C Marksmanship Badge

Total Defence Badge (Bronze) (Left) Total Defence Badge (Silver) (Centre) Total Defence Badge (Gold) (Right)

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Camp Pinnacle

Outward Bound Singapore (OBS) Badge i. As the name implies, this badge is only for cadets who have gone through OBS in Singapore (at Pulau Ubin).

ii. This badge is only awarded for the completion of the above mentioned course. Basic PDS Course Badge ()Left) PDS Auxiliary Instructor (AI) Badge (Right)

Adventure Badge i. It is entitled to cadets who have gone through OBS overseas OR attended White Water Rafting at either Perak or New Zealand. ii. This badge is only awarded for the completion of the above mentioned courses. Expedition Badge This badge is awarded only to cadets who have completed their Mount Ophir hikes.

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Singapore Anti Narcotics Association (SANA) Badge

NAPFA (Bronze) (Left) NAPFA (Silver) (Centre) NAPFA (Gold) (Right)

Energy Conservation Badge

Jungle Training

Desert Trekking

Sea Proficiency Badge (Bronze) (Left) Sea Proficiency Badge (Silver) (Centre) Sea Proficiency Badge (Gold) (Right)

Midshipmen Sea Training Deployment (MSTD) Badge, Gold (Left) Sea Sortie Badge, Silver (Right)

One Star Kayaking Proficiency (Left) Two Star Kayaking Proficiency (Centre) Three Star Kayaking Proficiency (Right)

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Air Proficiency – Silver Wing (Left) Air Proficiency – Gold Wing (Right)

Civil Defence Course Badge

Mountaineering Badge (Issued by host country)

Supernumerary Badge

Mini Kayaking Expedition Badge, Silver (Left) Annual Kayaking Expedition Badge, Gold (Right)

Gliding Badge (Issued by host country)

India Republic Day Recognition Badge (Issued by host country)

International Cadet Exchange Programme (ICEP) Badge

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Phased Out Badges Swimming Proficiency Badge i. The swimming badge has already been phased out and is no longer recognized by the NCC.

Taekwondo Badge ii. Taekwondo has been taken out of the NCC Syllabus; therefore, this badge has at the same time, been phased out. Badges with the logo shown above (including the one above) are no longer recognized.

Basic Airborne Course Badge (Left), Basic Diving Course Badge (Right)

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Neatness, Appearance and Cleanliness

Every member is to maintain a neat and clean appearance and be smartly dressed on all occasions. Uniforms are to be neat and proper as it reflects on the individuals as well as the organization.

Haircut and Shaving

 Hair is to be neatly trimmed. The hair should not overlap the eyes and ears when combed. It should also not touch the collar or interfere with the normal wearing of the service headdress.  Sideburns, if kept, are to be neatly trimmed and not increase in width towards the bottom. The bottom of the sideburns must be clean cut in a horizontal line and not extended below the centre of the ear.  Dyes, tints or bleaches are not to be used on the hair and conspicuous colour changes are prohibited.  The face is to be clean shaven. Moustaches are permitted. If a moustache is worn, it is to be kept neatly trimmed and of moderate length. No portion is to fall below a line parallel with the bottom of the lower lip.

Short and Neat Hairstyle for Males

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Acceptable – Moustache is neatly trimmed

Note for Moustaches  Moustaches are permitted. If a moustache is worn, it is to be kept neatly trimmed and of moderate length. No portion is to fall below the upper lip line or extend sideways beyond a vertical line drawn upward from the corner of the mouth.  Keep of beards is not allowed unless due to religious or medical reasons.

Notes for Inspection of Uniform/Bearing

1. Before drill, soldiers should be inspected to ensure that: a. They are dressed correctly. b. Their clothing and equipment is serviceable and clean. c. Their weapons are clean (and cared for). d. They are alert and healthy. 2. Soldiers should be at attention when inspected. 3. Inspecting Officer, Warrant or Specialist should be accompanied by the next Senior Officer/Warrant Officer or Specialist who should note down anything that he is told. The senior Warrant Officer or Specialist should be posted in front of the squad to see that the squad keeps still and looks to their front.

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Positive Example of Wearing a Beret Negative Example of Wearing a Beret

General Impression

4. Look at the squad first: a. Are they standing correctly at attention b. Is their dressing and covering off good? 5. Take a quick look at each soldier when you come to him a. Is he clean and shaved? b. Is he standing smartly? c. Is his uniform cleaned and pressed?

Details

6. Head a. Cap – Cleaned and brushed b. Badge – Cleaned and in correct place. c. Beret – Bow tucked into the seam neatly. d. Hair – Tidy and of a reasonable length. 7. Body a. Collar – Clean b. Uniform – Well fitted, cleaned and pressed c. Pockets – Emptied of bulky objects

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d. Medals – Cleaned and worn correctly e. Buttons – Sewn on and fastened, with no stray end of thread 8. Waist Belt a. Fitted so that the buckle is in the centre of the body and the belt 9. Boots a. Serviceable and polished/brushed/shined. b. Tightly laced with the laces so that they cannot come undone during a parade 10. Weapons (including bayonet) a. Clean and Dry b. Slings – Taut and tied down at the left side of the rifle

Some Don’ts

 Don’t make it a battle between you and them.  Don’t touch them.  Don’t ridicule or humiliate individual members of the squad.  Don’t spend a long time in front of a man.  Don’t allow those accompanying you to inspect for you.  Don’t point vaguely at things and expect them to vanish or change colour

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National Cadet Corps Nomenclature

(Nomenclature is defined as ‘the devising or choosing names for things especially in discipline’)

S/N Rank Abbreviation 1 Lieutenant Colonel LTC 2 Major MAJ 3 Captain CPT 4 Lieutenant LTA 5 Second Lieutenant 2LT 6 Officer Cadet OCT 7 Senior Cadet Lieutenant S/CLT 8 Cadet Captain C/CPT 9 Cadet Lieutenant CLT 10 Cadet 2nd Lieutenant C/2LT 11 Cadet Officer C/OFFR 12 CLT Trainee CDT 13 Master Sergeant MSG 14 Staff Sergeant SSG 15 First Sergeant 1SG 16 Second Sergeant 2SG 17 Third Sergeant 3SG 18 Corporal CPL 19 Private PTE 20 Recruit REC

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Promotion Criteria for Cadets of ACSBR

Rank Promotion Criteria

Promotion Camp: Camp FORGE (Compulsory) Attendance: >=50%

Lance Corporal Must have passed the Level Proficiency Test conducted by ACSBR- NCC. Promotion Camp: Camp STEEL (Compulsory) Attendance: >=50%

Must have passed the Level Proficiency Test conducted by ACSBR- Corporal NCC. Promotion Camp: Cadet Specialist Course Criteria to attend Cadet Specialist Course:

Third Sergeant Attendance: >=75% NAPFA: Bronze (Minimum) Must have attained a rank of Corporal Promotion Camp: Cadet Specialist Course Criteria to attend Cadet Specialist Course: Attendance: >=75%

Second Sergeant NAPFA: Bronze (Minimum) Must have attained a rank of Corporal *Rank is only attainable through Internal Promotion. Internal Promotion Criteria: Must have attended the Cadet Specialist Course Must have passed the RSN-NCC badge test. First Sergeant Attendance: >=75% NAPFA: Bronze (Minimum) Must have attained a rank of Corporal

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Promotion Camp: Cadet Senior Specialist Course Criteria to attend Cadet Senior Specialist Course: Must have passed the RSN-NCC badge test. Attendance: >=75% Staff Sergeant NAPFA: Silver (Minimum) Must have attained a rank of Third Sergeant Internal Promotion Criteria: Reserved only for key position holders that did not attend the Cadet Senior Specialist Course. Must be personally recommended by the unit’s Commanding Officer. *Rank is only attainable through Internal Promotion. Internal Promotion Criteria: Must be recommended personally by the unit’s Commanding Officer. Reserved for the unit’s Unit Sergeant Major & Assistant Sergeant Major.

Master Sergeant Must have attended the Cadet Senior Specialist Course.

Internal Promotion Criteria for Ranks  >=50% Attendance (Minimum)  Cadet must show interest and enthusiasm in the CCA and its activities.  Promotion criteria may change at the unit’s Commanding Officer’s discretion.

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Accessories to the Uniform

Peak Cap

Peak caps are worn by all male ranks with No.1 dress. The cap badge is placed centrally on the front of the cap with the lower edge of the badge 2cm above the upper edge of the chinstrap. Peak cap is also worn in No.5 uniform for male NCC officers and Cadet-Lieutenants from air and sea element.

Jockey Cap

All cadets wear jockey caps with the No.4 dress during training

Beret

Cadets in the No.3 dress wear berets. It is also the head dress in place of the peak cap for Officers and Cadet Lieutenants when wearing the No.3 dress for air and sea elements.

Name Tags

NCC personnel are required to wear their respective name tags when in uniform according to their service.

As a general rule, only the surname will be reflected on the name tag. Initials of the person’s name should precede it. When the father’s name or religious name is used, the personal name will be reflected preceded by initials of the former. Examples of the various forms are given below:

a) Tan Ah Bah – A B Tan b) George Fong Tow Lum – T L Fong c) Rajendran S/O Govindsamy – G Rajendran d) Mhinder Singh – S Mahinder e) Ahmad Bin Haji Dollah - Ahmad

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National Cadet Corps Training Syllabus

SAR-21 Technical Handling

Consists of the following:

1. Stripping SAR-21 in the correct sequence and display the parts in the correct order within 60 seconds. 2. Assembling SAR-21 in the correct sequences within 60 seconds of the time limit. 3. Filling a magazine with 20 rounds into the 30 round box magazine within 40 seconds. 4. Loading SAR-21 in the correct sequence. 5. Unloading SAR-21 in the correct sequence. 6. Executing IA drills in the correct sequences. 7. Applying the marksmanship fundamentals – Holding, Aiming, Breathing, Trigger Control and Position (Relaxation) 8. Cadet Leaders are to achieve a cumulative score of 50% and above before they are considered to have passed this test.

Individual Field Craft (IFC)

The following subjects would be tested:

1. Field Discipline 2. Field Signals 3. Movement By Day 4. Judging Distances 5. Target Indication

Physical Fitness Test

The following states the expected fitness level of an NCC cadet. The number of Sit-Ups and Push-Ups as follows:

For Male Cadets:

o 30 Sit-Ups within one minute

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o 30 Push-Ups within one minute

For Female Cadets:

o 20 Sit-Ups within one minute o 20 Push-Ups within one minute

Scoring Table (referring to the 2012 Cadet Specialist Course Marking Scheme)

The scoring table is to be used as a marking guide:

Marks 30 25 20 15 10 0 Obtained

Repetitions 30 25 20 15 10 5 by Boys

Repetitions 20 16 12 8 4 2 by Girls

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Command Chain of HQ NCC NCC Council Chairman Administrative Branch Correct As Of 6/8/2013 BG (Ret) Goh Kee Nguan

LogisticalTraining Branch Branch NCC Commandant

LTC Johnny Yeo

Commander (Air) Commander Land (Central)

MAJ (NCC) Joseph Tan CPT (NCC) Rabiatul

Commander (Sea) Commander Land (West)

CPT (NCC) Chia Kok Liang MAJ (NCC) Denis Chin

Commander Land (West)

MAJ (NCC) Koh Kah Lam

NCC Hierarchy

 NCC Chairperson > NCC Council > NCC Commandant > NCC District Commanders > CLTs/Teacher Officers > Cadets  NCC Chairperson/Council: In charge of important decision making affecting the entire Corps as a whole.  NCC Commandant: The overall in charge of the NCC.  NCC District Commanders: Overseer of the various districts

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Anglo Chinese School (Bark Road) Chain Of Command

In a military context, the chain of command is the line of authority and responsibility along which orders are passed within a military unit and between different units. Orders are transmitted down the chain of command from a higher ranked soldier, such as a commissioned officer, to a lower ranked personnel who either is to execute the order personally or to transmit it down the chain as appropriate, until it is received by those expected to execute it.

Commanding Officer

Teacher Officers

Cadet Officers

Logistical Support Unit Sergeant Major (USM) Administrative Support

Logistics I/C (S4) Assistant Sergeant Major (ASM) Administration I/C (S1)

Junior Cadet’s Platoon Commander Senior Cadet’s Platoon Commander Cadet Leader’s Platoon Commander

Assistant Platoon Commander Assistant Platoon Commander Assistant Platoon Commander

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Chapter: SAR-21

“The SAR-21 (“Singapore Assault Rifle – 21st Century”) is a rifle designed and manufactured in Singapore. First revealed and subsequently adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1999, it was designed and developed over a four year period and was intended to replace the locally license built M-16S1 by the Singapore Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Singapore Army and the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics). Many of its design features are directly intended to counter the weaknesses of the M16S1 as encountered operationally by some infantrymen”.

-Wikipedia

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Introduction to the SAR-21

The SAR-21 assault rifle is a bull pup configuration rifle, utilizing a built-in optical scope that has minimal zeroing needs. It’s ergonomically designed, and the construction is modular, containing five basic groups – the barrel group, which includes what would technically be an upper receiver; a lower receiver fire control group that ST Kinetics calls an upper receiver; a bolt/operating group; and a magazine group. The SAR-21 utilizes M16/AR-15 magazines, as well as its own proprietary designed plastic see-through magazines. There are a number of variations of the SAR-21: there’s the SAR-21GL which has an M203 grenade launcher or a proprietary 40mm grenade launcher mounted to the basic rifle. The SAR-21 Modular Mounting System has a rail system with a standard Picatinny rail on top as well as a lower rail. The SAR-21P-rail, has a standard Picatinny rail on top with the normal SAR-21 forend. The SAR-21 Lightweight Carbine has a shorter barrel and forend. SAR-21 rifles are select fire, semiautomatic and fully automatic, and are gas-operated with a two lug rotary bolt. It is not an M16-style multi-lug bolt head – it’s more of a Kalashnikov-type bolt head. The SAR-21 feeds from 30-round magazines.

The rate of fire typically is 500 to 650 rpm. The integrated scope is a 1.5x optical, and there is an option to order with a 3x optical. The standard weapon length is 805 millimetre (32 inches). Standard barrel length is 508 mm (20 inches), the 20 inches being proper length for terminal ballistics for the 5.56x45mm (.223 calibre). The maximum effective range is considered 460 meters for the 1 in 12-inch barrelled rifling for firing M-193 cartridges. Firing the SS-109 cartridges, M-855, the SAR-21 utilizes a 1 in 7-inch barrel rifling, considered to have a longer range of 800 meters (875 yards). Optional accessories can be the built-in laser aiming device (LAD). It has a visible red dot or an infrared option. The end user can purchase blank-firing attachments, bore-sighting equipment, spent cartridge collectors, and a bayonet and adapter. The

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SAR-21 is considered to be very user-friendly. It’s a simple, very effective design, with an ambidextrous charging handle that is up on the inside of the optics on the standard model. On the P-rail and Modular models, the charging handle is moved down to the left-hand side. On the SAR-21 Lightweight Carbine, the charging handle is moved back up onto the top.

Rifle Weight

o SAR-21 (Unloaded): 3.82kg o SAR-21 (Loaded with 30 rounds magazine): 4.47kg o Empty Magazine: 0.12kg

SAR-21 Length

o Rifle Length: 80.5cm o Barrel Length: 50.8cm

Scope Magnification

o Optical Scope: 1.5X Magnification o Maximum Effective Range: 400m o Cyclic: 450-650 rounds/minute (rpm)

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‘Bull pup’ Design of the SAR-21

AND

A comparison – The Steyr AUG has the same bull pup design as the SAR-21.

‘Bull pup’ design describes a modern firearm configuration in which the magazine is located behind the trigger group and alongside the shooter’s face, so there is no wasted space for the butt stock as in conventional designs. This permits a shorter firearm length for the same barrel length for improved manoeuvrability, and also reduces the weight of the rifle.

Types of Ammunition

No. Type of Round Uses

1 5.56mm Live Rounds For day firing purposes

2 5.56mm Tracer Round For night firing purposes

3 5.56mm Blanks For training purposes

4 5.56mm Drill Round For practice purposes

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Characteristics of the SAR—21 Rifle

1. Air Cooled In devices generating heat, the cooling of the device is induced by increasing its radiating surfaces such that it is exposed to a greater current of air. 2. Gas Operated Gas operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate auto-loading firearms. This high pressure gases from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to extract the spent case and chamber a new cartridge. 3. Magazine Fed Magazine fed rifles are rifles that uses either its recoil or a portion of the gas propelling the projectile to remove the spent cartridge case, cock the rifle, load a new cartridge from the magazine and fire again repeatedly, as long as the trigger is held down or until the magazine is exhausted. 4. Closed bolt mechanism This refers to a rifle when ready to fire, a round in the chamber and the bolt and working parts are forward. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin or striker, fires the round. The action is cycled by the energy of the shot sending the bolt to the rear which extracts and ejects empty cartridge cases, the bolt then goes forward feeding a fresh round from the magazine into the chamber, ready for the next shot. 5. Bull-pup Design Bull-pups are firearm configurations in which both the action and magazine are located behind the trigger. 6. Semi/Auto Mode of Fire 7. Equipped with scope and Laser Aiming Device (LAD) A sighting aid for a weapon that precisely targets the ammunition’s point of impact. Simple devices give exact range, and complex devices guide the ammunition onto its targets. 8. Equipped with Gas Regulator This refers to a valve that automatically cuts off the flow of a gas at a certain pressure.

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Composition of the SAR-21

SAR-21 Components: Barrel Group

The Barrel

a. This is the same barrel as that used for the M16.

The Scope Housing

a. The 1.5X optical sight or scope is mounted inside the scope housing that also functions as the carrying handle. The lens of the scope is protected by 2 end caps. b. To further protect the optics, these end caps must always be inserted when conducted river crossing operations or during rain. Although the scope is waterproof, the use of the end caps helps to reduce and prevent damage.

Emergency Iron Sights

a. Located at the top of the scope housing are open iron sights for emergency uses (i.e. the scope becomes inoperable during operations). b. These emergency sights are effective only up to 100m.

Scope Adjustment Drums

a. Just like the M16, the SAR-21 also requires zeroing to increase accuracy. b. The adjustment drums are mounted on the scope housing and are to the rear of the emergency sights.

Elevating Drums

a. The elevation drum can be found at the top of the scope housing. b. This drum adjusts the Mean Point of Impact (MPI) up or down.

Windage Drums

a. The windage drum is found on the right of the scope housing. This drum adjusts the MPI lens left or right.

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SAR-21 Components: Upper Receiver Group

Guide Rails

The guide rails that help to guide and control the movement of the bolt carrier as the weapon cycles during firing.

Trigger Assembly

The trigger assembly is modular and can be easily replaced as a unit.

The Ejection Port

The trigger assembly is modular and can be easily replaced as a unit.

Protective Kevlar Plate

With the bull-pup design, the chamber is now next to the cheek/. To protect the operator from injury in the event of a chamber explosion, a special Kevlar plate has been installed. Kevlar is a special material used to make helmets and bullet proof jackets.

The Safety Button

The safety button is located in front of the trigger and can be easily reached with the forefinger or index finger. To make safe the rifle, the safety button is pushed from left to right. To fire the rifle, push the safety button from right to left.

The Rear Sling Point

A rear sing point located at the rear area and consisting of a slot that allows the sling to go through.

Magazine Catch/Latch

The magazine catch or latch is located at the bottom and to the rear of the magazine housing.

Forward Take Down Pin

As the name implies, this allows you to separate the upper receiver group from the barrel group

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Last Round Catch

After the last cartridge in the magazine has been fired, the magazine platform will rise, causing the last round catch to move upwards. This stops the bolt carrier from moving forwards when the last round in the magazine has been fired.

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SAR-21 Components: Bolt Carrier Group

The Guide Road and Piston

In simple terms, this guide rod and piston ensures that during firing, the bolt carrier only moves forward and rearward in a straight line.

The Bolt Assembly

This is a very important part of the bolt carrier group/ It provides the interface between the rifle and the cartridge to be fired. It facilitates feeding, extraction and ejection of the cartridge,.

The Cam Pin

Notice the cutting in the bolt assembly. The cam pin fits into this. Once the cam pin is fitted in, notice how the bolt rotates as it is pulled forward or push rearwards. This is the locking and unlocking process. Notice how the cam pin controls the rotation of the bolt.

The Firing Pin

This device causes the cartridge to fire. When the trigger is squeezed, it releases the hammer. When the firing pin is hit by the hammer, it propels the firing pin forward to strike the percussion cap that in turn causes the cartridge for fire.

The Cross Pin

Just like the retaining pin helps to prevent the firing pin from falling out, the cross pin does the same job. The only difference is that it cannot be removed and hence cannot be lost.

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SAR-21 Components: Lower Receiver Group

The Trigger Assembly

The trigger assembly is modular and is easily replaced as a system.

Last Round Catch

a. When the last cartridge in the magazine ins fired, the magazine platform will rise and lift the last round catch. This causes the bolt carrier to be held or ‘locked’ to the rear. This prompts the firer that his magazine is empty and needs to be changed. b. During a safety inspection, remove the magazine, pull the charging handle to the rear and push the last round catch into the housing. This forces the catch up and holds or ‘locks’ the bolt carrier to the rear. This leaves the chamber open for inspection. To release the bolt carrier, pull the charging handle rearwards and release (do not follow it

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Immediate Action Drills (IA)

I.A drills are executed in the midst of firing. The rifle will therefore be, by default, in ‘FIRE’ mode. Always check your rifle before being tested. If rifle is in SAFE mode, inform your instructor and ask for permission to change to FIRE mode.

Procedure: Half cock the weapon put to FIRE mode.

Different Types of Immediate Action Drills

No Feeding

This IA is executed when the round does not successfully enter the chamber of the rifle from the magazine.

1. Slap the magazine 2. Pull the charging handle 3. Release the charging handle 4. Shout ‘IA cleared sir/ma’am!

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Half/Double Feeding (When there are rounds jammed in the chamber of the weapon)

1. Put SAR-21 to SAFE mode 2. Take note the magazine 3. Tilt the rifle such that the ejection port is facing the ground (such that the trapped rounds can be safely ejected 4. Pull the charging handle 3 times fully. On the last pull, hold the charging handle and observe the chamber for any rounds 5. Shout ‘clear!’ 6. Release the charging handle 7. Put rifle to FIRE mode 8. Squeeze off 9. Put back magazine 10. Charge weapon 11. Shout ‘IA cleared sir/ma’am!’

Empty Magazine (When the rifle cannot fire as there are no more rounds in the magazine)

1. Put rifle to SAFE mode 2. Remove the empty magazine 3. Shout ‘empty magazine, check!’ 4. Pull the charging handle 3 times fully. On the last pull, hold the charging handle and observe the chamber for any rounds 5. Shout ‘clear!’ 6. Release the charging handle 7. Put the SAR-21 to FIRE mode 8. Squeeze off 9. Shout ‘loaded magazine, check!’ 10. Put in the ‘new’ magazine 11. Charge the SAR-21 12. Shout ‘IA cleared sir/ma’am!’

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Stripping & Assembling the SAR-21 (Why?)

Cleaning

The purpose of cleaning a firearm is to remove any foreign material that has accumulated on or inside of it during operation or exposure to the environment. The accumulation of propellant residue, projectile particles and environmental detritus can interfere with the mechanical function of the gun, contributing to mechanical wear and tear, and promote oxidation and corrosion of the guns components.

Lubrication

Lubrication prevents firearms from malfunctioning and protects metal parts from corrosion. Fire arms produce high momentary forces when they are fired. These high forces can often cause the oil layer between two parts to be squeezed out, resulting in grinding, which causes wear and tear.

Stripping of SAR-21

Always check that your rifle is in SAFE mode. It is an offense to disassemble a rifle whilst in FIRE mode due to breach of safety regulations. Should your rifle be in FIRE mode, request permission from your instructor to change it to SAFE mode.

1. Come to attention (sedia with rifle) 2. ‘Strip weapon, sir/ma’am!’ 3. Get into one legged kneel position 4. Depress the take down pin 5. Remove barrel group from the receiver group 6. Place the receiver group on the floor with ejection port facing up 7. Remove bolt carrier group from the barrel group 8. Place barrel group with gas regulator facing up 9. Lift up cross pin on bolt carrier group to remove firing pin and place it pointing down 10. Remove bolt cam pin 11. Remove the bolt 12. Stand up 13. Shout ‘weapon stripped sir/ma’am!’

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Assembling of SAR-21

1. Come to attention (sedia with rifle) 2. Shout ‘assemble weapon, sir/ma’am!’ 3. Get into one legged knee position 4. Insert bolt into bolt carrier 5. Insert bolt cam pin 6. Insert firing pin into the bolt carrier group and flush it down. Make sure the cross pin is secure. 7. Slide the bolt carrier group into the barrel group via the opening provided. 8. Slide the upper receiver assembly into the barrel assembly and depress the take down pin from the other side 9. Shout ‘safety mechanism check!’ after pressing trigger several times. You should not be able to ‘fire’ 10. Shout ‘firing mechanism check!’ after switching the rifle from SAFE to FIRE mode and press the trigger. You will hear a click sound. 11. Shout ‘sheer mechanism check! After pulling the charging handle, holding it there, pressing the trigger and holding it there, release the charging handle and finally releasing the trigger. You should hear a click sound. 12. Shout ‘rifle assembled sir/ma’am!’

The arrangement of SAR-21 parts upon stripping. Sizes are not to scale.

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Chapter: Individual Field Craft

‘The purpose of IFC training is to mould the recruit into a tough, reliant, fighting man capable of performing effectively as a member of the team; to help the trainee build and maintain an aggressive spirit – the will to close in and kill or capture the enemy. Most importantly, it teaches the trainee how to protect himself’

-SAF Recruit Aide Memoir

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Introduction

The jungle has a variety of effects on a military operation. Dense vegetation can limit lines of sight and arcs of fire, but can also provide ample opportunity for camouflage and plenty of material with which to build fortifications.

Jungle terrain, often without good roads, can be inaccessible to vehicles and so makes supply and transport difficult, which in turn places a premium on air mobility. The problems of transport makes engineering resources important as they are needed to improve roads, build bridges and airfields, and improve water supplies.

Description of Ground

Broken Ground

It is uneven and is generally interspersed with bumps and field in the ground. It is suitable for movement of infantry and also hinders observation of activities.

Flat and Open Ground

It is even ground with little cover (i.e. bushes, hedges and similar foliage). It is not suitable for movement of infantry by day.

High Ground

Ground far above the general level of the area (i.e. hills etc)

Dead Ground

Ground that is hidden from an observer’s view. It cannot be covered by flat trajectory weapons.

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Factors on Why Things Are Seen

The use of camouflage is to protect personnel and equipment from observation by enemy forces. In practice, this means applying colour and materials to military equipment of all kinds to conceal them from observation, or to make it appear as something else (mimicry). Vision is the main sense of orientation in humans, and the primary function of camouflage is to deceive the human eye. Camouflage works through concealment (whether by counter shading, preventing casting of shadows, or even disruption of outlines), mimicry, or even possible, by dazzle. In modern warfare, some forms of camouflage also offer concealment from radar and infrared sensors. The following are some factors that may expose personnel to unwanted observation:

Shape

Things are recognized instantly by their shape, particularly if it contrasts with the surroundings.

Shadow

In sunlight, an object will cast a shadow, which gives away its presence. For concealment, keep in the shade as much as possible. The shade provides concealment as there are no tell tale shadows.

Silhouette

The silhouette formed by your body makes a good and identifiable target.

Shine & Colour

Shine & colour will give away your position. Reflection of light off a shiny surface instantly attracts attention and can be seen at great distances

Movement

The eyes and ears are attracted to movement and noise, especially sudden movement. For concealment, movement and noise must be kept to the minimum and if need be, slow and cautious.

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Importance of Cover & Concealment

1. A soldier who is trained in both can locate and kill the enemy without being seen himself. 2. Ground observation of enemy provides one of the most valuable sources of information on which the plans of higher commanders are based. 3. In defence, good concealment enables a defender to mystify and deceive the enemy and in the event of an attack, repel the enemy by producing fire at a close range from an unexpected quarter.

Fundamentals for Correct Use of Cover

1. Whenever possible, look through the cover and not over it. 2. If it is not possible to look through the cover, look around it rather than over it. 3. If it is necessary to look over the cover, avoid breaking straight line. 4. The sky-line is the worst background you could choose, but if you cannot avoid observing over the cover and against the sky line, use something to break your silhouette. 5. When firing from inside a building, keep well back and make use of the shadow. 6. A rough, dark and irregular background which matches your clothing provides considerable cover from view. 7. Isolated cover is dangerous because it will attract attention of the enemy and can be easily indicated in a fire order. 8. Avoid the sky line at all costs. 9. Avoid regular spacing 10. Avoid gaps for fire position. 11. Cross gaps as a body at a irregular interval at the double.

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The distinguished features revealing shape are:

1. The outline of a solider 2. Smooth round top of the helmet 3. Not blending in with the background

Points To Take Note:

1. To camouflage effectively, the features of the shapes mentioned earlier must be altered. In camouflaging, it must not be too thin or over camouflaged. 2. When it is applied, you must feel comfortable. Your observation and use of weapon must not be hampered. 3. Sleeves must be rolled down so as to conceal the shine and the fair colour of the skin. This also provides basic comfort when in prone position. 4. The helmet shape is altered by the camouflage netting and additional vegetation. 5. No vegetation on the body whilst on the move. This won’t leave any tell-tale signs by camouflaged vegetation dropping off the body. 6. Camouflaging your face is also a must in order to blend with the body camouflage. Lookout for the following when camouflaging your face: 7. Protruding features on the face such as the nose and cheekbones are to be painted with a darker colour so that they will be less prominent 8. All exposed areas must be camouflaged including the ears, neck, part of the chest and not forgetting the lips due to its bright reddish nature. 9. Generally, the whole face should be camouflaged with the colour that matches or blends with the surroundings.

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Movement by Day

Objective

1. To understand how to move tactically by day based on the enemy’s situation and terrain. 2. To understand how to cross obstacles tactically by day.

Standard

1. Execute the different types of movement correctly 2. Move along the designated route and cross the obstacles tactically and correctly without being detected by the enemy.

Notes Regarding Movement by Day

To minimize the chance of being seen or heard by your enemy during movement, you should do:

1. Objective is to camouflage yourself and your equipment. 2. Tape or pad any parts of your weapon or equipment that rattle or are so loose that they may get entangled. Be sure that the tape or padding does not interfere with operation of the weapon or equipment. 3. Do not carry unnecessary equipment. You cannot move rapidly when weighed down. 4. It is important that you move by bounds. That is, short distances at a time. Halt, listen, observe, and then move again. This will also deplete the chances of enemy engaging you accurately with his rifle. 5. Look for the next spot where you will stop before leaving the concealment of one position. Observe the area carefully for enemy activity. Select the best area carefully for enemy activity. Select the best available route that will provide both cover and concealment to the new location. Also take advantage of any darkness, smoke or haze to assist in concealing your movement. 6. Change direction slightly from time to time. 7. When moving through tall grass, the grass might wave with an unnatural motion which attracts attention. The best time to move is when the wind is blowing the grass.

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8. If you alarm the birds or animals, remain in position and observe briefly. The flight or movement may attract the enemy’s attention. 9. Take advantage of the distraction provided by noises. 10. Cross tracks and trails where there is most cover and concealment. Look for a large culvert, low spot or a curve. Cross quickly and quietly. 11. Keep close to slopes for protection. 12. Avoid cleared areas to prevent being silhouetted.

The following are the various movements that soldiers may adopt when moving from place to place, as well as when to use the various movements.

The Walk

 When hunting an enemy in an area  When cover and concealment is about shoulder height.

The Rush

 When being fired upon by enemy and there is no cover and concealment is in prone position.  When moving from cover to cover.

The High Crawl

 When the route selected provides cover and concealment up to waist level.

The Low Crawl

 When the route selected provides low cover and concealment.

The Roll

 When cover and concealment is low in prone position.  When moving away from a prone position when being observed by the enemy.

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The Walk

The Walk can be sub-divided into 2 categories, the High Alert and the Normal Alert. Take note that the main difference between the High Alert and the Normal Alert is the difference in the speed of movement and positioning of rifle. The manner in which the leg moves stays the same.

1. Raise your master leg up to 90 degrees 2. Use that leg to clear any bush, grass etc using a sweeping motion 3. Place your toes of that particular foot, down on the ground and feel for a good spot (whether the ground is solid) 4. Slowly shift your weight to the front of the foot and repeat with the other leg

The High Alert

1. The High Alert will be adopted when the enemy is very near and contact with him is imminent. The rifle is held in the High Alert state with the butt at the hollow of the shoulder, ready to fire. This is for quick aiming and firing. Take note that finger will remain off the trigger for safety purposes. 2. Movement when adopting the High Alert is slow and cautious. 3. Rifle should be placed at the hollow of the shoulder.

The Normal Alert

1. The Normal Alert is used when you do not know where the enemy is. For ease and comfort, the extension sling is used. 2. Movement when adopting the Normal Alert is faster but cautious. 3. Rifle should be lowered to waist level and the extension sling may be used.

The High Crawl (Baby Crawl)

1. The movement is similar to that of a baby crawling on the knees and the hands 2. The rifle is held b the master hand with the barrel pointing in front 3. Make sure that the dust cover is facing upward and the muzzle is off the ground 4. Movement is by moving the right knee, followed by the left knee 5. Arms support the movement by alternating accordingly with the knees

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The Low Crawl (Leopard Crawl)

1. Keep your body as flat as possible to the ground 2. Hold your rifle in front, non master hand at the hand guard and the master hand at the small of the butt 3. Make sure that the dust cover is facing upward and the muzzle is off the ground 4. Move forward by alternately advancing your right elbow, left knee and vice versa

The Rush

1. Start from the prone position 2. Raise your head and select your next position 3. Draw your arms into your body and ensure that your right foot is kept forward such that the knee is almost 90 degrees 4. With one movement, raise your body by pushing forward with your foot and spring to your feet 5. Run to the next location and dive towards cover 6. Break your fall with the hand not holding the rifle 7. Re-adopt proper prone position

The Roll

1. The Roll is done while maintaining the prone position 2. Huge the rifle close to your body and roll left to right

 Ensure that you are not running for more than four second as this gives the enemy ample time to aim and fire at you.  Ensure that the rifle’s ejector port/dust cover is facing upwards and that the muzzle is not being dragged on the floor at all times.

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Judging Distances

Objective

To understand how to judge distances by day

Standard

State the distance to each object with no more than 20% error in the actual distance

Factors Affecting Judging of Distances

Seems Closer Seems Farther

Bright and clear day Rain, Hazy

Sun shining behind you Sun in front of you

Higher elevation Lower elevation

Large targets Small targets

Unit of Measure

1. Use your thumb nail as a form of a ruler to measure the size of your target. Stretch out the right hand with the thumb pointing upwards. Measure the size of the target against your thumb nail and remember it. 2. For a normal person, the size of a solider at 100m is equivalent to the size of the thumb nail. However, this will vary according to each individual.

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Halving Method

1. For distances beyond 300m, the halving method is used. First, pick a point between you and the target. Determine the distance to the halfway mark by using the unit of measure method and then double the estimated distance to find the range to the target. 2. When using this method the effect of terrain and weather conditions on target appearance need to be taken into consideration.

Target Indication

Objective

1. To understand how to indicate targets 2. To understand how to interpret target indications given by squad mates

Standard

1. Give accurate and clear target indication which members of his section must be able to locate within one minute of detection of the target. 2. Locate and engage the target within one minute of receiving the target indication.

How to Indicate a Target? (G.I.R.L)

Group (P) – Address the people you are trying to indicate the targets to.

Indicate (I) – Give the direction to look at.

Range (R) – Give the range (in meters) to the target.

Location (L) – Give the location/description of the target.

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How to Give a Command? (C.L.A.P)

Clearly (C) – Ensure that your platoon mates are able to understand what you are saying.

Loudly (L) – Ensure that your platoon mates are able to hear it.

As An Order (A) – Be firm with your commands and articulate your words.

Pause (P) – Ensure not to rush through the target indication.

Methods of Indicating a Target

Direct Method

The Direct Method is used to indicate obvious targets (most probably straight ahead) and the arc of fire (refer to image below) is known to all. This is the simplest of all methods.

 Group (G) – Platoon/Section!  Indication (I) – Straight ahead, coconut tree!  Range (R) - Three hundred meters!  Location/Description (L) – Enemy machine gun post!

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Clock Ray Method

1. Used when targets are difficult to identify. 2. This method uses a prominent reference point on the ground together with the clock ray reference.

During indication, it is imagined that there is a clock face standing up on the landscape with its centre at the reference point.

To indicate the target using ‘GIRL’, the range, the reference point and the appropriate hour (in the direction of the enemy) on the clock face are given.

 Group (G) – Platoon/Section!  Indication (I) – Straight ahead, coconut tree, 4 o’ clock!  Range (R) – Three hundred meters!  Location/Description (L) – Enemy machine gun post!

Finger Breath Method

Select a reference point near the target

Stretch out your left hand and close your right eye to measure the gap between the reference object to the target using the thickness of your fingers

Group (G) – Platoon/Section!

Indication (I) – Straight ahead, coconut tree, right, four fingers!

Range (R) – Three hundred meters!

Location/Description (L) – Enemy machine gun post at base of coconut tree!

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Field Signals

Accuracy is Vital

It is necessary that you use the hand that will provide the most effective signal. Ensure that the signals are passed clearly and accurately. Ensure that the man behind you has understood your signal by observing that he passes the same on.

Responsibility

It is the responsibility of every man to watch for field signals being passed forward or back. Tapping of butts, snapping of fingers and whistling should be avoided; they may attract attention and they also defeat the purpose of silent signs.

Observation

When passing signals relating to enemy, do not take your eyes off the enemy as it will jeopardize your safety. This particularly applies to forward scouts.

Method of Giving Signals

All signals must be relayed using the free hand and the weapon. The other hand must never be removed from the weapon during the passage of field signals. Both hands can be used to send field signals, as long as it served it’s purposes well.

Realism

Field signals should be used realistically. Do not be a slave to them.

Appropriateness

Field signals should be definite but not vigorous. Vigorous movement may often give away your position.

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No.1 Action Field Signal 1 Deploy Right arm fully extended above head and waved from

side to side, palm open.

2 Advance Right arm swung from rear to front in ‘under arm

blowing’ fashion.

3 Halt Right arm raised to full extent above head.

4 Turn About Right arm raised and bent above head.

5 Change Direction Right arm raised to front in line with shoulder. Body

then turned in required direction.

6 Close Right hand place on top of head, elbow to the right

7 Quick Time Right hand raised to line of shoulder, elbow close to

the side.

8 Double March Right fist clenched, moved up and down between

thigh and shoulder several times

9 Follow Me Right arm swung from rear to front above the

shoulder, in ‘over arm bowling’ fashion

10 Last Order Completed Right hand to salute, then arm raised in air finger

extended

11 Last Order Not Understood Both hands cupped behind ears

12 Commander To Close Right arm to the side at 45 degrees to the body, fist

clenched

13 Enemy In Sight’s Specific Both arms waved on sides ‘bird fashion’ followed by

Numbers number, indicated by number of fingers held up

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14 Enemy Approaching Both hands open, palm inwards at waist level with

inwards scooping motion

15 Enemy Position Suspected Hands, fist clenched rose to shoulder level, followed

by indication of direction

16 Enemy Firing Right hand thumb down signal

17 Attack Punching motion with right or left hand according to

direction of stack

18 Closed To Rendezvous Close sign followed by both hands clasped in front of

body at waist level

19 Infantry Obstacle Ahead Both hands crossed in front of body at the waist, palm

open downloads

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Chapter: Guiding Principles for Drill & Parades

Historically, the primary value of drill was to prepare troops for battle. Many drill movements have their origins in actual battle-drills used in tactical manoeuvres on the battlefield in the days of front loading rifles. Drill in those days enabled commanders to quickly move their forces from one point to another, mass their forces into a battle formation that afforded maximum firepower, and to manoeuvre those forces as the situation developed. Back then, units performed precise movement on the battlefield, and the army that performed them best often defeated the enemy by attacking from behind or from the flanks.

The Aim of Drill

The aim of drill is:

 To produce a soldier who is proud, alert and obedient  To provide the basis of teamwork

Purpose of Drill

The Purpose of drill is as follows:

 Enable a commander to move his unit from one place to another in an orderly manner.  As an aid in discipline training by instilling habits of precision, alertness, urgency attention to detail and a readiness to obey orders instantly. It also fosters the development of the moral qualities, which are essential to success in war.  Provide for the development of all soldiers in the practice of commanding troops.  When performed for ceremonial purposes, drill provides a meaning of enhancing the morale of troops and developing the unit’s esprit de corps. A parade will quickly instil the corporate unity of any body of men. In addition, parades allow the military to present traditional and interesting drill movement to the public through well executed parades.

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Guiding Principles for Parade

Laid below are some guiding principles for parades:

 It should commence with an inspection.  A strict observance of rank should be shown. Thus, a soldier who wishes to either join or leave a parade should report to the senior rank and request for permission to do so.  Walking across a parade ground is strictly prohibited to non-participants.  The form of parade and purpose should be planned beforehand by those who are to command it.  The parade should conclude with a dismissal to show respect to the senior rank on parade.

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Drill demands decisiveness and accuracy. In order to teach it effectively, you must have the following qualities:

Patience – Never lose your temper.

Enthusiasm – You must inspire your squad with a will to learn.

Consistency – Set yourself and the squad a standard. Do not deviate from it.

Empathy – Understand the squad’s problems. Praise readily but do not become familiar. Never humiliate individual members of the squad.

Personality – As a drill instructor, you must impress your squad with your personality and be in full control.

Teaching by Example

 Recruits imitate their instructors. It is through leading by example that they will learn best. Therefore:  When conducting drill, you should stand at ‘attention’.  When moving, march as you would wish your squad to march.  When demonstrating, do so smartly and correctly and, if the movement involves a rifle, pace stick, etc, use the article and nothing else.  Do not use foul language.  Your turnout must be impeccable.  Do not exaggerate a movement in a drill.

All words of command are to be given distinctly and with confidence and determination as they convey an order which is to be smartly and promptly obeyed. They must be loud enough to be heard by all concerned and an interval is to be observed, sufficient to allow the order to carry over the distance between the instructor and the trainees. Those responsible for giving orders are to be given frequent practice in delivering words of command to increase their confidence. A person giving an order is to stand at attention.

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How to Give a Command?

Words of command are to be given distinctly and with confidence and determination, as they convey an order, which is to be smartly and promptly obeyed. They must be loud enough to be heard by all concerned and an interval is to be observed, sufficient to allow the order to carry over the distance between the instructor and the trainees. Those responsible for giving orders are to be given frequent practice in delivering words of command to increase their confidence. A person giving an order is to stand at ‘attention’.

Words of command are to be given in two, sometimes three, distinct parts:

a. Introductory

The introductory words of command serve to generally advise personnel of an intention this is given in a clear deliberate level tone.

b. Cautionary

The cautionary word of command which gives imminent warning of a movement is normally a word of one syllable. This is to be given as a loud, extended call and for a large parade may need to last several seconds.

c. Executionary

This is immediately followed by the executive command (the signal for the movement to be carried out) which is to be given distinctly and sharply, care being taken not to lower the voice.

Executionary Introductory Cautionary

Bergerak Ke-kanan bertiga-tiga Kekanan, pu...... Sing!

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Certain executive words of command are not broken down into syllables. These are laid down in the following table:

Word of Command Quick Time Slow Time Remarks/What the Squad Calls Out “BERHEN-TI!” Left heel strikes the As the right foot “CHECK- ground. reaches the ground. IN’BANG!” (Quick Time) “ONE, TWO” (Slow Time) “KE-KANAN Left heel strikes the As the left foot “CHECK BANG!” PUSING!” ground. reaches the ground. (Quick Time) “LEFT, RIGHT, FORWARD” (Slow Time) “KE-BELAKANG Left heel strikes the As the left foot PUSING!” ground. reaches the ground “HENTAK KAKI “TAK” when the right “HEN” and “TAK” “CHECK-IN!” (Quick HEN – TAK!” heel strikes the will be given on the Time) ground. successive beats of “IN!” (Slow Time) the left foot as it reaches the ground. “MA-JU!” As the right toe As the left foot reaches the ground. reaches the ground. “TUKAR- “TUKAR” on the left foot, “LANGKAH” on The second movement LANGKAH!” the right foot (on successive feet). is executed in double time (Marking Time) “CHECK LEFT!” “TUKAR “JA” on the left foot, “LAN” on the right foot. LANGKAH CEPAT To be given over ten paces. JA-LAN!” This command is given on slow time.

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“TUKAR The executive command of “JA” is given on LANGKAH the left foot and “LAN” on the right foot PERLAHAN JA- consecutively. LAN!” This command is given on quick time. “BUKA/TUTUP “BUKA/TUTUP” and “BARISAN” drawn out BARISAN!” over the left and right paces respectively. “PANDANG KE- Command is given on the left foot (Quick “CHECK UP!” KANAN/KIRI, time) (Quick Time) PANDANG!” Command is given as soon as the right foot “UP!” (Slow Time) reaches the ground (Slow Time) “HORMAT This command is given in quick time only. KEHADAPAN, The executive command is given as soon as the HORMAT!” left foot strikes the ground.

Aids to Drill

Men in their early stages of training should call out the timing so that every member of a squad is able to regulate and judge the pause, thus enabling them to act on the command together with precision.

There are several forms of aids to drill:

1) Regulation Pause

One of the best methods for teaching correct pause of one drum beat in quick time between each drill movement is to order the squad to call the timing of drill movement aloud. This is the developmental stage and calling out the time will enable the squad:

1. To recognise the regulation pause between drill movements. 2. To learn to act and synchronise with each other. They must learn to keep still when calling out CHECK for the regulation pause. The ONE is the executive command upon which the drill movement is performed and the word CHECK represents the pause between drill movements.

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As the ability of the squad to perform the drill movement under instruction improves, the techniques of judging the time should be used.

2) Time and Pace (The length of pace and rates of marching in quick and slow time are as follows

Length of Pace in Marching

Quick/Slow March 75cm

Stepping Out 82cm

Stepping Short 53cm

Double Time 101cm

Side Pace 30cm

Half Pace 37cm

Rate of Marching

Quick March (Standard) 120 paces per min

Quick March (For Recruits) 140 paces per min

Slow March (Standard) 65 paces per min

Quick Time (Warm Up) 140 paces per min

3) Mechanical Aids

Mechanical aids are also available for the instructor to assist in obtaining synchronized and smart drill. They are:

1. The Metronome

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2. The Drum 3. The Pace Stick

a. The Metronome

This instrument helps to beat out the timing and to check the rate of marching for both foot and rifle drills. It can be set to any number of beats per minute. It should be used frequently to maintain uniformity over timings. The regulation pause should be checked against a stopwatch for accuracy.

b. The Drum

This instrument helps to perform several functions:

 Replaces Word of Command: A drummer can be used to assist in foot and rifle drills. The drummer should judge the regulation pause between the instructor’s cautionary word of command and his tap. The squad will react more sharply to the tap of the drum than the instructor’s command.  Replaces the beat of the metronome: When stationary foot drills and rifle exercises are being taught, the drummer with a metronome beside him will judge the regulation pause. Following the tempo of the metronome the drummer will tap the drum on every alternate beat.  Helps to regulate the marching pace: The drummer will beat the drum in synchronization with the tempo of the metronome. The instructor must have the drummer beat the time of the metronome and command CEPAT JALAN!

c. The Pace Stick

The division/formation/unit regimental sergeant major and drill Instructor usually carries a pace stick during parades and it is used for the following purposes:

 Measure the correct length of pace: Correct pace length is necessary, not only for ceremonial purposes, but also to reduce fatigue on long marches. It is used to set the

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standard of accuracy required of the soldiers. The RSM/DI should march alongside the leading soldier using the pace stick to control the length of pace.  Used as a Measuring Instrument: The pace stick can be opened and used as a measuring device for marking out the parade ground and distance between ranks of marching contingents.

Sequence of Parade

a. The parade sequence is as follows:  Parade Preliminaries  Parade participation formed up at the FUP  Pre-Inspection of turn-out of troops  Uncasing of Colours (if applicable)  Markers Call (RSM post the R/L markers)  Advance Call b. Parade marches on c. Parade Commander takes over the parade d. Arrival of the VIPs – Salute  Arrival Unit/Formation Commander (Hosting the Event)  Arrival of Reviewing Officer (Guest of Honour) e. Inspection by the Reviewing Officer f. March Past in Slow and Quick Time (Optional) g. Advance in Review Order and Paying Compliment to Reviewing Officer (Optional) h. Presentation=on of Awards/Prizes (if applicable) i. Speech by the Reviewing Officer j. March Off/Parade Dismissal

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Getting On Parade

To practice this movement, the squad will be at “Stand Easy” position. They will be in three ranks in “Close Order” with the front rank facing the direction in which they will get on parade. The right guide or right hand man of the front rank acts as the “Right Marker”.

“KANAN-PENANDA!” (“RIGHT MARKER!”)

a. On the command, “KANAN” (“RIGHT”) the whole squad getting on parade comes to “Stand at Ease”. b. On the command “PENANDA” (“MARKER”), the “Right Marker” springs to “Attention”, marches forward and halts on the fifteenth pace and stands at ease.

“SKUAD MASUK BARIS!” (GET ON – PARADE!”)

Both the “Right Marker” and the squad spring to “Attention”. The squad marches forward, halts on the fifteenth pace and “Dress”. All these movements will have the regulation pause between them.

When the squad is “Dressed” correctly, the men will look to their front (“Eyes Front”) and “Stand at Ease” in succession from the right by file.

Note

a. The command for the “Left Marker” is “KIRI-PENANDA!” (“LEFT MARKER”). Generally, Markers may be addressed as “PENANDA TANDA”. b. The distance which the squad comes forward may be shortened if the parade ground is small. c. A command of “SKUAD BERATOR!” (SQUAD, FALL IN) may be given. In this case, the squad will spring to “Attention” and march into the parade square with the right hand man of the squad taking the lead towards a pre-designated spot. The subsequent actions of dressing, eyes front and stand at ease is similar to “Getting on Parade”.

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Chapter: Drills

The Singapore Armed Forces (plus the Singapore Police Force and the Singapore Civil Defence Force) uses a unified system of drill commands across all three service branches. Formal commands are issued in Malay with informal conversation conducted in English. All drills are performed with feet stomping unless specifically instructed to perform ‘silent drills’. Singapore’s cadet organizations also uses the same commands. Malaysia follows a nearly identical system of commands.

Basic Foot Drills

S/N Drill English Translation Timing

1 Sedia Attention NIL 2 Senang Diri At Ease NIL 3 Rehatkan Diri Stand Easy NIL 4 Semula As You Were NIL 5 Keluar Baris Break Off Turn-Check, Check 6 Bersurai Dismissed Turn-Check, Check 7 Ta’at Setia Taking Of Pledge Up 8 Ke Kanan Lurus Right Dress Up-Check... 5,4,3,2,1 9 Ke Kiri Lurus Left Dress Up-Check... 5,4,3,2,1 10 Ke Dalam Lurus Inward Dress Up-Check... 5,4,3,2,1 11 Dalam Buka Barisan, Ke Open Order, Right Dress One-Check, Up Check... Kanan Lurus 5,4,3,2,1 12 Dalan Tutup Barisan, Ke Close Order, Right Dress One-Check, Up Check... Kanan Lurus 5,4,3,2,1

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13 Padang Ke Hadapan, Eyes Front Up Pandang 14 Ke Kanan Pusing Right Turn (on the halt) Turn-Check 15 Ke Kiri Pusing Left Turn (on the halt) Turn-Check 16 Ke Belakang Pusing About Turn (on the halt) Turn-Check 17 Hormat Kehadapan, Salute To The Front (on the halt) Check-Up Hormat 18 Hormat Ke Kanan, Hormat Salute To The Right (on the halt) Check-Up 19 Hormat Ke Kiri, Hormat Salute To The Left (on the halt) Check-Up 20 Jadikan Dua Barisan Form two ranks, take inward dress One-one check, up check Kedalam Lurus 21 Jadikan Tiga Barisan Form three ranks, take inward One-one check up check Kedalam Lurus dress

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Basic Marching Drills

S/N Drill English Translation Timing

1 Dari Kanan, Cepat Jalan From The Right, Quick March Left, left, left-right-left 2 Dari Kiri, Cepat Jalan From The Left, Quick March Left, left, left-right-left 3 Dari Dapan, Cepat Jalan From The Front, Left, left, left-right-left 4 Hentak Kaki Cepat Quick Mark Time Left, left, left-right-left Hentak 5 Dari Kanan, Perlahan From The Right, Slow March Left (two-three), Right (two- Jalan three) 6 Dari Kiri, Perlahan Jalan From The Left, Slow March Left (two-three), Right (two- three) 7 Maju Advance Forward Check-Bang/Left... left... left right left... 8 Tukar Lankah Masok Change step on the march Check-bang Berjalan.

Stand at Attention

“SEDI-A!”

The reason for these movements is to enable an individual or a body of men to form a base which all other movements can originate in a smart and uniform manner.

Stand with the heels together forming a V-shape. The feet are positioned at an angle of 30 degrees and the knees braced with the body erect. The arms are kept straightened at the sides with the forearms tucked in behind the hipbone and the wrists straightened. . The

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hands closed with the thumbs vertical and facing to the front and the back of the fingers touching the thigh just behind the seam of the trousers; shoulders held down and back to bring the chest to a normal position without straining or stiffening. The head held up with the neck touching the back of the collar and eyes open, still and looking just above their own height, the chin tucked in and mouth closed.

Common Faults

a. A strained position that constricts breathing. b. The body sags and the shoulders and arms tend to creep forward. c. Roving eyes. d. Bending the wrists and failing to clench the fists. e. Feet or body not squared to the front. f. Heels not together.

Stand at Ease

“SENANG DI-RI!” (“STAND AT EAST!”)

Keeping the right foot still and leg braced back, “bend the left knee” and drive the left foot to the ground 30cm (12 inches) to the left of the right foot. At the same time force the arms behind the back by the shortest route, keeping them straight. Place the back of the right hand in the palm of the left hand, with the right thumb crossed over the left. The fingers should point straight and be kept close together. At the same time transfer the weight of the body to the left so that it remains evenly balanced. The distance of 30cm is measured from the centre of the right heel to the centre of the left heel. Call out “ONE”.

Common Faults

a. Bending at the waist when moving. b. Allowing the arms to bend or sway away from the body when transferring to the back. c. Moving the right foot. d. Left foot less than 30cm from the right foot and not at the correct angle.

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Stand Easy

“REHATKAN DI-RI!” (“STAND EASY!”)

In this posture, the limbs, body and head are relaxed whilst executing the “Stand at Ease” position. The head and limbs must not move unless directed to do so by the instructor.

Common Faults

a. Moving the feet. b. Adjusting clothing, beret, sleeves, etc without an order.

Stand at Ease from Stand Easy

“SKUAD!”

Immediately on the command, the body is braced up into the position of At Ease.

Common Faults

a. Not pushing the chest out and arms down together.

Attention from Stand at Ease

“SEDI-A!” (“ATTENTION!”)

Keep the right foot still and the leg braced back; “Bend the left knee”, pull the arms to the sides in the quickest away. Assume the position of “Attention".

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Slow March to Quick March

Breaking into Quick Time March from Slow Time March

The reason this movement is taught is to enable an individual or a body of men to break into quick time from slow time march in a smart and uniform manner.

“TUKAR LANGKAH JALN CEPAT, JA-LAN!”

The entire word of command are to be given over ten paces, starting when the command “TUKAR” is given when the left foot reaches the ground and ends when the “JA-LAN” is given on the left foot in succession on the 9th and 10th pace. Take a pace with the left foot in “quick time march”, swinging the right arm forward and the left arm backward and continue marching in “quick time march”.

Words of TUKAR LANGKAH JALAN CEPAT *Pause* JA LAN Command Foot that Left Right Left Right L-R-L-R Left Right reaches ground No. Of 1 2 3 4 5, 6, 7, 8 9 10 Paces

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Quick March to Slow March

Breaking into Slow Time March from Quick Time March (QUICK MARCH TO SLOW MARCH)

The reason this movement is taught is to enable an individual or a body of men to break into quick time from slow time march in a smart and uniform manner.

“TUKAR LANGKAH JALN PERLAHAN, JA-LAN!” (“BREAK INTO SLO TIME, MARCH!”)

The entire word of command are to be given over ten paces, starting when the command “TUKAR” is given when the left foot reaches the ground and ends when the “JA-LAN” is given on the left foot in succession on the 9th and 10th pace. Take a pace with the left foot in “quick time march”, swinging the right arm forward and the left arm backward and continue marching in “quick time march”.

Words of TUKAR LANGKAH JALAN PERLAHAN *Pause* JA LAN Command Foot that reaches Left Right Left Right L-R-L-R Left Right ground No. Of Paces 1 2 3 4 5, 6, 7, 8 9 10

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Marking Time in Slow Time March

This movement enables a body of troops to remain in the position whilst on the march.

Slow Mark Time from the Halt

“HENTAK KAKI PERLAHAN, HEN-TAK!”

Raise the left knee and remain balanced on the right foot, with the left thigh horizontal, the foot hanging naturally with the toe directly under the knee. Immediately lower the left foot to the ground without driving it to the ground. As the toe comes to the ground, start to raise the right knee in a similar manner.

Common Faults

a. Not marking time on the same spot b. Increasing the rate of marching c. Stamping the foot

Halt from the Slow Mark Time

“SKUAD BERHEN-TI!” (“SKUAD – HALT!”)

Given when the left toe reaches the ground. Drive the right foot to the ground and ‘shoot the left foot forward’ and continue to slow march.

Slow Mark Time from Slow Time March

“HENTAK KAKI HEN-TAK!

The word of command “HEN” is given as the left foot reaches the ground and “TAK” on the next successive left foot. Complete a pace of 75cm with the right foot and mark time with the left foot.

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Arms Drills

S/N Drill English Translation Timing

1 Sedia Attention NIL 2 Senang Diri Shoulder arms to stand at ease One-Check One 3 Kaleh Senjata Change arm seats One-Check One-Check One- Check One 4 Rusuk Senjata Shoulder arms from the present One-Check One 5 Hormat Senjata Present arms from the shoulder One-Check One 6 Hormat Ke Hadapan, Saluting to the front or at the halt NIL Hormat 7 Tatang Senjata Port arms from shoulder (rifle One-Check One pointing outwards from your hip bone) 8 Bimbit Senjata Trail arms (rifle by your side) One-Check One-Check One 9 Julang Senjata High port arms One-Check One

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The Sizing Command

A correctly sized body of men will drill better together and give a better impression to the spectators. A squad of recruits will be sized early in its training. Level ground should be used for sizing.

A body of men is sized “tallest to the right, shortest to the left”, “tallest to the left, shortest to the right”, or “tallest to flanks shortest to the centre”. It is done by forming everyone into a single rank and grading them using the top of the head dress as a guide.

The sequence for “tallest to the flanks, shortest to the centre” is:

1) “YANG TINGGI KE-KANAN, RENDAH KE-KIRI, DALAM SATU BARISAN, PA-RAS!” (“TALLEST TO THE RIGHT, SHORTEST TO THE LEFT, IN SINGLE RANK – SIZE!”)

The squad turns to their right and break off as how they would for “Falling Out” to form a straight rank. When the instructor has graded everyone into his correct position, he will continue.

2) “DARI KANAN – BILANG!” (“FROM THE RIGHT – NUMBER!”)

“NOMBOR GANJIL SATU LANGKAH KE-HADAPAN, NOMBOR GENAP SATU LANGKAH KE-BELAKANG – GERAK!” (“ODD NUMBERS ONE PACE FORWARD, EVEN NUMBERS ONE PACE BACKWARD – MARCH!”)

The instructor must check this movement.

3) “ORANG YANG DI-SEBELAH KANAN DIAM, NOMBOR GANJIL KE-KANAN, NOMBOR GENAP KE-KIRI, BARISAN KE-KANAN DAN KE-KIRI PUSING!” (“STAND FAST THE RIGHT HAND MAN, ODD NUMBERS TO THE RIGHT, EVEN NUMBERS TO THE LEFT, RANKS RIGHT AND LEFT – TURN!”)

4) “JADIKAN TIGA BARISAN, CEPAT JA-LAN!” (“FORM THREE RANKS – QUICK MARCH!”)

The even numbers wheel through 180 degrees and follow the last odd number.

No.1 remains as the right hand man, No.3 becomes right hand man of the centre rank, No.5 the right hand man of the rear rank, No.7 becomes No.2 of the front rank etc.

On halting in position, each man turns to his front takes up his own “dressing” to the right and front and remains at “attention”.

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Forming Two Ranks

When body of troops is about to parade in two ranks but require three ranks in the preparatory stages, they should be sized in two ranks and then allotted their positions in three ranks (as opposed to being sized in three ranks and then ordered to “form two ranks”)

FORMATION OF SQUAD (U-SHAPE)

Advanced Drill

S/N Command Meaning 1 Platoon, sedia! Calls platoon to attention 2 Barisan kehadapan diam, barisan tengah kekanan Front row ‘diam’, middle row turns pusing, barisan kebelakang kekiri pusing, barisan right, back row turns left kekanan dan kekiri pusing! 3 Barisan tengah kenan belok, barisan kebelakang kiri Middle row to turn right, back row to belok, dari dapan, cepat jalan! turn left, march forward, march 4 Berhenti/ *Hentak kaki cepat hentak Halt marching, march on the spot 5 *Berhenti Halt marching 6 Barisan tengah separoh kekanan pusing, barisan Middle row to half turn to the right, kebelakang separoh kekiri pusing, barisan separoh back row to half turn to the left, turn kekanan dan kekiri pusing! 7 Platoon, senang diri! Platoon to stand at ease *Can only be done in platoon strength (>21)

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Numbering (1-5)

No. Malay English Translation 1 Satu One 2 Dua Two 3 Tiga Three 4 Empat Four 5 Lima Five

Directions (Front, Back, Left, Right)

No. Malay English 1 Kehadapan Front 2 Kebelakang Back 3 Kekiri Left 4 Kekanan Right

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Chapter: Colours Drill

A Short History of Colours

a. The origin of the customs of carrying Colours goes back to the days of early man, who fixed his family badge to a pole and held it aloft in battle for the dual purpose of indicating his position and acting as a rallying point. b. Colours have become the symbol of the spirit of a regiment, for they bear the battle honours and badges granted to the regiment in commemoration of the gallant deeds performed by its members from the time it was raised. This association of Colours with heroic deeds has caused them to be regarded with veneration. The fact that Colours are consecrated before being taken into use, and after service are laid up in sacred or public buildings, helps to maintain the atmosphere of veneration with which they are surrounded. c. And although Colours are not carried into battle in the way they used to be, they still retain all the tradition, glory, honour, pride and veneration of the past. Today, they are still paraded and trooped in today’s armies. d. The awarding of Colours to military units is an established practised of many National Armed Forces. The SAF is no exception; Colours are frequently paraded during auspicious and significant occasions. Traditionally, our State and Regimental Colours are paraded on National Day, SAF Day and on the Unit Anniversary Day parade, with proper Escort Party and Guard of Honour Contingents. e. In the SAF, Colours are awarded to units in commemoration of their achievements in the field of combat, training, administrative, operational efficiency and service to the community. The Colours also help to promote unit cohesion, esprit de corps and instil in the men of the unit a sense of pride and loyalty. f. There are two types of Colours in the SAF – known as the State Colours and the Regimental Colours. Regimental Colours are awarded to the Formation or Units about five years after its formation. They bear the appropriate crests/logos of the respective division/formation/unit and bear the honour in commemoration of its achievement.

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Parts of the Colours and its Accessories

The Colours, Pole with Pike and the Colour Belt

The following are to be introduced and explained:

Colours: The two main types of Colours in the SAF are:

1) State Colours – The State Colours incorporate the design of the state flag with the SAF, RSN, or RSAF crest emblazoned at the bottom right hand quadrant. All Colours are bordered with golden frills and matching tassels secured at the top of the pike. 2) Regimental Colours – These are coloured flags donning the colours and motif of units that have been awarded Regimental Colours. All regimental

The Colours Pole with Pike

The overall length of the pole is 2.48m and weighs 1.3kg. It is made of hard wood, surmounted with a solid brass pike and fitted with a solid brass base. The solid brass pike weighs 900g, measuring 24cm in length. The overall weight of the entire Colours is 3.1kg.

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The Colours Belt

The Colours Belt is white in colour and it is made of vegetable tanned leather. The Colours Belt can be adjusted in length to suit the height of the colour bearer (Colour Ensign). The length ranges from 1.56m to 1.85m and the width is 7.6cm. The belt comes with a brass chrome plated buckle with the Service crest welded/sewn on.

Casing and Uncasing the Colours

The RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer and the Colours Orderly will march towards the Ensign Officer, halt about three paces in front of him and salute.

When the RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer and the Colours Orderly cut away the salute, the Ensign Officer will lower the Colours to the horizontal position with the pike under the forearm and the back of the hand towards the ground.

The RSM/Conducting Officer will move forward, hold the top of the pike with the left hand and seize the bottom right hand corner of the Colours with the right hand. At the same time, the Ensign Officer will seize the bottom left hand corner of the Colours with the left hand.

Together, they will bring the edge of the Colours and place it over the top of the pike with the fringe also hanging over as the officer looks at it.

The same procedure will be adopted again with the next subsequent fare of the colours until the whole of the Colours rolled long the top of the pike. Care must be taken to ensure that there are no creases.

The RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer will then wrap the cord with the tassels around the Colours three times. The Ensign Officers will grasp the ends of the cord and pass round the pike.

The Colours Orderly will pass the leather case to the RSM/Conducting Warrant Officer and assist him to slip it over the Colour. Care must be taken to ensure that the Colours is not tucked in any way.

The Ensign Officer will now raise the cased Colours to the order position,

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Thereafter, the RSM/Conducting Officer will move back to be in line with the Colours Orderly, Together they will salute, turn to the direction of the unit and march.

Colours Drills

Position of Attention

At ‘Attention’ position, the Colours affixed on a Colours pole are to be held in a vertical position at the right side of the body, with the base of the pole resting on the ground in line with and against the right small toe. The right hand grips the colour pole at the lower corner of the Colours with the right elbow close to the side.

Stand at Ease

The movements are similar to the foot drills, except that the left, except that the left hand will remain at the side and the pole kept perpendicular to the ground on the right side.

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The Carry from the Order

The drill for the “Carry” is executed from the position of “Attention”.

“TEGAK PANJI PANJI – SATU!” (“CARRY COLOURS – ONE!”)

Lift the Colours with the right hand to the vertical position in front of the body. With the left hand, guide the base of the colour pole just above the socket. Counting the regulation pause, insert the pole into the socket of the colours belt while keeping the right forearm along the colour pole for control.

“SKUAD – DUA!”

Force the left hand smartly to the side. At the same time force the right forearm to a horizontal position simultaneously. The right hand is to be in line with the mouth, with the back of the hand facing front, wrist and forearm horizontal.

Full Sequence of the Carry from the Order

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The Order from the Carry

“TURUN PANJI-PANJI – SATU!” (“ORDER COLOURS – ONE!”)

Lift the Colours off the socket of the colour belt and control the base of the colour pole with the left hand. Simultaneously lower the right forearm onto the colour pole.

“SKUAD DUA!”

Lower the Colours to the position of the “Order”, grip the Colours and pole with the left hand, with the left forearm parallel to the ground.

“SKUAD – TIGA!”

Return the left hand to the side smartly.

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Lowering the Colours

“HORMAT PRESIDEN/ MENTRI/ PANGLIMA!” (“SALUTE PRESIDENT/ MINISTER/ GENERAL!”)

On the “cautionary”, the Colours will let fly by lowering and raising the right hand grip allowing the cloth of the Colours to be free.

“HORMAT SENJATA – SATU!” (“PRESENT ARMS SQUAD – ONE!”)

Lift the Colours well to the right and lower it with a sweeping motion downwards to a position in front of and in line with the right toe. The head of the pike is 15cm clear off the ground, with the Colours spread on the ground and to the right of the pike. (If strong wind is blowing from the right, carry the Colours well to the left and lower it with a sweeping motion to a position in front of and in line with the right toe. Then the Colours will spread to the left of the pike). The colour pole is held under the right armpit and the back off the hand towards the ground, and the right elbow close to the body. The Ensign will look to the front when lowering the Colours. The Colours are lowered in time with the musical salute.

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Note:

When the Colours is lowered on wet or muddy ground, the colour pole will be held horizontally in front of the body and resting underneath the right forearm. The colors will hang straight as shown.

The Carry from Lowering the Colours at the Halt

“RUSUK SENJATA – SATU!” (“SHOULDER ARMS – ONE!”)

Raise the Colours to the position of the “Carry”, guiding the base of the colour pole just above the socket of the colour belt with the left hand. Counting the regulation pause, insert it into the socket keeping the right forearm along the pole for control.

“SKUAD – DUA!”

Force the left hand smartly to the side and at the same time raise the right hand to a horizontal position.

Note:

The Colours should be raised with the right hand and pressure of the pole under the armpit. The body must not assist the raising the Colours.

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Change the Colours from the Right to the Left Shoulder

“KALEH PANJI – PANJI – SATU!” (“CHANGE COLOURS – ONE!”)

The left hand will grasp the colour pole and Colours close above the right hand.

“SKUAD – DUA!”

Bring the Colours to the front of the body.

“SKUAD –TIGA!”

Place the right hand above the left hand.

“SKUAD – EMPAT!”

Place the Colours on the left shoulder in the position as the right shoulder.

“SKUAD – LIMA!”

Force the right hand smartly to the side.

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Chapter: Pace Stick Drills

Introduction to the Pace Stick

The Royal Regiment of Artillery claims to be the originator of the pace sticks. In the early days, gunners in the field gun team used a ‘pace stick’ to ensure correct distances between deployed guns. This pace stick was more like a walking stick, with a silver or ivory knob. It could not be manipulated in the way laid down in the current drill manual, as it opened like a pair of callipers.

From this beginning, the British Infantry developed the pace stick as an aid to drill. Subsequently in 1928, the late Arthur Bran MVO MBE developed a drill for pace stick. The stick he used is still carried by the Academy Sergeant Major at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS) United Kingdom.

It is a tool that is used to measure the pace (distance taken in a marching step). It is also used by the Sergeant Major when laying out the marker points on a parade ground so that the troops turn at the correct point and finish up at the correct point on ceremonial parades.

The pace stick, carried by a Sergeant Major is a symbol of prestige and authority. The beholder is a trained instructor of Drill, Parade and Ceremonies. He holds the responsibility of teaching various drill movements and ceremonial proceedings of the parade to all ranks including Officers, thus illustrating his capability to acumen in terms of drills and ceremony.

The Pace Stick is the epitome of authority and rank. It is a recognition accorded to a Sergeant Major to carry out his primary responsibility of maintaining a high standard of Drill, Parade and

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Ceremonies, as well as upholding the highest standard of Regimentation and Discipline in the unit.

Use of a Pace Stick

The pace stick is used to gauge the correct length of pace and to measure the distance between files and ranks. It is a difficult instrument to wield and perfection of the art of turning it requires constant practice. The instructor should march beside the leading man of the squad with the pace stick open and turning, and control the length of pace. When the squad has progressed and is marching the correct length of pace, the instructor should periodically check the length of pace of marching behind them with the pace stick.

Parts of a Pace Stick

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The Method of Carrying the Pace Stick

The pace stick is carried, when closed either at the carry or the trail. At the carry, the pace stick is held naturally under the left armpit parallel to the ground with the point of balance under the armpit and the ferrules to the rear. The head of the stick is held in the left hand with the fingers extended together and slanting upwards on the left and the thumb straight on the right. The index finger runs parallel to the top of the stick with the second fingertip in line with the end of the stick.

Pace Stick Drills

At the trail, the pace stick is held at the point of balance in the right hand; thumb down on the left of the stick with fingers slightly curled together on the right. The stick is lightly cradled in the hand allowing it to swing with the movement of the arm. The stick is manipulated between the fingers and thumb so that it remains parallel to the ground at all times.

Position of Stand Easy and Stand at Ease with Closed Pace Stick

Stand Easy

To stand easy, the regulation pause is observed and the body is relaxed. With the left hand, the pace stick is lowered in quick time using an anti clockwise motion. The stick is placed on the ground centrally between the feet and level with the toes of the boots. The palm of the right hand is placed on the head of the stick, with the thumb to the rear. At the same time, the palm of the left hand is

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placed over the back of the right hand, with the thumb beneath the right wrist. The brass plate of the stick is pointing to the left.

Stand at Ease

On the command “BARIS!” the position of Stand at Ease is resumed. Using the left hand, the pace stick is taken well out to the left of the body and with a flick of the wrist in a clockwise direction; the stick is forced beneath the left armpit to the position of the Carry. The right arm is forced back to the right side of the body.

Position of Attention, Stand at Ease and Stand Easy with Opened Pace Stick

When the pace stick is opened, it is held at the right side with the right hand. The movements required for Attention from Stand at Ease and Stand at Ease from Attention are as follows:

Attention

On the command “Attention”, the left foot is brought into the attention position and at the same time, the rear leg of the pace stick is swung clockwise 180 degrees to the rear. The front shaft or leg of the pace stick is kept upright, with the shoe slightly to the right and level with the toe and the measuring bar pointing to the front. The stick is held by the right hand, just below the apex with the back of the hand to the right and the fingers together around both shafts. The thumb is nearest to the body

and the elbow sits against the sides of the body.

Stand at Ease

On the command “Stand at Ease”, the left foot is brought to the stand at ease position and at the same time the rear leg of the pace stick is swung anti clockwise to the front.

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Stand Easy

On the command “Stand Easy”, the position remains the same except that the body is relaxed.

Carry Stick

When holding the pace stick in the “Carry” position, the forearm is held parallel to the ground. The index finger is wrapped around the front leg of the pace stick and the remainder of the fingers and thumb are wrapped around the rear leg. The front leg of the pace stick is kept vertical.

Moving from the Trail to the Carry on the March

“CARRY STICK – ONE!” as the left foot strikes the ground, both arms are cut to the side of the body.

“CARRY STICK – TWO!” as the left foot again strikes the ground, the stick is forced up beneath the left armpit and the right wrist up against the left shoulder. At the same time, the head of the stick is seized with the left hand.

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“CARRY STICK – THREE!” as the left foot next strikes the ground, the stick is forced rearward to the “CARRY” (stick closed) position. At the same time, the right arm is cut to the side.

“CARRY STICK – FOUR!” as the left foot next strikes the ground, the right arm commences swinging.

Moving from the Carry to the Trail on the March

“TRAIL STICK – ONE!” as the left foot strikes the ground, the pace stick is pulled forward with the left hand. At the same time, the right hand is cut across the front of the body, grasping the stick at the point of balance, with the wrist up against the left shoulder and the knuckles uppermost.

“TRAIL STICK – TWO!” as the left foot again strikes the ground, the right hand is returned with the stick to the right side of the body. At the same time, the left hand is removed from the stick and cut to the left side of the body.

“TRAIL STICK – THREE!” as the left foot next strikes the ground, swinging of the arms is recommenced.

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Saluting with Pace Stick at the Carry

When saluting at the halt with the pace stick at the Carry, the left hand is cut to the side as the right hand comes up to salute. As the right hand is cut away, the left hand seizes the head of the pace stick.

When saluting to the left or right on the march, it is executed in the same manner as the lesson taught in the foot drill.

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Chapter: Drill Sequence & Lesson Plan

Drill Sequence

1. Form the squad for drill 2. Introduce the drill lesson 3. Introduce the aim and objective of the lesson 4. English and Malay word of command 5. Show a complete demonstration without explanation 6. Show a complete demonstration in stages without explanation 7. Show a complete demo on the first stage with explanation 8. Let them practice, observe their mistakes 9. Gather them and explain the common mistakes to the squad 10. Practice the 1st stage, and once it is okay, proceed to the next stage 11. Once all stages are completed, combine all stages for practice 12. The squad will execute the movement on your command and regulation pause. 13. Once good, the squad would execute the movement by calling the regulation pause. 14. Highlight the common mistakes made 15. Conclude by demonstrating to them the next drill lesson movement without explaining

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Sample of Mutual Teaching – Foot Drill (HALTING ON THE MARCH IN QUICK TIME)

Introduction and Aim

a. A stage further into the foot drill, I am going to teach you the “HALT on the march in quick time”. The command in Malay is “BERHEN-TI”. b. The reason this lesson is taught is to enable an individual or a body of troop to halt whilst on the march correctly and smartly in a soldier like manner.

Full Demonstration without Explanation

a. On the command “REHATKAN-DIRI” (“STAND EASY”), watch me as I will show you a demonstration of the movement. b. Instructor will demonstrate the movement giving the word of command “BERHEN-TI” at the same time judging the time of “CHECK-IN –BANG”. c. There, you saw a full demonstration of the movement.

Full Demonstration in Stage without Explanation

a. For easy learning and instructional purposes, this movement is broken into parts and each part is by numbers. Continue watching this way and I will demonstrate to you by numbers. b. The instructor will demonstrate by calling out the word of command and execute it by numbers: “BERHENTI DENGAN NOMBOR SKUAD BERHENTI – SATU, SKUAD DUA, SKUAD TIGA!” (“HALTING BY NUMBERS, SQUAD HALT, ONE, SQUAD TWO, SQUAD THREE”).

Demonstration in Stages with Explanation

a. Continue watching this way as I will demonstrate and explain to you the movement to be carried out on receipt of the word of command “BERHENTI DENGAN NOMBOR, SKUAD BERHENTI – SATU” (“HALTING BY NUMBERS, SQUAD HALT – ONE!”) b. Instructor will demonstrate the Stage One and at the same time explain the technique of the execution for this movement.

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c. “BERHENTI DENGAN NOMBOR, SKUAD BERHENTI – SATU!” (“HALTING BY NUMBERS, SQUAD HALT – ONE!”)

Given as the left foot strikes the ground. Complete a pace of 75cm with the right foot, and freeze with the right foot flat on the ground, the left heel raised, the left arm at the top of its swing forward and the right arm fully to the rear.

You the squad on the execution of this movement will now call out “SATU!”

Questions

a. Are there any questions?

Individual and Collective Practice

a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command. b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command. Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement correctly.

“SQUAD TWO!”

a. I left you in this position. Continue watching this way, as I will demonstrate to you the actions to be carried out on receipt of the word of command “SKUAD DUA!”

“Shoot the left foot forward” half a pace of 15 inches (37cm) placing the foot flat on the ground with the right arm at the top of its swing forward and the left arm fully to the rear.

You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “DUA!”

Questions

a. Are there any questions?

Individual and Collective Practice

a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command.

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b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command. Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement correctly.

Common Fault

The left knee is not braced when shooting the left foot forward.

“SQUAD THREE!”

a. I left you in this position. Continue watching this way, as I will demonstrate to you the actions to be carried out on receipt of the word of command “SKUAD TIGA!”

“SKUAD TIGA!”

1. “Bend the right knee” and drive it down in double time beside the left foot. At the same time, force both arms into the side of the body in a ‘scissor-like’ manner to assume the position of “Attention”. 2. You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “TIGA!”

Questions

a. Are there any questions?

Individual and Collective Practice

a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command. b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command. Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement correctly.

Common Faults

a. Bending at the waist when bending the right knee. b. Exaggerating the movement of the right arm when bending the right knee.

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c. Incorrect balance on completion of the halt. d. Not bringing the arms sharply to the sides.

Demonstration by Judging the Time

a. Continue watching this way, as I will show you a complete and final demonstration of the movement. b. The instructor will demonstrate by giving the word of command, “BERHEN-TI!” at the same time judging the time of “CHECK-IN-BANG!”

Questions

a. Are there any questions?

Individual and Collective Practice

a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command. b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command. Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement correctly.

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Sample of Mutual Teaching – Arms Drill (M-16S1)

Introduction and Aim

a. A stage further to the arms drill, I’m going to teach you the “SHOULDER ARMS FROM THE ORDER”. The command in Malay is “RUSOK SENJA-TA”. b. The reason this lesson is taught is to enable an individual or a body of troops to execute this movement correctly and smartly in a soldierly manner.

Full Demonstration without Explanation

a. On the command “REHATKAN-DIRI”, watch me I’m going to show you a full demonstration. b. The instructor demonstrates the movement giving the word of command “RUSOK SENJA-TA”, at the same time calling out the time of “ONE, CHECK, ONE!”

Full Demonstration in Stages without Explanation

a. For easy learning and instructional purposes, this movement is broken into parts and each part is numbered. b. The instructor will demonstrate giving the word of command “LATEHAN SENJATA DENGAN NOMBOR RUSOK SENJATAE – SATU, SKUAD DUA!”

Demonstration in Stages with Explanation

a. Continue watching me, I will demonstrate and explain to you the movements “LATEHAN SENJATA DENGAN NOMBOR RUSOK SENJATA-SATU!” b. The instructor will demonstrate the stage on and at the same time explain the techniques of the execution for this movement. c. “LATEHAN SENJATA DENGAN NOMBOR RUSOK SENJATA – SATU!” 1. With the flick of the right wrist throw the rifle up to the front of the right shoulder, releasing it when the hand is level to the waist.

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Straighten the right arm to strike and seize the pistol grip with the thumb round the pistol grip and the back of the hand to the right. At the same time, force the left hand across the body and with the forearm horizontal, strike and grip the stock, forcing the rifle into the shoulder, with the back of the hand to the front, and the thumb behind the stock. The rifle is vertical with the magazine to the front.

2. You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “SATU!”

Questions

a. Are there any questions?

Individual and Collective Practice

c. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command. d. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command. Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement correctly.

Common Faults

a. Not release the rifle soon enough for both hands to seize it at the same time. b. Moving the right shoulder backwards. c. Butt too far forward.

“SQUAD TWO!”

b. I left you in this position. Continue watching this way, as I will demonstrate to you the actions to be carried out on receipt of the word of command “SKUAD DUA!”

“SKUAD DUA!”

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Force the left arm to the position of Attention by the shortest route, closing the palm on the way. At the same time, force the butt of the rifle to the rear so that the right thumb is in line with the seam of the trousers.

You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “DUA!”

Questions

a. Are there any questions?

Individual and Collective Practice

a. Practice individually or in pairs by calling out the correct word of command. b. The trainees will practice individually or in pairs, calling out the words of command. Instructors will check for common faults. Assemble the trainees. Highlight common faults and practice them in squad level until they are able to execute the drill movement correctly.

Common Faults

a. Not keeping the elbow close to the body and the thumb in line with the seam of the trousers when forcing the arm to the side. b. Pulling the rifle butt too far back or not far enough. c. The foresight tip is not touching and in the hollow of the right shoulder.

Demonstration by Judging the Regulation Pause

a. You have learnt the “SHOULDER ARMS FROM THE ORDER” in stages. Now, I will show you a complete and final demonstration of the movement by judging the regulation pause. b. The instructor will demonstrate giving the word of command “RUSOK SENJA-TA!” (at the same time, call out the time of “ONE CHECK ONE” c. You the squad on the execution of this movement will call out “ONE CHECK ONE”, moving only on the “ONE”.

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MARCHING SONGS

I Ask My Girl

Stanza 1: Stanza 2: Stanza 3: Stanza 4:

I ask my girl We had fillet When I book in I want to cry

To take a walk And apple pie I felt lovesick I want to die

To take a walk We share a cup I couldn’t eat After some time

Down Orchard Road Of lemon lime I couldn’t sleep I changed my mind

Bypass Mandarin Holding her hand Pick up hand phone I told myself

To Centre Point Look into her eyes I call her home Oh what the ____,

Where we had lunch I ask my girl Her mama said Next time book out

At MacDonald To be my valentine She’s not at home I try my luck

Stanza 5: Stanza 6:

There was this girl, There was one night,

Who wears no bra, There was no light,

Her ___ so big, There was no light,

Can see from far, So we use torchlight,

I asked her out, Torchlight no light,

She said ‘ok lah’, So use star light,

So off we go, Star light not bright,

To Hotel Shangri-la. So use purple light.

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Purple Light

Stanza 1: Stanza 2:

Purple light, in the army SOC, sibei jialat

That is where, I wanna be 5BX, lagi worse

With my friends, best companions Every day, doing PT

With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone) With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone)

Stanza 3: Stanza 4:

Booking out, saw my girlfriend ORD, back to studies

Saw her with, with another man Got degree, so happy

Beat the man, rape my girlfriend Can’t forget, days in army

With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone) With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone)

Stanza 5:

Purple light, at the war front

That is where, my buddy died

If I die,

Will you bu-ry-me

With my rifle and my buddy and me (everyone)

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A.I.R.B.O.R.N.E Down By The River (continued from A.I.R.B.O.R.N.E)

A is for airborne Down by the river

I is for in the sky Took a little walk

R is for rough and tough Ran into some terrorist

B is for born to fly Had a little talk

O is for on the go Push them (hard!) Push them (hard!)

R is for ready Into the river

N is for never quit Let them drown

E is for everyday We don’t need no terrorist

Hanging around

C-130 Rolling Down The Street

Stanza 1: Stanza 2:

C-130 rolling down the street If this chute doesn’t open wide

Airborne troopers take a little trip I have another one just by my side

Stand up hook up shuffle to the door If this one doesn’t open too

Jumping down by the count of 4 Satan look out, I’m coming for you

Stanza 3: Stanza 4:

If I land in on the Russian front If I die in the Vietnam war

Bury me with a Russian gun Send me back with a Vietnam whore

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Stanza 5: Stanza 6: Stanza 7:

If I die in Sentosa If I land in the old folk’s home Tell my girl i’ve done by best

Send me home in cable car Box me up and ship me home Silver wings up on my chest

Tell my mama i’ve done my best

Now it’s time to take a rest

Left-Toe, Right Toe Training To Be Soldiers

Left toe right toe keep up the tem-po Training to be soldiers

Left toe right toe oh-way-oh, oh way-oh Fight for our land

Once in our lives

Two years of our time

Here we go again

Same old street again Have you ever wondered

Up and down this avenue Why do we serve

_____ more days/hours/minutes and we’ll be through Because we love our land

And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone)

Way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-wah hah

Way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-way-oh-wah hah hah Looking all around us

People everywhere

Children having fun

While we are holding guns

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Have you ever wondered Training in the jungle

Why do we serve Spiders everywhere

Because we love our land Wild boars having fun

And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone) While we are holding guns

Have you ever wondered Walking down Orchard Road

Why do we serve Ah bengs everywhere

Because we love our land Ah lians having fun

And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone) While we play with their buns

Have you ever wondered Stand... up

Why do we serve Feet on the ground

Because we love our land Come on everybody

And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone) Do your pa-art

Have you ever wondered?

Why do we serve?

Because we love our land

And we want it to be free, to be free, yah! (everyone)

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Count By The (only on hentak) Motivation

Count by the, count by the left foot down lah Bang bang left foot!

One! (Everybody) I wanna hear your left foot!

Can’t hear you lah! Bang bang your left foot!

Two! Yea I said your left foot!

Speak/shout louder lah!

Three! Moti moti we got a lot of motivation!

That’s better lah! Dedi dedi we got a lot of dedication!

Four! Motivation!

All together now! Dedication!

To the corps!

One-two-three-four, Whose corps?

NCC, NCC, all the way! (hey!) Your corps!

We like it here, we like it here, we’ve found ourselves a home! My corps!

A home (home) Our corps!

A home sweet home! NCC!

All the way!

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Cold Wind Blows

Stanza 1: Stanza 2: Stanza 3:

In the early morning march In the early morning run In the early morning row

With a backpack on my back With a backpack on my back With a paddle in my hands

With an aching in my heart With an aching in my heart With an aching in my heart

And my shirt is full of sweat And my shirt is full of sweat And my shirt is full of sweat

Stanza 4:; Stanza 5: Stanza 6:

In the early morning shoot I’m a long, long way from home I know, I know

With a rifle in my hands And I miss my momma so You have, to go

With and aching in my heart In the early morning march So hurry back home and my palms are full of sweat When the cold wind blows I know, I know

When the cold wind blows You have, to go

When the cold wind blows So hurry back home

When the cold wind blows Cus’ I miss you so

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Anglo Chinese School (Barker Road), National Cadet Corps (Sea)

Leadership Competency Model Guide

Leadership competencies describe the behaviours that are essential for a cadet to achieve his or her maximum leadership potential. In a sense, leadership competencies define the skills and abilities that all cadets should demonstrate in order to achieve their desired results. Leadership competencies are directly aligned with and support the primary goals and strategies of the organization as well.

Self Interpersonal Conceptual Mission Developmental (1.0) (2.0) Thinking Oriented (5.0) (3.0) (4.0) Self Awareness Social Critical Thinking Organizational Developing (1.1) Awareness (3.1) (4.1) Individuals (2.1) (5.1) Self Management Relationship Creative Responsible Team Building (1.2) Management Thinking Decision Making (5.2) (2.2) (3.2) (4.2) Personal Mastery Execution (1.3) (4.3)

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1. Self Competency

The Self Competency domain consists of Self Awareness, Self Management and Personal Mastery. It includes elements of emotional intelligence, emotional self- awareness, emotional self management as well as skills that support personal mastery, such as seeking and receiving feedback, personal reflection, assessment of current reality and personal visioning, and goal setting. The essence of Self is the development of a charismatic, self aware, self confident leader who is a respected, likable role model and creates a unique differentiator of his or her presence through behavioural flexibility and personal credibility. Additionally, this leader’s elevated level of mental alertness and emotional resilience allows him

or her to sustain high performance under high pressure.

Self Awareness

 The recognition of one’s moods, emotions, drives and their effects on the self as well as the comprehension of one’s strengths and limitations.

Self Management

 The ability to control one’s emotions and impulses when necessary, as well as the flexibility in cognitive-behavioural faculties in response to stress and uncertainty.

Personal Mastery

 The dedication to personal improvement in order to transcend one’s flaws and stereotypes, as well as the self-confidence to question one’s character to elevate one’s degree of consciousness.

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2. Interpersonal Competency

The Interpersonal Competency domain consists of Social Awareness and Relationship Management. lt refers to the skills required to develop and maintain effective working and personal relationships by showing consideration, concern and respect for other. The purpose of Interpersonal competencies is to develop a leader who is a good listener, provides opportunities for others to give input, and conveys key points being communicated. His or her interactions with others are based on respect and an appreciation that people with varying background and viewpoints add value to the organisation. Through persuasion and assertiveness, he or she gains support for ideas and initiatives, and effectively influences peers and superiors. He communicates in a compelling and articulate manner that instils commitment, and adapts his communication to ensure that the audience understands the key messages.

Social Awareness

 The recognition of others' moods, emotions and drives, the understanding of the interpersonal effects of such phenomena, the recognition of personal responsibility in society, as well as the ability to empathise with others' concerns and problems.

Relationship Management

 The ability to communicate effectively with one's peers, exchange ideas clearly, as well as establishes and maintains friendly rapport.

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3. Conceptual Thinking Competency

The Conceptual Thinking domain consists of Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking. It represents the cognitive capacity of a leader to understand and responds to the complexities inherent in the environment. The cognitive capacity of a leader allows him or her to scan the environment and make sense of the input, understand complex and divergent issues, and to interpret key messages and trends. He can maintain order within chaos, solve problems, and respond to challenges with innovation. He or she may use past experiences, information from non-traditional fields and nonlinear thinking to generate fresh perspectives and imaginative ways to succeed.

Critical Thinking

 The ability to identify, define and solve present and potential problems via analytic and logical processes while drawing on all sources of information, past experiences, so as to also consider the consequences of any decisions made, as well as the relation of such problems to a larger cause.

Creative Thinking

 The capacity to envision various potential futures and think creatively of means to actualise such futures, as well as innovative methods to resolve problems and facilitate breakthroughs in deadlock situations.

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4. Mission-Oriented Competency

The Mission-Oriented domain consists of Organisational, Responsible Decision Making and Execution. lt represents a leader's ability to understand the intent of his task, and effectively plan to ensure a successful outcome. He or she develops contingency plans to deal with potential negative outcomes. He or she is able to manage a number of problems simultaneously and remains focused in the face out multiple distractions. He or she copes well is ambiguity and is able to make decisions even when not all the facts available.

Organisational Decision Making

 The ability to plan for missions through an understanding of their intents, and to develop plans to ensure that they are executed in a timely manner, while maintaining the flexibility to modify plans for mission success.

Responsible Decision Making

 The understanding of the art and science behind decision making to make optimal rational decisions objectively, decisively and confidently, even in the absence of complete information

Execution

 The leadership to maintain decisive command and control during missions, as well as the mental capacity to monitor changes in the situation, and hence adapt to them to achieve mission success.

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5. Developmental Competency

The Developmental domain consists of Developing individuals and Team Building. This competencies is desired at three levels in the leader; individual, team and organisation. At the individual level, he or she develop subordinates trough effective coaching and mentoring. He or she develops team capabilities by harnessing individual strengths and diversity of views to enhance the output of the team; he or she unifies the team by focusing on common goals, and clarifying roles, rules and relationships. At the organisational level, he or she adheres to core values and strives to impart them to their subordinates.

Developing Individuals

 The interest in and ability to develop individuals under one's leadership to motivate and inspire them to mature and strive towards their maximum potential.

Team Building

 The leadership to foster the spirit of comradeship and trust within a team, with members who are strongly unified and motivation.

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NCC Behavioural Descriptors

Self Competency

1 .1 Self Awareness

Novice

o Does not recognise own strengths and weaknesses. o Reluctant to discuss one's weaknesses. o Uncomfortable in talking about one's weaknesses. o Unable to discuss future ambitions and plans. o Does not recognise how own behaviour is influenced by own emotions.

Intermediate

o Aware of own emotions and impact on self. o Demonstrates and understand of one's own strength and limitations o Demonstrates humility. o Is comfortable with talking about one's strengths and weaknesses. o Knows when to ask for guidance and support. o Able to provide general intention of what to achieve in life.

Proficient

o Develops a deep understanding on one's strengths and weaknesses. o Prepares plans to achieve eventual goals in life.

1.2 Self Management

Novice

o Unable to control impulse and acts rashly solely under the influence of emotions. o Unable to control own emotions on self to achieve mental clarity.

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o Demonstrates strong anxiety when thrust into unfamiliar situations. o Is unable to function under stressful situations. o ls unable to cope with unfamiliarity.

Intermediate

o Able to remain calm and composed under stress. o ls able to suppress impulse and emotion to think logically. o Adapts to unfamiliarity by leveraging on own strengths.

Proficiency

o Recognizes influence of emotions on decisions and compensates accordingly. o Readily adapts to unfamiliar scenarios through the application of proficiency self awareness. o Posses the willpower to do what is required, despite being unwilling to do so.

1 .3 Personal Mastery

Novice

o Does not periodically reflect on one's actions and reaction. o Intolerant beliefs and values that differ from one's own. o Experiences significant self-doubt in one's character. o Reacts negatively to criticism.

Intermediate

o Demonstrates humility o Self confidence in one's beliefs and abilities. o Leverages on one's strengths to achieve success. o Willing to talk about one's character. o Comfortable with talking about one's character.

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Proficient

o Actively seeks feedback to examine strengths and flaws in one's character. o Assess oneself accurately and realistically. o Always seeks to improve one self.

Interpersonal Competency

2.1 Social Awareness

Novice

o Ignorant of the impact of one's moods, emotions and drives on others. o Insensitive to the feelings of one's peers. o Unwilling to conform to basic rules or social etiquette. o Unable to control output of vulgar language. o Uncaring for the less fortunate.

Intermediate

o Tempers one's own responses based on reactions of others o Maintains the basic discipline to follow instructions o Willing to listen to the laments of one's peers without imposing snap judgements

Proficient

o Able to detect and respond to non-verbal cues. o Able to evaluate the consequences of various responses to select optimal reply. o Actively seeks to be involved in community activities.

2.2 Relationship Management

Novice

o Uncertain of methods to engage in social interaction. o Active listening skills are limited.

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o Unable to express oneself with self-confidence. o Unable to express oneself with clarity and structure. o Unable to respond to questions due to lack of knowledge or fluent thinking. o Requires guidance to respond and speak properly.

Intermediate

o Able to communicate confidently. o Able to present ideas in an organised and timely manner. o Ensures accuracy and relevancy of information in conversation. o Emphasises pertinent issues. o Seeks intelligent feedback. o Actively seeks to clarify doubts. o Maintains eye contact with audience.

Proficient

o Facilitates two-way communication to ensure understanding. o Able to utilise training aids effectively. o Able to respond intelligently without hesitation. o Style of presentation inspires credibility and confidence in audience. o Seeks to establish varied contacts.

Conceptual Thinking Competency

3.1 Critical Thinking

Novice

o Incapable of obtaining all sources of information. o Unable to conduct proper analysis without assistance. o Unable to clearly define problem. o Conclusions lack analytical justification. o Unable to produce complete set of tasks to actualise solution.

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o Unable to prioritise tasks in solution. o Unable to identify most critical issues.

Intermediate

o Considers all available information in analysis. o Identifies relevant data. o Analysis of information is logical and sound. o Completes analysis in an expedient manner. o Clearly defines parameters of present problems. o Develops and analyses various courses of actions to select a realistic one. o Completes set of prioritised tasking for solution. o Aware of rationale methodology to conduct analysis. o Identifies overarching issues and problems.

Proficient

o Conducts detailed background research. o Analyses consequences of solutions to pre-empt potential future problems. o Analysis accounts for 2nd or 3rd order effects, or unknown variables of solution. o Demonstrates situational awareness in understanding broader implications of problems and solutions. o Selects optimal course of action with consideration to the macroscopic structure. o Able to make logical assumptions to aid analysis. o Able to relate principles learned to other situations. o Courses of actions and solutions demonstrate complete understanding of issues involved.

3.2 Creative Thinking

Novice

o Minimally able to overcome a fixed mindset. o Does not question the status quo. o Marginally open to other sources of input. o Has difficulty generating own ideas.

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o Unable to develop and elaborate on ideas. o Solutions generated are incomplete.

Intermediate

o Envisions solutions to improve present state. o Awareness of brainstorming techniques. o Willing to incorporate new ideas. o Open to feedback on own creative ideas and proposals. o Develops innovative solutions that work. o Avoids maintaining a fixed mindset.

Proficient

o Actively seeks feedback. o Vast openness to new ideas and experimental efforts. o Highly innovative ideas that facilitate highly effective solutions. o Multiple workable solutions are developed. o Able to rationalise ideas to convince other.

Mission-Oriented Competency

4.1 Organisational

Novice

o Unable to comprehend mission objective. o Unable to understand intent of superiors for mission. o Unable to identify and prioritise tasks for planning without guidance. o Does not seek proper assistance when faced with difficulty. o Unable to focus on mission. o Plan is incomplete.

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Intermediate

o Identifies and prioritises tasks. o Sets clear and realistic objectives. o Addresses coordination issues to plan for concurrent activities. o Identifies problems and seeks assistance for their resolution. o Incorporates feedback in plan. o Develops detailed action plan. o Assigns tasks appropriately in plan. o Develops feasible action plan. o Aware of appropriate planning methodology.

Proficient

o Provides solutions when requesting assistance. o Displays significant initiative. o Understands consequences of actions in plan to optimise use of time. o Select optimal plan. o Develops contingency plans. o Plan displays situational awareness of the big picture. o Pre-emptive actions are taken to preclude problems. o Plan optimises use of time.

4.2 Responsible Decision Making

Novice

o Difficulty in analyzing situation. o Decision-making requires assistance. o Unable to make timely decisions. o Poor judgment demonstrated. o Decisions do not lead to a feasible outcome.

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Intermediate

o Decisions are optimal. o Decisions are timely. o Displays sound judgment. o Demonstrates situational awareness in decision-making. o Decisions consider all relevant factors. o Decisions include input from others. o Decision considers all available options.

Proficient

o Able to foresee consequences of decisions and craft appropriate contingency plans. o Ability to make correct decision with limited information. o Decisive and committed to decisions. o Decisions take into account benefits, risks and consequences.

4.3 Execution

Novice

o Experiences difficulty in preparing for and presenting a briefing 0 Unable to issue clear commands and directions. o Mission not completed on time. o Requires supervision and prompting to maintain standards. o Unable to focus on mission. o Demonstrates limited supervision over subordinates. o Has difficulty managing time. o Unable to supervise concurrent activities.

Intermediate

o Maintains focus on mission. o Situational awareness shown. o Accomplishes assigned tasks.

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o Able to reinforce standards. o Able to transmit instructions clearly and confidently. o Able to update subordinates on situation. o Orchestrates concurrent activities. o Maintains command and control.

Proficient

o Demonstrates strong initiative. o Identifies potential problems and acts pre-emptively. o Inspires confidence and motivation in subordinates. o Encourages open discussion when appropriate. o Adapts readily to changing situation. o Demonstrates care for fellow cadets. o Efforts result in team performance.

Developmental Competency

5.1 Developing Individuals

Novice

o Unwilling or unable to coach peers on their limitations. o Unable to provide constructive feedback on peer's performance. o Experiences difficulty in empowering subordinates. o Fails to recognise and congratulate the achievements of peers for the sake of motivation.

Intermediate

o Recognises individual styles and differences of peers. o Promotes sharing of knowledge and experiences.

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Proficient

o Promotes leadership opportunities by empowering subordinates with autonomy within boundaries. o Adopts an open door policy to aiding peers with personal and work issues O Motivates peers through unrelenting support.

5.2 Team Building

Novice

o Experiences difficulty assembling and organising a team. o Unwilling to be involved with conflicts within the team. o Uncertain of methods to improve collective morale. o Unable to establish well defined team goals. o Only able to assign roles and responsibilities with guidance.

Intermediate

o Establishes well defined and realistic team goals. o Develops feasible plan to achieve team goals. o Leads by example. o Considers individual strengths and weaknesses when assigning roles/responsibilities. o Engages team dynamics to create a team identity and foster cooperation. o Recognises and resolves conflicts. o Coaches team members.

Proficient

o Encourages open and candid discussion. o Sets team goals collectively. o Motivates team members towards team goals.

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o Ensures team members are recognises for their contribution. o Inspires confidence and commitment among team members. o Puts the team before the self. o Identifies potential issues and conflicts and proactively resolves them pre- emptive.

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Miscellaneous – Uniform Sizes MEASUREMENT FOR N0.3/4 UNIFORM

SHIRT SIZE SHOULDER CHEST SHIRT SLEEVE LENGTH LENGTH LENGTH XXS 15 INCH 34 INCH 25.5 INCH 22.5 INCH XS 17 INCH 38.75 INCH 28.75 INCH 23.75 INCH S 17.50 INCH 40.25 INCH 29.25 INCH 24 INCH M 18.50 INCH 43.50 INCH 30 INCH 25 INCH L 19.50 INCH 46.50 INCH 30.75 INCH 25.75 INCH XL 20.50 INCH 49.75 INCH 31.50 INCH 26.50 INCH XXL 21.50 INCH 52.75 INCH 32.25 INCH 27.75 INCH

TROUSERS SIZE WAIST TROUSERS LENGTH 23 (XXS) 23 INCH 40 INCH 27 (XS) 27 INCH 41.5 INCH 29 (S) 29 INCH 42 INCH 33 (M) 33 INCH 43 INCH 37 (L) 37 INCH 44 INCH 42 (XL) 42 INCH 45 INCH 47 (XXL) 47 INCH 46 INCH

CAMOUFLAGE JOCKEY CAP/BERET SIZE INTERNAL CIRCUMFERENCE 6¾ 540mm 7 560mm 7¼ 580mm 7½ 600mm 7¾ 620mm

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This manual was created solely for educational purposes. This manual is not for sale or for unauthorized distribution.

Updated: October 2013

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