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De Karl Marx - Trad Dissonância revista de teoria crítica Dossiê Marx & Simmel volume 2 número 2 2º semestre de 2018 Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Universidade Estadual de Campinas Dissonância Revista de Teoria Crítica ISSN: 2594-5025 Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Universidade Estadual de Campinas www.ifch.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/teoriacritica Dossiê Marx & Simmel Editores: Mariana Teixeira e Arthur Bueno Comitê Editorial Permanente Adriano Januário, Bárbara Santos, Bruna Batalhão, Fernando Bee, Inara Luisa Marin, Mariana Teixeira, PauloYamawake, Olavo Ximenes, Rafael Palazi, Raquel Patriota e Ricardo Lira Conselho Editorial Científico Alessandro Pinzani Jaeho Kang Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina SOAS University of London, Inglaterra Andrew Feenberg John Abromeit Simon Fraser University, Canadá The State University of New York, EUA Arnold Farr Josué Pereira da Silva University of Kentucky, EUA Universidade Estadual de Campinas Clodomiro Bannwart Katia Genel Universidade Estadual de Londrina Université Paris I, França Daniel Peres Marcos Nobre Universidade Federal da Bahia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Denílson Werle Miriam Madureira Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Universidade Federal do ABC Emmanuel Renault Olivier Voirol Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre, França Université de Lausanne, Suíça Erick Calheiros Lima Peter Erwin-Jansen Universidade de Brasília Hochschule Koblenz, Alemanha Everaldo Vanderlei de Oliveira Robin Celikates Universidade Federal de Sergipe Universiteit van Amsterdam, Holanda Felipe Gonçalves Silva Sérgio Costa Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Freie Universität-Berlin, Alemanha Gustavo Leyva Martínez Simon Susen Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City University of London, Inglaterra Hélio Alexandre da Silva Stefan Klein Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia Universidade de Brasília Hélio Ázara de Oliveira Stefano Giacchetti Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Loyola University Chicago, Itália Isabelle Aubert Yara Frateschi Université Paris I, Panthéon Sorbonne, França Universidade Estadual de Campinas Diagramação: Fernando Bee e Paulo Yamawake Imagem da capa: Alegoria da Tulipomania (1640), de Jan Brueghel, o Jovem. A imagem é domínio público e pode ser encontrada no Wikimedia Commons. Sumário 06 Apresentação Mariana Teixeira e Arthur Bueno DOSSIÊ TEMÁTICO seção editorial 23 The Ambivalence of Indifference in Modern Society: Marx and Simmel Georg Lohmann 56 Entre Marx e Bourdieu: Diferenciação e desigualdade na sociologia de Georg Simmel Lionel Lewkow 96 Rationality – Cultivation – Vitality: Simmel on the Patholo- gies of Modern Culture Arthur Bueno artigos 137 Infinite Ends and the Tempo of Life: Notes on the Marx/Sim- mel Convergence/Divergence Thomas Kemple 167 Simmel, Marx and the Radical Concept of Life: A Hegelian Approach Spiros Gangas 198 Los que trabajan sólo por dinero: Escenas del neoliberalismo Esteban Vernik 224 La sensorialidad capitalista en Karl Marx y Georg Simmel: Claves para el análisis sensible de la sociedad contemporánea Olga Sabido-Ramos resenha 263 Os despossuídos: Karl Marx e a (i)legalidade dos pobres (Resenha de Os despossuídos: Debates sobre a lei referente ao furto de madeira, de Karl Marx - Trad. N. Schneider) Frederico Alves Lopes traduções 271 O problema do devir na filosofia hegeliana Georg Simmel (tradução de Mariana Teixeira) 290 A transcendência da vida Georg Simmel (tradução de Laura Luedy e Hyury Pinheiro) 325 Georg Simmel Georg Lukács (tradução de Mariana Teixeira) 334 Introdução (editorial) da Ideologia alemã Gerald Hubmann e Ulrich Pagel (tradução de Olavo Antunes de Aguiar Ximenes) 361 Os primórdios de “modo de produção” de Marx Sarah Johnson (tradução de Olavo Antunes de Aguiar Ximenes) FLUXO CONTÍNUO artigo 437 Reconhecimento e complementariedade de gênero: A crítica de Young ao "feminismo" de Honneth Letícia Machado Spinelli resenha 466 Adorno: A negatividade e as normas (Resenha de Adorno’s Practical Philosophy: Living Less Wrongly, de Fabian Freye- nhagen) Felipe Catalani tradução 475 O que é teoria crítica ortodoxa? Fabian Freyenhagen (tradução de Ivan Rodrigues) APRESENTAÇÃO Dossiê Marx & Simmel: 1818 – 1918 – 2018 Mariana Teixeira e Arthur Bueno O bicentenário do nascimento de Karl Marx e o centenário do falecimento de Georg Simmel, ambos completados em 2018, apresentam uma ocasião oportuna para a reflexão acerca das relações entre as suas obras e seu significado para a teoria crítica do presente. Desde o início do século 21, e sobretudo a partir da crise financeira de 2008, vimos emergir em diferentes campos um interesse renovado tanto pela crítica marxiana da economia política quanto pela filosofia simmeliana do dinheiro. Esse inte- resse assumiu, em cada caso, caminhos e ênfases distintos: enquanto a recepção de Simmel focou acima de tudo nos aspec- tos problemáticos da experiência moderna, intensificados no âmbito das formas de individualidade contemporâneas, as rein- terpretações de Marx, embora mais numerosas e diversas, tende- ram a conferir especial atenção ao caráter sistêmico das contradições e crises da ordem capitalista.1 A despeito da aten- 1 A literatura é, em ambos os casos, abundante. Referiremos aqui somente a alguns exemplos do campo da teoria crítica. No que concerne à recepção de Simmel, cf. Hon- neth, A., “Organisierte Selbsverwirklichung. Paradoxien der Individualisierung”, in: — (org.), Befreiung aus der Mündigkeit. Paradoxien des gegenwärtigen Kapitalismus. Frank- furt am Main/New York: Campus, 2002, p. 141-158; Rosa, H. Beschleunigung. Die Ver- änderung der Zeitstrukturen in der Moderne. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2005. No Mariana Teixeira e Arthur Bueno ção recente concedida às obras de ambos os autores, os vínculos entre suas análises acerca dos problemas da vida moderna per- manecem – com exceções importantes, porém ocasionais2 – insuficientemente explorados. O fato de as obras de Marx e Simmel poderem ser articula- das em um diagnóstico abrangente da modernidade capitalista não deve surpreender. Desde a publicação por Georg Lukács de História e da consciência de classe, em 1923, os potenciais e as dificuldades envolvidos em tal empreitada têm sido objeto de debate. Lukács argumentou, como se sabe, que as análises de Simmel e Weber sobre a vida moderna encontravam seus funda- mentos metodológicos adequados numa concepção dialética da história como aquela formulada por Marx – e desenvolvida pelo próprio marxista húngaro – na esteira da tradição filosófica do idealismo alemão. Reexaminados da perspectiva de uma crítica da reificação, os processos de racionalização e objetivação que os fundadores da disciplina sociológica consideraram típicos da vida moderna foram vistos como remontando, em última instân- cia, à forma-mercadoria enquanto “protótipo [Urbild] de todas as que diz respeito a Marx, cf. Fraser, N. “Behind Marx’s Hidden Abode: For an Expanded Conception of Capitalism”, New Left Review 86, 2014, p. 55-72. 2 Cf. Frisby, D., “Introduction to the Translation”, in: Simmel, G., The Philosophy of Money. London/Boston: Routledge, 1978, p. 1-49; Shad J.A. “The Groundwork of Simmel’s New ‘Storey’ Beneath Historical Materialism”, in: Kaern, M., Phillips, B. S., Cohen, R. S. (orgs.). Georg Simmel and Contemporary Sociology. Dordrecht: Springer, 1990, p. 297-317; Lohmann, G. “Die Anpassung des individuellen Lebens an die innere Unendlichkeit der Großstädte. Formen der Individualisierung bei Simmel”, Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 1993, p. 153-160; Aldenhoff, R., “Kapitalismusanalyse und Kultur- kritik. Bürgerliche Nationalökonomen entdecken Karl Marx”, in: Mommsen, W. J., Hübinger, G. (orgs.). Intellektuelle im Deutschen Kaiserreich. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1993, p. 79-94; 218-221. Dissonância, v. 2 n. 2, Dossiê Marx & Simmel, Campinas, 2º Semestre 2018 | 7 Apresentação formas de objetividade e de todas as suas formas corresponden- tes de subjetividade na sociedade burguesa”.3 Embora Lukács concebesse esse projeto como uma refundação marxista de análi- ses “burguesas” que teriam permanecido na superfície do fenô- meno da reificação, sem “nenhuma tentativa para superar as [suas] formas objetivamente mais derivadas, mais distanciadas do processo vital próprio do capitalismo”,4 esse esforço não poderia deixar de lançar luz sobre o fato de que as obras de Sim- mel e Weber já apresentavam importantes pontos em comum com a crítica do capitalismo formulada por Marx.5 Reinterpre- tando os escritos desses autores como tentativas de oferecer um diagnóstico do “fenômeno ideológico da reificação”,6 o ensaio lukácsiano indicava que Weber e Simmel, embora lançando mão de arcabouços teóricos distintos, haviam levado adiante em seus escritos as análises marxianas acerca da estrutura fetichista da sociedade capitalista. Não é necessário destacar o quão crucial foi a articulação entre hegelianismo de esquerda e pensamento social “burguês” para o desenvolvimento posterior do chamado marxismo oci- 3 Lukács, G. História e consciência de classe: Estudos sobre a dialética marxista. Trad. R. Nascimento. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2003 [1923], p. 193. 4 Lukács 2003 [1923]: 213. 5 Sobre a articulação da “ciência burguesa” de Max Weber no contexto materialista- dialético do livro de Lukács, cf. Teixeira, M. Razão e reificação: Um estudo sobre Max Weber em História e consciência de classe, de Georg Lukács. Dissertação (Mestrado em Filosofia). Campinas: IFCH/Unicamp, 2010. No sentido oposto, um experimento sobre como Weber e Simmel poderiam avaliar a apropriação de suas obras por Lukács pode ser lido
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