Canadian during the First World War (1914-1918)

When you go home, Tell them of us, and say, For your tomorrow We gave our today

(Inscription, British War Memorial, Kohima India)

by

Michael Jenkyns, FCF, Grand Historian (2009-2014) A.F. & A.M. of in the Province of

Canadian Freemasonry during the First World War (1914-1918)

When you go home, Tell them of us, and say, For your tomorrow We gave our today

(Inscription, British War Memorial, Kohima India)

by

Michael Jenkyns, FCF, Grand Historian (2009-2014) Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario © Michael Jenkyns 2013

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The Sovereign Great Priory of Canada of the United Orders of Malta and of the Temple 1855-2002: The Supreme Grand Masters; Published by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises; Fall 2003; ISBN 0- 9732736-0-7.

Central District (1858-1895) and Ottawa District 13 (1896-2003) Royal Arch Masons of Ontario: Then and Now; Published by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises; Spring 2003; ISBN 0-9732736-1-5.

Discontinuous Flight: A Canadian Pilot in the Royal Air 1939-1945, published by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises; Fall 2003; ISBN 0-9732736-2-3.

The Cryptic Rite in Ontario, The Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of Ontario from 1871 to 2004; Published by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises; Spring 2005; ISBN 0-9732736-4-X.

Irish Masonic Lodges in the Province of Canada (1819-1858) and Masonic Independence; published by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises, Fall 2006; ISBN (10) 0-9732736-5-8, ISBN (13) 978-0- 9732736-5-6.

Royal Arch Masons in Eastern Ontario: Central District (1858-1895), Ottawa District 13 (1896- 2003) and District 13 (2003-present); Published by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises; Fall 2008; ISBN 978-0-9811693-0-9.

Ottawa District Then and Now: Freemasonry in Eastern Ontario 1855-2010; Published by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises; Fall 2008; ISBN (13) 978-0-9811693-1-6. CD-ROM edition only.

Whence Come We? Volume II: A in Ontario 1998-2010; by Wallace McLeod, Past Grand Historian and Michael Jenkyns, Grand Historian, published by the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario, © 2010. Printed by: RR Graphics, Mississauga, First Printing June 2011. ISBN 978-0-9694541-3-7.

Table of Contents

Preface

Part I - Global Events ...... 1 Overview ...... 1 Abbreviated chronology of Campaigns and Battles ...... 2 Size of the Conflict ...... 7 The War Graves Commission ...... 7 War’s Aftermath ...... 7

Part II - Canada ...... 9 The Country and its People ...... 9 Canada Mobilizes ...... 9 The Canadian Expeditionary Force ...... 10 The War Years in Canada...... 12 November 11, 1918...... 13 The War Continues ...... 13 The Cost to Canada ...... 14 Canada’s World War I Recipients ...... 15 Finale ...... 15

Part III - Canadian Freemasonry at Home and in War ...... 17 Ontario ...... 19 and Yukon ...... 27 Alberta...... 33 Saskatchewan ...... 39 Manitoba ...... 42 ...... 48 ...... 53 Prince Edward Island...... 57 ...... 60 and Labrador ...... 64

Part IV - Freemasonry in Europe...... 67 England ...... 67 ...... 71 ...... 73 Belgium ...... 75 ...... 76 Loge Havre de Grace, No. 4, GLNIR, le Havre ...... 76 How the Lodge furniture and other effects came to Canada ...... 78 Officers of the Lodge ...... 80

Part V - Military Lodges...... 81

Sources...... 83

Appendix 1 Declarations of War and the status of belligerents by 1918/19 ...... 87 Appendix 2 Canadian Expeditionary Force Divisions, Brigades and Battalions ...... 89

Appendix 3 Canadian World War I Victoria Cross Recipients ...... 123

Appendix 4 Masonic Honour Roll - Ontario ...... 151

Appendix 5 Masonic Honour Roll - British Columbia and Yukon ...... 197

Appendix 6 Masonic Honour Roll - Alberta ...... 207

Appendix 7 Masonic Honour Roll - Saskatchewan ...... 213

Appendix 8 Masonic Honour Roll - Manitoba...... 225

Appendix 9 Masonic Honour Roll - Quebec...... 235

Appendix 10 Masonic Honour Roll - New Brunswick ...... 241

Appendix 11 Masonic Honour Roll - Prince Edward Island ...... 245

Appendix 12 Masonic Honour Roll - Nova Scotia ...... 247

Appendix 13 Masonic Honour Roll - Newfoundland ...... 257

Appendix 14 Members of Loge Havre de Grâce ...... 261

Appendix 15 Canadian Founder Members of Lodge Havre de Grâce No. 4 ...... 285

Appendix 16 Havre de Grâce - Lodge Meetings ...... 291

Appendix 17 Abbreviations and Terms Used ...... 301 Preface

August 4, 2014 is the centennial of Britain’s declaration of war against Germany and Austria: the commencement of World War I where millions of men and women would fight against each other.

Freemasonry knows of no physical, religious or political boundaries: it is for many a philosophy, a way of acting and being, of being a good and reliable citizen of the country in which we live. For Canada (including Newfoundland) our population reached 7.9 million on July 1, 1914. An estimated 118,300 Freemasons met in lodges and within 5 years approximately 12,300 (10.4%) would have enlisted in the British and Canadian armed and almost 1,000 (9% of enlisted brethren or 1% of all masons) would have died serving the colours.

In the twenty-first century, Canada means a country stretching from coast to coast to coast. For that reason a section is as equally devoted to Newfoundland (until 1949 this was a in own right) as it is to the other nine provinces. I also exercised the right as the compiler and author of this research project, as well as a proud Ontario mason, to talk about Ontario, first. Thereafter I have written about Freemasonry in the provinces as moving from West to East: British Columbia and Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador.

One challenging factor is that there are Masonic Lodges holding an historic authority from the Grand Lodges of England and Scotland in the provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador. In developing this paper I have chosen to describe their activities as part of the political context of the province in which they exist. In Quebec and Nova Scotia they are active within the provincial context and their members are citizens of the province (and of Canada). Within Newfoundland and Labrador, the English and Scottish Lodges had their own local District Grand Lodges reporting back to and . Although this situation changed in 1997 with the establishment of their own Grand Lodge, there is still a Scottish District Grand Lodge.

With this project, as with many others I have undertaken, serendipity comes into play. In the course of reviewing Saskatchewan’s masonic servicemen we have discovered that Brother Robert Grierson Combe, a Scottish born Pharmacist who came to Saskatchewan and established himself in the town Melville where he became a proud member of Melville Lodge. He was a posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross for his actions at Vimy Ridge in early April 1917.

I have been blessed with the help and assistance of a number of Masonic colleagues across the breadth of this country. V.W.Bro. Trevor W. Mckeown, Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon; R.W.Bro. George Tapley, PDDGM and Past Master of the Internet Lodge of Research GRA; M.W.Bro. Richard Brown, PGM and Acting Grand Secretary, Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan; R.W.Bro. John Bradley, PDDGM, Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan; R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Librarian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba; M.W.Bro. John Leide, PGM and Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Quebec; W.Bro. Christopher Day, PGStB (UK), Secretary, St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 374 ER, ; V.W.Bro. Stuart Macdonald, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of New Brunswick; M.W.Bro. David G. Hooper, PGM and Grand Historian and R.W.Bro. George Doughart, Past Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Prince Edward Island; R.W.Bro. Phillip Randall, Grand Historian and R.W.Bro. Brian Loughnan, Past Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia; and V.W.Bro. John Warren, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Newfoundland and Labrador. I would like to make a special mention of V.W.Bro. Grant Stonehouse, PGDC, and for many years Historian of Carleton Lodge, No. 465 GRC, Carp.

1

Canadian Freemasonry during the First World War (1914-1918)

Part I - Global Events

Overview

One hundred years ago, on June 28, 1914, the assassination of a little-known Austrian Archduke (Francis Ferdinand) at Sarajevo would plunge nations into a global conflict. Long forgotten strategic alliances would pit Austria-Hungary, Germany and Turkey against Russia, France, Great Britain and Her Empire, Italy and Japan. Smaller nations would align themselves over the next four years.

Britain’s declaration of war against Germany on August 4, 1914, would be a little recognized defining moment in the evolution of Canada. The April 1917 battle for Vimy Ridge in France would be the first time that Canadian Forces were assembled, trained and fought alongside their British allies in an equal role. And 1919 would see another first when Canada attended the Peace Conference and signed the Treaty of Versailles in its own right.

Four years of conflict would promote new weapons and tactics intended to kill and maim the greatest number of combatants and noncombatants at one time and with no effect on the attackers. Regiments of 500 men firing single-shot muzzle-loading muskets or carrying lances on horseback had been replaced with armies of tens-of-thousands. The routine of march and counter-march; of order-arms, present-arms, aim, fire, reload; had become static trench warfare, using heavy artillery, machine guns, tanks, flame throwers and poison gas. Aeroplanes evolved from haphazard spotting to vicious fighting and bombing machines. And large, steel, coal- and oil-fired naval vessels of high speed, impressive size and heavy weapons were countered by unrestricted submarine warfare.

By November 11, 1918 the world had changed in great measure: countries and kingdoms disappeared and new ones were created. Colonies like Canada, Australia and were well on their way to independent nationhood. Millions had been killed or maimed and countries lost entire generations of men. Social upheaval was the norm as old ways were supplanted by vocal lower and middle classes of men and women. And in spite of all the good and bad results of the war, the resolution of international conflicts would still elude countries.

And throughout the conflict many in the combatant and non-combatant forces were Freemasons on both sides. Two senior were Alfred von Tirpitz and Lord Kitchener. von Tirpitz (1849-1930) had promoted the growth of the German navy and the use of new weapons at sea. By the outbreak of war, Germany’s navy was second in size only to Great Britain. He served as German Grand , Minister of State and of the Kaiserliche Marine (1914-1916), became head of a conservative political faction and was elected to the Reichstag (1924-1928). He was a member of Zum Aufrichtigen Herzen Lodge at -Oder. German Grand Lodges broke off relations with the Freemasons of France within a few months of the outbreak of war, followed by the severance of relations with Grand Lodges of all territories with which Germany was at war.

Horatio Herbert Kitchener (Sep 22, 1850-Jun 6, 1916), 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome, one-time Governor General of Sudan and Commander in Chief of India (1902-09), was appointed as Secretary of State of War in 1914. He was lost at sea in the sinking of the 2

HMS . He had served as District Grand Master of Egypt and also the Punjab. He had been initiated into La Concordia Lodge, UGLE, Cairo in 1883 and belonged to many Lodges in Cairo and elsewhere in the world. And Individual masons met as visitors in Lodges and, in some cases, banded together to form new Lodges near to battlefields.

Abbreviated chronology of World War I Campaigns and Battles with a focus on those of importance to Canada

World War I was a global war. As the CEF was mainly involved in France, fighting on the western front, the following map positions major battle areas.

[From At the Sharp End: Fighting the Great War by Tim Cook. Copyright © Tom Cook, 2007. Reprinted by permission of Penguin Canada Books Inc.] 3

The following outline of events of the War across its many theatres of operations forms the backdrop for the many social, political and masonic events in Canada during the period.

1914

On August 4 London’s ultimatum to expired but Germany had already invaded Belgium and established a Western Front war. The invasion of Belgium and Luxembourg saw a German push across France intent on the capture of Paris. The small sent to Belgium engaged German troops at Mons on August 23-24 and was pushed back almost to Paris, rebounding to where it was virtually annihilated, but stopping a German breakthrough at the Marne. By September 15, the first trenches were dug on the Western Front. On Oct 14, 1914 the first Canadian troops arrived in Britain and on October 21 the first Canadian troops entered France: this was the Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, which had been assigned to the British 80th Brigade. On the front lines, December 25th was made an unofficial Christmas truce.

Outside the western front some of the earliest fighting against Germany was in Africa: in East Africa where irregulars moved against German East Africa, Togoland (in West Africa and now part of Ghana) where British forces attacked the German and Southwest Africa where German regulars and irregulars attacked South Africa. German forces would continue a guerilla war across south and central Africa until their final surrender two weeks after the Armistice in 1918. In the Pacific area, New Zealand and Australian forces would seize German territories, Japan would enter the war as an ally and capture German possessions. Russian moves almost resulted in their invasion of East Prussia which was stopped by German forces. In November the Ottoman Empire entered the war in support of Germany, extending the fighting into Mesopotamia, Caucasus and Sinai.

1915

On January 19 the first German Zeppelin raid on Britain occurred and on January 31 the first German use of poison gas at Bolimow, Poland (Eastern Front). By mid-February 1915 the first 25,000 Canadian officers and men in England had been organized as the First Canadian Division, under the command of a British officer, Lieutenant-General , moving on to arrive in France to take over the trenches from the British at Ypres. March 10 saw the beginning of the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and March 14-15 the action of St. Eloi. April 22-23 saw the first German use of poison gas () on Western Front, at Gravenstafel Ridge in the Ypres Salient, striking Canadian and French troops. This action continued from April 24 to May 4 and is listed in records as St. Julien (part of 2nd Ypres). During the battle 6,035 Canadian soldiers were lost and a reputation was forged for holding against greater enemy forces. May 7 saw the Lusitania sunk off Ireland by a German submarine, casualties included 124 Americans. The “” continued: Frenzenberg Ridge, Festubert (alone costing 2,468 Canadian lives), Bellewaerde Ridge and (second) Action of Givenchy. In September, the Second Canadian Division arrived in France: fall actions included Loos and the Hohenzollern Redoubt. Command of the two Canadian Divisions was given to Brigadier-Generals (of Vancouver)1 and Richard Turner, VC (of )2, respectively under the overall command of Lieutenant-

1 Bro. Arthur Currie was a member and Past Master of Vancouver and Quadra Lodge, No. 2 BCR, Victoria and a past DDGM of Victoria District.

2 Bro. Richard Ernest William Turner, a member St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 6 in Quebec City. 4

General Edwin Alderson who now assumed command of the Corps.

In August 1915 the 1st Battalion of the Newfoundland Regiment3 left for Egypt to be used in the planned Dardanelles Campaign. Inept planning, incompetent generalship and impossible logistics in a horrific climate typified the campaign. Entering the line in September, the Newfoundlanders were withdrawn from the line in December and completely evacuated with all allied troops in January 1916, having lost about 20% of its establishment.

1916

Facing the Messines Ridge (whose high ground was held by the Germans) were the Canadians holding the front-line trenches. The British bored seven tunnels under the ridge, packed them with explosives and exploded them on March 27, charging into the devastation and holding the position until relieved by the Canadians. In a series of German counterattacks over the next two weeks (an action labelled as St. Eloi Craters) the Germans recaptured the ridge and the Canadians lost 1,373 men. In the immediate aftermath they also lost their commander as Alderson was replaced by Lt.- Gen. Sir Julian Byng. Canadian troops in Bermuda, England, and intended for other locales, were amalgamated into a Third Canadian Division under the command of Maj.-Gen. Malcolm Smith Mercer4 of and placed in France. The next six months became a series of battles of attrition labelled “the ” and included Mount Sorrel, Albert (including the capture of Montauban, Mametz, Fricourt, Contalmaison, la Boiselle), Bazentin Ridge, Fromelles, and High Wood. It would cost the British army 57,470 casualties (of which 19,240 were killed on July 1 alone!). During the Battle, the Newfoundland Regiment had been positioned in the British line and lost a great part of its men and equipment during the month of July. Within one hour of fighting at Beaumont Hamel, on July 1, the Regiment lost 733 wounded and killed out of it full complement of 801 officers and men.

For all forces, an interval of rejuvenation and re-equipping would be followed by September’s carnage: Pozieres Ridge (fighting for Mouquet Farm), Guillemont, Ginchy, Flers-Courcelette (an early use of tanks although they broke down in the battlefield conditions) and Thiepval Ridge. The Fourth Canadian Division (Maj.-Gen. David Watson of Quebec5) arrived on October 4, just in time for the constant battling that marked years’ end: Le Transloy Ridges (capture of Eaucourt l’Abbaye), Ancre Heights (capture of Regina Trench). By October the British had lost over 600,000 men of which 24,029 were casualties in the . Perhaps one key success of 1916 was Prime Minister’s Borden’s decision to dismiss Sir and his appointment of Sir George Perley as Canada’s High Commissioner to the and concurrently Minister of the Overseas Military Forces (which, by definition, would include the Canadians in Europe,

3 The Newfoundland Regiment (renamed the Royal Newfoundland Regiment in 1917) embarked its First Battalion on October 3, 1914. This was followed over time by the Second (Reserve) Battalion in November 1915. In addition the Newfoundland Forestry Corps was formed (primarily for service in Scotland felling and trimming essential tress for use in France). Throughout the war the Newfoundland forces were treated as part of the overall British establishment.

4 Malcolm Smith Mercer, a member of River Park Lodge 356, Streetsville (initiated in 1897), was an affiliated member of Victoria Lodge 474, West Toronto Junction. He was the highest ranking Canadian officer killed in the War and died on Jun 3, 1916 while reconnoitring the lines immediately prior to a Canadian attack on Mount Sorrell.

5 David Watson was also a Freemason from Quebec City and a member of St. Andrew’s Lodge No. 6. 5 particularly France).

The (May 31-June 1) was the largest naval battle of the War and although the German fleet outmanoeuvred the British, it retired and the thereafter controlled the surface of the seas for the duration of the war. German U-boats worked strongly to cut supply lines to Britain but were not successful.

And fighting would continue in the Balkans, Macedonia, Middle East.

1917

Britain’s naval blockade of enemy ports was having an effect and Germany’s reaction was unrestricted submarine warfare. Effective in the first few months, the allied response of protected convoys eventually limited the effectiveness of the submarine. One cost of the submarine menace, coupled with Germany’s intercepted telegram to Mexico promising much if Mexico would declare war on the United States, was to lead the United States Congress to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917 and to mobilize its huge resource base for war in Europe.

The situation in Russia becoming very unstable, an Allied mission (which included Britain’s Lord Milner of the War Cabinet and General Sir Henry Wilson) sailed to Petrograd. It also included a Canadian railway man: George Bury6, CPR’s Vice President, whose report on the Russian railways situation focussed on increasing the use of existing freight facilities, reducing passenger runs and adding passing tracks as there was no opportunity for new construction in the war situation. The revolution and the collapse of the Russian army prevented any improvements and Bury returned to London after a few months and then back to Canada.

In the spring of 1917, Germany requested Britain to withdraw Prisoners of War from the front lines to a distance of not less than 30 kilometres from the firing line. When Britain did not immediately reply, the Germans declared that all English prisoners would be kept as “prisoners of reprisal” and subjected to punishment which included “Very short of food, no beds, plenty of hard work, also to be very near the German guns — under the English shellfire . . . . to receive no pay for working, no soap for washing or shaving, no baths, no boots, . . . everything (that) can be done to harm and injure all English Prisoners of reprisal will be done by the German Military Command” (Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, p 362).

Meanwhile, a mutiny in the French army affected 54 Divisions and saw an estimated 20,000 soldiers desert, although order was restored at great cost. A major co-ordinated allied attack along the front lines saw a gradual withdrawal of German troops in the period March 24-29, to the vaunted Hindenberg Line. Vimy Ridge, a lengthy portion of the front behind German lines which permitted them to observe the allies, was given as the objective for the new Canadian Corps of four divisions. Although the four-division Corps was under the Command of British cavalry officer, Lieutenant-General Sir Julian Byng, the planning and training concepts, ensuring each

6 Brother George Joseph Aloysius Bury was a member of Nipissing Lodge, No. 420 GRC, North Bay (Initiated Jun 8, 1893, Passed Jun 13, 1893 and Raised Aug 10, 1893) and Demitted Jun 9, 1902. He was a Charter Member of Assiniboine Lodge, 114 GRM, Winnipeg (May 22, 1909) and Demitted Mar 5, 1918. In Vancouver he affiliated with Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 11 BCR on Jan 17, 1945. [Source (1) Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon website http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bury; (2) R.W.Bro. Ross Ferguson, Nipissing Lodge.] 6 soldier from division commander downwards knew the plan and his part in it so as to be able to carry on in spite of losses, were developed and implemented by Major-General Arthur Currie. A heavy allied artillery barrage in the early hours of April 9 was quickly followed by a creeping barrage behind which the Canadians of the four divisions advanced. By the close of day, Vimy ridge had been captured by the Corps and the Germans had evacuated their positions, although the last point, nicknamed “the Pimple,” was not totally in Canadian hands until April 12. It was this event — bringing together Canadian volunteers from across the country with a common purpose, and achieving that purpose when others had failed to take it — that demonstrated that Canada was a tangible entity. It was the equal of all others. From April 9 to the end of May the First, Second and Third battles of the Scarpe occupied the armies. The first American troops arrived in France on May 26. Fighting continued along the Souchez river, capture of Avoin, battle of Messines and capture of Pickem Ridge.

In June 1917 Sir Julian Byng was promoted to command an army and on June 8, Arthur Currie was promoted to command of the full Canadian Corps of four divisions. One of the complicating matters played out in the halls of Parliament in Ottawa was Sir Sam Hughes’s insistence on his son, Garnet, being promoted as commander of the First Canadian Division, an action stoutly (and successfully) refused by Currie.

As the new Canadian Corps commander, Currie’s first assignment was to attack Hill 70 (near Lens) during the period Aug 15-25 as a diversion to a major British attack at Passchendaele. The Canadians took and held the objective, losing 9,198 men while the Germans lost 20,000. By any measure it was a costly battle for Canada and led to being touted as a failure by Currie7. Both Vimy and Lens were diversions to a major French offensive and also to Haig’s major attack on Passchendaele, in Belgium. Between October 3 and November 4, 1917 the Third and Fourth Canadian Divisions attacked Passchendaele which was secured on November 6 at a cost of 15,654 lives. For the balance of the year allied forces would focus on taking , an action which saw a first attempt to mount a tank attack which was unsuccessful due to ground conditions.

On December 15 Russia and Germany signed an armistice which ended the two front war.

1918

The winter transfer of large numbers of German troops to the Western Front placed them in position to attack in large numbers during March: San Quentin, crossing the Somme, Bapaume, Rosieres, Arras and Moreuil Wood. The Germans almost gained their original (1914) objective of Paris but were halted at the Marne. One effect on the reversal was to unite the allies under one supreme commander: Marshal Ferdinand Foch. But difficulties prevailed and only the Americans appeared to have the ability and enthusiasm to prosecute the war — fighting on their own terms — a position adopted by Currie and the Canadians. But fighting, and losses, continued: at Lys and La Becque, and at sea with the sinking of the Canadian Hospital Ship Llandovery Castle by German submarines on June 27 (234 killed and only 24 survived) when she was 114 miles off Fastnet Rock (Ireland’s most southerly point) while sailing from Halifax to . Despite

7 It was the high casualty rates at Vimy and Lens and the dispute involving Garnet Hughes which would lead to Sir Sam Hughes’s attacks on Currie in Parliament and the media and lead, eventually, to Currie’s court case for libel in Cobourg in 1928 against the Port Hope Evening Guide. His successful defence of his actions guaranteed his reputation as a gallant and distinct commander and Canadian. 7 regulation Red Cross lights the ship was deliberately torpedoed without warning and most of the survivors, including 14 Nursing Sisters, were machine gunned in the water. Beaumont Hamel (where the Newfoundland Regiment had been decimated in July 1916) was captured.

A period of rebuilding and retraining of the Canadians followed as a prelude to an allied push eastwards. On August 8, nine Australian and Canadian divisions with 2,000 guns and 470 tanks moved against Amiens, covering 13 kilometres in a single day, and decimating the German front line. This was the unrealized beginning of the end: a period referred to in Canada’s military history as The Hundred Days. A change of direction brought them to the Hindenberg Line and through and onwards to the crossings of the Canal du Nord (capture of Bourlon Wood) and the St. Quentin Canal. And the final push through October gave them Cambrai (captured on October 11). In 47 days of fighting at the spearhead of the British line, the Canadians suffered 30,802 casualties. Fighting across open countryside and not from prepared positions, the Germans moved back: the Canadians crossed into Belgium and headed for Mons where soldiers of the Royal Canadian Regiment and 42nd (Montreal) Battalion were probably the last Canadians fighting at 11 am on November 11th.

Size of the Conflict

Among the belligerents about ten million men and women would be killed and about twenty million would be wounded. Some of the major losing countries were: Great Britain - 947,000 killed and 2,122,000 wounded; France - 1,385,000 killed and 3,044,000 wounded; Russia - 1,700,000 killed and 4,950,000 wounded; Italy - 460,000 killed and 947,000 wounded; United States - 115,000 killed and 206,000 wounded; Germany - 1,808,000 killed and 4,247,000 wounded; Austria-Hungary - 1,200,000 killed and 3,620,000 wounded and Turkey - 325,000 killed and 400,000 wounded.

The War Graves Commission

Early in the war Britain attempted to identify and photograph the graves of the fallen and provide copies to next-of-kin. In 1915, France had given land to be used for cemeteries and Britain had decided that officers and men who had fought together would be buried together with separate gravestones in the cemeteries, even if the remains were known “only to God.” A Royal Charter was granted in 1917 which established the War Graves Commission, founded by Major-General Sir Fabian Ware. In the beginning it had three Commissioners: Sir Herbert Ellison, Bro. Sir Henry Maddocks and Bro. Rudyard Kipling89. The Commission is still at work in the twenty-first century.

War’s Aftermath

It would be nice to believe that deaths ended with the Armistice. But nature, in a perverse action, attacked mankind with its own chemical warfare one month afterwards and took an estimated

8 Brother Rudyard Kipling deserves a separate report for his literary works, many of which included Masonic references. One such is Rudyard Kipling: Man, Poet, Mason, by John Webb © 1996, published by Ian Allen Regalia Co. Coombelands House, Addelstone, Surrey. ISBN 0-85318-214-0. Readers interested in Kipling should also read as many of his stories, short stories and poems as possible.

9 In spite of poor eyesight preventing his acceptance, Kipling’s son, John, had enlisted in the Irish Guards through the assistance of his father’s friend, then the Colonel Commanding the Regiment. John was killed at the Battle of Loos in September 1915 at the age of 18. 8

400,000 in a great influenza epidemic.

With hindsight we know that the settlements embodied in the various Treaties (Versailles, June 28, 1919; Germain, September 10, 1919; Neuilly, November 27, 1919; Trianon, June 4, 1920; Sèvres, August 20, 1920) were not successful for many reasons. In part they fostered revenge by those who lost territories and prevented future success in border and trade disputes. The financial burdens imposed by the payment of reparations by the losers to the winners would increase as the post-war periods of depression grew and lengthened and created their own backlash. The imposition of limits on the military establishment of the losers as an attempt to prevent future wars was not successful even in the short-term. The League of Nations (unfortunately much like today’s ) was not successful: it depended on financial support from its members and it had no standing military authority which could enforce League decisions. And, finally, to the dismay of many, was the outright refusal of some countries like the United States, to ratify various treaties.

Peace proved elusive over the next two decades and on September 3, 1939, Great Britain would again declare a state of war to exist with Germany and the world would be consumed in a second global conflagration. 9

Part II - Canada

The Country and its People

By August 1914, Canada consisted of nine provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick which had confederated on July 1, 1867, Manitoba and the Northwest Territories which joined on July 15, 1870, British Columbia on July 20, 1871, Prince Edward Island on July 1, 1873, and Alberta and Saskatchewan on September 1, 1905. The Dominion’s total population on July 1, 1914 was 7,879,000. I have also included a section dealing with Newfoundland and Labrador, our tenth Province, which joined the Dominion of Canada in 1949 (see p 63). At the outbreak of war its population is estimated at 241,000. Newfoundland was as supportive of the mother- country in this war as in the next one, and has always had close links with Canada.

Canada’s military had relied progressively less on regular British troops since the War of 1812. The various colonies in British North America designed their military around militia forces, originally raised and financed in various counties with a stiffening of regulars supplied by Britain. By the beginning of the twentieth century Canadian soldiers had distinguished themselves in the Crimean War (1854-56)10 and in South Africa (1902-05)11. Canada had supported the motherland over the years and was known for its martial skills, abilities, and planning and command structures.

Canada Mobilizes

Military reform in Canada between 1900 and 1914 abounded with good effects as well as questionable ones. On the plus side, Canadians would be equal to their British counterparts in their opportunities to hold senior ranks in the Canadian military. Districts and commands were restructured and included Canadians taking over the Halifax and Esquimalt fortresses. New arms and equipment were acquired. And there was a significant improvement in the military medical organization. On the negative side was the refusal of Britain to manufacture the Lee Enfield in Canada and the consequent Canadian expenditure on the accurate but heavy, slow to load and prone to jam, Ross Rifle, which would cost many Canadian lives.

By 1914 Canada possessed a permanent military force of 3,000 and a partially-trained militia of 66,000. It was considered a nucleus on which to build an army to assist Britain. With experience gained through the late nineteenth century, the Canadian Militia Department had taken steps before to prepare a “War Book” by which government departments already had instructions to take when a state of war would exist. And there was an acceptance of the need to be prepared for future international disputes and possibly wars. In Ontario, education reforms of

10 At the time of the outbreak of war in the Crimea, Sir Allan Napier MacNab sponsored a commission charged with recommending militia reform. And the first Victoria Cross awarded to a Canadian (Lieutenant Alexander Roberts Dunn) was earned during the ill-fated charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava. Both were Freemasons in Ontario in their lifetimes: Sir Allan MacNab (1760-1830) was a member of St. Andrew’s 16, Toronto, Provincial Grand Master of Canada West and Grand Master of the Ancients Grand Lodge of Canada and Alexander Dunn (1833- 1868) was a member of Ionic 25, Toronto.

11 On the night of February 26-27, 1900, a regiment of 500 Canadian volunteers was ordered into a night attack of a Boer hill position which was pinning down a major British force. By dawn the position was taken with minimal casualties. The result was a recognized Canadian victory. Although no VCs were awarded then, three VCs were later awarded to Canadians for saving a gun at Lilliefontaine on November 7, 1900. 10 the late nineteenth century included provision for school cadet units and in 1890 “Toronto’s entire schoolboy population paraded for an annual military review” (Morton, A Military , p 122-3). Cadet training was even found acceptable within the province of Quebec. By 1911, six of nine provinces participated in the federal scheme and by 1914 there were 40,000 boys enrolled in the cadet corps (three times the number enrolled in the Boy Scouts).

An almost stillborn Canadian navy was launched in 1910: the Royal Canadian Naval College at Halifax was opened and the first ships were obtained and Canadian financial support to Britain for the production of three new dreadnought battleships was provided.

Personalities in politics would be in conflict from the beginning: Liberals and Conservatives, Quebec nationalists and supporters of British interests and so on. But the appointment of Sir Sam Hughes12 as Minister of Militia in 1911 would become problematic in spite of his early successes to increase Canada’s military13. As war continued Hughes would fight with Canada’s government (over the conduct of all aspects of the war) as well as with London (over senior military appointments).

The Canadian Expeditionary Force

When war erupted, the did not mobilize based on its existing structure. Instead the Minister of Militia, Sir Sam Hughes, created an entirely new table of organization with numbered battalions raised on geographic lines. This was the Canadian Expeditionary Force which was created to fight outside the country. Older militia regiments contributed to the creation of more than one battalion. These militia units remained in Canada as drafting points while also performing their more traditional local role in maintaining “peace and good order.” One of the first units to use Sir Sam Hughes’s assembly camp at Valcartier in 1914 came out of Winnipeg — the Cameron Highlanders — which began as a Volunteer Company out of The although it would not be authorized as a full Battalion for overseas service until December 1914.

By the end of World War I the Canadian Expeditionary Force consisted of 260 Battalions which could be divided into fighting battalions and support battalions. This is the author’s distinction based on the history of each battalion. About 20% of the 260 battalions were recruited and maintained at their defined establishment of officers and men, while the balance were not: as a consequence the 20% provided the fighting units used on the Western Front. Of the balance, many Battalions were

12 Born Jan 8, 1853 at Solina (near Bowmanville) Ontario, Died Aug 24, 1921 at Lindsay. Sam Hughes joined the 45th West Durham Battalion of Infantry and fought against the Fenians in the 1860s and 1870s and in the (1899). He was elected and served as MP from 1892 until 1916, was appointed as Minister of Militia in 1911 by Prime Minister R. L. Borden and sacked by him in 1916. He was granted a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1915. Brother Sam Hughes was a member (#772) of St. Andrew’s Lodge No. 16 (now St. Andrew’s 16 Perpetuating St. John 75 Lodge, No. 16 GRC), Toronto. He was initiated Oct 9, 1883 but his dates of passing and raising are not known. In his article Bro. Sir Sam Hughes, W.Bro. Terry Sleightholme covers Hughes’s life in detail from his birth in 1852 to his death in August 1921. There is little to indicate the extent of his involvement in masonic activities.

13 The military budget was raised from $7 million in 1911 to $11 million by 1914. Militia strength reached 74,213 by 1914 although the permanent force had only 3,110 officers and men: both far outstripping the available equipment and guns. Quickly the need for Canadian manufacture of ammunition, clothing, leather boots, harnesses and other items had outstripped Canadian skills and some purchasing scandals (corruption) had set in as so many new and untried companies competed for military business. It would eventually settle down. 11 raised and trained in Canada, embarked for Britain where they received further training, and were then used for reinforcements provided directly to the fighting battalions or absorbed into Reserve Battalions created for that purpose. In Part III a brief summary of the fighting and support battalions for each province are shown. In France the Canadian Corps would eventually consist of four Divisions, each composed of four Infantry Brigades which were composed of four Battalions in each Brigade. This organization was formed of about 120,000 men and was the “point” of the Canadian army in the field. Appendix 2 lists all CEF Battalions and a brief historical sketch.

Looking at the number of CEF infantry battalions raised by each Canadian province we have the following numbers:

Ontario 105 battalions total of which 32 were fighting units

British Columbia 13 battalions total of which 6 were fighting units

Alberta 23 battalions total of which 8 were fighting units,

Saskatchewan 19 battalions total of which 3 were fighting units

Manitoba 32 battalions total of which 10 were fighting units

Quebec 30 battalions total of which 10 were fighting units

New Brunswick 11 battalions total of which 1 was a fighting unit

Prince Edward Island 1 battalion total

Nova Scotia 11 battalions total of which 3 were fighting units

In addition to infantry, Canada’s military included the (which would eventually spin off the ), the Royal Canadian Navy, as well as all the usual and necessary specialised units of pioneers, foresters, railwaymen, engineers, medical, artillery, machine gun, tanks, and so on. Once the army’s eyes and ears, in the trench warfare of France and Belgium, horses were “traded in” and cavalry fought as infantry.

Postwar Canada would see a further reorganization of the military and an effort was made, in terms of army units, to perpetuate the proud histories of the CEF’s battalions.

Newfoundland maintained the Royal Newfoundland Regiment. It had been reformed in 1914 with 500 volunteers which increased to 1,000 in the First Battalion very quickly and was followed by a second Battalion in 1915 and a Forestry Corps. It was the only unit from North America to serve outside the Western Front and had fought at Gallipoli in late 1914-early 1915. 12

The War Years in Canada

Britain declared war against Germany on August 4, 1914. On August 7, Canada offered to bear the costs of a full contingent of 25,000 men, which had been immediately accepted14. Plans to quickly mobilize the contingent were scrapped by the Minister of Militia, Sir Sam Hughes who contracted for the construction of Valcartier, and summoned volunteers through hundreds of militia colonels. In spite of these difficulties of command, an early mobilization of 25,000 men sailed to Plymouth on October 3, 1914. In London, Kitchener demanded an army of one million. A Canadian Patriotic Fund was started and by year’s end had grown to $6 million ($47 million by war’s end). Newfoundland had also responded on August 7 and had put into operation contingency plans which had been developed for the event. A civilian Patriotic Organisation was formed within a few days and the first enrolment post was opened in St. John’s, training began and the 1st Battalion of the Newfoundland Regiment quickly found itself in England and Scotland.

In Canada, during 1915, a Military Hospitals Commission was established to co-ordinate the Red Cross, hospitals, nursing homes, IODE centres and a host of other well-intentioned organizations. In October 1915 the first internment camps of “enemy aliens” were established and housed about 6,000 men. Berlin, Ontario renamed itself as Kitchener. High production costs and low quality typified Canadian production especially in respect of arms and ammunition. Hughes’s “Shell Committee” proved incapable of the task: failing not only in domestic production for Canadian needs, but it accumulated $170 million in orders from Britain and was unable to respond. Britain stopped orders until a new Canadian Imperial Munitions Board took control (it became very effective and by 1917 had 600 factories and 150,000 workers employed in munitions production, expanding into ship building and aircraft manufacture as demand grew). Government finances were augmented by a first bond issue, War Savings certificates and War Savings Stamps. By July 1915 the size of the CEF reached 150,000 men and by years’ end, this figure would rise to 250,000.

By 1916 demand for food abroad saw Canadian wheat production soar. When Britain, France and Italy centralized wheat purchasing under a government agency, Canada established a wheat export board. Wheat and armaments sales revenues covered Canada’s major war costs. Patriotic fervour raged, recruiting leagues blossomed, special battalions were formed for different categories of men: one for Americans, a number of highland units, Orangemen, a “Bantam Battalion” for men of less than the CEF standard of 5'-2" in height. But of the great number of battalions formed, few ever achieved their full manpower requirement.

In 1917 political changes in London produced a new Prime Minister. Lloyd George invited all Commonwealth heads of government to meet in London to discuss the conduct of the war and its future objectives. Canada’s Prime Minister, Robert Laird Borden attended and returned to Canada believing that our involvement must not be curtailed and must, if possible be increased. A national registration for war service was put in place (although it is questionable that it served a worthwhile purpose). It was followed by the creation of a Canadian Defence Force to be used in Canada, thus freeing regular troops for use overseas. The year ended with a closely avoided political crisis over Canada’s Military Service Act (conscription of all men meeting specified qualifications) although it was never really effective before the end of the war. At the same time the Wartime Elections Act gave the vote to mothers, wives and sisters of serving soldiers and removed it from citizens of

14 Recruiting qualifications included: between 19 and 36 years of age, minimum height of 5 feet, 3 inches, chest 34 inches and not less than 120 pounds in . 13 enemy origin naturalized since 1902. All Canadian women would receive the right to vote in 1918. Under this Elections Act, Alberta’s Military Representation Act, specified that two members of the Legislative Assembly could be chosen by soldiers overseas. In 1917, Bro. Captain Robert Pearson (see p 36), Alberta’s “fighting Parson” placed first in a field of 20. The second MLA to be elected was a 36-year old nurse, Lt. Roberta MacAdams, the only woman slated, who became the second Alberta woman MLA. As the cost of fighting and maintaining forces in the field increased the Government found that it could not avoid interfering in business and personal activities. Food and energy hoarding were investigated and prosecuted. Temporary direct taxation on income began July 25, 1917. Government demands that farmers plant more food was unsuccessful as there were not sufficient workers available to harvest them. A December 1917 national election was won by Borden (153 vs 82 for Laurier).

Canada’s own 1918 Easter rebellion erupted in Quebec City over conscription: the arrest of a man with no papers resulted in calling out the military, shots being fired and several deaths. The violence stopped further riots. Debate raged: the target of 100,000 men to be raised under arms as a result of the new Act, produced 99,561 wearing the uniform of the CEF by the end of the war. But one casualty of the delay was that a planned Fifth Canadian Division was stillborn although its intended complement was divided amongst the other four Divisions. PM Borden returned to London in the spring of 1918 and remained to sit on a committee of prime ministers convened to review the conduct of the war. Its draft report, which was never signed by Borden, recommended intervention in Russia, amongst other matters of weight. Borden had returned to Ottawa by the time of the Amiens offensive of August 1918 which would end on November 11, 1918 with the Armistice. Over this 47-day period the cost to the Canadian Corps was 30,802 casualties against 18,600 prisoners. And at home an influenza epidemic would take its own deadly toll.

November 11, 1918

The final push at Mons, on November 11, 1918, was made by soldiers of the Royal Canadian Regiment and the CEF’s 42nd (Montreal) Battalion and at 11 am all firing ceased.

The War Continues

November 11 was not armistice day for all Canadian forces: particularly those in Russia. South of Archangel 600 men of the new Red Army almost overran a Canadian field battery, at Vladivostok 4,000 Canadians prepared for winter and at Baku Canadians were organizing the White Russians. It would be late 1919 before a total disengagement of Canadians would be completed. This minor, end-of-war, escapade is reflected in the Victory Medal15 granted to every serving soldier.

15 The edge of each medal is carefully stamped with the regimental number of the soldier to whom it was issued, soldier’s name and name of his regiment. 14

Obverse of Victory Reverse of Victory Medal Medal 1914-1919

The reverse of the Victory Medal reads “THE GREAT / WAR FOR / CIVILIZATION / 1914-1919.” [This medal is believed to have been issued to the writer’s great-uncle and “41270 Pvt. R. Williams, York R” is stamped on its edge. His British military record could not be accessed as it, along with many others, was destroyed during the London Blitz of World War II.]

The Great War Veteran’s Association, formed in Winnipeg in 1917, emerged as a major voice for ex-servicemen. Its traditions and efforts are carried on by today’s Royal Canadian Legion.

Veteran’s Button - f inch diameter

The Cost to Canada

Many Canadians served outside the Canadian Corps and an estimated 40,000 officers and men were serving in other commands at war’s end as well as in navy and air force units.

Canada’s total contribution in World War I was about 650,000 men and women16 out of a population of about 8 million people. Of these, 66,600 gave their lives. By 1925 there were 20,115 widows, children and destitute parents of soldiers, who were receiving pensions. In truth, all those who survived physically had been wounded by mental scars they would carry for the rest of their lives.

16 As a comparison, in World War II Canada provided 1,050,000 men and women out of a total population of 11.8 million people. Of this number, 42,000 were killed and 53,000 wounded. Today there are over 100,000 gravestones in Europe carrying a Maple Leaf. 15

Canada’s World War I Victoria Cross Recipients

The Victoria Cross, the most famous decoration for valour in the western world, was awarded to 73 Canadians for gallantry under extreme conditions during World War I. They are listed with details In Appendix 3. I have included both Bro. Robert Gordon McBeath who had been born and raised in Scotland, belonged to a Scottish regiment, but emigrated to Vancouver with his wife at war’s end and also Tommy Ricketts of Newfoundland.

Thirteen of the 73 were freemasons. From a provincial perspective, seven VC recipients hailed from Alberta (1 Freemason who joined the Craft in the postwar period); 10 from BC and Yukon (3 of whom were Freemasons), 12 from Manitoba (3 Freemasons), 3 from New Brunswick (1 Freemason), 1 from Newfoundland (the youngest VC recipient and also a Freemason), 4 from Nova Scotia, 1 from Northwest Territories, 19 from Ontario (2 Freemasons), 10 from Quebec (1 Freemason), and 6 from Saskatchewan (1 of whom has recently been identified as a Freemason).

There are challenges with this geographic breakdown: a century ago people moved around as they do in the twenty-first century. Private John Bernard Croak is a good example of this. Born in Newfoundland, he moved to Nova Scotia with his family, where he was schooled and employed early in life as a coal miner. He enlisted in 1915 in Sussex, NB, and was assigned to the 55th (New Brunswick & Prince Edward Island) Battalion, CEF. After training at Valcartier the Battalion removed to England where it was broken up and its officers and men absorbed into other units. Private Croak transferred to the 13th (Royal Highlanders of Canada) Battalion, where he earned his VC. However he is classified provincially, he was a true and patriotic Canadian.

Finale

Pierre Berton notes that Canada had entered World War I as a junior partner to Great Britain and emerged as an equal. He poses the question: “Was Vimy the source of Canada’s awareness of itself as an independent nation or the product of it?” Answering it is not perhaps as important as realizing that Canadians had come together for the “national good” as well as the good of others and had worked for a common benefit. 16 17

Part III - Canadian Freemasonry at Home and in War

Masonic Grand Jurisdictions across Canada actively supported the war effort. Thousands of individual masons from all walks of life volunteered for service in the Canadian forces.

Numbers of Masons by Province, Enlistment and Killed

Jurisdiction Population Total # Masons # Masons enlisted # Masons killed

Ontario 2,500,000 (1911) 66,457 (1918) 7,360 (1919) 559 (1919)

BC & Yukon 392,480 (1911) 7,683 (1917) 1,464 (1919) 73 (1919)

Alberta 374,295 (1911) 7,504 (1917) not available 77 (1919)

Saskatchewan 492,432 (1911) 8,286 (1918) 1,000 + (1919) 119 (1919)

Manitoba 461,394 (1911) 7,600 (1918) 1,106 (1919) 107 (1919)

Quebec 2,005,776 (1911) 8,861 (1918) 600 (1923) 60 (1923)

Quebec (EC) N/A N/A 77 9

New Brunswick 351,889 (1911) 3,898 (1918) 100 (1915 est) 11 (uncertain)

Prince Edward Is 93,728 (1911) 919 (1918) 99 8

Nova Scotia 492,338 (1911) 7,124 (1918) 52217 (1919) 51

Nova Scotia (EC) N/A N/A 14 2

Newfoundland (EC) 241,000 (1914) N/A 40 3

Newfoundland (SC) N/A N/A 20 NIL

Conflicts have always presented great mental challenges for people whether they are directly or indirectly involved. Many masonic principles, such as Brotherly Love, Relief, Truth, like religious teachings, often created moral dilemmas for members and their families.

At the outbreak of war, England’s population contained a large German component who had settled there over the years, and a number had become Masons. But patriotism or nationalism, by whatever name, won out over masonic principles. In 1915 the Grand Lodge of England reported “that members of English Lodges born in enemy countries had been requested not to attend meetings of their lodges during the continuance of war; and . . . resolved to recommend that such brethren be exempt from payment of lodge dues during the period of their enforced separation, but that they should not forfeit their claims upon the benevolent fund.” In BC and Alberta it was noted that applications should not be accepted from those of German (or enemy backgrounds) and the onus was placed on Lodges to “guard effectively the west gate,” leaving to them the final decision on candidate acceptance. In 1916 England extended its prohibition on lodge attendance by

17 A figure of 471 is given on page 100 of Longley and Harris, Short History (1966). 18 members of “enemy alien birth” to continue “after the war ends” until Grand Lodge should reverse or abolish the decision.

Dues cards of the kind we carry today, were not in vogue. Quickly the jurisdictions implemented a certificate of standing which could be used everywhere, except in England whose regulations required other documents. Evidence has survived showing that Canadian masons who were wounded and captured often received better treatment from their captors who were masons themselves or who recognized the fraternity as being in a “special” category. Such opportunities were unfortunately rare and probably prosecuted to the full by the Germans and their allies if details were known. General Erich Ludendorff, 1865-1937, (Germany’s Quartermaster General in 1916 and the victor of the Battle of Tannenberg) published a book in the post-war period where he portrayed Masons in a negative light and claimed that German soldiers providing known enemy (allied) Masons with any special treatment were a national treason.

Benevolence at home was supplemented quickly with Belgian Relief funds across the various Canadian jurisdictions. The rapid German advance left much damage in its wake and funds were raised and generally channelled directly to King Albert of the Belgians for use in meeting the needs of the Belgian people.

Most of the Grand Lodges around the world noticed a rapid growth in membership during the war. This led to a fear they were producing members and not masons. Reducing the time between degrees and working large “classes” to take degrees were justified for men who were enroute to the front. But the concern was lack of learning the real purposes, rituals and principles of the Craft. It was also noted that questionnaires had been developed by many Grand Lodges as an aid for members of investigating committees. But the concern was the possible interpretation by candidates of the questions themselves.

Another challenge to be resolved was the principle of physical and mental impairment. Injured brethren were returning and being integrated back into lodges. But what about candidates who had fought alongside them? Were they to be denied the benefits of membership because of an injury sustained in fighting for home and hearth?

As soldiers and civilians travelled to new areas of the world in connection with the war, those who were Freemasons were exposed to new and varying matters. For some it would be an interest in fraternal and quasi-fraternal bodies parallelling masonic ones, like the Order of the Eastern Star, Shrine and Grotto. Some American Grand Lodges were already accepting them. Would all? Masonry had been broadened over several centuries to include diverse religions and it was noted that challenges remained on that front as well. Overseas, many masons were exposed to Grand Orients and other Grand Lodges whose Landmarks were different and had not been found acceptable to “mainline Freemasonry.” Would this change? English was the predominant language of ritual and business in many Grand Lodges but not all. How would variation be handled?

As we have seen since 1919, our Grand Lodges across Canada have coped with the challenges and found suitable responses. 19

Ontario

On July 1, 1867 the United Province of Canada (formed in 1841 by the union of Canada West and Canada East under one government) had joined with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in forming the new Dominion of Canada. Ontario would bring about one and one half million people and by 1881 would show just under two million people in the federal census. Population would continue to increase: 2.1 million by 1891, 2.2 by 1901 and 2.5 by 1911 and just under 3 million by 1921.

In 1791 the old British North American colony of Quebec had been divided at the Ottawa River into Upper and Lower Canada in response to the growing population which had crossed the border from the United States at the end of the Revolution. As noted above it had grown and as the largest province by geographic size and population, it is not surprising that it would provide the largest number of Battalions for the new Canadian Expeditionary Force. Between 1914 and 1920, 105 battalions would be raised, of which 23 would be employed in fighting on the Western Front, 9 would be used as specialised units (forestry, railway), and 73 would be used to recruit and train the forces which would be absorbed into fighting units. They are listed below in these three categories, but summary details of histories are shown in Appendix 2.

A total of thirty-two “fighting battalions” were raised across Ontario of which 23 were infantry and 9 were special units, all of which were involved on the Western Front. The twenty-three fighting Battalions included: the Royal Canadian Regiment,1st (Western Ontario) Battalion, 2nd Battalion (Eastern Ontario Regiment), 3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), 4th Battalion (Central Ontario), 15th Battalion, 18th Battalion, 19th Battalion (Central Ontario), 20th Battalion (Central Ontario), 21st Battalion (Eastern Ontario), 37th (Northern Ontario) Battalion, 38th Battalion (Ottawa), 52nd Battalion (New Ontario), 58th Battalion, 71st Battalion, 75th (Mississauga) Battalion, 77th (Ottawa) Battalion, 83rd Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada), 93rd (Peterborough) Battalion, 95th Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada), 123rd Battalion (Royal Grenadiers), 124th Battalion, (Governor General’s Body Guard) and 127th Battalion (12th York Rangers). An additional nine infantry battalions were converted to special (non-infantry) units and used across the Western Front: (a) machine gun corps absorbed the 86th Machine Gun Battalion and 205th (Tiger) Battalion; (b) artillery absorbed No. 11 Canadian Siege Battery; (c) railway engineers (228th Battalion (North Fusiliers) converted to 6th Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops, 256th Battalion later became 10th Battalion Canadian Railway Troops and 257th Battalion became 7th Battalion Canadian Railway Troops; and (d) Foresters took 122nd (Muskoka) Battalion into the Canadian Forestry Depot, 224th Battalion (reformed in Britain as 224th Forestry Battalion) and 238th Battalion (integrated into the Canadian Forestry Corps as its 14th Company).

The seventy-three (73) recruitment and training Battalions included: 34th Battalion, 35th Battalion, 36th Battalion, 39th Battalion, 59th Battalion (Ontario), 70th Battalion, 80th Battalion, 81st Battalion, 92nd Battalion, 94th Battalion (New Ontario), 98th Battalion (Lincoln and Welland Regiment), 99th Battalion,109th Battalion (Victoria & Haliburton), 110th (Perth) Battalion, 111th Battalion (South Waterloo), 114th (Haldimand) Battalion, 116th Battalion (Ontario County), 118th Battalion, 119th (Algoma) Battalion, 120th (City of Hamilton) Overseas Battalion, the 125th Battalion (1st Overseas Battalion of 38th Regiment Dufferin Rifles), 126th Battalion (Peel), 129th (Wentworth) Battalion, 130th (Lanark and Renfrew) Battalion, 133rd Battalion (Norfolk’s Own), 134th Battalion (Ontario), 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, 136th (Durham) Battalion, 139th (Northumberland) Battalion, 141st Battalion (Rainy River District), 142nd Battalion (London’s Own), 20

146th Battalion, 147th (Grey) Battalion, 149th Battalion (Lambtons), 153rd (Wellington) Battalion, 154th (Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry) Battalion, 155th Quinte Battalion, 156th (Leeds and Grenville) Battalion, 157th Battalion (Simcoe Forresters), 159th Battalion (1st Algonquins), 160th Battalion (Bruce), 161st Huron Battalion, 162nd (Parry Sound) Battalion, 164th Battalion (Halton and Dufferin), 169th Battalion (109th Regiment), 166th Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada), 168th Battalion (Oxfords), 170th Battalion (Mississauga Horse), 173th Battalion (Canadian Highlanders), 176th Battalion (Lincoln and Welland Regiment) [aka 176th Battalion (Niagara Rangers) see Appendix 2], 177th Battalion (Simcoe Foresters), 180th Battalion (Sportsmen), 182nd Battalion (Ontario County), 186th Battalion, 198th Battalion (Canadian Buffs), 201st Battalion (Toronto Light Infantry), 204th Battalion (Beavers), 207th (Ottawa-Carleton) Battalion, 208th Battalion (Canadian Irish), 213th Battalion (American Legion), 215th Battalion (2nd Overseas Battalion of 38th Regiment Dufferin Rifles), 216th Battalion (Bantams), 220th Battalion (12th Regiment York Rangers), 227th (Sudbury-Manitoulin-Algoma) Battalion (Men o’ the North), 234th Battalion (Peel), 235th Battalion, 240th Battalion, 241st Battalion (Canadian Scottish Borderers), 247th Battalion (Victoria & Haliburton), 248th Battalion, 252nd Battalion (Lindsay), 253rd (Queen’s University) Highland Battalion, 254th Battalion (Quinte’s Own) Battalion and 255th Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada).

Since 1866 (the first Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario to report membership information), the number of Freemasons in the Province of Ontario had grown. From 6,263 reported on June 24, 1866, membership had grown to 53,699 at the end of June 1913.

The Annual Proceedings for 1914 indicate that as of July, there were 438 registered Lodges in the Jurisdiction with a total membership of 56,787 members. These numbers would increase during the war years: in 1915 to 446 Lodges and 58,983 members; 1916 to 451 Lodges and 61,062 members; 1917 to 456 Lodges and 63,477 members and 1918 to 463 Lodges and 66,457 members. Ontario’s population in 1911 and 1921 is reported by Statistics Canada as 2,527,292 and 2,933,662.

The Annual Proceedings for 1919 include a detailed listing by Lodges of the number of members who served the colours at any time during the War and the names of those who died while on active service: 438 Lodges (out of a total of 457 lodges on the Register) reported 7,360 serving brethren of which 556 died on service (refer to Appendix 4).

During the conflict our Grand Masters delivered several important messages to Grand Lodge and actions taken:

1914 (Jul 15, 1914) 429 Lodges with 53,669 members as of Dec. 31, 1913. The focus of Grand Lodge was on the Peace Festival scheduled to be celebrated the next day, to reflect 100 years of “continuous peace between Great Britain and the United States of America.” Invitations had gone to the Grand Masters of all Grand Lodges in the United States and Canada and the Grand Masters of the Grand Lodges of England, Ireland and Scotland, to join Grand Lodge on July 16, 1914. It was not realized at the time of this happy occasion that war would shortly break out and continue for five more years.

1915 (Jul 21, 1915) 438 Lodges with 56,787 members as of Dec. 31, 1914. Comments focussed on the origins of the war, the response of the Britain, France and Russia and the support which the 21

Dominions should extend to Mother England. The Belgian refusal to grant passage to German troops and the ensuing debacle was noted along with the Grand Lodge response to establish a fund for the relief of distressed Belgians. A total of $45,632.81 had been immediately raised and transmitted to King Albert “for use among his distressed subjects, irrespective of class or creed . . . .” Members were reminded that the watchword of the was not “Dominion,” but “Liberty” and an expression of great appreciation for the efforts of men and women in responding to the call to serve the colours was given. Lodges had been requested to provide information to Grand Lodge to permit the preparation of an Honour Roll (prepared and published in the 1919 Proceedings).

1916 (Jul 19, 1916) 446 Lodges with 58,983 members as of Dec. 31, 1915. The strong response of the particularly Canada was noted and recorded. Great regret was expressed for the death, on June 5, of Brother Horatio Herbert Kitchener, whose ship was sunk by submarine. The Belgian Relief Fund was reported as having realized $6,672.32 during the year which had been transferred to King Albert.

1917 (Jul 18, 1917). 451 Lodges with 61,062 members as of Dec. 31, 1916. The patriotism, courage, endurance and self-sacrifice exhibited by Canadians since the beginning of the war was recorded. The entry of the United States into the war in support of the allied cause on April 6, 1917, was applauded. It was expected it would contribute to victory, the aftermath of which would weigh heavily on the aggressors.

1918 (Jul 17, 1918). 455 Lodges with 63,477 members as of Dec. 31, 1917. Grand Lodge approved a message of condolence to Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and family in respect of his son, Lieutenant Quentin Roosevelt18 who had been reported missing on air operations. The record notes that “Masonry has ever flourished in times of peace and been always injured in war, bloodshed and confusion” and that many men were now expressing a keen desire to seek admission to the fraternity. The Grand Master felt that Lodges had been affected by the voluntary enlistment of many of their members but that this was a consequence of their patriotism. The Committee on the Condition of Masonry recommended Grand Lodge take on one, two or three of the following: (1) establishing a fund for returned and wounded Veteran Brethren; (2) equipping a complete ambulance unit for the Front, each vehicle being marked “with the broad arrow of the Great King, the compasses of our craft;” and (3) provision of grants to the Canadian and British Red Cross.

1919 (Jul 16, 1919) 463 Lodges with 66,457 members as of Dec. 31, 1913. Great sorrow was expressed for the brethren who had died at the Front. A list of Lodges, the number of brethren who served and the names of those who perished in the War is included in the Annual Proceedings (p 313-331 and is reproduced in Appendix 4 of this report). The Grand Master reported that he had accepted an invitation to attend the United Grand Lodge of England and participate in celebrations on ending the War.

18 Quentin Roosevelt (November 19, 1897 - July 14, 1918) was the youngest and favourite son of President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909), He joined the United States Air Service and was a pursuit pilot in the 95th Aero Squadron. He was killed in aerial combat over France on Bastille Day 1918. Theodore Roosevelt was a member of Matinecock Lodge, No. 806, Oyster Bay, NY, who had been raised on April 24, 1901 but his son, Quentin was not a member of the fraternity. 22

1920 (Jul 21, 1920). 470 Lodges with 72,029 members as of Dec. 31, 1913. It was noted that in spite of years of hardship, the number of members and of lodges had increased and the financial situation was satisfactory. Many returning soldiers had entered the craft and the increase of almost 7,000 in one year caused the Grand Master to remind Lodges to guard well their west gate. Requests for benevolence for distressed members and their families had been handled effectively.

In the 1919 Annual Proceedings, Grand Lodge published an Honour Roll based on information received from 438 of the 457 Lodges on the Register. The 438 Lodges indicated that 7,360 members of Ontario Lodges had served the colours during the War and 559 had died while in uniform (Appendix 4).

Nineteen Ontarians would be awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery in the performance of their duties. Of the nineteen, ten were born here and the others emigrated to the province and were living here at the outbreak of war. Of the nineteen, two are known to have been Masons but there is no evidence that either belonged to a Lodge in Ontario.

Corporal (later (Sergeant-Major) Colin Fraser Barron, B Sep 20, 1893, at Baldavie, Boyndie, Bannfshire, Scotland, emigrated to Toronto in 1910 and later enlisted in the 3rd Bn (Toronto) CEF. He received the Victoria Cross for his actions on November 6, 1917 at Vine Cottage, Passchendaele. He returned to Scotland after the war and later returned to Toronto. He served with the Royal Regiment of Canada during World War II in Iceland and England and returned to Toronto where he died on August 15, 1958. He was a member of Lodge St. Andrew, No. 52 SC, Banff, Scotland (Initiated Mar 21, 1918, Passed Jan 20, 1919 and Raised Feb 3, 1919). It is not clear whether he joined a Lodge in Toronto during his lifetime there. (See also Appendix 3 #3. Sources: Wikipedia; Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database; Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

Lieutenant Graham Thomas Lyall, B Mar 8, 1892 in Manchester, England, where he attended school and studied mechanical engineering. He moved to Welland in 1912 and worked for Canadian Steel Foundries and the Niagara Power Company. Three days after the outbreak of war he joined the 19th (Lincoln) Regiment (Militia), was placed on active duty and posted to the Welland Canal Field Force which provided guards along the canal, at hydro facilities in the peninsula and on international bridges. On Sep 24, 1915 he enlisted in the CEF and sailed to England in May 1916. On arrival he was transferred as a Corporal to the decimated 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles where he fought at the Somme (Sep 1916) and Arras (1917), earning a commission for his actions at Vimy Ridge. After OTS he was transferred to the 102nd Bn and his company fought at Bourlon Wood where they captured a German strong point and took 13 prisoners, 4 machine-guns and one field gun. Later in the southern end of the Wood they took an enemy strong point with 45 prisoners and 5 machine-guns. On Oct 1, 1918 they overwhelmed another strong point and took prisoners. For his actions Lt. Lyall was awarded the VC. After the war he returned to England. He was initiated into Lodge of Harmony and Industry, No. 381 EC, Darwen, Lancashire on May 8, 1919, but there is nothing further known about his Masonic career. In WW II he joined the Royal Army Ordnance Corps and was assigned to Egypt. D Nov 28, 1941 at Mersa Matruh, Egypt and is buried at Halfaya Sollum War Cemetery, Egypt. (See Appendix 3 #39. Sources: Wikipedia; Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database; Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.) 23

In France, members of the Craft from Britain and the Dominions, finding themselves in the port of Havre and desirous of forming a Lodge to meet their needs, came together. Seventy-one founders, including 15 from Canada, of which 6 were from Ontario19, founded Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre, which was Consecrated on October 31, 1916 (p 76). The six members included:

GREENE, W. R. — Capt. Canadian Army Dental Corps — Dental Hospital, Harfleur — Founder 21 — member of Doric Lodge, No. 58 GRC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Additional details: (1) Military: Full Name: William Richard Greene; B Mar 16, 1867, Douglas, ON; Dental Surgeon; married; enlisted May 15, 1915, Ottawa; No RN given; assigned to Canadian Army Dental Corps and commissioned as a Major (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: occupation “Dentist” on his application for degrees [University of Toronto DDS graduate in 1894, President of the Ontario Dental Society 1912-15 — Ed] was initiated into Doric Lodge, No. 58 GRC, Ottawa, on Feb 1, 1901 (passed Apr 5, 1901 and raised May 3, 1901). His entry is #360 on the Lodge member roll and his Grand Lodge Certificate 54244 was dated Jun 27, 1901. He withdrew from the Lodge on Jan 7, 1921. (Source: W.Bro. D. Robar, Lodge Secretary; V.W.Bro. R. Ashworth, Lodge Historian; Grand Lodge Records.)

KELLY, Ernest — Cdn. Capt., Army Dental Corps — Camp 11 Havre — Founder 3 — member and Past Master (1914) of Dufferin Lodge, No. 291 GRC, West Flamboro, Ontario, Canada. He was invested as first JW of Havre de Grâce on Oct. 31, 1916 but resigned from the chair on December 5, 1916 “owing to the exigencies of the service.” Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Ernest Kelly; B July 12, 1884, West Flamboro, Wentworth County, ON; Dental Surgeon; unmarried; member of 91st Regiment Canadian Highlanders; previously served 1901-02 Provisional Subaltern, 77th Regiment and 1914-15 Subaltern 92nd Regt. C. H.; Attestation paper signed June 5, 1915 at Ottawa; no RN given. (Source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Masonic: Member of Dufferin Lodge, No. 291 GRC, West Flamborough, Initiated September 12, 1905; Passed October 12, 1905; Raised November 9, 1905, served as WM for 1914; no further information in the Lodge files. (Source Dufferin Lodge 291 via W.Bro. R. Jones, Lodge Secretary.)

ROSS, W. — Pte. #126303 14 Can. Battn. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 50 — member of King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 43 GRC, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full Name: William Ross; B Jun 11, 1888, Hambleton, Lancashire, England; Boiler Maker Assistant; married; previously served with 22nd Oxford Rifles and 28th Perth Regt for 3 yrs; enlisted Sep 8, 1915 at Stratford, ON; assigned RN 126303, CEF unit unspecified on documents, killed Sep 27, 1918. (Source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database.) (2) Masonic: Initiated into King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 43 GRC, Woodstock on Feb 8, 1910 (passed Mar 15, 1910 and raised Apr 19, 1910) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 79685 is dated Oct 27, 1910. Listed in the Grand Lodge Honour Roll as “Killed in Action.” (Source: Grand Lodge Annual

19 I have italicized the names and Masonic details as they appear in the Member Register as well as in the Lodge Minutes for Loge Havre de Grâce No. 4. For the total listing of all Canadian founder members readers should refer to Appendix 15. 24

Proceedings for 1919 where the Honour Roll is published for all Ontario Lodges and Grand Lodge Records.)

SPENCER, C. R. — Rev. Chaplain Forces — 7th Can. Staty Hospital and Kitchener Military Hospital, Brighton — Founder 55 — member of J. B. Hall Lodge, No. 145 GRC, Millbrook, Ontario, Canada. Additional details: (1) Military: Full Name: Clarence Reginald Spencer; B Sep 17, 1881, Millbrook, ON; Church of England Clergyman; married; enlisted Apr 9, 1915 at Belleville; no RN given; commissioned as a Captain (Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database). (2) Masonic: A review of Brother Clarence Reginald Spencer’s masonic records at Grand Lodge shows that he had a varied Masonic career which parallelled his profession. He was initiated into North Entrance Lodge, No. 463 GRC, Haliburton, on Jun 22, 1906 at the age of 26 years (passed Sep 28, 1906 and raised Oct 26, 1910) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 68308 is dated Jan 29, 1907. He withdrew from the Lodge on Nov 25, 1910. (Source: Grand Lodge member data.) He affiliated with Clementi Lodge, No. 313 GRC, Lakefield on Jan 25, 1909 (age 27 years and occupation given as Clergyman) and was issued with Affiliation Certificate 78052 dated Jun 8, 1910, withdrawing from the Lodge on Oct 3, 1934. He affiliated with J. B. Hall Lodge, No. 145 GRC, Millbrook on Oct 13, 1916 from Clementi 313 and Millbrook’s information indicates he was 29 years old and a Clerk in Holy Orders. (Source: W.Bro. Bill Brass, Secretary, J. B. Hall 145 and W.Bro. Adam Baker, Secretary, Clementi 313.) Brother Spencer next affiliated with Corinthian Lodge, No. 96 GRC, Barrie on Feb 1, 1923 (age listed as 41 and occupation as clergyman). He withdrew from Corinthian on Jan 7, 1932 (Source: Grand Lodge member data.) Meanwhile he affiliated with Jerusalem No. 31 GRC, Bowmanville, on Jan 14, 1931 and withdrew from the Lodge on Feb 14, 1934. (Source: Grand Lodge member data.) Although he had demitted from Clementi Lodge, with which he had a longstanding relationship, the Lodge noted his death on January 23, 1952 and confirmed that he did not hold office as Master of that Lodge.

STEWART (STUART), W. C. — Captain, C.A.D.C., Canadian Dental Store, 167 Bd. Strasbourg, Havre — Founder 41 — member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville, Ontario, Canada20. [Note: The entry, written as “Stewart” has been made twice in the Founder List and the duplicate entry (#67) has a line through it. In another listing the spelling of the name has been written as “Stuart” but all three entries apply to the same individual whose name is correctly spelled as Stuart in Grand Lodge member records — Author.] Elected as Treasurer at the Lodge meeting of Oct 1, 1918 and Installed as Treasurer on Dec 3, 1918 for the 1919 Lodge year. Additional Details: (1) Military: There is no entry under Library and Archives Canada, CEF database nor under Canadian Great War Project database for Stuart or Stewart, W. C. or William C. (2) Masonic: W. C. Stewart was initiated into Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville on Jun 4, 1908 (passed July 2, 1908 and raised Sep 17, 1908) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 74158 was dated Jan 14, 1909. On his return to Canada he lived in Ottawa and affiliated with Doric Lodge, No. 58 GRC. He was also a charter member of St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 560 GRC, Ottawa, which was instituted on Jan 10, 1920. (Source: Grand Lodge records.) He was instrumental in assisting Carleton Lodge, No 465 GRC, Carp, acquire the original furniture, framed warrant and books of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre. He died November 11, 1934 in Ottawa. (Source: V.W.Bro. Grant Stonehouse, Carleton 465.)

20 Now The Belleville - Temple Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville. 25

WALLACE, A. — Pte. RN 40514 — 1st Bat. Can. Field Arty, Risbon Bks., Shornecliffe — Founder 51 — member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville, Ontario, Canada21. Additional Details: (1) Military: There is no entry under Library and Archives Canada, CEF database nor under Canadian Great War Project database for A. Wallace. (2) Masonic: Alfred Wallace, 22 years old in 1906, applied to join Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville and was initiated on Mar 29, 1906 (passed Jun 22, 1906 and raised Sep 27, 1906) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 67822 was dated Jan 4, 1907. He was suspended by the Lodge on Dec 1, 1921. (Source: Grand Lodge member data).

Captain Arthur Roy Brown, DSC and Bar, of the Royal Flying Corps is credited with shooting down the German ace Manfred von Richthofen (the “Red Baron”) on April 21, 1918. The Baron was preoccupied with chasing and attempting to shoot down Captain Wilfred Reid (“Wop”) May, DFC. Brother Brown was a member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 63 GRC, Carleton Place. Bro. May who would be well-known for his involvement in civil aviation in Canada joined Freemasonry in the postwar period and was a member of the Craft in Alberta (see p 37). Captain Brown’s fellow mason from St. Johns 63, Brother Stearnes Tighe Edwards, had joined him in numerous “joint pursuits.” Roy Brown and Stearnes Edwards were both initiated in St. John’s 63 on Oct 29, 1915, both had taken flying training in Ohio and both had joined the RNAS although Edwards was advanced quicker. He became commander of No. 6 (N) Sqn which was broken up almost immediately to provide trained pilots for other naval squadrons. Both Brown and Edwards were granted extended leave in November 1917 and returned to Canada where they both attended St. John’s and both were passed and raised on the same evening: Dec 17, 1917. Regrettably Stearnes Edwards crashed his Sopwith Pup on Nov 12, 1918 and died in hospital on Nov 22, 1918. There is no evidence that Manfred von Richthofen was a member of the Craft.

Three other members of St. John’s 63 who enlisted and fought in the war were R.W.Bro. Major William Henry Vickers Hooper22 (later Mayor of Carleton Place), M.Ex.Comp. Lt.-Col Dr. Arthur Stirling Gorrell, MD23 (Grand First Principal of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Canada) and Bro. Lloyd Samuel Breadner24 who would become Chief of the Canadian Air Staff (1939-43) and Commander of the RCAF (1943-44). The Carleton Place Town Honour Roll for World War I carries 286 names, which is believed to be the largest proportion of citizenry for a town of its size. And the actions of its Masonic citizens in war are reflected in an annual wreath laying on November 11 by the Town and also by St. John’s Lodge.

21 Now The Belleville - Temple Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville.

22 William Henry Vickers Hooper: B Mar 28, 1880, Plymouth, Devon, England; occupation Commercial Traveller; enlisted Sep 22, 1914 at Valcartier, QC, noting that he had served one year of service in South Africa; RN 2375 (source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database only). He was a member and WM of St. John’s 63, Carleton Place (1908) and DDGM of Ottawa District (1929-30). In civilian life he was Mayor of Carleton Place for a time.

23 At the present time there is no entry for his military service in either Library and Archives Canada, CEF database or Canadian Great War Project database.

24 Lloyd Samuel Breadner: B Jul 17, 1894, Carleton Place, ON; date and place of enlistment not known; no RN given; enlisted in RFC and was assigned to No. 3 (N) Sqn. Later promoted to Major and given commend of 203 Sqn RFC. Transferred to RCAF in 1924. Commanded at Camp Borden. Retired as Air Chief Marshal from the RCAF in 1954. D Mar 14, 1952 in Boston, Mass (source: Canadian Great War Project database only). 26

Evidence has survived showing that wounded masons who were captured often received better treatment from their captors who were masons themselves or who recognized the fraternity as being in a “special” category. Brother Major Hooper was one such wounded POW who received preferential treatment that probably saved his life. In another known situation Brother Robert J. Meekren25 (wounded and captured at Ypres in 1916) was befriended by a German guard who recognized masonic symbols (it is not clear whether it was through the medium of a certificate) and Meekren was able to identify other POWs who were members of the Craft and they began to hold impromptu meetings by immemorial right. German soldier’s attitudes towards Prisoners of War would change during 1917.

Sir Sam Hughes, meanwhile, had died on August 24, 1921, in Lindsay, Ontario and was buried in Riverside Cemetery amidst all the military pomp and circumstance he had earned. With General Currie now ensconced at McGill University, peace should have descended. Such did not occur and by 1924 Currie’s reputation came under attack from several military scholars and the issue of losses at Ypres (the second Battle of Ypres, 1915) was again raised primarily through a book written by Sir Andrew Macphail, a wartime veteran, who had written the official Canadian medical history of the Great War. Further damage came out of a semi-official British history entitled Sir Douglas Haig’s Command. Small newspapers and major media corporations sided for and against General Currie and the questions about wastage of lives. In March 1928 Currie’s lawyers were present for pretrial examination for discovery in General Currie’s libel suit against the Port Hope Evening Guide in which he sought $50,000 in damages. The jury heard presentations, were guided by the judge in items of law to be assessed, and took three hours to find in favour of the Plaintiff. Damages in the amount of $500.00 were awarded. The balance of his life was spent on behalf of McGill University and he died on November 30, 1933 from pneumonia.

25 Robert James Meekren: B Jun 25, 1879 in London England; enlisted on Oct 21, 1915 at Montreal, QC; RN 475483; widower; employed in textile manufacturing; previous military experience included 3 years as District Intelligence Officer with the Corps of Guides (location unspecified); assigned to 4th University Company as a Private and transferred to PPCLI in France on May 14, 1916. Taken Prisoner of War on Jan 11, 1919 and held at Stendal, Germany, until released at the Armistice (Source Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). 27

British Columbia and Yukon

British Columbia had joined the Dominion of Canada on July 20, 1871, bringing in a population of 36,247. By 1911 the population had increased tenfold to 392,480 and to 524,582 by 1921.

British Columbia is connected with thirteen Battalions of the CEF which were raised in the province during the war years. Of the thirteen, six were employed as part of the Canadian Corps on the Western Front and seven were used for recruitment and training, sent to Britain and absorbed into various Canadian units. The six fighting units included: 2nd Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles, 7th Battalion (1st British Columbia), 29th Battalion (Vancouver) (aka Tobin’s Tigers), 47th Battalion (New Westminster BC), 54th Battalion (Kootenays) and 102nd Battalion (British Columbia, Duke of Connaught’s Own). The seven support and reserve Battalions from British Columbia included: the 30th Battalion (British Columbia), 62nd Battalion (British Columbia), 88th Battalion (Victoria Fusiliers), 121st Battalion (Western Irish), 143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams), 158th Battalion (The Duke of Connaught’s Own) and 211th Battalion (American Legion). Details are provided in Appendix 2.

The Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of British Columbia had been formed on October 21, 1871 by eight of the nine English and Scottish lodges working in the new Province26. Growth in the fraternity was steady and had reached 32 Lodges with 2,020 members at the end of 1900, 62 Lodges with 5,017 members at the end of 1911, “After the declaration of war until the meeting of Grand Lodge on June 17, 1920, the number of Lodges rose from 59 to 91 inclusive — making a total of 33 new Lodges . . . while the total membership on that date had risen to 9,344 from the 5,266 reported on June 22, 1911 and the 7,902 reported on June 17, 1915” (History of Grand Lodge, p 225). During World War I, efforts were made to limit unnecessary expenses in connection with Grand Lodge and all Lodges in the Jurisdiction and a War Relief Fund was established. No action was taken in British Columbia — unlike England — to deliberately bar Freemasons of enemy alien birth from its Lodges and although the issue probably was raised in corridor discussions during the war, it was not until 1919 that the topic was hotly debated. For Freemasons in the services serving in France at the beginning of the war, the issue of the status of the Grand Lodge there created a concern which was resolved by December 1916. Grand Lodge noted in 1919 and 1920 that most Lodges had an Honour Roll of members serving abroad and killed while on active service.

The Fraternal Reports section of the digitized Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario have been of value although this should not be considered as a satisfactory replacement for individual review of each full Annual Proceeding of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia. The assistance of V.W.Bro. Trevor McKeown, Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon has been very helpful especially in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members mentioned in this section.

1913 (Jun 19, 1913) 69 Lodges with 6,344 members. Peace and prosperity throughout the Masonic jurisdiction was reported. Efforts to create a clandestine lodge holding an unrecognized American authority was noted with concern. Masonic benevolence was provided for the relief of BC brethren,

26 Union Lodge, No. 1201 EC, would remain under English authority until September 1872 when it affiliated and became Union Lodge, No. 9 BCR. 28 widows and orphans ($1,883) and for transients ($3,607).

1914 (Jun 18, 1914) 77 Lodges with 7,176 members. For a second year, Grand Lodge was informed of efforts to defraud unsuspecting men by offering spurious degrees. Perpetrators were arrested and fined. The Grand Master noted that attendance at peripatetic Annual Communications was of little benefit to the Craft and recommended that a decision be made to meet annually in one location.

1915 (Jun 17, 1916) 79 Lodges with 7,678 members. Deaths included M.W.Bros. Israel Wood Powell (the first GM, 1871) and L. R. Johnson (GM 1885). The Grand Master noted that “. . . . Our fraternity has nobly responded to the country’s call, by giving as its quota the very best material it possesses. Many of our brethren have gone to the front . . . . and it is our part . . . to do all in our power for their cheer, comfort and encouragement. . . . Many valuable lives have already been sacrificed on the battlefield.” He recommended that candidates should not be initiated on the same night they are accepted and Grand Lodge approved the imposition of a two week separation between the two actions. A resolution of loyalty and devotion to the King was unanimously adopted, sent to London, and “a most gracious reply was received from His Majesty while Grand Lodge was still in session.” Benevolence had become a watchword during wartime and Grand Lodge sent $1,000 to the Belgian Relief Fund.

1916 (Jun 22, 1916) 80 Lodges with 7,797 members. Deaths included M.W.Bros. R. B. McMicking (GM 1894) and W. Dalby (GM 1896). Many lodges felt the effects of the war through the loss of some of their best and most active members to service abroad. Honor Rolls had been started in many lodges. On the recommendation of the Grand Master, Grand Lodge approved the rank of “Right Worshipful” to DDGMs on the successful completion of their term of office. An amendment to the Constitution was adopted that future annual communications would be held alternatively at New Westminster, Victoria and Vancouver.

1917 (Jun 21, 1917) 80 Lodges with 7,683 members. The Craft was prospering in spite of the war and many brethren were serving the colours and “. . . . some of lodges have sent forth no less than 38 per cent of their membership to do battle with the enemy . . . .” In every lodge there were rolls of honour with many names of members who had given their lives. A resolution was adopted expressing the gratitude of Grand Lodge to the United States in joining with the forces of the Empire.

1918 (Jun 20, 1918) 80 lodges with 7,951 members. Deaths included M.W.Bro. E. E. Chipman (GM 1902). The condition of masonry in the jurisdiction was good but wartime losses were jeopardizing many of the smaller lodges who had given their best members.

1919 (Jun 19, 1919) 80 Lodges with 7,963 members. Deaths included M.W.Bros. S. Clarke (GM 1893) and J. Stark (GM 1914). The Craft continued to prosper in the jurisdiction and many lodges have been doing sterling work given the increase in applications for membership. The interest in Freemasonry led many men to drive long distances (30 miles or more) to attend Lodge. The following paragraph has been bordered to focus some attention on it insofar as it represents the great feelings of members of the craft against those who disregarded the principles, tenets and landmarks, to begin and prosecute the war.

The concern of British Columbia Freemasons for the actions of Germany and Austria in starting 29 the war and in committing grievous and heinous crimes against other countries and people is reflected in an important resolution which was presented by two Past Grand Masters: “That for a period of 10 years from this date (the Annual Communication of 1919) no man of German birth shall be eligible for election to any Lodge under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia.” However, the Committee on Jurisprudence assessed the proposal and suggested the following as being more amendable to Grand Lodge: “It having been established that Germany and Austria began the terrible war now about to be brought to a victorious close by the signing by Germany of a peace dictated by the Allied Powers, and it having been proven that they, having violated every law of God and man in trying to force their will on the world, and this Grand Lodge having severed all fraternal relationship with German and Austrian Lodges, we recommend that our membership be further advised that in all applications received by constituent Lodges for initiation and affiliation from those of enemy alien birth, due caution be exercised by and through Freemasonry’s foundation stone, the ballot.” (1920 Ontario Proceedings, p xv-xvi)

1920 (Jun 17-18, 1920) 87 Lodges with 8,975 members. The Grand Master had ruled that “The Order of the Eastern Star may not be allowed to meet in a Masonic Hall which has been dedicated” and this decision was approved by Grand Lodge. The Grand Historian submitted a report on the various receptions given by BC lodges to their returning veterans. It was also noted that previous recognition of various grand of France were being withdrawn in the immediate postwar period.

In the 1919 Annual Proceedings, Grand Lodge published an Honour Roll based on information received from Lodges: 80 Lodges reported 1,464 serving brethren of which 73 had died on service during the period of the War (refer to Appendix 5).

Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur William Currie, GCMG, KCB, commander of the First Canadian Corps in France from June 1917 until the Armistice, returned to Canada at the end of hostilities. Born on Dec 5, 1875 on a farm outside Strathroy, Ontario, almost the first half of his life was spent in British Columbia: as a teacher at Sydney (north of Victoria), in insurance and in the growing real estate business. He joined the British Columbia Brigade, Canadian Garrison Artillery as a Gunner, was commissioned in 1901 and promoted in 1905 to Major and second-in-command of the 5th Regiment. In parallel with his passion for the militia, Currie joined Vancouver and Quadra Lodge, No. 2 BCR, Victoria (Initiated May 4, 1898, Passed Jun 15, 1898, Raised Aug 3, 1898, GL Certificate #1262) and later served as WM (1905) and as DDGM of District 1, Victoria (1907). In spite of the War, General Currie was a regular in his attendance at Lodge meetings as his schedule permitted, and was a frequent visitor to Canada Lodge, No. 3527 EC, London. In the holdings of the , Ottawa, is Brother Currie’s Master Mason apron. It is the only known one of its kind and the traditional blue trim has been replaced with khaki trim. He retired as Commanding Officer of the 5th in 1913 and within a year had assumed command of the Gordon Highlanders. With the outbreak of war he was given command of the Second Brigade, which formed one of the CEF’s provisional units and was sent to England, and then France, where Currie was promoted to Brigadier-General of the First Canadian Division which he commanded at Vimy in April 1917, and was promoted in June 1917 to command of the Canadian Corps (with its four Divisions). In 1919 he was promoted to full general (the first Canadian in the dominion’s history to attain this rank) and was appointed Inspector-General, resigning in July 1920. In August 1920 he was appointed Principal and Vice Chancellor of McGill University. He died on November 30, 1933 in Montreal and his passing was noted with regret at the June 1934 Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia. (Masonic Source: Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon 30 membership records via V.W.Bro. Trevor W. McKeown.)

The Victoria Cross was awarded to ten soldiers connected with British Columbia and Yukon, although only one was born in the province. The others emigrated here at various times. Of these, four members of the Craft who were awarded the Victoria Cross were connected with British Columbia Lodges: Bros. John MacGregor and Cyrus Wesley Peck were initiated members of BC Lodges and Bros. Robert Gordon McBeath and Robert Hill Hanna joined lodges outside of Canada but affiliated with BC Lodges. A fifth masonic VC, Lt.-Col. , has no identifiable Canadian masonic link although he lived in Winnipeg, Victoria and Vancouver.

Brother John MacGregor was born Feb 11, 1889 at Cawdor, near Nairn, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1909 and went into contracting at Powell River BC. In March 1915 he enlisted as a Private soldier in the 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles (#116301) and was sent overseas. He was later promoted to Sergeant and awarded the DCM and Bar. He earned his VC between Sep 29 and Oct 3, 1918, when a Canadian advance on Cambrai was bogged down by German machine-guns. MacGregor dashed ahead and put some out of action, being wounded in the process. As German resistance stiffened he took charge of the leading wave of assault troops and continued the advance to take Neuville Saint-Rémy which allowed other troops to keep the advance going. After the war he returned to Powell River but little is known of his life. At the outbreak of WWII he enlisted with the Canadian Scottish and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and put in charge of the Canadian Army Training Centre at Wainwright, Alberta. At the end of WWII he returned again to Powell River and established a concrete plant at Cranberry Lake. He joined Tyee Lodge, No. 66 BCR, Prince Rupert (Initiated Mar 2, 1920, Passed Sep 29, 1920 and Raised Mar 8, 1921; Grand Lodge Certificate #9423). He resigned from the Lodge on Jan 14, 1941. He affiliated with Westview Lodge, No. 133 BCR, Powell River on May 2, 1950 (this Lodge amalgamated with Triune No. 81 BCR, Powell River on Oct 9, 1996). D Jun 9, 1952 in Powell River and is buried at Cranberry Lake Cemetery. (See Appendix 3 #42. Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database; Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

Brother Cyrus Wesley Peck was born on April 26, 1871 at Hopewell Hill, NB. He later moved with his parents to New Westminster, BC, where he became a broker representing sawmill, canning and towing interests. He joined Tsimpsean Lodge, No. 58 BCR, Prince Rupert (Initiated Dec 4, 1911, Passed unknown date, Raised Feb 22, 1912). He was also Unionist MP for Skeena. He joined the militia and was given a captain’s commission in the 30th Bn and later sailed to England. In April 1915 he was promoted Major and transferred to the 16th Bn CEF. At Festubert, France, on May 21, 1915, he was wounded in both legs. In January 1916 he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and given command of the Regiment He received his VC for actions during the September 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector. A strong tank force was despatched against the Germans with Peck’s Battalion as one of the supporting units. Encountering stiff resistance he made a personal reconnaissance and led a counterattack, directing supporting tanks towards the Germans and securing the area. After the war he returned to Skeena and resumed his work as MP and became active in veteran’s issues. He later represented Saanich and the islands as MLA in the BC legislature. From 1936-41 he sat on the Canadian Pension Commission and served as aide-de- camp to two Governors General. D Sep 27, 1956 and is buried in New Westminster, BC. (See Appendix 3 #58. Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database; Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.) 31

Brother Robert Gordon McBeath, a Scot, Lance Corporal McBeath of the Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, Duke of Albany’s) received the Victoria Cross for his actions during the Battle of Cambrai. On his return to Scotland after the Armistice was signed, he joined Lodge St. Mary’s Caledonian Operative, No. 339, Inverness (Initiated July 12, 1919, Passed October 29, 1921, Raised April 18, 1922). He and his wife removed to Vancouver where he first joined the British Columbia Provincial Police and affiliated with Mount Hermon Lodge, No. 7 BCR, Vancouver. Several months later he joined the Vancouver Police Force and on October 9, 1922, while patrolling with his partner, Detective R. Quirk, he was shot and killed by an impaired driver the two had arrested. He was 23 years old at the time. (See Appendix 3 #41. Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross and V.W.Bro. Trevor W. McKeown.)

Brother Robert Hill Hanna was born on August 6, 1887 in , Co. Down, Ireland. (B Aug 6, 1887, Kilkeel County, Ireland, where he received his education and took a job as lumberjack before emigrating to Canada. At the outbreak of war he joined the 29th Bn, British Columbia Regiment. Private 75361 Hannah was later promoted to Company Sergeant Major and received his VC for action at Lens. He was in command of B Company at Hill 70, and led his under-strength unit to take a major German position which was halting the Canadian advance, holding it until relieved by a refreshed Canadian group. He was later promoted to Lieutenant. He joined Canada Lodge, No. 3527 EC, in London on October 15, 1918. In the post war period he ran a logging camp and later took up farming. He affiliated with Keystone-Lions Lodge, No. 115 BCR, Vancouver on October 6, 1938. D June 15, 1967 at Mount Lehman, BC and is buried in the Masonic Cemetery, Burbank, BC. (See Appendix 3 #26. Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database; Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

Although a citizen of both Vancouver and Victoria (as well as Winnipeg) there are absolutely no indications that Brother Sergeant (later Lieutenant-Colonel) Robert Shankland was a member of a anywhere in Canada. Born in Ayr, Scotland on October 10, 1887, the son of a railroad guard, his first job was as a clerk in the stationmaster’s office. He came to Winnipeg 1910 and worked as assistant cashier at the for the Crescent Creamery Company. At the outbreak of war he enlisted as a private (#420933) in the 43rd Bn (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) CEF and accompanied his unit to the Western Front. He was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal in 1916 for his actions at Sanctuary Wood and was later commissioned in the Battalion. He was awarded the VC for his actions on October 26, 1917 as a Company Lieutenant at Passchendaele. Leading his platoon against a major hill overlooking the Belgian town he saw that the units on his right and left were forced to withdraw slowly, leaving the 43rd exposed. He returned to Battalion HQ, explained the situation, defined a plan to counter the situation, and returned to his company to lead the forthcoming counterattack. One of the attacking units, the 52nd, was commanded by another Manitoban, Christopher O’Kelly whose unit was able to retake a vacated position, rout an exposed advancing German column and then destroy six pillboxes, capturing 100 Germans. After the war Lieutenant Shankland returned to Winnipeg and served as secretary-manager for several firms as well as remaining in the Militia (the Cameron Highlanders). He later moved to Victoria and joined the Canadian Scottish Regiment. In WWII he re-enlisted and held the rank of Major. He was considered too old for active combat and he was appointed Camp Commandant of the Canadian Army Headquarters in England. In 1946 he took his discharge and returned to Vancouver where he served as secretary of a Securities firm. D Jan 20, 1968, Shaughnessy, Vancouver and his ashes were scattered at Mountain View Cemetery.) He was a member of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 204 32

SC, Ayr, Scotland (Initiated Aug 16, 1901, Passed Aug 30, 1909 and Raised Sep 13, 1909). A search of the records of the Grand Lodges of Manitoba and British Columbia and Yukon, shows no applications from him to affiliate with any Lodges there. (See App 3 #74. Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database; Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross; R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Librarian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba and V.W.Bro. Trevor W. McKeown.)

One British Columbia member of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, finding himself in Havre by 1916, was a founder member of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre. This was

HARVEY, F. A. — Pte #442099 — 7 Can. Battn. C. B. D. Rouilles and No. 2 Lines Canadian Gen. Base Depot (#52) — Founder 49 — member of Kootenay Lodge, No. 15 Canada, Revelstoke, BC, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full Name: Frederick Adam Harvey; B Feb 25, 1888, Brookfield. Nova Scotia; trainman; unmarried; enlisted July 14, 1915, Vernon, BC; RN 442099; member of the 54th Bn, CEF, D Nov 30, 1955 (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Masonic: member of Kootenay Lodge, No. 15 BCR, Revelstoke, BC; Initiated Nov 14, 1913; Passed May 5, 1914; Raised Oct 3, 1914; GL Certificate #6534; Demitted Jan 24, 1938; Affiliated (rejoined) Mar 28, 1949 (Source: Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon membership records via V.W.Bro. Trevor W. McKeown.) 33

Alberta

In 1901 Alberta could boast a population of 73,022. The Province had joined the Dominion of Canada on September 1, 1905, the same day as Saskatchewan. By 1911 Alberta had grown to 374,295 and to 588,454 by 1921 as many Europeans moved from war-torn areas to the vast and unsettled areas of countries like Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States.

Alberta is linked with 23 Battalions of the CEF which were raised during the war years. Eight could be termed “fighting units” as they served on the Western Front and 15 were established and served as recruitment and training battalions which fed their personnel to the CEF’s fighting battalions both in Canada and in Britain. Details and summary histories are listed in Appendix 2. The eight fighting units included: the Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, 10th Battalion, 31st (Alberta) Battalion, 49th Battalion, 50th (Calgary) Battalion, 51st Battalion, 56th Battalion (Calgary Highlanders) and 63rd Battalion. The fifteen Battalions which were established for recruitment and training included: 9th Battalion, 82nd Battalion, 113th Battalion (Lethbridge Highlanders), 137th (Calgary) Battalion, 138th Battalion (), 151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, 175th (Medicine Hat) Battalion, 187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, 191st (Southern Alberta) Battalion, 192nd (Crow’s Nest Pass) Battalion, 194th Battalion (Edmonton Highlanders), 202nd Battalion (Sportsmans), 218th (Edmonton) Battalion, 233rd Battalion (Canadiens-Français du Nord-Ouest) and 260th Battalion (Alberta).

Many Lodges which existed prior to the creation of the Grand Lodge of Alberta held their authority from the Grand Lodge of Manitoba. By the summer of 1905 the District of Alberta comprised 18 lodges: twelve using the Ancient and six using the Canadian Ritual. Following the formation of the Dominion’s new Province, Freemasons in the new province met and, with the support of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba, formed the Grand Lodge of Alberta on October 12, 1905. There were 1,169 members in the 18 Lodges of the new Grand Lodge. Growth was steady: 55 Lodges and 3,823 members by 1910, 89 Lodges (6,672 members) by 1914, 93 Lodges (7,166 members) by 1915, 93 Lodges (7,504 members) by 1916, 103 Lodges (7,984 members) by 1917 and 108 Lodges (8,546 members) by 1918. By 1920 Grand Lodge could boast of 119 lodges and 10,485 members. During the 1914-18 period the Grand Masters of the four western Grand Lodges began to meet on a regular annual basis and this became a Conference of Grand Masters.

The Fraternal Reports section of the digitized Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario have been of value. The assistance of R.W. Bro. George Tapley, PDDGM and PM of the Internet Lodge of Research, GRA, has been very helpful, particularly in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members.

1913 (May 28, 1913) 70 Lodges with 5,166 members. Good growth in the Craft in Alberta was noted. The Grand Master advised the attendees that other Grand Lodges had taken up the question of a Masonic Home and School Fund and he commended the matter to Alberta lodges for their consideration. Recognition was extended to the Grand Lodges of Costa Rica and the Philippines. Only one application for Benevolence had been made to Grand Lodge.

1914 (May 27, 1914) 84 Lodges with 6,039 members. Good growth in the jurisdiction was noted with the consecration and institution of nine new Lodges. The Grand Master recommended that each Lodge in the jurisdiction might consider becoming incorporated. Recognition of the York Grand Lodge of Mexico had been requested but action was deferred. It was noted that a proposal 34 had been received to attend a conference to discuss the creation of a central masonic body. But it was also noted that as each Grand Lodge is sovereign and independent, it would be unwise to create such an organization.

1915 (May 26, 1915) 89 Lodges with 6,672 members. Grand Lodge was reminded forcefully of the War with the first item of business: approval of a motion to cable the King noting the Grand Lodge’s fealty and that in the present war “. . . the Freemasons of Alberta are ready and willing to loyally bear their share of the Empire’s burden.” Correspondence between the Grand Lodges of Saskatchewan and Alberta was tabled in which Saskatchewan “desired some reciprocal arrangements for the waiving of jurisdiction in the case of Masonic material residing nearer lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan than to Lodges in Alberta’s jurisdiction.” It was recommended and agreed that no general action be taken and that individual cases should be considered on their own merits. The Grand Master advised that he had accepted an invitation from Canada Lodge No. 3527 EC in London to provide sufficient funds to maintain a Field Hospital Contingent and his request to each Mason in the Province to contribute $1.00 had already generated $1,500. He also noted that M. W. Bro. Dr. George Macdonald (the first Grand Master of Grand Lodge, 1905 and Grand Secretary 1907-1916) had enlisted for service at the front27. A motion was subsequently made, seconded and approved, that Grand Lodge establish a Patriotic Fund for Masonic Dependents and that $1,000 be immediately provided from the accounts of Grand Lodge. In addition $1,000 had been raised by Grand Lodge for relief of suffering in consequence of the disaster at the Hillcrest mine28 and this had been matched by another $1,000 sent directly by Lodges and individual members.. The Grand Master recommended Grand Lodge to consider essential changes in ritual and in essential forms. He also noted that “many of the lodges would take advantage of the Act of Incorporation if brought to their notice.” Recognition was extended to the National, Independent and Regular Grand Lodge of France and an exchange of representatives was authorized. Recognition of the York Grand Lodge of Mexico was not approved.

1916 (May 31, 1916) 93 Lodges with 7,166 members. Grand Lodge’s first item of business was authorizing the transmittal of a message to the King expressing “. . . the loyalty and fealty (of Grand Lodge and its full membership) to His Majesty and the Empire,” pledging their services already extended and with more to come and emphasizing their willingness to make sacrifices for the cause of liberty and justice in which the Empire was engaged. One such sacrifice occurred when the Grand Secretary, M.W.Bro. George Macdonald was ordered overseas with his regiment. The Grand Master reported that he had received a request from brethren in the 56th Overseas Battalion to grant a dispensation for the formation of a masonic Lodge. He reviewed the situation with available members of the Board and investigated the situation, concluding that various masonic authorities were opposed to such action. Alberta masons were encouraged to make contributions to the Patriotic Fund as the need to provide support was increasing. The number of names on Lodge Rolls of Honour were increasing. Grand Lodge approved the wording for issuance by

27 Dr. George MacDonald enlisted on Jan 2, 1915 at Calgary and was commissioned as a Lieutenant- Colonel (Physician and Surgeon) in Headquarters of the 15th Light Horse. He was transferred into the 12th Regiment Canadian Mounted Rifles and survived the War as a Colonel in the Canadian Infantry (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database).

28 Reportedly the worst coal mine disaster in Canada, the event occurred at Hillcrest, AB, on Jun 19, 1914. Deaths totalled 189 (out of an estimated 228 men who were working at the time) and 130 women were widowed and 400 children were left fatherless. The mine was considered the best run operation in north America, had a total of 377 men on the payroll, and the average wage paid was $125.00 per month. 35

Lodges of an “Active Card certificate.” This was a practice undertaken by Ontario Lodges as a replacement for the Grand Lodge Certificate29. The Certificate was not to be used in the United Kingdom.

Grand Lodge of Alberta — Active Card Certificate

“ ...... Lodge, No...... , A.F. & A.M. of ...... , Alberta, Canada, under the jurisdiction and with the approval of the Grand Lodge of Alberta, has issued this card to Bro...... a member thereof, whose signature is appended.

...... W. M.

...... Secretary

Signature of Holder ......

The above-named Lodge presents and vouches for the brother to whom this card is issued as a worthy Master Mason and so commends him for brotherly care and lawful aid to any Mason who may find him in distress or need, incident to his service as a British Soldier, with the assurance that the courtesies so extended will be deeply appreciated and reciprocated should the occasion arise.

This card is not available for use within the United Kingdom or Canada and must be returned to the Secretary of the Lodge as soon as possible after peace has been declared.

(Source: Grand Lodge of Alberta, 1916 Annual Proceedings, p 34)

1917 (May 30, 1917) 95 Lodges with 7,504 members. It was estimated that 10% of the membership of Alberta’s Masonic lodges had enlisted and Grand Lodge approved a motion that “The Grand Lodge of Alberta, A.F. & A.M., in Annual Communication, places itself on record as welcoming such steps as will compel into national Service all the available resources in Men, Material and Wealth which this Dominion possess, in order that the struggle may the sooner be brought to a successful and permanent resolution.” This was communicated to the Prime Minister. One consequence, as noted by the Grand Master, was that “. . . the welfare of the widows and children of our departed brethren must be for years to come the principal concern of this fraternity.”

29 This was a number of years before the advent of the Dues Card and it was usual for Freemasons when travelling to unknown Lodges to carry their Grand Lodge Certificate as proof of their bona fides. 36

Growth in the jurisdiction was measured, in part, by the establishment of several new lodges. The Grand Master decided he did not have the authority to grant a dispensation to initiate a candidate who was not physically perfect.

1918 (May 29, 1918) 103 Lodges with 7,984 members. The Patriotic Fund totalled $3,694 and members were encourage to continue their financial support to assist returning Masonic Veterans and their dependents at home and abroad. To achieve this end the Grand Master had issued a letter to all members dated July 1917 wherein he established a Fund target of $25,000 by July 1918. Regrettably, by January 1919 the Patriotic Fund (then renamed as the Great War Fund) contained less than $20,000 and during the year would be combined with the Masonic Home and School Fund and the Hillcrest Disaster Fund and renamed the Masonic Benevolent Fund. On receipt of news of the Halifax disaster, Grand Lodge had sent $1,000 to assist in relief efforts.

1919 (May 11-12, 1919) 110 Lodges with 8,546 members. Revisions to the Ritual and Constitution were reviewed in detail and most were accepted and some held over. The Grand Master noted that “. . . the principle of Brotherhood is mightier than that of strife and competition and that the measuring lines of Truth and Justice are being used today on systems and methods as they never were before.” Interestingly he commented on a present-day Masonic challenge when he said “. . . smaller outlying Lodges afford the promise of greatest masonic strength . . . . In cities we are over-organised.” The Benevolent Fund had increased by $17,151.94. A Special Committee had been created to review the proposed recognition of: Grand Lodge of Panama (not recommended), Grand Lodge of Mexico (not recommended), National Independent and Regular Grand Lodge of France (recognition to be withdrawn) and Grand Orient of France (full recognition recommended). There was no further reference to this item. Discussion of the Committee’s report was supposed to take place after lunch on the day of its presentation, but this didn’t happen and the recommendations may not all have been adopted.

1920 (Jun 10, 1920) 112 Lodges with 9,343 members. The Grand Master reported that thirteen of the fourteen Districts had held Lodges of Instruction during the year and that he and the Grand Secretary (and other varying number of Grand officers) had been in attendance. The response of the membership with regard to the benevolent Fund saw it increased to $45,000 which had been invested in Dominion and Provincial securities.

As already mentioned, the Alberta Military Representation Act, specified that two members of the Legislative Assembly could be chosen by soldiers overseas. In 1917, Bro. Captain Robert Pearson, the “fighting Parson” placed first in a field of 20. The second MLA to be elected was a 36-year old nurse, Lt. Roberta MacAdams, the only woman slated.

Bro. Robert Pearson was born May 18, 1879, in Ethel, Huron County, Ontario. He died on Jul 3, 1956, Vancouver, BC. In 1908 he married Beulah Colling in Calgary and they had one daughter, Marion Elizabeth. He joined Ashlar Lodge, No. 28 GRA, Calgary (est 1907) in 1908 and served as Chaplain (1909). He later affiliated with Kenilworth Lodge, No. 29 GRA, Red Deer (est 1907) and was elected JW. He was a founder member of Crescent Lodge, No. 87 GRA, Calgary (est 1914) and was elected and approved as the first WM. At Grand Lodge he was appointed as Grand Chaplain in 1912 and 1919. At some time before the war he enlisted in the 103rd Militia Regiment and on Nov 4, 1915 he applied for overseas service in order to serve the needs of his fellow soldiers in the trenches. He was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the 89th Overseas Battalion, CEF (no Regimental Number being assigned) and was later promoted to Captain. After returning 37 to Alberta he ministered in Lethbridge where he affiliated with North Star Lodge, No. 4 GRA (est 1888), Lethbridge. He demitted from Crescent 87 in 1925 and from North Star 4 in 1931. He died in Vancouver, BC on July 3, 1956 and the age of 77 years.

In each of the Annual Proceedings of 1915, -16, -17 and -18, Grand Lodge published an Honour Roll of deaths of brethren serving the colours, from information provided by Lodges. When duplicate entries are factored out the total number of brethren who died totals 77. In cases where reported dates of death varies with CGWP data, I have used the latter. The information is assembled by Lodge and is provided in Appendix 6. The listing has been graciously provided by R.W.Bro. G. Tapley.

Six native-born Albertans and one who emigrated to Edmonton before the war, had joined the colours and fought in France and Belgium and all seven were recipients of the Victoria Cross for actions on the battlefield. One became a member of the Craft in the post war period.

One member of the CEF from Calgary, a member of Perfection Lodge 9 GRA, of that city became a founder member of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, in Havre, France:

VERNON, F. — Bandsman Pte. #86236 — 31st Can. Battn. Central Training Camp, Harfleur — Founder 56 — member of Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GRC30, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full Name Fernleigh Vernon, B July 30, 1887, Plymouth, Devonshire, England; Musician; married; enlisted Apr 12, 1915 at Calgary, AB; assigned to the 31st Bn, CEF and listed as a Corporal. (Source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Before leaving England he was a member of the Territorial Army, Devon Road Garrison Artillery; arrived at New York from Southampton on November 27, 1908 on the Adriatic but his final destination was unclear as was his arrival in Calgary although he was listed as a fireman at Calgary’s No. 1 Station in 1911, an employee of Vernon & Ward, Tobacconist in 1912, and a shipper of the Sheet Metal Manufacturing Company in 1913; there is no available information about his life in the post war period. (source: City Directories and ancestry.ca.) (3) Masonic: He was member of Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GLA, Calgary, AB; Initiated December 10, 1912; Passed January 28, 1913; Raised February 25, 1913; occupation at initiation shown as “Draying,” Died December 11, 1946, Edmonton, AB. (Source: Grand Lodge of Alberta.)

As noted on page 25, Captain Arthur Roy Brown, DSC and Bar, of the Royal Flying Corps is credited with shooting down the German ace Manfred von Richthofen (the “Red Baron”) on April 21, 1918. The Baron was preoccupied with chasing and attempting to shoot down Captain Wilfred Reid (“Wop”) May, DFC. Brother Brown was a member of Carleton Lodge, No. 63 GRC, Carleton Place (initiated 1915). Bro. May who would become well-known for his involvement in civil aviation in Canada joined Freemasonry in the postwar period and was a member of Unity Lodge, No. 51 GRA, Edmonton (EA Jun 21, 1921, FC Oct 29, 1921, MM Nov 26, 1921, demitted May 3, 1928, rejoined Apr 4, 1944) and an affiliated member of Ivanhoe Lodge No. 142 GRA, Edmonton (Feb 15, 1941, demitted Jan 17, 1951) and Yellowknife Lodge No. 162 (charter member Feb 11, 1946). Captain May had enlisted on Feb 18, 1916 at Edmonton and assigned as Private 231048 to the 202nd Bn CEF. He later transferred to the RFC, passed out of pilots’ training and was assigned

30 The name and number refer to Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GRA, Calgary. 38 as Captain to the 208th Sqn. For a while in the immediate postwar period Captain May did stunt flying (barnstorming). He was able to secure a Curtis JN-4 Jenny aircraft and designed a business plan to operate a commercial flying business out of the Edmonton airport which was approved by the city. He applied to the newly established Canadian Air Board and was issued with Commercial Licence #7. His business was reasonably successful and focussed on flying into the “great white north.” During one of his excursions “north of the Arctic Circle” the first Masonic meeting to be held north of the Circle, was opened in due form at Coppermine (67E48' North Latitude and 115E15' West Longitude). After a successful business he died on Jun 21, 1952. (Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database.)

Another Alberta flier of note was Frederick McCall, DSO, MC*, DFC (Dec 4, 1896-Jan 22, 1949). Born Dec 4, 1896, in Vernon, BC, he came to Calgary with his family in 1906. On Feb 16, 1916 he enlisted as Private #696243 in the 175th Bn CEF. He was posted to England and onwards to France, where he arrived in August. Commissioned as a Lieutenant (pilot trainee) in March 1917 he joined No. XIII Squadron RAF, on the Western Front and was later transferred to No. 41 Squadron. By war’s end he was credited with 35 confirmed and 2 unconfirmed victories and had been promoted to Captain and returned to Calgary in August 1918. Here he founded McCall Aero Corporation Limited (1920), flying commercial freight and passengers across, particularly to Banff. Later he founded Great Western Airways. With the declaration of war in 1939, McCall was recalled into the RCAF with the rank of . He died at Calgary on Jan 22, 1949. Frederick McCall petitioned Calgary Lodge, No. 23 GRA, Calgary to become a member in April 1916, at the age of 20. He was sponsored by J. F. McCall and B. B. Lockwood. Dispensation was requested to admit him under age and this was approved (Initiated May 1916, Passed and Raised July 1916). He attended Lodge on Aug 4, 1916 and Sep 1, 1916, just prior to being sent abroad. After returning to Calgary at war’s end, he attended Lodge only sporadically until 1919 and in February 1924 he was one of ten brethren who were suspended NPD. (Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_McCall.) 39

Saskatchewan

The new Province of Saskatchewan, brought its population of 91,279 (1901) into the Dominion of Canada on September 1, 1905. Its Masonic lodges, like those in the future province of Alberta, held their authority from the Grand Lodge of Manitoba. By 1906 there were 29 lodges holding Charters or Dispensations and with the approval and support of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba, they formed the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan on August 9, 1906. Statistics indicate that in 1907 there were 35 lodges and 1,360 members. By 1914 there 113 registered Lodges with 862 members and by 1918 this had increased to 135 Lodges with 678 members. Population had increased as well, reaching 492,432 by 1911 and 757,510 by 1921.

Saskatchewan’s population was able to provide the manpower for nineteen CEF Battalions — three fighting battalions served in France and Flanders and sixteen were used for recruiting and training purposes. The three fighting battalions were: 5th Battalion (Western Cavalry), 28th Battalion (Northwest) and 46th Battalion (South Saskatchewan). The sixteen support battalions included: the 53rd Battalion (Northern Saskatchewan, 65th Battalion (North Saskatchewan), 68th Battalion (Regina), 96th Battalion (North Saskatchewan), 128th (Moose Jaw) Battalion, 152nd (Weyburn-Estevan) Battalion, 188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, 195th (City of Regina) Battalion, 209th (Swift ) Battalion, 210th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, 214th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, 217th (Qu’Appelle) Battalion, 229th (South Saskatchewan) Battalion, 232nd (Saskatchewan) Battalion, 243rd Battalion and 249th (Saskatchewan) Battalion. Details appear in Appendix 2.

During the war six soldiers from Saskatchewan received the Victoria Cross for action on the battlefields in Europe. All were immigrants: from USA (2), England (1), Scotland (2) and Ireland (1). The listing appears in Appendix 3. It was determined during August-September 2013 that one, Lieutenant Robert Grierson Combe, was a member of the Craft. According to notes held at the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan regarding the early years of Melville Lodge, No. 62 GRS, Melville, “Word was received that Bro. R. G. Combe had been killed in action, May 3, 1917, and for Gallantry on that occasion was awarded, posthumously, the Victoria Cross. A suitable notation has been engraved to this effect on the Lodge Roll of Honour. He was killed in action at a place named Fresnoy.” Grand Lodge has confirmed that he was initiated on March 13, 1911, Passed July 10, 1911 and Raised Dec 22, 1911.

One member of the CEF from Saskatchewan, a Freemason, became a founder member of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre :

BREWIS, R. — Sapper #5345 — “C” Company, C. E. T. D. ------Camp, Sussex — Founder 47 — member of Assiniboia Lodge, No. 49 GRS, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Robert William Brewis; B Jul 22, 1881, Barrow-on-Furness, England; Machinist; unmarried; 8 years previous experience in 1st Durham R.E., enlisted Sep 23, 1914, location not specified and placed in “Divisional Engineers” #5345 (Library and Archives Canada, CEF database). (2) Masonic: Robert William Brewis, profession on application for degrees in Assiniboia Lodge, No. 49 GRS, Regina, was “machinist.” Initiated Apr 14, 1914, Passed Jun 12, 1914 and Raised Aug 7, 1914. Served as WM 1923. Made an Honourary Life Member on May 17, 1939. Died Sep 18, 1948 in Victoria, BC. (Source: M.W.Bro. Richard A. H. Brown, GM (1997-98) and Acting |Grand Secretary, Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan and Past Lodge Secretary of Assiniboia Lodge.) 40

The Fraternal Reports section of the digitized Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario have been of value in following masonic developments within Saskatchewan. The assistance of M.W.Bro. Richard Brown, PGM and Acting Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan has been very helpful, particularly in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members.

1913 (Jun 18, 1913) 106 Lodges with 5,090 members. The Grand Master noted that an enquiry on forming Chapters of the Eastern Star in Saskatchewan could not be considered as “. . . (the Order) is not Masonic, nor in any way founded upon Ancient Craft Masonry, therefore the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan has no more to say about it.” He also indicated he refused dispensations to initiate a candidate who had lost one foot, to confer degrees short of constitutional time, and to re-ballot on a rejected candidate. The Benevolent Fund was reported to have reached $8,800 and there had been no calls on the Fund during the previous year.

1914 (Jun 17, 1914) 113 Lodges with 5,952 members. After review the Grand Lodges of Egypt and the Philippine Islands were recognized but recognition of the York Grand Lodge of Mexico was deferred.

1915 (Jun 16, 1915) 116 Lodges with 6,705 members. Progress and growth were excellent and the Grand Master urged all Lodges to seek only the best qualified for membership (quality not quantity being the watchword). He ruled that a Master from another jurisdiction who affiliated with a lodge in the jurisdiction was qualified to be elected as WM provided documentary evidence had been provided of his having filled the office previously for one full year, and he need not in that case serve one year as a Warden in Saskatchewan. An appeal for funds for a special “war fund” generated $3,200. Grand Lodge extended recognition to the Grand Lodge of Queensland.

1916 (Jun 21, 1916) 122 Lodges with 7,117 members. Greetings were received, via the safe hands of the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of BC, from brethren “members of a British Columbia battalion, who held an informal meeting in the trenches in Belgium, and sent ‘good wishes and fraternal regards of those brethren who are deprived of the advantages of lodge meetings, but who have not forgotten their Masonic relationship’.” The Grand Master again noted the phenomenal growth of the Craft in Saskatchewan, which he saw as related to the growth in overall population (1905 - 195,000 and 1915 - 700,000). By Dec 31, 1915, over 500 masons in the jurisdiction had enlisted for overseas service and the number had increased even in the first half of 1916. But the Grand Master regretted that he had no authority to sanction the issuance of Masonic Certificates to Masons enlisting for overseas service. The Benevolent Fund had grown to $2,500 and there had been no requests for assistance.

1917 (Jun 20, 1917) 125 Lodges and 8,071 members. Masons of the jurisdiction were reminded that assistance to needy veterans and their families was not a charity but a duty to assist those who joined the colours, and particularly to support the surviving dependents of those who gave their lives. Grand Lodge approved a forty cent annual levy specifically for the Grand Lodge benevolent Fund. During 1916, 509 members of the jurisdiction had enlisted in the forces, and 28 brethren had lost their lives on the field of battle.

1918 (Jun 19, 1918) 135 Lodges and 8,286 members. It was noted with pleasure that Canada had achieved the age of 50 years with the guidance and support of strong and skilled leaders. An appeal for support to increase the holding of the Benevolent Fund realized $3,500 during the year. 41

Recognition was extended to the Independent and Regular Grand Lodge of France and members of Lodges in Saskatchewan were “given permission to hold fraternal intercourse with brethren belonging to the Grand Lodge of France, the and the Grand Orient of Belgium during the continuance of the war.”

1919 (Jun 18, 1919) 138 Lodges and 9,140 members. The Armistice on November 11 was greeted with great happiness — tempered by the disastrous influenza epidemic which took its toll around the world and in Saskatchewan. In spite of negative effects the Craft was growing. One element of that growth was the size of the benevolent Fund which had increased to $82,000. The minutes of Victory Lodge No. 144 GRS, Saskatoon, record “the Great Masonic Picnic of 1919.” They read: “Perhaps nothing that Local masons have ever done brought the Craft as prominently before the public as the Great Masonic Picnic held to commemorate peace. To it were invited all the children of city, irrespective of creed or race and the cost of entertaining the 5,000 kiddies, an amount running up toward $1,500.00 was born wholly by the members of the order in Saskatoon” (Freemasonry in Saskatchewan: 1906-2006, p200).

1920 (Jun 17, 1920) 143 Lodges and 10, 174 members. It was remarked that the target of a Benevolent Fund based on a contribution of $10 per member from each Lodge had not been met but the target remained. The Committee on Jurisprudence disagreed with a decision of the Grand Master to permit a candidate to use the word “affirm” instead of “swear” in his obligations: the report of the Committee was adopted. The Grand Master noted that District meetings were highly successful and he noted his satisfaction with “the proposed amendment to the Constitution to give the District Meetings constitutional status.” Although a large increase in applications was being received across the jurisdiction, the Grand Master cautioned Lodges on the need for greater investigation in order to ensure the best candidates were accepted. It was clearly a time for quality and not quantity. A request for recognition from a Chinese Masonic Lodge in Saskatoon was deferred, as were requests for recognition of the Grand Lodge Valley of Mexico, the Grand Lodge of Vienna and the Grand Lodge of Columbia situated at Barranquila.

A Grand Lodge Honour Roll was issued in the 1916 Annual Proceedings (p 195-204) listing the names of the members who enlisted as of December 31, 1915 and those who died. This is the only known listing of enlistments by Lodge. At the Annual Communications of 1916, -17, -18, -19 and -20, the names of members who died while serving the flag are reported (no listing of enlistments). The Grand Secretary reported in the 1919 Annual Proceedings (p 120) that “Returns from the Lodges show that 509 additional brethren have donned the khaki making a roll of over 1,000 brethren from this Province who are doing their bit for King and Country. Against this total of “over 1,000,” Appendix 7 identifies enlistment totals by lodge (545 can be firmly calculated) and the names of 119 brethren by Lodge, who gave their lives for the sake of freedom. 42

Manitoba

The 25,228 people of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories joined the new Dominion on July 15, 1870 and saw steady growth over the next half century: 152,506 by 1891, 255,211 by 1901, 461,394 by 1911 and 610,118 by 1921. The first Masonic Lodge in the area — Northern Light Lodge at Fort Garry — was instituted under Dispensation dated September 15, 1863, from the Grand Lodge of Minnesota. It seems to have died out about 1867 and its charter was revoked in 1870. This was the time of the first rebellion of the Metis, led by Louis Riel, against the transfer of Rupert’s Land to the newly formed Dominion of Canada. The new Dominion Government enacted the Manitoba Act on March 2, 1870 and on April 23 Britain agreed to send an expeditionary force of 250 soldiers and the Dominion undertook to provide 400 troops. Following the return to a peaceful setting, three lodges were formed under authority from the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada. In 1875,with the support of Hamilton, the three formed themselves into the Grand Lodge of Manitoba A.F. & A.M., on May 12, 1875. Between them, the three would muster 210 members.

Masonic growth parallelled that of the economy and population and by 1915 there were 7,241 masons meeting in 78 Lodges. By 1924 there would be 11,400 members meeting in 99 Lodges. Following the outbreak of hostilities, and perhaps recognizing future challenges as a result, Grand Lodge approved a twenty-five cent annual per-capita tax to be paid into the capital account of the Benevolent Fund (it would reach $35,000. By 1916). In 1917 a target was set to bring the Fund to $100,000 for the bi-centenary of Grand Lodge in 1925 (the Fund would achieve $115,000).

Manitoba is connected with thirty-two Battalions of the CEF raised during the war years. Of the 32, ten were employed on the Western Front and twenty-two were used for recruitment and training. The ten fighting units included: 1st Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles, 8th (90th Rifles) Battalion, 16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion, 27th (City of Winnipeg) Battalion, 43rd (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion, 44th (90th Rifles) Battalion, 61st (90th Rifles) Battalion, 78th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers), 90th (90th Rifles) Battalion, 101st (90th Rifles) Battalion. The twenty-two recruitment, training and reserve units (based in Winnipeg unless otherwise noted) included: 6th Battalion, 11th Battalion, 14th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Reserve Battalion, 32nd Battalion, 100th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers), 107th (Winnipeg) Battalion, 144th (Winnipeg Rifles) Battalion, 174th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion, 179th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion, 183rd (Manitoba Beavers) Battalion, 184th Battalion, 190th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), 196th Battalion (Western Universities), 197th Battalion (Vikings of Canada), 200th (Winnipeg) Battalion, 212th Battalion (American Legion), 221st Battalion, 222nd Battalion, 223rd Battalion (Canadian Scandinavians), 226th Battalion (Men of the North), 250th (Winnipeg) Battalion and 251st Battalion (Good Fellows). Details appear in Appendix 2.

The Fraternal Reports section of the digitized Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario have been of value. The assistance of R.W. Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Librarian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba, has been very helpful, particularly in providing copies of the Grand Master’s addresses for 1915, -16, -17, -18, -19 and 1920 and in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members.

1913 (Jun 11, 1913) 74 Lodges with 6,455 members. The Grand Master urged members to be regular in “their attendance upon the meetings of their Lodges.” Three cornerstones had been laid in masonic tradition. Grand Lodge was informed that the new combined form for receipt of dues and visiting certificate authorized at the 1912 Communication had proven very satisfactory and 43 forms had been provided to all lodges. The application for recognition of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines was deferred until the next Communication.

1914 (Jun 10, 1914) 76 Lodges with 6,299 members. The Grand Master reported that district meetings combined elements of Lodges of Instruction for the betterment of the Craft. The Board of General Purposes reported that it did not favour an Oregon proposal for a General Grand Lodge, but it did favour a joint meeting of the Grand Lodges of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and BC at Banff. The Grand Lodge of the Philippines was recognized. Grand Lodge approved the term of office of the Grand Master to be extended to two years.

1915 (Jun 9, 1915) 76 Lodges and 7,242 members. The Grand Master noted that almost 20% of Manitoba enlistees in the CEF were Masons and this was a creditable showing (the province’s population at the time being estimated at about 500,000). He commented favourably that “nearly $5,000 had been donated by Lodges to the ‘Canadian Voluntary Field Hospital Contingent,’ which originated with ‘Canada Lodge, No. 3527,’ of London, England.” The Grand Master noted that at the time of the previous Communication attendees were preparing to attend the celebration of 200 years of peace between Great Britain and the United States (following the War of 1812) and had no vision of the immediately forthcoming outbreak of war in Europe. The response of the various colonies and Dominions of the British Empire, he felt, illustrated the great British cohesiveness around the world. He noted in particular that St. John’s Lodge, No. 4 GRM, Winnipeg, with 441 members, had thirty men on active service. Growth in Grand Lodge was reflected by the issue of Warrants for two new Lodges. (1915 Manitoba Proceedings, p 15-29, 66-69, 74-77, 102-106.)

1916 (Jun 11, 1916) 86 Lodges with 7,241 members. The Grand Master noted the response from all parts of the Empire: “Little did they dream that their war-torch would reveal the British empire resplendent in its loyalty and devotion to the noblest ideals and traditions of the Anglo-Saxon, and standing in peerless solidarity to defend a priceless birthright, the democratic principles or bulwarks of the British body politic, to attain which our forefathers fought and bled.” An appeal for funds to assist the wounded and the needy dependents of servicemen generated $4,000 and the Grand Master recommended the amount be supplemented by $2,000 from Grand Lodge. The Grand Master noted that District meetings needed to become more effective in terms of overall administration and also ritual improvement. (1916 Manitoba Proceedings, p154-161, 240-243, 258- 273.)

1917 (Jun 13, 1917) 78 Lodges with 7,393 members. The Grand Master noted that since last June, fifty-one brethren had given their lives. Flexibility in Grand Lodge’s committees was essential to permit them to be effective in responding to externally imposed demands (particularly benevolence). A recommendation to recognize the Grand Lodge of Italy was deferred until further investigation could be completed. Grand Lodge approved an appeal to increase the Benevolent Fund to $100,000. (1917 Manitoba Proceedings, p 321-333, 394-415, 470-487.)

1918 (Jun 12, 1918) 79 Lodges with 7,600 members. The deaths of two Past Grand Masters was noted (M.W.Bros. J. McKechnie, GM 1906 and G. W. Baker, GM 1910) as well as 40 members on active service. It was reported that the Benevolent Fund had been increased to $73,000 (almost $10 per member) in the past year. The Grand Master spoke on the question of physical qualifications and noted he would prefer an applicant to be able to support himself and to contribute to the assistance of those in need. For this purpose he suggested that a suitable form for requesting dispensation for such an individual be established. It was noted by the reviewer that no 44 action was taken on the proposal. The Grand Master also recommended that District Meetings offer a useful educational content and that Lodges be encouraged to discuss questions of social and moral import. The Ontario reviewer noted only that such a step might imperil the harmony of the lodge. (1918 Manitoba Proceedings, p 533-557, 600-603, 675-693.)

1919 (Jul 9-10, 1919: delayed due to the Winnipeg general strike) 79 Lodges with 7,881 members, organized in 10 districts. The Grand Master noted that the failure or success of a lodge is often dependent on the skills and abilities of the Master and that considerable attention should be paid by the members to the individual selected for that office. He also noted the need for the education of all members and regretted the lack of “study clubs” as well as a need to maintain histories of lodges for the benefit of the members and the public. The Committee on the Condition of Masonry noted the growing interest of members in masonic education generally and also very specifically in masonic history. The Committee on Recognition reported on the information they had on the French Grand Lodge, Grand Orient and Independent and Regular and recommended a deferral on a decision for at least another year. The Committee on Masonic Research and Education reported limited progress in forming study groups. A report on the Bicentenary Fund indicated that it held almost $75,000. (1919 Manitoba Proceedings p 741-749, 834-853.)

1920 (Jun 9, 1920) 79 Lodges with 8,369 members. The death of two of the founders of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba was noted: M.W.Bro. G. Black (PGM (Hon)) and R.W.Bro. J. Henderson (DGM and Grand Secretary). The Grand Master spoke on the underpinning of a system of education for each society. He also noted the importance of the Masonic Relief Association of the United States and Canada and the question of the future of the International Bureau for Masonic Affairs of Neuchatel, Switzerland31. Following extensive review and investigation Grand Lodge approved recognition of the Grand Lodges of Norway and the Netherlands and also authorized the Grand Master to “take steps to consummate the establishment of fraternal relations with each of the three Grand Masonic Bodies of France. The Committee on the Condition of Masonry had recommended an annual conference of DDGMs (presumably with the Grand Master and Deputy Grand Master). (1920 Manitoba Proceedings p 10-33, 162-164.)

No Honour Roll per se was established by the Grand Lodge of Manitoba. The Annual Proceedings of 1915, -16, -17, -18, -19 and -20 report the names of serving brethren. The Proceedings also include names of all members, by Lodge, who died during the preceding year. The material shows that out of a total of 79 lodges working during the war years, three did not report on member enlistments. Of the rest, 76 Lodges reported 1,106 Manitoba masons enlisted in the armed forces of Canada and Great Britain. Of this number, 107 members are listed as having died while on service. The vast majority were killed on the western front and have no known grave. Details by Lodge are provided in Appendix 8.

The Victoria Cross was awarded to thirteen soldiers connected with Manitoba (12) and the Northwest Territories (1), of which seven were born in the area. Of the thirteen, three were members of the Craft but there is no evidence that they were members of Manitoba lodges.

Robert Edward Cruikshank who was born on Jun 17, 1888 in Winnipeg. In 1891 his family moved to north London, England, where he took his education. He joined the RFC in 1915 and later

31 Founded by the Swiss Grand Lodge Alpina in 1903. 45 transferred to the London Scottish Regiment and fought on the Somme where he was wounded. After recovering he sailed to the Middle East in 1917. It was here in early 1918 (effectively in Egypt) that his unit came under heavy fire and Private Cruickshank volunteered to act as runner to advise company headquarters of the situation. Although wounded several times he ensured that the message reached its destination. He was hospitalized and found to be suffering from eight wounds. This action resulted in his award of the VC. His postwar years were spent in Leicester and there is no indication that he ever returned to Manitoba. He was a member of St. Vedast Lodge, No. 4033 EC, London where he was Initiated Sep 25, 1925, Passed Oct 22, 1925 and Raised Jan 26, 1926. D Sep 1, 1961, Blaby, Leicestershire. (See Appendix 3 #18)

Harcus Strachan, born in 1889 in Barrowstounness, West Lothian, Scotland, was educated in local schools and graduated from the . He emigrated to Canada but nothing of his prewar life is known. He enlisted on Jul 15, 1915 at Canterbury, England. His Canadian military record indicates that he was assigned to the Fort Garry Horse as a Trooper, Lance Corporal, Corporal, Lance Sergeant, Sergeant and Lieutenant. Immediately after Passchendaele the Canadian Corps returned to the Lens front and trench stalemate with one exception: a tank attack to seize the textile town of Cambrai. Unfortunately the tanks got well ahead of the infantry and an order to all tanks and horse cavalry to remain west of the Sensee River canal at Cambrai was not received by B Company of the Fort Garry Horse which advanced an unplanned four miles beyond the enemy lines. The Company commander being killed in the fighting Lieutenant Harcus Strachan assumed command and to cover a planned retreat westwards their last five horses were stampeded against the Germans. During the retreat on foot the company fought and managed to destroy a gun battery, kill 100 Germans and take another 15 as prisoners. By the time he received his VC, Lieutenant Strachan had been promoted to Captain and later the same year he was promoted to Major. In the early part of 1918 he visited Barrowstounness where he joined Douglas Lodge, No. 409 SC, Barrowstounness, and was Initiated Jan 22, 1918, Passed May 16, 1918 and Raised May 30, 1919. In the postwar period he returned to Edmonton and entered the banking business. When WWII began, he re-enlisted in the 15th Alberta Horse and in 1940 was promoted Major of the South Alberta Regiment. In July 1940 he was made commanding officer of the Edmonton Fusiliers. After WWII he retired to Vancouver. D 1982 in Vancouver. There is no evidence that he affiliated with any Canadian Lodge. (See Appendix 3 #69)

Sergeant (later Lieutenant-Colonel) Robert Shankland, was born in Ayr, Scotland on October 10, 1887. He was the son of a railroad guard and his first job was as a clerk in the stationmaster’s office. He came to Winnipeg in 1910 and worked as assistant cashier for the Crescent Creamery Company. At the outbreak of war he enlisted as a private in the 43rd Bn (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) CEF and accompanied his unit to the Western Front. He was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal in 1916 for his actions at Sanctuary Wood and was later commissioned in the Battalion. He was awarded the VC for his actions on October 26, 1917 as a Company Lieutenant at Passchendaele. Leading his platoon against a major hill overlooking the Belgian town he saw that the units on his right and left were forced to withdraw slowly, leaving the 43rd exposed. He returned to Battalion HQ, explained the situation, defined a plan to counter the situation, and returned to his company to lead the forthcoming counterattack. One of the attacking units, the 52nd, was commanded by another Manitoban, Christopher O’Kelly whose unit was able to retake a vacated position, rout an exposed advancing German column and then destroy six pillboxes, capturing 100 Germans. After the war Lieutenant Shankland returned to Winnipeg and served as secretary-manager for several firms as well as remaining in the Militia (the Cameron Highlanders). He later moved to Victoria and joined the Canadian Scottish Regiment. In WWII he re-enlisted and 46 held the rank of Major. He was considered too old for active combat and he was appointed Camp Commandant of the Canadian Army Headquarters in England. In 1946 he took his discharge and returned to Vancouver where he served as secretary of a Securities firm. D Jan 20, 1968, in Shaughnessy, Vancouver and his ashes were scattered at Mountain View Cemetery. He was a member of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 204 SC, Ayr, Scotland (Initiated Aug 16, 1901, Passed Aug 30, 1909 and Raised Sep 13, 1909). A search of the records of the Grand Lodges of Manitoba and British Columbia and Yukon, shows no applications from him to affiliate with any Lodges there. (Sources: CGWP; LAC-CEF; Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre, Appendix “M” Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross, item #132; V.W.Bro. Brian Rountree and V.W.Bro. Trevor W. McKeown.) (See App 3 #65)

The city of Winnipeg has a singular connection with Canada’s Victoria Cross recipients. Pine Street32 had the distinction of having provided homes for three Great War VC recipients, although they lived on the street at different times. They were: Lionel Beaumaurice (Leo) Clarke, VC awarded Oct 1916 for action at Pozieres, France; Frederick William Hall, VC awarded Apr 1915 for action at Ypres, Belgium; and Robert Shankland, VC awarded 1917 for action at Passchendaele, Belgium.

To meet the needs of British and Dominion servicemen in France several Lodges were formed. One such Lodge was Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre and of 71 founders, four were members of Manitoba Lodges:

BUMSTEAD, (no initials) — Pte. #71673 — 27th Can. Bat. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 53 — member of Vermillion Lodge, No. 68 GRM, Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada. Additional information: (1) Military: Full Name Frank William Bumstead; B July 22, 1888, London, England; Plumber; married; enlisted on Oct 28, 1914 at Winnipeg; and noted he had served 4 years in the militia in Montreal; assigned RN71673 in 27th Bn, CEF. (Source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database. No entry in the Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Masonic: Bro. Frank William Bumstead was a member of Vermillion Lodge, No. 68 GRM, Dauphin, where he had been Initiated Feb 3, 1914, Passed Mar 3, 1914 and Raised Apr 7, 1914. Bro. Bumstead died on Jun 5, 1966, no location indicated. (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree.)

FOSTER, H. — Pte. #81270 — 8th Can. Batn. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 52 — member of Binscarth Lodge, No. 101 GRM, Binscarth, Manitoba, Canada. Additional information: (1) Military: Full Name: Herbert Foster; B Oct 1, 1875, Denmark Hill, Surrey, England; Farmer; unmarried; no prior military experience; enlisted Dec 23, 1914 at Winnipeg; assigned RN 81270 in the 32nd Bn, CEF. (source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database. No entry in the Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Masonic: Brother Herbert Foster affiliated with Binscarth Lodge, No. 101 GRM, Binscarth from Lutine Lodge, No. 3049, London, Middlesex, on Dec 21, 1909. He demitted from Binscarth Lodge on Jan 15, 1924, re-affiliated on Apr 8, 1930 and was suspended NPD on Jan 18, 1944. (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree.)

32 Pine Street was renamed in 1925 in honour of its three residents. 47

RITCHIE, R. — age 29 — Sgt. #71234 Can. Corps. — (no residence listed) — Founder 43 — member of King Edward Lodge, No. 93 GRM, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Additional information: (1) Military: Full Name Robert Ritchie; B Jun 26, 1882, Perthshire, Scotland; Carpenter; unmarried; previous experience 1½ years with Fife & Forfar Light Horse; enlisted Oct 25, 1914 at Winnipeg, MB and assigned RN 71234 and placed into 27th Bn, CEF. D Oct 9, 1918, cause unknown and buried in Ramillies British Cemetery, France. (Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: Brother Robert Ritchie was a member of King Edward Lodge, No. 93 GRM, Winnipeg by affiliation from Coupar Lodge, No. 19 SC, Coupar, Scotland on Nov 17, 1909. On his affiliation form his age was shown as 27 years and his occupation was “car mechanic.” (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree.)

TAYLOR, A. R. — Captain CADC (Canadian Army Dental Corps) — (no residence listed) — Founder 33 — member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 4, G.R.Canada — his letter of resignation from the Lodge was read out and approved at the meeting of November 6, 1917. Additional details: (1) Military: Full Name: Arthur Robert Taylor; B Jul 5, 1878, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Physician; married to Mrs Virginia Taylor; No. RN when commissioned as Lieutenant in the 5th Field Artillery Brigade, CEF (source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database; there is no entry in Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: Brother Arthur Robert Taylor was a member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 4 GRM, Winnipeg, MB, Initiated Feb 1, 1911, Passed Apr 19, 1911, Raised May 17, 1911, Grand Lodge Certificate 9312. D Oct 16, 1952. The history of the Lodge includes the following “We made history in 1920 when the members elected Dr. Arthur Taylor as Worshipful Master. This was the first occasion in the life of the Lodge that a son of a former Master received this high honour. His father, Thomas W. Taylor, was Master in 1893. Dr. Taylor served overseas in World War One as a Medical Officer in the 5th Artillery Brigade. He was a deep student, a keen ritualist, an ardent reader, and a thoughtful researcher.” (source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree quoting from The Story of Number Four: 1875-1950 Winnipeg, by St. John’s Lodge No. 4, ca 1950). 48

Quebec

Quebec, along with Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia had confederated on July 1, 1867, bringing a little more than 1,100,000 people into the new Dominion of Canada. Growth would be steady and by 1911 Quebec’s population was 2,005,776 and 2,360,665 by 1921.

Thirteen Masonic lodges from Canada East (Quebec) had participated in the formation of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada on October 10, 1855. Confederation gave an impetus to the desire of Masons in the Province to establish their own Grand Lodge as Nova Scotia had done in 1866. On October 20, 1869 the Grand Lodge of Quebec, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons was formed by 18 Lodges holding authority from the Grand Lodge of Canada and two under English and one under Scottish authority. Not all Lodges in the Province affiliated with the new Grand Lodge and in fact it was not until September 23/24, 1874 that the remaining Canadian Lodges affiliated with it. Two English Lodges never affiliated and as they are physically located within the province and many of their members (but not all) were and are Canadian citizens, I have included a short section on them at the end of this section.

The Grand Lodge of Quebec, within whose territory the port of Quebec resided, was well attuned to the tramp of soldiers with their equipment crossing the province and proceeding by sea to foreign wars: the Crimea and Boer wars and now the First Canadian Division in September 1914. Many Lodges made accommodations for the war: remitting dues of serving brethren, subscribing as much as $1.00 per member to the Grand Lodge Patriotic Fund, collecting funds for the purchase of tobacco and other essentials for members who were serving, and many Lodges purchased Victory Bonds. Grand Lodge subscribed $7,921 to the Canadian Patriotic Fund, $700 to the Belgian Relief Fund, $5,150 to the Canadian Red Cross Society and furnished one Motor Ambulance ($2,750) to the war effort.

McGill University, of which Brother General Arthur Currie would shortly become Chancellor and Principal, had contributed 3,000 professors, students and graduates to the Canadian forces of which 363 would be killed and almost 1,000 wounded.

Quebec, like the other provinces, provided men and materials for the formation of infantry Battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force — a total of thirty. Of these, ten were engaged in combat across the breadth and depth of the Western Front while twenty were used for recruitment and training purposes and sent their establishments as reinforcements for fighting battalions. The ten fighting units included: 5th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles, 13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), 14th Battalion (Royal Montreal Regiment), 22nd Battalion (), 24th Battalion (Victoria Rifles), 42nd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), 60th Battalion (Victoria Rifles of Canada), 73rd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), 87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards) and 259th Battalion (Canadian Rifles, Siberia) (Three Rivers Regiment). The twenty Battalions which were established for recruitment and training included: 23rd Canadian Reserve Battalion (199th Duchess of Connaught’s Own Irish Canadian Rangers), 41st Battalion (Le Régiment de Maisonneuve), 57th Battalion (Canadien-Français), 69th French- Canadian Battalion, 117th (Eastern Townships) Battalion, 148th Battalion (Montreal, Quebec), 150th Battalion (Carabiniers Mont-Royal), 163rd Battalion (French Canadian), 167th (Canadien- Français) Battalion, 171st Battalion (Quebec Rifles), 178th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, 189th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, 199th (Duchess of Connaught’s Own Irish Rangers), 206th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, 230th Battalion (Voltigeurs Canadiens-Français), 239th Battalion, 49

242nd Battalion (Montreal, Quebec), 244th Battalion (Kitchener’s Own), 245th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards) and 258th (Canadien-Français) Battalion. Details appear in Appendix 2.

As already mentioned in Part I the first Commanding Generals of the CEF’s four Divisions were masons: two of them belonged to Lodges in the Province of Quebec. General Sir Richard Ernest William Turner, VC, of the 2nd Canadian Division, was a member of St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 6 GRQ, of Quebec City and was Initiated Apr 9, 1894, Passed May 14, 1894 and raised Jun 11, 1894. He demitted from the Lodge on Jan 15, 1900, rejoined the Lodge on Jan 14, 1907, demitted Nov 13, 1911 and rejoined the Lodge on May 10, 1920 and was made a Life Member in 1931. He remained a member until his death on Jun 20, 1961. General David Watson of the 4th Canadian Division, was also a member of St. Andrew’s No. 6 but details of his degree dates are lost. We know him only as “Member No. 195" on the Lodge’s Register of members. St. Andrew’s Lodge amalgamated with St. John’s Lodge, No. 3 GRQ of Quebec City in 1981 and ceased to exist.

The Fraternal Reports section of the digitized Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario have been of value. The assistance of M.W.Bro. John Leide, PGM and Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Quebec has been very helpful, particularly in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members of the Grand Lodge of Quebec. The assistance of W.Bro. Christopher Day, PGStB UK), Secretary of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 374 ER, Montreal is also gratefully acknowledged.

1913 (Feb 12, 1913) 65 Lodges with 7,359 members. The Grand Master reported steady growth in the jurisdiction and felt that it was now necessary for Grand Lodge to decide on some form of “proof of Masonic standing” of the members which would be recognized by other Grand Lodges. It is unclear what action to move this issue forward was taken. The Grand Master also reported that the Benevolent Fund now stood at $22,827.

1914 (Feb 11, 1914) 65 Lodges with 7,819 members. The Grand Master noted a continuing advance being made by the jurisdiction. He did flag several important matters for Lodges: the need to publish the names of candidates for degrees in the summons for the meeting at which the degree would be held and that it was within the authority of the WM to withhold from the Lodge the names of the members of a committee of investigation but that the report of the committee must be read out in open lodge. The report of a special committee recommended that all lodges issue a receipt to members at the time of dues payment. On the matter of European Freemasonry the Chairman of Quebec’s Committee on Fraternal Correspondence remarked that “. . . (it) is without its primal essentials. It is darkness visible. Where there is no God, no G.A.O.T.U. there can be no legitimate Freemasonry. Where there is no volume of the Sacred Law there is none of the spirit of Masonry.” After Grand Lodge had closed and the Annual Proceedings were being transmitted to the printers an event occurred which necessitated an additional piece of information from the Grand Master, who wrote: “A mile or more from this home, the bodies of nearly three hundred victims of the fatal disaster to the Empress of Ireland have been brought up to this City of Quebec33, from the scene of the collision, the majority of them awaiting identification in one of the immigration sheds of the port. Some of them, or more, may bear the badge of a brother Mason. It is our mission to investigate and see whether this be so or no. There may be Masons searching for lost friends, or

33 RMS Empress of Ireland was launched on January 27, 1906. She had been built for Canadian Pacific Steamships’ North Atlantic run and was in collision with a Norwegian ship in the early hours of May 29, 1914. Of the 1,477 persons on board, 1,012 were drowned or killed. 50 friends and relatives on the look-out for dear ones who may be Masons. If so we may hope to be useful to them.”

1915 (Feb 10, 1915) 66 Lodges with 8,152 members. Deaths included M.W.Bro. J. B. Tresidder (GM 1903 and 1904). The Grand Master remarked on the outbreak of the War and of the duty to the citizens of the Empire and it was noted that a call to contribute to the Canadian Patriotic Fund had generated $7,900. It was reported that the Grand Master had seized the warrant of a Lodge at Granby for failing to work the approved ritual.

1916 (Feb 9, 1916) 66 Lodges with 8,368 members. A survey of all Lodges revealed that 387 members had enlisted and of those eight were reported to have died in service, nineteen wounded, one wounded and missing, one missing and one a POW. Dispensations had been issued to permit the conferring of second and third degrees in less time than called for in the Constitution for brethren who had joined the CEF. The Grand Secretary noted that the “official travelling receipts” had been “in active demand.” He also noted the amounts donated to: Canadian Patriotic Fund $7,962.85, Red Cross Society $3,150 and Belgian Fund $704.13. Recognition was extended to the Grand Lodges of Queensland and the Philippine Islands.

1917 (Feb 14, 1917) 66 Lodges with 8,491 members. Deaths included M.W.Bro. Sir Melbourne M. Tait (GM 1877 and 1878). The Grand Master reported that peace and harmony prevailed throughout the jurisdiction in spite of the global conditions. He recommended that a minimum number of years as a member of a lodge should be set before the member could acquire life membership, but this required review. Funds were approved for the British Sailors’ Relief Fund ($500) and the Canadian Patriotic Fund ($2,000). The Grand Secretary noted that he had received a letter advising that the motor ambulance which Grand Lodge had provided in 1914 was in good use and some of its occupants were Masons. Reports from Lodges indicated that 125 additional brethren had enlisted (the total for the jurisdiction now reaching 500) and 20 more battlefield deaths were recorded.

1918 (Feb 13, 1918) 66 Lodges with 8,861 members. The Grand Master reminded members of the need to stand in support of the country and Empire during these trying years and reported that by the end of 1917, 51 masons had made the supreme sacrifice. He noted that the Craft had prospered during the year in spite of the global war conditions. A resolution recommending the establishment of a home for disabled veteran soldiers was referred to a special committee for consideration. And a resolution was adopted to amend the “. . . portion of the charge to the newly initiated candidate, which, as it now stands, direct his attention to allegiance said to be due the sovereign of his native land.”

1919 (Feb 12, 1919) 66 Lodges with 9,244 members. Deaths included M.W.Bro. B. J. Tooke (GM 1899-1900). The Grand Master noted that Masons “ought carefully to study the (postwar) situation before taking action committing them to a departure from the settled principles of Masonry.” He made the comment in view of new post-war discussions regarding readjustment of the world’s affairs. He recommended that a committee should be struck to plan for the fiftieth anniversary of Grand Lodge. Closure of Lodges for two months during the recent influenza epidemic was regretted but was managed with no major disruptions to the Craft. The issue of commutation fees payable for life memberships was approved.

1920 (Feb 11, 1919) 66 Lodges with 10,068 members. The Grand Master rejoiced in the peace 51 which had descended on a war-torn world and noted that prosperity had followed the Craft in Quebec. Two Past Grand Masters represented the jurisdiction at the Peace Celebration in London in June 1919. A special Communication was held on Oct 31, 1919 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of Grand Lodge.

At the 53rd Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Quebec (Feb 15, 1923, Montreal), the Grand Master, M.W.Bro. Charles McBurney, unveiled a Memorial Tablet to the members of the Craft who gave their lives and which referenced the more than 600 who had served in the Great War. At present we have no listing of total enlistments by brethren of Quebec lodges. The Assembly had been attended by R.W.Bro. General Arthur Currie, who delivered an “inspiring address.” A copy of the Honour Roll of the Grand Lodge of Quebec has been obtained and lists 60 members who died on the field of duty, who were members of 37 Quebec Lodges. To this number should be added the 77 brethren of the two English Lodges who enlisted, of which 9 gave their lives in the conflict. Details of the complete Honour Roll are included in Appendix 9.

The Victoria Cross was awarded to ten soldiers with links to Quebec: three were born in the province and seven emigrated to the province and lived here before and after the war. Of the ten only one was a member of the Craft, Lt.-Col. William Hew Clark-Kennedy, a member of St. Paul’s No. 374 EC, Montreal.

One member from Quebec became an affiliated member of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre in 1918:

PRINCE, John Henry — age 32 — Stevedore, Canadian, 32 Rue Fulton, Havre — Proposed to Join Apr 2, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jul 2, 1918 — member of The Prince Consort Lodge, No. 52 GRQ, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: There is no entry under Library and Archives Canada, CEF database nor under Canadian Great War Project database for John Henry Prince. (2) Masonic: John Henry Prince was a member of The Prince Consort Lodge, No. 52 GRQ, Montreal; Initiated Dec 16, 1911, Passed Sep 24, 1912, Raised Dec 3, 1912; GL Certificate #135451). He withdrew from the Lodge on June 26, 1923. The Prince Consort Lodge amalgamated with Harmony Lodge, No. 131 GRQ, Montreal in June 2003. (Source: Grand Lodge member records via M.W.Bro. John Leide.)

R.W.Bro. A. J. B. Milborne of Quebec, a noted Masonic historian and writer noted that freemasonry was openly practiced among soldiers and had thrived during wartime, and particularly among prisoners-of-war. In this atmosphere of openness and the perceived worthiness of the organization “. . . many decided that as soon as the opportunity presented itself they would themselves knock at a Lodge door and seek admission to the Craft. This is probably the primary reason that there was a large increase in the membership when the War was brought to an end.” (One Hundred Years of Freemasonry in the Province of Quebec) While Milborne doesn’t cite membership numbers of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, he lists lodges and their dates of dispensation/institution and growth is reflected with 1 new lodge in 1914, 1 in 1915, 1 in 1919, 7 in 1920 and 4 in 1922, generally tapering off thereafter. 52

Lodges of the English Constitution in Quebec

By the outbreak of the Great War, there were two English Constitution Lodges in the jurisdiction and both were working in the city of Montreal. These were: St. Paul’s 374 EC, Montreal (established 1770) and St. George’s 440 EC, Montreal (established 1829). Seven members of St. Paul’s Lodge and two members of St. George’s were killed while on service.

Lieutenant-Colonel William Hew CLARK-KENNEDY, a member of St. Paul’s Lodge, received the VC for his actions on Aug 27, 1918 at Fresnes (Arras), France. Born Mar 3, 1880 in Dunskey, Wigtownshire, Scotland, he graduated from St. Andrew’s College, Southborough, Kent before working for the Scottish Life Insurance Company. During the Boer War he served with the Imperial Yeomanry and Rhodesian Horse. After 1902 he returned to England and his insurance work and in 1903 transferred to the Scottish Life Insurance Company’s office in Montreal. When WWI began he enlisted in CEF on Sep 23, 1914 at Valcartier, Quebec and was commissioned as a Captain. His attestation paper is accessible on line. As commander of the 24th Bn, Lt.-Col. Clark-Kennedy led his men against German positions on the second day of the Arras Front offensive. By mid afternoon his leadership (in the forefront of his men) enable the brigade to capture their objective at Cherisy, to cross the Sensee river and proceed as far as the Fresnes-Rouvroy railway line. The next day he continued to lead the attack and again his battalion was able to achieve its objectives. Wounded several times he was carried to a dressing station and later hospitalized. After the war he returned to the insurance business in Montreal and in 1940 was appointed honorary Lieutenant- Colonel of the 3rd Battn. Black Watch. He retired in 1945. D Oct 25, 1961 in Montreal, QC.. (see Appendix 3 #14) (Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database; Canadian Great War Project database.) He was a member of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 374 EC, Montreal and was Initiated Feb 6, 1906, Passed Apr 10, 1906 and Raised May 8, 1906. He served as Lodge Secretary 1909- 10. He resigned from the Lodge on Dec 27, 1921. Although he lived in Montreal for another 40 years, he did not rejoin the Craft. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross and W.Bro. Christopher Day.) 53

New Brunswick

On July 1, 1867 the colony of New Brunswick became one of four Provinces of the new Dominion of Canada and a little more than one quarter of a million people became Canadian. By 1911 the Province’s population had reached 351,889 people and 387,876 by 1921. The Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of New Brunswick was formed on October 10, 1867 by nineteen of the twenty-six working Masonic lodges in the province. Within a few months all twenty-six Lodges had affiliated officially with the new Grand Lodge and received new charters. And Masonic growth parallelled that of the population: 3,685 brethren (Dec 27, 1914) to 3,983 (Dec 27, 1918), to 4,897 (Dec 27, 1920). While we do not have information on the number of brethren who enlisted, Grand Lodge’s records of death of members published in the Annual Proceedings shows 10 were killed in service (refer to Appendix 10).

In the years immediately prior to war there was a noticeable militancy in the provincial labour force marked with strikes from time to time. But the declaration of war brought with it a sense of patriotism. Although a smaller percentage of eligible males volunteered from New Brunswick compared to other provinces, the Province provided the manpower for eleven Battalions of the CEF: one fighting battalion and ten recruiting and support battalions. The fighting Battalion was the 26th (New Brunswick) Battalion. The ten recruiting and reserve battalions included: 12th Battalion, 55th Battalion (New Brunswick & Prince Edward Island), 104th Battalion, 115th Battalion (New Brunswick), 132nd Battalion (North Shore), 140th (St. John’s Tigers), 145th (New Brunswick), 165th (Acadiens), 236th (New Brunswick Kilties) and 237th Battalion (American Legion). Details appear in Appendix 2.

Perhaps the last casualty of the war, New Brunswicker Jack Hickman of Dorchester, died in 1919 near Liverpool, UK, from a stray bullet fired during a riot by Canadian troops. At home, postwar strikes for higher wages were made by workers who had held the line on wages during war years. By 1920 the province was back in the grip of depression.

The Fraternal Reports section of the digitized Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario have been of value. The assistance of V.W.Bro. Stuart Macdonald, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of New Brunswick, has been very helpful, particularly in providing relevant copies of Annual Proceedings and in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members.

1913 (Aug 26-27, 1913) 38 Lodges with 3,320 members (Dec 27, 1912). The death of M.W.Bro. John Valentine Ellis (GM 1872-74 and 1884-86 and a founder member of the Grand Lodge in 1867) was noted with deep regret. Approval was granted for a small fund to be used by the Grand Master to assist lodges in acquiring facilities in which to meet and for Grand Lodge to acquire all shares of the Masonic Hall Company in Saint John. A motion was made and approved to the Constitution regarding membership Certificates: “A Lodge may . . . issue a card receipt for dues signed by the Secretary bearing on the reverse side a Certificate, under the Seal of Grand Lodge and hand of the Grand Secretary, that the Lodge is duly warranted and registered.” A copy of the card appears in the 1914 Annual proceedings on page 244. A motion to exchange representatives with the Grand Lodge of France was declared lost. Recognition of the new Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands was held in abeyance.

1914 (Aug 25-26, 1914) 39 Lodges with 3,519 members (Dec 27, 1913). The Grand Master 54 reported that the Craft in New Brunswick was harmonious, prosperous and fairly progressive. On the war he noted that it was not one of conquest but of defence of right. During the year the Provincial Legislature had passed legislation to make the Grand Lodge a body corporate, and for individual Lodges to become corporations. On the recommendation of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Grand Lodge recognition was extended to the National Grand Lodge of France.

1915 (Apr 6-7, 1915) 39 Lodges with 3,685 members (Dec 27, 1914). The Grand Master reported that in the short time since the declaration of war, one hundred Masons of the jurisdiction had enlisted in the armed forces, and about one-half were from Saint John. [Regrettably there are no names in the Proceedings.] He also noted that it had been estimated that there were about 5,000 Freemasons in the First Contingent sent from Canada to Britain. In recognition of the needs occasioned by the war, Grand Lodge had voted on the allocation of $500 to the Canada Lodge Field Hospital in Britain and the thanks and acknowledgement of the Lodge’s WM was received and read into the record. A contribution to the Canadian Patriotic Fund was also made. A new request for recognition of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines was received and tabled until the next Annual Communication.

1916 (Apr 25-26, 1916) 39 Lodges with 3,768 members (Dec 27, 1915). Against the backdrop of a global war, the Grand Master noted that harmony, peace and progress prevailed throughout the jurisdiction. He noted that an estimated 10,000 Masons in the British Empire had enlisted for foreign service although he pointed out that there was no statistical basis for the number. He reported having approved dispensations to confer degrees at short intervals to accommodate candidates who had enlisted. But he also cautioned that Lodges must carefully assess the needs for such action. In naming the brethren who had passed during the year, he mentioned six who had been killed in action (see Appendix 10). As the Grand Lodge was in a year to celebrate its Jubilee (at close to the same time as the Grand Lodge of England would celebrate its bicentennial) the Grand Master suggested a small celebration, providing it did not conflict with matters connected with the war. On the recommendation of the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Grand Lodge of the Philippines was recognized and an exchange of representatives authorized.

1917 (Apr 24-25, 1917) 39 Lodges with 3,806 members (Dec 27, 1916). This being the Jubilee year of Grand Lodge, the Grand Master noted the variety of ritual and the lack of collaboration and assistance between the English (20), Scottish (3) and Irish (3) Lodges in the period before 1867 and the total difference occasioned by the creation of a commonly accepted Grand Lodge of New Brunswick in that year. Now, fifty years later, the masonic environment across the Province was much improved. He again commented on the ongoing war and the service being provided by many masons. The Proceedings contains a listing subordinate Lodges and their membership (by name of member) as of Dec 27, 1916 (pages 109-159), but there is no Honour Roll recognizing the members who had enlisted in the military.

1918 (April 23-24, 1918) 39 Lodges with 3,898 members (Dec 27, 1917). An emergent Communication was held on January 22, 1918 to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the formation of Grand Lodge in Saint John on Tuesday, Jan 22, 1868. At the regular Communication the Grand Master noted that in his travels he experienced “beautiful fellowship and splendid harmony” throughout the jurisdiction. It was brought forward that the dues of serving brethren had been remitted and subordinate lodges were finding it difficult to pay the per capita tax due to Grand Lodge. Accordingly the matter was referred to the Board of General Purposes for consideration and the Board was granted authority to act at its discretion in the matter. 55

1919 (Apr 22-23, 1919) 39 Lodges with 3,983 members. The Grand Master noted the prevailing world conditions following the Armistice and the perception of prosperity to continue. He noted, however, that victory had come at a great cost in human lives, both civilian and military. He reported that on April 4, 1919 he had attended Keith Lodge in Moncton to participate in the unveiling of an Honour Roll recognizing the thirty-three members of the Lodge who had enlisted in the services. He was pleased to report that all had survived their war service although one had died since returning to Canada. The Grand Master also reported on a request to him for a dispensation to initiate an applicant who had lost his left leg. After considerable review of the situation and previous decisions he gave his decision and explained it to the assembly for their benefit. He noted that “. . . . it is my decision that no man can become a Mason, who is not physically qualified to fulfil all the requirements of initiating, passing and raising” (1919 Proceedings, p 293). He recommended that the masonic Fraternity should take part in the movement to provide, in the Province, a Protestant Orphanage. From this Grand Lodge resolved “that it is the unanimous opinion of Grand Lodge that the establishment of a Protestant Home is desirable.” He noted that the Grand Lodge Benevolence Fund had now achieved a level of $19,000. The Grand Master also reported that he would be attending the June 23-30 Masonic peace Celebrations in London and would finance his costs out of pocket.

1920 (Apr 27-28, 1920) 40 Lodges with 4,345 members (Dec 27, 1919). The Grand Master reported on the Peace Jubilee Communication held at the Albert Hall in London by the Grand Lodge of England (Jun 23-29, 1919). As part of his visit he was received at Canada Lodge, No. 3527 EC, where the Pro Grand master, Lord Ampthill, installed the new WM of the Lodge. The Grand Master noted that his fraternal visits across the Jurisdiction were generally well done he was pleased with the quality of work. Regrettably there is no Honour Roll for Grand Lodge in the Proceedings.

Although there is no known Grand Lodge Honour Roll in existence, Lodge histories have been used to prepare the listing in Appendix 10. The data indicates that approximately 100 brethren from seven lodges enlisted and that 11 of them died serving the colours.

The Victoria Cross was awarded to three New Brunswick soldiers one of whom was a Freemason. This was Cyrus Wesley Peck who had left the province at the age of sixteen for British Columbia with his parents. Brother Peck was born on Apr 26, 1871 at Hopewell Hill, NB. At the age of 16 he moved with his parents to New Westminster, BC, where he became a broker representing sawmill, canning and towing interests. His efforts to join the military and fight in the Boer War were not successful. He joined Tsimpsean Lodge, No. 58 BCR, Prince Rupert (Initiated Dec 4, 1911, Passed unknown date, Raised Feb 22, 1912). He was also Unionist MP for Skeena, an office he was elected to while serving in France. He joined the militia and was given a captain’s commission in the 30th Bn, later enlisting into the CEF on Nov 8, 1914 in Victoria, BC and later sailed to England. In April 1915, Captain Peck was transferred to the 16th (Canadian Scottish) Bn CEF. At Festubert, France, on May 21, 1915, he was wounded in both legs. In November 1916 he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and given command of the Regiment, holding this position until the Regiment was disbanded in Winnipeg, May 7, 1919. He received his VC for actions during the September 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector. A strong tank force was despatched against the Germans with Peck’s Battalion as one of the supporting units. Encountering stiff resistance he made a personal reconnaissance and led a counterattack, directing supporting tanks towards the Germans and securing the area. After the war he returned to Skeena and resumed his work as MP and became active in veteran’s issues. He later represented Saanich and the Islands 56 as MLA in the BC legislature. From 1936-41 he sat on the Canadian Pension Commission and served as aide-de-camp to two Governors General. D Sep 27, 1956 and is buried in New Westminster, BC. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF; Masonic Info via Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.) (See Appendix 3 #58.)

One member of the Craft from New Brunswick, serving in the CEF in France became a founder member of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre:

GRIMMER, H. M. — Sgt. Can. Corps. — (no residence listed) — Founder 44 — member of St. Marks Lodge, No. 5 GRNB, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Harold Mackie Grimmer; B Jun 21, 1892, St. Andrews, NB; Clerk; unmarried; previous experience in 28th Dragoons; enlisted Mar 31, 1915 at Amherst, NS; #111211; promoted to Company Quarter Master Sergeant; D Aug 27, 1918; B Ligny-St. Flochel British Cemetery, Pas-de-Calais, France (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: V.W.Bro. Stuart Macdonald notes that as the war was drawing to a close St. Marks was to lose another member: Brother Harold Mackie Grimmer, a Company Quartermaster Sergeant in the 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles was killed on August 27, 1918. He is buried in the Ligny-St. Flochel British Cemetery in the locality of Pas de Calais in France. 57

Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island had remained aloof from Confederation in 1867, but on seeing the advantages, had joined on July 1, 1873. Its population at the time was about 94,000. The provincial economy did not grow as hoped and population would slowly shrink: to 93,728 by 1911 and 88,615 by 1921 hitting its nadir in 1931 and growing steadily thereafter.

Prince Edward Island is primarily linked with one CEF Battalion raised during World War I. This was the 105th Battalion (Prince Edward Island Highlanders) which was recruited through the local 82nd (Militia) Regiment which was itself based at Charlottetown. Recruitment for the CEF between September 1915 and March 1916 produced a fully trained unit of 37 officers and 1,107 other ranks which was sent overseas. The 105th Battalion was not placed in the front lines but was absorbed into the 104th Battalion which was eventually absorbed by the 13th Reserve Battalion and the officers and men were distributed across the CEF’s fighting Battalions (Appendix 2).

No Islanders serving in the CEF or British armed forces received the Victoria Cross, although many received other awards for gallantry under fire.

The Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Prince Edward Island was formed on June 23, 1875 by all eight Masonic lodges then working in the province. Membership in the fraternity grew slowly and at Dec 31, 1913, Grand Lodge had 15 Lodges with 769 members. One of their first financial actions was to contribute $1,075 to Canada Lodge in London towards a planned 50-bed fully equipped auxiliary hospital near Folkestone.

The following paragraphs on developments within the Grand Lodge of Prince Edward Island during the war years is based on their Annual Proceedings from 1913-1921 inclusive. The assistance of M.W.Bro. David G. Hooper, PGM and Grand Historian and also R.W.Bro. George Doughart, Past Grand Historian, of the Grand Lodge of Prince Edward Island has been very helpful in describing these developments and in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members.

1913 (Jun 25, 1913) 15 Lodges with 769 members (Apr 30, 1913). The Grand Master noted that growth in the jurisdiction was beneficial to the Craft. Requests to recognize new Grand Lodges in Mexico and the Philippine Islands were presented: Recognition of the York Grand Lodge of Mexico was granted and recognition of Philippines was held over.

1914 (Jun 24, 1914) 15 Lodges with 799 members (Apr 30, 1914). The Grand Master noted that “It is a matter for universal gratitude that our great and unparallel empire has not been called upon to take up arms, either in offence or defence.” But these words were not even recorded in the printed Proceedings before war had broken out and declarations of war had been made. A request for recognition of the new Grand Lodge of Egypt was held over. No deaths of members on active service are recorded.

1915 (Jun 23, 1915) 15 Lodges with 819 members (Apr 30, 1915). The Grand Master commented on the declarations of war and the mobilizations that had followed. He reported that $1,075 had been raised in aid of the Queen’s Canadian hospital in England (a project initiated by Canada Lodge in London) and that additional funds were required to improve its effectiveness. A list of twenty-five members by Lodge (showing name, rank and unit) who had enlisted as of the Annual 58

Communication is provided on pages 21-22 of the Proceedings. He also noted that Lodges were benefiting from the increase in members and ritual work was improved. No deaths of members on active service are recorded.

1916 (Jun 28, 1916) 15 Lodges with 854 members (Dec 31, 1915). The list of Lodge attendees includes a listing (p 20-23) of 66 brethren who had enlisted in the armed forces. The Grand Master noted that the war hung over the Empire like a pall, but that the Island was doing its share of support for King and Empire. The 98th Siege Battery, after demonstrating its abilities at training camps in England was (by June 1916) then at the front. And orders that an infantry battalion was to be raised on the Island had resulted in the formation of the 105th Battalion which was even then over-strength but in training at Valcartier, QC. The Grand Master noted that out of the total Masonic membership of 854, 65 had volunteered for the colours and were either in training or in France. The Grand Master noted that quality of work could be increased with the engagement of Lodges of Instruction. Recognition of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines was recommended and approved.

1917 (Jun 27, 1917) 15 Lodges with 881 members (Apr 30, 1917). There is no list of enlisted brethren. The Grand Master commented on the valiant fight in Europe and encouraged all members to assist to the fullest. And he noted that the Craft was prospering in the province. He advised that a cablegram “of felicitation to the Grand Lodge of England” had been sent on the occasion of the 200th anniversary. A tablet to the memory of three brethren “who, during the year have made the Supreme Sacrifice on the European Battlefields, in the Cause of Freedom, Tolerance and Right (p 61) names Walter James Lantz M.M., Harold G. Raymond M.M., and Guy Leslie McPhee F.C.”

1918 (Jun 26, 1918) 15 Lodges with 919 members (Apr 30, 1918). The Grand Master noted that peace had not been achieved in Europe but that it endured among Masons and the condition of the Craft within the jurisdiction was considered to be highly satisfactory. He specifically mentioned the deaths overseas of Lt. Douglas A. Sutherland and Gunner W. B. VanIderstine. A Roll of Honour was printed (pages 18-19) which listed 89 members from 15 Lodges who were serving the colours and as of the Annual Communication, 6 had been killed in action. On the administration front he suggested less “annual tinkering” with the Constitution and that Lodges should put more effort into recording and reserving their history. He also suggested that each Lodge should display the Union Jack, particularly at monthly meetings.

1919 (June 1919) 15 Lodges with 930 members (Apr 30, 1919). The Grand Master commented positively on the desire by members for Masonic information and knowledge about the meaning of ritual and symbols. He noted that Masonry contributed strongly to a feeling of patriotism and self sacrifice, as seen through the recent War. He also recommended that future annual communications be held over a two-day period. A special notice is included on page 67 to honour two brethren who made the supreme sacrifice during the year: James M. Hacker, M.M. and Atwood T. McKay , P.M.

1920 (Jun 25, 1920) 15 Lodges and 970 members (mid 1920). The Grand Master commented on the achievement of peace and of the formation of the League of Nations. He also noted that the Craft was thriving in the jurisdiction and recalled the recent visit of the Prince of Wales to the Province.

No Grand Lodge World War I Honour Roll was created at the time of the War. Annual 59

Proceedings, Lodge histories and Lodge Honour Rolls have been consulted. Ninety-nine members of the fifteen lodges on the roll of Grand Lodge served the colours and 8 died while in service. Refer to Appendix 11 for a full current listing.

At the Annual Communication of 1921 (May 25, 1921) The Report of the Committee on Physical Qualifications was placed before Grand Lodge. The Committee recommended that “that this Grand Lodge adopt as a common sense proposition that — Regarding Physical Qualification any candidate is eligible who can comply with the requirements of the ritual and secret work, or as described by the Landmarks: The Modes of Recognition.” This was an extremely important step which would permit returning veterans who may have been wounded in defence of our way of life, the opportunity, if they wished, of applying for initiation into Freemasonry. 60

Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia, with a population of about 350,000 was one of the four Confederating colonies which formed the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867. Its population grew steadily and by 1911 stood at 492,338 and 523,837 by 1921. Its wooden ship manufacturing facilities and various ports (Halifax being the largest and providing a critical assembly point for North Atlantic convoys through two world wars) generated a steady economic growth during the years of World War I.

Nova Scotia is connected with eleven CEF Battalions raised for the War, three of which fought on the western front and eight of which were used for recruitment and preliminary training purposes and whose manpower was absorbed into service Battalions. The three “fighting” units were the 17th Battalion (Royal Nova Scotia Highlanders), 25th Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders), and 85th Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders). The eight recruitment and reserve units were the 40th Battalion (Halifax Rifles), the 64th Battalion, the 106th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles), the 112th Battalion (Nova Scotia), the 185th Battalion (Cape Breton Highlanders), 193rd Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders), 219th Highland Battalion (Nova Scotia) and the 246th (Nova Scotia Highlanders) Battalion.

Freemasonry in Nova Scotia has always been strong and the various Provincial Grand Lodges of Nova Scotia had provided an authority structure for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and PEI. The Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Nova Scotia was formed in February 1866 by ten of thirteen Lodges of the English and Scottish Provincial Grand Lodges: creation of an independent and sovereign Grand Lodge was more desirable than an amalgamation of one Provincial Grand Lodge into the other. Three Lodges retained their then existing authorities and by 1914 only one was working, and that under the English Constitution.

During World War I, 60 Lodges in the jurisdiction (out of 77 on the Grand Lodge Register) reported 522 members serving the colours, 51 of whom died in service. To this number should be added 14 brethren of Royal Standard Lodge, 398 EC, Halifax, who also enlisted, two of whom died in service. Appendix 12 provides detail.

The following paragraphs on developments within the Grand Lodge of Prince Edward Island during the war years is based on their Annual Proceedings from 1913-1921 inclusive. The assistance of R.W.Bros. Phillip Randall, Grand Historian and Brian Loughnan, Past Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia has been very helpful in describing these developments and in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members.

1913 (Jun 11, 1913) 73 Lodges with 6,528 members (Dec 31, 1912). The Grand Master reported a successful year with membership growth assisted by the support of DDGMs. His own visitations across the jurisdiction was helpful and successful. The Grand Master remarked on correspondence received from Royal Standard Lodge, No. 398 ER, Halifax, regarding conflicts in accepting requests for degrees from military and civilian personnel who lived outside Canada and were visiting on duty for varying periods of time. It was recommended that a Committee be struck to resolve the issue. The Freemasons’ Home “(was) the subject of warm eulogy. . . . with about a dozen inmates, and all are well cared for and as comfortable as it is possible to make them.”

1914 (Jun 10, 1914) 73 Lodges with 6.758 members (Dec 31, 1913). Grand Lodge continued to demonstrate a strong performance (members and finances). Of interest was that an annual 61 member per capita of fifty cents provided support for the Freemasons’ Home and a Grand Lodge Benevolence Fund was sound.

1915 (Jun 9, 1915) 74 Lodges with 6,765 members (Dec 31, 1914). The Grand Master noted that this was the fiftieth Annual Communication of Grand Lodge and that an appropriate dinner celebration was to be held that evening. This was coming at the same time as the world had been plunged into a global war being fought to defend freedom. He considered it a masonic duty for those who were able, to enlist in the services. The Freemasons’ Home, which had been increased in size, was reported to hold 19 persons and the maintenance costs were shared between Grand Lodge funds and a per capita levy on the members. The Committee appointed to deal with Royal Standard Lodge was unable to proceed as so many of the Lodge’s members were involved in the war effort and unavailable. A Lodge of Research patterned after Quatuor Coronati, No. 2076 EC in London was formed and warranted and four meetings were held in its first year of existence. (Authors’ note: Composed of affiliated members, the Nova Scotia Lodge of Research usually met at the time of the Annual Communication of Grand Lodge, and produced many excellent papers in its lifetime. The Annual Proceedings of June 1946 (p 41) note that “in (its) first ten years, 1916- 26, (it) held nineteen meetings and heard double that number of papers and addresses. Some years after its demise, the present Canadian Masonic Research Association was born, 1949.” By the mid 1970s the CMRA had also passed out of existence. The Heritage Lodge, No. 730 GRC, had by this time been established at Cambridge, Ontario (1977) for the purpose of carrying on the important tradition of Masonic research. The large collection of CMRA research papers were published by The Heritage Lodge in 1986.)

1916 (Jun 14, 1916) 76 Lodges with 6,855 members. The Grand Master spoke on the growing conflict in Europe and noted that the enemy “. . . (had) introduced into warfare a savagery and disregard for the safety of women and children . . . (and shown that) Great Britain’s participation . . . (was) the one true course open to a free and liberty loving people.” He noted that every Lodge had representatives on active service and he proposed an honor roll “to form a permanent record for the information of posterity.” One conflict arose during the year which was under discussion to find a . When the Grand Lodge was formed it was agreed that Royal Standard Lodge would retain its English Warrant and that it would only accept members from the imperial military and naval service. A complaint had arisen as local Halifax lodges had accepted members from HMS Niobe34 and the complication arose as it was a Canadian ship.

1917 (Jun 13, 1917) 74 Lodges with 6,927 members. Deaths included M.W.Bro. Marshall Black (GM 1909 and 1910). In terms of masonic growth, the Grand Master noted that he had approved the creation of the Nova Scotia Lodge of Research. He had refused to grant a dispensation for the formation of a military lodge. He noted that the war in Europe continued unabated and among the many members who were serving the colours, there were many would never return. Grand Lodge voted the allocation of $500 to the Patriotic Fund, $500 to the Military YMCA and $250 to the Canadian Red Cross. (1918 Ontario Proceedings, p lxxvii-lxxviii). The of December 6, 1917 was felt across the city, province and the entire country. Sixty-five members of the craft and their families were directly affected. A Grand Lodge Relief Fund immediately raised

34 HMS Niobe had been constructed in 1897, displaced 11,000 tons and had a rated top speed of 20-25 kts. The Royal Canadian Navy had been formed in 1910 and HMS Niobe was transferred to it in 1913, although it was not officially designated as HMCS Niobe until 1916. By the time Niobe was at Halifax it likely could not exceed a maximum of 18 kts due to damage sustained from stranding before being transferred to Canada. 62

$20,000 and helped to care for 150 of those who were injured and/or made homeless. By the end of the relief effort a balance of $3,000 was placed in the Grand Lodge benevolence Fund.

1918 (Jun 12, 1918) 75 Lodges with 7,124 members. Deaths included M.W.Bro. L. B. Archibald (GM 1902). The Grand Master’s opening remarks focussed on the great loss of lives and the damage to Halifax from the great explosion. Support of all kinds was provided by sister Grand Lodges, for which he was extremely grateful. Given the increasing costs of the Freemasons’s Home an increased assessment was under active review. A motion to raise the commutation fee of life members from $5 to $10 was defeated.

1919 (Jun 11-12, 1919) no data on numbers of Lodges or Members. Deaths included M.W.Bro. A. J. Wolff (GM 1911-12), T. B. Flint (GM 1897-1900) and R.W.Bro. T. Mowbray (Grand Secretary 1901-1918). It was reported that the Grand Master had ruled that a man with a stiff or rigid knee was not eligible to became a Mason in the Jurisdiction although the reviewer (an Ontario Mason) noted that standing at the altar was also a sign of reverence and that the rigidity of certain rules should be reconsidered (particularly after a war as such had just been concluded). A special committee which had been struck to advise on the matter of physical qualifications, recommended “. . . that each case should be considered by the Grand Master “who shall place an interpretation upon the regulations most liberal to the sailors and soldiers who have fought in the battle of our country.” On the matter of the Nova Scotia Freemasons’ Home, the (Ontario) reviewer noted that it now provided a home for seven times its original design of 1910, and that in spite of expansion costs continued to increase. A drive to raise an endowment fund of $100,000 to defray the costs of the home was increased to $150.000.

1920 (Jul 10, 1920) 77 Lodges with 8,133 members. The Grand Historian reported on the status of the new Lodge of Research and the efforts which were under way to write a history of Freemasonry in the Province.

During the war, four soldiers from Nova Scotia received the Victoria Cross for action on the battlefields of Europe. None of them were members of the Craft.

One member of the Craft from Nova Scotia, serving in the CEF in France became a founder member of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre:

McKINNON, D. — Lt. Canadian Corps — (no residence listed) — Founder 34 — member of Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 88 GRCanada35. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Dougald McKinnon; B Jun 1, 1869, North East Margate, Cape Breton. Next of Kin was listed as (father) Archibald McKinnon of Woodbine, Cape Breton. Dougald McKinnon enlisted at Halifax on December 20, 1914 and is shown as a Widower. He served as a Lieutenant of “A” Company of the 25th Battalion CEF, and was later promoted to Captain in the same unit. (Sources: Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: Masonic records show that Dougald McKinnon was born Jun 1, 1868 at Big Interval, North East Margaree, (Cape Breton), son of Archibald and Flora (Matheson); married Jul 25, 1889 to Christena A. MacKay (daughter of Neil and Ann MacKay) of Lake Ainslie, Cape Breton. Joined St. Marks Lodge, No. 35 GRNS, Baddeck (age 34 years, occupation farmer) and was Initiated Jun

35 The name of the Jurisdiction is incorrect and should show as Grand Registry of Nova Scotia. 63

19, 1902, Passed Jul 17, 1902 and Raised Aug 21, 1902. Demitted Feb 15, 1912. Affiliated with Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 88 GRNS, on Mar 14, 1912 and retained his membership until he was suspended on Feb 8, 1923. (Source: Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia membership database via R.W.Bro. Brian Loughnan.) (3) Obituary in the Cape Breton Post, May 16, 1939, shows him as Major Dugald MacKinnon, 71, Passed away at Huntingdon, Mira, Cape Breton, May 15, 1939. Buried in Sandfield Cemetery, Cape Breton. Shown as having moved to New Waterford in 1912. Survived by a son and daughter (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Loughnan, Grand Historian.)

English Constitution Lodge in Halifax

When Grand Lodge had been formed, Royal Standard Lodge, No. 398 EC, Halifax36 had remained aloof and retained its authority with England, which it still holds to in the twenty-first century. Fourteen of its members served the colours and two were killed in service (refer to Appendix 12).

36 Established under Antients Provincial Warrant, No. 39, dated Jul 2, 1815. Following union of the Antients’ and Moderns’ Grand Lodges in 1813, the Lodge received its first Grand Lodge Warrant dated Mar 10, 1829 and numbered 835, then 564 (1832) and 398 (1863); the changes in number of the Warrant resulting from revisions to the Grand Lodge Register following the 1813 union. 64

Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland joined the Dominion of Canada on March 31, 1949. A fishing outport for Britain and France for many years, Newfoundland was granted responsible government and full colonial status by Britain in 1855. It was not until 1904 that French fishing rights on the northern and western coasts were revoked. Newfoundland sent two observers to the Confederation Conference at Quebec in the fall of 1864 but remained aloof from Confederation.

Freemasonry appeared in Newfoundland as early as 1746 with the warranting of a Lodge at St. John’s by the Grand Lodge of Boston (John Lane, Records, p 472) . But it is from Poole, in Dorset, that Freemasonry received its strongest and most constant support. Amity Lodge, No. 137 EC, of Poole, traces its contacts and support of Lodges at Placentia and Harbour Grace from 1784 and 1785 respectively. Moderns’ and Antients’ can be found here, the latter presence being exercised by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia (in Newfoundland) until 1866 and the formation of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia. The English District Grand Lodge of Newfoundland was formed in 1866 by renaming the former Provincial Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia. In the same year the first Scottish Constitution lodge was formed in St. John’s (Lodge Tasker, No. 454 SC). It would be these two organizations — British and Scottish — which would be active throughout World War I and beyond.

The Grand Lodge of Newfoundland and Labrador was formed by twenty-seven Lodges under the United Grand Lodge of England and three under the and it was consecrated, dedicated and constituted on November 1, 1997. I am very grateful for the assistance provided by R.W.Bro. John Warren, Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge of Newfoundland and Labrador in describing masonic developments in Newfoundland during the war years and in locating and providing information on the masonic background of members.

1914 March 1914 would see the worst sealing disaster in the history of Newfoundland and Labrador with the loss of the sealing crew of the SS Newfoundland (on March 30) and the outright loss through sinking of the SS Southern Cross (March 31). Both ships were part of a sealing fleet operating in the same area which were caught in an extremely violent spring storm which included severe icing. The English and Scottish District Grand Lodges immediately participated in setting up a disaster fund with support from their respective Grand Lodges. The disaster was offset by the Newfoundland visit of the Duke of Connaught in July 1914. At the time he was Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England.

Although the Royal Newfoundland Regiment had a history going back to 1795, it had not been in existence since 1870. In 1914 it was reformed with 500 volunteers out of Newfoundland’s population of the time, which was estimated at 241,000. The need for equipment was as urgent as its need for officers and men and not everything conformed to standard practice. The lack of khaki for uniforms was such that the first men were outfitted with dark blue serge puttees and the Regiment quickly became known as “The Blue Puttees37.” Intended as a derogatory name, it soon became one as well-known as the “Caribou.”

37 To be a “Blue Puttee” was to be a member of Newfoundland’s First Five Hundred. They proceeded onboard the Red cross line’s S. S. Florizel, leaving St. John’s on Oct 4, 1914 to join a convoy carrying a Canadian Contingent to England. (The Fighting Newfoundlander, p 114-6). 65

The departure of the First Contingent saw a special gathering at the St. John’s Temple to bid farewell to its Masonic members. The Contingent first moved to England where it trained on Salisbury Plain and where the Regiment’s numbers doubled to 1,000 officers and men. At this time their uniforms were updated and the blue serge puttees disappeared. A similar event at the St. John’s Temple took place in 1915 for the Second Contingent. A special fund was established and used to finance the “Newfoundland Freemason’s Ward” of ten beds which was established at a hospital in southern England.

1915 In 1915 the Royal Newfoundland Regiment was assigned to Egypt and fought on the Gallipoli Peninsula38 at Suvla Bay where it formed the rearguard when British troops were withdrawn without a victory. The Regiment was transferred to France and placed in the line in the Somme sector. A farewell to the Second Contingent for the First Newfoundland Regiment was given by St. John’s city lodges (English and Scottish) on February 1, 1915. A program issued for the event gives the names of brethren of 21 English and 11 Scottish lodges who were then on active service and the names of brethren of 19 English and 9 Scottish lodges who were ready to embark: a total of 60 brethren.

1916 With the close of the Gallipoli Campaign the First Newfoundland Regiment was given a short time for recuperation before being transferred to the Western Front in March 1916. On July 1, 1916, the Regiment and the 1st Essex39 were ordered to attack Beaumont-Hamel (a heavily manned and entrenched enemy strong point). Seven hundred and eighty officers and men of the Newfoundland Regiment began the attack,110 returned unscathed and only 68 answered the call to “stand-to” the next day — a devastating blow to their families and friends. The Regiment continued to be placed in the lines at various points for the remainder of the war and are well remembered for stopping resolute but unsuccessful German attacks. Beaumont-Hamel is remembered every July 1, in the Memorial Day celebrations of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. This is the only overseas Regiment in the history of British arms to have gained the title “Royal” during the hostilities in which it was engaged during 1914-18. In the latter part of 1916 the Royal Newfoundland Regiment fought on the Somme.

1917 War was no impediment to the celebration of the bicentennial of the United Grand Lodge of England, which had been formed on June 24, 1717. A special meeting was attended by the members of both the English and Scottish Districts. During the year the Royal Newfoundland Regiment fought at Arras (losing 485 men in one day but checking a German attack), Third Ypres, Langemarck, Poelcappelle and Cambrai.

1918 As the Battle of Cambrai continued the Regiment was heavily engaged, in Ledegem and through the Hundred Days which would see the Armistice on November 11.

At the outbreak of war, the English District Grand Lodge of Newfoundland was composed of ten lodges: St. John’s 579 EC of St. John’s; Avalon 776 EC of St. John’s; Hiram 1281 EC of Burin Bay;

38 The Newfoundland Regiment was the only North American unit to serve in this Campaign where the British VIII Corps, IX Corps and Australian and New Zealand Army Corps had been attempting to seize control of the Dardanelles Strait for Turkey since the Allies’ first landing on April 25..

39 In the Army reorganization of 1881 the 44th (East Essex) and the 56th (West Essex) Regiments to form, respectively, the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Essex Regiment. 66

Victoria 1378 EC of Fortune Bay; Fidelity 1659 EC of Grand Bank; Notre Dame 1907 EC of Little Bay Mines; Twillingate 2364 EC of Twillingate; Whiteway 3541 EC of St. John’s; Botwood 3542 EC of Botwood and Clift 3694 EC of Bell Island, Conception Bay. By 1914, the Scottish District Grand Lodge of Newfoundland was composed of five lodges: Tasker 454 SC of St. John’s; Harbour Grace 476 SC of Harbour Grace; Carbonear 1043 SC of Carbonear; Northcliffe 1086 SC of Grand Falls and MacKay 1129 SC of Bay Roberts. Warrant No. 1139 for a sixth Lodge, St. Andrew of St. John’s, was issued on August 8, 1914. No Honour Roll as such has been located and the earliest listing of brethren of the English and Scottish Lodges who enlisted is taken from a copy of the February 1, 1915 Program entitled Farewell from the Brethren of City Lodges to brethren who have volunteered for active service with the First Newfoundland Regiment (Second Contingent). Using this and other Lodge specific material a Roll of Honour of those Newfoundland Masons of both Districts who fell during World War I is being developed in Appendix 13. To date sixty brethren of English and Scottish Lodges have been identified as having enlisted and three are known to have been killed on active service.

One Newfoundlander, who would later join the Craft, was awarded the Victoria Cross. This was Sergeant Thomas Ricketts of the 1st Battalion, Royal Newfoundland Regiment. Born Apr 15, 1901 at Middle Arm, White Bay, Newfoundland, He enlisted at the age of 15½ years by lying abut his age. He went overseas with the Regiment in January 1917 and was wounded near Cambrai in November 1917. He returned to action in Apr 1918 and by Oct 14, 1918 was at Ledeghem, Belgium where the Regiment had beaten off a German attack. Under heavy artillery shelling from the enemy and having no close artillery support, Ricketts volunteered to move in a flanking action and fight against the Germans with a . Several times during the attack Ricketts retired to obtain ammunition. In the end his actions had generated no allied casualties but had captured 4 machine- guns, 4 field guns and 8 prisoners. After the war he settled in St. John’s and became a druggist. He joined Lodge Tasker, No. 454 SC, St. John’s where he was Initiated Apr 17, 1930, Passed May 15, 1930 and Raised Jun 19, 1930. He died on February 10, 1967 and is buried in the Anglican Cemetery, Forest Road, St. John’s. (See App 3 #61). 67

Part IV - Freemasonry in Europe

England

At the outbreak of War in 1914, Freemasonry in Britain numbered about 800 Lodges in the Greater London area alone and the forty-five Provinces in England and Wales had about 1,800 Lodges. While there were a great many District Grand Lodges40 around the world, in Canada the twentieth century would see only one for Newfoundland. The English Constitution lodges of Quebec and Nova Scotia (contained today within a quasi-district administered by a Grand Inspector) are included under those provincial sections.

In England it was quickly realized that amongst other things this would be a “family war.” Not only were the great European families intermarried but there was a large German expatriate population in England who had intermarried with the English. Masonic principals were subjected to the laws of one’s country and in many cases “universal brotherhood” would be forgotten. Internment of foreign nationals became the norm and many organizations (including the Freemasons) refused admittance to their members who were not “true Britons.”

In England, each Province had its own Provincial Benevolent Fund and the Freemasons War Hospital extended its operation by taking over Fulham Palace, which had been offered by the Bishop of London to the Red Cross Society. Other efforts quickly provided ambulances for local Red Cross Societies and funds were raised for an Orthopaedic Facility which was so large it became a wing for a local hospital. A number of houses for Belgian refugees were funded, funds to provide tobacco for soldiers and funds for welcome facilities for Dominion and (later) American troops were easily raised.

One meeting place for serving members of the Craft proceeding through England on their way to France, was Canada Lodge, No. 3527 EC, London. It had been founded by brethren from Canada who were resident in England, especially those employed by the Dominion government and the railways. During the Great War period the minute book is full of notations about visitors. As R.W.Bro. Douglas Franklin notes in his paper for Ashlar Lodge on Arthur Currie, a most interesting Lodge meeting (undated) ensued with the spontaneous arrival of about 100 Canadian brethren of all Masonic and military ranks — most lacking regalia. The Tyler was despatched to obtain tissue paper from which to fashion passable regalia for the visitors! Or the meeting of Apr 23, 1918 when the secretary recorded the attendance of “[R]WBro. Sir Arthur W. Currie, KCB, KCMG, Corps Commander, Canadian Expeditionary Force; WBro. Sir Richard Turner, VC41, KCB, KCMG, DSO, Commander II Division, CEF and WBro. Sir David Watson, KCB, CMG, Commander IV Division, CEF. Thus, fate and fraternity brought together three of Canada’s highest ranking

40 The Grand Lodge of England had long ago revised the definition so that the title “Provincial Grand Lodge” refers to one in England and “District Grand Lodge” refers to its equivalent abroad. In the 1994-95 Yearbook (a copy of which is in the author’s library) 37 District Grand Lodges are shown, none of which mention Canada or the United States.

41 Lt.-Gen. Sir Richard Ernest William Turner (1871-1961) received the VC for his actions in defending field artillery against a Boer attack at Leliefontain, near the Komati River in South Africa on Nov 7, 1900. 68 generals in lodge42. Regardless of rank, all brethren were made equally welcome in Canada Lodge.”

Canada Lodge spearheaded an appeal for funds to build the Queen’s Canadian Hospital. An excellent description of the project can be found on pages 363-4 in The Pattern Set for Us by R.W.Bro. George Doughart (published 2000, ISBN 0-9688858-0-2): “. . . . a fifty-bed military hospital in London and an auxiliary hospital at Folkestone, as a landing place for the wounded.” Grand Lodges across Canada contributed donations to the creation and ongoing work of the Hospital.

Almost fifty years previously, the Grand Lodge of England had terminated masonic communication with the Grand Orient of France and this had been followed by most regular Grand Lodges around the globe. The basis for this separation went back to the latter part of the nineteenth century when the Grand Orient had abolished all reference to the Deity in its Constitution. The result was that French freemasons were not admitted to “regular” Lodges and members of “regular” Lodges were prohibited from attending irregular French ones. This was a different situation to that which saw the prohibition of masonic intercourse with Freemasons who were German, Austrian and Turkish nationals — at least for a little while.

Fortunately, in the months preceding the outbreak of war and the despatch of the first British and Dominion servicemen to France, the Grand Lodge of England had participated in the formation of a new Grand Lodge in France with which there was masonic communication. This was the Grand Loge National Independante et Régulière pour la France et les Colonies Francaises (The Independent and Regular National Grand Lodge for France and the French Colonies). At the Quarterly Communication of Sep 3, 1913, Lord Ampthill, the Pro Grand Master said that he had “. . . assented to the establishment of fraternal relations and the exchange of representatives.” The conditions under which the recognition had been achieved included the following:

1. While the lodge is at work the Bible will always be open on the altar.

2. The ceremonies will be conducted in strict conformity with the ritual of the “Regime Rectifie” which is followed by these lodges, a ritual which was drawn up in 1778 and sanctioned in 1782, and under which the Duke of Kent was initiated in 1792.

3. The lodge will always be opened and closed with the invocation and in the name of the Great Architect of the Universe. All the summonses of the order and of the lodges will be printed with the symbols of the Great Architect of the Universe.

4. No religious or political discussion will be permitted in the lodge.

5. The lodge as such will never take part officially in any political affair, but every individual brother will preserve complete liberty of opinion and action.

42 Absent from the meeting was Brother Maj.-Gen. Malcolm Smith Mercer, CB, a member of River Park Lodge, No. 356 GRC, Streetsville, who had been killed on Jun 3, 1916 at Mount Sorrel, Belgium. He was #90 on the Lodge Membership Roll and had been initiated Aug 1, 1897, passed Sep 7, 1897 and raised Nov 9, 1897 and served as WM for 1906. 69

6. Only those brethren who are recognized as true brethren by the Grand Lodge of England will be received in Lodge.

During 1914 the Grand Lodge of England approved funds in support of the National Institution, Prince of Wales national Relief Fund, the Red Cross Society and for “the relief of distress in Belgium.” Further, a resolution was adopted asking lodges throughout the jurisdiction to contribute to the relief of distress in Belgium caused by war.

During 1915, Grand Lodge admonished lodges whose summonses contained the names of candidates proposed for election (as candidates) who had not been proposed at the immediately preceding regular meeting of the lodge. With regard to patriotism, it was noted that masonic leaders, often too old to be employed in the field, had given their sons who were even then engaged in conflict: Prince Arthur of Connaught, son of the Grand Master, the Duke of Connaught, was serving on the staff of Sir John French; Midshipman the Hon. Guy Russell, son of the Pro Grand Master, was serving onboard HMS Implacable; Captain Lionel Halsey, son of the DGM, had been promoted to Captain of the Fleet onboard HMS Iron Duke; and the son-in-law of the DGM had distinguished himself at Gallipoli and been badly wounded. Two of the King’s sons were serving in uniform: HRH Prince Edward, The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) in the army and the Duke of York (later King George VI) who was in the navy.

At this critical time in the War, the following decision had been made and is bordered because of its import. It was noted in the records of the Grand Lodge that the item was discussed until Mar 1, 1916, when it was adopted by Grand Lodge with the additional proviso that the prohibition of visiting would continue after a treaty of peace was signed and until Grand Lodge would otherwise determine.

Members of English lodges born in enemy countries had been requested not to attend meetings of their lodges during the continuance of the war; and, after much discussion, the Board of General Purposes resolved to recommend that such brethren be exempt from payment of lodge dues during the period of their enforced separation and also that they should not forfeit their claims upon the benevolent fund.

At the Quarterly Communication of Mar 1, 1916, Grand Lodge was advised that with the capture of Antwerp by German forces, 1,500 British marines retired into Holland where they were interned. Many were masons who desired to erect a new Lodge to cater to their needs. They were informed that such an action could only be done under the authority of the Grand Lodge of the Netherlands. This was done and brethren from across Holland gathered for the constitution of Lodge Gastvrijheid (Hospitality). At the Quarterly Communication of Jun 7, 1916 a resolution of sorrow on the death of Lord Kitchener was adopted. At the same Communication it was resolved that “there shall be no intercourse or exchange of representatives between the United Grand Lodge of England and Grand Lodges in enemy countries” and they shall not be listed in the masonic Year Book. At the Quarterly Communication of Dec 6, 1916, the Grand Master, HRH the Duke of Connaught, spoke eloquently about the loyal support provided to the King and the Empire during the conflict. Grand Lodge also noted that sums of benevolence support had been received from around the globe to be furthered for support for such activities as Belgian Relief, British Red Cross Society, National Relief Fund, Freemasons’ Hospital and Blinded Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Hospital.

The Quarterly Communication of Jun 23, 1917 was marked with a celebration of the bicentennial 70 of the first assembly of the Grand Lodge of England and distinguished visitors were received as were the Worshipful Masters of three of the four original lodges who were invested with collars of a special pattern.

In spite of the war, special anniversaries were celebrated. At the Quarterly Communication of Jun 5, 1918 funds were voted to acquire a silver testimonial for the King and Queen in celebration of their 25th wedding anniversary. And a grant was made to the Freemasons’ War Hospital. Difficulties had arisen in respect of overseas military brethren who sought either visitation or affiliation and it was agreed that in future all such enquiries would require a commendation or request from the mother lodge. It appears that the situation arose over a British Columbia brother who was subsequently found to be a member of a clandestine lodge which made monies by defrauding men with unrecognized degrees. The issue of membership being permitted to a maimed candidate was discussed and it was agreed that if the candidate’s condition does not prevent his understanding of the ceremonies and secrets, he may be admitted. The final decision would rest with the Master and lodge members directly concerned and/or to the Provincial Grand master where such is required in Provincial Constitutions.

In June 1919, Grand Lodge agreed to lift the prohibition on expensive festive boards and that “Lodges may now fittingly resort to their accustomed practice in the matter of dress.” The June 1919 Masonic Peace Celebrations were held and attended by 8,330 attendees, including representatives from other Grand Lodges (including Canada in Ontario, New Brunswick and Quebec). In May 1919 HRH the Prince of Wales was initiated and later his brother, HRH the Duke of York, was also initiated. The first report on the creation of a Masonic Peace Memorial was submitted and evoked great debate, which would continue through future Communications. 71

Scotland

At the Quarterly Communication of August 1913 recognition was given to the Grand Lodge of New Zealand. At the Annual Communication of Nov 28, 1913, it was reported that membership had increased by 13,377 to an estimated total membership of about 75,000. During the year, charters had been issued to thirteen lodges: two in Queensland, one in the Malay states and one in Syria. At the Quarterly Communication of Feb 5, 1914, an enquiry from the District Grand Lodge Queensland regarding the recognition of the Order of the Eastern Star was read out and the Grand Secretary instructed that the body was not considered Masonic and any brethren taking part in its proceedings would be deemed guilty of contravening the Constitution.

At the Quarterly Communication of May 7, 1914, the Grand Lodge of Scotland extended recognition to the Independent and Regular National Grand Lodge of France and, on Feb 4, 1915 to the Grand Lodge of the Philippines. Grand Lodge also authorized lodges to “free members on active military and naval service from their annual contributions during the continuance of the war without losing their good standing.” Information was provided to Grand Lodge indicating that there were 833 lodges holding warrants from the Grand Lodge of Scotland: 450 located in Scotland and 383 in other parts of the world.

On May 6, 1915 Grand Lodge unanimously adopted a resolution to purchase an ambulance for the Scottish Branch of the Red Cross Society. At the same Quarterly Communication Grand Lodge amended its membership regarding Scottish residency for initiation other than a person serving in any branch of His Majesty’s Imperial forces. At the Annual Communication of Nov 30, 1915 it was reported that total membership had been increased by 8,963 initiations.

At the Quarterly Communication of Aug 3, 1916 amendments to the Constitution were adopted with respect to proper enquiry into candidates’ qualifications, time between receipt of a petition and balloting, three black balls would exclude in Scottish Lodges but for lodges in the colonies, they may require only two black balls. In addition the denial of admittance to a lodge by a member born in an enemy country was adopted under the same terms as United Grand Lodge of England. At the Annual Communication of Nov 30, 1916, Grand Lodge advised that membership had increased by 11,613 initiations and that the number of lodges now totalled 845 of which 454 were located in Scotland.

At the Quarterly Communication of Aug 2, 1917, approval was given to permit lodges to pass or raise a brother on the roll of any Grand Lodge which extends a reciprocal privilege, the brother being so advanced would still retain his membership in his mother lodge. A special charge was levied on lodges to establish an Orphan Fund and £10,000 was transferred into the new fund from the Grand Lodge Annuity Fund. As a measure of masonic involvement in the war on behalf of King and Empire, the Provincial Grand Master for Argyll and the Isles advised that Lodge Glencoe, with 55 members, reported 41 of them in the military service of the country. It was noted that between 1907 and 1917 Grand Lodge had registered 108,563 initiations. It was reported that the Grand Lodge of Queensland had complained about the number of new lodges in that jurisdiction being established under Scottish authority, Grand Lodge noted that it was the decision of the founding brethren in that area to seek Scottish warrants and the decision would be honoured.

During 1918-19 Grand Lodge was advised that the government collection of income tax on the 72 revenues of the Annuities and Benevolent funds which had been subject to a protest at the time they were collected, had been returned by the Inland Revenue Board. A Scottish Lodge in Hawaii had requested that it be permitted to surrender its charter and to be placed under the authority of the Grand Lodge of California under which the Hawaiian Islands territorially belonged. The request was approved. Grand Lodge was advised that the Scottish Craft continued to grow. As of Apr 12, 1919 there were 872 Scottish lodges working around the world.

During 1919-20 the Grand Master and other distinguished brethren attended the Masonic celebration of Peace in London, Jun 23-28, 1919. An “Ode to Victory” was produced by the Grand Bard of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. It was reported that an agreement had been concluded between the Grand Lodges of England, Scotland and Ireland ensuring that they will consult and agree on matters of recognition and Landmarks and that they will hold annual conferences at which items of common interest and import would be discussed. 73

Ireland

At the Annual Communication of Dec 27, 1913, the death of the late Duke of Abercorn, who had held the office of Grand Master since his election in 1886 was announced to Grand Lodge by the Deputy Grand Master. The new Grand Master, the Earl of Donoughmore43 was not available to preside at the Communication. In commenting on the size and distribution of lodges and members, the Deputy Grand Master noted that there were 113 lodges in Dublin and only 50 in Belfast. Grand Lodge’s two major charities maintained 101 boys and an equal number of girls and were noted as being well supported. A Grand Lodge of Instruction had been held six times during the year.

At the Annual Communication of Dec 28, 1914, The Grand Master was again unavailable and the Communication was chaired by the Deputy Grand Master. He expressed great sympathy for the brethren who had lost family and friends engaged at the front. He reported that on Jun 11, 1914, Grand Lodge had constituted Quis Separabit44 Lodge, No. 595 IC, held in the 5th Royal Irish Lancers. At that time, none of the participants could have foreseen that within three months the Regiment would be plunged into a world at war and be sent to the front. As of that date, the Grand Master confirmed that there were nine Irish regimental Lodges in existence, three of which dated back to the eighteenth century (295 IC in the 4th Dragoon Guards, est. 1758; Lodge Glittering Star, No. 322 IC, in the Worcester Regiment, est. 1759; and 570 IC in 5th Dragoon Guards, est. 1780). The Deputy Grand Master noted that “about 500 lodges” hold their authority from the .

At the Annual Communication of Dec 27, 1915, the Grand Master, the Earl of Donoughmore, was not in attendance, being on military duty in France. The Deputy Grand Master noted that since the outbreak of war “a large portion of the population of Ireland came forward and joined the army and the navy - men of all ranks in life, but particularly from the classes from which our order is mainly recruited and who have so numerously volunteered to serve their country in this crisis.” The volunteers included 54 members of the DGM’s own lodge. A War Relief Fund had been established and raised £3,505. Of six lodges warranted during the year two were military lodges. Of historical interest for Grand Lodge was the report from the Grand Secretary that he had received a request from a “. . . Brother R. W. Waters (then living in St. Louis, Missouri) for a duplicate certificate, the original having been destroyed by fire. Brother Waters was initiated in Lodge No. 3, Cork, so far back as 1859 and after a rather adventurous life in the United States, finds himself at the age of 85 still a subscribing and interested member of the craft.” Lodges were authorized to remit the dues of members on active service in the army or navy. The Proceedings indicate that “There are about 500 lodges under the Irish constitution in all parts of the world; number of members not known.

At the Annual Communication of Dec 27, 1916, the Deputy Grand Master presided, the Grand Master being absent in France. The Grand Master recorded his disapproval of the Imperial Government’s decision that Masons were not to be appointed to the Irish Constabulary [Note: a lasting effect of the Easter 1916 Uprising.] The Assistant Grand Secretary reported an interesting

43 Richard Walter Hely-Hutchinson, 6th Earl of Donoughmore, KP, PC (1875-1948). He served as Under Secretary of State for War (1903-05) under PM Arthur Balfour. From 1911 he was Lord Chairman of Committees of the House of Lords. In 1916 he was part of the Mesopotamia Committee of Enquiry. An active freemason he was elected as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1913 and held the office until his death in 1948.

44 Latin for “who shall separate (Great Britain from Ireland)?” which is the motto of the Order of St. Patrick. 74 incident involving military masons. An officer of the 16th Royal Irish Rifles wrote to a friend that “The Regimental Masonic Lodge of the Pioneers held two successful meetings in a large two- storied farm home within their billeting area and only a couple of miles from the German front line. The building had been shelled a short time previously, and not a whole pane of glass remained in the house. This, however, was soon remedied, and did not interfere with the business of the meeting. Business was transacted to the music of the big gun fire, the hum of aeroplanes, and bursting of Hun shells. It is perhaps the first time that Masonic brethren had to meet in lodge fully armed and equipped with the gas helmets, as some of the members on this occasion had to do. A good many visiting brethren availed themselves of the opportunity of meeting under so unique circumstances, some coming long distances to do so.” Subscriptions to the three masonic charities (girls’ school, boys’ school and the Victoria fund) totalled about $30,000. In addition, Grand Lodge recommended that “it would be inexpedient to elect brethren of German origin to office in subordinate Lodges during the war or to admit candidates of enemy origin .”

Although no report for 1917 was available the Bicentenary Celebrations of the Grand Lodge of England on June 23, 1917, in London, was memorable. The Grand Master, M.W.Bro. The Earl of Donoughmore, accompanied by a retinue of senior officers and members was in attendance.

At the Annual Communication of Dec 27, 1918, The absentee Grand Master wrote that he hoped that 1919 would open a period of Masonic prosperity. The Deputy GM noted that the three charities of Grand Lodge had increased their financial base. The Deputy Grand Secretary reported that the Chetwold Crawley Library was now the property of Grand Lodge and had increased the Grand Lodge Library by about 1,000 volumes. Grand Lodge resolved unanimously that th minimum annual dues of a member of an Irish Lodge would be twelve shillings. Grand Lodge was advised that to avoid blackballing candidates for degrees, Lodges had started the practice of orally blackballing potential candidates before their names were even proposed. The Board of General Purposed proposed that every member of a Lodge had an inherent right to propose a candidate and that only after a name was proposed could the lodge refuse to accept the name and/or refer the name to a committee of scrutineers to make enquiry and report to the lodge.

An incomplete report for 1919 was available and contained the Grand Master’s Christmas message to Grand Lodge and some general remarks by the Deputy Grand Master on Irish Freemasonry. He noted, for example that when he was initiated in Dublin, in 1858 there were only 16 Lodges in the city and “many of them were in a moribund state. Some were kept alive by two or three members paying the annual fees and preserving the warrant from extinction.” By 1919 there were 57 lodges in the city and over 100 in Belfast. He also noted that at the present time there was a statement in the Home Rule for Ireland Act (which was still in the statute-book but suspended at that time) with a provision protecting the Masonic Order from any interference and he hoped that there would be a similar provision in the Act then before Parliament. In particular he noted Freemasonry’s acceptance of all religions and cited that, at the time, benevolence was being provided to defray the costs of educating the daughter of a Mason at a Catholic School. He reminded Lodges of the importance of the “Loyal Toast” at festive boards and noted that it had slowly been dropped during the reign of Queen Victoria from the belief that she could not be associated with the Craft because of her gender. Although not clearly specified, it was estimated that there likely close to 1,000 Irish Lodges worldwide (including 23 lodges which received their warrants during 1919). 75

Belgium

The peaceful neutrality of Belgium, guaranteed by Treaty dating from 1839, was shattered on the morning of August 4, 1914, with invasion by the German army. By November 1914 many Belgians had taken refuge in London. Among these refugees were a number of freemasons who began to meet as a Cercle Amicale (“Friendly Club”). Their plight was made difficult by the lack of amity between the Grand Orient of Belgium (founded 1832) and United Grand Lodge which had intensified over time when Belgium removed all references to a “Great Architect of the Universe” from the ritual.

The newly formed Albert de Belgique Lodge in London faced a trying and confusing situation: on the one hand its members were denied the use of any and all UGLE facilities. But surprisingly the Supreme Council 33E of the Ancient and Accepted Rite in England and the Supreme Council in Belgium were in amity. Albert de Belgique met in private quarters but was able to carefully maintain a quiet (invisible?) Masonic contact with other masons in London.

After the Armistice many Belgians returned home and these included members of Albert de Belgique. In spite of many difficulties the Lodge continued to work in London, received official recognition from the Grand Orient of Belgium in 1920 and continued to exist in London until it disappeared about 1927.

One conclusion about this situation — at least for the wartime period — is a tolerance for those who practice most (not necessarily all) of freemasonry’s landmarks. Belgian brethren would take until 1965 to obtain recognition from the United Grand Lodge of England and are now recognized by most Grand Lodges around the world. 76

France

Although French Freemasonry is supposed to have existed from 1725, R. F. Gould notes that there are no minutes or other evidence predating 1773. For the next century and longer, there were numerous Masonic Grand bodies in the country and by 1877 the largest of the Masonic bodies, the Grand Orient of France, had made sufficient changes in its landmarks — including omission in its rituals to a reference to God and not requiring the presence of a Bible in Lodge — that the United Grand Lodge of England severed relations with all French Masonic organizations. This action was followed very quickly by most Grand Lodges around the world.

On November 5, 1913, two Lodges of the Grand Orient of France set up an anonymous authority to be called the Grand Loge National Independante et Régulière pour la France et les Colonies Francaises (The Independent and Regular National Grand Lodge for France and the French Colonies). Adopting all the key landmarks of Grand Lodges around the world, the new Grand Lodge was recognized by The United Grand Lodge of England (Sep 3, 1913), Scotland (May 7, 1914) and the majority of all Grand Lodges around the world. It would warrant several Lodges for the use of British and Dominion servicemen and civilians.

Loge Jeanne d’Arc was formed at Rouen by British and Dominion servicemen and would meet the needs of military units and the one major military hospital there. It was consecrated on December 16, 1916, by Bro. M. D. Nicholson, Grand Treasurer of the United Grand Lodge of England. One hundred founders came from all parts of the Empire and the Lodge worked throughout the years of conflict. At the Armistice the British members returned to London where they established the Jeanne D’Arc Lodge, No. 4168 EC, which meets in the Freemasons’ Hall, Great Queen Street. The French members kept the Lodge working until 1939 at the Grand Hotel du Nord, in Rouen, when it disappeared. There are no known surviving minutes or other documents of the Lodge.

In 1922 the newly formed War Graves Commission had moved its Headquarters to St. Omer and on January 7, 1922 a new Lodge was consecrated there. This was “The Builders of the Silent Cities” Lodge, No. 12 GLNIR: a name created by Rudyard Kipling. By 1925 the Commission opened a new office in London and many of the St. Omer staff were transferred there, where they formed a sister Lodge, Builders of the Silent Cities, No. 4948 EC.

A third Lodge is covered in greater detail in this paper. This is Loge Have de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR which was formed by British and Dominion servicemen and civilians working in Havre. It was constituted on October 31, 1916. At war’s end the lodge closed when its members were returned to their homes and lives. The furnishings, including the Warrant, Minute Book and Member Register were placed in storage in London and later purchased in an auction as replacements for the burned out Carleton Lodge, No. 465 GRC, Carp, which had suffered with the town in a major conflagration in 1920. For this reason we have the surviving information of the Lodge activities throughout its existence and they are held (preserved in a place of honour) by Carleton Lodge.

Loge Havre de Grace, No. 4, GLNIR, le Havre

The following summary of the organization and working of the Lodge from February 1916 through to early 1919 is taken directly from the Lodge Minute Book. 77

In February 1916 some unaffiliated Masons in the British and Dominion forces in the area in and around Havre, France, suggested that a Lodge should be formed to meet their needs. During March twenty Masons had agreed to become Founder members and a discussion was held with W. Bro. Heisch, WM of No. 3 St. George’s, in Paris about the approach to follow. By the end of June 1916, the number of potential Founders had increased to 40.

Notices were placed in several newspapers advising of the proposal to form a new Masonic Lodge in Havre and that a preliminary formation Meeting would be held on July 31. Fifty-two members attended the meeting (presumably by the age-old tradition of signing an attendance register). It was agreed that (1) a Masonic Lodge would be formed in Havre under the authority of the Grande Loge Nationale Independante and Régulière pour La France et les Colonies Francaises which was in amity with the Grand Lodge of England; (2) the Founder’s Fee was set at 100 Francs and would include the entrance fee; (3) that the following brethren would be the officers for the first year: W.Bros. Major W. J. Norburn as IPM, C. W. Firebrace as WM, Captain C. F. A. Hartung as SW, Major N. McLeod as JW and Colonel F. W. M. Caton-Jones as Treasurer; (4) that of officers in (3) plus Lieutenant H. Eade, acting as Temporary Secretary, would make all preliminary arrangements to form the Lodge and that suggested names for the Lodge would be forwarded to Captain Firebrace.

The Committee met on August 7, 1916 and selected the name of the Lodge: Le Havre de Grâce (meaning “The Haven of Grace”). At the same meeting an Application for Charter was signed by eleven brethren and forwarded to V.W.Bro. Arthur B. Cawdron, Grand Secretary de Menstrie. An order for Lodge furniture was “put in hand” and names of the remaining officers for the first year were prepared. A second Committee meeting was held on August 16 to begin to frame the By- Laws, identify dates for Consecration and select Emulation Working to be used in the Lodge. A third Committee meeting agreed on the date for the Consecration: held on October 31, 1916) and the YMCA facilities at 19 rue de Joinville, Havre.

The Consecrating Officer, R.W.Bro. Edmund Heisch who was to come from England, was delayed when Southampton port was closed on October 30 due to a severe Channel storm. V.W.Bro. Cawdron, then in Paris and a recipient of a telegram advising of the English port closure, immediately left for Havre, arriving at 9 pm, October 30. He met with W. Bros. C. W. Firebrace, C. F. A. Hartung, Rev. J. D. S. Parry Evans, C.M.G., A.C.G. and W. J. Norburn and it was agreed that the Ceremony of Consecration of loge Havre de Grâce and the Installation of the Worshipful Master and investiture of officers would be carried out the next day.

The seventy-one Founder Members came from around the world: England - 27, Scotland - 6, Ireland - 4, Canada - 15 (from: BC - 1, Alberta - 1, Saskatchewan - 1, Manitoba - 4, Ontario - 6, New Brunswick -1 and Nova Scotia - 1), Australia - 1, Gibraltar - 1, India - 8, Malta - 5, South Africa - 2 and the United States of America - 2. [The “country of origin of the founders” is arbitrarily defined by the physical location of the founder’s mother lodge cited in the Lodge Membership Records and the Minutes and ignores the jurisdiction which had issued the Warrant of the Lodge. Many of the warrants for “colonial” Lodges had been issued by London.]

Between December 5, 1916 (the first regular meeting after the Oct. 31, 1916 Consecration) until the Lodge’s closure (sometime after the regular meeting of January 7, 1919 which are the last, unsigned, Minutes in the Minute Book), the Lodge held 24 regular and 14 emergency meetings. It met from October 31, 1916 until March 6, 1917 at the YMCA Hall, 19 rue de Joinville, Havre and 78 thereafter at the Mairie (Town Hall) at Joinville. Applicants for joining (affiliation) and for degrees were proposed and balloted (some applications were withdrawn due to transfer of the applicant) and others were initiated, passed and raised. Between the Consecration meeting and the last meeting of the Lodge, 200 members were listed in the register. The following table shows the work of the Lodge during these 38 meetings:

1916 1917 1918 1919 Total

Founder Members 71

Proposed to Join 2 11 8 21

Balloted to Join 25 7 3 35

Proposed for degrees 16 74 31 121

Balloted for degrees 5 83 18 106

Initiated 5 56 24 4 89

Passed 48 17 4 69

Raised 38 21 56

Withdrawn (Demit) 8 5 13

How the Lodge furniture and other effects came to Canada

When the Lodge closed, shortly after the last meeting on January 7, 1919, only two members remained, both Canadians, the Treasurer being one. The Lodge furniture45 was initially stored in the local Town Hall, covered with the masonic carpet and window blinds (actually discarded tarpaulins which originally covered men and munitions in the fields of Flanders). The Treasurer, Bro. William C. Stuart46 (a founder of the Lodge and a member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville), about to leave for England, and fearing for the safety of the furniture, had it packed into 16 crates and shipped to London where it was stored with Taylor and Son for $7.50 per month. Various efforts are believed to have been made to resurrect the Lodge but all failed: the furniture

45 The furniture came from Spencer & Co., Great Queen Street, London. The Lodge considered Spencer’s three furniture sets and opted for the best quality one, costing £109-19-6, the carpet cost an additional £6-0-0 per yard.

46 His name appears in the minutes in various places as “Stewart” and “Stuart,” and cannot be reconciled until we obtain membership data from both Belleville 123 and Doric 58. 79 remained in London and storage costs accumulated.

Meanwhile at Carp, a small village a few miles west of Ottawa, the town centre was destroyed by a fire on July 20, 1920. Amongst the losses were the masonic hall and contents belonging to Carleton Lodge, No. 465 GRC. The Orange Hall was made available to the Lodge as a temporary home and a search for a new hall was undertaken. At the same time a Furniture Fund was started.

Bro. Stuart, who had returned to Canada and settled in Ottawa where he affiliated with Doric Lodge, No. 58 GRC, advised the members of Doric and Carleton Lodges of the material being stored in London. Letters, cables, legal advice and time were spent. The minutes of Carleton Lodge for February 26, 1926, indicate that Bro. Stuart offered to pay the costs of storage in London and shipping to Carp. During this period a new United Church of Canada was being formed and in Carp the local Methodist and Presbyterian congregations were amalgamating. One consequence was that one church was redundant and was placed on the market — being acquired by Carleton Lodge.

As events unfolded it was realized that the furniture coming from France did not include an Altar. Discussions were held with a local furniture manufacturer, Andy Campbell of A. J. Campbell & Son, Arnprior, to have an altar made and acquired. Brother Campbell manufactured and donated the altar. A suitable blue rug was required for the new lodge room and an enquiry was directed to the T. Eaton Company, explaining the origin of the furniture and the need for a blue carpet. Eventually two men arrived, unannounced and took measurements of the room, disappearing as quietly as they had arrived. Several weeks later two different men arrived from Toronto with two trunks of elaborate carpet laying equipment and laid the under-padding and carpet. Later a letter arrived from Mr. R. Y. Eaton47 asking the Lodge to accept the rug as a gift from the T. Eaton Company.

Carleton Lodge, No. 465 GRC, Carp, meets regularly on the fourth Thursday day of each month except July, August and December. Visitors are welcome and are encouraged to check the lodge website for details on location: www.CarletonLodge465.com..

47 R(obert) Y(oung) Eaton was Secretary-Treasurer of the T. Eaton Company. The action to provide the carpet likely originated with his father Jack. Jack (whose real name was John Craig) Eaton, was the son of Timothy Eaton the store’s founder. Jack was very active in his support for Canada’s efforts during the Great War. He loaned his steam yacht, Florence, to the Canadian Navy and she saw intense service until being sunk off Trinidad. Jack then donated $100,000 to the government which was used to equip the Eaton Machine-gun Battery with Vickers- Maxim guns and 15 armoured cars. He declared that the company would undertake all war contracts at cost for the duration. For one month in each year of the war he had the company sell its products at cost in order to stimulate interest in Canadian products. But he is best remembered for his encouraging support for the men of the company who enlisted in the armed forces. Each married man received full pay for the duration and single men received half pay, which was paid in addition to their regular service pay. If the money was left with Eaton’s it reaped ten percent interest. An “Eaton man” who was captured received a monthly parcel from a specially stocked Eaton’s warehouse in Switzerland, and his pay continued to be paid. At Christmas each “Eaton man” received a hamper. At wars’ end, in appreciation of the efforts of all Veterans, Eatons 1917-18 catalogue offered build-it-yourself homes, barns and farm buildings at very low prices (a seven-room house kit cost $999.77). For his efforts on behalf of Britain and Canada, in 1915, he was created a knight. With the Halifax explosion, Jack oversaw the loading of two special trains and accompanied them to Halifax where they were put into service providing clothing and foodstuffs free-of-charge to those producing a certified “chit” from the local authorities, and treating the injured with a special unit of nurses. 80

Officers of the Lodge October 31, 1916 to January 7, 1919

Office Oct 31, 1916-Nov 6, 1917 Nov 6, 1917-Dec 3, 1918 Dec 3, 1918-closure

WM (E) W. Bro. W. J. Norburn W. Bro. Rev. J. D. S. W. Bro. F. Martin Parry Evans

IPM

SW C. F. A. Hartung J. E. Ives R. L. Surtees

JW E. Kelly E. Vercoe A. F. A. Naylor

Chaplain Rev. E. Stephens

Treasurer (E) W. Bro. Rev. J. D. S. W. Bro. W. C. Stewart W. Bro. W. C. Stewart Parry Evans

Secretary (E) H. Eade/W. Bro. E. J. P. Rev. W. R. Lawson Woolcombe

SD G. Levinge

JD E. Vercoe C. A. Bradford T.. Mowatt

Assistant JD R. H. Davidson Bro. R. G. Barlow

DC C. S. Myers W. Bro. R. S. V. Dyas G. Stone

ADC W. Bro. A. St. Leger Glyn R. E. Wilson

Almoner W. Bro. C. F. A. Hartung E. M. Nightingale

Organist Bro. V. J. J. Leuliette Bro. V. J. J. Leuliette

Assistant Secretary W. Bro. T. Mowatt/V. J. J. Bro. C. H. Downer Leuliette (Mar 5, 1918)

IG Rev. A. T Naylor Bro. J. W. Havercroft

Assistant IG A. T. Hollings Bro. H. N. Bloomfield

Chief Steward C. J. Wale

Steward(s) J. L. London (Mar 5, 1918) Bro. A. K. A Andrews Bro. F. H. Flower

Tyler (E) W. Bro. T. M. Walker W. Bro. T. M. Walker A. R. Tasker

Office Oct. 31, 1916-Nov. 6, Nov. 6, 1917-1918 1917 81

Part V - Military Lodges

In a report of this kind I find it difficult to write about the role of military lodges. The reality is that it was a not a subject of major import during World War I except, perhaps, for the Grand Lodge of Ireland. The first masonic lodges warranted for officers and men of regiments are found in the British army. Between 1732 and 1900 there were approximately 511 of them in British and Colonial units. Their greatest period of operation was up to 1850. One reason for their demise was the growth of stationary lodges around the world which removed the need for a military lodge’s paraphernalia to be carried around the world and replacing, possibly, other much needed military equipment. In addition the establishment and recognition of an easy-to-use system of masonic identification (in the form of small certificates, predating today’s dues cards) was very helpful.

The tradition of the Grand Lodge of Ireland to support the formation of masonic lodges in army Regiments was carried on during World War I when three were formed.

- one of the first British regiments to land in France in September 1914 was the 5th Royal Irish Lancers. Quis Separabit Lodge had been warranted as No. 595 IC in this unit and constituted on June 11, 1914. On mobilisation and shipping out the masonic chest, equipment and warrant, which were intended to remain behind in Ireland, were shipped out with the regiment and used in France and Flanders. About 30 meetings were held between July 1915 (the first meeting, in Flanders) and July 9, 1918 (the last, in Pas-De-Calais). Eleven candidates received their degrees in the field. The Warden’s chairs became offices of concern: in each year one or other of the Wardens were killed on duty. Both military and masonic promotions were rapid: in 1914 Lt. H. C. Alexander served as Inner Guard and by 1918 he was WM and Colonel of the Regiment. The first post-war meeting was held on June 17, 1919 in Canterbury. The Regiment served on the N.W. Frontier of India where the Lodge met until September 20, 1921. The Regiment returned to England and was disbanded. Warrant 595 was surrendered on March 2, 1922.

- Active Service Lodge in the 7th (Service) Battalion of the was formed and issued with Warrant No. 415 IC on March 5, 1915. The Lodge met in France during the war although there are no details available. On return to Ireland after the armistice the Lodge appears to have become defunct. The Warrant was surrendered to Grand Lodge on June 5, 1924.

- Pioneers Lodge, No. 420 IC in the 16th (Pioneer) Battalion of the Royal Irish Rifles was formed in 1915 and Warrant No. 420 IC was issued on June 3, 1915 and the Lodge was constituted in Lurgan Masonic Hall. Three communications were held in England, enroute to the front. Many meetings were held very close to the front and Lodge members and candidates, attended fully armed and prepared to fight at a moments’ notice. The meeting of October 28, 1916 at 3 pm was held at “M35D.7.8 - 5.7 EET 28.5 W. (Dranoutre) . . . the business being to confer degrees.” With the armistice in 1918, Pioneers Lodge 420 had its warrant made permanent in Belfast as an ex- serviceman’s lodge. In 1921 the Lodge removed into Freemasons’ Hall, Arthur Square, Belfast and is presently listed as “current” on the Grand Lodge register.

At the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Alberta on May 31, 1916, the Grand Master reported that he had received a request from brethren in the 56th Overseas Battalion to grant a dispensation for the formation of a masonic Lodge. He reviewed the situation with available members of the Board and investigated the situation, concluding that various masonic authorities were opposed to such action. Meanwhile at the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan communication of 82

Jun 21, 1916 greetings were received, via the safe hands of the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of BC, from brethren “members of a British Columbia battalion, who held an informal meeting in the trenches in Belgium, and sent ‘good wishes and fraternal regards of those brethren who are deprived of the advantages of lodge meetings, but who have not forgotten their Masonic relationship’.”

The Grand Lodges in the United States appear to have been most concerned about the issue of the role of military lodges by 1916. Their adoption of “exclusive jurisdiction” at the end of the Revolution had been intended to prevent the three senior Grand Lodges (England, Ireland and Scotland) of ever again warranting lodges in their political territory. During World War I contact was made with other Grand Lodges on the matter of military lodges. There was no great clamour to raise them. A few Grand Lodges were prepared to assess any proposal from military brethren should their need arise. But most American Grand Lodges were not prepared to sanction any, viewing that the action of doing so could be construed as a violation of the sovereignty of another Grand Lodge.

Two Grand Lodges (Kentucky and Montana) did authorize dispensations for the formation of Lodges to be held “within” three regiments of infantry. There is no evidence of their working which means only that there has been no investigation as part of this paper. Given the small American civilian presence in Loge Havre de Grâce No. 4, it is probable that the need for American freemasons to meet was met in other ways. 83

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Nicholson, G. W. L., The Fighting Newfoundlander: A History of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, Carleton Library Series 209, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal & Kingston, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7735-3133-8.

Parkinson, R. E., History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Volume II, Lodge of Research, CC, Dublin, 1957, no LCC or ISBN.

Reuther, John W. A., Freemasonry and the Great War, as published in Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Transactions Vol. 111, 1998, published 1999.

Royle, Trevor, Crimea: The Great Crimean War 1854-1856, Abacus, London, 2000, ISBN 0-349- 11284-3. 85

Santink, Joy L., Timothy Eaton and the rise of his department store, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1990, ISBN 0-8020-2720-2.

Sibbald, Raymond, The War Correspondents: The Boer War, Bramly Books, Bridgend, UK, 1993, ISBN 1-85833-733-X.

Sleightholme, Terry, Bro. Sir Sam Hughes, published in The Newsletter of the Committee on Masonic Education, March 2003, Vol. 18-1, Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario.

Stephenson, William, The Store that Timothy Built, McClelland and Stewart, Ltd., Toronto, 1969, no ISBN or LCC number.

Stonehouse, V.W.Bro. Grant, Address on the Historical Furniture of Carleton Lodge 465 of carp, Ontario, delivered to Luxor Daylight Lodge, June 2005.

Swettenham, John, Breaking the Hindenburg Line, Canadian Battle Series No. 23 Canadian War Museum, Balmuir Books, Ottawa, 1986.

Tuchman, Barbara, The Zimmerman Telegram, MacMillan Co., USA, 1966, LCC 66-26604.

Web-sites of interest: should always be used with caution and cross referencing is usually necessary since the quality of the basic material cannot be guaranteed. Those found to be helpful in the preparation of this paper include:

The Canadian Great War Project (identified in this report as CGWP) can be found at http://www.canadiangreatwarpoject.com

Library and Archives Canada database of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (identified in this report as LAC-CEF) can be found at http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/database 86 87

Appendix 1

Declarations of War and the status of belligerents by 1918/19

Austria declared war against Serbia July 28, 1914, against Russia on August 6, 1914, against Belgium on August 28, 1914, against Portugal on March 15, 1916. Hapsburg monarchy dissolved and an independent Hungarian government established after the Armistice.

Belgium invaded without notice by Germany.

Bolivia “severed relations” with Germany on April 13, 1917.

Brazil declared war on Germany on October 26, 1917.

Bulgaria declared war on Serbia on October 14, 1915 and on Rumania on September 1, 1916. By war’s end Bulgaria had collapsed and the government replaced.

Canada committed first 25,000 troops to support Great Britain on Aug 5, 1914.

China declared war on Germany and Austria on August 14, 1917.

Costa Rica declared war on Germany on May 23, 1917.

Cuba declared war on Germany April 7, 1917 and on Austria December 16, 1917.

Ecuador “severed relations” with Germany on December 8, 1917.

France declared war against Austria on August 12, 1914, against Turkey on November 5, 1914 and against Bulgaria on October 15, 1916.

Germany declared war on Russia August 1, 1914, on France August 3, 1914, on Belgium August 4, 1914, on Portugal March 9, 1916 and Rumania on August 28, 1916. Her overseas territories were captured in the opening year of war: Togoland, Samoa, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Cameroons, South West Africa, Tanganyika, Marshall islands, Mariannes, Palaw, Carolines. Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Finland, Moldavian Republic. The Emperor was exiled at war’s end and the German monarchy was ended.

Great Britain declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914, on Austria on August 12, 1914, on Turkey on November 5, 1914 and on Bulgaria on October 15, 1915.

Greece declared war on Austria, Bulgaria, Germany and Turkey on June 27, 1917.

Guatemala declared war on Germany on April 23, 1918. 88

Haiti declared war on Germany on July 12, 1917.

Honduras declared war on Germany on July 19, 1918.

Italy declared war on Austria on May 23, 1915, on Turkey on August 21, 1915, on Bulgaria on October 19, 1915 and on Germany on August 28, 1916.

Japan declared war on Germany on August 23, 1914 and on Austria on August 25, 1914.

Liberia declared war on Germany on August 4, 1917.

Montenegro declared war on Austria on August 5, 1914, on Germany on August 8, 1914 and on Bulgaria on October 15, 1915.

Nicaragua declared war on Germany and Austria on May 8, 1918.

Panama declared war on Germany on April 7, 1917, on Austria on December 10, 1917.

Peru “severed relations” with Germany on October 6, 1917.

Rumania declared war on Austria on August 27, 1916.

Russia declared war on Turkey on November 2, 1914 and on Bulgaria on October 19, 1915. Russia and Germany sign Armistice at Brest-Litovsk (ending two- front war) on November 28, 1917. The November 7, 1918 Bolshevik coup d’état resulted in the demise of the Russian monarchy. British support of the Mensheviks in the Red-White war in 1919 ends with Bolshevism in the ascent.

San Marino declared war on Austria on June 3, 1915.

Serbia declared war against Germany on August 6, 1914 and on Turkey on November 2, 1914.

Siam declared war on Germany and Austria on July 22, 1917.

Turkey declared war on Rumania on August 30, 1916 and “severed relations” with the United States on April 23, 1917. At war’s end Cyprus was annexed by Britain and Arabia, Jordan, and all other Arab countries south of 37E north latitude were granted independence. The wartime Turkish government collapsed.

United States declared itself neutral on Aug 8, 1914 and later declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917 and on Austria on December 7, 1917.

Uruguay “severed relations” with Germany on October 7, 1917. 89

Appendix 2

Canadian Expeditionary Force

Organization of Divisions, Brigades and Battalions forming the Canadian Corps (first Commanding Officers noted in parentheses)

Note: This information can change as new information is added. There are various study groups working actively to update and publish (online) the histories of CEF Infantry Brigades and CEF Battalions.

First Canadian Division 1st Infantry Brigade 1st Battalion (Hill) (Alderson/Arthur Currie) (Malcolm Mercer) 2nd Battalion (Watson) (formed September 1914) 3rd Battalion (Rennie) 4th Battalion (Birchall)

2nd Infantry Brigade 5th Battalion (Tuxford) (Arthur Currie) 6th Battalion48 7th Battalion (Hart-McHarg) 8th Battalion (Lipsett) 10th Battalion (Boyle)

3rd Infantry Brigade 13th Battalion (Loomis) (Richard Turner) 14th Battalion (Meighen) 15th Battalion (John Currie) 16th Battalion (Leckie)

Second Canadian Division 4th Infantry Brigade 18th Battalion (Wigle) (Richard Turner) (Robert Rennie) 19th Battalion (MacLaren) (formed 1915) 20th Battalion (Dennison) 21st Battalion (Hughes49)

5th Infantry Brigade 22nd Battalion (Gaudet) (David Watson) 24th Battalion 25th Battalion 26th Battalion (McAvity)

6th Infantry Brigade 27th Battalion (Snider) (Kitchen) 28th Battalion 29th Battalion (Tobin) 31st Battalion

48 Not put into the field and held back for the formation of a new Brigade and/or to be fed piecemeal into other fighting units as required. It was replaced in the Brigade by the 10th Battalion.

49 Brigadier General William St. Pierre Hughes, brother of Sir Sam Hughes. 90

Third Canadian Division 7th Infantry Brigade Royal Canadian Regiment (Mercer) (A. C. Macdonell) 42nd Battalion (Cantlie) (formed December 24, 1915) 49th Battalion PPCLI

8th Infantry Brigade 1st CMR (Victor Williams) 2nd CMR (Bott) 4th CMR (Chadwicke) 5th CMR (Baker)

9th Infantry Brigade 43rd Battalion (Thomson) (F. W. Hill) 52nd Battalion 58th Battalion 60th Battalion50

Fourth Canadian Division 10th Infantry Brigade 44th Battalion (Watson) (William St. P. Hughes) 46th Battalion (Snell) (formed October 1916) (see FN 48) 47th Battalion (Winsby) 50th Battalion

11th Infantry Brigade 54th Battalion (Davis) (Victor Odlum) 75th Battalion (Beckett) 87th Battalion 102nd Battalion (Warden

12th Infantry Brigade 38th Battalion (Edwards) (J. H. MacBrien) 72nd Battalion (Clark) 73rd Battalion51 (Davidson) 85th Battalion (A. H. Borden)

50 The 60th Battalion was mauled at Vimy (April 1917) and it was withdrawn from the line replaced by the 116th Bn.

51 Here again the effect of Vimy was such that the 73rd Battalion was withdrawn from the line and immediately replaced by the 78th Battalion (Mitchell/Kircaldy). 91

Infantry Battalions

Titles in bold are correct as far as can be determined and most show a geographic linkage. Geographic names in regular print are added to indicate in which province the Battalion had been raised if not clear from the bolded title.

Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry [Raised in Alberta by Captain Andrew Hamilton Gault who offered $100,000 to finance and equip a battalion to fight in the war. The Battalion was authorized on Aug 5, 1914 and embarked for Britain Aug 28, 1914 and fought as part of the British Expeditionary Force at the beginning of its European sojourn. It was assigned to France in Oct 1915 where it was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 7th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought on the Western Front from Jan 6, 1915 until the Armistice when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 1, 1920.]

1st Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles [Authorized Mar 15, 1915 in Brandon, Manitoba and landed in France Sep 22, 1915 but finding horses were a liability in trench warfare, reverted to infantry status as the 1st Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles. It was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 8th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until early 1919 when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Nov 15, 1920.]

2nd Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles [Authorized Mar 15, 1915 and recruited out of the British Columbia Dragoons, landed in France late in 1915 but finding horses were a liability in trench warfare, reverted to infantry status as the 2nd Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles. It was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 8th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until early 1919 when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Nov 15, 1920.]

4th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles [Authorized Mar 15, 1915 and organized at Toronto (2nd Central Ontario Regiment) from various troops and horse units (such as the Governor General’s Body Guard and the Mississauga Horse), landed in France late in 1915 but finding horses were a liability in trench warfare, reverted to infantry status as the 4th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles. It was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 8th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until early 1919 when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Nov 15, 1920.] 92

5th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles [Authorized Mar 15, 1915 from volunteers of the 7th and XIth (Canadian) Hussars in the eastern Townships of Quebec, embarked for Britain early in 1916 but finding horses were a liability in trench warfare, reverted to infantry status as the 5th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles. It was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 8th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until early 1919 when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Nov 15, 1920.]

Royal Canadian Regiment [Originally raised in 1901, mobilized in 1914 and sent to Bermuda Sep 1914 to Aug 1915 when it returned to Halifax and was assigned to France in Oct 1915 where it was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 7th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until early 1919 when it returned to Canada.]

1st (Western Ontario) Battalion [Authorized Sep 2, 1914 and arrived Britain Oct 4, 1914 (45 officers and 1121 men) where it became part of the First Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders throughout the war and returned to Canada Apr 21, 1919. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

2nd Battalion (Eastern Ontario Regiment) [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 and embarked for Britain Sep 22-Oct 3, 1914 where it became part of the First Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders and returned home after the Armistice. Disbanded Apr 24, 1919.]

3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment) [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 and embarked for Britain Sep 25, 1914 (42 officers and 1123 men) where it was placed in the First Canadian Division and fought across France and Flanders and returned to Canada in Apr 1919. Demobilized Apr 23, 1919.]

4th Battalion (Central Ontario) [Authorized Sep 2, 1914 and embarked for Britain on Sep 23, 1914 (44 officers and 1123 men), placed in the First Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders, returning to England Mar 23, 1919 and disembarking for Canada Apr 21, 1919. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920]

5th Battalion (Western Cavalry) [Authorized Aug 10, 1914, raised in Saskatchewan, embarked for Britain Feb 14, 1915, fighting in as part 93

of the First Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the Armistice and return to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

6th Battalion (Manitoba) [Authorized Aug 10, 1914 from the original 12th Manitoba Dragoons as the nucleus of a remount Depot, embarked for Britain Sep 29, 1914 where it was absorbed into the Canadian Cavalry Depot on Mar 29, 1915 to provide reinforcements for fighting units. Disbanded on Apr 5, 1918.]

7th Battalion (1st British Columbia) [Authorized Sep 2, 1914 and arrived in Britain Oct 14, 1914 with 49 officers and 1083 men, sent to France as part of the First Canadian Division where it saw action on the Western Front and returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

8th (90th Rifles) Battalion [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 by the local 90th Winnipeg (“The Little Black Devils”) Battalion of Rifles (which dated from 1883) and was immediately placed into the First Canadian Division where it fought across the Western Front at Ypres, the Somme, Vimy, Passchendaele, Amiens, Arras and Cambrai and returned to Canada at war’s end. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

9th Battalion (Alberta) [Authorized Aug 10, 1914, raised in Alberta and embarked for Britain Oct 1, 1914 where it was redesignated as the 9th Reserve Infantry Battalion on Apr 29, 1915 and used to provide reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in France. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.]

10th Battalion (Calgary) [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 and formed by enlistments from Calgary (103rd Regiment, Calgary Rifles) and Winnipeg (106th Regiment Winnipeg Light Infantry). Embarked towards the end of the year for Britain as part of the later-named First Canadian Division, with which it fought until Nov 11, 1918 and was part of the force which crossed the Rhine in late 1918, returning to Canada in 1919. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

11th Battalion [Authorized Aug 10, 1914 and embarked for Britain Sep 30, 1914 where it was redesignated as the 11th Reserve Infantry Battalion CEF on Apr 29, 1915. On Jan 4, 1917 the 11th Reserve Battalion and the 100th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers) were absorbed by a new 11th Reserve Battalion which was disbanded on Oct 12, 1917.] 94

12th Battalion (New Brunswick) [Authorized Aug 10, 1914, embarked for Britain Sep 30, 1914 and used as reinforcements for the Canadian Corps until reduced and initially dissolved in the summer of 1916 and residual strength absorbed on Jan 4, 1917 into the new 12th Reserve Battalion and officially disbanded Aug 30, 1920]

13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada) [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 and embarked for Britain Sep 26, 1914 where it was incorporated into the First Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders, returning to Canada after the Armistice. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920]

14th Battalion (Royal Montreal Regiment) [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 and embarked for Britain and fought as part the First Canadian Division in France and Flanders until after the Armistice when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

14th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Reserve Battalion [Created in Sep 1916 when the 179th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion was redesignated as the 14th Reserve Battalion.]

15th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 and embarked for Britain Sep 26, 1914 where it was assigned to the First Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders, returning to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion [Authorized Aug 6, 1914 and mustered at Valcartier (Manitoba) Battalion later in the year when it was assigned to the First Canadian Division and embarked for Britain Sep 30, 1914 and transshipped to France where it fought in all the major actions of the Western Front. In 1917 it was redesignated as the 16th (Manitoba) Battalion and as such formed part of the occupation forces in December 1918, returning to Canada in April 1919. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

17th Battalion (Royal Nova Scotia Highlanders) [Dates of authorization and embarkation unknown, but it fought at Vimy and at the Hindenberg Line and returned to Canada at war’s end. Disbandment date unknown.]

18th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain 95

Apr 18, 1915 where it was assigned to the Second Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

19th Battalion (Central Ontario) [Authorized Nov 6, 1914, embarked for Britain May 23, 1915, assigned to Second Canadian Division with which it fought through France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

20th Battalion (Central Ontario) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain May 15, 1915 where it was assigned to the Second Canadian Division and fought through France and Flanders until war’s end. A total of 4,310 officers and men served in the Battalion and 843 (19.6%) were killed in action or died of wounds and a further 91 died of disease. After returning to Canada it was disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

21st Battalion (Eastern Ontario) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914, embarked for Britain May 6, 1915, assigned to the Second Canadian Division and fought through France and Flanders until war’s end. After returning to Canada it was disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

22nd Battalion (Royal 22nd Regiment) [Authorized Oct 14, 1914 following domestic to form a French speaking component of the CEF and embarked for France in Sep 1915 as part of the Second Canadian Division, fighting across France and Flanders and returning to Canada after the Armistice. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

23rd Canadian Reserve Battalion (199th Duchess of Connaught’s Own Irish Canadian Rangers [Authorized as the 23rd Infantry Battalion on Aug 6, 1914 in Quebec City and recruited in that city and across Canada. Embarked for Britain Feb 2, 1915 (35 officers and 942 other ranks) where it was reorganized as the 23rd Reserve Battalion on Apr 23, 1915 and acted as a receiving, training, and distribution centre by the direct receipt of men as well as absorbing other complete battalions. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

24th Battalion (Victoria Rifles) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain May 11, 1915, where it was placed in the Second Canadian Division and fought across France and 96

Flanders until the end of the war when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

25th Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders) [Authorized Mar 15, 1915 and embarked for Britain and France where it formed part of the Second Canadian Division and fought across France and Flanders until war’s end and returned home. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

26th (New Brunswick) Battalion [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain Jun 15, 1915, arriving in France Sep 16, 1915, where it fought as part of the Second Canadian Division across France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded on Aug 30, 1920.]

27th (City of Winnipeg) Battalion [This was the first independent Battalion to be raised in Manitoba during World War I and was authorized Mar 15, 1915. After arrival in France in Sep 1915, it formed part of the Second Canadian Division and fought across France and Flanders, returning to Canada at war’s end. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

28th Battalion (Northwest) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and arrived France Sep 18, 1915, where it was assigned to the Second Canadian Division and fought across France and Flanders until the Armistice, when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.]

29th Battalion (Vancouver) (aka Tobin’s Tigers) [Authorized Oct 24, 1914 and arrived in Britain May 1915 (37 officers and 1,104 men), being sent to France as part of the Second Canadian Division where it saw action on the Western Front until the Armistice when it returned home. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920]

30th Battalion (British Columbia) [Authorized Oct 27, 1914 and embarked for Britain 30th Reserve Battalion Feb 23, 1915 where was redesignated as the 30th Reserve Battalion on Apr18, 1915 and absorbed into the 1st Reserve Battalion.]

31st (Alberta) Battalion [Authorized Mar 15, 1915, embarked for Britain May 17, 1915 (36 officers and 1,033 other ranks) where it was placed in the Second Canadian Division in France and Flanders, returning to Canada on May 27, 1919 and disbanded on Sep 15, 1920. This is one of the few Battalions for which we have details, 97

showing that a total of 4,487 men served in the Battalion over the course of the war and suffered 941 dead and 2,312 non-fatal casualties]

32nd Battalion [Authorized Nov 3, 1914 from the original 12th Manitoba Dragoons (similar to the 6th Battalion) and embarked for Britain Feb 23, 1915 where it was redesignated as the 32nd Reserve Battalion Apr 18, 1915 and absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on Jan 4, 1917 and used to provide reinforcements across the Canadian Corps.]

33rd Battalion [no information available]

34th Battalion [Authorized Nov 7, 1914, embarked for Britain Oct aka 34th Battalion (Boy’s) 23, 1915 where it provided reinforcements for fighting units, reorganized as 34th Battalion (Boy’s) and disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

35th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914, embarked for Britain Oct 16, 1915, where it was redesignated as 35th Reserve Battalion on Feb 9, 1915 until Jan 4, 1917 when its was absorbed into the 4th Reserve Battalion. Disbanded Dec 8, 1917.]

36th Battalion (Hamilton area) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914, embarked for Britain Jun 19, 1915, where it was absorbed into 3rd Reserve Battalion Jan 4, 1917. Disbanded Sep 15, 1917]

37th (Northern Ontario) Battalion [Authorized 1915 and embarked for Britain Nov 1915 — beyond this we have no information.]

38th Battalion (Ottawa) [Authorized July 1, 1915 and embarked for Bermuda Aug 1, 1915 for garrison duty. Embarked for Britain May 30, 1916, and in October 1916 was placed in the 4th Division’s 12th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme and across France and Flanders, returning to Canada at war’s end. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

39th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain Jun 17, 1915 as reinforcements for fighting units until it was absorbed into the 6th Reserve Battalion Jan 4, 1917. Disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

40th Battalion (Halifax Rifles) [Authorized early 1915 when it contributed volunteers to the 14th Battalion (Royal Montreal Regiment) and then went on to establish itself. Beyond this no 98

information is known].

41st Battalion (Le Régiment de Maisonneuve) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain Oct 18, 1915 where it provided reinforcements to fighting Battalions until Jul 13, 1916 when it was absorbed into 69th Battalion. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

42nd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain Jun 10, 1915 and then France (Oct 1915), where it was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 7th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until early 1919 when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920]

43rd (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion [Authorized Dec 18, 1914 and embarked for Britain in May 1915 (39 officers and 1,020 other ranks) where it initially provided reinforcements for the 16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion but rebuilt itself and was assigned to France in Oct 1915 where it was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 9th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

44th (90th Rifles) Battalion [Authorized Jul 1, 1915. Like its sister unit the 8th Battalion, the 44th was authorized Jul 1, 1915 and raised by the local 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles (which dated from 1883) and was and immediately placed into the First Canadian Division. In October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 10th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme, and fought across France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

45th Battalion (Manitoba) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain Apr 1, 1916 where it was absorbed into the 11th Reserve Battalion Jul 7, 1916. Disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

46th Battalion (South Saskatchewan) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914, arrived France Aug 11, 1916 and in October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 10th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme, and across France and Flanders until the Armistice when it returned to Canada. 99

Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.]

47th Battalion (New Westminster BC) [Authorized Jul 1, 1915 and trained in the 104th Westminster Fusiliers Regiment in New Westminster, BC. No information on dates of formation or embarking for Britain, but in October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 10th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme, and across France and Flanders until the Armistice when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

48th Battalion (British Columbia) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and embarked for Britain 3rd Canadian Pioneer Battalion Jul 1, 1915 where it was converted to the 3rd Canadian Pioneer Battalion Jan 6, 1916, sent to France Mar 1916 and fought as part of the Third Canadian Division until Apr 17, 1917 when it was absorbed by the Canadian Corps in the field and effectively ceased to exist. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.]

49th Battalion (Edmonton) [Originally raised as the 4th Battalion PPCLI (The Loyal Edmonton Regiment) on Jul 1, 1915 and was assigned to France in Oct 1915 where it was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 7th Brigade on December 24, 1915. It fought in France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

50th (Calgary) Battalion [Authorized Jul 1, 1915 and specifically raised to serve in the newly forming 4th Canadian Division and embarked for Britain on Oct 27, 1915. In October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 10th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme and across France and Flanders, returning to Canada in 1919. Disbanded August 20, 1920.]

51st Battalion (Alberta) [Like its twin, the 49th Battalion, it had originally been raised as the 4th Battalion PPCLI (The Loyal Edmonton Regiment) on Jul 1, 1915 and also served on the Western Front as part of the PPCLI.]

52nd Battalion (New Ontario) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914 and raised at Port Arthur, embarked for Britain Nov 23, 1915 and was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 9th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.] 100

53rd Battalion (Northern Saskatchewan) [no information available]

54th Battalion (Kootenays) [Authorized Jul 1, 1915 and raised in Fernie, BC. Embarked Nov 22, 1915 for Britain. In October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 11th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme, and fought across France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

55th Battalion (New Brunswick & Prince Edward Island) [Authorized Nov 7, 1914, embarked for Britain Oct 30, 1915 and used to provide reinforcements to the Canadian Corps until Jul 6, 1916 when it was absorbed into the 40th Battalion (Nova Scotia). Disbanded May 21, 1917.]

56th Battalion (Calgary Highlanders) Although details of formation are lacking the Battalion was raised out of the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles) and served on the Western Front.]

57th Battalion (Canadien-Français) [Authorized Apr 20, 1915 and embarked for Britain Jun 2, 1916 where it was absorbed into the 69th Battalion (Canadien-Français). Disbanded Apr 11, 1918.]

58th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Apr 20, 1915 and raised at Niagara-on- the-Lake. Embarked for Britain Nov 22, 1915 and then France where it was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 9th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought in France and Flanders until the Armistice when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

59th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Apr 20, 1915, embarked for Britain Apr 1, 1916, absorbed into the 39th Battalion Jul 6, 1916. Disbanded May 21, 1917.]

60th Battalion (Victoria Rifles of Canada) [Authorized Apr 20, 1915 and embarked for Britain Nov 4, 1915. It was placed in the new 3rd Division’s 9th Brigade on December 24, 1915 and fought across France and Flanders until Apr 30, 1917 when its personnel were absorbed into the 5th Battalion (Canadian Mounted Rifles) and the 87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards). Disbanded Aug 15, 1918.]

61st (90th Rifles) Battalion [Like its sister units the 8th and 44th Battalions, the 101

61st was raised at the outbreak of the war by the local 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles (which dated from 1883) and was and immediately placed into the First Canadian Division where it fought across the Western Front at Ypres, the Somme, Vimy, Passchendaele, Amiens, Arras and Cambrai.]

62nd Battalion (British Columbia) [Authorized Apr 20, 1915 and embarked for Britain on Mar 20, 1916 where it provided reinforcements to other units until Jul 6, 1916 when it was absorbed into the 30th Reserve Battalion.]

63rd Battalion [Like its twins (49th Battalion and 51st Battalion) it had originally been raised as the 4th Battalion PPCLI (The Loyal Edmonton Regiment) just prior to the outbreak of the war and also served on the Western Front.]

64th Battalion (Nova Scotia) [no information available]

65th Battalion (North Saskatchewan) [no information available]

66th Battalion [no information available]

67th Battalion (Western Scots) [Authorized Apr 20, 1915, embarked for Britain Apr 1, 1916 where it was converted to a Pioneer Battalion and redesignated as the 67th Canadian (Pioneer) Battalion on May 15, 1916 and assigned to the Fourth Canadian Division, fighting across France and Flanders until Apr 28, 1917 when it was absorbed into the Canadian Corps in the field and effectively ceased to exist. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.]

68th Battalion (Regina) [Authorized Apr 20, 1915, embarked for Britain Apr 28, 1916 where it provided reinforcements until July 1916 when it was wholly absorbed into the 32nd Reserve Battalion.]

69th French-Canadian Battalion [Authorized Jul 1, 1915 and embarked for Britain April 1916 where it formed part of the new 10th Reserve Battalion. Disbanded Sep 20, 1920.]

70th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Aug 15, 1915 from Essex, Kent, Lambton and Middlesex Counties, embarked for Britain Apr 25, 1916 where it was absorbed into 39th Battalion Jul 7, 1917 and ceased to exist.] 102

71st Battalion (Ontario) [no information available]

72nd Battalion (Seaforth Highlanders, Vancouver) [Authorized Aug 15, 1915 and embarkation details are missing. In October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 12th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme and across France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

73rd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada) [Authorized Jul 10, 1915 and embarked for Britain Mar 31, 1916 where it was incorporated into the Fourth Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders until Apr 9, 1917 when it was withdrawn and broken up to provide reinforcements within the Canadian Corps. Disbanded Apr 19, 1917.]

74th Battalion [no information available]

75th (Mississauga) Battalion [Authorized Jul 1, 1915,embarked for Britain in April 1916, and in October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 11th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme and across France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

76th Battalion [no information available]

77th (Ottawa) Battalion [no information available]

78th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers) [Authorized Jul 10, 1915, embarked for Britain May 20, 1916, disembarked in France on Aug 13, 1916 and in October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 12th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme and across France and Flanders until the end of the war, when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

79th Battalion (Manitoba) [Authorized Jul 10, 1915 and embarked for Britain Apr 24, 1916 where it was absorbed into the 17th Reserve Battalion July 12, 1916. Disbanded Oct 12, 1917.]

80th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Jul 10, 1915 and embarked for Britain May 20, 1916 as reinforcements for fighting units until it was absorbed into the Fourth Canadian Division Sep 30, 1915. Disbanded Jul 17, 1917.] 103

81st Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized in the summer 1915 and embarked for Britain May 1916 where it was absorbed into 35th Battalion July 6, 1916.]

82nd Battalion (Alberta) [Authorized in summer 1915 and raised out of the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles). Embarked May 1916 for Britain where it was absorbed into the 9th Battalion.]

83rd Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada) (Ontario) [Authorization unknown. It was raised in Toronto from members of The Queen’s Own Rifles Militia Regiment and embarked to Britain where it provided its manpower to fighting units.]

84th Battalion [no information available]

85th Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders) [Authorized Sep 14, 1915, details of embarkation unknown, but in October 1916 it was placed in the 4th Division’s 12th Infantry Brigade in time to fight on the Somme and across France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

86th Battalion [no information available]

87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards) [Authorized Sep 1915 and embarked for Britain in April 1916 where it joined the 4th Division’s 11th Infantry Brigade fought across France and Flanders, returning to Canada in June 1919. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

88th Battalion (Victoria Fusiliers) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain May 31, 1916 where it provided a source of reinforcements until absorbed by the 30th Reserve Battalion Jul 19, 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

89th Battalion [no information available]

90th (90th Rifles) Battalion Was the fourth CEF Battalion raised out of the 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles (which dated from 1883) and was and immediately placed into the First Canadian Division where it fought across the Western Front at Ypres, the Somme, Vimy, Passchendaele, Amiens, Arras and Cambrai.] 104

91st Battalion [no information available]

92nd Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Jul 30, 1915 and embarked for Britain May 20, 1916 where it provided operational reinforcements until absorbed into the 5th Reserve Battalion. Disbanded Sep 1, 1917.]

93rd (Peterborough) Battalion [no information available]

94th Battalion (New Ontario) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Jun 28, 1916, absorbed into 17th Reserve Battalion and 32nd Battalion. Disbanded Jul 27, 1918.]

95th Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada) (Ontario) [Authorization unknown. It was raised in Toronto from members of The Queen’s Own Rifles Militia Regiment and embarked to Britain where it provided its manpower to fighting units.]

96th Battalion (North Saskatchewan) [no information available]

97th Battalion (American Legion) [no information available]

98th Battalion (Lincoln and Welland Regiment) [no information available]

99th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain May 31, 1916 where its personnel were absorbed into the 35th Reserve Battalion on Jul 6, 1916 and allocated to fighting battalions. Disbanded Sep 1, 1917.]

100th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Sep 18, 1916 where it provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps until Jan 20, 1917 when its personnel were absorbed by a new 11th Reserve Battalion. Disbanded Sep 1, 1917.]

101st (90th Rifles) Battalion [Was the fifth CEF Battalion raised out of the 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles (which dated from 1883) and was and immediately placed into the First Canadian Division where it fought across the Western Front at Ypres, the Somme, Vimy, Passchendaele, Amiens, Arras and Cambrai.]

102nd Battalion (British Columbia, Duke of Connaught’s Own) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Jun 18, 1916, sent to France Aug 12, 1916 as part of the 4th Division’s 11th Infantry Brigade in time to 105

fight on the Somme and across France and Flanders until the Armistice when it returned home. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.]

103rd Battalion [no information available]

104th Battalion (New Brunswick) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Jun 28, 1916 and used as reinforcements for the Canadian Corps until absorbed into the 105th Battalion (Prince Edward Islander Highlanders). Disbanded Jul 27, 1918.]

105th Battalion (Prince Edward Island Highlanders) [Recruited through the local 82nd (Militia) Regiment based at Charlottetown between September 1915 and March 1916 when a fully trained unit of 37 officers and 1,107 other ranks was sent overseas. The 105th Battalion was not placed in the front lines but was absorbed into the 104th Battalion which was eventually absorbed by the 13th Reserve Battalion and the officers and men were distributed across the CEF’s fighting Battalions.]

106th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles) [Authorized Nov 1915 and embarked for Britain on Jul 16, 1916 where it was absorbed into the 40th Battalion.]

107th (Winnipeg) Battalion [no information available]

108th (Selkirk Manitoba) Battalion [no information available]

109th Battalion (Victoria & Haliburton) [Authorized in early 1916 and embarked for Britain in spring 1916 (1050 officers and men) which were transferred into the 20th, 21st, 28th and 124th Battalions. 109th Bn was effectively disbanded.]

110th (Perth) Battalion [no information available]

111th Battalion (South Waterloo) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Sep 25, 1916, absorbed into 35th Battalion Oct 13, 1916. Disbanded May 21, 1917.]

112th Battalion (Nova Scotia) [no information available]

113th Battalion (Lethbridge Highlanders) [no information available]

114th (Haldimand) Battalion [no information available] 106

115th Battalion (New Brunswick) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Jul 23, 1916 where it provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps until Oct 21, 1916 when it was absorbed into the 112th Battalion (Nova Scotia). Disbanded May 21, 1917.]

116th Battalion (Ontario County) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 but embarkation date for Britain is unknown. There it was placed in the Third Canadian Division and fought in France and Flanders until the Armistice when it returned to Canada. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

117th (Eastern Townships) Battalion [Authorized late 1915 and embarked for Britain Aug 1916 where it was absorbed into the 23rd Reserve Battalion Jan 8, 1917.]

118th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Jan 22, 1917, absorbed into 25th Reserve Battalion Feb 6, 1917, disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

119th (Algoma) Battalion [no information available]

120th (City of Hamilton) Overseas Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Aug 1916, absorbed into 2nd Reserve Battalion Jan 20, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

121st Battalion (Western Irish) [ Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Nov 14, 1916 where it provided reinforcements to other units until Jan 10, 1917 when it was absorbed into the 16th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

122nd (Muskoka) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain June 1917, absorbed into the Canadian Forestry Depot Jun 9, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

123rd Battalion (Royal Grenadiers) (Ontario) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Aug 7, 1916 where it was converted to pioneers and redesignated the 123rd Canadian Pioneer Battalion Jan 17, 1917, sent to France in Mar 1917 where it served as part of the Third Canadian Division fighting on the Western Front until May 25, 1918 when it was absorbed into the 7th, 8th and 9th Canadian Engineer Battalions. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.] 107

124th Battalion (Governor General’s Body Guard) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Aug 7, 1916 where it was redesignated as the 124th Canadian Pioneer Battalion on Jan 17, 1917, sent to France in Mar 1917 where it served as part of the Fourth Canadian Division fighting on the Western Front until May 26, 1918 when it was absorbed into the 10th, 11th and 12th Canadian Engineer Battalions. Disbanded Sep 15, 1920.]

125th Battalion (1st Overseas Battalion of 38th Regiment Dufferin Rifles) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Aug 1916, absorbed into 8th Reserve Battalion Apr 16, 1918 and effectively disbanded.]

126th Battalion (Peel) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Aug 1916, absorbed into 109th and 116th Battalions and the 8th Reserve Battalion Oct 13, 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

127th Battalion (12th York Rangers) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Aug 2nd Battalion Canadian Railway Troops 21, 1916, provided reinforcements to fighting units until Nov 20, 1916 when it was shipped to France and was reorganized as 2nd Battalion Canadian Railway Troops on Feb 3, 1917, fighting as such through France and Flanders until war’s end when it returned to Canada and was disbanded;

128th (Moose Jaw) Battalion [Authorized in 1915 and embarked for Britain in Aug 1916 where it was wholly absorbed into the 15th and 19th Reserve Battalions and effectively disbanded]

129th (Wentworth) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Aug 1916, absorbed into 123rd and 124th Battalions and 12th Reserve Battalion in Oct 1916 and effectively disbanded]

130th (Lanark and Renfrew) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Sep 1916, absorbed into 12th Reserve Battalion Oct 6, 1916 and effectively disbanded]

131st Battalion [no information available]

132nd Battalion (North Shore) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 26, 1916 where it provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps until Jan 28, 1917 when it was absorbed into the 13th Reserve Battalion, disbanded May 21, 1917] 108

133rd Battalion (Norfolk’s Own) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Nov 1916, absorbed into 23rd Reserve Battalion Nov 11, 1916, disbanded Jul 17, 1917]

134th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Aug 8, 1916 providing reinforcements to the Canadian Corps until Mar 7, 1918 when it was absorbed into the 12th Reserve Battalion and disbanded Nov 29, 1918]

135th (Middlesex) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Aug 1916, absorbed into the 116th, 125th and 134th Battalions and 8th Reserve Battalion Oct 1916 and effectively disbanded]

136th (Durham) Battalion [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Sep 25, 1916, absorbed into 39th Reserve Battalion Oct 6, 1916, disbanded May 22, 1917]

137th (Calgary) Battalion [Authorized late in 1915 and embarked for Britain in Aug 1916 where it was absorbed into the 21st Reserve Battalion]

138th Battalion (Edmonton) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Aug 22, 1916 where it was absorbed by the 128th Battalion on Dec 8, 1916 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps, disbanded Aug 30, 1920]

139th (Northumberland) Battalion [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Sep 27, 1916, absorbed into 36th Reserve Battalion Oct 6, 1916, disbanded May 21, 1917]

140th (St. John’s Tigers) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Sep 25, 1916 where, on Nov 2, 1916, its personnel were absorbed by the Depots of the Royal Canadian Regiment and PPCLI, disbanded Jul 27, 1918]

141st Battalion (Rainy River District) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Apr [aka “Border Bull Moose” 29, 1917, absorbed into 18th Reserve Battalion May 7, 1917. Disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

142nd Battalion (London’s Own) [Authorized late 1915 and embarked to Britain Nov 1916 where it was absorbed into the 23rd Reserve Battalion on Nov 11, 1916.]

143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Feb 17, 1917 where it was absorbed into 24th 109

Reserve Battalion and the Canadian Railway Troops Training Depot Mar 15, 1917 to provide reinforcements to the field, disbanded Apr 4, 1918.]

144th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles) [Authorized late 1915 and recruited in Winnipeg, embarked for Britain Sep 1916 where it was absorbed into 18th Reserve Battalion on Jan 12, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

145th (New Brunswick) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Sep 25, 1916 where, on Oct 7, 1916, its personnel were absorbed by the 9th Reserve Battalion and disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

146th Battalion (Kingston) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Sep 1916, absorbed into 95th Battalion and 12th Reserve Battalion Oct 6, 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

147th (Grey) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 5, 1916, absorbed into 8th Reserve Battalion Jan 1, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

148th Battalion (Montreal, Quebec) [Authorized late 1915 and embarked for Britain Sep 1916 where it was absorbed into the 20th Reserve Battalion Jan 8, 1917.]

149th Battalion (Lambtons) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Mar 1917, absorbed into 4th and 25th Reserve Battalions Apr 8, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

150th Battalion (Carabiniers Mont-Royal) [Authorized late 1915 and embarked for Britain Sep 1916 where it was absorbed into the 14th, 22nd, 24th and 87th Battalions and the 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles.]

151st (Central Alberta) Battalion [Authorized late 1915 to begin recruitment in Strathcona, Battle River and Red Deer, embarked for Britain in Oct 1916 where it was absorbed into the 9th, 11th and 21st Reserve Battalions on Oct 13, 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

152nd (Weyburn-Estevan) Battalion [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Oct 3, 1916 where it was absorbed into the 32nd Reserve Battalion in July 1916 and disbanded May 21, 1917.] 110

153rd (Wellington) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Apr 1917, absorbed into the 4th and 25th Reserve Battalions and effectively disbanded.]

154th (Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 1916, absorbed into 6th Reserve Jan 31, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

155th Quinte Battalion [Authorized Dec 22, 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 17, 1916 as reinforcements for fighting units until it was absorbed into the 154th (Stormont-Dundas- Glengarry) and 6th Reserve Battalions Dec 8, 1916. Disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

156th (Leeds and Grenville) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 1916, absorbed into 2nd, 21st and 38th Battalions, officially ceased to exist Feb 15, 1918.]

157th Battalion (Simcoe Forresters) [Authorized Nov 30, 1915, initially to participate in the construction of Camp Borden (which would eventually house 36 CEF battalions), and embarked for Britain Oct 1916 where it was absorbed into 1st, 19th 116th and 125th Battalions and 8th Reserve Battalion. Disbanded effective Oct 10, 1919.]

158th Battalion (The Duke of Connaught’s Own) [Authorized Dec 22 1915 and embarked for Britain Nov 14, 1916 where it provided reinforcements to other units until Jan 4, 1917 when it was absorbed into the 1st Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

159th Battalion (1st Algonquins) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Nov 1916, absorbed into 8th Reserve Battalion Jan 20, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

160th Battalion (Bruce) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 1916, absorbed into 4th Reserve Battalion Feb 15, 1918 and effectively disbanded.]

161st (Huron) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Nov 1916, absorbed into 4th Reserve Battalion Feb 15, 1918 and effectively disbanded.]

162nd (Parry Sound) Battalion [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Nov 1916, absorbed into 3rd and 4th Reserve Battalions Jan 4, 1917 and effectively disbanded. 111

163rd Battalion (French Canadian) [Authorized late 1915 and embarked for Bermuda May 1916 where it remained until Nov 1916 when it carried on to Britain where it was absorbed into the 10th Reserve Battalion Jan 8, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

164th Battalion (Halton and Dufferin) [Authorized late 1915, embarked for Britain Apr 1917 where it was reinforced with drafts from 205th (Tiger) Battalion (from Hamilton) and drafts from the 2nd, 5th and 12th Reserve Battalions and then assigned to the Fifth Canadian Division which was never finalized, at which point the 164th was broken up for reinforcements for the 102nd and 116th Battalions and 8th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

165th (Acadiens) [Authorized Dec 22, 1915 and embarked for Britain Mar 28, 1917 where, on Apr 7, 1917, its personnel were absorbed into the 13th Reserve Battalion. Disbanded Apr 4, 1918.]

166th Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada) (Ontario) [Authorized during winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain Oct 1916, absorbed into 12th Reserve Battalion Jan 8, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

167th (Canadien-Français) Battalion [Authorized during winter 1915-16 and on Jan 15, 1917 it became the Quebec Recruiting Depot.]

168th Battalion (Oxfords) [Authorized winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain Nov 1916 where it was absorbed into the 4th and 6th Reserve Battalion.]

169th Battalion (109th Regiment) [Authorized winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain Oct 1916, absorbed into 5th Reserve Battalion Jan 24, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

170th Battalion (Mississauga Horse) [Authorized Jul 15, 1916 and embarked for Britain Oct 25, 1916 where it was absorbed by the 169th Battalion (109th Regiment), disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

171st Battalion (Quebec Rifles) [Authorized late 1915 and embarked for Britain Nov 1916 where it was absorbed by the 148th Battalion, 5th Pioneers and 20th Reserve Battalion in Dec 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

172nd Battalion [no information available] 112

173th Battalion (Canadian Highlanders) [Authorized winter 1915-16 in the Hamilton area, embarked for Britain Nov 1916, absorbed by 2nd Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

174th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion [Authorized Jan 12, 1916 and based in Winnipeg to recruit there and across Manitoba, northern Saskatchewan and Alberta. Immediate action to form was deferred until after that of the 179th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion. The 174th Battalion embarked for Britain in April 1916, arriving May 7, 1916 where it was absorbed into the 14th Reserve Battalion and used as reinforcements for the Canadian Corps and effectively disbanded.]

175th (Medicine Hat) Battalion [Authorized during winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain in Oct 1916 where it was absorbed into the 21st Reserve Battalion on Jan 10, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

176th Battalion (Lincoln and Welland Regiment) aka 176th Battalion (Niagara Rangers) [Authorized winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain Apr 1917, absorbed into 12th Reserve Battalion May 7, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

177th Battalion (Simcoe Foresters) [Authorized winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain May 1917, absorbed into 3rd Reserve Battalion May 14, 1917 and was effectively disbanded.]

178th (Canadien-Français) Battalion [Authorized during winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain Mar 1917 where it was absorbed into the 10th Reserve Battalion Mar 15, 1917.]

179th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion [Authorized Jan 12, 1916 and embarked for Britain Sep 26, 1916 where it was redesignated as the 14th Reserve Battalion and used to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps.]

180th Battalion (Sportsmen) [Authorized in Toronto winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain Nov 1916, absorbed into 3rd Reserve Battalion Jan 6, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

181st Battalion (Brandon) [Authorized Jul 15, 1916 and embarked for Britain Apr 18, 1917 where it was absorbed into the 18th Reserve Battalion on Apr 30, 1917, disbanded Jul 17, 1917.] 113

182nd Battalion (Ontario County) [Authorized winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain May 1917, absorbed into 18th Reserve Battalion May 14, 1917and effectively disbanded.]

183rd (Manitoba Beavers) Battalion [Authorized winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain Oct 1916 where it was broken up to reinforce the 100th, 107th, 108th and 144th Battalions and effectively disbanded.]

184th Battalion [Authorized winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain Nov 1916 where it was absorbed into the 11th (Reserve) Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

185th Battalion (Cape Breton Highlanders) [Authorized during winter 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 1916 where it was absorbed into the 17th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

186th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized Jul 5, 1916 and embarked for Britain Mar 28, 1917 where its personnel were absorbed into the 4th Reserve Battalion. Disbanded Sep 15, 1917.]

187th (Central Alberta) Battalion [Began recruiting in the Red Deer area during winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain in Dec 1916 where it was absorbed into the 21st Reserve Battalion on Feb 20, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion [Raised in the winter 1915-16 and embarked to Britain in Oct 1916 where it was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on Jan 4, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

189th (Canadien-Français) Battalion [Authorized during winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain Sep 1916 where it was absorbed into the 69th Overseas Battalion on Oct 6, 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

190th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles) [Authorized winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain May 1917 where it was absorbed into the 18th (Reserve) Battalion on May 14, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

191st (Southern Alberta) Battalion [Began recruiting in the Macleod area during the winter of 1915-16, embarked for Britain in March 1917 where it was absorbed into the 21st Reserve Battalion on Jun 9, 1917 and effectively disbanded.] 114

192nd (Crow’s Nest Pass) Battalion [Began recruiting in the Blairmore area during the winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain during November 1916 where it was absorbed into 9th Reserve Battalion on Nov 11, 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

193rd Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders) [Authorized winter 1915, embarked for Britain Oct 1916 where it was absorbed into the 17th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

194th Battalion (Edmonton Highlanders) [Began recruiting in the Edmonton area during the winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain Nov 1916 where it was absorbed into 9th Reserve Battalion on Jan 21, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

195th (City of Regina) Battalion [Unknown date of authorization but the Battalion embarked for Britain in mid 1916 and was absorbed into the 32nd Reserve Battalion in July 1916 and effectively disbanded]

196th Battalion (Western Universities) [Authorized winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain Nov 1916 where it was absorbed into the 19th (Reserve) Battalion on Jan 2, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

197th Battalion (Vikings of Canada) [Authorized winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain Jan 1917 where it was absorbed into the 11th (Reserve) Battalion on Feb 6, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

198th Battalion (Canadian Buffs) (Ontario) [Authorized winter 1915-16, embarked for Britain Mar 1917, absorbed into 3rd Reserve Battalion Mar 9, 1918 and effectively disbanded.]

199th (Duchess of Connaught’s Own Irish Rangers) [Authorized winter 1915-16 in Montreal and embarked for Britain Dec 1916 where it was absorbed into the 23rd Reserve Battalion May 11, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

200th (Winnipeg) Battalion [Authorized winter 1915-16 and embarked for Britain May 1917 where it was absorbed into the 11th (Reserve) Battalion on May 14, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

201st Battalion (Toronto Light Infantry) [Authorized winter 1915-16 but was disbanded while 115

still in Canada and its manpower transferred to the 170th (Mississauga Horse) Battalion and 198th (Canadian Buffs) Battalion in Sep 1916 and effectively disbanded.]

202nd Battalion (Sportsmans) [Authorized Jul 15, 1916, raised in Alberta and embarked for Britain Nov 23, 1916 where its personnel were absorbed by the 9th Reserve Battalion on May 27, 1917 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps. Disbanded Feb 18, 1918]

203rd Battalion [no information available]

204th Battalion (Beavers) (Ontario) [Authorized Jul 15, 1916 and embarked for Britain Mar 28, 1917 where it was absorbed by the 2nd Reserve Battalion, disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

205th (Tiger) Battalion [Authorized late 1915 as a machine gun battalion aka 205th (Sportsmen’s) Battalion but it was broken up for drafts to strengthen other units and remained only as the 205th Machine Gun School.]

206th (Canadien-Français) Battalion [Authorized Jul 15, 1916 and sent two reinforcing drafts to Bermuda, on Aug 17, 1916 the Battalion was absorbed into the 167th Battalion in Canada, disbanded Aug 1, 1918.]

207th (Ottawa-Carleton) Battalion [Authorized Feb 1916, embarked for Britain Jun 2, 1917, absorbed into 7th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

208th Battalion (Canadian Irish) [Authorized winter 1915-16 in Toronto area, embarked for Britain May 1917, absorbed into the 2nd and 8th Reserve Battalions Jan 3, 1918 and effectively disbanded.]

209th (Swift Current) Battalion [Raised in early 1916 and embarked for Britain in Nov 1916 where it was absorbed into the 9th Reserve Battalion on Jan 4, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

210th (Frontiersmen) Battalion [Raised in early 1916 and embarked for Britain in Apr 1917 where it was absorbed into the 19th Reserve Battalion on Apr 22, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

211th Battalion (American Legion) [Authorized early 1916 to be based in Vancouver, British Columbia and raised across that province 116

and Alberta and embarked for Britain Dec 1916 where it was transferred into the Canadian Railway Troops in March 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

212th Battalion (American Legion) [Authorized early 1916 to be based in Winnipeg, Manitoba and raised across the province, but was disbanded while still in Canada and absorbed into the 97th Battalion (American Legion) and effectively disbanded.]

213th Battalion (American Legion) [Authorized early 1916 to be based in Toronto, Ontario and raised from Military Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, embarked for Britain Jan 1917 where it was absorbed into 4th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

214th (Saskatchewan) Battalion [Raised early 1916 in the districts of Mackenzie and Humboldt and embarked for Britain Apr 1917 where it was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on Apr 29, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

215th Battalion (2nd Overseas Battalion of 38th Regiment Dufferin Rifles) [Raised early 1916 in Brantford area, embarked for Britain Apr 1917, absorbed into 2nd Reserve Battalion May 7, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

216th Battalion (Bantams) [Raised early 1916 in Toronto area, embarked for Britain Apr 1917, absorbed into 3rd Reserve Battalion Apr 29, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

217th (Qu’Appelle) Battalion [Raised in early 1916 throughout the district and embarked for Britain June 1917 where it was absorbed into the 19th Reserve Battalion on Jun 9, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

218th (Edmonton) Battalion [Began recruiting in the Edmonton area in early1916, embarked for Britain in February 1917 and in Mar 1917 was transferred to the Canadian Railway Troops and effectively disbanded.]

219th Highland Battalion (Nova Scotia) [Authorized early 1916 and embarked for Britain Oct 13, 1916 where it was absorbed into the 17th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

220th Battalion (12th Regiment York Rangers) [Authorized Jul 15, 1916, embarked for Britain Jan 26, 1917, absorbed into 3rd Reserve Battalion May 7, 1917, disbanded Sep 1, 1917.] 117

221st Battalion [Authorized in early 1916 and embarked for Britain April 1917 where it was absorbed into the 11th (Reserve) Battalion on Apr 29, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

222nd Battalion [Authorized early 1916 and embarked for Britain Nov 1916 where it was absorbed into the 19th (Reserve) Battalion on Jan 2, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

223rd Battalion (Canadian Scandinavians) [Authorized early 1916 and embarked for Britain May 1917 where it was absorbed into the 11th (Reserve) Battalion on May 14, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

224th Battalion (Ottawa) [Authorized early 1916 in Ottawa area, embarked for 224th Forestry Battalion Britain May 1916 where it was reformed as 224th Forestry Battalion. No further information.]

225th Battalion [no information available]

226th Battalion (Men of the North) [Authorized March 1916 to recruit in Dauphin and Minnedosa area and embarked for Britain Dec 1916 where it was absorbed into the 14th (Reserve) Battalion on Apr 7, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

227th (Sudbury-Manitoulin-Algoma) Battalion (Men o’ the North) [Authorized early 1916, embarked for Britain Apr 1917, absorbed into 8th Reserve Battalion Apr 22, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

228th Battalion (North Fusiliers) [Authorized early 1916 at North Bay, embarked for Britain Dec 1916, and converted to 6th Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops, ceasing to exist as the 228th Battalion.]

229th (South Saskatchewan) Battalion [Raised in early 1916 in south Saskatchewan and embarked for Britain in Apr 1917 where it was absorbed into the 19th Reserve Battalion on May 10, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

230th Battalion (Voltigeurs Canadiens-Français) 230th Forestry Battalion [Authorized early in 1916 in eastern Ontario and area, becoming the 230th Forestry Battalion in Oct 1916, sending six drafts overseas in 1917, disbanded in 1918.]

231st Battalion [no information available] 118

232nd (Saskatchewan) Battalion [Raised in early 1916 in North Battleford and surrounding district and embarked for Britain in Apr 1917 where it was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on Jun 9, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

233rd Battalion (Canadiens-Français du Nord-Ouest) [Began recruiting in the Edmonton and western area of Canada in early 1916 and in March 1917 it was absorbed into the 178th Battalion (Canadiens- Français) and effectively disbanded.]

234th Battalion (Peel) [Authorized Spring 1916, embarked for Britain Apr 1917, absorbed into 12th Reserve Battalion Apr 29, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

235th Battalion [Authorized Spring 1916 in Northumberland and Durham counties,, embarked for Britain May 1917, absorbed into 3rd Reserve Battalion May 14, 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

236th (New Brunswick Kilties) [Authorized Jul 15, 1916 and embarked for Britain Oct 30-Nov 9, 1917 where it provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps until absorbed into the 20th Reserve Battalion on Mar 13, 1918. Disbanded Aug 30, 1920.]

237th Battalion (American Legion) [Authorized spring 1916 to be based in Sussex, New Brunswick and raised from Military Districts 5, 4, 6 and 7, disbanded while still in Canada and absorbed into 97th Battalion.(American Legion) and effectively disbanded.]

238th Battalion [Authorized spring 1916 to recruit throughout Ontario and western provinces, embarked for Britain Sep 1916, integrated into the Canadian Forestry Corps and its 14th Company and effectively disbanded.]

239th Battalion [Authorized spring 1916 and embarked for Britain Dec 1916 where it was absorbed into the Canadian Railway Construction Corps and became the 3rd Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops and effectively disbanded.]

240th Battalion [Authorized spring 1916 in the Lanark, Renfrew and Frontenac counties, embarked for Britain May 1917, absorbed into 156th (Leeds and Grenville) Battalion and the 6th and 7th Reserve Battalions in June 1917 119

and effectively disbanded.]

241st Battalion (Canadian Scottish Borderers) [Authorized spring 1916, based in Windsor and raised its cadre from Essex County, embarked for Britain May 1917 where it was absorbed into the 5th and 12th Reserve Battalions in June 1917 and effectively disbanded.]

242nd Battalion (Montreal, Quebec) [Authorized mid 1916 and was absorbed into the Canadian Forestry Corps while still in Canada and effectively disbanded.]

243rd Battalion (Saskatchewan) [Raised in early 1916 in Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Yorkton and North Battleford and embarked for Britain in Jun 1917 where it was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on arrival and effectively disbanded.]

244th Battalion (Kitchener’s Own) [Authorized Jul 17, 1917 and embarked for Britain Mar 28, 1917 where it was absorbed into the 23rd Reserve Battalion, disbanded Jul 17, 1917.]

245th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards) [Authorized Spring 1916 and embarked for Britain May 1917 where it was immediately absorbed into the 23rd Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

246th (Nova Scotia Highlanders) Battalion [Authorized summer 1916 and embarked Apr-Jun 1916 for Britain where it was absorbed into the 17th Reserve Battalion and effectively disbanded.]

247th Battalion (Victoria & Haliburton) [Authorized summer 1916 in Peterborough, West Hastings and Gaven townships but absorbed into the 235th Battalion in Canada and effectively disbanded.]

248th Battalion [Authorized late summer 1916 in and Grey County, embarked for Britain Jun 1917 where it was absorbed into 7th and 8th Reserve Battalions on arrival and effectively disbanded.]

249th (Saskatchewan) Battalion [Raised in the fall of 1916 throughout the province and embarked for Britain in Mar 1918 where it was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on arrival and effectively disbanded.] 120

250th (Winnipeg) Battalion [Authorized in the fall 1916 and was absorbed into the 249th Battalion while still in Canada and effectively disbanded.]

251st Battalion (Good Fellows) [Authorized autumn 1916 and recruited in Winnipeg and surrounding area and was “partially absorbed” into the 18th (Reserve) Battalion and the 1st Depot Battalion Manitoba Regiment.]

252nd Battalion (Lindsay) [Authorized autumn 1917 in Victoria and Haliburton, embarked for Britain Jun 1917 and absorbed into the 6th Reserve Battalion on arrival and effectively disbanded.]

253rd (Queen’s University) Highland Battalion [Authorized May 1, 1917, embarked for Britain Apr 29, 1917, absorbed into the 5th Reserve Battalion May 18, 1917, disbanded Dec 8, 1917.]

254th Battalion (Quinte’s Own) Battalion [Authorized May 1, 1917, embarked for Britain Jun 2, 1917, absorbed into 6th Reserve Battalion Jun 10, 1917, disbanded Sep 15, 1917.]

255th Battalion (Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada) [Authorized late 1916, embarked for Britain Jun 1917, absorbed into 12th Reserve Battalion on arrival and effectively disbanded.]

256th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized late 1916 in Toronto, later became 10th Battalion Canadian Railway Troops, does not appear to have left Canada.]

257th Battalion (Ontario) [Authorized late 1916 in Ottawa, later became 7th Battalion Canadian Railway Troops, does not appear to have left Canada.]

258th (Canadien-Français) Battalion [Authorized Spring 1917 and embarked for Britain Oct 1917 where it was immediately absorbed into the 10th Reserve Battalion.]

259th Battalion (Canadian Rifles, Siberia) (Three Rivers Regiment) [No clear information is available about this unit which was raised by conscripted French Canadians and intended to fight in Siberia. The unit mutinied and the end result appears to have been that the Battalion was closed.] 121

260th Battalion(Canadian Rifles, Siberia) (Alberta) [like its sister unit, the 259th Battalion (Canadian Rifles, Siberia) no clear information is available about this unit which was raised in Alberta and intended to fight in Siberia.] 122 123

Appendix 3

Canadian World War I Victoria Cross Recipients

Since its creation soon after the Crimean War and 1993 (when the Canadian VC was instituted), 94 Victoria Crosses have been awarded to Canadians. Of this number, 73 (including entry #41, McBeath although he only came to Canada after the war) were awarded to Canadians for gallant action during World War I and, of these, thirteen were Freemasons. Freemasons’ names are bolded and specific information on their masonic activities are depicted in italics. The first line of each entry gives name, date of action and the location of the action for the VC award. An asterisk is used to indicate the award of one or two bars to the medal: one bar meaning the recipient had performed in a manner justifying a second issue of the medal, two bars meaning a third issue.

1. Wallace Lloyd ALGIE VC 1918 Cambrai, France [RN 916711. 20th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B Jun 10, 1891 at Alton, ON. Attended local schools and later graduated from RMC, Kingston. He served as a Lieutenant for 2 months in The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada and four months in the 49th Regiment. On Apr 19, 1916, he signed an Officer’s declaration paper to serve overseas in the CEF, joining the 20th Battalion (Central Ontario) and fighting in France. Lieutenant Algie led a small force to capture the village of Iwuy, NE of Cambrai on Oct 11, 1918. This was an area the Germans had fortified and Algie skirted the main area, captured two machine-guns, moved them through a cemetery and turned them on the Germans. Having cleared the area of the enemy, Algie returned to the main Canadian forces to lead reinforcements to Iwuy but he was killed. D Oct 11, 1918 and is buried in the Niagara Cemetery, near Cambrai. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

2. William George BARKER VC 1918 Foret de Mormal, France [RN 106074. No. 201 Sqn RAF. Manitoba. VC, DSO*, MC**] B Nov 3, 1894 at Dauphin, MB where he grew up learning his skills, including rifle shooting from horseback. He was a member of the 32nd Light Horse, a nonpermanent Active Militia unit based at Roblin while he was Dauphin Collegiate, from which he graduated. Enlisting in the 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles, he went overseas in early 1915 as a machine gunner. He transferred to the RFC as an Observer and was commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant. He trained as a pilot in November 1916, joined 15 Sqn RAF in France as a flight commander, later served as flight commander in 28 Sqn RAF and in Jul 1918 was promoted to Major and given command of 139 Sqn RAF. He was later being promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel commanding 201 Sqn RAF. Flying the new on Oct 27, 1918 he flew across the lines and in an action was shot down with numerous injuries. He survived and in the post war period in Canada, he and “Billy” Bishop set up a small airline passenger company. When it failed he rejoined the RCAF as the first Director. D Mar 1, 1930 in a flying accident at Rockcliffe (Ottawa) and buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

3. Colin Fraser BARRON VC 1917 Vine Cottage, Passchedaele, [RN 404017. 3rd Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] Belgium B Sep 20, 1893 at Baldavie, Boyndie, Banffshire, Scotland. He moved to Canada in 1910 and became a railway worker in Toronto. At the outbreak of war he enlisted in the 3rd 124

Battalion (Toronto Regiment). At the end of the (Oct. 26 - Nov. 6, 1917), only one pocket of resistance prevented the complete Canadian occupation of the Belgian village. This pocket held several machine guns mounted in a pillbox, located in a burned out farmhouse called Vine Cottage. Corporal Barron attacked, throwing several mills bombs, putting the machine-gun out of action and taking the surviving Germans prisoner. By the end of the war he had been promoted to Sergeant-Major. We have no information of his life between 1918 and 1939, but at the outbreak of WWII, he enlisted in the Royal Regiment of Canada and served in Iceland and England. Following discharge in 1945 he was employed at the Don Street Jail, Toronto. D Aug 15, 1959 in Toronto and is buried in Prospect Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) He was a member of St. Andrew Lodge, No. 52 SC, Banff, Scotland and was Initiated Mar 21, 1918, Passed Jan 20, 1919 and Raised Feb 3, 1919. There is no indication that he affiliated with a Masonic Lodge in Canada. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

4. Edward Donald BELLEW VC Apr 1915 Kerselaere, Belgium [No RN. 7th Bn CEF. British Columbia. VC] B Oct 28, 1882 at Bombay, India. He was educated in the UK and graduated from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, as an engineer (he had also been a College boxing champion). Joined 18th Royal Irish Regiment on graduation but later removed to BC where he became a harbour engineer in New Westminster. In 1914 he enlisted in the 7th Battalion (British Columbia Regiment) CEF and was commissioned as a Lieutenant. In April 1915 (what has become known as the Second Battle of Ypres) his unit fought to hold their position in spite of great odds. Captain Bellew was in command of the battalion machine gun and the last survivor, being captured after ammunition had run out. He was released in 1919 and returned to BC where he worked for the government as a marine inspector (dredging). D Feb 1, 1961, Vancouver, BC. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF.)

5. Phillip Eric BENT VC Oct 1917 Polygon Wood, Belgium [No Canadian RN. The Leicestershire Regiment. Nova Scotia. VC, DSO] B Jan 3, 1891 at Halifax, NS. He accompanied his family to England and attended Ashby- de-la-Zouche grammar school. In 1907 he joined the HMS Conway as a cadet and went to sea. He was taking his Merchant Navy officer’s tickets at the outbreak of war. On Oct 2, 1914 he enlisted in the Royal Scots and later transferred to The Leicestershire Regiment where he received a commission. The Regiment’s 9th Battalion, under the command of Lt.-Col. Phillip Eric Bent, was commanded to attack and capture Polygon Wood on Oct 1, 1917, as a preliminary movement to the major attack on Passchendaele. Reversing a heavy German attack he led his men from “in front” in a counter-attack and died from wounds received. D Oct 1916, Polygon Wood and has no known grave. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

6. William Avery BISHOP VC 1917 Cambrai, France [No RN. No. 60 Sqn RAF. Ontario. VC, CB, DSO*, MC, DFC, ED] B Feb 8, 1894 at Owen Sound, ON and graduated from Owen Sound Collegiate and RMC Kingston. At the outbreak of war he was commissioned into the Mississauga Horse Regiment of the 2nd Canadian Division but was unable to sail with the regiment due to pneumonia. After recovering he transferred to the 8th Canadian Mounted Rifles and soon 125

after arrival in England transferred to the RFC, being accepted as an “Observer.” He was posted to 21 Sqn at Netheravon, Wiltshire, posted to France in January 1916 and invalided to England with a knee injury. After training as a pilot, he was posted to 37 Home Defence Sqn at Sutton Farm, Essex and on Mar 17, 1917, he was posted to 60 Sq, then in France, where he scored his first victory in the air. For the next 18 months his score rose and he received the MC, DSO, and VC with an official tally of 72 “kills.” His VC was specifically awarded for an attack on an enemy airdrome on Jun 2, 1917, where he shot down three aircraft which were taking off to attack him, and for his destruction, in the same attack, of several aircraft which were on the ground. In the post war period in Canada, George Barker and “Billy” Bishop set up a small airline passenger company. When it failed he rejoined the RCAF and during WWII he became Director of Recruiting and was promoted to Air Marshal. D Sep 11, 1956 in Palm Beach, FL and is buried in Toronto. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

7. Rowland Richard Louis BOURKE VC 1918 Ostend, Belgium [No Canadian RN. RNVR. British Columbia. VC, DSO] B Nov 28, 1885 in London, England. He came to Canada in 1902 and acquired a fruit farm at Crescent Bay, BC. Rejected by all military branches because of defective eyesight he sailed to England and joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. With the German submarine force increasing the loss of shipping, the Admiralty designed a plan to put the canals between Bruges and Ostend and Bruges and Zeebrugge out of action to prevent 30 submarines from having a comfortable inland base. A major raid in April 1918, involving about 1,600 men, was planned and put into effect. Bourke was given command of the launch ML276 and during the attack on Ostend he rescued survivors of ML532 and the cruiser HMS Brilliant, for which he was awarded the DSO. In a second raid on May 9, Bourke’s ML276 was assigned as a standby launch for the operation. In the attack, the cruiser HMS Vindictive, designed to blow up in the mouth of the Ostend canal, sank under fire at an angle which was less than ideal, but was adequate. Bourke and ML276 rescued survivors while under fire and return twice under German fire to rescue seamen. For his actions he was awarded the VC and promoted to Lieutenant-Commander. He was demobilized in 1920 and returned to his fruit farm in BC. By 1930, with failing eyesight, he sold his farm and moved to Victoria as a civilian clerk in the navy dockyard at Esquimault. Later he organized the Fisherman’s Reserve in Vancouver. During WWII he joined the RCNVR and was given administrative duties, returning to Esquimault after the war. D Aug 29, 1958 and is Buried in Royal Oak Burial Park, Victoria, BC. (Sources: Wikipedia.)

8. Alexander Picton BRERETON 1918 Amiens, France [RN 830651. 8th Bn CEF. Manitoba. VC] B Nov 13, 1892, Oak River, MB and later removed to work on a farm in Alberta. On Jan 31, 1916, in Winnipeg, he enlisted in the 8th (90th Rifles) Battalion (the Little Black Devils). The Battalion was assigned to France where he was promoted to become Company Quarter-Master Sergeant. During the , on Aug 9, 1918, his platoon was caught in open country and his immediate response was to charge the closest German machine-gun post. A number of Germans immediately surrendered and his unit was able to carry on its intended assignment. After the war he acquired a farm at Elnora, Alberta, where he and wife raised a son and daughter and the family later removed to Trochu where a daughter was born. He re-enlisted in World War II and served as Company Quartermaster-Sergeant at Red Deer. He was active in the Royal Canadian 126

Legion and attended two gatherings of VC recipients in London where he met the Prince of Wales (1929) and later he was presented to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth during their 1939 Royal Tour. In the post WWII years the family moved to Bashaw and Red Deer. D Jun 11, 1976 at Golden Hills Lodge, Three Hills, Alberta and was buried at Elnora Cemetery, Elnora, AB. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) Alexander Picton Brereton joined St. Andrews Lodge, No. 66 GRA, Trochu, AB and was Initiated Feb 9, 1933, Passed Mar 9, 1933 and Raised Apr 13, 1933. He was suspended NPD Dec 31, 1937 and reinstated Mar 8, 1945. In 1945, while residing in Bashaw, he demitted from St. Andrews (May 26, 1945) and affiliated with Fidelity Lodge, No. 76 GRA, Bashaw, Jun 12, 1945. He demitted from Fidelity Lodge Nov 14, 1950 when the family moved to Red Deer. There is no indication that he joined any other Lodge. (Sources: Grand Lodge of Alberta via R.W.Bro. George Tapley.)

9. Jean Baptiste Arthur (John) BRILLANT VC Aug 1918 Meharicourt, France [No RN. 22nd Bn CEF. Quebec. VC, MC] B Mar 15, 1890 at Assametquaghan, QC and graduated from St. Joseph’s University, Memramcook, NB. On graduation he took employment as a telegraph operator and also joined the 89th (Temiscouta and Rimouski) Militia Regiment, where he served as a Lieutenant. On Sep 20, 1916, he enlisted into CEF, retaining his rank as Lieutenant, and was embarked to England where he was assigned to the 69th French-Canadian Battalion. In October 1916 he arrived in France and joined the 22e Bn (Canadien Français) at Bully- Grenay and earned the MC during an action in May 1918. At the opening of the Battle for Amiens (Aug 1918) his unit was held up by a German machine-gun at Meharicourt. He raced to the site and captured the gun and killed two of the gunners. Organizing his platoons he attacked and captured 150 Germans and 15 machine-guns. He later attacked a field gun which was firing at his men. In the fighting he was badly wounded and succumbed. D Aug 10, 1918 and is buried in the Villiers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

10. Harry W. BROWN VC Aug 1917 Loos, France [RN 226353. 10th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B May 11, 1898 at Gananoque, ON. He left school at the age of 12 to work on his widowed mother’s farm in East Emily Township and in 1916 took a job in a London, Ontario munitions factory. He enlisted into the Depot Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles at London on Aug 18, 1916. During the , Battle of Lens, he acted as a runner after communication wires had been cut. His actions saved three battalions from decimation but he received wounds from which he did not recover. D Aug 17, 1917 and is buried in Noeux-les-Mines Communal Cemetery, near Bethune, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

11. Hugh CAIRNS VC Nov 1918 , France [RN 472168. 46th Bn CEF. Saskatchewan. VC, DCM] B Dec 4, 1896 at Ashington, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Nothumberland, England. He moved with his parents to Saskatoon in 1911 where he apprenticed as a plumber. With the outbreak of war he enlisted in the 65th Battalion (North Saskatchewan) with his older brother 127

Albert52, both proceeding overseas and later transferring to the 46th Battalion (South Saskatchewan). Hugh fought at Vimy Ridge in Apr 1917 where he won the DCM and was wounded. On Nov 1, 1918 Hugh was fighting around Valenciennes and his unit came under fire from one machine-gun. He grabbed a Lewis gun and attacked the German position, killing the crew and capturing the machine-gun. Later in the action when his unit became bogged down, he again advanced at the run and killed and capture the enemy. His last action was to enter the town of Marly with two other infantrymen where they took the surrender of about 60 Germans. A melee broke out and Hugh Cairns was shot in the process of moving the prisoners to the regiment. For his actions he was awarded the VC. D Nov 2, 1918 and is buried in Auberchicourt British Cemetery, east of Douai, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

12. Frederick William CAMPBELL VC Jun 1915 Givenchy, France [No RN. 1st Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B Jun 15, 1869 at Mount Forest, ON. In 1899 he had enlisted in 2nd Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry and fought in South Africa, earning Johannesburg, Paardeberg, Driefontain and Cape Colony clasps on The Queen’s Medal. He returned home as a Sergeant and returned to farming and joining the 30th Battn Wellington Rifles (Militia). On Sep 23, 1914 he enlisted at Valcartier, Quebec, was commissioned as a Captain and assigned to the 1st (Western Ontario) Battalion and deployed to Britain. Appointed officer-in-charge of a machine gun section, Lieutenant Campbell was placed in the line at Ypres and fought at Givenchy on June 15, 1915, dying later as a result of wounds received during the battle. D Jun 19, 1915 and is buried in the Boulogne Eastern Cemetery, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

13. Lionel Beaumaurice (Leo) CLARKE VC Oct 1916 Pozieres, France [RN 72132. 2nd Bn CEF. Manitoba. VC] B Dec 1, 1892 at Waterdown (Hamilton), ON. He spent his early years in England but later returned to Winnipeg and took employment as a CNR surveyor in northern Canada. He returned to Winnipeg on the outbreak of war, enlisted in the 27th (City of Winnipeg) Battalion on Feb 25, 1915 and was shipped to England where he transferred to the 2nd Battalion (Eastern Ontario Regiment). During the Battle of the Somme, on July 5, 1916, Corporal Clarke’s Battalion were assigned to capture a salient between Mouquet Farm and Courcelette. With the remainder of his unit dead or wounded he found himself alone but was able to hold off the enemy while the balance of his company erected a fortified position which allowed the salient to be held more effectively. On an attack on Oct 11, 1916 against Regina Trench he was wounded in an explosion and buried. Although rescued his back had been broken and his body paralysed. He died in hospital. D Oct 19, 1916 and is buried in Etretat Churchyard near le Havre, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

14. William Hew CLARK-KENNEDY VC Aug 1918 Fresnes (Arras), France [No. RN. 24th Bn CEF. Quebec. VC, CMG, DSO*] B Mar 3, 1880 in Dunskey, Wigtownshire, Scotland. He graduated from St. Andrew’s

52 Albert was born Jan 28, 1895 at Ashington and enlisted Aug 11, 1915. He is also listed as a member of the 46th Battn. showing his trade as “Grocer” and with 1 year’s previous experience with the 105th Fusiliers. He was promoted to Corporal. His records show him as dead as of Sep 10, 1918. (Sources: CGWP; LAC-CEF.) 128

College, Southborough, Kent before working for the Scottish Life Insurance Company. During the Boer War he served with the Imperial Yeomanry and Rhodesian Horse. After 1902 he returned to England and his insurance work and in 1903 transferred to the Scottish Life Insurance Company’s office in Montreal. When WWI began he enlisted in the CEF on Sep 23, 1914 at Valcartier, Quebec and was commissioned as a Captain. As commander of the 24th Battalion (Victoria Rifles), Lt.-Col. Clark-Kennedy led his men against German positions on the second day of the Arras Front offensive. By mid afternoon his leadership (in the forefront of his men) enabled the brigade to capture their objective at Cherisy, to cross the Sensee river and proceed as far as the Fresnes-Rouvroy railway line. The next day he continued to lead the attack and again his battalion was able to achieve its objectives. Wounded several times he was carried to a dressing station and later hospitalized. After the war he returned to the insurance business in Montreal and in 1940 was appointed honorary Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3rd Bn Black Watch. He retired in 1945. D Oct 25, 1961 in Montreal, QC. (Sources: Wikipedia; LAC-CEF database.) He was a member of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 374 EC, Montreal and was Initiated Feb 6, 1906, Passed Apr 10, 1906 and Raised May 8, 1906. He served as Lodge Secretary 1909- 10. He resigned from the Lodge on Dec 27, 1921. Although he lived in Montreal for another 40 years, he did not rejoin the Craft. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross and V. W. Bro. John Charles Hope, Grand Inspector of the Montreal and Halifax Group of Lodges via W.Bro. Christopher Day, PGStB (UK), Secretary of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 373 EC, Montreal.)

15. Robert Grierson COMBE VC May 1917 Acheville, France [No RN. 27th Bn CEF. Saskatchewan. VC] B Aug 5, 1880 in Aberdeen, Scotland where he attended local schools and served an apprenticeship in pharmacy. He emigrated to Canada about 1906 and joined a drugstore in Moosomin, SK, later opening his own pharmacy in Melville, SK. In 1915 he enlisted in the army and was commissioned into the 53rd Battalion (Northern Saskatchewan) at Prince Albert. He was posted overseas, promoted to Major and placed in an instructional position. Seeking combat experience he applied for a Lieutenancy in the 27th (City of Winnipeg) Battalion. On May 3, 1917 the Battalion was ordered to take Acheville (3 miles away from Vimy). Against violent shelling by the Germans on the Canadian attack and a great loss of his own men, he led them to capture the assigned position, although he died in the final moments. D May 3, 1917, Acheville, France. His original grave was destroyed in subsequent fighting. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF; Canadian Legion Magazine.) In 1911 he joined Melville Lodge, No. 62 GRS, in Melville and was Initiated Mar 13, 1911, Passed Jul 10, 1911 and Raised Dec 22, 1911. On his application to join the Lodge his occupation is listed as Druggist aged 30 years old. In an undated History of Formation and Progress of Melville Lodge No. 62 GRS: A.F. & A.M., held in the archives of the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan the following notation appears: “1917-1918-1919 It would seem the Lodge had no history of note during the years 1917-18-19; excepting for further sad news from the War Office resulting in a further reduction of our good brethren. Word was received that Bro. R. G. Combe had been killed in action May 3rd, 1917, and for Gallantry on that occasion was awarded, posthumously, the Victoria Cross. A suitable notation has been engraved to this effect on the Lodge Roll of Honour. He was killed in action at a place named Fresnoy.” (Source: Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan, via M.W.Bro. Richard Brown, Past Grand Master and currently (2013) Acting Grand Secretary.) [The linking of 129

Brother Combe’s masonic background with his military career only came to light in August- September 2013, during the preparation of Canadian Freemasonry during the First World War (1914-1918).]

16. Frederick George COPPINS VC Aug 1918 Hackett Woods, France [RN1987. 8th Bn CEF. Manitoba. VC] B Oct 25, 1889 in London, England. He later emigrated to Canada and enlisted on Sep 23, 1914, at Valcartier, Quebec. On his enlistment papers he noted that he had served four years with the Royal West Kent Regiment and was assigned as Trooper (later promoted to Corporal) in the 8th (90th Rifles) Battalion. He received his VC for action during the Aug 9, 1918 attack on the Hackett Woods (Battle of Amiens). In the attack, his platoon (like that of Sergeant Brereton of the 8th Bn) was pinned down by fire from a concealed German machine-gun position. Corporal Coppins led four volunteers in a successful attack on the position although he was wounded and the other four were killed. After the war he enlisted as a Special Constable during the Winnipeg General Strike, where he was injured. He later worked as a construction worker in Oakland, California where he apparently enlisted in the United States Army although there is no readily available information on what post he served in. D Mar 30, 1963 in California. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF.)

17. John Bernard CROAK VC Aug 1918 Amiens, France [RN 445312. 13th Bn CEF. Nova Scotia. VC] B May 18, 1892 in Little Bay, Newfoundland and later moved with his parents to Glace Bay, NS, where he attended New Aberdeen and St. John’s schools and later took on work as a coal miner. He enlisted on Aug 7, 1915 at Sussex, NB and was assigned to the 55th (New Brunswick & Prince Edward Island) Battalion, later being transferred to the 13th (Royal Highlanders of Canada) Battalion. During the August 1918 Amiens offensive, Private John Croak encountered a German machine-gun nest that was missed in the pre- assault barrage. He attacked it with mills bombs, put it out of action and returned to his unit. His platoon encountered another entrenched German position and he attacked it. During both his attacks he was wounded, the second time proving to be fatal. D August 1918 and is buried in the Hangard Wood British Cemetery, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

18. Robert Edward CRUICKSHANK VC May 1918 Jordan, Palestine [No. RN. London Scottish Regiment. Manitoba. VC] B Jun 17, 1888, Winnipeg. In 1891 his family moved to northern London, England, where he took his education. He joined the RFC in 1915 and later transferred to the London Scottish Regiment and fought on the Somme where he was wounded. After recovering he sailed to the Middle East in 1917. It was here in early 1918 (effectively in Egypt) that his unit came under heavy fire and Private Cruickshank volunteered to act as runner to advise company headquarters they were under fire. He was wounded several times but the message reached its destination. He was hospitalized and found to be suffering from eight wounds. This action resulted in his award of the VC. His postwar years were spent in Leicester. D Sep 1, 1961, Blaby, Leicestershire. (Sources: Wikipedia.) He was a member of St. Vedast Lodge, No. 4033 EC, London where he was Initiated Sep 25, 1925, Passed Oct 22, 1925 and Raised Jan 26, 1926. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.) 130

19. Edmund DE WIND VC Mar 1918 Groagie, France [RN 79152. Royal Irish Rifles. Alberta. VC] B Dec 11, 1883 in , Ireland where he was educated, started work in a branch of the Bank of Ireland in Clones. He emigrated to Canada in 1911 and worked for the Bank of Commerce in Edmonton. Just prior to the outbreak of hostilities he had joined The Queen’s Own Rifles (Militia). On Nov 16, 1914, in Edmonton, he enlisted in the CEF and arrived in France with the 2nd Battalion (Eastern Ontario Regiment) in Sep 1915. He served in the battles of St-Éloi, Ypres, Somme and Vimy, was commissioned as a Lieutenant, and transferred to the Royal Irish Rifles. In late March 1918, sixty-four German Divisions attacked the allies on a 54-mile front between St. Quentin and Arras. On the first day of the retreat, Lieutenant Edmund de Wind held down a machine-gun post near the village of Grougie for seven hours to enable allied soldiers to retire. He was badly wounded and died at his post. D Mar 1918 and is buried at the Pozieres Memorial, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

20. Thomas Fasti DINESEN VC Aug 1918 Parvillers, France [RN 2075467. 42nd Bn CEF. Quebec. VC, Croix de Guerre (France)] B Aug 9, 1892 at Rungsted, Denmark. He was unsuccessful in his efforts to join other national military organizations and enlisted in the CEF on Jun 26, 1917 in Montreal when he was working in New York. He was assigned to 42nd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada). On Aug 12, 1918 he and his unit were assigned to Parvillers in an attack against entrenched German forces. He charged the Germans five times and he and his men were key in securing one mile of strongly garrisoned and stubbornly defended enemy trenches, for which he received the VC and a commission as a Lieutenant. After the war he removed to where he became a farmer and civil engineer, returning to Denmark in 1925 to pursue a literary career. D Mar 10, 1970 in Denmark and is buried in the Hørsholm Churchyard, Hørsholm. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

21. Frederick (Bud) FISHER VC Apr 1915 St. Julien, Belgium [No RN known. 13th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B. Aug 3, 1894, St. Catharines, ON. There is confusion about Fisher’s background and I have chosen to use the Wikipedia material. After local schooling in St. Catharines, he attended McGill to study engineering in 1913. On the outbreak of war he enlisted in the Royal Highlanders of Canada and was promoted to Lance Corporal. Placed in the lines near Ypres, Belgium he was recovering from injuries when a German attack came and he joined forces fighting to halt the attack [this was the Second Battle of Ypres and was the first time the Germans released poison gas]. The French forces on the left of the line pulled back and in the ensuing German attack to force a breakthrough, a hasty defence was erected by Canadian troops. Fisher and some of his men used machine guns and held off the attackers so that some Canadian field guns could be withdrawn. As the fight continued he established another machine gun post and carried on the fight until killed at his post. D Apr 23, 1915 at St. Julien, Belgium, but his bodied was never recovered. (Sources: Wikipedia.)

22. Gordon Muriel FLOWERDEW VC Mar 1918 Bois de Moreuil, France [RN 2505. Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians). British Columbia. VC] (B Jan 2, 1885 at Billingford, Norfolk, England. He came to Canada in 1903 and lived at Wallchin, BC. He enlisted on Sep 24, 1914 at Valcartier, QC and given his farming 131

experience he was assigned to Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians) and was commissioned as a Lieutenant in 1916. Trench warfare did not make much use of cavalry, but in the spring of 1918 the Germans began a rapid advance and by March cavalry again became an important component. Lieutenant Gordon Flowerdew and his men of C Squadron were ordered to seize the Bois de Moreuil where the Germans had a commanding view of Amiens, 12 miles away. The Squadron held the higher ground and in a frontal attack on about 60 Germans with machine guns and other equipment they were victorious but with many casualties including Lt. Flowerdew who died on the field. The Germans were stopped and Amiens was saved. D Mar 1918 and is buried in Namps-au- Val British Cemetery near Amiens. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

23. Herman James GOOD VC Aug 1918 Hangard Wood, France [RN 445120. 13th Bn CEF. New Brunswick. VC] B Nov 29, 1887, at South Bathurst, NB and educated at Big River School, entering the lumber business after graduation. He enlisted on Jun 29, 1915 at Sussex, NB, joining the 5th Battalion (Western Cavalry), transferring to the 2nd Pioneer Battalion and then into the 13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada). On August 8, 1918, on the opening day of the Battle of Amiens, he attacked a nest of three machine-guns in the Hangard Wood and destroyed the guns and killed the Germans. Later, with several other members of his platoon, he encountered a battery of 5.9 inch guns and attacked and put it out of action when the Germans surrendered. He returned to Bathurst after the war and took up farming and lumbering and for 20 years was the district’s fish, game and fire warden. D Apr 18, 1969 and is buried at St. Alban’s Cemetery, Bathurst, NB. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

24. Milton Fowler GREGG 1918 Cambrai, France [RN 50051. Royal Canadian Regiment. New Brunswick. VC, PC, OC, CBE, MC, ED, CD] B Apr 10, 1892 at Mountain Dale, NB and educated at the provincial Normal School and graduated from Acadia and Dalhousie Universities. On Nov 5, 1914 he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Infantry Battalion, in 1916 he attended the Imperial Officers Training School and was commissioned as a Lieutenant and placed in the Royal Canadian Regiment. In 1917 he was awarded the MC and in 1918 a Bar for his actions in France. On Sep 28, 1918 the RCRs were held up by a German strong point and Gregg found an entry into the German trench through which he led a counter-attack. Although wounded he continued the work until the trenches had been cleared. After the war he returned to New Brunswick and worked for the Soldiers Settlement Board as well as in advertising for the Halifax Herald. From 1934-39 he was Sergeant-at-arms of the House of Commons in Ottawa. During WWII he served overseas as second-in-command of the RCR. He later became commandant of the of the officers’ training schools at Brockville and Sussex, NB. He was also commandant (1943) of the Canadian School of Infantry at Vernon, BC. In 1944 he was appointed Chancellor of UNB and held the office until 1947. That year was elected as a federal MP and served as Minister of Fisheries (1947-84), Veterans Affairs (1948-50) and Labour (1950-57). Defeated in the 1957 elections he became UN representative to , UN Children’s Fund administrator in and Canadian High Commissioner to Guyana. He retired in 1968.D Mar 13, 1978 and is buried at Snider Mountain Baptist Cemetery, , NB. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) 132

25. Frederick William HALL Apr 1915 Ypres, Belgium [RN 1539. 27th Bn CEF. Manitoba. VC] B Feb 1885 at Kilkenny, Ireland and later emigrated to Winnipeg. On Sep 26, 1914 he enlisted in the 10th Battalion (Calgary) and was later transferred to 8th (90th Rifles) Battalion as a Sergeant-Major. His regiment was assigned to France and was in the line during the Second Battle of Ypres where the Germans released poison gas. On the night of Apr 23/24, 1915, realising that several of his men were missing, he went out alone and brought two back to the unit. He continued his rescues during the day and was killed while bringing wounded men back into the lines. D Apr 25, 1915 and has no known grave. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

26. Robert Hill HANNA VC Sep 21, 1917 Lens, France [RN 75361. 29th Bn CEF. British Columbia. VC] B Aug 6, 1887, Kilkeel, County Down, Ireland, where he received his education and took a job as lumberjack before emigrating to Canada. On Nov 7, 1914 he enlisted in the 29th Battalion (Vancouver). Private Hannah was later promoted to Company Sergeant Major. He was in command of B Company at Lens (Hill 70), where he led an under-strength group of men to take a major German position which was halting the Canadian advance and held it until relieved by a refreshed Canadian group. For his actions at Lens he was awarded the VC. He was later promoted to Lieutenant. In the post war period he ran a logging camp and later took up farming in his home province. D June 15, 1967 at Mount Lehman, BC and is buried in the Masonic Cemetery, Burbank, BC. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) He joined Canada Lodge, No. 3527 EC, in London, England and was initiated on October 15, 1918 (no information on passing or raising is presently available). While working in British Columbia after the war he affiliated with Keystone-Lions Lodge, No. 115 BCR, Vancouver on October 6, 1938. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

27. Frederick Maurice Watson HARVEY VC Mar 1917 Guyencourt, France [No. RN. Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians). Alberta. VC, CBE, MC, Croix de Guerre (France)] B Sep 1, 1888 at Athboy, County Meath, Ireland, where he attended local schools. He came to Canada in 1908 and settled in Fort Macleod, AB. Having served for 2 years in his school Cadet Corps and O.T.C. he entered the 23rd Alberta Rangers (Militia). On May 18, 1916, he enlisted in Lord Strathcona’s Horse and was commissioned as a Lieutenant. By 1915 the Strathcona’s were serving with the British 15th Army in France. While trench warfare did not make much use of cavalry, by late March 1917, the Fort Garry Horse and Lord Strathcona’s Horse were part of an advance on a 12-mile front and had been specifically tasked to take the high ground around the village of Guyencourt and Grebaussart Wood. Under the leadership of Lieutenant Harvey, the Regiment was able to take possession of a major German trench and, ultimately, to take the town. He remained in the regiment and returned to Calgary after the war and, in 1938, he assumed command of Lord Strathcona’s Horse and became commander of Military District 13. He retired in 1946 and was made honorary colonel of the Strathconas (1950-66). D Aug 1980, Calgary, AB. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) 133

28. Frederick HOBSON VC Aug 1917 Lens, France [RN 57113. 20th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B Sep 23, 1873, London, England and served in the during the Second Boer War. He emigrated to Galt (now Cambridge) Ontario in 1904 where he worked for Canadian Canners. He was also a member of the Norfolk Rifles (Militia). He enlisted in the CEF on Nov 10, 1914, in Toronto and was taken into the 20th Battalion (Central Ontario) as a Sergeant. During the Battle of Lens in August 1917 a forward Canadian Lewis-gun post was buried by a shell and its crew killed. Sgt. Hobson rushed from his trench, re- established the Lewis-gun and fought off the German attack until killed by enemy fire. At the time of his death sufficient other Canadians had taken over the position to hold it effectively. D Aug 18, 1917 and has no known grave. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF.)

29. Thomas William HOLMES VC Oct 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium [RN 838301. 2nd Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B Oct 14, 1898, Montreal. He accompanied his family to Owen Sound, ON in 1903 and later attended Ryerson. He enlisted in Owen Sound, Ontario, on Dec 20, 1915 and was taken into the 147th Bn but later transferred to the 4th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles where he was promoted to Sergeant. On the first day of the battle at Passchendaele (Oct 26, 1917), he earned his VC by charging across the muddy battlefield with grenades and eventually captured a pillbox whose occupants surrendered. This allowed the men of the 4th Bn CMR to advance. After the war he returned to Toronto where he was employed as a pilot for the Toronto harbour Commission and in 1936 he and another officer saved the lives of three persons whose boat had capsized in the harbour. D Jan 4, 1950 and is buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Owen Sound, ON. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF.)

30. Samuel Lewis HONEY VC Oct 1918 Bourlon Wood, France [RN 602174. 78th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC, DCM, MM] B Feb 9, 1894 in Conn, ON. Educated locally, he began a career as a school teacher before joining the Canadian army on Jan 22, 1915, where he was placed in the 78th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers). In January 1917 he received the MM for action against the enemy and the DCM for his actions at Vimy Ridge. He was recommended for a commission and sent to England for training. During an attack on Bourlon Wood (Sep 27 - Oct 2, 1918) the company commander and officers in a section of the 78th Bn were killed or wounded. Private Honey took charge and led an attack on an enemy machine-gun post, capturing the guns and taking 10 prisoners. Fighting off four counter-attacks they spotted another German position, assembled a few remaining men after dark, and captured the post, taking two machine-guns. Two days later, while leading his men against a German strong point he was badly wounded and later died. D Sep 30, 1918 and is buried at Quéant Communal Cemetery, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

31. Bellenden Seymour HUTCHESON VC Sep 1918 Queant Line, France [No RN. 75th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC, MC] B Dec 16, 1883, Mount Carmel, Illinois. Educated at Mount City High School and a graduate (1915) of North Western Medical School as a physician and surgeon. He joined the Canadian Army medical Corps and went overseas as Captain (medical officer) of the 97th Battalion (American Legion). He transferred to the 75th (Mississauga) Battalion as 134

Medical Officer. In July 1918 he was awarded the MC for his work under fire. During the Sep 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector, Captain Hutcheson remained with the 75th Bn where he administered to the wounded on the battlefield while under constant machine-gun and mortar fire. When a stretcher party was injured he assisted in bringing an injured officer to the aid station and then returning to his post with his battalion while it was under fire. In the postwar years he joined the staff of St. Mary’s Hospital, Cairo, Illinois. During the 1939 visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, he was invited to attend with them at a wreath laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery. D Apr 9, 1954 and is buried in Mount Carmel Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

32. Joseph KAEBLE VC Jun 1918 Neuville-Vitasse, France [RN 889958. 22nd Bn CEF. Quebec. VC, MM] B May 5, 1893 in St-Moïse, Matane County, QC and was educated in . In 1909 he took a job as a driver-mechanic with a lumber firm in Princeton. On Mar 20, 1916 he enlisted in the 189th (Canadien-Français) Battalion (then being raised in the lower St. Lawrence) and later transferred to the 22nd Battalion (Royal 22nd Regiment). In preparation for a night attack against the 22nd Bn on Jun 8-9, 1918, the Germans launched a heavy barrage which destroyed most of the machine gun facility commanded by Private Kaeble. As the German attack developed he was able to hold the enemy at bay for sufficient time for the Canadians to regroup and hold the line. D Jun 9, 1918 and is buried in Wantequin Cemetery, near Arras. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

33. George Fraser KERR VC Sep 1918 Bourlon Wood, France [RN 9570. 3rd Bn CEF. Ontario. VC, MC*, MM] B Jun 8, 1894, Deseronto, ON and was educated locally and became a chemist (the trade on his enlistment papers). He enlisted on Sep 22, 1914 and was commissioned as a Lieutenant into the 3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment). On Sep 27, 1918 Kerr was with his battalion at Bourlon Wood where they were steadily advancing against a strong German position. A strong German position impeded the advancing Canadians and Lt. Kerr rushed it alone and was able to capture 4 machine-guns and take 31 prisoners. After the war he returned to Toronto and managed a metal supply firm. D Dec 8, 1929 in a freak accident when overcome by carbon monoxide while waiting for his car to warm up. He is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

34. John Chipman KERR VC Sep 1916 Courcelette, France [RN 101465. 49th Bn CEF. Nova Scotia. VC] B Jan 11, 1887, Fox River, Cumberland, NS. He later removed to BC where he took employment as a lumberjack until 1912 when he purchased a farm at Spirit River, AB. He and brother enlisted on Sep 25, 1915 into the 66th Battalion but John was transferred as a reinforcement for the 49th Battalion (Edmonton) which was sent to France. On Sep 16, 1916, while in the line at Courcelette, France, he led his men against a German redoubt and against tremendous odds they killed and captured several times their number of Germans. He returned to Edmonton in August 1918, moved back onto his homestead on the Spirit River and later became a forest ranger in the Peace River area.. During WWII he re-enlisted in the Army and transferred to the RCAF, serving as an MP and Sergeant of the Guard. D Feb 19, 1963, Port Moody. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) 135

35. Cecil John KINROSS VC Oct 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium [RN 437793. 49th Bn CEF. Alberta. VC] B Feb 17, 1896, at Dews Farm, Harefield, near Uxbridge, Middlesex, England and attended local school until moving to Lougheed, AB, with his family in 1912, where they began farming. On Oct 21, 1915, he enlisted at Calgary and was initially drafted into the 51st Battalion (Alberta) and sailed to England in December, where he was posted to the 9th Reserve Battalion. In March 1916 he proceeded to France with the 49th Battalion (Edmonton). During action with the Battalion in October he was wounded in the arm, hospitalized and returned to active duty. In the attack on Passchendaele Ridge, in October 1917, the 49th Bn was stalled by intense German machine gun fire. Private Kinross stripped off his heavy equipment and attacked the machine gun nest, killing the six-man crew, and allowing his company to advance. He fought all day with his men and was eventually evacuated from the battlefield with wounds. He was hospitalized and invalided to England and posted to the 21st Reserve Battalion in Feb 1918. He returned to Canada in early 1919, was granted an honourable discharge in February and returned to the family farm in Lougheed, AB where he resumed farming. In 1956 he attended the centennial of the founding of the Victoria Cross in London. By this time he had become a recluse, had sold the farm, and moved into a local hotel where he lived alone. D June 1957 and buried in the Soldier’s Plot, Lougheed Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

36. Arthur George KNIGHT VC Sep 1918 Villers-les-Cagnicourt, France [RN 426402. 10th Bn CEF. Alberta. VC, Croix de Guerre (Belgium)] B Jun 26, 1886, Hayward’s Heath, Sussex and later moved to Redhill, Surrey with his parents where he took his schooling. He came to Canada in 1911 and worked as a carpenter in Regina. He enlisted on December 19, 1914 into the 10th Battalion (Calgary) and fought at Passchendaele in November 1917. During the Sep 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector, Knight and his platoon found that they were unable to dislodge German forces to their front. Knight charged forward alone and shot and bayoneted several Germans, forcing others to fall back. His men were able to advance and advance, taking many prisoners. In a later attack he was mortally wounded. D Sep 3, 1918 and is buried in the Dominion Cemetery, Hendecourt-les-Cagnicourt, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

37. Filip KONOWAL VC Aug 1917 Lens, France [RN 144039. 47th Bn CEF. Quebec. VC, Cross of St. George, 4th Class] B Kudhiv, Ukraine on Mar 25, 1887. His early life was spent working on the family farm and helping his father with a stone-cutting business. He was conscripted into the Russia army for a time and later emigrated to Canada (1913) and became a lumberjack. On Jul 12, 1915, he enlisted in Ottawa and was assigned to the 77th (Ottawa) Battalion. After training he arrived in England, where he was transferred to the 47th Battalion (New Westminster BC) which sailed to France in August 1916 as part of the 4th Canadian Division. At Lens, in September 1917, Corporal Konowal’s unit objective was to clear Germans out of a area of coal slag-heaps, thrown up by bursting mines and bristling with enemy machine gun nests. A veteran in hand-to-hand fighting gained from his Russian service, he was successful in this and other “removal” operations for the Battalion. He was promoted to the rank of Sergeant after receiving the VC. He returned to Canada with an honorable discharge but in an unfortunate development, killed a man who had beaten up a fellow veteran. In the court case he was found “not guilty by reason of insanity” from 136

head wounds incurred in the war. He was jailed until Apr 1921, placed in Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital, in Montreal and released sometime between 1928 and 1931, and given a job as a “junior caretaker” in the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa. D Jun 3, 1959 and is buried in Notre Dame Cemetery, Ottawa. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

38. Okill Massey LEARMONTH VC Aug 1917 Loos, France [No RN. 2nd Bn CEF. Quebec. VC, MC] B Feb 20, 1894, Quebec City and educated at St. George’s School and Quebec High School. After schooling he worked for the Union Bank and later on a private estate on Anticosti Island, while also holding the rank of Lieutenant in the militia. On Sep 29, 1914, he enlisted at Quebec City as a private soldier. He was commissioned as a Lieutenant in June 1916 and later promoted to Captain. Promoted again, to Major, and having already won the MC earlier in the war he found himself in a defensive position at Lens, in Aug 1917. When their position came under hard attack and barrage by the Germans, his action in assisting his men held the enemy at bay. Badly wounded he was carried back to a field hospital where he died from his wounds. D Aug 19, 1917 and is buried at Noeux-les-Mines Communal Cemetery, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

39. Graham Thomson LYALL VC Sep 1918 Cambrai, France [RN 158524. 102nd Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B Mar 8, 1892 in Manchester, England where he attended public school and studied mechanical engineering after secondary school. He eventually moved to Welland, ON in 1912 where he worked for Canadian Steel Foundries and the Niagara Power Company. Three days after the outbreak of war he joined the 19th (Lincoln) Regiment (Militia), was placed on active duty and posted to the Welland Canal Field Force which provided guards along the canal, at hydro facilities in the peninsula and on international bridges. On Sep 24, 1915 he enlisted in the CEF and was assigned to the 81st Battalion (Ontario) which was actively recruiting in the Niagara area. He sailed to England in May 1916 where the 81st Bn was broken up and its officers and men transferred to units already in France. His first transfer, as a Corporal, was to the decimated 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles where he fought at the Somme (Sep 1916) and Arras (1917), earning a commission for his actions at Vimy Ridge. After OTS at Bexhill-on-Sea, he was transferred to the 102nd Battalion (British Columbia, Duke of Connaught’s Own). As part of the breaching of the Hindenburg Line in Sep 1918, his company fought at Bourlon Wood where Lyall and his men captured a German strong point and took 13 prisoners, 4 machine-guns and one field gun. Later in the southern end of the Wood they took an enemy strong point with 45 prisoners and 5 machine-guns. On Oct 1, 1918 they overwhelmed another strong point and took prisoners. For his actions he was awarded the VC. After the war he returned to England. In WW II he joined the Royal Army Ordnance Corps and was assigned to Egypt. D Nov 28, 1941 at Mersa Matruh, Egypt and is buried at Halfaya Sollum War Cemetery, Egypt. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF) Between The two World Wars, while residing in England, he was initiated into Lodge of Harmony and Industry, No. 381 EC, Darwen, Lancashire on May 8, 1919, but there is nothing further known about his Masonic career. (Source: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.) 137

40. Thain Wendell MacDOWELL VC Mar 1917 Vimy Ridge, France [No RN. 38th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC, DSO] B Sep 16, 1890, Lachute, QC and educated at Maitland Public School, Brockville Collegiate Institute and University of Toronto (BA, 1914). At UofT he joined the OTC as an officer-cadet with The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada. He enlisted on Feb 1, 1915 at Ottawa into the 41st Regiment (Brockville Rifles) and was later transferred and commissioned into the 38th Battalion (Ottawa). During the 1916 Somme battles he won the DSO and was invalided to England. During this time he was promoted to Captain and returned to France in early March 1917 in time for the attack on Vimy Ridge. During the battle he captured a trench and linked dugout by which time he was alone, but by a ruse convinced the Germans he had a strong unit with him and they surrendered. He was promoted to major for his actions and later awarded the VC. After returning to Canada, the University of Toronto conferred an honorary MA on him on November 11, 1918. On May 1, 1920 he was transferred to the reserve and in 1926 he was appointed as Lieutenant- Colonel of the Frontenac Regiment. He served as Private Secretary to the Minister of National Defence (1922-28) and then pursued a career in engineering, becoming director of several mining companies and president of the Chemical Research Foundation. D Nassau, Bahamas in March 1960 and is buried in Oakland Cemetery, Brockville, ON. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

41. Robert Gordon McBEATH VC Nov 1917 Cambrai, France [No Canadian RN. Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, Duke of Albany’s). British Columbia. VC] B Dec 22, 1898 in Kinlochbervie, Sutherland, Scotland. Little is known about his early life. As a Lance Corporal in the Seaforth Highlanders, he received the VC for his actions during the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917. After the Armistice was signed he returned to Scotland but he and wife removed to Vancouver, British Columbia in 1922-23. In Vancouver he first joined the British Columbia Provincial Police. Several months later he joined the Vancouver Police Force and on October 9, 1922, while patrolling with his partner, Detective R. Quirk, he was shot and killed by an impaired driver the two had arrested. Brother McBeath was 23 years old at the time. (Sources: Wikipedia.) After returning to Scotland at war’s end, Private McBeath joined Lodge St. Mary’s Caledonian Operative, No. 339, Inverness (Initiated July 12, 1919, Passed October 29, 1921, Raised April 18, 1922). After he removed the Vancouver, Brother McBeath affiliated with Mount Hermon Lodge, No. 7 BCR, Vancouver. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross and the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon website.)

42. John MacGREGOR VC Oct 1918 Cambrai, France [RN 116031. 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles. British Columbia. VC, MC*, DCM, ED] B Feb 11, 1889 at Cawdor, near Nairn, Scotland. Although we have nothing on his early life, his enlistment papers indicate he served 3 years in the Garrison Artillery at Nairn. He came to Canada in 1909 and went into contracting at Powell River BC. On Mar 26, 1915 he enlisted in Vancouver as a Private soldier in the 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles and was sent overseas. By September 1915 he had been promoted to Sergeant and was awarded the DCM for his actions against a German strong point and later received the as well as a bar. He was later commissioned and promoted to Captain. His Regiment were assigned as part of the Canadian force attacking at Cambrai in the fall of 138

1918. Between Sep 29 and Oct 3, the Canadian advance was being bogged down by German machine-gun nests. MacGregor dashed ahead of his men and put some of them out of action, being wounded in the process. As German resistance stiffened he took charge of the leading wave of assault troops and continued the advance to take Neuville Saint-Rémy which allowed other troops to keep the advance towards Cambrai going. For his actions he was awarded the VC. After the war he returned to Powell River but little is known of his life in the interwar period. At the outbreak of WWII he enlisted with the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s) and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and put in charge of the Canadian Army Training Centre at Wainwright, AB. At the end of WWII he returned again to Powell River and established a concrete plant at Cranberry Lake. D Jun 9, 1952 in Powell River and is buried at Cranberry Lake Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) He joined Tyee Lodge, No. 66 BCR, Prince Rupert (Initiated Mar 2, 1920, Passed Sep 29, 1920 and Raised Mar 8, 1921; Grand Lodge Certificate #9423). He resigned from the Lodge on Jan 14, 1941. He affiliated with Westview Lodge, No. 133 BCR, Powell River on May 2, 1950 (this Lodge amalgamated with Triune No. 81 BCR, Powell River on Oct 9, 1996). (Source: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

43. George Burdon McKEAN VC Apr 1918 Gavrelle Sector, France [RN 58209. 14th Bn CEF. Alberta. VC, MC, MM] B Jul 4, 1888 at County Durham, England. After local schooling he emigrated to Canada in 1902 and settled in Edmonton where he attended University. On Jan 23, 1915 he joined the 51st Battalion (Alberta) and transferred to the 14th (Cameron Highlanders of Canada (Reserve) Battalion (The Royal Montreal Regiment), receiving a commission as a Lieutenant. On Apr 27-28, 1918, while leading a raiding party against a small German garrison along the Lys River near Vimy Ridge, Lieutenant McKean leapt into one particular trench block with his pistol and several grenades and was quickly followed by his men. The action was successful and Mckean and his men occupied the position, for this action he received the VC. Prior to the Armistice he was promoted to Captain. After the war he returned to Brighton, England and operated a sawmill. D Nov 28, 1926 when a circular saw broke and pieces struck him in the head. He is buried in Brighton Extra-Mural Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

44. Hugh McDonald McKENZIE VC Oct 1917 Meetscheele Spur, Belgium [RN 1158. Canadian Machine Gun Corps. Alberta. VC, DCM, Croix de Guerre (France)] B Dec 5, 1885, Inverness, Scotland, educated in Dundee, later working for the railway. He moved to Ottawa in 1911 and enlisted in the Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI) on Aug 21, 1914. He was promoted to Corporal and Sergeant in 1916. In August 1916 he transferred to the Canadian Machine Gun Corps and was promoted to Sergeant Major and commissioned on Jan 28, 1917. Lieutenant McKenzie’s four guns of the 7th Canadian Machine Gun Corps were placed in the vanguard of an attack by the 49th Battalion (Edmonton) and PPCLI on Passchendaele in October 1917. In the attack the Officers and NCOs of the PPCLI were wiped out by the Germans and the advance stalled. Lt. McKenzie investigated and saw that a pillbox was holding up the advance. He detailed off a group to surround it and attack from behind while he led a frontal attack to hold the German’s attention. In the attacking force was Sergeant George Harry Mullin of the PPCLI (see entry 51) and he eventually was able to secure the surrender of the German survivors 139

as McKenzie had died in the attack. Both McKenzie and Mullen were awarded the VC. D Oct 30, 1917. Body unrecovered. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

45. Alan Arnett McLEOD VC Mar 1918 Albert, France [No RN. No. 2 Sqn RFC. Manitoba. VC] B Apr 20, 1899 at Stonewall, MB and educated at Stonewall Collegiate. He enrolled in the 34th Fort Garry Horse in 1913, at the age of 14, but was rejected at the outbreak of war as being “under age.” He did join the RFC cadets in Toronto and on reaching the age of 18 was enrolled in the RFC for pilot training at Long Branch, soloing after 3 hours. In the fall of 1917 he was posted to 82 Sqn at Waddington, Lincolnshire, as a pilot of an Armstrong-Whitworth artillery bomber. Due to his youth he was transferred to 51 Home Defence Sqn flying BE 12 fighters at night. He was subsequently posted to No. 2 Sqn RFC, then based in France where he proved his skills as a pilot and an expert in gunnery, photography and counter-battery work. Between December 1917 and March 1918, McLeod and his Observed flew a number of missions during which they bombed their assigned targets and were able to destroy both enemy balloons and aircraft. He was awarded the VC for his constancy of attack, even under extremely adverse conditions. D Nov 6, 1918, two months and two days after receiving the VC from the Spanish flu. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

46. William MERRIFIELD VC Oct 1918 Abancourt, France [No RN. 4th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC, MM] B Oct 9, 1890 at Brentwood, Essex, England. His personal life is unclear and he may have moved with an uncle to Aylmer, QC and may have returned to England before eventually reaching Sudbury, ON, where he worked for the CPR. He enlisted into the Canadian Army on Sep 22, 1914 at Valcartier, QC and was initially assigned to the 2nd Battalion (Eastern Ontario Regiment). In 1917 he was transferred as a replacement to the 4th Battalion (Central Ontario) where he was awarded the MM for his actions at Passchendaele and promoted to Sergeant. On Oct 1, 1918, in the advance on Cambrai, the 4th Bn was halted by two German machine-gun emplacements. Merrifield advanced and took them both out although being wounded in the process. He received the VC for his actions. After the war he returned to Canada and settled in Sault Ste. Marie where he worked for the Algoma Central Railway. He suffered a stroke in 1939. D Aug 8, 1943, in Toronto and is buried in Sault Ste. Marie’s West Korah Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

47. William Henry METCALF VC Sep 1918 Arras, France [RN 22614. 16th (Canadian Scottish) Bn CEF. Quebec. VC, MM*] B Jan 29, 1885, Waite, Maine. He crossed the border against his mother’s wishes to join the Canadian forces, enlisting on Sep 23, 1914 at Valcartier, QC, into the 12th Battalion (New Brunswick). The Battalion sailed to England in October 1914 and was met on arrival by the American Ambassador who advised Metcalf’s commanding officer that his mother wanted him returned to the United States. Metcalf denied being the individual sought and was permitted to carry on his regular army duties. After several months of training, Private Metcalf was transferred to the 16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion as a replacement, arriving at his new unit in France on May 13, 1916. During the course of the next months he fought and was wounded six times, winning the and bar in the process. During the Sep 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector, a strong tank force was despatched against the Germans. At one point a single tank was about to run over some 140

Canadians when Lance Corporal Metcalfe jumped out of his fox hole and directed the tank towards the Germans amid constant machine-gun firing by the enemy. He was later wounded in the attack but kept leading his men forward. After the Armistice he returned to Maine, where he worked as a motor mechanic. D Aug 8, 1968 in South Portland and is buried in the Bayside Cemetery, Eastport, Maine. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF, VC Organization UK.)

48. William Johnstone MILNE VC Mar 1917 Thelus (Vimy), France [RN 427586. 16th Bn (Canadian Scottish) CEF. Saskatchewan. VC] B Dec 21, 1892 at Cambusnethan, Scotland and educated locally. He emigrated to Canada in 1910 and worked as a farmhand near Moose Jaw, SK. On Sep 11, 1915 he enlisted in the army and by June 1916 he was in France as a member of the 16th Bn (Canadian Scottish) CEF. Early in the April 1917 assault on Vimy Ridge he was in the vanguard of the 16th Battn and was able to capture a machine gun emplacement enabling the battalion to take their first objective. He replicated his actions in the attack on the second objective but died in the fighting D Mar 1917 and is buried at the Vimy Memorial, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

49. Harry Garnet Bedford MINER VC Oct 1918 Demuin, France [RN 823028. 58th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC, Croix de Guerre (France)] B Raleigh County near Cedar Springs, ON. After completing his education he turned to farming in the area. He enlisted into the 142nd Bn CEF on Dec 1, 1915 at London, ON. On arrival in England he was transferred as a replacement for the 161st (Huron) Battalion, but as soon as he arrived in France in Dec 1916 he was transferred to the 58th Battalion (Ontario). On the opening day of the battle for Amiens, his unit was ordered to attack Demuin, east of Amiens. He was wounded several times but refused to retire, leading his platoon into the German lines and single-handedly attacking and wiping out a German machine-gun nest and turning the gun on the enemy. Later in the same action he overwhelmed a German grenade post. D Aug 8, 1918 from his wounds and is buried in the Crouy British Cemetery, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

50. Coulson Norman MITCHELL VC Oct 1918 Canal de L’Escaut, France [RN 596. 4th Canadian Engineers. Manitoba. VC, MC] B Dec 11, 1889 in Winnipeg and after local schooling he graduated as an engineer from the University. On Jan 21, 1915 he enlisted in the 4th Canadian Engineers and after training was sent overseas with the Canadian Railway Construction Corps. He was promoted to Sergeant in November 1915 in the 2nd Canadian Divisional Signal Company and in April 1916 was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Canadian Engineers, 1st Tunnelling Company. It was in this capacity that he received the MC in 1917 in the Ypres Salient. He was promoted to Captain in May 1917. On Oct 8-9, 1918, fighting to clear the Germans from Cambrai, he was given the task of preventing the demolition of a across the Canal de L’Escaut, NE of the city. The task was accomplished under fire during which he and his men killed three enemy, captured 12 and held the bridge until relieved. After the war he returned to Winnipeg and practiced civil engineering. With the outbreak of fighting in WWII he was assigned to the Royal Canadian Engineers at Camp Borden. In 1940 he went overseas and was put in charge of replacement training. He returned to DND Headquarters in 1943 and then joined the staff at the RCE Training Centre, Petawawa. In 1944 he took command of the Royal School of Military Engineering in 141

Chilliwack, BC. In 1946 he moved to Montreal and joined an engineering firm. D Nov 17, 1978 in Montreal. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

51. George Harry MULLIN VC Oct 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium [RN 51339. Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry. Saskatchewan. VC, MM] B Aug 15, 1891, Portland, Oregon. In 1894 his parents moved to Moosomin, SK, taking George with them. He attended Moosomin Collegiate, during this time he spent 5 months in the 16th Light Horse. On Dec 14, 1914 he enlisted at Winnipeg and was taken into the 28th Battalion (Northwest). On arrival in England he transferred as a gunner into the PPCLI on Mar 1, 1915. He was wounded in action on Jun 2, 1916 but continue in service. At Passchendaele, Lieutenant Hugh McKenzie’s (see entry #44) four guns of the 7th Canadian Machine Gun Corps were placed in the vanguard of a joint attack by the 49th Bn and PPCLI on Oct 26, 1917. In the attack the Officers and NCOs of the PPCLI were wiped out by the Germans and the advance stalled. Lt. McKenzie investigated and saw that a pillbox was holding up the advance. He detailed off a group to surround it attack from behind while he led a frontal attack to hold the German’s attention. In the attacking force was Sergeant Mullin of the PPCLI and he eventually was able to secure the surrender of the German survivors as McKenzie had died in the attack. Both McKenzie and Mullen were awarded the VC for their actions. After the war Sergeant Mullin returned to Moosomin where he took up farming and joined the Militia. In 1934 he became Sergeant- at-Arms for the province of Saskatchewan and served in the Veterans Guard during WWII. He was a representative of Saskatchewan at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. D Apr 5, 1963 at Moosomin and is buried in the South Cemetery Legion Plot in Moosomin. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

52. Claude Joseph Patrick NUNNEY VC Sep 1918 Drocourt-Queant Line, France [RN 410935. 38th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC, DCM, MM] B Dec 24, 1892, 1892 in Hastings, Sussex, England53. He and some of his siblings were shipped to Canada as Home Children in 1905. St. George’s distribution home, Ottawa, placed him with Mrs. D. R. McDonald of Pine Hill, Glengarry County, ON, who adopted him. After attending Separate School No. 9, On Mar 8, 1915, Nunney enlisted at Ottawa, ON, and as assigned to the 38th Battalion (Ottawa). He fought at Vimy Ridge in April 1917 and earned the DCM, followed by the MM for a raid on German trenches at Avion. During the Sep 2, 1918 Canadian attack at Arras, Pvt. Nunney scrambled through a German bombardment to join his platoon and assist them in fighting a German counterattack on the Drocourt-Queant Line. The next day he again led his comrades and was wounded several times and was credited with killing 25 German gunners. Carried to an aid station he succumbed to his injuries. D Sep 18, 1918 and is buried in the Communal Cemetery at Aubigny-en-Artois, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

53. Christopher Patrick John O’KELLY VC Oct 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium [No RN. 52nd Bn CEF. Manitoba. VC, MC] B Nov 18, 1895 at Winnipeg, MB and attended local schools. He was an undergraduate

53 For some unknown reason Nunney apparently gave Dublin, Ireland as his place of birth. There is speculation that he denied his status as a Home Child and his adoption possibly because he had lost his birth certificate and other documents which would have confirmed his status. Subsequently his birth certificate has been located and he was born in Hastings. 142

at St. John’s College at the outbreak of war and he joined the 90th Regiment Winnipeg Rifles on Oct 10, 1915 and was commissioned as a Provisional Lieutenant. He was promoted to Captain in the 52nd Battalion and to Major in Royal Winnipeg Rifles. He was transferred to the regular force and joined the 52nd Battalion (New Ontario) as a Lieutenant/acting Captain. His unit was engaged at Passchendaele, Belgium in October 1917. During the fighting, Lieutenant Robert Shankland (see entry #65) led D Company of the 43rd (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion against a major hill overlooking the town on Oct 26, 1917. In the advance the units on his right and left were forced to withdraw slowly, leaving the 43rd exposed. Shankland returned to Battalion HQ, explained the situation, defined a plan to counter the situation, and returned to his company to lead the forthcoming counterattack. One of the new attacking units, the 52nd, was commanded by Captain Christopher O’Kelly. His unit was able to retake a vacated position, rout an exposed advancing German column and then destroy six pillboxes, capturing 100 Germans. As night fell O’Kelly led a raiding party which captured more Germans. At war’s end O’Kelly returned to Winnipeg but remained in the army. He was promoted to Major in the reorganized Winnipeg Rifles. D Nov 15, 1922 by while canoeing near Lac Seul in northern Ontario and his body was never found. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF.)

54. Michael John O’LEARY VC Jan 1915 Cuinchy, France [No Canadian RN. Irish Guards. Saskatchewan. VC, Cross of St. George (third class)] B 1888, Inchigeela, County Cork, Ireland. The age of 16 he enlisted in the RN and served at HMS Vivid at Devonport but was invalided out with rheumatism. He then joined the Irish Guards and served with them for three years and leaving in August 1913. He emigrated to Regina, SK that same year and joined NWMP and in one episode, captured two criminals after a running gun-battle and was presented with a gold ring. He was given permission to leave the NWMP and return to England on out-break of War and joined the 1st Battalion, Irish Guards. During December 1914 the Guards saw heavy fighting in France and O’Leary was Mentioned in Despatches and promoted to Lance Corporal. In January 1915 the British forces at Cuinchy were preparing to attack the Germans, but the enemy attacked first. The Irish Guards were ordered out of reserve to strengthen the British counterattack which was taken on with great difficulty. O’Leary was able to close with a German post and kill the occupants which he followed with an attack and capture of a second point, which allowed the British troops to reform their lines. Awarded the VC for his actions, Lance Corporal O’Leary was promoted to Sergeant and later commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Connaught Rangers. In 1916, after a period back in England and Ireland, he joined the 5th Battalion, Connaught Rangers and served in the Balkans Campaign and contracted malaria. He returned to Canada in 1921 with the intention to join the newly formed RCMP. This did not happen and he joined the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP). His wife and two sons54 joined him in Canada. In 1924 he left the OPP to become a Police Sergeant with the Michigan Central Railway in Bridgeburg, ON. In spite of problems with various employers he remained in Ontario and returned to London in 1932, taking employment as a Commissionaire at the Mayfair Hotel. On the outbreak of hostilities in September 1939, he returned to military service as a Captain in the Middlesex Regiment, was sent to France, but returned with ill health caused by his recurring malaria. Unfit for regular service, he transferred to the Pioneer Corps and took

54 The two sons served in the RAF during WWII and both received the DFC. 143

command of a POW camp in southern England. In 1945 he was discharged from the military on health grounds and worked with a building contractor until his full retirement in 1954. D Aug 2, 1961 and is buried at Mill Hill Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia.)

55. Michael James O’ROURKE VC Aug 1917 Hill 70, France [RN 428545. 7th Bn CEF. British Columbia. VC, MM] (B Mar 19, 1878, Limerick, Ireland. He moved to BC before the war where he worked as a lumberjack. He enlisted on Mar 23, 1915 at New Westminster, BC, and indicated that he had 7 years of previous military experience with the Munster Fusiliers and also in the Canadian Militia. He was assigned to the 7th Battalion (1st British Columbia) and sailed to England and France with the unit. For his actions under fire he won the MM in 1916. During the Battle of Lens in August 1917, he worked as a stretcher-bearer under a constant fire for three days and nights and was knocked down and partially buried by enemy shells. For this action he was awarded the VC. After the war he returned to Vancouver where he was employed as a longshoreman. During the depression he led a parade of striking dockworkers against mounted policemen. In the midst of the fight he encountered an old army acquaintance, William Foster, who was at that time the Vancouver Chief of Police. In 1956 he refused to attend a centennial celebration in London for the creation of the VC as an award for valour but changed his mind when financial support was provided to help his travel. D Dec 6, 1957, Vancouver and is buried in the veterans Field of Honour at Forest Lawn Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF.)

56. John George PATTISON VC Apr 1917 Vimy Ridge, France [RN 808887. 50th Bn CEF. Alberta. VC] B Sep 8, 1875, Woolwich, England and educated at Clifton Road School, Deptford. He removed to Winnipeg in 1906 with his wife and four children and later moved on to Calgary where he worked for a public utility company. On March 6, 1916, at Calgary, he enlisted in the 137th (Calgary) Battalion and was later sent on draft to the 50th (Calgary) Battalion. In France, the 50th Bn was employed in the attack on Vimy Ridge, but a German machine- gun emplacement was delaying its advance. Pattison attacked it with grenades and managed to immobilize the German position and hold it until his Company achieved their objective. For this action he was awarded the VC. D Jun 3, 1917, in an attack on a generating station at Lieven near Lens. And is buried at La Chaudière Military Cemetery, near Arras. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

57. George Randolph PEARKES VC Oct 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium [RN 107473. 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles. Yukon. VC, PC, CC, CB, DSO, MC, CD] B Feb 26, 1889 at Watford, England and educated at Berkhamsted School. He had joined the Bedfordshire Regiment as a Bugle Boy before coming to Canada in 1911 with his brother, where they arrived at Red Deer and worked on a training farm. George joined the NWMP in 1915 but “paid his way out” in order to join the 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles on Mar 2, 1915, in Victoria, BC. In France he was commissioned a Lieutenant and during the next two years he was promoted to Captain and Major. Ordered to attack Vapor Farm and the outlying defences of the Belgian village of Passchendaele during the October 1917 battle, Acting Major Pearkes was wounded with shrapnel at the start of the action. Refusing to seek medical attention he led his men and captured his objective, holding it with less than 20 men until a relieving force arrived on the following day. For these actions 144

he was awarded the VC. By the end of the war he had been promoted to Lieutenant- Colonel. After the War (1922-33) he served as general staff officer at the RMC, Kingston and was later Director of Military Training (1935-38) and District Officer Commanding the 13th Military District in Calgary (1938-40). At the outbreak of WWII he was given command of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade, a component of the First Canadian Division, in England. In August 1942 he became General Officer Commanding, Pacific Command (primarily a western Canada home defence organization). He retired from the military when it became clear the government would not deploy troops to the Pacific theatre. In the post WWII period he was elected as Conservative MP for Nanaimo, BC, and in 1957 became Minister of national Defence. In 1960 he was named as Lieutenant-Governor of BC and served as Grand President of the Royal Canadian Legion (1966-76). D May 30, 1984 in Victoria BC. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

58. Cyrus Wesley PECK VC 1918 Cagnicourt, France [No RN. 16th (Canadian Scottish) Bn CEF. New Brunswick. VC, DSO*] B Apr 26, 1871 at Hopewell Hill, NB. At the age of 16 he moved with his parents to New Westminster, BC, where he became a broker representing sawmill, canning and towing interests. His efforts to join the military and fight in the Boer War were not successful. He was also Unionist MP for Skeena, an office he was elected to while serving in France. He joined the militia and was given a captain’s commission in the 30th Battalion, later enlisting into the CEF on Nov 8, 1914 in Victoria, BC and sailed to England. In April 1915, Captain Peck was transferred to the 16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion. At Festubert, France, on May 21, 1915, he was wounded in both legs. In November 1916 he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and given command of the Regiment, holding this position until the Regiment was disbanded in Winnipeg, May 7, 1919. He received his VC for actions during the September 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector. A strong tank force was despatched against the Germans with Peck’s Battalion as one of the supporting units. Encountering stiff resistance he made a personal reconnaissance and led a counterattack, directing supporting tanks towards the Germans and securing the area. After the war he returned to Skeena and resumed his work as MP and became active in veteran’s issues. He later represented Saanich and the Islands as MLA in the BC legislature. From 1936-41 he sat on the Canadian Pension Commission and served as aide-de-camp to two Governors General. D Sep 27, 1956 and is buried in New Westminster, BC. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF) He joined Tsimpsean Lodge, No. 58 BCR, Prince Rupert (Initiated Dec 4, 1911, Passed unknown date, Raised Feb 22, 1912). Masonic Info via Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

59. Walter Leigh RAYFIELD VC Sep 1918 Arras, France [RN 2204279. 7th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B Oct 7, 1881 at Richmond, Surrey and attended school in England. Prior to World War I he removed to Canada and entered the real estate business in Vancouver, BC. Twice rejected for military service, he was accepted in 1914 at the British recruiting office in Los Angeles, California. He later transferred into the 7th Battalion (1st British Columbia). His attestation paper dated Jul 10, 1917 was signed at the “Forestry Depot, CEF”, at Victoria, BC. During the Sep 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector, Pte Rayfield rushed a heavily occupied German trench and killed a number of them, taking 10 prisoners. Later when his company was under sniper fire, Rayfield charged the German trench which hid 145

the sniper and demoralized the enemy, taking their surrender. For his actions he was awarded the VC. After the war he returned to Canada and spent time in hospital before taking up farming. He became the Progressive Party of Canada’s “soldier candidate” for the riding of Toronto East in the 1921 elections but lost to the Conservative candidate. He was appointed as the Sergeant-at-arms at Queen’s park. He was later Governor of the Toronto Don Jail and an officer in the Queen’s Own Rangers (Militia). D Feb 19, 1949, Toronto and is buried at the Soldiers Plot, Prospect Cemetery, Toronto. (Sources: Wikipedia; LAC-CEF.)

60. James Cleland RICHARDSON VC Oct 1916 Somme, France [RN 28930. 16th Bn (Canadian Scottish) CEF. British Columbia. VC] B Nov 25, 1895, Bellshill, Lanarkshire, Scotland and was educated at local schools and in . Prior to WWI he accompanied his family in a move to Chilliwack, BC where his father became Police Chief and James took up employment as an electrician in Vancouver. In the prewar period he joined Vancouver’s 72nd Battalion and was also a youth member of the Seaforth Highlander Cadet Corps pipe band, where he was a piper. On Sep 23, 1914 he enlisted into the CEF at Valcartier, QC “. . . and was one of the 110 original members of the Valcartier formed on 23 September 1914 16th Canadian Infantry Battalion (Canadian Scottish . . . .” (CGWP entry). The regiment was placed in the line during the battle of the Somme and James piped the men in an attack on German positions and remained in view of the Germans while piping them across barbed wire which had not been destroyed by artillery as had been intended. Later the same day he was lost in the fighting and his body was not recovered. For these actions he was awarded the VC. He had left his pipes on the battlefield when assisting the wounded and the pipes were later found and taken back to Scotland where they initially reposed at the Ardvreck School in Crieff, Perthshire. On November 8, 2006, the bagpipes were officially repatriated to Canada and troops of The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s) had them placed in the BC Legislature where they remain on display. D June 1916. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

61. Thomas RICKETTS VC Oct 1918 Ledeghem, Belgium [RN 3102. Royal Newfoundland Regiment. Newfoundland. VC, Croix de Guerre (France)] B Apr 15, 1901 at Middle Arm, White Bay, Newfoundland. He enlisted at the age of 15½ by lying about date of birth55. He went overseas with the 1st Bn Royal Newfoundland Regiment in January 1917 and was wounded near Cambrai in November 1917. He returned to action in Apr 1918 and by Oct 14, 1918 was at Ledeghem, Belgium where the Regiment had beaten off a German attack. Under heavy artillery shelling from the enemy and having no close artillery support, Ricketts volunteered to move in a flanking action and fight against the Germans with a Lewis gun. Several times during the attack Ricketts retired to obtain ammunition. In the end his actions had prevented allied casualties and

55 Ricketts was the youngest army recipient in a combatant role. Drummer Thomas Flinn, 64th Regiment, was 15 years old when he engaged in hand-to-hand combat with Indian rebel artillerymen in the November 28, 1857 attack on Cawnpore, India, during the Indian Mutiny. Hospital Apprentice Andrew Fitzgibbon of the Indian Army and attached to the 67th Regiment, was 15 years old at the time he received the VC for attending the wounded under fire during the August 21, 1860 attack on the Taku Forts, in China. John Travers (Jack) Cornwell, the youngest naval recipient, was 16 at the time he was awarded the VC for remaining at his 5.5 inch gun post during an engagement on Jun 2, 1916 between HMS Chester and four German even though mortally wounded and the last of the gun crew to fall.. 146

secured 4 machine-guns, 4 field guns and taken 8 prisoners. After the war he settled in St. John’s and became a druggist. D Feb 10, 1967 and is buried in the Anglican Cemetery, Forest Road, St. John’s. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; He joined Tasker Lodge, No. 454 SC, St. John’s where he was Initiated Apr 17, 1930, Passed May 15, 1930 and Raised Jun 19, 1930. (Masonic Info via Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

62. James Peter ROBERTSON VC 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium [RN 552665. 27th Bn CEF. Nova Scotia. VC] B Oct 26, 1883, Albion Mines (now Stellarton), Pictou, NS. In 1887 his family moved to Springhill, NS where he received his education. In 1899 the family moved to Medicine Hat, AB where James Peter joined the CPR and worked his way up to engineer. On Jun 14, 1915, at McLeod, AB, he enlisted in the Canadian Mounted Rifles and later, in England, transferred to the 27th (City of Winnipeg) Battalion. As Corporal Colin Barron of the 3rd Bn (see entry #3) was destroying and taking German prisoners at Vine Cottage in the Belgian village of Passchendaele, Private James Robertson was attacking a German machine gun in another part of the destroyed town. After taking the Germans prisoner and holding their machine gun, Robertson led the actual charge into Passchendaele itself. Finding two of his men were wounded on the field he returned to them and rescued both, being killed in the process. D Nov 6, 1917 and buried in Tyne Cot Commonwealth War Cemetery, Passchendaele. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

63. Charles Smith RUTHERFORD VC Aug 1918 Monchy, France [RN 32812. 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles. Ontario. VC, MC, MM] B Jan 9, 1892, on the family farm near Colborne, ON and attended local schools and worked on the farm. On Mar 2, 1916 he enlisted at Toronto and was placed in the Queen’s Own Rifles and was subsequently posted to the 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles and served in France. As a sergeant he was awarded the MM and after being commissioned as a Lieutenant he earned the MC. In the vanguard of a Canadian attack in the Battle of the Scarpe in August, 1918, he led his platoon, accompanied by a tank, on a German machine-gun pillbox and captured it, following this action with an identical successful attack on a second pillbox, which allowed his Battalion to advance and secure its objectives. For this action he was awarded the VC. In the postwar period he served as Sergeant-at-arms of the Ontario Legislature (1934-40) and during WWII with the veterans Guard of Canada where he was promoted to Captain. He was the last surviving WWI VC recipient. D Jun 11, 1989, Ottawa and is burned at the Union Cemetery, Colborne, ON. (Sources: Wikipedia; LAC-CEF.)

64. Francis Alexander Caron SCRIMGER VC Apr 1915 St. Julien, Belgium [No RN. Canadian Army Medical Corps. Quebec. VC] B Feb 10, 1881, Montreal, QC. After attending local schools, he graduated as a doctor from McGill University in 1905. In prewar practice he served as medical officer of the Montreal Heavy Brigade. Enlisted Sep 23, 1914 at Valcartier, QC and was commissioned as a Captain, becoming the first medical officer of the 14th Battalion (Royal Montreal Regiment) and accompanying it to France. When the 14th Bn was assigned to the lines at Ypres, Belgium (the Second Battle, April 1915), He set up an Advanced Dressing Station at Shelltrap Farm. Ammunition was stored nearby and the area became an artillery target for the Germans. As the firing intensified Scrimger organized an evacuation of 147

wounded. One wounded officer, Captain H. F. McDonald could not be easily moved because of head wounds and Captain Scrimger pulled him out of the building and carried him on his back to the Canadian lines. Captain Scrimger was himself wounded and he was later repatriated to England where he practiced at the Canadian Army Hospital, Ramsgate. He returned to Montreal with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel where, in 1936, he became Surgeon-in-Chief at the Royal Victoria Hospital. D Feb 13, 1937, Montreal, QC and is buried in Montreal (Mount Royal) Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

65. Robert SHANKLAND VC Oct 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium [RN 420933. 43rd Bn CEF. Manitoba. VC, DCM] B Oct 10, 1887, Ayr, Scotland. He was the son of a railroad guard and his first job was as a clerk in the stationmaster’s office. He came to Winnipeg 1910 and worked as assistant cashier at the for the Crescent Creamery Company. On Dec 21, 1914, he enlisted at Winnipeg as a private in the 43rd (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) Battalion and accompanied his unit to the Western Front. He was awarded the DCM in 1916 for his actions at Sanctuary Wood and was later commissioned in the Battalion. He was awarded the VC for his actions on October 26, 1917 as a Company Lieutenant at Passchendaele. Leading his platoon against a major hill overlooking the Belgian town he saw that the units on his right and left were forced to withdraw slowly, leaving the 43rd exposed. He returned to Battalion HQ, explained the situation, defined a plan to counter the situation, and returned to his company to lead a counterattack. One of the attacking units, the 52nd, was commanded by another Manitoban, Christopher O’Kelly (see entry #53) whose unit was able to retake a vacated position, rout an exposed advancing German column and then destroy six pillboxes, capturing 100 Germans. After the war Lieutenant Shankland returned to Winnipeg and served as secretary-manager for several firms as well as remaining in the Militia (the Cameron Highlanders). He later moved to Victoria and joined the Canadian Scottish Regiment. In WWII he re-enlisted and held the rank of Major. He was considered too old for active combat and he was appointed Camp Commandant of the Canadian Army Headquarters in England. In 1946 he took his discharge and returned to Vancouver where he served as secretary of a Securities firm. D Jan 20, 1968, Shaughnessy, Vancouver and his ashes were scattered at Mountain View Cemetery. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF) He was a member of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 204 SC, Ayr, Scotland (Initiated Aug 16, 1901, Passed Aug 30, 1909 and Raised Sep 13, 1909). A search of the records of the Grand Lodges of Manitoba and British Columbia and Yukon, shows no applications from him to affiliate with any Lodges there. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre, Appendix “M” Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross, item #132; R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Librarian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba; V.W.Bro. Trevor W. McKeown, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon.)

66. Ellis Wellwood SIFTON VC Mar 1917 Neuville-St.-Vaast (Vimy), France [RN 53730. 18th Bn CEF. Ontario. VC] B Oct 12, 1891, Wallacetown, ON, attended local schools and took up the profession of farming. He enlisted on Oct 23, 1914 at St. Thomas, where he was initially taken into the St. Thomas Regiment. He later transferred to the 18th Battalion (Ontario) and proceeded overseas where he served as a transport driver. He was promoted to Lance Sergeant in France. In the April 1917 attack on Vimy Ridge the Battalion overran the first German defensive line but was then held up by a machine gun emplacement which Sifton 148

destroyed with grenades. Sifton held the position until more Canadians came forward but during a German counterattack (which was repulsed) he was killed. D March 1917 and is buried in the Lichfield Crater Cemetery, near Neuville-Saint-Vaast, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

67. John Alexander SINTON VC Jan 1916 Orah Ruins, Mesopotamia [No Canadian RN. Indian Medical Service. British Columbia. VC, OBE, FRS, DL, Order of St. George (4th class)] B Dec 2, 1884, in Victoria BC. In 1890 the family returned to Ulster where he was educated and read Medicine at Queen’s University, Belfast, where he graduated in 1908 as first in his year. He also received degrees from Cambridge (1910) and Liverpool (1911). He joined the Indian Medical Service in 1911, coming first in the entrance exams. Before taking up a post he was seconded as the Queen’s University research scholar to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He was a Captain in the Indian Medical Service, Indian Army. On Jan 21, 1916, at the Orah Ruins in Mesopotamia, he attended to the wounded under very heavy fire even though he was wounded in the action and received the VC in recognition of his actions. In 1921 he transferred from the military to the civil branch of the IMS, with which he served until 1936. His medical career is filled with information on his research into malaria (he was the first Director of the malaria survey of India) and later he became wall known as an advisor in the area in Britain and various Commonwealth countries. After retirement he served as High Sherriff of Tyrone. D Mar 25, 1956 at Slaghtfreedan Lodge, Cookstown, County Tyrone and is buried in Claggan Presbyterian Cemetery in Cookstown. (Sources: Wikipedia.)

68. Robert SPALL VC 1918 Parvillers, France [RN 475212. Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry. Manitoba. VC] B Mar 5, 1890, Suffolk, England. No details on his arrival in Canada or his activities are known. On Jul 28, 1915 at Winnipeg he joined the 90th (90th Rifles) Battalion (aka Winnipeg Rifles56) and was later transferred to the PPCLI after his arrival in France. During the August 1918 offensive, Spall’s platoon became separated from the regiment at Parvillers and under heavy fire. He led a spirited defence and counterattack and died in the fighting. D Aug 12-13, 1918 and has no known grave. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

69. Harcus STRACHAN VC Nov 1917 Masnieres, France [RN 15585. Fort Garry Horse. Manitoba. VC] B 1889 in Barrowstounness, West Lothian, Scotland and educated in local schools and was a graduate of the University of Edinburgh. He emigrated to Canada but nothing of his prewar life is known. He enlisted on Jul 15, 1915 at Canterbury, England. His Canadian

56 Formed in 1893 by Bro. Lt.-Col. William Nassau Kennedy. Brother Kennedy had been initiated into Peterborough Lodge, No. 155 GRC, Peterborough on June 12, 1867. He had taken militia training for several years and at the time of the Metis resistance in 1869, he was Captain in the 57th (Peterborough) Battalion of Infantry. He was selected to fill a vacancy on the Red River Expedition commanded by Col. Joseph Garnet Wolseley. At the end of hostilities he remained in Winnipeg and affiliated with Prince Rupert Lodge at Fort Garry. He worked hard for an independent Grand Lodge and at its formation was elected as the first deputy Grand Master (1875-76) and the second Grand Master (1876-77). On November 8, 1893, the 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles was formed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Nassau Kennedy and the Battalion fought at Fish Creek and Batoche in the North-West Rebellion of 1885. 149

military record indicates that he was assigned to the Fort Garry Horse and served as a Trooper, Lance Corporal, Corporal, Lance Sergeant, Sergeant and Lieutenant. Immediately after Passchendaele the Canadian Corps returned to the Lens front and trench stalemate with one exception: a tank attack to seize the textile town of Cambrai. Unfortunately the tanks got well ahead of the infantry and an order to all tanks and horse cavalry to remain west of the Sensee River canal at Cambrai was not received by B Company of the Fort Garry Horse which advanced an unplanned four miles beyond the enemy lines. The Company commander being killed in the fighting Lieutenant Harcus Strachan assumed command and to cover a planned retreat westwards their last five horses were stampeded against the Germans. During the retreat on foot the company fought and managed to destroy a gun battery, kill 100 Germans and take another 15 as prisoners. By the time he received his VC, Lieutenant Strachan had been promoted to Captain and later the same year he was promoted to Major. Initially he returned to Scotland but in the postwar period he returned to Edmonton and entered the banking business. When WWII began, he re-enlisted in the 15th Alberta Horse and in 1940 was promoted Major of the South Alberta Regiment. In July 1940 he was made commanding officer of the Edmonton Fusiliers. After WWII he retired to Vancouver. D 1982 in Vancouver. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) In the early part of 1918 he visited Barrowstounness where he joined Douglas Lodge, No. 409 SC, Barrowstounness, and was Initiated Jan 22, 1918, Passed May 16, 1918 and Raised May 30, 1919. There is no evidence that he affiliated with any Canadian Lodge. (Sources: Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre listing of Masonic Holders of the Victoria Cross.)

70. James Edward TAIT VC Aug 1918 Amiens, France [RN No RN. 78th Bn CEF. North-West Territories. VC] B May 27, 1886, Dumfries, Scotland. Removed to Canada and was employed by a government survey company in the Kettle River District of the Northwest Territories. On Feb 4, 1916, he enlisted at Winnipeg and was placed in the 78th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers). It is not clear when he was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Battalion. He arrived in France in time to participate in the battle for Vimy Ridge. During the great 1918 offensive he was leading his men when assaulted by a concealed German machine- gun post. He assembled a group and led a charge which resulted in the capture of 12 machine-guns and 20 prisoners. Although mortally wounded in the action he led his men in a successful defence against a German counterattack. D Aug 11, 1918 and is buried in Fouquescourt British Military Cemetery, France. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC- CEF.)

71. Thomas Orde Lauder WILKINSON VC Jul 1916 La Boiselle, France [RN 28804. Loyal North Lancashire Regiment. Quebec. VC] (B Jun 29, 1894, Bridgnorth, Salop, England, where he excelled at school. He accompanied the family to Canada and on the outbreak of war he joined the 16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion which was raising its complement at Valcartier, Quebec. He was posted to England where he transferred to 3rd Brigade HQ on Jan 1, 1915, and later he accepted a commission in the 7th Battn. Loyal North Lancashire Regiment as a Lieutenant and a gunnery officer. During the Battle of the Somme, on July 5, 1916, he and two of his gunners held an attacking German force at bay until relieved. Later the same day he was killed in action. D Jul 15, 1916. (Sources: Wikipedia; LAC-CEF.) 150

72. John Francis YOUNG VC Sep 1918 Dury-Arras Sector, France [RN 177239. 87th Bn CEF. Quebec. VC] (B Jan 14, 1893, Kidderminster, England and emigrated to Canada prior to World War I. And worked as a packer for the Montreal tobacco company. On Oct 20, 1915 he enlisted at Montreal and was assigned to the 87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards). During the Sep 2, 1918 Canadian attack in the Arras Sector, the objective of the 87th Bn was the German held ridge at Drury. Ignoring the fighting and flying bullets, stretcher-bearer John Young administered to his men who were under fire and was forced several times to replenish his own supplies under fire. With the capture of the ridge objective, Young organized rescue parties and oversaw the treatment of many wounded. After the war he returned to Montreal. He later developed tuberculosis and was admitted to a sanatorium in Ste-Agathe. D Nov 7, 1929 and is buried in Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.)

73. Raphael Louis ZENGEL VC Mar 1918 Warvillers, France [RN 424252. 5th Bn CEF. Saskatchewan. VC, MM] B Nov 11, 1894, in Fairbault, Minnesota, and moved to Manitoba at an early age where he worked on a farm. On Jan 7, 1915 he enlisted at Virden, MB, and was placed in the 45th Battalion (Manitoba) but later transferred into the 5th Battalion (Western Cavalry). He was leading his platoon east of Warvillers in March 1918 when they were hit by machine-gun fire. Sgt. Zengel charged and overran the German position, putting it out of action. Wounded, he continued to direct the firing actions of the Battalion, helping secure a satisfactory close to the day’s fighting. After the war he moved to Rocky Mountain House, AB but there is no current information on his life after the war. D Feb 22, 1977 in Errington, BC. (Sources: Wikipedia; CGWP; LAC-CEF.) 151

Appendix 4

Masonic Honour Roll - Ontario

After the cessation of hostilities, Grand Lodge requested all Lodges to provide details on the members who had served the colours during World War I and who had died on active service at home and abroad. This table (published in the 1919 Annual Proceedings) indicates the results of that request: 457 Lodges participated and 19 showed no details on members who served and/or died on service. Of the 438 Lodges which replied with details, they showed that 7,360 members had served and 559 had died on service. This number of deaths is incorrect as it includes three brethren who belonged to more than one lodge and the correct number is 556. Lodges provided member names and dates of death (where known). Additional information from the Canadian Great War Project database is indicated in italics. There are some variations depending on source. Examples include full names instead of initials, soldiers were frequently moved and there are variations in units depending on dates served, and dates of death were not always certain and lodges may report “missing, presumed KIA” at the time. More accurate dates have been taken from CGWP data and ranks shown are those worn at time of death. One other important item is that many men died in unknown battles and places. Battlefield conditions were such that the military records frequently do not show place or even date of death.

Niagara Lodge, No. 2 GRC, Niagara-on-the-Lake [22 members served the colours] The following died in service: Gnr Longhurst Herbert #83679 4th Bde CFA May 14, 1917 Cpt Wright Edwin Bruce no RN 84th Bn Jan 2, 1919

Ancient St. John’s Lodge, No. 3 GRC, Kingston [69 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt-Col Duff Hew Ramsay no RN No. 5 Stat. Hosp. Feb 8, 1916 Lt Hazlett William George no RN 21st Bn Oct 24, 1918 Maj Mowat John McDonald no RN 4th Bn Oct 8, 1916

Sussex Lodge, No. 5 GRC, Brockville [28 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt Edwards Herbert Hamilton no RN 21st Bn May 11, 1918 Pte McKay Harold Clifford #63738 2nd Bn Sep 27, 1918 Maj Moore Edward Cecil Horatio no RN 38th Bn Apr 9, 1917 Vimy Ridge Cpl Wilson William Bruce #430314 3rd Pioneer Bn Sep 29, 1916

The Barton Lodge, No. 6, Hamilton [41 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt-Col Inksetter George Addison no RN 4th Div Engineers Oct 15, 1916 Lt Little James Hector no RN 20th Bn Apr 9, 1917 152

McCoy57 John Henry Cpt Taylor George Vallance no RN 2nd Div Ammo Col Nov 13, 1916

Union Lodge, No. 7 GRC, Grimsby [34 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj Kimmins Albert Edward no RN 1st Bn Apr 24, 1915 2nd Ypres Lt Jamieson Leonard Foster no RN Royal Field Arty Jun 27, 1918

Union Lodge, No. 9 GRC, Napanee [25 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt Baker Herbert Shorey #5556 9th Bn Apr 4, 1916 Royal Warwickshire Regt A/Bdr Corkill58 Edward Fair #304504 11th Bde CFA Nov 9, 1916 Martinpuich

Norfolk Lodge, No. 10 GRC, Simcoe [18 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt Paulin Arthur Hilton no RN 133rd Bn Mar 13, 1917 Pte Hutcheon Archibald William #141218 52nd Bn Oct 1, 1918

Moira Lodge, No. 11 GRC, Belleville [42 members served the colours] The following died in service: Gillespie A. W.

True Briton’s Lodge, No. 14 GRC, Perth [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

St. George’s Lodge, No. 15 GRC, St. Catharines [19 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Adie Harry Morton Ellis #55970 No. 8 Sqd RFC May 1, 1916

St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 16 GRC, Toronto [100 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Davis Reginald Neville Craig no RN 3rd Bn May 24, 1915 Lt Forsyth Gordon Oliver #491003 37th MG Coy Oct 11, 1918 Pte Hallas Richard Henry #57196 20th Bn Nov 24, 1915 LCpl Nugent Alfred George #9943 3rd Bn Jun 17, 1915

57 CGWP database lists two soldiers with the same name of John Henry McCoy. Lieutenant McCoy, no RN, a member of the 16th Battalion who died Jun 7, 1916 was the son of John and Florence McCoy of Hamilton. Private McCoy #77532, a member of the 30th Battalion whose date of death is unknown, whose next of kin is listed as John McCoy of Hamilton.

58 His CGWP database entry notes that at the time of enlistment he was a theological student at Queen’s University, Kingston. There is a further note explaining that “the Battery to which he belonged was in a position in the vicinity of Martinpuich on Nov 9, 1916, and the enemy had been shelling the position intermittently throughout the day. About 4:30 P. M. When the men were serving supper in the dugouts, a shell detonated on the roof and exploded inside the dugout which Acting Bombardier Corkill was in, instantly killing him.” 153

St. John’s, No. 17 GRC, Cobourg [38 members served the colours] The following died in service: QMSgt Fitzgerald William Ernest #2 2nd Heavy Bty Oct 27, 1918 Goodearl F. R.

Prince Edward Lodge, No. 18 GRC, Picton [13 members served the colours] None died service.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 20 GRC, London [34 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Fox William Harold no RN 1st Bn Oct 1, 1918 2Lt Lance William George no RN No. 19 Sqd RFC Aug 13, 1918 Pte McAllister Gabriel #803088 15th Bn Apr 10, 1917 Robson T. C.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 21A, Vankleek Hill [3 members served the colours] None died in service.

King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 22 GRC, Toronto [57 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pilcher A. C. Pte Smith Albert Edward #766495 3rd Bn Apr 25, 1917

Richmond Lodge, No. 23 GRC, Richmond Hill [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

St. Francis Lodge, No. 24 GRC, Smiths Falls [7 members served the colours] None died in service.

Ionic Lodge, No. 25 GRC, Toronto [73 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Burrows Bruce Hosmer Acton no RN 4th Div Engs Nov 25, 1916 Lt Garrow John Ure no RN 4th CMR Sep 12, 1916 Poiziers Lt Hoyles Hugh Lewis no RN 42nd Bn Aug 12, 1918 Maj Langstaff59 James Miles no RN 78th Bn Mar 1, 1917 Lt Pearce Walter King no RN 1st CMR Sep 15, 1916 Capt Ryerson George Crowther no RN 3rd Bn Apr 23, 1915 St. Julien (2nd Ypres)

59 CGWP database entry notes the following: “Miles Langstaff was somewhat of a protege, as published in the Richmond Hill Liberal. He obtained his entrance at age 9, matriculated with seven scholarships and took the highest standing in fourteen years in the British Empire in the exams for the British Actuarial Society. Headed his class each year at Osgoode Hall and took the gold medal on graduation. Authored a book on insurance which became a major reference book throughout the British Empire and the USA. 154

Ontario Lodge, No. 26 GRC, Port Hope [16 members served the colours] The following died in service: Edward G.

Lodge of Strict Observance, No. 27 GRC, Hamilton [63 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sgt Dawson60 Robert Trueman #1054448 24th Bn Lt Hillis Charles Russell no RN 116th Bn Feb 25, 1918 Avion, France Col Moore Edmund Evelyn Wentworth no RN 1st Depot Bn Apr 6, 1917 BC Regt Pte Reid Peter #407016 1st Bn Jun 13, 1916 Lt-Col Stewart Walter Wilson no RN 1st MG Coy Apr 11, 1917 Lt Parke George Robinson no RN 18th Bn Mar 24, 1917

Mount Zion Lodge, No. 28 GRC, Kemptville No Return submitted

United Lodge, No. 29 GRC, Brighton [27 members served the colours] The following died in service: Brown R. J. Pte Becker Charles Earl Valleau #2003534 CASC Reinforcements July 4, 1918

Composite Lodge, No. 30 GRC, Whitby [21 members served the colours] None died in service.

Jerusalem Lodge, No. 31 GRC, Bowmanville [35 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj McLaughlin Arthur Edward no RN 2nd Bn Sep 11, 1916 Lt Butson William George no RN 4th CMR Apr 10, 1917 Vimy Ridge

Amity Lodge, No. 32 GRC, Dunnville [20 members served the colours] None died in service.

Maitland Lodge, No. 33 GRC, Goderich [26 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj Sale Charles Edward no RN 18th Bn Jan 17, 1916 Vierstraat (Lys Salient) Lt Nisbet Alexander Goodwin no RN 46th Bn Apr 10, 1917 Lt Adams Alfred Roy #90801 3rd Bde CFA Oct 17, 1918 Amiens

60 His name is reported in the 1919 Annual Proceedings as “R. J. Dawson” and it is possible that there may well be another soldier who was a member of The Lodge of Strict Observance No. 27. Sergeant Dawson #1054448 is reported on the CGWP database as having survived the war. 155

Thistle Lodge, No. 34 GRC, Amherstburg [13 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Shepley Joseph Gore no RN Cdn Eng Trng Depot Oct 26, 1918

St. John’s Lodge, No. 35 GRC, Cayuga [6 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt-Col Baxter Edwy Sutherland no RN 114th Bn Feb 15, 1916 died of Typhoid Fever after return to Canada as CO of the Haldimand Rifles Lt Howard Charles Matthew no RN 58th Bn Oct 8, 1916 Regina Trench Pte McPhail Daniel 237336 3rd Bn Sep 20, 1917

King Hiram Lodge, No. 37 GRC, Ingersoll [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Trent Lodge, No. 38 GRC, Trenton [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Sgt Paton Andrew #412082 38th Bn Sep 29, 1918 Cpt Ireland, MD Richard Alfred no RN 5th CMR Oct 30, 1917 Passchendaele

Mount Zion, No. 39 GRC, Brooklin [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 40 GRC, Hamilton [55 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpl McCall Neil #174894 15th MG Coy Oct 24, 1917 Lt Thompson, MD Charles Everett no RN CAMC Feb 3, 1917 Lt Weber George Roy no RN 116th Bn Jul 23, 1917

St. George’s Lodge, No. 41 GRC, Kingston [18 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. George’s Lodge, No. 42 GRC, London [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Evans J.

King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 43 GRC, Woodstock [48 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Carruthers J. Lt Johnson Percy Edward no RN 38th Bn Jun 28, 1917 Ross W.

St. Thomas Lodge, No. 44 GRC, St. Thomas [42 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Davies William Griffith #54292 18th Bn Apr 13, 1916 St. Eloi Drvr Thomson Clinton Charles Edward #310629 9th Bde CFA Apr 29, 1917 156

Snelgrove I. T. P. Pte Anderson Robert James #166027 4th Div Oct 5, 1918

Brant Lodge, No. 45 GRC, Brantford [39 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Fraser61 Finlay David no RN 4th Bn Aug 12, 1916 McLellan L. Holdsworth P. A.

Wellington Lodge, No. 46 GRC, Chatham [25 members served the colours.] The following were killed in service: Smith G. L. Galagher G. N. Mathews R. T. Pte Welsh George William #123082 21st Bn Nov 11, 1917

Great Western Lodge, No. 47 GRC, Windsor [61 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Cole Walter Frank no RN 18th Bn Aug 28, 1918 Pte Flemington Edwin Ross #3130895 44th Bn Sep 28, 1918

Madoc Lodge, No. 48 GRC, Madoc [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: VanKleck S. B.

Consecon Lodge, No. 50 GRC, Consecon [7 members served the colours. None died in service.

Dalhousie Lodge, No. 52 GRC, Ottawa [52 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Maj Dillon, MD William Pearson no RN No. 2 Gen Hosp May 4, 1915 Treport Salter W. F.

Vaughan Lodge, No. 54 GRC, Maple [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Merrickville Lodge, No. 55 GRC, Merrickville [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

61 CGWP database entry notes that “He was a Mason, Brant Lodge #45, in Ontario, Canada.” It also reports that he was an instructor at the Canadian Training Camp, Shorncliffe, Kent and transferred to France on Jun 30, 1916, where “He died in #14 General Hospital located in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France following appendicitis and surgery.” 157

Victoria Lodge, No. 56 GRC, Sarnia [39 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Bentley62 David Walter Lt Henderson William A. No RN RAMC undated Lt Cowan Stewart no RN 24th Bn Oct 1, 1916

Harmony Lodge, No. 57 GRC, Binbrook [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Doric Lodge, No. 58 GRC, Ottawa [39 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Campbell A. Cpt Nichols Raymond William no RN 102nd Bn Oct 23, 1916 Gnr Wigmore Percy Nordquist #1075053 13th Bde CFA Sep 4, 1918

Acacia Lodge, No. 61 GRC, Hamilton [64 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Laurie S. M. Lt Baines Egerton Bancks no RN 4th Bn Jul 27, 1916 Lt Lyon Donald no RN 14th MG Coy Nov 10, 1917 Bailey A. #406028 unspecified Gnr Moran Henry Conrad #341898 6th Bde CFA May 18, 1917

St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 62 GRC, Caledonia [11 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 63 GRC, Carleton Place [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Edwards Stearne Tighe no RN 209th Sqd RAF Nov 2, 191863

Kilwinning Lodge, No. 64 GRC, London [31 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Maj Ashplant William Norman64 no RN 1st Bn Sep 22, 1916

Rehoboam Lodge, No. 65 GRC, Toronto [37 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Addison Frank Gibson #404751 1st Bn Oct 1, 1918 2Lt Needs Charles Richard no RN RFC Feb 27, 1917

62 There is no CGWP database entry but we have a copy of his enlistment papers from LAC-CEF database which indicates that he was born in Sarnia on Jan 7, 1900 and enlisted on Aug 26, 1915 in Southampton, England.

63 Date of death is problematic. The CGWP database entry says he was injured in a crash on Nov 12, 1918 and died ten days later.

64 CGWP database entry notes that he was a civil engineer, the son of William and Henrietta Ashplant of Haverhill, Suffolk. He was a life member of the Corona Club of Westminster and had served as Chief (and Assistant) Engineer in various places in South Africa, Bahamas, Southern Nigeria and more recently as City Engineer for London Ontario. 158

Durham Lodge, No. 66 GRC, Newcastle [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Air Mech Parker William Downer #71420 RAF Oct 23, 1918 Smith Noden George Henry #805413 13th Bde CFA Jul 4, 1918

St. John’s Lodge, No. 68 GRC, Ingersoll [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Neill James Vance #675493 21st Bn Aug 15, 1917

Stirling Lodge, No. 69 GRC, Stirling [15 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Runnalls Ernest Garfield #636559 121st Bn Aug 16, 1918

Alma Lodge, No. 72 GRC, Galt [25 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Thompson H. C.

St. James’ Lodge, No. 73 GRC, St. Marys [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.]

St. James’ Lodge, No. 74 GRC, South Augusta [3 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 75 GRC, Toronto [30 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Spr Chapman George Granville Garfield #500375 2nd Army Troops May 31, 1917 Coy Engineers

Oxford Lodge, No. 76 GRC, Woodstock [30 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Dent James Harrison no RN 1st Bn Nov 6, 1917 Hall R. M. Thomson W. C.

Faithful Brethren Lodge, No. 77 GRC, Lindsay [40 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Naysmith J. T. Mitchell D. J. Maj Williams Arthur James no RN RCR Aug 15, 1916 Anderson K.

King Hiram Lodge, No. 78 GRC, Tillsonburg [19 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Berry John #101581 49th Bn Sep 16, 1916 Pte Fewster William Robert #353733 unspecified unit Nov 2, 1918

Simcoe Lodge, No. 79 GRC, Bradford [6 members served the colours.] None died in service. 159

St. John’s Lodge, No. 81 GRC, Mount Brydges No return submitted.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 82 GRC, Paris [15 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Beaver Lodge, No. 83 GRC, Strathroy [20 members served the colours] The following died in service: Capt Jay Fred William no RN 1st Bn Jul 9, 1916 2Lt Sexton Edgar Zephania no RN RAF Nov 21, 191865

Clinton Lodge, No. 84 GRC, Clinton [13 members served the colours] The following died in service: Mair J. A.

Rising Sun Lodge, No. 85 GRC, Athens [8 members served the colours] The following died in service: Scott L. Abrahams D. E.

Wilson Lodge, No. 86 GRC, Toronto [51 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Wade H. Emmerson J. H. Cooper C. A. Bateson H. Duthie G.

Markham Union Lodge, No. 87 GRC, Markham [14 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. George’s Lodge, No. 88 GRC, Owen Sound [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Campbell J. D.

Manito Lodge, No. 90 GRC, Collingwood [22 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Colborne Lodge, No, 91 GRC, Colborne [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Onyon Edward Maxwell #814169 87th Bn Apr 9, 1917

65 CGWP database notes that he died of a fractured skull sustained in an aeroplane accident at Camp Borden (Ontario Vital Statistics Death Registration #035339). 160

Cataraqui Lodge, No. 92 GRC, Kingston [63 members served the colours.] The following died in service: ERA2 Brian Frederick #20837 HMCS Guelph66 Nov 8, 1918 Lawrence C. V. Sinclair A.

Northern Light Lodge, No. 93 GRC, Kincardine [14 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. Mark’s Lodge, No. 94 GRC, Port Stanley [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Corinthian Lodge, No. 96 GRC, Barrie [22 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt. Grandy67 Frederick Norman no RN 20th Bn Aug 28, 1918

Sharon Lodge, No. 97 GRC, Queensville [11 members served the colours.] None died in service.

True Blue Lodge, No. 98 GRC, Bolton [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Miller68 A. A. #770283 unspecified unknown

Tuscan Lodge, No. 99 GRC, Newmarket [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Valley Lodge, No. 100 GRC, Dundas [30 Members served the colours.] The following died in service: Knowles R. Pte Vanatter J. W. #690249 52nd Bn Apr 17, 1917

Corinthian Lodge, No. 101 GRC, Peterborough [24 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Bennett G. W. Spr Revell George Ernest #5190 1st Div Engineers Jun 15, 1915

Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 103 GRC, St. Catharines [35 members joined the colours.] The following died in service: McKinlay A. F.

66 The first HMCS Guelph was commissioned as a Flower class corvette in World War II and used in convoy duty on the North Atlantic. This entry may refer to a shore establishment at Kingston.

67 CGWP notes indicate that Lt. Grandy belonged to the 35th Regiment Simcoe Foresters Active Militia and was a Cadet Instructor at Barrie Collegiate Institute 1914-15 prior to his enlistment on Mar 2, 1916.

68 Alfred Annis Miller’s CGWP Soldier Detail entry is not available online. There is only his LAC-CEF enlistment paper. We have no details of his service record at the present time. 161

Dale E. H. Lt Woodruff Samuel De Veaux no RN 116th Bn Jul 13, 1918

St. John’s Lodge, No. 104 GRC, Norwich [15 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Sgt Beattie Clarke William #126038 44th Bn Oct 25, 1916

St. Mark’s Lodge, No. 105, Niagara Falls [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Rothchilds J.

Burford Lodge, No. 106 GRC, Burford No Return submitted

St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 107 GRC, Lambeth [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Blenheim Lodge, No. 108, Princetown [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Hughes H.L.

Albion Lodge, No. 109 GRC, Harrowsmith [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Davey J. H.

Central Lodge, No. 110 GRC, Prescott [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Wilson Lodge, No. 113 GRC, Waterford [26 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Hope Lodge, No. 114 GRC, Port Hope [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Elliott H. L. Gnr Wilson Lionel Benjamin #3060216 73rd Bn Oct 13, 1918 (enroute to Europe he succumbed to influenza and was buried at sea) Pte Fogarty Harold Cecil #228306 198th Bn Aug 27, 1918

Ivy Lodge, No. 115 GRC, Beamsville [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Elliott H. H. Eckhard A. L.

Cassia Lodge, No. 114 GRC, Thedford [4 members served the colours.] None died in service

Union Lodge, No. 118 GRC, Schomberg No Return submitted 162

Maple Lodge, No. 119 GRC, Bath [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Warren Lodge, No. 120 GRC, Fingal [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cascadden E.

Doric Lodge, No. 121 GRC, Brantford [55 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McDonald E. Lt Cockshutt Harvey Watt no RN 4th CMR Jun 2, 1916 Mount Sorrel, Sanctuary Wood Matthews A. J. Gnr Jex Alfred William #3232113 70th Bty CFA Apr 5, 1918 Matthews A. D. Roberts N. F. Burnston M.

Renfrew Lodge, No. 122 GRC, Renfrew [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Anderson A. W.

Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville [49 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Hudson W. H. Pte Burrows Clifford Robert #475496 PPCLI Jun 2, 1916 Mount Sorrel, Sanctuary Wood Lt Fennell Thomas Harold no RN 2nd CMR May 17, 1916 Lt Allen Bertram Kerr no RN 21st Bn Sep 15, 1916

Cornwall Lodge, No. 125 GRC, Cornwall [17 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Golden Rule Lodge, No. 126 GRC, Campbellford [22 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Doxsee William John no RN 2nd Bn Apr 26, 1915 Maj Bonnycastle Richard Henry no RN No. 4 Training Depot Oct 7, 1917 Maj Armour, MD Robert Stanley #912 RAMC Dec 1, 1918 Pte Salter William John #814371 9th MG Coy Oct 26, 1917 Stephens J. E.

Franck Lodge, No. 127 GRC, Frankford [ 14 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Pembroke Lodge, No. 128 GRC, Pembroke [26 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Munro William Francis #159673 4th CMR Oct 1, 1916 Wilson W. B. 163

Rising Sun Lodge, No. 129 GRC, Aurora [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Malloy H. Rutledge J. Gnr Hill John Emerson #83669 4th Bde CFA Mar 28, 1916

St. Lawrence Lodge, No. 131 GRC, Southampton [14 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Lebanon Forest Lodge, No. 133 GRC, Exeter [6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. Clair Lodge, No. 135 GRC, Milton [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Belt James Edwin Devey no RN 20th Bn Jun 28, 1916 Cpt Robertson Charles Eric no RN 11 Sqd RFC Jul 12, 1917

Richardson Lodge, No. 136 GRC, Stouffville [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Rae J. J.

Pythagoras Lodge, No. 137 GRC, Meaford [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Finley69 Charles Arthur #193485 58th Bn Oct 26, 1917 Wieltje (2nd Ypres)

Lebanon Lodge, No. 139 GRC, [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Hogarth A. F.

Malahide Lodge, No. 140 GRC, Aylmer [11 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Tudor Lodge, No. 141 GRC, Mitchell [12 members service the colours.] None died in service.

Excelsior Lodge, No. 142 GRC, Morrisburg [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Vining R. L.

Friendly Brothers’ Lodge, No. 143 GRC, Iroquois [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Thwait W. Goudie J.

69 CGWP notes contain a CEF “Circumstances of Death Register” which indicates “While leading his platoon during an attack at Bellevue Spur, Passchendaele, he was instantly killed.” 164

Tecumseh Lodge, No. 144 GRC, Stratford [40 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Loughrin S. M. Lt Voyce Thomas Archibald no RN 1st Bn Jul 9, 1916 Sgt McIntosh Oliver James #830879 44th Bn Apr 10, 1917 Pte McDonald James Alexander #126365 46th Bn Sep 2, 1918 Geddes J. R. Pte Hayter Edward Thomas #127173 42nd Bn Sep 16, 1916 Pte McDermid John Thomas #1045517 241st Bn Apr 28, 1917

J. B. Hall Lodge, No. 145 GRC, Millbrook [11 members served the colours.] Non died in service.

Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 146 GRC, Newburgh [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt-Col Duff Hew Ramsay no RN No. 5 Stationary Feb 8, 1916 Hospital Cairo, Egypt Sgt Wartman Alvin Edmund #1783 5th Field Ambulance Oct 16, 1916 Gnr Parliament Howard Earl #324955 14th Bde CFA Feb 27, 1917

Mississippi Lodge, No. 147 GRC, Almonte [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Sinclair W. J.

Civil Service Lodge, No. 148 GRC, Ottawa [72 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cameron W. A. Lt Longman John Miller 87th Bn Oct 21, 1916 Tyler G. E.

Erie Lodge, No. 149 GRC, Port Dover [6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Grand River Lodge, No. 151 GRC, Kitchener [13 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Burns Lodge, No. 153 GRC, Wyoming [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McMath A. S.

Irving Lodge, No. 154 GRC, Lucan [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Haskett C.

Peterborough Lodge, No. 155 GRC, Peterborough [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Cameron Charles Ross no RN 2nd Bn Aug 30, 1918 Pte Targett William Herbert #195274 7th Bn Oct 12, 1918 165

York Lodge, No. 156 GRC, Toronto [39 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Wickson Edwin Arthur no RN 34th Kite Balloon Sect Jun 16, 1917 Cpt Pitts Frederick no RN 58th Bn Jun 28, 1917 Pte Clarke Alfred George #766156 19th Bn Aug 8, 1918 Flight Avery George Gladstone no RN RNAS May 14, 1915 Sub-Lt

Simpson Lodge, No. 157 GRC, Newboro [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Tett Arthur Hopkins no RN 5th Res Bn Aug 26, 1917

Alexandra Lodge, No. 158 GRC, Oil Springs [3 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Goodwood Lodge, No. 159 GRC, Richmond [10 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Percy Lodge, No. 161 GRC, Warkworth [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Forest Lodge, No. 162 GRC, Wroxeter No Return submitted

Star in the East Lodge, No. 164 GRC, Wellington [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Burlington Lodge, No. 165 GRC, Burlington [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Hunter S. A.

Wentworth Lodge, No. 166 GRC, Stoney Creek [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Maj Kimmins70 Albert Edward no RN 1st Bn Apr 24, 1915 2nd Ypres Gnr Lee Harry Erland #109447 1st Cdn MG Bde Sep 17, 1916 (Motorized)

Merritt Lodge, No. 168 GRC, Welland [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Boyle W. P.

McNab Lodge, No. 169 GRC, Port Colborne [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

70 CGWP Soldier Detail notes that he had 14 years’ prior military experience with the Wentworth 77th Regiment (Militia). The 77th had raised a group of men as volunteers for the CEF in August 1914 which were then transferred into the 1st Battalion CEF while in training at Valcartier. 166

Britannia Lodge, No 170 GRC, Seaforth [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Archibald Andrew William #404253 14th MG Coy Apr 4, 1917 St. Eloi Lt Cluff Francis Nicholas no RN 49th Bn Aug 28, 1918 Pte Weiland Frank #3036046 Cdn MG Corps Oct 15, 1918

Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 171, GRC, Lawrence Station No Return submitted

Ayr Lodge, Bo. 172 GRC, Ayr [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Styles A. Pte Henderson Thomas Beattie #101278 49th Bn Aug 21, 1916

Walsingham Lodge, No. 174 GRC, Port Rowan [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

The Builders Lodge, No. 177 GRC, Ottawa [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Parr C. H.

Plattsville Lodge, No. 178 GRC, Plattsville [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Hasting J. L. MacKenzie G. O.

Speed Lodge, No. 180 GRC, Guelph [29 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Juhlin Ernest Axem Wilhelm #127388 54th Bn Dec 1, 1916

Oriental Lodge, No. 181 GRC, Port Burwell [3 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Eakins Albert Graham no RN 1st CMR Jan 1, 1918

Old Light Lodge, No. 184 GRC, Lucknow [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Enniskillen Lodge, No. 185 GRC, York [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpl Martindale Edwin Featherstone #A/26643 10th Bn Jan 23, 1918

Plantagenet Lodge, No. 186 GRC, Riceville [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Wight Claud Eugene #474210 46th Bn Aug 28, 1918

Belmont Lodge, No. 190 GRC, Belmont [7 members served the colours.] None died in service. 167

Orillia Lodge, No. 192 GRC, Orillia [40 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Barry Albert Ernest #853164 19th Bn Aug 28, 1918

Scotland Lodge, No. 193 GRC, Scotland [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Petrolia Lodge, No. 194 GRC, Petrolia [17 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Tuscan Lodge, No. 195 GRC, London [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Madawaska Lodge, No. 196 GRC, Arnprior [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Stevens C. B.

Saugeen Lodge, No. 197 GRC, Walkerton [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. Alban’s Lodge, No. 200 GRC, Mt. Forest No Return submitted

Leeds Lodge, No. 201 GRC, Gananoque [29 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Brown William Elmer no RN 2nd Bn The Duke May 18, 1918 of Wellington’s (West Riding) Regiment Clifford N. J.

Irvine Lodge, No. 203 GRC, Elora [18 members served the colours.] None died in service.

New Dominion Lodge, No. 205 GRC, New Hamburg No Return submitted

Lancaster Lodge, No. 207 GRC, Lancaster No Return submitted

Evergreen Lodge, No. 209 GRC, Lanark [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Brown T. P.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 209A GRC, London [56 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Askey Benjamin #823660 142nd Bn Dec 21, 1917 Sgt Draper William #823112 2nd Bn Mar 29, 1918 Pte Yeo Louis Harvey #225904 78th Bn Apr 12, 1917

Lake Lodge, No. 210 GRC, Ameliasburg [4 members served the colours.] None died in service. 168

Harris Lodge, No. 216 GRC, Orangeville [20 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt McGuire Harry Boulton no RN 4th Bn Apr 24, 191571

Frederick Lodge, No. 217 GRC, Delhi [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Stevenson Lodge, No. 218 GRC, Toronto [31 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Connor William Joseph Sanderson no RN 3rd Bde CFA Jul 5, 1916 Grigsny C. Stewart A. Walsh W. J.

Credit Lodge, No. 219 GRC, Georgetown [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Leslie Edwin Thornton no RN 38th Bn Nov 30, 1916 Died of wounds at No. 2 Red Cross Hospital, Rouen

Zeredatha Lodge, No. 220 GRC, Uxbridge [15 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt-Col Sharpe72 Samuel Simpson no RN 116th Bn

Mountain Lodge, No. 221 GRC, Thorold [21 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Marmora Lodge, No. 222 GRC, Marmora [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Norwood Lodge, No. 223 GRC, Norwood [19 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Pearce Russell S. #79294 31st Bn Dec 27, 1915 Kemmel Rathwell J. F.

Zurich Lodge, No. 224 GRC, Hensall [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Wilson William Bell no RN 47th Bn Aug 9, 1918

71 Lt. McGuire had two brothers who also served the colours: 2nd Lieutenant Robert Blayney McGuire died on Apr 30, 1917 while serving with the 23rd Battn, Middlesex Regiment (BEF) and the youngest of the three brothers, Pte. William Horace McGuire, #207390, served in the 97th Battn (CEF) and survived the war.

72 Elected as MP for Ontario North riding on Jan 20, 1909 and was still “the sitting member” at the time of death on May 28, 1918 which occurred at “a Montreal, Quebec hospital while returning home to Toronto on convalescent leave after suffering a “nervous breakdown” [CGWP soldier notes]. 169

Bernard Lodge, No. 225 GRC, Listowel [15 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Saunders H. C.

Prince Arthur Lodge, No. 228 GRC, Odessa [9 members served the colours. None died in service.

Ionic Lodge, No. 229 GRC, Brampton [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Bull J. H.

Kerr Lodge, No. 230 GRC, Barrie [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Ferguson Cecil #853126 12th Res Bn Oct 13, 1918 Paling J. F. Lt West Randolph Hadden Arnold no RN Borden’s Motor Mar 24, 1918 MG Bty

Lodge of Fidelity, No. 231 GRC, Ottawa [44 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Cameron Lodge, No. 232 GRC, Dutton [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Doric Lodge, No. 233 GRC, Parkhill [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: L/Cpl McColl John Duncan #27086 15th Bn Apr 24, 1915 Pte Roberts Roger Stanley #802403 125th Bn Mar 25, 1917 Pte Semple William James #622160 1st CMR Jun 5, 1916

Beaver Lodge, No. 234 GRC, Clarksburg [2 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Laidlaw Henry Douglas #475504 PPCLI Apr 19, 1916

Aldworth Lodge, No. 235 GRC, Paisley [5 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Jack73 Henry #651736 160th Bn Jul 18, 1918 Nieuville, Vitasse, France McWhinney R.

Manitoba Lodge, No. 236 GRC, Cookstown [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Rainey H. Lt Duff Calvin Fraser Wallace No RN 54th Bn Aug 8, 1918

73 CGWP soldier notes advises that the 160th Battalion was broken up in February 1918 and Private Jack was one of many soldiers assigned to the 18th Battalion where he was when killed. 170

Vienna Lodge, No. 237 GRC, Vienna [1 members served the colours.] None died in service.]

Havelock Lodge, No. 238 GRC, Watford [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Tweed Lodge, No. 239 GRC, Tweed [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Sills George Luther no RN CAMC Jun 27, 1918 Hospital Ship LLandovery Castle74

Macoy Lodge, No. 242 GRC, Mallorytown [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Cook75 Frederick Ford #639563 PPCLI Nov 16, 1918 Mons

St. George Lodge, No. 243 GRC, St. George [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Tecumseh Lodge, No. 245 GRC, Thamesville [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Kain Roy Joseph no RN Cdn Chaplain Svc Oct 17, 1918

Ashlar Lodge, No. 247 GRC, Toronto [66 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Miller A. A. Lt Holcroft Herbert Spencer no RN No. 2 Tunnelling Coy Jul 8, 1916 Pte Hollinger William James #514721 4th CMR Oct 30, 1918 Lt McTaggart Harry James no RN 20th Bn Sep 15, 1916 Cpt Muntz Herbert Gerard no RN 3rd Bn Apr 30, 1915 Ypres Pte Palmer Archibald Webb #285698 4th Bn Dec 17, 1917 Lt Robertson J. E. Williams A. O.

Caledonian Lodge, No. 249 GRC, Midland [20 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Norton C.

Thistle Lodge, No. 250 GRC, Embro [ 6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

74 See p 6.

75 CGWP soldiers notes indicates that Private Cook had joined the PPCLI in the field on Jan 28, 1918, was shell shocked on Aug 14, 1918 and poisoned by gas in the final advance on Mons on Nov 8, 1918. He died 8 days later. 171

Minden Lodge, No. 253 GRC, Kingston [44 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Pierce Benjamin Clifford no RN 4th CMR Apr 9, 1917 Vimy Ridge Milton C. MacKenzie T. W.

Clifton Lodge, No. 254 GRC, Niagara Falls [25 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Bottomley J. M. Macartney E. E. Lt Coulson Byard John Croswaite W. H.

Sydenham Lodge, No. 255 GRC, Dresden [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Farran’s Point Lodge, No. 256 GRC, Aultsville [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Shaver H. C.

Galt Lodge, No. 257 GRC, Galt [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Campbell J. J. Lockhart T. D.

Guelph Lodge, No. 258 GRC, Guelph [35 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Swift Percy Cecil Stirtivant #329972 9th Bde CFA Aug 13, 1918 Cpl Pether Richard #408181 75th Bn Sep 2, 1918

Springfield Lodge, No. 259 GRC, Springfield [19 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lawrence M.

Washington Lodge, No. 260 GRC, Petrolia [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Reid G. A.

Oak Lodge, No. 261 GRC, Innerkip [5 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Callan F. H.

Harriston Lodge, No. 262 GRC, Harriston [5 members served the colours.] None died in service. 172

Forest Lodge, No. 263 GRC, Forest [5 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Wright T. W.

Chaudiere Lodge, No. 264 GRC, Ottawa [39 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Crawley Percy William #7843 2nd Bn Apr 22, 1915

Patterson Lodge, No. 265 GRC, Thornhill [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Northern Light Lodge, No. 266 GRC, Stayner [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Parthenon Lodge, No. 267 GRC, Chatham [25 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Philip W. D.

Verulam Lodge, No. 268 GRC, Bobcaygeon [1 member served the colours.] None died in service.

Brougham Union Lodge, No. 269 GRC, Claremont [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Major Henry Lawrence no RN 116th Bn Jun 15, 1917

Cedar Lodge, No. 270 GRC, Oshawa No Return submitted

Wellington Lodge, No. 271 GRC, Erin [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Seymour Lodge, No. 272 GRC, Ancaster [ 22 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Kent Lodge, No. 274 GRC, Blenheim [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Teeswater Lodge, No. 276 GRC, Teeswater [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Whytes J. W.

Seymour Lodge, No. 277 GRC, Port Dalhousie [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Holland Walter Cluny Stewart no RN 1st Bn May 4, 1917

New Hope Lodge, No. 279 GRC, Hespeler [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Robertson T. J. Robertson G. 173

Lorne Lodge, No. 282 GRC, Glencoe [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McLean H.

Eureka Lodge, No. 283 GRC, Belleville [22 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McCrodan T. H. G. #219330 80th Bn unspecified

St. John’s Lodge, No. 284 GRC, Brussels [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Scott W. F.

Seven Star Lodge, No. 285 GRC, Alliston [15 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Wingham Lodge, No. 286 GRC, Wingham [10 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Shuniah Lodge, No. 287 GRC, Port Arthur [45 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Dennison W. T. McPhail N. Paul G. Weeks E.

Doric Lodge, No. 289 GRC, Lobo [13 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Leamington Lodge, No. 289 GRC, Lobo [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Dufferin Lodge, No. 291 GRC, Flamboro [11 members served the colours.] None died in service:

Robertson Lodge, No. 292 GRC, King [5 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Wild Frederick George #3119 43rd Bn Aug 21, 1916

Moore Lodge, No. 294 GRC, Courtright [6 members served the colours.] None died in service:

Conestogo Lodge, No. 295 GRC, Drayton [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Temple Lodge, No. 296 GRC, St. Catharines [20 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Barclay G. Cpl Metler Roy #3108710 Cdn Engineers Nov 16, 1918 174

Preston Lodge, No. 297 GRC, Preston [16 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Victoria Lodge, No. 299 GRC, Centreville [3 members served the colours.] None died in service:

Mt. Olivet, No. 300 GRC, Thorndale [3 members served the colours.] None died in service:

St. David’s Lodge, No. 302 GRC, St. Thomas [30 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Devlin Russell Clarence #401426 1st Bn Sep 22, 1916 Cpl Howarth Sam Entwhistle #823541 18th Bn Aug 10, 1918 Cpl May Thomas Henry #166094 2nd Pioneer Bn Apr 17, 1916

Blyth Lodge, No. 303 GRC, Blyth [3 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte McClinchey David John #654775 47th Bn Sep 29, 1918

Minerva Lodge, No. 304 GRC, Stroud [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Ralston Edgar Clarence #643321 75th Bn Nov 4, 1918 Pte Eaglestone Charles Henry #3231128 3rd Bn Sep 2, 1918 Andrews H.

Humber Lodge, No. 305 GRC, Weston [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Durham Lodge, No. 306 GRC, Durham [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Arkona Lodge, No. 307 GRC, Arkona [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Morning Star Lodge, No. 309 GRC, Carlow [7 members served the colours. None died in service.

Blackwood odge, No. 311 GRC, Woodbridge [5 members served the colours. None died in service.

Pnyx Lodge, No. 312 GRC, Wallaceburg [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Miller Bernard Golden #1045025 20th Bn Aug 8, 1918 Pte Brander Gerald Livingstone #3135140 CASC Nov 10, 1918 175

Clementi Lodge, No. 313 GRC, Lakefield [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Milburn George Noble no RN 1st Bn Apr 5, 1917 Vimy Ridge Lt Stuart76 Herbert James no RN RCR Oct 3, 1916

Blair Lodge, No. 314 GRC, Palmerston [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Southgate C. S. Parker H.

Clifford Lodge, No. 315 GRC, Clifford [3 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Shannon G. E.

Doric Lodge, No. 316 GRC, Toronto [23 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Wilmot Lodge, No. 318 GRC, Baden [2 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Walker C. T.

Hiram Lodge, No. 319 GRC, Hagersville [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Howard Charles Matthew no RN 58th Bn Oct 8, 1916 Regina Trench

Chesterville Lodge, No. 320 GRC, Chesterville [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Walker Lodge, No. 321 GRC, Acton [6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

North Star Lodge, No. 322 GRC, Owen Sound [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Pollock Robert no RN 58th Bn Sep 29, 1918 Bourlon Wood Pte Sparrow Henry Cecil #1066069 58th Bn Aug 27, 1918 Young G. M.

Alvinston Lodge, No. 323 GRC, Alvinston [ 4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

76 CGWP Soldier Notes comments that before enlistment Lieutenant Stuart was “private secretary to the Honourable Mr. Hoyle, then Speaker of the Ontario Legislature.” 176

Temple Lodge, No. 324 GRC, Hamilton [33 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Jones H. Elliott H. R. Simpson J.

Orono Lodge, No. 325 GRC, Orono [8 members served the colours. The following died in service: Pnr Cain James Edward #154744 1st Pioneer Bn unspecified

Zetland Lodge, No. 326 GRC, Toronto [57 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Gnr Johnston Vincent John 225828 CMR Depot unspecified may have survived war Lt Millar Arthur Graemesly no RN 3rd Bn Nov 14, 1916 Maj Spence Francis Robert no RN 2nd Bn Aug 18, 1917 Le Breris, France (Hill 70) Lt Trees Christopher Frank no RN 2nd CMR Sep 29, 1918 Cambrai Lt Watts Wilfred John no RN 44 Sqd RFC Oct 21, 1918

Hammond Lodge, No. 327 GRC, Wardsville [3 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Ionic Lodge, No. 328 GRC, Napier [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

King Solomon Lodge, No. 329 GRC, Jarvis [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Munson G. B. Pte Rodger Charles #863103 123rd Bn unspecified

Corinthian Lodge, No. 330 GRC, London [38 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Fordwich Lodge, No. 331 GRC, Fordwich [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cattnach R.

Stratford Lodge, No. 332 GRC, Stratford [25 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lowe J. Lt Dempsey77 James Daniel no RN 58th Bn Apr 14, 1917 Pte Pearson Robert Harvey #727818 58th Bn Mar 21, 1918

77 CGWP Soldier’s Notes indicates that he was wounded (left shoulder, left side and abdomen) and captured on Apr 12, 1917 and died whilst prisoner of war in the War Hospital, St. Clotilde. 177

Prince Arthur Lodge, No. 333 GRC, Flesherton [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Kerr Robert Gordon #928202 153rd Bn unspecified may have survived war Pte Mitchell Harold Andrew #766449 3rd Bn Nov 7, 1917 Passchendaele

Prince Arthur Lodge, No. 334 GRC, Arthur [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McDougall Harry #2010276 unspecified unspecified Cpt Brocklebank Stanley Howson no RN 46th Bn Sep 20, 1918 L/Cpl Howson Joseph Alexander #928388 153rd Bn Feb 22, 1917

Highgate Lodge, No. 336 GRC, Highgate [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Myrtle Lodge, No. 337 GRC, Port Robinson [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Dufferin Lodge, No. 338 GRC, Wellandport No Return submitted

Orient Lodge, No. 339 GRC, Toronto [44 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Bruce Lodge, No. 341 GRC, Tiverton No Return submitted

Georgina Lodge, No. 343 GRC, Toronto [31 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Upton Herbert Marshall no RN 2nd Bn Aug 30, 1918 Templeton C. B. Lt Skill Albert Thomas no RN 58th Bn Oct 26, 1917 Wieltje (2nd Ypres) Cpt Cliff78 Norman Victor #9423 3rd Bn Aug 30, 1918 Drocourt-Queant Line Pte Porter Charles #201469 4th Bn Dec 8, 1916

Merrill Lodge, No. 344 GRC, Dorchester [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

78 According to the CGWP Soldier’s Notes, he originally enlisted on Sep 22, 1914 as a Private in the 3rd Battalion Toronto Regiment was routed with the unit through England to France where he was injured in the fighting at Festubert, invalided home and discharged as medically unfit in September 1915. On Sep 6, 1916 he re-enlisted in Toronto, took an officer’s course and was sent on to France. He fought at Passchendaele (late 1917) and was awarded the Military Cross for “gallant service on the field” on Jun 3, 1918. He was killed in an attack on the German lines on Aug 30, 1918. 178

Nilestown Lodge, No. 345 GRC, Nilestown [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Jean Phillip #823163 1st Bn Nov 6, 1917

Occident Lodge, No. 346 GRC, Toronto [55 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Sgt Preston Walter #166863 2nd Bn Cdn Sep 11, 1917 RR Troops Stewart H. J. Barwick T.

Mercer Lodge, No. 347 GRC, Fergus [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Allan J.

Georgian Lodge, No. 348 GRC, Penetanguishene [15 members served the colours.] The following died in service: L/Cpl Darling Charles Thompson #475271 PPCLI Sep 15, 1916 Near Courcelette Saunders V. Lt Thompson Alfred Hamilton no RN unspecified unit Sep 26, 1918

Granite Lodge, No. 352 GRC, Parry Sound [13 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Brock Lodge, No. 354 GRC, Cannington No Return submitted

River Park Lodge, No. 356 GRC, Streetsville [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Maj-Gen Mercer79 Malcolm Smith no RN 3rd Div HQ Jun 3, 1916 Mount Sorrell Lt-Col Thomson Alexander Thompson no RN 10th Bn Nov 19, 1917 Pte Graydon Floyd Everard #235198 52nd Bn Aug 28, 1918 Brown N. W.

Waterdown Lodge, No. 357 GRC, Millgrove [13 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Delaware Valley, No. 358 GRC, Delaware [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Vittoria Lodge, No. 359 GRC, Vittoria [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

79 According to CGWP Soldier’s Notes, Major General Mercer was the highest ranking Canadian officer killed in the War. He was killed in action while reconnoitring the front lines on Jun 3, 1916 prior to a Canadian attack on Mount Sorrell. 179

Muskoka Lodge, No. 360 GRC, Bracebridge [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Waverley Lodge, No. 361 GRC, Guelph [46 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 362 GRC, Tara [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Dufferin Lodge, No. 364 GRC, Melbourne [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Acton John #189027 75th Bn Aug 15, 1917 Lens Pte Stevenson Arthur George #645272 7th Bn Aug 15, 1917

Saint George Lodge, No. 367 GRC, Toronto [38 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte McGregor Alexander #193240 42nd Bn Nov 3, 1917 Sheridan P. F. CQMSgt Johnson Alexander Stewart #316921 48th Bty CFA Dec 12, 1917

Salem Lodge, No. 368 GRC, Brockville [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Brister A. J. #8512 unspecified unspecified Lt Chapman Jackson Alexander Fletcher no RN 1st Bde Jun 3, 1916 Mount Sorrell CQMSgt Vance Harry Howard #410651 38th Bn Nov 1, 1917

Mimico Lodge, No. 369 GRC, Lambton Mills [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Davey John Melville #9433 4th Bn Apr 23, 1915 Pte Earl Thomas George #451106 58th Bn May 31, 1916 Morgan Walter Lawrence #643924 157th Bn unspecified

Harmony Lodge, No. 370 GRC, Delta [6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 371 GRC, Ottawa [31 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Miller W J.

Palmer Lodge, No. 372 GRC, Bridgeburg [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Copestone Lodge, No. 373 GRC, Welland [21 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Davis G. M. 180

Keene Lodge, No. 374 GRC, Keene No Return submitted

Lorne Lodge, No. 375 GRC, Omemee [16 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Unity Lodge, No. 376 GRC, Huntsville [25 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Lorne Lodge, No. 377 GRC, Shelburne [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Gallagher J. W.

King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 378 GRC, London [33 members served the colours.] The following died in service: SSMaj Courtney Samuel Henry #30149 3rd Div Train Oct 4, 1917 Pte McGeary Charles #2892 PPCLI Nov 16, 1917 Passchendaele Platt J. We. Sgt-Maj Ward Charles Henry #156 No. 3 Gen Hosp May 30, 1918 died of wounds when hospital bombed

Middlesex Lodge, No. 379 GRC, Bryanston [11 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Union Lodge, No. 380 GRC, London [36 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Hamilton John Horne #28030 15th Bn Apr 24, 1915 Johnson A. Pte Wakeling Campbell Smoothey #123001 18th Bn Sep 15, 1916

Doric Lodge, No. 382 GRC, Hamilton [42 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Henderson Ernest Flint #690078 116th Bn Sep 29, 1918 Pte Marshall William McBride #55884 19th Bn Sep 15, 1916 Cpt McNair George Orme no RN 58th Bn May 1, 1916 killed in trenches SE of Zillebeke (Ypres)

Henderson Lodge, No. 383 GRC, Winchester No Return submitted

Alpha Lodge, No. 384 GRC, Toronto [51 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpt Glover John Donald no RN 4th Bn Apr 23, 1915 Stewart R. G. C. Pte Lewis Robert Stanley #862171 123rd Bn Apr 22, 1917 Les Tilleuls MacDonnell J. G. 181

Spry Lodge, No. 385 GRC, Beeton [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

McColl Lodge, No. 386 GRC, West Lorne [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Lansdowne Lodge, No. 387 GRC, Lansdowne [3 members served the colours.] The following died in service: L/Cpl Frew William Wallace #53227 18th Bn Sep 30, 1915 Ferris H. R.

Henderson Lodge, No. 388 GRC, Ilderton [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Shore John Arthur Murton #880806 18th Bn Nov 11, 1917

Crystal Fountain Lodge, No. 389 GRC, North Augusta [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Florence Lodge, No. 390 GRC, Florence [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.]

Howard Lodge, No. 391 GRC, Ridgetown [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Halstead Chester William no RN 1st Bn Oct 1, 1918

Huron Lodge, No. 392 GRC, Camlachie [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Forest Lodge, No. 393 GRC, Chesley [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Turner William Henry #839012 58th Bn Sep 12, 1918

King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 394 GRC, Thamesford No Return submitted

Parvaim Lodge, No. 393 GRC, Comber [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Cedar Lodge, No. 396 GRC, Wiarton [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McKinnon L. A.

Leopold Lodge, No. 397 GRC, Brigden [6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Victoria Lodge, No. 398 GRC, Kirkfield [8 members served the colours.] None died in service. 182

Moffat Lodge, No. 399 GRC, Harrietsville [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Oakville Lodge, No. 400 GRC, Oakville [18 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McKay D. A.

Craig Lodge, No. 401 GRC, Deseronto [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Central Lodge, No. 402 GRC, Essex [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Smith M. T.

Windsor Lodge, No. 403 GRC, Windsor [56 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Pike Claude Wellington no RN 3rd Bn Oct 8, 1916

Lorne Lodge, No. 404 GRC, Tamworth [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt MacKnight Thomas William no RN RAMC Sep 4, 1916

Mattawa Lodge, No. 405 GRC, Mattawa [19 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Clapperton G.

Spry Lodge, No. 405 GRC, Fenelon Falls [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Murray Lodge, No. 408 GRC, Beaverton [9 members served the colours.] Non died in service.

Golden Rule Lodge, No. 409 GRC, Gravenhurst [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte McEachern Archibald Ernest #227 Borden’s Motor Nov 17, 1915 MG Bty Sgt Bowers Alfred Siddle #322868 2nd Bde CFA Mar 30, 1918 Pte Jackson Alfred #657658 19th Bn Oct 5, 1917

Zeta Lodge, No. 410 GRC, Toronto [41 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Allport Alfred Thomas #531006 No. 3 Sanitary Sct Oct 7, 1916 CSM Ironside John Bercy #407019 1st Bn Jul 30, 1917 Pte Rogers James Gordon #201896 4th Bn Jul 30, 1917

Rodney Lodge, No. 411 GRC, Rodney [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Bolton F. H. 183

Keystone Lodge, No. 412 GRC, Sault Ste Marie [63 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Atkin R. J. Reid G. A. Lt Punnett Hubert Gordon no RN 60th Bn Nov 26, 1916 Maj Battersby William Falconer no RN 1st Cdn Motor Mar 25, 1918 MG Bgde nr. Villers Bretonneux Pte McCoy Joseph Stanley #175025 16th MG Coy Aug 24, 1917 Lt Martin Frederick John Strange no RN 58th Bn Aug 30, 1918 Bois du Sart Garrison F. Brown W. E. Lt Way John Hatherly no RN 58th Bn Aug 27, 1918

Naphtali Lodge, No. 413 GRC, Tilbury [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Daniels F. B.

Pequonga Lodge, No. 414 GRC, Kenora [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Martin J. B. 2Lt Morley Frank William #514858 10th (Svce) Bn Oct 9, 1918 The Buffs (East Kent Regiment) Epehy France

Fort William Lodge, No. 415 GRC, Fort William [44 members served the colours.] The following died in service: L/Cpl Huston William John Huston #795 PPCLI Jan 25, 1915 St. Eloi Cpl Morton Joseph Robert #1039261 13th Bn Cdn Mar 28, 1918 Railway Troops Hall J. A. Hatton T. Cpl Turner William Francis #1043041 13th Bn Cdn Mar 30, 1918 Railway Troops

Lynn Lodge, No. 416 GRC, Lynn [5 members served the colours.] None died in service:

Keewatin Lodge, No. 417 GRC, Keewatin [19 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Armstrong Frederick Cameron #439278 52nd Bn Oct 23, 191880

80 CGWP Soldier’s Notes reports that Private Frederick Cameron Armstrong was born in Kenora on Jan 12, 1895, schooled locally and employed as a clerk at the Lake of the Woods Milling Company. He enlisted on May 25, 1915 at Kenora and was assigned to the 52nd Battalion which was being formed in the region. He was shipped out to France where the Battalion became part of the Third Canadian Division. Wounded in the fall of 1916 near the end of the Battle of the Somme (Jul 1 to end Nov 1916), he was hospitalized in France and England for over half a year and discharged on medical grounds, arriving back home in July 1917. His wounds were serious but not debilitating and he returned to his pre-war clerical position. He joined Keewatin Lodge 417 and was initiated on Sep 184

Pte Cassels81 John Stewart #198510 25th Bn Oct 1, 1916 west of Courcelette McInnis P.

Maxville Lodge, No. 418 GRC, Maxville [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: MacNaughton K. Kennedy S.

Liberty Lodge, No. 419 GRC, Sarnia [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Carson Joseph #3131559 47th Bn Sep 29, 1918

Nipissing Lodge, No. 420 GRC, North Bay [34 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Shepherd Edwin Charles no RN 4th CMR Oct 26, 1917 Passchendaele (Bellevue Spur) Lt Martyn Edgar Meath no RN 162nd Bn

Scott Lodge, No. 421 GRC, Grand Valley [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McDonald J. W. Cpt Rounding Lewis Arthur no RN 68th Bn May 16, 1916

Star of the East Lodge, No. 422 GRC, Bothwell [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Strong Lodge, No. 423 GRC, Sundridge [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Sgt Christian Howard Tennyson #408415 2nd MG Coy Sep 27, 1918 vicinity of Inchy, France

Doric Lodge, No. 424 GRC, Pickering [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Kerr H. G. Gnr Bateman Frederick Lloyd #1261678 1st Bde Cdn Dec 11, 191882 Garrison Artillery

St. Clair Lodge, No. 425 GRC, Sombra [4 members served the colours.] None died in service:

16, 1918. On Oct 23, 1918 he was dead: killed by the influenza pandemic which swept the globe during the last year of the War.

81 Another employee of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company.

82 CGWP Soldier’s Notes describes his death as from “Broncho Pneumonia.” It notes “From all available information this casualty occurred at Jemappes, Belgium, South West of Mons, as this soldier’s battery did not go into Germany.” 185

Stanley Lodge, No. 426 GRC, Toronto [41 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Boyd James William no RN 16 Sqn RAF Feb 4, 1917 L/Sgt Fell William George Arthur #679254 116th Bn Jul 23, 1917 Cpt Goodrich Frank Edward #27897 60 Sqn RAF Sep 12, 1916 Paul H. J.

Nickel Lodge, No. 427 GRC, Sudbury [35 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Nicholson L. W.

Fidelity Lodge, No. 428 GRC, Port Perry [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpl Hood Gordon Wesley #868008 116th Bn Aug 27, 1918 Tummonds W. H. Lt Wallace Ernest Donald no RN 1st Cdn Motor Mar 27, 1917 MG Bde

Port Elgin Lodge, No. 429 GRC, Port Elgin No Return submitted

Acacia Lodge, No. 430 GRC, Toronto [31 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Treblicock A. J. Lt French Gordon Rae no RN 87th Bn Oct 6, 1918 Moore H.

Moravian Lodge, No. 431 GRc, Cargill [1 member served the colours.] None died in service.

Hanover Lodge, No. 432 GRC, Hanover [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Maj Musgrove George Henry no RN 20th Bn Aug 28, 1918

Bonnechere Lodge, No. 433 GRC, Eganville [6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Algonquin Lodge, No. 434 GRC, Elmsdale [11 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Havelock Lodge, No. 435 GRC, Havelock [15 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Burns Lodge, No. 436 GRC, Hepworth [2 members served the colours.] None died in service. 186

Tuscan Lodge, No. 437 GRC, Sarnia [24 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpl Chapman William Herbert #123017 7th Bn Cdn Sep 27, 1917 Railway Troops Pte McIntosh Andrew #124472 58th Bn Sep 17, 1916

Harmony Lodge, No. 438 GRC, Toronto [39 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Blatchford T. L. Pte Jamieson James Lawrie #799512 15th Bn Sep 2, 1918 2Lt Hillock Charles Alexander #154732 unspec Sdn RFC Jan 8, 1919

Alexandria Lodge, No. 439 GRC, Alexandria [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Arcadia Lodge, No. 440 GRC, Minden [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McDonald T. A. Pogue A. O. Scott A. M.

Westport Lodge, No. 441 GRC, Westport [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Dyment Lodge, No. 442 GRC, Thessalon [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Sgt Ingram Fraser #754444 119th Bn Jan 21, 1917

Powassan Lodge, No. 443 GRC, Powassan [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Marshall A.

Nitetis Lodge, No. 444 GRC, Creemore [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Lake of the Woods Lodge, No. 445 GRC, Kenora [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Smith H. D. Farr C. E.

Granite Lodge, No. 446 GRC, Fort Frances [21 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pnr Wright P. A. #155055 1st Pioneer Bn unspecified Tucker L. A.

Sturgeon Falls Lodge, No. 447 GRC, Sturgeon Falls [16 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Piercey H. E. 187

McInnis Joseph William #2379094 unspecified unspecified Pte Tilley Hamilton Sylvester #3 54th Bn Oct 8, 1918

Xenophon Lodge, No. 448 GRC, Wheatley [3 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Dundalk Lodge, No. 449 GRC, Dundalk [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Hawkesbury Lodge, No. 450 GRC, Hawkesbury [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Hall F. E. Almone J. E. McKenzie C. H.

Somerville Lodge, No. 451 GRC, Kinmount [7 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Day R.

Avonmore Lodge, No. 452 GRC, Avonmore [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Royal Lodge, No. 453 GRC, Fort William [28 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Armstrong E. McLeish S.

Corona Lodge, No. 454 GRC, Birk’s Falls [10 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Doric Lodge, No. 455 GRC, Little Current [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Elma Lodge, No. 456 GRC, Monkton [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Century Lodge, No. 457 GRC, Merlin [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Wales Lodge, No. 458 GRC, Wales [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Cobden Lodge, No. 459, Cobden [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Rideau Lodge, 460 GRC, Seeley’s Bay [2 members served the colours.] None died in service. 188

Ionic Lodge, No. 461 GRC, Rainy River [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Temiskaming Lodge, No. 462 GRC, New Liskeard [37 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Morgan Albert Norton no RN 10th Bn May 24, 191583 Keady W. M. Spr Hermeston Frank Cochrane #648413 5th Bn Cdn Apr 4, 1917 Railway Troops

North Entrance Lodge, No. 463 GRC, Haliburton [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Bird B.

King Edward Lodge, No. 464 GRC, Sunderland [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Carleton Lodge, No. 465 GRC, Carp [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Wilson C. P.

Coronation Lodge, No. 466 GRC, Elmvale [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: L/Cpl Middleton Walter Leslie #46596 15th Bn Aug 17, 1918

Tottenham Lodge, No. 467 GRC, Tottenham [8 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Ellison Alvin De Aubrey #643387 4th Bn Jul 8, 1917

Peel Lodge, No. 468 GRC, Caledon East [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cardy F.

Algoma Lodge, No. 469 GRC, Sault Ste. Marie [20 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Elliot H.

83 CGWP Soldier’s Notes contain additional information on the life, times and death of Lieutenant Morgan. He died with his men while holding a section of the trenches assigned to the 10th Battalion in the Ypres area. Several of his friends and fellow officers were at the scene and wrote letters back to his home. One letter, from Captain W. J. A Lalor notes that “in Mr. Morgan’s pocket-book were the photos of Mrs. Morgan and Mrs. (Capt.) Robinson, and some other photos.” He later described that what enabled him to forward the pocket-book was the Masonic certificate which it contained. This Certificate was printed on parchment, in English, French, and German, and is signed by Mr. Sutcliffe, Master [Homer Wilson Sutcliffe, WM 1914-15, listed in the Grand Lodge Annual Proceedings—Ed.] and Mr. E. Monaghan [who had served as WM in 1909-10—Ed.] of Temiskaming Lodge 462, New Liskeard . Lt. Morgan was born in Ottawa in 1876, educated in city schools, attended Osgoode Hall and practiced as a lawyer. He came to New Liskeard in 1902 and formed a partnership with a Mr. McEwen and was quick successful. In his spare time he was a member of the Governor General’s Foot Guards and also the Queen’s Own Rifles. He married Miss Beatrice Pearce and they had two sons and one daughter. 189

Victoria Lodge, No. 470 GRC, Victoria Harbour [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Scott J. A.

King Edward Lodge, No. 471 GRC, Chippawa [3 members served the colours.] None died in service:

Gore Bay Lodge, No. 472 GRC, Gore Bay [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte McAlpine Arthur #475953 unspecified unit Jun 4, 1916 Sanctuary Wood

The Beaches Lodge, No. 473 GRC, Toronto [21 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Stanley George James #172299 2nd Bn Nov 20, 1916 Pte Parker William Henry #778958 127th Bn Jul 8, 1918

Victoria Lodge, No. 474 GRC, Toronto [37 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpl Inman Robert #163763 75th Bn Nov 18, 1916 Maj-Gen Mercer Malcolm Smith duplicate entry - refer to River Park 356, Toronto Cpl Pears William #624948 50th Bn Jan 12, 1919

Dundurn Lodge, No. 475 GRC, Hamilton [42 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Awrey Leroy Eaton no RN 1st MG Coy Aug 30, 1918 Gnr Cameron John Robson #302142 8th Bde, CFA Jul 2, 1916 Pte O’Neill Verner Scott #55677 19th Bn Oct 30, 1915 Cpl Stapley Norval Douglas #174674 10th MG Coy Aug 21, 1917 Sgt Towlson Thomas William #10856 4th Bn Apr 23, 1915 QMSgt Warwick William Henry #60034 21st Bn unspecified Pte Webster Ernest Sala #3106402 20th Bn Oct 11, 1918

Corinthian Lodge, No. 476 GRC, North Gower [3 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Harding Lodge, No. 477 GRC, Woodville [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Milverton Lodge, No. 478 GRC, Milverton No Return submitted

Russell Lodge, No. 479 GRC, Russel [3 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Williamsburg Lodge, No. 480 GRC, Williamsburg [12 members served the colours.] None died in service. 190

Corinthian Lodge, No. 481 GRC, Toronto [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Jones R. V. Anderson L. D.

Bancroft Lodge, No. 482 GRC, Bancroft [24 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Spr Clark Robert Alfred #5071 1st Cdn Div Engrs unspecified

Granton Lodge, No. 483 GRC, Granton [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Golden Star Lodge, No. 484 GRC, Dryden [17 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Johnson L. Pte Gardiner David #438935 2nd MG Coy Jun 3, 1916

Haileybury Lodge, No. 485 GRC, Haileybury [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Skill A. F. Green C. C. Maund F. C.

Silver Lodge, Bo. 486 GRC, Cobalt [41 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Peterman W. F. Henderson W. F. Nichol E. C. Spr Percival G. #649482 No. 2 Tunnelling Coy Jul 12, 1917

Penewobikong Lodge, No. 487 GRC, Blind River [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Wolfe E. M. Pte Dallas Thomas Currie #755152 38th Bn Sep 29, 1918

King Edward Lodge, No. 488 GRC, Harrow [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Osiris Lodge, No. 489 GRC, Smiths Falls [12 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Maj Gilroy Sidney Wellington no RN 13th Bn Oct 8, 1916 Henderson R.

Hiram Lodge, No. 490 GRC, Markdale [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Galbraith Charles Wilmer #838889 4th CMR Oct 26, 1917 Walker B. 191

Cardinal Lodge, No. 491 GRC, Cardinal [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Karnak Lodge, No. 492 GRC, Coldwater [12 members served the colours.] None died in service.

St. Mary’s Lodge, No. 493 GRC, St. Mary’s [26 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Matthews R. T. Wright W. J. Pte McConnell William John #126605 73rd Bn Sep 11, 1916 Lt Abendana Eric Montague no RN 2nd Bn Oct 16, 191884

Riverdale Lodge, No. 494 GRC, Toronto [46 members served the colours.] The following died in service: L/Sgt Sands Francis #451151 58th Bn Jun 16, 1916 Martin C. S/Lt Bibby John Richard no RN Malta Torpedo Sch Jun 11, 1917 killed in flying accident in Malta Cpl McCullagh William #171255 4th CMR Sep 16, 1916 Lt Cooper Sydney Baker no RN 19th Bn Aug 27, 1918 Gnr Bateman Frederick Lloyd duplicate entry - refer to Doric Lodge 424, Pickering

Electric Lodge, No. 495 GRC, Hamilton [38 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Bell Selathiel #757883 54th Bn Nov 3, 1918 Chaloner W. R. Hall J. P. Spr Jones William Thomas #193086 unspecified unit Jan 27, 1918

University Lodge, No. 496 GRC, Toronto [67 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt-Col Malloch, MD William John Ogilvie no RN No. 4 Gen Feb 18, 191985 Hospital Davidson R. F. Lt Evans William Laurence no RN RAMC Aug 11, 1916

84 CGWP Soldier’s Notes reports that he died of pleurisy at the 4th Canadian Casualty Clearing Station and he was buried in Duisans British Cemetery in France. He was born in Jamaica and attended University of Toronto where he graduated with a degree in Civil Engineering. He was taken into the military establishment but initially denied posting with the CEF, possibly because of his colour. He was promoted to Lieutenant and posted to the Canadian Engineer Reinforcement Depot at Seaford where he instructed, later assisted in the construction of RFC flying fields, and then joined the Canadian Corps in France as part of the strength of an Engineering Battalion responsible for hasty bridging, maintenance of forward roads, obstacle clearance and booby-trap disposal and served with his battalion during ‘Canada’s Hundred Days.’

85 Died of pleurisy after returning home and is buried in Toronto’s Mount Pleasant Cemetery. 192

St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 497 GRC, Arden [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Monds John George #635122 4th CMR Apr 11, 1917 Monck E.

King Lodge, No. 498 GRC, Coboconk [4 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Day R.

Port Arthur Lodge, No. 499 GRC, Port Arthur [32 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Barclay L. T. Lloyd D. Darroch N.

Rose Lodge, No. 500 GRC, Windsor [11 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Jessop John Reginald no RN 52nd Bn Oct 6, 1916

Connaught Lodge, No. 501 GRC, Mimico [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Coronation Lodge, No. 502 GRC, Smithville [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Inwood Lodge, No. 503 GRC, Inwood [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Otter Lodge, No. 504 GRC, Lombardy [1 member served the colours.] None died in service.

Lynden Lodge, No. 505 GRC, Lynden [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Porcupine Lodge, No. 506 GRC, Porcupine [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Kelly G. D.

Elk Lake Lodge, No. 507 GRC, Elk Lake [19 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Skill Albert Thomas no RN 58th Bn Oct 26, 1917 Wieltje (3rd Ypres) Capt Daniels Albert Murdoch no RN 15th Bn Apr 24, 1915 Maj Ansley Alfred James #409611 15th Bn Oct 14, 1916 Spr Pardon Albert #1006226 6th Bn Cdn Nov 16, 1917 Railway Troops 193

Ozias Lodge, No. 508 GRC, Brantford [20 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Gnr Cassell Arthur #322869 13th Bde CFA Jul 21, 1918

Twin City Lodge, No. 509 GRC, Kitchener [6 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Albright Solon no RN 15th Bn Aug 9, 1918

Parkdale Lodge, No. 510 GRC, Toronto [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Connaught Lodge, No. 511 GRC, Fort William [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Malone Lodge, No. 512 GRC, Sutton West [9 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Corinthian Lodge, No. 513 GRC, Hamilton [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Sholters George Herbert #3106366 116th Bn Sep 29, 1918

St. Alban’s Lodge, No. 514 GRC, Toronto [49 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Green E. Pte Watt Charles Crawford #202208 4th Bn Oct 8, 1916 Mitchell J. Duncan A.

Reba Lodge, No. 515 GRC, Brantford [22 members served the colours.] The following died in service: QMSgt Hollister Ernest Alfred #10576 unspecified unspecified Wood W. J. Sgt Faulkner Albert Edward #141119 76th Bn unspecified

Enterprise Lodge, No. 516 GRC, Beachburg [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Hazeldean Lodge, No. 517 GRC, Hazeldean [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Sioux Lookout Lodge, No. 518 GRC, Sioux Lookout [13 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Sphar J. E. Robinson B. P. Brandon J. V.

Onondaga Lodge, No. 519 GRC, Onondaga [5 members served the colours.] None died in service. 194

Coronati Lodge, No. 520 GRC, Toronto [45 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt McKinlay Archibald Franklin no RN 2nd Bn Aug 8, 1918 Pte Davey James Matthews #475815 PPCLI Apr 9, 1917 Vimy Ridge Cpl Morrow Andrew Johnston #135786 52nd Bn Sep 21, 1916 Pte Horne Lewis Henry #163365 27th Bn Sep 15, 1916 Lee C. Lt Sneath86 Thomas Herbert no RN 3rd Bn Sep 9, 1916 Gnr Currie James Malcolmson #316877 5th Bde CFA Nov 2, 1917 Thompson W. H.

Ontario Lodge, No. 521 GRC, Windsor [34 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Brocklebank Thomas Mashall #213146 18th Bn Jan 19, 1918 Pte Turner William Earl #1045006 20th Bn Aug 10, 1918

Mt. Sinai Lodge, No. 522 GRC, Toronto [13 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Royal Arthur Lodge, No. 523 GRC, Peterborough [6 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Mississauga Lodge, No. 524 GRC, Port Credit [10 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Thomson A. F. Cpt Ott Franklin Walter #89147 116th Bn 116th Battn Arras

Temple Lodge, No. 525 GRC, Toronto [14 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Ionic Lodge, No. 526 GRC, Westboro [11 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Espanola Lodge, No 527 GRC, Espanola [7 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Golden beaver Lodge, No. 528 GRC, Timmins [16 members served the colours.] None died in service.

86 The CGWP Soldier’s Notes, reports that Lieutenant Sneath’s sister, Christie, also served in the military as a Nurse Masseuse. A graduate of the University of Toronto, she was a member of the Canadian Army Medical Corps and was attached to the Strathcona Military Hospital. Her photograph was published in the Toronto Star on March 13, 1918. She survived the war. 195

Myra Lodge, No. 529 GRC, Komoka [9 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Robinson R.

Cochrane Lodge, No. 530 GRC, Cochrane [5 members served the colours.] The following died in service: McCuaig A. E.

High Park Lodge, No. 531 GRC, Toronto [14 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Werely W.

Canada Lodge, No. 532 GRC, Toronto [18 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Pte Graydon John Alexander #669909 166th Bn Dec 11, 1917 details of death are unknown but he is buried in St. John’s Norway, Toronto Corrigan R.

Shamrock Lodge, No. 533 GRC, Toronto [22 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Thomson J. S.

Englehart Lodge, No. 534 GRC, Englehart No Return submitted

Phoenix Lodge, No. 535 GRC, Fonthill [2 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Algonquin Lodge, No. 536 GRC, Copper Cliff [8 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Ulster Lodge, No. 537 GRC, Toronto [11 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Earl Kitchener Lodge, No. 538 GRC, Port McNicoll [4 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Waterloo Lodge, No. 539 GRC, Waterloo [3 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Abitibi Lodge, No. 540 GRC, Iroquois Falls [5 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Tuscan Lodge, No. 541 GRC, Toronto [10 members served the colours.] None died in service.

Metropolitan Lodge, UD, Toronto [2 members served the colours.] None died in service. 196

Imperial Lodge, UD, Toronto [5 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Smith H. E. 197

Appendix 5

Masonic Honour Roll - British Columbia and Yukon

The Grand Lodge Honour Roll of 1919 published returns from 80 Lodges, showing that 1,464 brethren served the colours. Discounting duplicate memberships 73 members were killed in action or as a result of action. The listing has been graciously provided by V.W.Bro. Trevor McKeown, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Additional information from the Canadian Great War Project database is indicated in italics. There are variations depending on source. Lodges reported names and initials while CGWP provides full names. Soldiers were frequently transferred and there are variations in units depending on dates of Lodge reports. Dates of death were not always certain and lodges may have originally reported “missing, presumed KIA” at the time. Revised dates have been taken from CGWP data. And the records frequently do not show a date or place of death.

Victoria-Columbia Lodge, No. 1 BCR, Victoria [47 members served the colours] None died in service.

Vancouver and Quadra Lodge, No. 2 BCR, Victoria [46 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sgt Anderson Andrew #102154 67th Pioneer Bn Oct 11, 1916 Pte87 Bray Raymond E. #50524 RNAS Aug 14, 1917 RN Martin George L. date unknown died on HMS Titania QMSgt McLean Neil C. 131st Bn Jan 8, 1918

Ashlar Lodge, No. 3 BCR, Nanaimo [14 members served the colours] None died in service.

Cariboo Lodge, No. 4 BCR, Barkerville [8 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpl Boyd Chester Fleming #103114 54th Bn July 8, 1916 (he was also a member of Quesnel Lodge, No. 69 BCR, Quesnel)

Mount Hermon Lodge, No. 7 BCR, Vancouver [51 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpl Chambers James Alexander #129123 72nd Bn Sep 2, 1918 Pte Jamieson John 72nd Bn KIA undated

Union Lodge, No. 9 BCR, New Westminster [25 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Abbott Vivian Hartley Church #646187 29th Bn Aug 21, 1917

87 His CEF Soldier Details show that Bray was actually an RNAS Provisional Flight Officer at the time of his death at Cranwell, UK according to records. 198

RN Dart Hibbert Binney HMS Niobe88 undated Cpt Munn Daniel Ellsworth no RN RCR Apr 18, 191789 Pte Wilson William Duncan #2030339 72nd Bn Sep 2, 1918

Kamloops Lodge, No. 10 BCR, Kamloops [47 members served the colours] The following died in service: Carter Fred M. KIA undated Pte Earl Frederick Gardner #75607 29th Bn Jan 5, 1916 Gnr Nottley John L. Royal Marines KIA undated

Mountain Lodge, No. 11 BCR, Golden [7 members served the colours] The following died in service: Spr Robison Stephen Frederick #5189 1stDivEngs Jun 15, 1915

Cascade Lodge, No. 12 BCR, Vancouver [68 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt Bowie George Pigrum #13192 5th Bn Jul 7, 1915 Pte Marshall Alexander KIA undated (also a member of Park Lodge, No. 63 BCR, Central Park) Cpt Moore Donald Mackenzie (he was also a member of Tsimpsean Lodge, No. 58 BCR, Prince Rupert and Tyee Lodge, No. 66 BCR, Prince Rupert) Cpt Ross Joseph no RN 72nd Bn Apr 11, 1917

Spallumcheen Lodge, No. 13 BCR, Spallumcheen [13 members served the colours] None died in service.

Hiram Lodge, No. 14 BCR, Courtenay [18 members served the colours] None died in service.

Kootenay Lodge, No. 15 BCR, Revelstoke [32 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Ashton George Elliott #129821 72nd Bn Oct 31, 1917 Cpt Boyle Ebenezer Archibald no RN 8th Bn Oct 1, 1918 Pte Eaton Judson Woodworth #442061 7th Bn Jun 3, 1916 Lt Lane Maitland Percival no RN 29th Bn Sep 27, 1916

Pacific Lodge, No. 16 BCR, Mission City [26 members served the colours] None died in service.

88 HMS Niobe was constructed in 1895 by Vickers as a Diadem class cruiser. She served in the Boer War and was given to Canada as the first ship of the newly created Royal Canadian Navy.

89 His CEF Soldier Details note that he was wounded in action on Dec 23, 1916 and died of his wounds on Apr 18, 1917. He is buried in Barlin Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. 199

King Solomon Lodge, No. 17 BCR, New Westminster [40 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Burr William Risk #790636 47th Bn Apr 18, 1917 Pte Laity Thomas Henry #790712 47th Bn Jan 1, 1917 died of Diphtheria at No. 2 General Hospital, Havre Tpr Servin Charles Lord Strathcona’s undated Horse SLt Trapp90 Stanley Valentine no RN No 8 Naval Sqd Dec 10, 1916 Pte Warwick Charles Elmer #790841 47th Bn Feb 13, 1914

Doric Lodge, No. 18 BCR, Nanaimo [14 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Spowart Robert Balfour #180841 29th Bn Sep 26, 1916

Ionic Lodge, No. 19 BCR, Chilliwack [19 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Henderson Richard Arthur no RN 54th Bn Apr 11, 1917 Lt Hornby Geoffrey no RN 7th Bn May 24, 1915

Miriam Lodge, No. 20 BCR, Vernon [24 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj Mutrie Robert John no RN 2nd CMR Apr 5, 1916

St. John’s Lodge, No. 21 BCR, Ladysmith [11 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Sharp James 7th Bn Aug 15, 1917

Acacia Lodge, No. 22 BCR, Vancouver [24 members served the colours] The following died in service: SLt Usborne Claud O. H. unspecified unit died of wounds

Nelson Lodge, No. 23 BCR, Nelson [26 members served the colours] The following died in service: Spr Martin Reuben #494 Cdn RR Corps Nov 30, 1917

90 His CEF Soldier Details show that he had two brothers — Flight Sub Lieutenant George Leonard Trapp and Lieutenant Donovan Joseph Trapp — and both died in action. George Leonard served in No. 10 Sdn RNAS, was killed on Nov 13, 1917 and is buried in Dozinghem Military Cemetery, Belgium. Donovan Joseph served in No. 85 Sdn RFC, was killed on Jul 19, 1918 and is buried in ANZAC Cemetery, France. There is no evidence that either of Stanley Valentine’s two brothers were members of the Craft. 200

Maj Partington91 Charles Thomas no RN 29th Bn Sep 26, 1916 near Courcelette, France Revel R. E. Royal Engineers KIA undated

United Service Lodge, No. 24 BCR, Victoria [82 members served the colours] None died in service.

Kasio Lodge, No. 25 BCR, Kasio [9 members served the colours] None died in service.

Cumberland Lodge, No. 26 BCR. Cumberland [8 members served the colours] None died in service.

Corinthian Lodge, No. 27 BCR, Rossland [9 members served the colours] None died in service.

King Edward Lodge, No. 28 BCR, Greenwood [17 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sgt Johnson Andrew #171257 75th Bn Apr 9, 1917

Slocan Lodge, No. 29 BCR, New Denver [4 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Tattrie William #443749 54th Bn Nov 18, 1916

North Star Lodge, No. 30 BCR, Cranbrook [8 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte McEachern Davis 54th Bn Died in England

Ymir Lodge, No. 31 BCR, Salmo [4 members served the colours] None died in service.

Fidelity Lodge, No. 32 BCR, Trail [11 members served the colours] None died in service.

Temple Lodge, No. 33 BCR, Duncan [35 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Bell Alan Robert #77438 7th Bn May 24, 1915

91 This is one of the rare cases where we have more information from the CGWP database. His “Circumstances of Death Card” from the 29th Bn, CEF records the following: “Killed in Action” He led his Platoon in the attack North of Courcelette, and when about forty yards from the objective, he was hit in the head by shrapnel and instantly killed. There is also a copy of a notice in an unnamed Kenora Newspaper which describes him as a well known and popular young man who came to the town ten years previously with his family from Manchester and had served in the local militia. At enlistment in the CEF on Oct 23, 1915 he took a demotion from his militia rank (shown as Lt.-Col.) to Captain in the 62nd Battalion, then being raised in Vancouver. He was promoted to Major and appointed as second-in-command at the time the Battalion sailed for UK in the spring of 1916 where the nit was used as reinforcements for front line troops. On Aug 5, 1916 he was taken on strength of the 29th (Vancouver) Battalion and assigned as company commander for D Company. It was while leading the company that he was killed. 201

Pte Ingram William H. 88th Bn MIA presumed dead Pte Payze Archer Robert #28666 16th Bn Jun 3, 1915 Pte Young James Osman Slade #463210 9th MG Coy Oct 30, 1917

Cranbrook Lodge, No. 34 BCR, Cranbrook [25 members served the colours] None were killed in action.

Elk River Lodge, No. 35 BCR, Fernie [23 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Corsan Kenneth Craig #442634 7th Bn Jun 19, 1916

King Edward Lodge, No. 36 BCR, Phoenix [8 members served the colours] None died in service.

Harmony Lodge, No. 37 BCR, Grand Forks [3 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Hicks Francis Joseph #23399 7th Battn Apr 24, 1915 Pte Johnstone George Blanchard McG/44 11th Bn Oct 12, 1915

Columbia Lodge, No. 38 BCR, Invermere [14 members served the colours] None died in service.

Tuscan Lodge, No. 39 BCR, Trout Lake92 [8 members served the colours] None died in service.

Enderby Lodge, No. 40 BCR, Enderby [10 members served the colours] None died in service.

St. George’s Lodge, No. 41 BCR, Kelowna [24 members served the colours] None died in service.

Atlinto Lodge, No. 42 BCR, Whitehorse, Y.T. [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

Hedley Lodge, No. 43 BCR, Hedley [8 members served the colours] None died in service.

Southern Cross Lodge, No. 44 BCR, Vancouver [46 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sgt Cockle John #265378 Royal Engineers Jul 20, 1917 Inland Water Transport Pte Ensor George Clark #16423 7th Bn Apr 28, 1915 (he was also a member of Kilwinning Lodge, No. 59 BCR, Vancouver) Lt. Marsh Henry S. RFArty KIA undated

92 Did not submit returns for 1916, 1917, 1918 and 1919 and no meetings held in 1920, 1921 and 1922. Amalgamated with Arrow 47 at Arrowhead, on June 24, 1923, retaining the name and number of Tuscan 39 but located at Arrowhead. The amalgamated Lodge had only limited success and went into darkness in 1941. 202

PM Smith E. K. RN undated died aboard HMS Sydney93

Yukon Lodge, No. 45 BCR, Dawson, Y.T. [25 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Leclaire Jean Baptiste #2004560 PPCLI unspecified94 Pte Watt John #2882 Lord Strathconas Oct 4, 1915 Horse

Whitehorse Lodge, No. 46 BCR, Whitehorse Y.T. [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

Arrow Lodge, No. 47 BCR, Arrowhead [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

Western Lodge, No. 48 BCR, Vancouver [19 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Haffner Henry J. A. no RN 3rd Div Engs May 30, 1916 Lt Hay John Gilmour no RN 47th Bn Nov 12, 191695

St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 49 BCR, Victoria [27 members served the colours] None died in service.

Burrard Lodge, No. 50 BCR, North Vancouver [12 members served the colours] None died in service.

Orion Lodge, No. 51 BCR, Penticton [5 members served the colours] None died in service.

Salmon Arm Lodge, No. 52 BCR, Salmon Arm [9 members served the colours] None died in service.

Nicola Lodge, No. 53 BCR, Merritt [13 members served the colours] None died in service.

Creston Lodge, No. 54 BCR, Creston [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

93 Light cruiser belonging to the Royal Australian Navy, engaged in early action against SMS Emden (German) at Coronel. Several crewmen died at their stations or of wounds received.

94 His CEF Soldier Detail notes that his original overseas unit was Yukon Company, joined PPCLI in the field Aug 18, 1917, struck off strength Nov 5, 1917 and invalided owing to sickness or wounds.

95 CEF Soldier Detail includes a reproduction of the 47th Battalion War Diary for Friday, Nov 10, 1916, and their involvement in the attack on Regina Trench, In the list of casualties Killed in Action, the name of Lieutenant J. G. Hay appears with the notation “died of wounds.” 203

Selkirk Lodge, No. 55 BCR, Kimberley [4 members served the colours] None died in service.

Summerland Lodge, No. 56 BCR, Summerland [8 members served the colours] None died in service.

Lewis Lodge, No. 57 BCR, New Westminster [21 members served the colours] None died in service.

Tsimpsean Lodge, No. 58 BCR, Prince Rupert [6 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt Moore Donald Mckenzie no RN 16th Bn May 22, 1915 (also a member of Cascade Lodge, No. 12 BCR, Vancouver and Festubert, France Tyee Lodge, No. 66 BCR, Prince Rupert)

Lt Stalker Robert Alexander no RN 102nd Bn Apr 9, 1917 Vimy Ridge

Kilwinning Lodge, No. 59 BCR, Vancouver [34 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sgt Cocroft Frederick #16204 7th Bn Apr 24, 1915 (also a member of Park Lodge, No. 63 BCR, Central Park) Sgt Dryden William Hosie #16420 7th Bn Sep 27, 1916 Pte Ensor George Clark (also a member of Southern Cross Lodge, No. 44 BCR, Vancouver) Cpl Smith F. 1st Hampshire KIA undated

Camosum Lodge, No. 60 BCR, Victoria [29 members served the colours] None died in service.

Star of the West Lodge, No. 61 BCR, Nakusp [7 members served the colours] None died in service.

Arrowsmith Lodge, No. 62 BCR, Alberni96 [15 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Thompson Edward L. 88th Bn KIA undated

Park Lodge, No. 63 BCR, Central Park [12 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sgt Cocroft Frederick #16204 7th Bn Apr 24, 1915 (also a member of Kilwinning Lodge, No. 59 BCR, Vancouver) Pte Marshall Alexander KIA undated (also a member of Cascade Lodge, No. 12 BCR, Vancouver)

96 Instituted October 19, 1911. Warrant suspended Feb 25, 1918 due to internal problems and revoked on Jun 20, 1919. 204

Duke of Connaught Lodge, No. 64 BCR, North Vancouver [29 members served the colours] None died in service.

Plantagenet Lodge, No. 65 BCR, Vancouver [29 members served the colours] None died in service.

Tyee Lodge, No. 66 BCR, Prince Rupert [12 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj Lucas Frederick Travers no RN 54th Bn Mar 1, 1917 Vimy Trench Raid Cpt Moore Donald Mackenzie (he was also a member of Cascade Lodge, No. 12 BCR, Vancouver and also a member of Tsimpsean Lodge, No. 58 BCR, Prince Rupert)

Melrose Lodge, No. 67 BCR, Vancouver [20 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Hooey George Fairbairn Army Svc Corps KIA undated

Vancouver Lodge, No. 68 BCR, Vancouver [21 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Allison James #790861 131st Bn unspecified

Quesnel Lodge, No. 69 BCR, Quesnel [13 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpl Boyd Chester Fleming #103114 54th Bn Jul 8, 1916 (he was also a member of Cariboo Lodge, No. No. 4 BCR, Barkerville) Lt Kenny Nelson Clark #103174 54th Bn May 18, 1917

Abbotsford Lodge, No. 70 BCR, Abbotsford [6 members served the colours] None were killed in action.

Slocan Lodge, No. 71 BCR, New Denver [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 72 BCR, Vancouver [16 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Black Charles S. Army Svc Corps KIA undated Pte Dunn David Andrew #75721 29th Bn Jun 21, 1916 Pte Edmonton James H. 72nd Bn KIA undated Writer Frost William H. RN KIA undated

Britannia Lodge, No. 73 BCR, Vancouver [17 members served the colours] None died in service.

Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 74 BCR, Vancouver [14 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Robinson James unspecified unit Died of wounds 205

Perfection Lodge, No. 75 BCR, New Westminster [23 members served the colours] The following died in service: Campbell Hugh unspecified unit KIA undated

Composite Lodge, No. 76 BCR, Vancouver [12 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Boyle Alfred Newby #102956 67th Bn unspecified Sgt Elliott Francis E. Army Svc Corps KIA undated

Zion Lodge, No. 77 BCR, Vancouver [9 members served the colours] None died in service.

DeWolf Lodge, No. 78 BCR, Port Coquitlan [13 members served the colours] None died in service.

Concord Lodge, No. 79 BCR, Parksville [7 members served the colours] None died in service.

St. James’ Lodge, No. 80 BCR, White Rock [25 members served the colours] None died in service.

Triune Lodge, No. 81 BCR, Powell River [4 members served the colours] None died in service.

Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 82 BCR, Vancouver [NIL members served the colours]

Trepanier Lodge, No. 83 BCR, Peachland [7 members served the colours] None died in service. 206 207

Appendix 6

Masonic Honour Roll - Alberta

In each of the Annual Proceedings of 1915, -16, -17 and -18, Grand Lodge published an Honour Roll of deaths of brethren serving the colours, from information provided by Lodges. When duplicate entries are factored out the total number of brethren who died totals 77. In cases where reported dates of death varies with CGWP data, I have used the latter. The information is assembled by Lodge and is provided in Appendix 6. The listing has been graciously provided by R.W.Bro. G. Tapley of the Internet Lodge of Research GRA. It does not appear that any listing was developed for total enlistment of brethren by Grand Lodge. Possibly this may have been kept by individual lodges in their own Honour Rolls. Additional information from the Canadian Great War Project database is indicated in italics.

Bow River Lodge, No. 1 GRA, Calgary The following died in service: Lt Thom Ernest Colin no RN 31st Bn Sep 26, 1916 Courcelette Pte Parkinson Oliver James #467592 10th Bn Sep 26, 1916 Courcelette Pte Stewart Edwin Callander #435800 50th Bn Dec 24, 1916 Cpt Dunn Frank Ambrose Stewart no RN unspecified unit Sep 1917 L/Cpl Greenbank Roland #160076 unspecified unit Apr 10, 1917 Vimy Ridge

Medicine Hat Lodge, No. 2 GRA, Medicine Hat The following died in service: L/Cpl Wright Elmer Weston #696654 50th Bn May 6, 1917

Alberta Lodge, No. 3 GRA, Fort Mcleod The following died in service: Jones J. W. Nov 16, 1917

North Star Lodge, No. 4 GRA, Lethbridge The following died in service: Pte Tod William James #A/36250 1st Bn Apr 15, 1916 Goode H. G. unspecified unit Sep 16, 1916 L/Cpl Grigg Edward Jonathan #108254 2nd CMR Nov 3, 1916 Pte Ripley Alvin #3208690 1st Depot Battn May 2, 1917 Alberta Rifles Maj Stafford Alexander Boswell no RN 39th Bty CFA Jun 24, 1917 208

Cascade Lodge, No. 5 GRA, Banff The following died in service: Sgt Unwin97 Sidney Joseph #87113 6th Howitzer Bde Jun 29, 1917 Pte Whitcomb Isaac George #790899 131st Bn Dec 19, 1916

Edmonton Lodge, No. 7 GRA, Edmonton The following died in service: Lt. Lines Roland Walter no RN 1st Cdn Div Eng Sep 9, 1916 Somme near Albert

Innisfail Lodge, No. 8 GRA, Innisfail The following died in service: Pte Medley Edgar F. #883217 31st Bn May 27, 1918 Pte Jensen Frederick #2109853 31st Bn Aug 17, 1918 wounded at Amiens and evacuated to a military hospital where he died

Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GRA, Calgary The following died in service: Pnr Brocklebank Richard Addison #154984 Cdn Engineers Jun 23, 1916 Maj Splane Howard Mylne no RN 31st Bn Sep 15, 1916 Somme at Pozieres Connors Allan D. unspecified unit 1916 Pte Armstrong Charles James #487553 PPCLI Sep 15, 1916 Courcelette Cpl Graham Harry E. #435277 49th Bn Sep 17, 1916

Acacia Lodge, No. 11 GRA, Strathcona (S. Edmonton) The following died in service: Pte Ball Herbert Joseph #51083 PPCLI May 8, 1915 Cawes Stanley A. unspecified unit October 1915 Pte Wynn Lorenzo #101329 49th Bn Jun 27, 191698 Lt McKnight Locksley no RN 49th Bn Sep 16, 1916 Cpt Morrow Charles Ernest no RN 10th Coy, CFC May 31, 1917 MacDonald Ronald J. unspecified unit Jun 27, 1917 Roberts George unspecified unit Jul 30, 1917

97 CEF Soldier Detail notes that after serving in the Boer War he emigrated to Banff where he was engaged in the guiding and outfitting business. His adventures appear in two books Old Indian Trails by Mary T. S. Shaffer and Trail Life in the Canadian Rockies by B. W. Mitchell. When Mary Shaffer’s nephew, Lieutenant Eric Sharples of the 6th Howitzer Brigade, was killed on Sep 15, 1916 (see entry for Perfection Lodge No. 9 GRA, Sharples was killed at about the same times as Major Howard Mylne Splane of the same unit), Sergeant Unwin took three days leave to search for the his body, but was unsuccessful. After Sergeant Unwin’s own death, Mary Shaffer named Mount Unwin in Jasper Park after him. His death is described as occurring when he was serving his gun alone and his position took a hit which blew his right arm off at the shoulder and left shell fragments in his head. He was shipped back to England where, it is believed, a “hearty laugh” jarred one of the shell fragments into a vital corner of his brain. He is buried at Southgate Cemetery, Middlesex. Although the Grand Lodge Honour Roll shows his year of death as 1916, I have shown the CGWP date of Jun 29, 1917 as it is likely the more accurate of the two.

98 Listed in both 1916 and 1917 Honour Rolls as a member of Acacia No. 11 with dates of death of June 27, 1916 and June 1, 1916 respectively. I have taken Jun 27, 1916 from his CEF data entry. 209

Capt McNally Percy Byron no RN CADC Aug 13, 1917

Red Deer Lodge, No. 12 GRA, Red Deer The following died in service: L/Cpl Broughton99 Colin Ramsay #13613 5th Bn Jul 26, 1916 Chap Harris Rev. W. H. F. #782623 Cdn Chap Svc May 4, 1917

Victoria Lodge, No. 13 GRA, Fort Saskatchewan The following died in service: Pte Gillespie Alexander Maxwell #2138389 72nd Bn Sep 3, 1918

Jasper Lodge, No. 14 GRA, Edmonton The following died in service: Capt McNaughton Peter no RN 49th Bn Jun 5, 1916 Bateson John McK. unspecified unit Jul 1916 Pte Allen Alfred Wilson #231004 10th Bn Aug 15, 1917

Nanton Lodge, No. 17 GRA, Nanton The following died in service: Featherstone Rollin Douglas unspecified unit 1917

Britannia Lodge, No. 18 GRA, Ponoka The following died in service: Gnr Barrett Alfred #1251070 5th Bde CFA Apr 1, 1918

Cornerstone Lodge, No. 19 GRA, High River The following died in service: Cpl Green Roy Leslie 446795 31st Bn Oct 10, 1918 Wounded Jun 13, 1916 at battle of Mount Sorrell and died Oct 10, 1918

Carstairs Lodge, No. 20 GRA, Carstairs The following died in service: Stewart W. A. unspecified unit Oct 27, 1918

Corinthian Lodge, No. 22 GRA, Okotoks The following died in service: Buckler E. W. unspecified unit 1915 Flanders, Belgium Calgary Lodge, No. 23 GRA, Calgary The following died in service: Pte Oliver Lorne Gould #435843 No. 4 Fld Amb Aug 15, 1918

99 A number of his letters sent home from the Front are held on his CEF database and make interesting reading about conditions. 210

Vermillion Lodge, No. 24 GRA, Vermillion The following died in service: Pte Saunders William Everett #100379 31st Bn Sep 30, 1916100

St. John’s, No. 25 GRA, Vegreville The following died in service: Capt Monkman Dr. H. S. No RN 3rd CMR Dec 1, 1915 Irish Farm, France McNeil James #437399 unspecified unit 1916

Ashlar Lodge, No. 28 GRA, Calgary The following died in service: Pte Ritchie John Blaney Hall A/34292 10th Bn Sep 26, 1916

Lethbridge Lodge, No. 39 GRA, Lethbridge The following died in service: Sgt Moorhead Henry 302031 Lord Strathcona’s Oct 11, 1918 Horse

Ionic Lodge, No. 45 GRA, Alix The following died in service: Lt Bateman Charles Arthur #79615 31st Bn Jun 6, 1916 Mount Sorrel

Crossfield Lodge, No. 48 GRA, Crossfield The following died in service: Lt-Col Boyle Russell Lambert no RN 10th Bn Apr 25, 1915 Ypres (Kitchener’s Wood)

Unity Lodge, No. 51 GRA, Edmonton The following died in service: Welbowne E. R. unspecified unit 1916 Baird John unspecified unit 1916 Bowers Charles unspecified unit 1916 Pte Haxton Thomas #437254 7th Bn Oct 6, 1918 Lecluse Lt Miles101 Charles #432037 49th Battn Oct 26, 1918 Cambrai 1917

100 CEF Soldier Detail notes that he had been wounded on Sep 15, 1916 in advance from Pozieres to Courcelette (Somme) and was evacuated to a hospital, probably near Abbeville, as he is buried in the Abbeville Communal Cemetery Extension.

101 His CGWP Soldier Notes shows that he was wounded at Cambrai in 1917, that he died on October 26, 1918 and is buried at Chesterfield (Spital) Cemetery, Derbyshire, England. It is likely that he had been evacuated to England where he was hospitalized until his death. 211

Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 54 GRA, Calgary The following died in service: Gnr Cornfoot John Charles #1251044 9th Bde CFA Sep 1, 1918

Bassano Lodge, No. 55 GRA, Bassano The following died in service: Dyer Edward Arnold unspecified unspecified Aug 1915 Dardanelles Cpt Johnson Albert Lewis Brightmore no RN 31st Bn Oct 1, 1916

King George Lodge, No. 59 GRA, Calgary The following died in service: L/Cpl Spranklin Frederick Ernest #183048 10th Bn Aug 8, 1918 McAllan William unspecified unit Oct 6, 1918 Hayes James unspecified unit Oct 21, 1918 Pte Pollock Thomas Henry #160819 72nd Bn Sep 27, 1918

Empire Lodge, No. 63 GRA, Edmonton The following died in service: Pte Jenkyn Arthur Llewellyn #2030342 72nd Bn Sep 4, 1918

Diamond City, No. 65 GRA, Diamond City The following died in service: Pte Coffey Ralph Worthington #100000 49th Bn Aug 9, 1918

Charity Lodge, No. 67 GRA, Lethbridge The following died in service: Cpl Craigen Charles #736392 43rd Bn Aug 8, 1918

Edson Lodge, No. 68 GRA, Edson The following died in service: Sapper McIntosh Ira David #2138498 6th Bn Oct 7, 1918

Quarry Lodge, No. 70 GRA, Redcliff The following died in service: Sgt Reynolds William James #157507 4th CMR Oct 1, 1916

Tawatinaw Lodge, No. 71 GRA, Athabasca The following died in service: Lt Cordingley Robert Cecil no RN 9th MG Coy Jun 4, 1916 Pte Koelliker Arthur Julius #100995 49th Bn Sep 16, 1916 Herbert Edmond H. unspecified unit Nov 10, 1918

Brooks Lodge, No. 73 GRA, Brooks The following died in service: Lt Kimball Merritt Paul no RN 10th Bn Jun 3, 1916 Mount Sorrell 212

Fidelity Lodge, No. 76 GRA, Bashaw The following died in service: Pte Fisher John Franklin #435435 2nd Bn Jul 30, 1916

Strathcona Lodge, No. 77 GRA, Strathcona The following died in service: L/Cpl Bayes Alfred George #432350 49th Bn Sep 15, 1916 Pte Pirie James #79188 31st Bn Sep 24, 1916

Acadia Lodge, No. 82 GRA, Youngstown The following died in service: Lt McColl Douglas Chambers no RN 10th Bn Apr 22, 1915 France

Suffield Lodge, No. 85 GRA, location unknown The following died in service: Lt Whiffin Hartley Allen #20734 10th Bn Sep 25, 1915 The Gloucestershire Regiment

Norwood Lodge, No. 90 GRA, Edmonton The following died in service: Pte Webster Archibald William #466354 5th Bn Sep 8, 1916 Pte Grills Samuel #523385 No. 11 F. Amb Dec 6, 1918 213

Appendix 7

Masonic Honour Roll - Saskatchewan

A Grand Lodge Honour Roll was issued in the 1916 Annual Proceedings (p 195-204) listing the names of the members who enlisted as of December 31, 1915 and those who died. This is the only known listing of enlistments by Lodge. At the Annual Communications of 1916, -17, -18, -19 and -20, the names of members who died while serving the flag are reported (no listing of enlistments). The Grand Secretary reported in the 1919 Annual Proceedings (p 120) that “Returns from the Lodges show that 509 additional brethren have donned the khaki making a roll of over 1,000 brethren from this Province who are doing their bit for King and Country. Against this total of “over 1,000,” this Appendix identifies the number of enlistment totals by lodge (545 can be firmly calculated) and the names of 119 brethren by Lodge, who gave their lives for the sake of freedom. Lodges still working as of 2013 are shown in bold. Information from the Canadian Great War Project database is indicated in italics and is used to revise and update the original Lodge entries.

Kinistino Lodge, No. 1 GRS, Prince Albert [22 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: QMSgt Cottam James Melville #21060 11th Bn Mar 18, 1916102 Lt-Col Creighton Frank Albro no RN 1st Bn Jun 19, 1916 Mount Sorrel Sgt McKay John #186642 unspecified Oct 3, 1918

Wascana Lodge, No. 2 GRS, Regina [19 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Cpt Rounding Lewis Arthur no RN 68th Bn May 16, 1916103 England Pte McGregor James #907559 102nd Bn Apr 29, 1917 Walker Hugh Lorne Campbell Jul 13, 1917 Pte Jackson Thomas #426413 Aug 7, 1917 Cpt Paterson George Irving no RN Apr 1918 Lt Henderson Norman no RN 10th Bn Apr 14, 1918

102 CEF Soldier Detail notes that he died in a military hospital in Hampstead on March 18, 1916, of an intestinal obstruction. His remains are interred in the Friern Barnet Churchyard, Middlesex. He had two brothers and both served in the military. His brother, Algernon, enlisted in the British Army and had a long and illustrious career, returning from the Sudan in 1938 to live on Ridge Farm in Lalmberhurst Kent. He was made a Commander of the Order of the Trinity. He died in Tonbridge, Kent in 1964. His other brother, Ashley came to Canada in 1904 and enlisted in the CEF in 1915 and was assigned to England where he married. He was promoted to Army Pay Sergeant and returned to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan after the Armistice. He returned to England afterwards and died there in 1948.

103 While his precise location at time of death is unknown he is buried in Shorncliffe Military Cemetery, Kent. 214

Moose Jaw Lodge, No. 3 GRS, Moose Jaw [15 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Davis Robert unspecified unspecified unspecified Sgt Collingwood Angus Sylvester #426455 16th Bn Oct 8, 1916 Lt De Rossiter Walter Wrixon no RN 42nd Bn Oct 12, 1917

Qu’Appelle Valley Lodge, No. 4 GRS, Fort Qu’Appelle [4 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Indian Head Lodge, No. 5 GRS, Indian Head [3 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Qu’Appelle Lodge, No. 6 GRS, Qu’Appelle [5 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Ross Murdock James #105373 28th Bn Sep 15, 1916

Moosomin Lodge, No. 7 GRS, Moosomin [12 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Lt Mundell104 David no RN 5th Bn May 26, 1915 Lt Nicholl Christopher Benoni no RN 5th Bn Jul 30, 1915 Lt-Col Tanner MD105 Arthur William no RN No. 10 Field Jun 4, 1916 Ambulance Mount Sorrel

Ashlar Lodge, No. 8 GRS, Whitewood [8 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Stanley Robert William #104547 28th Bn Sep 15, 1916 Lt Staples Harold Kilfurn no RN 75th Bn Aug 9, 1918

Maple Leaf, No. 9 GRS, Maple Creek [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Evening Star Lodge, No. 10 GRS, Grenfell (now Wolseley-Sintaluta, No. 10 GRS, Grenfell) [3 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

N. W. Mounted Police Lodge, No. 11 GRS, Regina [31 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Parlett Arthur Edgar #A/11087 PPCLI Feb 19, 1916 Pte Pollock William John #475994 PPCLI Jun 4, 1916 Pte Whittick Harry #427470 58th Bn Sep 21, 1916

104 Noted in Annual Proceedings as a Past Master of the Lodge.

105 The CGWP Research Notes provide further information on his death: “Col. Tanner, C.A.M.C., who was making his headquarters in the Asylum dressing station, was wounded by a shell, he having gone into the courtyard for the purpose of directing the ambulance wagons. This officer was badly hit . . . . Tanner was evacuated to No. 10 Casualty Clearing Station, and was able to tell a friend that he felt the shell had penetrated his abdomen. LCL Tanner was operated on, but died at 3:00 a.m. on the 4th, just 4 and half hours after being wounded.” His enlistment papers show that he would leave behind his wife Flora B. Tanner of Moosomin. 215

2Lt Bostock Neville Stanley #117155 162nd Bde RFA Apr 22, 1917 Maj Meek Ethelbert Eldridge no RN No. 8 Gen. Hosp. May 30, 1918106 Lt Spiers107 Gavin Hume no RN 27th Bn Jun 7, 1918 Bullis Clarence Gordon Aug 7, 1918

Yorkton Lodge, No. 12 GRS. Yorkton [17 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Field John Wesley #13738 5th Bn Apr 25, 1915 Pte Spicer Maurice Arnott #81840 10th Bn May 22, 1915 Maj Livingstone Charles Donald no RN 1st CMR Oct 12, 1916 Lt Vickery George no RN 8th Bn Apr 28, 1917 Pte Connell Edward Blake #820768 8th Bn Aug 10, 1918

Duck Lake Lodge, No. 13 GRS, Duck Lake (now Rosthern-Duck Lake, No. 13 GRS, Duck Lake) [3 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Sintaluta Lodge, No. 14 GRS, Sintaluta [3 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Amity Lodge, No. 15 GRS, Carnduff [5 members served the colours] (now Border-Amity Lodge, No. 15 GRS, Carnduff) The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Campbell William Alexander Dec 26, 1917 Maj Render McKenzie no RN 16th Bn Aug 8, 1918

Saskatchewan Lodge, No. 16 GRS, Saskatoon [27 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Lt Woodcock Franklin Sidney no RN 46th Bn Oct 25, 1916 Maj Davis Reginald William no RN 75th Bn Jul 2, 1917 Pte McDougall Robert George #910973 Cdn MG Corps Nov 10, 1917 Pte McLagan William Baker #114612 unspecified May 3, 1918 Lowes John H. Oct 1918 LCpl Cushman Russell #489773 PPCLI Sep 28, 1918 Near Tilloy

Carlyle Lodge, No. 17 GRS, Carlyle [2 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Waring #73864 28th Bn Sep 28, 1915

106 CEF Soldier Detail notes that he was on duty in the operating theatre of No. 3 General Hospital at Doullens when it was wrecked by a bomb dropped by an enemy airplane. He was so severely wounded he died the next day.

107 The CGWP and LAC-CEF databases spell the name only as “Spiers” which is adopted here. His name is spelled as “Spears” in the 1916 Annual Proceedings (p 196) and as “Spiers” in 1919 Annual Proceedings (p 119). 216

Melfort Lodge, No. 18 GRS, Melfort [3 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Dewar Rory #441446 28th Bn Sep 15, 1916

Battle Lodge, No. 19 GRS, Battleford [19 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Sgt Hoskins John Edward #441280 28th Bn Sep 15, 1916 Cpt Holmes Albert Charles unspecified unspecified unspecified Lt Osborne Richard Edgar no RN 6th Bn unspecified Pte Ratcliffe-Smith Walter Arthur #1018135 unspecified unspecified Pte Shury Francis James #441321 42nd Bn Sep 18, 1916 Cpl Jefferson Wilfred #622729 44th Bn Oct 25, 1916 White Richard Alfred May 1917

Weyburn Lodge, No. 20 GRS, Weyburn [15 members served the colours] (now Latomia-Weyburn Lodge, No. 20 GRS, Weyburn) The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Hepworth Sidney Craddock #534182 No. 8 Stat. Hospital Sep 30, 1917 Little William McKay #925966 unspecified 1918

Arcola Lodge, No. 21 GRS, Arcola no report published The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Cpt Archer Howard Allan no RN 8th Bn Jan 24, 1918

Rosthern Lodge, No. 22 GRS, Rosthern [5 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Lt Willoughby Samuel Thomas no RN Cdn Tank Corps Oct 23, 1918 LCpl Sutherland Thomas Lincoln #204831 15th Bn Sep 28, 1918

Britannia Lodge, No. 23 GRS, Lloydminster [12 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Maj Bates William no RN 25th Bn Mar 25, 1916 Lt Rowles Bertie Hamilton no RN 1st CMR Jun 3, 1916 Pte McAdam George Jun 10, 1915 Miles Henry Robert Jul 1916 LCpl Bramley-Moore Alwyn #1834 PPCLI Apr 4, 1916 Sanctuary Wood

Wolseley Lodge, No. 24 GRS, Wolseley [3 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: 2Lt Grant Ivan Thorald no RN Queen’s Own Oct 6, 1916 (Royal West Kent Rgt) Colman Hugh Charles Apr 27, 1918

Estevan Lodge, No. 25 GRS, Estevan [6 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Taylor Arthur 217

Swift Current Lodge, No. 26 GRS, Swift Current [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Lt MacDonald Alexander Farquhar no RN 10th Bn Apr 8, 1917 Vimy Ridge offensive Pte Furnis108 George William #252338 42nd Bn Nov 3, 1917

Alameda Lodge, No. 27 GRS, Alameda no report published

Hanley Lodge, No. 28 GRS, Hanley [1 member served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Donaldson Harry John109 #114153 1st CMR Jun 5, 1916 Mount Sorrell

Heward Lodge, No. 29 GRS, Heward no report published

New Hope Lodge, No. 30, New Hope [2 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Ionic Lodge, No. 31 GRS, North Battleford [11 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Durby Herbert Sep 1916 Bricta110 Geoffrey Mar 1, 1917 Cariss Frederick George May 1918 Carlisle Stewart Bert Aug 1918

Golden Rule Lodge, No. 32 GRS, Pense [3 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Spring-Rise Gerald

Davidson Lodge, No. 33 GRS, Davidson [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Milestone Lodge, No. 34 GRS, Lang [2 members served the colours] (now Lang Lodge, No. 34 GRS, Lang) None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Prince Rupert Lodge, No. 35 GRS, Humboldt [4 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

108 CEF Soldier Detail notes that “in 2003, his name was found carved in one of the walls of the Goodman Tunnel under the Vimy Monument.”

109 The name in GLS Annual Proceedings is Harry Joslyn Donaldson.

110 His name appears as Geoffrey J. O. Buchta as a member of Ionic Lodge No. 31 who was serving the colours in the 1916 Annual Proceedings report on page 199 (as of Dec 31, 1915) and as Geoffrey Bricta in the 1918 Annual Proceedings (p 135) where is listed as having been killed in action on Mar 1, 1917. 218

Bruce Lodge, No. 36 GRS, Francis no report published

Wapella Lodge, No. 37 GRS, Wapella [7 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Thornton Ernest Nov 9, 1918

Ekapo Lodge, No. 38 GRS, Broadview [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Lt Dane Thomas no RN 46th Bn Aug 14, 1918

Boscurvis Lodge, No. 39 GRS, Oxbow [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Walsh Edgar Walter #460652 44th Bn Nov 16, 1916

Rouleau Lodge, No. 40 GRS, Rouleau [4 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Drinkwater Lodge, No. 41 GRS, Drinkwater no report published

Caron Lodge, No. 42 GRS, Caron no report published

Ishpaming Lodge, No. 43 GRS, Ishpaming [1 member served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Lt Doble John James no RN 116th Bn Apr 11, 1917

Landmark Lodge, No. 44 GRS, Lashburn [2 member served the colours] (now Landmark-Uranium Lodge, No 44 GRS, Lashburn) The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Gray John Wilford #887042 14th Bn Mar 4, 1917

Aurora Lodge, No. 45 GRS, Sheho [8 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Strasbourg Lodge, No. 46 GRS, Strasbourg [2 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Cupar Lodge, No. 47 GRS, Cupar [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Grayson Lodge, No. 48 GRS, Grayson [1 member served the colours] (now Excelsior Lodge, No. 48 GRS, Grayson) None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Assiniboia Lodge, No. 49 GRS, Regina [18 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: 2Cpl Downes Albert Edward #502466 3rd Cdn Div Engs Apr 24, 1917 Poole B. P. May 14, 1917 Swain P. T. Apr 1917 219

Lt Henderson James Jul 14, 1917

Golden Fleece Lodge, No. 50 GRS, Halbrite no report published

Touchwood Lodge, No. 51 GRS, Punnichy [5 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Border Lodge, No. 52 GRS, Gainsborough no report published

Nanatah Lodge, No. 53 GRS, Balcarres no report published

Buchanan Lodge, No. 54 GRS, Buchanan [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Craik Lodge, No. 55 GRS, Craik [4 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Elbowview Lodge, No. 56 GRS, Elbow [2 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Prairie Lodge, No. 57 GRS, Wilkie [3 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Hogg Oliver Mowat #475883 PPCLI Mar 24, 1917 Vimy Ridge

King Solomon Lodge, No. 58 GRS, Kamsack [5 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Canora Lodge, No. 59 GRS, Canora [3 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Imperial Lodge, No. 60 GRS, Saskatoon [17 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Sterns Sydney Smith #2193308 PPCLI Oct 30, 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium Jackson William 1918

Rocanville Lodge, No. 61 GRS, Rocanville no report published

Melville Lodge, No. 62 GRS, Melville [8 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: LCpl Taylor111 Charles Marshall #602530 13th Bn Jun 13, 1916

111 Corporal Taylor has two sets of enlistment papers. The first, carrying Regimental Number 10081 at the top was signed on Feb 2, 1915 and has the notation across it “Discharged April 27, 1915.” No reason is supplied. The second, signed on May 31, 1915 carries the Regimental Number 602530. In both sets, his birth date is Oct 16, 1890, born in Grand Valley, Ontario. In both cases his local address in Saskatchewan is shown as Melville. His enlistment-release-re-enlistment process is not common but it is noted from time to time. 220

QMS Bell Charles Haskell Oct 1916

Pte Jones Richard G. Oct 9, 1916 Lt Combe112 Robert Grierson no RN 27th Bn May 3, 1917 KIA Fresnoy-en-Gohelle, France

Prince Albert Lodge, No. 63 GRS, Prince Albert [16 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Manitou Lodge, No. 64 GRS, Watrous [6 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Outlook Lodge, No. 65 GRS, Outlook [9 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Wynyard Lodge, No. 66 GRS, Wynyard [6 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Kelman George 1917

Eyebrow Lodge, No. 67 GRS, Eyebrow [3 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Govan Lodge, No. 68 GRS, [3members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Carrot River Lodge, No. 69 GRS, Kinistino [1 member served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Lyle Edgar Herman #703640 102nd Bn Oct 21, 1916

Cypress Lodge, No. 70, GRS, Gull Lake [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Palmer John Jacob #427428 13th Bn Sep 4, 1916 Lt Drader Robert Eugene no RN 49th Bn Sep 16, 1916 Leaf William Jennings Sep 1916

Doric Lodge, No. 71, GRS, Moose Jaw [13 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Sgt Muir John June 1915 Cpt Walker113 William Hope #252224 No 11 Sdn RAF Aug 18, 1917

112 Lieutenant Combe was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions at Acheville, France (7 km from Vimy) in May 1917, when he led his men in capturing their objective under heavy fire, holding the point and securing 80 prisoners. He was killed by an enemy sniper. The VC was granted on June 27, 1917.

113 CEF Soldier Detail notes that he served as #781289 in the 128th Battalion before enlisting in the 209th Battalion from which he was discharged on May 14, 1916 to take a commission in the 210th Battalion. He later transferred to No. 11 Squadron RAF and is listed as KIA August 18, 1917. 221

Corinthian Lodge, No. 72, GRS, Craven no report published

Unity Lodge, No. 73, GRS, Unity [1 member served the colours] (now Unity-Meridian Lodge, No. 73 GRS, Unity) None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Kilwinning Lodge, No. 74, GRS, Adanac no report published

Harmony Lodge, No. 75, GRS, (Leney) Perdue no report published

Tisdale Lodge, No. 76, GRS, Tisdale [2 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Lt Eastman Harold Sidney #73444 28th Bn Aug 9, 1918 Killed by sniper near Cachy, France

Abernethy Lodge, No. 77, GRS, Abernethy no report published

Tugaske Lodge, No. 78, GRS, Tugaske [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Green114 Henry James Apr 1917 Pte Peacock John #693345 43rd Bn Oct 29, 1917 Reid John A. Jun 1917

Foam Lake Lodge, No. 79, GRS, Foam Lake no report published The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: [at least 1 member served the colours] Pte Harvey David Woodbury #888131 46th Bn Apr 11, 1917

Connaught Lodge, No. 80, GRS, Windthorst [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Tuscan Lodge, No. 81, GRS, Semans [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Victoria Lodge, No. 82, GRS, Alsask [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte Palmer James Arthur #255745 46th Bn Aug 11, 1918 Pte Lanyon Charles Edward #255807 46th Bn Nov 1, 1918

Meridian Lodge, No. 83, GRS, Macklin [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Lanigan Lodge, No. 84, GRS, Lanigan [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

114 His name appears as Harvey Green as a member of Tugaske Lodge No. 78 who was serving the colours in the 1916 Annual Proceedings report on page 202 (as of Dec 31, 1915) and as Henry James Green in the 1918 Annual Proceedings (p 136) where is listed as having been killed in action in April 1917. 222

Zealandia Lodge, No. 85, GRS, Zealandia [4 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Kindersley Lodge, No. 86, GRS, Kindersley [9 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Wadena Lodge, No. 87, GRS, Wadena [4 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Briercrest Lodge, No. 88, GRS, Briercrest no report published

Twin City Lodge, No. 89, GRS, Saskatoon [11 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918 Lt Winters Arthur Nicholas no RN 28th Bn June 23, 1918 Sinclair John 1918

Kerrobert Lodge, No. 90, GRS, Kerrobert [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: CSM Forman Harry #1713 PPCLI May 8, 1915 Pte Read Frederick Newton #McG/127 PPCLI Oct 30, 1917 Lt Tripp Harlow Victor no RN Lord Strathcona’s Mar 31, 1918 Horse

Rosetown Lodge, No. 91, GRS, Rosetown [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Progress Lodge, No. 92, GRS, Progress [11 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: McKenzie Colin John Murdock Jun 1916 Sgt Whitehouse Alfred Ernest #5857 1st Bn, KRRC115 Jun 24, 1915

Morse Lodge, No. 93, GRS, Morse [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Maryfield Lodge, No. 94, GRS, Maryfield no report published The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Pte McDonald Peter #907886 5th Bn Sep 28, 1917116 Pte Trow Arthur James #267815 5th Bn Mar 12, 1918

Evergreen Lodge, No. 95, GRS, Harris [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1915: Sgt Tinkiss Ivan Wellington Feb 13, 1917 Pte Kerr Wilfred Anson #871760 27th Bn Aug 21, 1917 LCpl Smillie Bertram Secotte #474078 46th Bn Sep 26, 1918

115 King’s Royal Rifle Corps of the BEF.

116 Date of death is given as Nov 11, 1918 in Grand Lodge Annual Proceedings, 1919, p 121. 223

Yellowgrass Lodge, No. 96, GRS, Yellowgrass [2 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Radisson Lodge, No. 97, GRS, Radisson [2 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Union Lodge, No. 98, Kelliher [3 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Goose Lake Lodge, No. 99, GRS, Delisle [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Biggar Lodge, No. 100, GRS, Biggar [5 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Cpt McNair George Orme no RN 58th Bn May 1, 1916 KIA in Trenches SE of Zillebeke

Acacia Lodge, No. 101, GRS, Imperia [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Sgt-Maj Wunch Godfrey Sandys Jan 18, 1915117

Invermay Lodge, No. 102, GRS, Invermay [1 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Composite Lodge, No. 103, GRS, Kennedy no report published

King Hiram Lodge, No. 104, GRS, Regina [13 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Naylor James Apr 4, 1916 Pte Ferguson Alexander #908039 unspecified 1916 Pte Beatson George Gilbert #475765 PPCLI Jun 2, 1916

Gothic Lodge, No. 105, GRS, Luseland [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

St. John’s Lodge, No. 106, GRS, Assiniboia [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Mortlach Lodge, No. 107, GRS, Mortlach no report published

Long Lake Lodge, No. 108, GRS, Liberty [1 member served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918: Sgt Hunt Harold Arthur #81424 32nd Bn Jun 3, 1915

Limerick Lodge, No. 109, GRS, Limerick [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

117 Annual Proceedings entry notes that he died at Salisbury Plains (sic) of cerebral spinal meningitis. 224

Shaunavon Lodge, No. 110, GRS, Shaunavon [4members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Aneroid Lodge, No. 111, GRS, Aneroid no report published

Woodrow Lodge, No. 112, GRS, Woodrow [2 members served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Broderick Lodge, No. 113, GRS, Broderick no report published

Central Butte Lodge, No. 114, GRS, Central Butte [1 member served the colours] None died in service to Dec 31, 1918

Landis Lodge, No. 115, GRS, Landis [4 members served the colours] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918 Dickson John Sep 1, 1918

Ceylon Lodge, No. 116, GRS, Ceylon [none reported serving in 1915-17] None died in service to Dec 31, 1917

Dundurn Lodge, No. 117, GRS, Dundurn [none reported serving in 1915-17] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1918 Pte McCordick Robert Peveral #2193346 PPCLI Aug 26, 1918 Monchy

Paragon Lodge, No. 118, GRS, Kelfield [none reported serving in 1915-17] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1917: Pte Macey Sylvester John #204297 13th Bn Dec 20, 1916 225

Appendix 8

Masonic Honour Roll - Manitoba

No Honor Roll per se was established by the Grand Lodge of Manitoba. The Annual Proceedings of 1915, -16, -17, -18, -19 and -20 report the names of serving brethren. The Proceedings also include names of all members, by Lodge, who died during the preceding year and only those names of members known to be serving in the forces are listed in the following material. Lodges still working as of 2013 are shown in bold. Information from the Canadian Great War Project database is indicated in italics and has been used to supplement and update original material in the Annual Proceedings. The material shows that out of a total of 79 lodges working during the war years, three did not report on enlistments of its members. Of the rest, 76 Lodges reported 1,106 Manitoba masons enlisted in the armed forces of Canada and Great Britain. Of this number, 107 members are listed as having died while on service. The vast majority were killed on the western front and have no known grave.

Prince Rupert’s Lodge, No. 1 GRM, Winnipeg [78 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Maitland William J. Apr 24, 1915 Maj Brown Ralph R. J. no RN 44th Bn Oct 31, 1917 Carruthers George F. Jun 23, 1918 Lt McLean John Rose no RN unspecified Aug 24, 1918 Newman Harold A. Nov 4, 1918 Maj Ruttan Arthur Charles no RN 144th Bn Nov 2, 1918 Pte Eaglestone118 Edgar #532351 No. 1 Cdn Hospital May 29, 1918

Lisgar Lodge, No. 2 GRM, Selkirk [16 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Young Robert Somerville #628531 7th Bn Jun 3, 1916

Ancient Landmark Lodge, No. 3 GRM, Winnipeg [70 serving up to May 15, 1919119] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Lt McClintock120 James Donaldson #71177 27th Bn Apr 10, 1917

118 His CEF Soldier Detail notes that he was wounded on May 29, 1918 during a German air raid on Etaples by Gothas and died of his wounds on the same day and was buried on June 2, 1918 in West Haddon (All Saints) Churchyard Cemetery, Northamptonshire, UK.

119 This number includes M.W.Bro. William G. Bell (GM 1891) who was included in the enlistments for 1916.

120 His CEF Soldier Detail notes that he belonged to the “order of free Masons” and received his education at Ormstown Academy (Ormstown, Quebec), worked in Montreal and later in Winnipeg, enlisted in the 27th Battalion, arriving in England in May 1915, was awarded a commission as a Lieutenant in the field as a reward for bravery under fire at St. Eloi. He was killed by shell fire in an attack on Vimy Ridge, actually in the advance into Farbus, and is buried at Ecoivres Military Cemetery. 226

Vimy Ridge Maj Shipman121 Charles Simpson no RN 78th Bn Apr 9, 1917 Vimy Ridge Pte Angus Hubert Tyndall #421053 CAMC Jun 27, 1918 Llandovery Castle122

St. John’s Lodge, No. 4 GRM, Winnipeg [97 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Jones William Apr 27, 1916 Smith James May 10, 1916 Pte Aldridge Charles Augustus #106053 1st CMR Jun 2, 1916 Grant William unspecified Pte Rutledge James William #153476 43rd Bn Oct 8, 1916 Spr Clemis Wesley #49385 1st Cdn Div Eng Aug 25, 1917 Caldwell John Dec 1917 Rudolph Oscar R. unspecified Leitch John C. unspecified Sgt Morris Harold Irwin #829789 144th Bn Oct 23, 1918

Emerson Lodge, No. 6 GRM, Emerson [6 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Whitby Charles May 17, 1916

Assiniboine Lodge, No. 7 GRM, Portage La Prairie [24 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Maj Williams Alman Clare no RN 5th Bn Sep 26, 1916 Young John P. (or D.) Jul 20, 1918

King Solomon Lodge, No. 8 GRM, Morris [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: LSgt Acheson Weir Henry #814 8th Bn Jul 5, 1916

Oakland Lodge, No. 9 GRM, Carman [9 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Bowie Hugh #892233 190th Bn Dec 15, 1918

Northern Light Lodge, No. 10 GRM, Winnipeg [72 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Laycock John S. Jun 11, 1917

Gladstone Lodge, No. 11 GRM, Gladstone [5 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919:

121 His CEF Soldier Detail notes that “he was in charge of “A” Coy at the start of the and presumed to have been killed in action early in the Battle.

122 Refer to page 6 and events during 1918 for more details on the sinking of the Canadian Hospital Ship Llandovery Castle. 227

Pte Dorman Hiram #106011 1st Field Bakery Apr 7, 1916

Stonewall Lodge, No. 12 GRM, Stonewall [19 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Stokes Roy G. E. Jul 11, 1916 Cooper Gilbert Jan 25, 1916 Cpl McComb David Leonard #86745 5th Bde CFA Jun 13, 1916 CSM Cross Albert #216232 78th Bn Mar 31, 1917

Belmont Lodge, No. 13 GRM, Morden [14 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Lt Wilton Walter Baron no RN 27th Bn Aug 21, 1917

Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 14 GRM, Minnedosa [9 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Sparks Ernest Augustus #461483 44th Bn Oct 25, 1916

Corinthian Lodge, No. 15 GRM, Rapid City [3 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Gnr Stone Robert McNaught #1250492 3rd Bde, CGA Oct 10, 1918

Brandon Lodge, No. 19 GRM, Brandon [28 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Grant William H. Aug 18, 1916 Lt McGregor Duncan Alexander no RN 8th Bn Sep 8, 1916 Hamilton123 James A. Aug 18, 1916

Neepawa Lodge, No. 24 GRM, Neepawa [10 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Booth Arthur Jun 20, 1916

Ionic Lodge, No. 25 GRM, Winnipeg [52 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: McKenzie Wallace A. Aug 28, 1916 Pte Denner Frederick #622023 7th MG Coy Oct 21, 1917 LCpl Moir Clifford James #910112 196th Bn Sep 20, 1918 Pte Whitehead Hezekiah #186834 27th Bn Oct 27, 1919

Glenwood Lodge, No. 27 GRM, Glenwood [12 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Collier Eli Ferris #150369 13th Bn Sep 4, 1916 Patrick Thomas V. May 18, 1918

123 Name appears as John A. Hamilton in the List of Brethren on Active Service in the 1917 Annual Proceedings (p 474) and as James A. Hamilton in the List of Deaths in the 1917 Annual Proceedings (p 485), but it is believed to be the same person. 228

Carberry Lodge, No. 29 GRM, Carberry [7 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Bdr Nelson John Ernest #86451 7th Bde CFA Oct 4, 1916

Manitou Lodge, No. 30 GRM, Manitou [7 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Hoskins Ronald Apr 22, 1915 Cpt Mussell John Clarence no RN 27th Bn Sep 15, 1916 Crutchfield Robert F. May 31, 1917

Doric Lodge, No. 36 GRM, Boissevain [11 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Birtle Lodge, No. 39 GRM, Birtle [5 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Deloraine Lodge, No. 40 GRM, Deloraine [3 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Lebanon Lodge, No. 43 GRM, Virden [21 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Carscadden Lorne Edgar #5067 27th Bn Aug 21, 1917 Battle of Lens, attack on Cinnabar Trench Cpl Joslin John Stanley #152859 1st CMR Sep 29, 1918

Oak Lake Lodge, No. 44 GRM, Oak Lake [3 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Glenboro Lodge, No. 48 GRM, Glenboro [5 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Temple Lodge, No. 49 GRM, Austin [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] now Gothic Temple Lodge, No. 49 GRM, Austin None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Killarney Lodge, No. 50 GRM, Killarney [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Treherne Lodge, No. 51 GRM, Treherne [5 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Palfrey Alfred J. #292400 46th Bn Sep 2, 1918

Hartney Lodge, No. 52 GRM, Hartney [6 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Oriental Lodge, No. 54 GRM, Melita [6 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Mee Edward Reed #152891 1st CMR Sep 13, 1916 229

Pte Anderson John Foster #187834 8th Bn Feb 26, 1918124

East Star Lodge, No. 55 GRM, Gretna [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Russell Lodge, No. 62 GRM, Russell [15 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Cpt Lewis Spencer Herbert no RN 1st CMR Jun 5, 1916 Clark John L. Dec 16, 1918

Holland Lodge, No. 63 GRM, Holland [12 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Haines Reginald #2130123 unspecified Aug 19, 1917 McGill James unspecified

Composite Lodge, No. 64 GRM, Alexander [10 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Wawanesa Lodge, No. 67 GRM, Wawanesa [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Vermillion Lodge, No. 68 GRM, Dauphin [19 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Dagg Frederick James #461475 44th Bn Oct 25, 1916 Pte Shaw Charles Wallace #A/24037 5th Bn Jul 24, 1916 Pte Bawdon William James #2129209 43rd Bn Aug 16, 1918

Shiloh Lodge, No. 70 GRM, Roland [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Crystal Lodge, No. 71 GRM, Crystal City [8 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Chase George Frederick #291283 8th Bn Nov 13, 1917

Elkhorn Lodge, No. 74 GRM, Elkhorn [14 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Morden Linden Thorne #892036 8th Bn Oct 5, 1917

Gothic Lodge, No. 75 GRM, Austin [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Mitchell George unspecified

Napinka Lodge, No. 77 GRM, Napinka no report in Annual Proceedings None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

124 Died and buried at sea enroute back to Canada on board an earlier voyage of HMHS Llandovery Castle. Listed cause of death was cardiac asthenia consequent on TB of spine and lungs. 230

Cypress Lodge, No. 82 GRM, Cypress River [1 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Hamiota Lodge, No. 84 GRM, Hamiota [3 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Elgin Lodge, No. 86 GRM, Elgin [3 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Rathwell Lodge, No. 87 GRM, Rathwell [3 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Ford Charles E. Mar 20, 1915 Stockdale Fred Nov 11, 1916

Midlothian Lodge, No. 90 GRM, Miami [11 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Brissenden James Archibald #186033 16th Bn unspecified

Shoal Lake Lodge, No. 92 GRM, Shoal Lake [8 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

King Edward Lodge, No. 93 GRM, Winnipeg [50 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Harvey William May 5, 1915 Pte Matthewman125 Robbie #871434 16th Bn Aug 16, 1917 Lt Beckett John Matthew no RN 3rd Div Signal Coy Oct 21, 1917 Passchendaele, Belgium LCpl Ledingham William #700150 101st Bn Dec 29, 1917 Ritchie Robert Oct 8, 1918

Hiram Lodge, No. 94 GRM, Grandview [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Lauder Lodge, No. 99 GRM, Lauder [1 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Robbie Burns Lodge, No. 100 GRM, Gilbert Plains [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Lt-Col Campbell126 Glenlyon no RN 107th Bn Oct 20, 1917

125 Another case of misspelling in the 1918 Annual Proceedings: p 685 as Robbie Matthewson and on p 692 as Robbie Matthewman. It is the same person.

126 His CEF Soldier’s Notes indicates that prior to his enlistment, Brother Campbell was a known soldier plainsman and parliamentarian. During the rebellion of 1885 he joined the 1st Troop of Charles Boulton’s Scouts and returned to ranching afterwards. He was a member of the Conservative Party and served in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly from 1903 to 1908 (representing Gilbert Plains) and in the Canadian House of Commons from 1908 until 1911 (representing Dauphin, Manitoba). His military experience was accepted by Minister of Militia, Sam Hughes, and Campbell was made a Major and authorized to raise a Company. His efforts resulted in the 107th Infantry 231

Binscarth Lodge, No. 101 GRM, Binscarth [12 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Murdock George Clarence #A/20428 16th Bn Oct 8, 1916

Miniota Lodge, No. 102 GRM, Miniota [5 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Hodnett Allan Sinclair #874211 27th Bn May 3, 1917 Cpt Evans James Lloyd no RN 5th Bn Sep 1, 1918

Crescent Lodge, No. 103 GRM, Culross [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Miller George M. Jan 22, 1917

Reston Lodge, No. 104 GRM, Reston [12 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: LCpl Whittaker George Stephen #234924 52nd Bn Oct 24, 1918

Prince Arthur Lodge, No. 105 GRM, Swan River [11 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Strathclair Lodge, No. 106 GRM, Strathclair [6 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Lansdowne Lodge, No. 107 GRM, Griswold [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Union Lodge, No. 108 GRM, Brookdale [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Payne Albert Jan 14, 1918

Swan Lake Lodge, No. 109 GRM, Altamount [6 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Abalea William M. Jan 9, 1919

Kilwinning Lodge, No. 110 GRM, Minto [7 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Sgt McKellar William David #718474 1st CMR Oct 26, 1917 Pte Harrison Orton Wilfred #252099 10th Bn Nov 11, 1917

Acacia Lodge, No. 111 GRM, Winnipeg [42 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Pte Veitch William Jack #420803 9th MG Coy May 27, 1916 Clark Walter Bruce #301393 unspecified May 2, 1916

Battalion with a strength of 1,741 volunteers, many of whom were natives. In February 1917 this unit became the 107th Pioneer Battalion which worked at Passchendaele in keeping the roads open and usable by the troops. On October 13, 1917 Colonel Campbell was admitted to hospital at Camiers with a renewed bout of kidney trouble and was dead within a week. 232

Dick John Aug 15, 1916 Geddas James J. Sep 15, 1916 Sgt Jasper William Brooks #622125 44th Bn Oct 14, 1916 Ross Charles May 14, 1916 Simpson David Sep 17, 1916 Spr Coxon Charles #500509 1st Cdn Div Engs Apr 9, 1917 Henderson Donald Apr 21, 1917 Pte Sussams George Proven #859630 43rd Bn Jun 29, 1917

Ophir Lodge, No. 112 GRM, Beausejour [6 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Barton John Nov 2, 1916

Tweed Lodge, No. 113 GRM, Brandon [29 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Warren Robert Sep 15, 1916

The Assiniboine Lodge, No. 114 GRM, Winnipeg [83 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Lt Mitchell Stanley Hall no RN 11th Bn Apr 8, 1915 Lt Muir Arthur Edward no RN 15th Bn May 21, 1915 Festubert Frank Edward Cecil #701281 unspecified Feb 9, 1917 Maj Michael Duncan no RN 43rd Bn Oct 8, 1916 Regina Trench, Somme Maj Collum William Henry no RN 27th Bn Aug 14, 1917 Pte Tabberner Ralph Kemp #72054 27th Bn May 3, 1917 Cpt Gould John Barker no RN 44th Bn Oct 21, 1918 Moore Joseph E. Jun 21, 1918

Rivers Lodge, No. 115 GRM, Rivers [6 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: Ferguson Norman Jun 2, 1916 Gage William E. Dec 12, 1918

St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 116 GRM, Wellwood [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Strathcona Lodge, No. 117 GRM, Belmont [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Mound Lodge, No. 118 GRM, Pilot Mound [10 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: MacDonald Murdo McK. Sep 26, 1916

Norwood Lodge, No. 119 GRM, Norwood [25 serving up to May 15, 1919] (now at Winnipeg) None died in service to Dec 31, 1919. 233

Penza Lodge, No. 120 GRM, Dominion City [4 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

St. James Lodge, No. 121 GRM, St. James [20 serving up to May 15, 1919] The following died in service to Dec 31, 1919: CSM Robertson Fred G. #A/20362 16th Bn Oct 9, 1916 Smith Stafford S. unspecified

Roblin Lodge, No. 122 GRM, Roblin [2 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Transcona Lodge, No. 123 GRM, Transcona [9 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

The Pas Lodge, No. 124 GRM, The Pas [7 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Patricia Lodge, No. 125 GRM, Sperling [1 serving up to May 15, 1919] None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Favel Lodge, No. 126 GRM, Minitonas no report in Annual Proceedings None died in service to Dec 31, 1919.

Empire Lodge, No. 127 GRM, Winnipeg no report in Annual Proceedings None died in service to Dec 31, 1919. 234 235

Appendix 9

Masonic Honour Roll - Quebec

At the 53rd Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Quebec (Feb 15, 1923, Montreal), the Grand Master, M.W.Bro. Charles McBurney, unveiled a Memorial Tablet to the members of the Craft who gave their lives and which referenced the more than 600 who had served in the Great War. At present we have no listing of total enlistments by brethren of Quebec lodges. The Assembly had been attended by R.W.Bro. General Arthur Currie, who delivered an “inspiring address.” A copy of the Honour Roll of the Grand Lodge of Quebec has been obtained and lists 60 members who died on the field of duty, who were members of 37 Quebec Lodges. To this number should be added the 77 brethren of the two English Lodges who enlisted, of which 9 gave their lives in the conflict. All Lodges still working as of 2013 are shown in bold. Information from the Canadian Great War Project database is indicated in italics and has been used to supplement and update original material of the Grand Lodge of Quebec and the two English Lodges.

Lodges of the Grand Lodge of Quebec

The Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Lt Rogers Lawrence Browning #110448 5th CMR Oct 30, 1917 Passchendaele Grier David Clarke unspecified unit 1917 Lt. Kay James #91779 5th Siege Bty Jul 28, 1917 Angres, Belgium

Albion Lodge, No. 2 GRQ, Quebec The following died in service: Maj Young Alexander no RN 52nd Bn Jun 3, 1916

St. John Lodge, No. 3 GRQ, Quebec The following died in service: L/Cpl Marchant Stanley #22900 2nd Bn May 8, 1915

Dorchester Lodge, No. 4 GRQ, St. Johns The following died in service: Pte Chubb Philip #437636 2nd Bn Jun 13, 1916

Golden Rule Lodge, No. 5 GRQ, Stanstead The following died in service: Pte Telford Roy F. #177764 87th Bn Oct 13, 1916

St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 6 GRQ, Quebec City None known to have died in service. 236

Elgin Lodge, No. 7 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Hopkins George Frederick #1031339 unspecified 1917

St. Lawrence Lodge, No. 14 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Pte Melluish William Alfred #24965 13th Btn Apr 24, 1915

St. Francis Lodge, No. 15 GRQ, Richmond The following died in service: Pte Wilcox Clement James #749036 14th Bn Apr 9, 1917

Victoria Lodge, No. 16 GRQ, Sherbrooke The following died in service: Cpt Miller Howard B. #300777 35th Bty CFA 1917 Pte Hovey Arthur Le Baron #231668 49th Bn Oct 30, 1917

Montreal-Kilwinning, No. 20 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Lt MacFarlane Bruce Campbell no RN 60th Bn Jun 3, 1916 Mt. Sorrel, France

Browne Lodge, No. 24 GRQ, Farnham The following died in service: Pte O’Hara Joseph #177327 1st Bn Sep 15, 1916

Royal Albert Lodge, No. 25 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Maj Evans William H. 1915

Ascot Lodge, No. 30 GRQ, Lennoxville The following died in service: CSM Scarth James Arnold Percival #110498 5th CMR Jun 2, 1916

Mount Royal Lodge, No. 32 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Cpt Steacie Richard no RN 14th Bn Apr 22, 1915

Doric Lodge, No. 34 GRQ, Danville The following died in service: Williams Harry J. 1917 LCpl Stockwell Silas Howard #748152 87th Bn Aug 15, 1917 Pte Stevenson James Hall #77617 16th Bn Mar 1, 1918

Brome Lake Lodge, No. 35 GRQ, Knowlton The following died in service: Pte West Valdemar #177354 87th Bn Oct 25, 1916 237

Chateauguay Lodge, No. 36 GRQ, Huntingdon The following died in service: Lt McFarlane127 Robert George #2125 177th Coy RE Mar 6, 1916 Railway Wood (trenches near Ypres) Lt Rowat Thomas Alexander #540450 38th Bn Jun 28, 1917 La Coulette, France

Shawenegan Lodge, No. 49 GRQ, Three Rivers The following died in service: Pte Dickson Cyril B. #110135 5th CMR Aug 18, 1916 Pte Alcock Charles #1054155 14th Bn Jul 7, 1917

Prince Consort Lodge, No. 52 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Sgt Smith Cecil Trice #132088 73rd Bn Apr 9, 1917

St. Andrews Lodge, No. 53 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Pte Bullock Thomas #66163 24th Bn Aug 17, 1916 Spr Robertson Ralph Wilson #2125251 13th Bn, Cdn Sep 1, 1917 Railway Troops

Ionic Lodge, No. 54 GRQ Montreal The following died in service: Pte Cornwall Charles William #24932 11th Bn Apr 24, 1915 Anderson John 1916 McClean A. N. 1918

Lake Magog Lodge, No. 55 GRQ, Magog The following died in service: Pte Stone Samuel Lord #27694 15th Bn Apr 24, 1915

Royal Victoria Lodge, No. 57 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Maj Warminton John Nicol no RN 14th Bn May 19, 1915 Cpt Shaw Allan Cuthbert 1916 Maj Sare Harry Frank no RN 87th Bn Apr 9, 1917 Cpt LeRoy Osmond Edgar no RN 46th Bn Oct 28, 1917

Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 63 GRQ, Sherbrooke The following died in service: Cpt Tate Harold Glen no RN 2nd Bn South Feb 17, 1917 Staffordshire Regt

127 His CEF Soldier Detail notes that he was a graduate Mining Engineer from McGill University and was quickly transferred to the 177th Tunnelling Company of the Royal Engineers which was then attached to the British 2nd Army. He was killed in Flanders, near Ypres. 238

Argyle Lodge, No. 65 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: McFarlane Peter 1917 Morris Harry William 1917 Pte Jones William John #24954 13th Bn Apr 24, 1915 Pte Lytle Ivory Oliver 3080584 42nd Bn Sep 29, 1918

Friendship Lodge, No. 66 GRQ, Cookshire The following died in service: Pte Planche Norman Everett #25993 14th Bn May 21, 1915

Argenteuil Lodge, No. 67 GRQ, Lachute The following died in service: LCpl Joss Harry Elwin #132503 73rd Bn Oct 16, 1916

Victoria Lodge, No. 73 GRQ, Lachine The following died in service: Spr Drake John Albert #490290 9th Bn Cdn Dec 14, 1917 Railway Troops

Eastern Star Lodge, No. 74 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Pte Courage Archibald #457383 60th Bn May 18, 1916 Lt Rooke James Alfred no RN 87th Bn Apr 9, 1917 Pte Peterson William #736766 43rd Bn Feb 6, 1917 Pte Floyd Charles #178127 87th Bn Mar 30, 1918

Fidelity Lodge, No. 77 GRQ, Lake Megantic The following died in service: Pte Moore Harley E. #110380 5th CMR Jun 2, 1916

King Edward Lodge, No. 78 GRQ, North Hatley The following died in service: Lt Pope Jerry Gordon no RN 14th Bn Aug 16, 1917

Denechau Lodge, No. 80 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Cpt Darche Auguste Raoul no RN 4th Bn May 28, 1915

Waverley Lodge, No. 82 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Lt Clarke Warring Kennedy no RN 8th Bde CFA Mar 7, 1918

Angus Lodge, No. 83 GRQ, East Angus The following died in service: Cpl Muir Andrew #23226 PPCLI Mar 12, 1915 Tpr Westgate Charles Denis #2066 Cdn Corps Cavalry Sep 28, 1916 239

The University Lodge, No. 84 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Lt Brotherhood Wilford C. no RN 14th Bn Apr 24, 1915 2nd Ypres Lt Armstrong John Douglas no RN 4th Div Eng Apr 9, 1917 Vimy Ridge

Royal Arthur Lodge, No. 85 GRQ, Montreal The following died in service: Pte Baxter Robert Gordon #132755 13th Bn Sep 4, 1916 Peters William H. 1917 Pte Proudfoot Alexander Turnbull #784305 3rd Bn Sep 20, 1917 Cite St. Emile NE of Lens Pte Evans Edwin Maskell #434506 31st Bn Sep 15, 1916 Somme128

English Constitution Lodges in Quebec

St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 374 EC, Montreal [50 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Lt Barker David Jellett no RN 87th Bn Sep 27, 1917 Maj Buchanan Fitzherbert Price no RN 13th Bn Jun 28, 1916 Lt Hoyles Hugh Lewis no RN 42nd Bn Aug 12, 1918 Maj Norsworthy Edward Cuthbert no RN 13th Bn Apr 22, 1915 Lt Parker E. W. Lt Stephens Laurence De Kalisz no RN 42nd Bn Jun 2, 1916 Lt-Col Yates, MD Henry Brydges no RN No. 3 Gen Hosp Jan 22, 1916

St. George’s Lodge, No. 440 EC, Montreal [27 members served the colours.] The following died in service: Cpl Vickery James #110555 5th CMR Oct 1, 1916 Regina Trench Porteous R.

128 CEF Soldier Detail notes that he was killed in the advance from Pozieres to Courcelette in the Somme Offensive. 240 241

Appendix 10

Masonic Honour Roll - New Brunswick

Although there is no known Grand Lodge Honour Roll in existence, Lodge histories have been used to prepare this listing. The data indicates that approximately 100 brethren from seven lodges enlisted and that 11 of them died serving the colours. Lodges in bold are still working. Information from the Canadian Great War Project database is indicated in italics.

Albion Lodge, No. 1 NBR, Saint John [5129 members served the colours.] (Source: History of Hibernia Lodge, No. 3 NBR, Saint John by V.W.Bro. Stuart MacDonald) The following died in service: Lt Tingley Frank Harvey no RN 5th Bde CFA Oct 14, 1918 (he was also a member of Keith Lodge, No. 23 NBR, Moncton and Alexandria Lodge, No. 33 NBR, St. Mary’s, York County)

St. John’s Lodge, No. 2 NBR, St. John

Hibernia Lodge, No. 3 NBR, Saint John [3 members served the colours.] (Source: History of Hibernia Lodge, No. 3 NBR, Saint John by V.W.Bro. Stuart MacDonald) The following died in service: Hobday Edward Ernest no record of death during or after the War130 Lt Dean Roy Chester no # 26th Bn Sep 25, 1918 Lt RFC Dawson Stephen Arthur no # 73 Sdn RFC Aug 10, 1918

Sussex Lodge, No. 4 NBR, Dorchester No brethren known to have died in service.

129 The number is calculated from information in the Lodge History: Bros. (Major, Cyrus Fiske) Inches and (?) Whitehead thanked the Lodge for the gift of masonic rings prior to departure on service (p73-4); Bros. Whitehead was a POW in Germany, J. W. (Lt.-Col. John Weightman) Warden was back from the front and in Vancouver “organizing a regiment for overseas”, Bertram Smith was in Valcartier and Lt. Frank Harvey Tingley was home recuperating from wounds received at the front (p 74). Later the history notes that Lt. Tingley had died on Oct 14, 1918 from wounds received on active service (p 75).

130 V.W.Bro. Stuart MacDonald, in History of Hibernia Lodge, No. 3, Saint John, New Brunswick 1837-2004 notes on page 50 that the Lodge records for Dec 13, 1921 record the names of five members listed as having died during the year. Of the five, that of Bro. Ernest Edward HOBDAY was unusual. He had joined the British forces in 1915 at the age of 38. A letter from him survived in the Lodge Archives and although the letter is not dated, the envelope (saved with the letter) bears the dated postmark of Feb 6, 1915. Bro. Hobday wrote that he was in the lines and apologized for not having communicated in some time. V.W.Bro. MacDonald notes that it is unknown when or where Bro. Hobday died, or even whether it was while in service, and that there was no entry under the Commonwealth Graves Commission. 242

Saint Mark’s Lodge, No. 5 NBR, Saint Andrew’s The following died in service: Sgt Cork131 Alfred Benjamin RN 135 PPCLI Mar 20, 1915 St. Eloi)

Hiram Lodge, No. 6 NBR, Fredericton The following died in service: Lt Hughes132 Chester

Sussex Lodge, No. 7 NBR, Saint Stephen

Carleton Union Lodge, No. 8 GRNB, Carleton (now meets in Saint John West) The following died in service: Duval133 W. H. Lt Lawson Charles Murray no RN 26th Bn Nov 26, 1915

Midian Lodge, No. 9 NBR, Clifton (appears and disappears in various Grand Lodge listings of Subordinate Lodges) No brethren known to have died in service.

Union of Portland Lodge, No. 10 NBR, Saint John No brethren known to have died in service.

Woodstock Lodge, No. 11 NBR, Woodstock No brethren known to have died in service.

Saint George Lodge, No. 12 NBR, Saint George No brethren known to have died in service.

The Corinthian Lodge, No. 13 NBR, Hampton Station (now meets in Hampton) No brethren known to have died in service.

Alley Lodge, No. 14 NBR, Upper Mills No brethren known to have died in service.

Howard Lodge, No. 15 NBR, Hillsborough No brethren known to have died in service.

131 Sergeant Cork was apparently the first Mason of a Lodge in New Brunswick to be killed in action (Source: 1916 Annual Proceedings, p 377).

132 Reported in the 1916 Annual Proceedings (p 378) as a Lieutenant in the Canadian Engineers and that he was killed in action, but no date or other details. His name does not appear in the CGWP database.

133 Reported in the 1916 Annual Proceedings (p 378) as a Surgeon Major and that he died of wounds, but no date or other details. His name does not appear in the CGWP database. 243

Lodge Saint Andrew, No. 16 NBR, Richibucto (now meets in Rexton) No brethren known to have died in service.

Northumberland Lodge, No. 17 NBR, Newcastle (now meets in Miramichi West) The following died in service: Maj Belyea Warren Herbert no RN 26th Bn Mar 20, 1916 (Wounded at Ypres Jan 16, returned to unit Mar 9, killed by artillery on duty)

Miramichi Lodge, No. 18 NBR, Chatham (now meets in Miramichi Eat) No brethren known to have died in service.

Salisbury (now Harmony Lodge) Lodge, No. 20 NBR, Salisbury No brethren known to have died in service.

Zion Lodge, No. 21 NBR, Sussex No brethren known to have died in service.

The New Brunswick Lodge, No. 22 NBR, Saint John No brethren known to have died in service.

Keith Lodge, No. 23 NBR, Moncton [33 brethren served the colours134] The following died in service: Cpt Tingley135 Frank Harvey no RN 5th Bde, CFA Oct 14, 1918 (he was also a member of Albion Lodge, No. 1 NBR, Saint John and Alexandria Lodge, No. 33 NBR, St. Mary’s, York County)

Zetland Lodge, No. 24 NBR, Shediac No brethren known to have died in service.

Restigouche Lodge, No. 25 NBR, Dalhousie No brethren known to have died in service.

Victoria Lodge, No. 26 NBR, Milltown No brethren known to have died in service.

Lodge Saint John, No. 27 NBR, Bathurst No brethren known to have died in service.

Lebanon Lodge, No. 28 NBR, Sackville No brethren known to have died in service.

134 In the 1919 Annual Proceedings (p 281) the Grand Master reports on his visit to Keith Lodge and the unveiling of the Lodge Honour Roll which holds the names of thirty-three members.

135 In the 1916 Proceedings (p 387) the Grand Master refers to a visit he made to Keith 23 at Moncton where he met Bro. Tingley who was “still suffering from his wounds . . . (and) anxious to return to the front . . . (and) would shortly receive the badge of the D. S. O. At the hands of the King.” His CGWP database refers to receiving the Military Cross (but not the D. S. O.), but provides no information on the gallantry which resulted in the award. There is likewise no information on his death in action. He is buried at Terlincthun, British Cemetery, in the Pas de Calais. 244

St. Andrews Lodge, No. 29 NBR, Fredericton No brethren known to have died in service.

St. Martins Lodge, No. 30 NBR, St. Martin’s (now meets in Saint John) No brethren known to have died in service.

Benjamin Lodge, No. 31 NBR, Andover (now meets in Perth-Andover) No brethren known to have died in service.

Campbelltown Lodge, No. 32 NBR, Campbelltown The following died in service: Lt Ferguson Harry Wensley no RN 26th Bn Mar 15, 1916

Alexandria Lodge, No. 33 NBR, St. Mary’s, York County (now meets in Fredericton) The following died in service: Lt Tingley Frank Harvey no RN 5th Bde CFA Oct 14, 1918 (he was also a member of Albion Lodge, No. 1 NBR, Saint John and Keith Lodge, No. 23 NBR, Moncton)

Albert Lodge, No. 34 NBR, Albert No brethren known to have died in service.

Carleton Lodge, No. 35 NBR, East Florenceville No brethren known to have died in service.

Ashlar Lodge, No. 36 NBR, McAdam No brethren known to have died in service.

Steven Lodge, No. 37 NBR, Petitcodiac No brethren known to have died in service.

Mananook Lodge, No. 38 NBR, Grand Manan No brethren known to have died in service.

Colebrook Lodge, No. 39 NBR, Grand Falls No brethren known to have died in service.

Bethel Lodge, No. 40 NBR, Edmundston No brethren known to have died in service.

Tweedie Lodge, No. 41 NBR, Moncton No brethren known to have died in service.

Sunbury Lodge, No. 42 NBR, Fredericton Junction (Est Dec 1913) No brethren known to have died in service. 245

Appendix 11

Masonic Honour Roll - Prince Edward Island

The 1915, 1916 and 1918 Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Prince Edward Island contain lists of members by Lodge who served the colours. The Proceedings also contain listings, by Lodge, of brethren who died during the preceding year and comparison of both listings allows a calculation of serving brethren who died in service. In many cases the location of death is unknown due to the confused battlefield conditions encountered during the war. Fifteen Lodges comprised the Grand Lodge during the period of the Great War: ninety-nine of their members served the colours and eight were killed in service. Lodges which are still working are shown in bold. Information in italics has been taken from the Canadian Great War Project database.

St. John’s Lodge, No. 1, Charlottetown [20 members served the colours] The following died in service: Gnr Lantz136 Walter James #92921 98th Siege Bty Jul 12, 1916 Lt Sutherland Douglas Adamson no RN 26th Bn Oct 15, 1917

Victoria Lodge, No. 2, Charlottetown [24 members served the colours] The following died in service: GNR Van Iderstine Waldren Brewer #92936 2nd Siege Bty Jul 8, 1917

King Hiram Lodge, No. 3, Summerside137 [3 members served the colours] None died in service.

St. George’s Lodge, No. 4, Georgetown [4 members served the colours] The following died in service: McPhee138 Guy Leslie

Alexandra Lodge, No. 5, Port Hill [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

136 Local information holds that Gunner Lantz was killed at the Somme while eating lunch with his gunnery mates. A shell landed nearby and he was struck in the head by a fragment and died. The rest of the group were not hurt. [Source: R.W.Bro. Phillip Randall, Grand Historian.]

137 On Dec 27, 1927 King Hiram No. 3 and Mount Lebanon No. 6, both of Summerside, amalgamated to form Hiram and Lebanon Lodge, No. 3, Summerside.

138 There is no entry in the CGWP or LAC-CEF databases and it is possible that he joined the British Expeditionary Force. He is named in the 1917 Annual Proceedings with the notation that he was a Fellowcraft. 246

Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 6, Summerside [5 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cadet Hacker James McMillan #74813 RAF Aug 23, 1918 Deseronto, ON139 LCpl Lefurgey Archie McMurdo #878 RCD Mar 23, 1918

Zetland Lodge, No. 7, Alberton [5140 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sgt Raymond Harold Gilbert #69840 26th Bn Jun 27, 1916

True Brothers Lodge, No. 8, Crapaud [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

Orient Lodge, No. 11, Souris [5 members served the colours] None died in service.

Mount Zion Lodge, No. 12, Kensington [4 members served the colours] None died in service.

Saint Andrew’s Lodge, No. 13, Montague [13 members served the colours] The following members died in service: Maj MacKay Atwood Talbot no RN 2nd Bde, CFA Oct 25, 1918

Prince Edward Lodge, No. 14, Stanley Bridge [3 members served the colours] None died in service.

Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 15, Cape Traverse [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

King Edward Lodge, No. 16, Malpeque [3 members served the colours] None died in service.

Mizpah Lodge, No. 17, Belfast [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

139 Deseronto, Ontario was home to two Flying Schools established to support flying training for the Royal Flying Corps.

140 This number does not include Brother H. J. Wells “who had taken his Demit in 1911 (and) became a prisoner of war in Germany and was remembered in 1917 when $7 was forwarded to the Red Cross in London to send “whatever they thought needful” to Mr. Wells. (Minutes April 17, 1917).’ The Pattern Set for Us, p 121. 247

Appendix 12

Masonic Honour Roll - Nova Scotia

The Annual Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia for 1916, 1917 and 1918 contain lists of members who enlisted in the services by name and by Lodge (381, 386 and 473) brethren. When members are listed by lodge, duplicate name entries removed, and revisions made by Lodges in 2013 are included, we have a total of 522 brethren who enlisted (from 60 Lodges of the 77 listed on the Register). Of this number, 51 brethren died while in service. To these numbers should be added 14 brethren of Royal Standard Lodge, No. 398 EC, Halifax, who enlisted, 2 of whom died in service. A photograph of the Brass Honour Roll listing 32 brethren of the “Masonic Lodges of the City of Halifax who gave their lives in the Great War 1914-1918," has assisted in the present research but it only provides names of Halifax brethren who belonged to Nova Scotia lodges. The names of those reported as being killed in action have been checked against the CGWP database and additional information from this source has been added in italics. Often the date of death and the location is not stated as this information was not recorded at the time of the event: the general battlefield confusion, loss of records, and sometimes lack of records on movement of personnel and equipment during battle.

Saint Andrew’s Lodge, No. 1 GRNS, Halifax [43 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj Maxwell George Herbert no RN 5th Siege Bty Feb 18, 1917 (died from illness) Lt Wright George Henry no RN Corps of Guides Sep 15, 1917141 unspecified de Lally Wood H. H. unknown unit Apr 15, 1920 unspecified Lt Mosher Bayard unknown unit unspecified unspecified

Saint John Lodge, No. 2 GRNS, Halifax [10 members served the colours] The following died in service: Sig Rafuse John Hector #2100825 4th Bde CFA Aug 10, 1918 unspecified

Virgin Lodge, No. 3 GRNS, Halifax [17 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj Burchall Arthur Percival unknown unit May 1915 unspecified Spr Howe Robert Harold #2014395 unknown unknown unspecified

141 He is buried in Camp Hill Cemetery, Halifax and it is probable that he served in the Halifax area. His Officer Attestation is not on the database so his age is unknown. 248

Ross, MD James unknown unit May 8, 1916 unspecified Lt Crosskill James Henry no RN RCR Oct 23, 1918 unspecified

Unity Lodge, No. 4 GRNS, Lunenburg [4 members served the colours] No brethren were killed in service.

Albion Lodge, No. 5 GRNS, New Glasgow [15 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Cavanagh142 Harry Allen #181028 219th Bn Sep 4, 1916 unspecified Pte Fraser Frank James #901432 193rd Bn Oct 24, 1916 unspecified143 Dunne144 William Charles #223071 unspecified Oct 2, 1917 unspecified Pte McMillan Willard Lawson #1260670 5th Div Ammo Oct 20, 1918 Column unspecified 2Lt McHardy Alexander William no RN RFC Nov 10, 1918 unspecified Lt Logan Thomas Edgar #222983 85th Bn Nov 22, 1918 Toronto145 Pte Ward Frederick Eaton #3181048 20th Machine Mar 2, 1919 Gun Coy Siberia146

Royal Sussex Lodge, No. 6 GRNS, Halifax [19 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj Delancey James Arnold no RN 25th Bn Apr 9, 1917 Vimy Ridge

142 Individual military records occasionally have problems and pose challenges. In this case the CGWP database shows Pte Cavanagh’s regimental number as 282028 and notes that he survived the war. In the LAC-CEF database the name Pte Harry Allen Cavanagh has a regimental number of 283020 while number 282028 does not produce any record. It is likely that 282028 is the correct number and a data entry accounts for the difference but this is only speculation.

143 His CGWP Soldier Notes indicates that he is buried at New Glasgow (Riverside) Cemetery.

144 There is no CGWP entry for this soldier, but there is a copy of his Attestation Paper on the LAC-CEF database which shows his Regimental Number as 223071. In addition, across the form the following is handwritten “Discharged at Halifax 22-6-16 Med. Unfit.”

145 The Lodge reports that their records show that he died at “Aviation Camp, Toronto, Ontario.” While this is at variance with the CGWP entry, it is possible that he transferred to the RFC and was killed while in pilot training in Toronto, but that is only a possibility. There is no Canadian Virtual War Memorial or Commonwealth War Graves information sheets in his CGWP database, implying he did not die overseas.

146 His CGWP Soldier Notes indicates that he enlisted in the RFC but that he was transferred to the 20th Machine Gun Company on Aug 7, 1918, then at Niagara-on-the-Lake. He sailed from Victoria BC for Siberia on Dec 20, 1918. He died of pneumonia and scarlet fever at Vladivostok on Mar 2, 1919 and is buried in the Churkin Russian Naval Cemetery, Vladivostok. 249

SLt MacAloney Ralph Gordon no RN RNAS Nov 22, 1917147 unspecified

The Saint Andrew’s of Cape Breton Lodge, No. 7 GRNS, Sydney [17 members served the colours] The following died in service: Maj McLeod Harvey Garfield no RN 2nd Bde CFA Dec 4, 1915 unspecified Lt Walker Austin Harry no RN 13th Bn undated unspecified

Acacia Lodge, No. 8 GRNS, Amherst [7 members served the colours] None died in service.

Zetland Lodge, No. 9 GRNS, Liverpool [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Burns Lodge, No. 10 GRNS, Halifax [28 members served the colours] None died in service.

New Caledonia Lodge, No. 11 GRNS, Pictou [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Hiram Lodge, No. 12 GRNS, Yarmouth [4 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpl Roy David William #86002 3rd Bde CFA Sep 25, 1916148 unspecified

Acadia Lodge, No. 13 GRNS, Pugwash [9 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt Cutten Leslie Raymond no RN 2nd Bn Jun 5, 1916 unspecified

Acadia Lodge, No. 14 GRNS, Halifax [29 members served the colours] None died in service.

Athole Lodge, No. 15 GRNS, Halifax [25 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte Elford Robert Ernest #470510 Cdn Forestry Corps Dec 19, 1917 (died from illness)

147 Although the Annual Proceedings note that he was killed in action, his CGWP database entry reads that he died in an accident and is buried at the Chatham Naval Memorial in Kent. The database entry reads that he was a Flying Sub-Lieutenant serving at HMS Hawke. This may have been a shore station.

148 The Grand Lodge Honour Roll entry shows Nov 1, 1916 which may have been the time the information of his death reached the Lodge. 250

Lt Howley Francis John no RN 26th Res Bn Dec 6, 1917 unspecified Sig Evans John Clow #VR/3626 RCNVR149 Dec 29, 1917 unspecified

The Keith Lodge, No. 16 GRNS, Bear River

Keith Lodge, No. 17 GRNS, Halifax

Union Lodge, No. 18 GRNS, Halifax150

Royal Albert Lodge, No. 19 GRNS, North Sydney [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Saint George’s Lodge, No. 20 GRNS, Wolfville [4 members served the colours] The following brethren were killed in service: Johnson J. L. unknown unit Dec 8, 1918 unspecified Cpt Ruggles Walter Trueman no RN 85th Bn Feb 4, 1919151 unspecified

Keith Lodge, No. 23 GRNS, Stellarton [15 members served the colours] The following brethren were killed in service: Cpl McLaughlin Robert Taylor #414925 25th Bn Oct 4, 1916 unspecified McArthur Arnold G. unknown unit Apr 9, 1917 unspecified Pte Davidson Trueman Bishop #223060 85th Bn Aug 1, 1917 unspecified Gnr McQueen John Park #1262739 4th Bde CFA Mar 11, 1918 unspecified McDonald A. R. unknown unit Jan 27, 1921 unspecified

Concord Lodge, No. 24 GRC, Clarke’s Harbour [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Welsford Lodge, No. 26 GRNS, Windsor [18 members served the colours] None died in service:

149 His CGWP database entry notes that he served as an Able Seaman on board HM Trawler Sapper Herbert Bennett but I have been unable to locate any information about the vessel.

150 Formed in 1855 and Warrant forfeited in June 1916.

151 His CGWP database entry notes that he wounded at Lens on Jun 19, 1917 and died from wounds on Feb 4, 1919 after his return to Canada. He is buried at Annapolis Royal (Woodlawn) Cemetery. 251

Scotia Lodge, No. 28 GRNS, Canning [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 29 GRNS, Milton [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Albert Lodge, No. 30 GRNS, Shelburne [3 members served the colours] None died in service.

Scotia Lodge, No. 31 GRNS, Yarmouth [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

Annapolis Royal Lodge, No. 33 GRNS, Annapolis Royal [9 members served the colours] None died in service.

Queen’s Lodge, No. 34 GRNS, Sherbrooke [3 members served the colours] None died in service.

Saint Mark’s Lodge, No. 35 GRNS, Baddeck [9 members served the colours] The following died in service: Morrison John unknown unit Oct 4, 1916 unspecified

The Thistle Lodge, No. 36 GRNS, Port Morien [3 members served the colours] None died in service.

The Lodge of Saint Mark, No. 38 GRNS, Halifax [22 members served the colours] The following died in service: Pte McLeod John R. #877728 185th Bn unspecified unspecified AS Romans William Franklyn #VR/2653 RCNVR152 Dec 13, 1917 unspecified Trimble Walter Ernest unknown unit unspecified unspecified

Acadia Lodge, No. 39 GRNS, Bridgewater [13 members served the colours] The following died in service: Hall George William unknown unit Aug 28, 1916 unspecified

152 His CGWP database entry shows his unit as “HMS Stephen Furnace.” The ship in question was the HMAV (HM Auxiliary Vessel) Stephen Furness. This vessel had been built by Irvine’s Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., at West Hartlepool in 1910. She was a British passenger vessel of 1,712 tons and had been taken over by the RN as an armed boarding cruiser. On Dec 13, 1917 she was on her way from Lerwick to Liverpool for repairs when she was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UB-64 at a point of 15 miles W x N from Contrary Head, Isle of Man. (source: Wikipedia) 252

Lt153 Dauphinee Owen Gates no RN 25th Bn Aug 20, 1917 unspecified

Rothsay Lodge, No. 41 GRNS, Bridgetown

Eureka Lodge, Nop. 42 GRNS, Sheet Harbour [2 members served the colours] The following died in service: Smith L. W. unknown unit Sep 1918 unspecified

Truro Lodge, No. 43 GRNS, Truro [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Poyntz Lodge, No. 44 GRNS, Hantsport

The Tyrian Youth Lodge, No. 45 GRNS, Glace Bay [13 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt McLean154 Walter Leonard no RN unknown unit Nov 4, 1917 unspecified

Solomon Lodge, No. 46 GRNS, Port Hawkesbury

Philadelphia Lodge, No. 47 GRNS, Barrington Passage [4 members served the colours] None died in service.

Widow’s Son Lodge, No. 48 GRNS, River Philip [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Western Star Lodge, No. 50 GRNS, Westville [14 members served the colours] None died in service.

Eastern Star Lodge, No. 51 GRNS, Dartmouth [5 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Foster William Gore no RN 44th Bn Nov 18, 1916 unspecified

Harmony Lodge, No. 52 GRNS, Aylesford [6 members served the colours] None died in service.

King Solomon Lodge, No. 54 GRNS, Digby [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

153 His CGWP database entry notes that he had served for 18 years in the 75th Lunenburg Regiment (a militia unit) and was a Captain when he enlisted in the CEF as a Private. In his militia career he was a member of the Coronation Contingent for Edward VII in 1902 and received a Coronation Medal. He was killed by a grenade at Hill 70 when the Germans had his unit trapped in their dugout and Lt. Dauphinee charged them firing his revolver.

154 There is no CGWP data entry but the LAC-CEF site has a copy of his Attestation Paper. 253

Harmony Lodge, No. 56 GRNS, Port Clyde [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Temple Lodge, No. 57 GRNS, Mulgrave [4 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpl Macdonald Harry Campbell #85757 6th Bde CFA Oct 14, 1916 unspecified

Kentville Lodge, No. 58 GRNS, Kentville [7 members served the colours] None died in service.

Clarke Lodge, No. 61 GRNS, Chester [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Taylor Lodge, No. 62 GRNS, Lockeport [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Corinthian Lodge, No. 63 GRNS, Great Village [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Freeport Lodge, No. 65 GRNS, Freeport [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Sircom Lodge, No. 66 GRNS, Whycocomagh [5 members served the colours] The following died in service: Mackinnon F. J. unknown unit Aug 8, 1918 unspecified

Minas Lodge, No. 67 GRNS, Parrsboro [3 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Bentley Freeland Martell no RN 3rd Bn Gordon Jun 18 1915 Highlanders unspecified Cpt Bentley155 Lloyd Owen no RN Cdn Arty Nov 23, 1919 unspecified

Charity Lodge, No. 69 GRNS, Mahone Bay [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Laurie Lodge, No. 70 GRNS, Springhill [12 members served the colours] None died in service.

Eastern Light Lodge, No. 72 GRNS, Guysborough [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

155 His CGWP Soldier Notes indicates that his brother, Lt. Freeman Bentley died in 1915 while serving with the British Infantry in France. Lt. Lloyd Owen Bentley is described in his Soldier Notes as having died after the war of related injury/illness. He is buried in Parrsboro (Baptist) Church Cemetery. 254

Ionic Lodge, No. 73 GRC, Middleton [6 members served the colours] The following died in service: Lt Spurr Edgar Smith no RN 25th Bn Jun 14, 1918 unspecified

North Star Lodge, No. 74 GRNS, Londonderry [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Wimburn Lodge, No. 75 GRNS, Oxford

Wallace Lodge, No. 76 GRNS, Wallace [1 member served the colours] None died in service.

Hudson Lodge, No. 77 GRNS, Thorburn

Mechanics Lodge, No. 78 GRNS, Caledonia

Canso Lodge, No. 79 GRNS, Canso

Mariners Lodge, No. 80 GRNS, Louisbourg [2 members served the colours] None died in service.

Lahave Lodge, No. 81 GRNS, Riverport

Zarthan Lodge, No. 82 GRNS, Pubnico

Inverness Lodge, No. 83 GRNS, Inverness [10 members served the colours] None died in service.

Sydney Lodge, No. 84 GRNS, Sydney [10 members served the colours] None died in service.

Royal Oak Lodge, No. 85 GRNS, Sydney Mines

King Edward Lodge, No. 86 GRNS, River Hebert [9 members served the colours] The following died in service: White Frederick unknown unit July 1, 1916 (Listed as Frederick White 1917 p 253 and as Fenwick White 1916 p 300, 1917 p 291 and 1918 p 284 but believed to be the same person.) Pte Hannah Erwin Wylie #901918 85th Bn Oct 10, 1918

Alexandra Lodge, No. 87 GRNS, Amherst156 [38 members served the colours] The following died in service: Cpt Pineo Henry Hoyt no RN 5th CMR Jul 21, 1916

156 Alexandra Lodge has an excellent website at http://alexandralodge.yolasite.com/world-war-i.php which contains photographs and biographies of many of its serving brethren during the war years. 255

unspecified Lt Hawkins157 Kenneth Belmont no RN 24th Bn Mar 9, 1917 location unspecified Lt Christie Norman Cahill no RN 85th Bn Oct 28, 1917 3rd Ypres158

Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 88 GRNS, New Waterford [13 members served the colours] None died in service.

Dufferin Lodge, No. 89 GRNS, Port Dufferin

Valley Lodge, No. 90 GRNS, Berwick

Doric Lodge, No. 91 GRNS, Trenton

Euclid Lodge, No. 92 GRNS, New Glasgow159

English Lodge in Nova Scotia

Royal Standard Lodge, No. 398 EC, Halifax [14 members served the colours] The following died in service: S/Sgt Hill Henry Hamilton #1262701 8th Siege Battery Aug 2, 1917 Pte McKay John William #715794 106th Bn NS Rifles unspecified

157 Lodge records indicate that he was a member of the Permanent Force guarding the Internment Camp at Amherst, NS, and that he was killed in service in 1916.

158 His CGWP database notes that he was killed “in the 3rd Battle of Ypres or the Battle of Passchendaele in the vicinity of Tyne Cot.” Lodge records indicate he was killed in France in 1915.

159 Dispensation to form the Lodge was issued on Apr 24, 1918 and Warrant No. 92 was issued on Jun 12, 1918. This was the last Lodge formed during World War I. The next Lodge to be established, Hillcrest, No. 93, New Germany, was formed in May 1920. 256 257

Appendix 13

Masonic Honour Roll - Newfoundland

At the outbreak of war, the English District Grand Lodge of Newfoundland was composed of ten lodges and the Scottish District Grand Lodge was composed of five lodges. Although no Honour Roll from the Great War has been located for either District, a copy of the February 1, 1915 Program entitled Farewell from the Brethren of City Lodges to brethren who have volunteered for active service with the First Newfoundland Regiment (Second Contingent), provides two sets of names. The first is a list of all brethren of English and Scottish lodges who were on active service on Feb 1, 1915 and a second list of those who were ready to embark. These are the only names and numbers of enlisted brethren we have so far been able to locate. They show a total of 21 English and 11 Scottish lodges brethren on active service as of Feb 1, 1915 and 19 English and 9 Scottish lodges brethren who were ready to embark — a total of 60 brethren of seven English and three Scottish Lodges. Of this total of 60 brethren, only three brethren (all belonging to English Lodges) are known to have died in service. Unlike the Honour Roll data for some of the other provinces, this list shows only these two groups of men, those on active service before Feb 1, 1915 are marked with “*.” Supplementary Information from the Canadian Great War Project is indicated in italics where this is available. The lack of any firm data beyond the members’ names may indicate that they joined elements of the BEF rather than the CEF. Additionally as new information is located the database is being expanded and it always possible that new information may surface in the future.

English District Grand Lodge

St. John’s Lodge, No. 579 EC, St. John’s [8 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] Sgt *Boone Gordon Valentine #42082 1st Bde CFA Apr 27, 1915 2nd Ypres *Butler160 Bertram R.Nfld.Regt. *Dodd Charles N. *Rendell Walter P. CQMS Gear George #901 1st Bn R.Nfld.Regt. Nov 30, 1917 Pippy Wilfrid J. W. Cpt Robertson Stanley no RN Lt Turner Jack #292 2nd Div Sig Coy survived the war

Avalon Lodge, No. 776 EC, St. John’s [11 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] *Churchill Ernest St. C.

160 Bro. Bertram Butler is a problematic case. There are two individuals listed in the CGWP database, both officers, both from Topsail, neither have personal data (such as dates and places of birth, marital status, address on enlistment etc) entered in the database. One, Major Bertram Butler, RN146, was awarded the DSO, Military Cross and Bar, Mentioned in Despatches and returned to Newfoundland where he later served with the Civil Re- Establishment Committee in 1920. Second, Captain Bertram Butler, RN258, was awarded the DSO, Military Cross and Bar and details of the awards are posted. The CGWP Soldier Notes do not make it clear that he survived the war. 258

*Dicks Christopher B. *Ebsary Samuel J. *Marshall Frederick W. *Nunns Joe Cpt *Stick161 Leonard T. # 1 1st Bn R.Nfld.Regt. may have survived war *Tuff George B. *White Charles R. Heath George R. Lever William T. Lt Watson Charles #774 R.Nfld.Regt. may have survived the war

Hiram Lodge, No. 1281 EC, Burin Bay [1 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] Winter Randolph M.

Victoria Lodge, No. 1378 EC, Fortune Bay [no information available]

Fidelity Lodge, No. 1659 EC, Grand Bank [4 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] CQMS *Jensen Jens W. #664 R.Nfld.Regt. *Jensen Phillip J. CQMS Nicholle Edward Henry #664 1st Bn R.Nfld.Regt. survived the war Cpl Tibbo George P. #634 R.Nfld.Regt. may have survived the war

Notre Dame Lodge, No. 1907 EC, Little Bay Mines [no information available]

Twillingate Lodge, No. 2364 EC, Twillingate [no information available]

Whiteway Lodge, No. 3541 EC, St. John’s [13 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] *Bernard Adolphe *Clift Cecil B. Lt *Goodridge Herbert H. no RN R.Nfld.Regt. survived the war *Jeffery Charles E. A. *Mellor Frederick C. *Mould James *Thomson James E. Ayre Eric S. Lt Carter Cyril B. no RN R.Nfld.Regt. Duley Cyril C. Sgt Mitchell Harold #828 R.Nfld.Regt. may have survived the war Shears Maxwell D. Cpt Rendell Herbert no RN R.Nfld.Regt. Sep 29, 1918

Botwood Lodge, No. 3542 EC, Botwood [1 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] Aitken Ernest P.

161 W.Bro. Leonard Stick (WM 1925-26 and 1935-36) of the Lodge held Regimental Number 1 in the 1st Newfoundland Regiment (which had earned the nick-name “Blue Puttees”). He was also the first chief of the Newfoundland Rangers and first MP for the District of Trinity-Conception when Newfoundland entered Confederation in 1949. He would serve for three terms before retiring. 259

Clift Lodge, No. 3694 EC, Bell Island, Conception Bay [2 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] Pte Noonan Edward M. #666 R.Nfld.Regt. may have survived the war Pte St. John John #673 R.Nfld.Regt. may have survived the war

Scottish District Grand Lodge

Lodge Tasker, No. 454 SC, St. John’s [13 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] *Duder Stanley C. Col *Franklin William H. no # R.Nfld.Regt. survived the war *Gear Ernest *Gordon Gilbert T. *Gordon Victor *Ledingham James A. *LeMessurrier Hugh A. *Lumsden Stanley K. *Pratt Arthur M. Barnes William E. Duffett A. G. Eaton Duneau Ledingham Alexander

Lodge Harbour Grace, No. 476 SC, Harbour Grace [no information available]

Lodge Carbonear, No. 1043 SC, Carbonear [no information available]

Lodge Northcliffe, No. 1086 SC, Grand Falls [5 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] Bethune J. G. Ferguson J. R. Cpt Hicks Henry George #833 R.Nfld.Regt. survived the war RQMS Mews Colin #1036 R.Nfld.Regt. may have survived the war Porter Robert B.

Lodge MacKay, No. 1129 SC, Bay Roberts [no information available]

Lodge St. Andrew, No. 1139 SC, St. Johns [2 enlisted up to Feb 1, 1915] Alderdice Norman H. McNeil John G. 260 261

Appendix 14

Members of Loge Havre de Grâce [transcribed from the Lodge Register by Michael Jenkyns]

Readers should note that in the Lodge’s Member Register there are three lists of names:

(1) the first list has the names and details of 74 Founders of Loge Le Havre de Grace, No. 4 GLNIR. Three of the names were duplicated (entries #65, 66 and 67) which should leave seventy- one Founders. Interestingly the Lodge Minute Book, in the copperplate script used to record the early transactions, notes in the first entry outlining the Consecration of the Lodge, that there were 70 Founders who hailed from England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, Australia, India, Malta, Gibraltar, South Africa and the United States of America. This is considered an error as the list of Founders included at the end of this Minute entry adds up to 71 Founders. The correct total is seventy-one.

(2) a second list appears to have been started to record member information as they joined the Lodge (what we would call by affiliation) or through degrees (Initiation, Passing and Raising) and includes details of 31 members (some are Founders) when it suddenly ceases and is replaced by a third list.

(3) the third list appears to a complete listing, generally in alphabetical order (but not always).

This present listing has been carefully compiled using the previous-mentioned three lists PLUS a careful review of all the Lodge Minutes. Discounting 22 candidates whose applications were balloted and accepted but were never initiated, we have a composite total of 200 members and this is believed to be the correct figure.

The sequential numbers used in this listing are for ease of reference as there is no numbering of members’ entries in the original Lodge Register. Where there is no number against a name it is because the information shows that the individual did not formally join the lodge for the reasons given in the notes.

The Minute Book records with due care the business and degrees of the Lodge. Regrettably, but understandably given the war conditions of the time, the minutes make no mention of any kind of major events occurring. The minutes begin with a Preface and History of the formation of the Lodge, start with the October 31, 1916 Consecration of the Lodge and end with the unsigned minutes of January 7, 1919. Past this date there is no information about the lodge or its members.

Founder members’ number is bolded while Canadian members of the Lodge have their names also bolded for ease of reference.

— — — — —

1. ALLEN, John Thomas — age 37 — home address Avendale, Middlemore Road, Northfield, Birmingham — Lieutenant — Royal Horse & Royal Field Artillery Base Depot, Havre — Proposed for degrees Dec 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jan 2, 262

1917 — Passed Feb 6, 1917 — Raised Mar 27, 1917.

2. ANDREWS, Arthur Kingsley — age 25 — Sergeant — Orderly Room “B”, Infantry base depot, 17th Coy, A.O.D. — Proposed for degrees Aug 7, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct 2, 1917 — Passed Dec 4, 1917 — Raised Mar 19, 1917. Appointed and Invested as Steward on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

3. ARMSTRONG, Sir George, Bart. — Commander R.N. — Proposed to Join Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Oct 2, 1917 — mother Lodge not specified.

4. AUSTIN, Lambert Henry — age 27 — Corporal and Engineer — Base Workshop, Havre — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated Mar 5, 1918 — Passed Apr 16, 1918 — Raised unknown and not shown in lists or Minutes.

5. BABINGTON, Marcus H. — Colonel, Royal Army Medical Corps. and Lt-Col, D.S.O. R.A.M.C. — R.A.M.C. No. 2 General Hospital, Havre — Founder 29162 — member of Lodge of St. John and St. Paul Lodge, No. 349 EC, Valetta, Malta.

6. BABBS, Herbert Roger — age 22 — Sergeant (S4/144095), London Supply Depot, Gordon Brewery, Peckham, London SE 15 — Proposed for degrees Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917 — Initiated Oct 16, 1917 — Passed no date or Lodge or location given — Raised in Lodge La Belle Sauvage, No. 3095 EC, London but with no date according to letter received and read to the Lodge on Dec 3, 1918. No further information is provided in lists or Minutes.

7. BAKER, William — age 34 — Sergeant B. D. — Proposed for degrees Jul 3, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Aug 7, 1917 — Passed Nov 20, 1917 — Raised Dec 18, 1917.

BARBER, William Edward — Sergeant-Major — Proposed to Join Nov 6, 1917 but it does not appear he was considered — member of Lodge Rose and Thistle, No. 3150 EC, Uitbank, Transvaal, South Africa — Proposed again Dec 4, 1917 in preparation his application to be balloted but the Secretary read out a letter from him withdrawing his application as he had just been transferred to Rouen.

8. BARLOW, Reginald Gorton — age 35 — Captain, H. T. Coy — Proposed to Join Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Oct 2, 1917 — member of Lodge Richmond S.A., No. 3045 EC, location unknown. Appointed and Invested as Assistant JD on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

BARTLEET, E. B. — age 45 — Chaplain — application to join Le Havre de Grâce proposed for degrees on Apr. 3, 1917 but there is no further reference to him in Lodge minutes, excepting the faint word “Departed” beside the April 3 entry. Presumably he was posted before he was initiated.

9. BATTYE, Oscar Albert — age 45 — private, R. F. A., Base Depot — Proposed to Join Jun

162 This number is the sequential listing of the member on the Founder List in the Lodge Minute Book. 263

4, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jul 2, 1918 — member of Lodge Hope, No. 413 EC, Meerut, N.W. Provinces, India.

10. BEECHING, Charles P. — age 33 — Sergeant — Canadian Base Depot, Rouilles — Proposed for degrees Dec. 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jan. 2, 1917 — Passed Feb 6, 1917 — Raised Mar 27, 1917.

11. BELL, W. E. — Civilian “B” Co. 5th Platoon, “Artists” Rifles, B. E. F. — Founder 58 — member of Minerva Lodge, No. 2433 EC, Birkenhead, Cheshire.

12. BERRY-TORR, J. — age 34 — Sergeant-Major, A.S.C., E.F.C. A.P.O.(1) B.E.F. — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated May 7, 1918. No further information is provided in lists or Minutes.

BINGHAM, Harry George — age 31 — Boiler Maker — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jun 5, 1917. No further reference to him in Lodge minutes and there is no entry in any of the member lists.

13. BIRD, Frank — age 42 — Accountant Officer, R.N.R. Paymaster, Hotel Tortoni, Havre — Proposed for degrees Sep 2, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct 1, 1918 — Passed Jan 7, 1919. No further information is provided in lists or Minutes.

14. BLOOMFIELD, Henry Nathaniel — Private, Base Workshop, Graville — Proposed to Join Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Oct 2, 1917 — member of Friars’ Lodge, No. 1349 ER, London. Appointed and Invested as Assistant IG on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year. .

15. BOTHAM, Harry George — age 30 — Listed in Feb. 6, 1917 minutes as “Cost Clerk” and in Member Register as Staff Sergeant, 4th Canadian Infantry Brigade, Canadian Base Depot, Rouilles — Proposed for degrees Feb 6, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Mar 6, 1917 — Passed Apr 3, 1917 — Raised May 1, 1917.

16. BRADFORD, Cecil Alexander — age 43 — Civilian, Shipping Agent — 25 Rue Foubert, Havre — Proposed for degrees Dec 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jan 2, 1917 — Passed Feb 6, 1917 — Raised Mar 20, 1917. Appointed and Invested on Nov 6, 1917 as JD of the Lodge for the 1918 Lodge year.

17. BRAY, Arthur James — age 21 — Lance Corporal, M.F.P. Prison Staff, Camp 7 — Proposed for degrees Aug 7, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917 — Initiated Dec 4, 1917 — Passed Feb 19, 1918. No further information provided in lists or Minutes.

18. BREWIS, R.163 — Sapper #5345 — “C” Company, C. E. T. D. ------Camp, Sussex — Founder 47 — member of Assiniboia Lodge, No. 49 GRS, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

163 Enlarged and bolded names are for ease of identifying Founding Members whose mother Lodge was Canadian. 264

19. BRISTOW, A. H. — Captain A.O.D. — Proposed to Join Dec 3, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jan. 7, 1919 — member of Lodge Barry, No. 2357 ER, Cadoxton, Glamorganshire, Wales.

20. BROWN, William Stuart (Ewart) — age 26 — Private, Detention Hospital, Camp 8 — Proposed for degrees Aug 7, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct 2, 1917 — Passed Dec 18, 1917 — Raised Mar 5, 1918.

BROWN, William Bertie Foakes — age 36 — A/Sergeant, E.F.L. — Proposed Dec. 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 5, 1918. No further information provided in lists or Minutes.

21. BROWNE, A. Crawford — Lieutenant — A. S. C. Old Fort Hutments, Havre — Founder 67 — member and PM of Lodge of Hope, No. 243 IC, Belfast, Ireland.

22. BRUNSWICK, Alexander Washington164 —age 43 — U.S.A. Vice Consul, Bordeaux — Proposed to Join Jul 3, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Aug. 7, 1917 —mother Lodge not identified.

23. BUCHANAN, John Scouter (Surgeon) — age 27 — Captain R.A.M.C.,No. 2 General Hospital, Havre — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated Mar 5, 1918 — Passed Apr 16, 1918 — Raised Jul 2, 1918.

24. BUMSTEAD, (no initials) — Pte. #71673 — 27th Can. Bat. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 53 — member of Vermillion Lodge, No. 68 GRM, Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada.

25. BURNEY, G. W. — Lt. Can. Corps. — Canadian Scottish, B. E. F. — Founder 42 — member of Union Lodge, No. 127 EC, Margate, Kent.

26. BURNS, John George — age 36 — Lieutenant, 9th Royal Scots, 16 Camp — Proposed for degrees Aug 7, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct 2, 1917 — Passed Dec 4, 1917 — Raised Feb 19, 1918.

CARRINGTON, Stanley Marmaduke — age 47 — Proposed to Join Dec 5, 1916 —Balloted and Accepted Jan. 2, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

27. CATHERALL, Wallace — age 40 — Lieutenant and Quartermaster, 40 Stationary Hospital — Proposed for degrees Jul 3, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Aug 7, 1917 — Passed Dec 4, 1917 — Raised Feb 19, 1918.

28. CATON JONES, F. W. M. (C.B.) — Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Army Medical Corps — no local address given — Founder 15 — member and Past Master of Friendship Lodge, No. 2307 EC, Bombay, India. Invested as first Treasurer of Havre de Grâce on October 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year.

164 In the Minutes of July 3, 1917 where he is proposed for membership by affiliation his name appears as William Washington Brunswick. 265

29. CHALLENOR, Basil — age 32 — Army Chaplain — “B” Infantry base Depot — Proposed for degrees Sep 3, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct. 1, 1918. No further information in lists or Minutes.

30. CHILDS, Charles — age 32 — Sergeant, Base H.Q. — Proposed for degrees Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917 — Initiated Oct 16, 1917 — Passed Feb 5, 1918 — Raised Mar 5, 1918.

31. CLIFFORD, William Henry — age 38 — Lieutenant-Colonel, A.P. & S.S. — Proposed for degrees Oct 1, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Dec 3, 1918 — Initiated Jan 7, 1919. No further information in lists or Minutes.

32. COBB, W. M. — Driver #85214 — Royal Canadian Horse, C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 57 — member of Thistle Operative Lodge, No. 58 SC, Scotland.

COCHRANE, Ivor Edward Morgan — age 21 — Captain R.W.F. (attached to 4th Welsh Fusiliers) — Proposed for degrees Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

33. COCKBURN, A. W. — Lieutenant Censor’s Office, Havre and Lieutenant, 262 Siege Battery, R.G.A., B.E.F. — Founder 69 — member of Apollo University Lodge, No. 357 EC, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.

34. COLQUHOUN, Robert George — age 35 — Lieutenant, R.G.A. Base Depot — Proposed for degrees Nov 6, 1917 — Ballot date not indicated — Initiated May 7, 1918 — Passed June 4, 1918. No further information in lists or Minutes.

35. COLSON, G. H. — Capt., Royal Artillery — No. 2 G. B. Depot Havre — Founder 9 — member of Lodge Hope, No. 413 EC, Bengal. In a letter from Bro. Colson, read out to the Lodge and recorded in the minutes of the meeting of January 2, 1917, Bro. Colson resigned “membership of the Lodge and Freemasonry in general owing to the dictates of his conscience.” The Letter was received with regret.

36. CONDON (Conidon, Condor), Patrick Joseph — C.Q.M.S., No. 2 Reserve Park, A.S.C. — Proposed for degrees Apr 3, 1917 — Ballot date not indicated — Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed Jul 17, 1917 — Raised Aug 21, 1917.

37. CRAFT, Samuel Louis — age 32 — Lieutenant and promoted to Captain in the records, Canadian Base Depot, Rouilles — Proposed for degrees Jan 2, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Feb 6, 1917 — Passed Apr 3, 1917 — Raised May 1, 1917

38. CROSBY (Crosly, Crossly), William Ernest — age 37 — Captain — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed July 17, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

39. CURRIE, Lorne. C. — residence Buller Barracks, Aldershot — Captain (GHQ) — 1, Rue du Prince Eugene, Havre — Founder 39 — member of Royal Gloucester Lodge, No. 130 EC, Southampton, Hampshire. [Note: There is confusion about the family name: in the 266

Founders List the name is “Lorne Currie, C” while in another list it is shown as “Currie, Lorne C” and in the Minute Book List of Founders it appears as “Captain Lorne C. Currie. The variation on names is commonplace and the two names refer to the same Captain. In addition his name is duplicated in the Founder List as both #39 and also #64 and has a line through the second entry.]

40. DALLENDER, Alfred Edgar — age 28 — Captain — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jul 3, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Oct 2, 1917.

41. DALLING, Thomas — age 24 — Captain Veterinary Surgeon, A.V.C. Veterinary Hospital, Havre — Proposed for degrees Dec. 5, 1916 — Balloted and Accepted Jan. 2, 1917 — Initiated Feb. 6, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917 — Raised May 29, 1917.

42. DANIELS, Harry Charles — age 28 — Sergeant, Signals Dunkirk — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jul 3, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Oct 2, 1917.

43. DAVIDSON, R. H. — Staff Sergeant 36th Ulsters, Field Bakeries Havre and Sergeant- Major, A.S.C. No. 5 Field Bakerie, Havre — Founder 61 — member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 811 IC, Lisburn, Ireland. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as Assistant JD of the Lodge for the 1918 Lodge year.

44. DOWNER, Charles Henry — age 33 — Sergeant-Major, A.S.C., B.H.Q. — Proposed for degrees Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917 — Initiated Oct 16, 1917 — Passed Feb 5, 1918 — Raised Mar 5, 1918. Appointed and Invested as Assistant Secretary on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

45. DUNLOP (C.B., C.M.G.) J. S. — Colonel Royal Artillery — (no residence listed) — Founder 31 — member of Ubique Lodge, No. 1789 ER, London, UK — his letter of resignation from the Lodge was read out and approved at the meeting of November 6, 1917.

46. DUNLOP, Robert — age 22 — Quarter Master Sergeant, Canadian Army Dental Corps — Proposed for degrees Jan 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Feb 6, 1917 — Initiated Mar 6, 1917 — Passed Apr 3, 1917 — Raised May 1, 1917.

47. DUTHIE, James — age 35 — Skipper, C/O D. N.T.O. — Proposed for degrees Apr 3, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted May 1, 1917 — Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed Aug 21, 1917 — Raised Nov 20, 1917.

48. DYAS, R. S. Y. (or R. S. V.) — Captain, Censor’s Office Havre (Founder List) and Captain, Chief Censor, B.E.F. Italy (second List) — Founder 63 — member and Past Master of Old Cheltonian Lodge, No. 3223 EC, Mark Masons’ Hall, London, England. At the Lodge meeting of July 3, 1917 it was announced that he had been granted an appointment by the Grande Loge Nationale Indépendante et Régulière pour la France et les Colonies Françaises but no details were provided. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as DC for the 1918 Lodge year. 267

49. DYE (Dyer, Dyes?), James — age 32 — Sergeant-Major, A.S.C. Base Depot, No. 8 Camp — Proposed to Join Feb 6, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Mar 6, 1917 — member of Aldershot Camp Lodge, No. 1131 ER, Aldershot, Hampshire, England.

50. EADE, Harry — residence address R. A. Mess, 22 Grove End Road, London N.W. (8) — Lieutenant, RA, No. 2 G.B. Depot Havre — Founder 7 — member of Portobello Lodge, No. 226 SC, Scotland. Acted as Temporary Lodge Secretary during organization and was invested as first Secretary of Havre de Grâce on Oct 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year.

51. EALEY, Arthur Herbert — age 34 — Sergeant R. E., Signals Office, Havre (No. 8704 L. Sig. Batt., R.E., A.P.O. S(1)) — Proposed to Join Dec 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jan 2, 1916 — Member of Harmony Lodge, No. 555 IC, Fermoy, Ireland.

52. EARP, Rev. Ernest Charles — age 34 — home address Canadian Forestry Corps, Inverness, Scotland — Rev. Chaplain Forces — Canadian Base Depot, Rouilles — Proposed for degrees Jan 2, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Feb 6, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

53. EDWARDS, Richard Jones — age 34 — Sergeant, 39 general Hospital Staff, Havre — Proposed for degrees Feb 5, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 5, 1918 — Initiated May 7, 1918 — Passed Jun 4, 1918 — Raised Jul 2, 1918.

54. ELLIOTT, Alfred Meadows — age unspecified — Lieutenant A. S. C., A. S. C. Labour Co., Havre — Proposed to Join Jan. 2, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Feb. 6, 1917 — member of Derwent Lodge, No. 40 EC, Hastings, Sussex, England — letter of resignation read out and approved with regret at Lodge meeting of Dec. 4, 1917.

55. EWENS, F. W. — Lt. (Highland Light Infantry) A. S. C. — A.S.C. Field Bakeries, Havre — Founder 35 — member of Zetland Lodge, No. 515 EC, Valetta, Malta.

FEWINGS, Leslie Gordon — age 30 — mercantile marine — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jun 5, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

56. FERGUSON, Thomas Browne — age 32 — Lieutenant A.S.C. — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jul 3, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

57. FIREBRACE, C. W. — residence address Frensham Place, Farnham, Surrey — Captain, Censor Staff, Censors Office, Havre — Founder 1 — member and Past Master of Lodge of Antiquity, No. 2 EC, London, England, P.G.Stwd. — Acted as Consecrating SW of Havre de Grâce and was then installed as first WM on Oct 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. Facing departure from France his letter of resignation was read at Lodge meeting of Dec 3, 1918 and the Lodge replied asking him to withhold his request as it was likely to shortly remove to England. Nothing further appears in minutes.

58. FLOWER, Frederick Horace — age 35 — Lieutenant — Army Printing Stationery Depot, Havre — Proposed to Join Feb 5, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Mar 5, 1918 — member of Paxton Lodge, No. 1686 EC, Clerkenwell, London, England. Appointed and 268

Invested as Steward on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

59. FORD, A. — (Founder #38) — Regimental Quarter Master Sgt. — Field Bakeries Havre — Founder 38 — member of St. Thomas Lodge, No. 576 GRC, St. Thomas165.

60. FORDHAM, Ernest — age 30 — A/R.Q.M.S., R.F.A. Camp 11 — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated Feb 5, 1918 — Passed Mar 19, 1918 — Raised Apr 16, 1918.

61. FORREST, William Duncan — age 37 — Lieutenant, Canadian Regiment — Proposed to Join Dec 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jan 2, 1917 — no information on mother Lodge.

62. FOSTER, H. — Pte. #81270 — 8th Can. Batn. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 52 — member of Binscarth Lodge, No. 101 GRM, Binscarth, Manitoba, Canada.

63. FOX (Fore), John Edward — age 33 — Lieutenant, 7 C.O., R.E. — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted and Initiated July 3, 1917 — Passed Mar 19, 1918. No further information in lists or Minutes.

FRANKLIN, Edward Fred — age 29 — Private, Interpreter, 1504 Art Works Cay, Havre — Proposed for degrees Sep 3, 1918. No further information in lists or Minutes.

64. FUDGE, Alfred Herbert — age 34 — Private, I.B.D. — Proposed for degrees Jun 4, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Jul 2, 1918 — Initiated Aug 6, 1918 — Passed Dec 3, 1918. No further information in lists or Minutes.

65. GARDNER, Roy Francis — age 30 — S. S., A.S.C. E.F.C. A.P.O. 1 — Proposed Aug 7, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct 2, 1917 — Passed Dec 18, 1917 — Raised Feb 19, 1918.

GATHERCOLE, Henry Joseph — age 39 — Contractor’s Agent — Proposed for degrees Feb 5, 1918. No further information in lists or Minutes.

66. GEORGE, William Reginald — age 33 — Sergeant-Major — No. 1 General H. P. Etretat166 and also at R.A.M.C. No. 3 Native Labour General Hospital — Proposed for degrees Jan 2, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Feb. 6, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917 — Raised June 19, 1917.

67. GLYN, A. St. Leger — Lt. Col. (Irish Guards) — 36th Ulster Base Depot and G.C. 43 Labour Group — Founder 66 — member and PM of Household Brigade Lodge, No. 2614 EC, London, England. Appointed and Installed (Nov 6, 1917) as ADC of the Lodge for the 1918 Lodge year. His letter in which he resigned his office as Lodge ADC was read and

165 This is an invalid Lodge number. It could be a case of mistaken reading of the number: No. 546 (which could be interpreted as “576") refers to The Talbot Lodge of St. Thomas.

166 Located about 32 miles north-east of Le Havre. 269

accepted with regret at meeting of Feb 5, 1918.

68. GREENE, W. R. — Capt. Canadian Army Dental Corps — Dental Hospital, Harfleur — Founder 21 — member of Doric Lodge, No. 58 GRC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

69. GREENSHIELDS, Robert — age 33 — Military Tailor — Base Depot, Harfleur — Proposed for degrees Jun 4, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Jul 2, 1918 — Initiated Aug 6, 1918 — Passed Jan 7, 1919. No further information in lists or Minutes.

70. GRIMMER, H. M. — Sgt. Can. Corps. — (no residence listed) — Founder 44 — member of St. Marks Lodge, No. 5 GRNB, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada.

71. HALL, no names given — no details — Proposed for degrees date unknown — Balloted and Accepted Jul 2, 1918 — Initiated Aug 6, 1918 — Passed Jan 7, 1919. No further information in lists or Minutes..

72. HARRIS, Henry Hines — age 29 — Armour Staff Sergeant, A.O.C. — Proposed for degrees Oct 1, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Dec 3, 1918 — Initiated Jan 7, 1919. No further information in lists or Minutes.

73. HARTLEY, John William — age 39 — Income Tax Adjuster — B.Q.M.S., A.P.O. S 60, A.S.C. No. 8 Camp — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed Jul 17, 1917 — Raised Aug 21, 1917.

74. HARTUNG, Carl Frederic Adolf — Captain, A. O. D. (Altitude Ordnance Datum) — Hangar 5, Docks Havre — Founder 2 — member and Past Master of Royal Somerset House and Inverness Lodge, No. 4 EC, London, England, P.G.Stwd. Acted as Consecrating JW of Havre de Grâce Lodge and was then invested as first SW on Oct. 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as Almoner of the Lodge for the 1918 Lodge year. At the meeting of May 7, 1918 his letter of resignation as Almoner of the Lodge was read and accepted with regret.

75. HARVEY, F.A. — Pte #442099 — 7 Can. Battn. C. B. D. Rouilles and No. 2 Lines Canadian Gen. Base Depot (#52) — Founder 49 — member of Kootenay Lodge, No. 15 Canada, Revelstoke, BC, Canada. [This should have been recorded as Registry of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia.]

HASSELL, William — age 27 — Sergeant, R.F.A. — Proposed for degrees. Nov 6, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

76. HAVERCROFT, J. W. — Lieutenant/Captain A.O.D., Gravelle Siding, Havre — Founder 13 — member of Lodge of Probity, No. 61 EC, Halifax, Yorkshire. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as IG for the 1918 Lodge year.

77. HEARD, G. — residence address R.F.A. R.F.C., Scampton, Lincolnshire — Lt. R. G. A., R. G. A. Base Depot Havre — Founder 25 — member of Wayfarers’ Lodge, No. 1926 EC, Valetta, Malta. 270

78. HILL, C. A. — Company Sergeant-Major, Central Training Camp, Havre and also listed as a Lieutenant, 19 Cowley St., Westminster, London S.W. — Founder 18 — member and Past Master of Suide Lodge, No. 355 IC, Belfast.

79. HILLMAN, Henry F. — Civilian — 1, Rue Scudery, Havre — Founder 59 — member of Lafayette Lodge, No. 64 GRNY, New York, USA. He is reported at the meeting of Nov 6, 1917 in a summary of the year’s activities by the WM, as having died during the year.

80. HILLS, T. W. S. — Capt. R.A.M.C., Detention Hospital Central Training Camp, Havre and A.D.M.S., Marseille — Founder 11 — Member of Isaac Newton University Lodge, No. 859 EC, Cambridge. Acted as Consecrating Organist of Havre de Grâce on Oct 31, 1916.

81. HOLLINGS, Alfred Thomas — age 28 — Corporal/Sergeant — E.F.C. Camp 17 (and No. 25 Canteen, Havre) — Proposed to Join Feb. 6, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Mar 6, 1917 — member of Earl Strafford Lodge, No. 3500 EC, Southgate, London, England. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as Assistant IG for the 1918 Lodge year.

HOOKWAY, David Paul — age 36 — no rank given, “B” I.B.D. — Proposed for degrees Jul 2, 1918. No further information in lists or Minutes.

82. HOPKINSON, Hugh Fitzroy — age 47 —Commander, Royal Navy — Proposed to Join Dec. 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jan. 2, 1917 — mother Lodge not identified.

83. HULL, James McDonald — age 30 — Sergeant-Major A.S.C., Base Depot — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted and Initiated Jul 3, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Dec 18, 1917.

84. HYSLOP, Samuel — age 26 — S. S., A.S.C. Annexe J — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated Dec 4, 1917 — Passed May 7, 1918 — Raised Jul 2, 1918.

85. ILES, A. J. H. — Captain R. A. M. C., and Captain A. V. C.167, No. 2, Vet. Hospital, Harfleur — Founder 27 — member of Cheseldon Lodge, No. 2870 EC, London, England.

86. IVES, J. F. — Lieutenant — A. G. C. — Founder 65 — member of Wayfarers’ Lodge, No. 1926 EC, Valetta, Malta. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as SW for the 1918 Lodge year. His letter of resignation was read at Lodge meeting of Dec. 3, 1918 and Lodge accepted it with regret.

87. JEFFERIS, William Henry — age 28 — Lieutenant A. S. C., Base Depot, No. 8 Camp — Proposed for degrees Jan 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Feb 6, 1917 — Initiated Mar

167 Formed in 1796 the Army Veterinary Corps was (and still is) the administrative and operational branch of the British Army responsible for the provision, training and care of animals. It is a small but technically competent corps forming part of the Army Medical Services. Unusually, although it is responsible for providing what might be termed materiel, it is under the control of the Adjutant General, who is in charge of personnel. 271

6, 1917 — Passed Apr 3, 1917 — Raised Jun 19, 1917.

88. JERVIS, Frederick Peplow — age 42 — Lieutenant, A.P. & S.D., Havre — Proposed for degrees Sep 2, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct. 1, 1918 — Passed Jan. 7, 1919. No further information in lists or Minutes.

89. JOHNSTON, William Henry — age 38 — Captain R.A.M.C., 17 Seton Place, Edinburgh and Reading War Hospital, Reading — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jun 5, 1917 — Initiated Jun 19, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

90. JONES, Ernest Cecil — age 37 — Bank Manager, Lloyds Bank, Havre (#1) and C/O Lloyds Bank, 60 Lombard St., London, E.C. — Proposed for degrees Oct 31, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Dec 5, 1916 — Passed Jan 2, 1917 — Raised Mar 20, 1917.

91. KEDWARDS, William James — age 31 — Listed in February 6, 1917 Minutes as “Accountant” and no military rank and in Member Register as Sergeant, 2nd Canadian Infantry, Infantry Base, Etaples — Proposed for degrees Feb 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 6, 1917 — Initiated Apr 17, 1917 — Passed May 22, 1917 — Raised Aug 7, 1917.

92. KELLY, Alexander Dorrington — age 38 — L/Sgt., 460194 Att. 57 Coy. Canadian Forestry Corps, B.E.F. — Proposed to Join July 3, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Aug. 7. 1917 — no information on mother Lodge.

93. KELLY, Ernest — Cdn. Capt., Army Dental Corps — Camp 11 Havre — Founder 3 — member and Past Master (1914) of Dufferin Lodge, No. 291 GRC, West Flamboro, Ontario, Canada. He was invested as first JW of Havre de Grâce on Oct. 31, 1916 but resigned from the chair on December 5, 1916 “owing to the exigencies of the service.”

94. KERR, A. R. — Corporal #79096 — 31 Can. Bat. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 46 — member of Rutherglen Royal Arch Lodge, No. 116 SC, Scotland.

95. KERWIN, Archibald Skirving — age 38 — Lieutenant, R.R.R., 1 Bax. H. Q. — Proposed to Join Aug 6, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Sep 3, 1918 — no information on mother Lodge.

96. KIBBY, Sydney Richard — age 28 — L/Cpl Orderly Room, No. 8 Camp, A.S.C. Base Depot — Proposed for degrees Nov 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 5, 1918 — Initiated May 7, 1918 — Passed June 4, 1918 — Raised Jul 2, 1918.

97. KING, Henry Ernest — age 39 — S.Q.M.S., No. 2 Base Remount Depot — Proposed to Join Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jul 3, 1917 — member of Army and Navy Lodge, No. 2738 EC, Duke of York’s HQ, Chelsea, London, England.

98. KING James — Major, Prisoner of War H.Q., Third Echelon — Proposed to Join Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined July 3, 1917 — member of St. Alkmund Lodge, No. 272

2311 EC, Whitchurch, Shropshire.

99. KING MASON, Charles Towton — age 58 — Captain — Victoria Rifles, Can. Base Depot, Rouilles — Proposed for degrees Oct 31, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Dec 5, 1916 — Passed Jan 2, 1917 — Raised May 1, 1917.

100. KIRBY, Alfred Henry — age 29 — Sergeant, Tudor Dairy, Tudor Terrace, Aberdare, South Wales — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed Nov 20, 1917 — Raised Jul 2, 1918.

101. LA RIVIÈRE (Lariviére), Arthur Clement168 — Sergeant, C.A.V.C., Graville — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jun 5, 1917 — Initiated Jun 19, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Nov 20, 1917.

102. LANE, Richard Graham — Lieutenant R.G.A. 96 Siege Baty, B.E.F. — Dates of being Proposed, Ballotted and Accepted are not recorded in minutes or members lists — Initiated Oct 16, 1917. No further information in lists or Minutes.

LANE, S — age 32 — Lieutenant R.F.A. — Proposed for degrees Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

103. LAWSON, Rev. William Rogers — age 32 — Chaplain Forces, A.C.G. Office, Havre, residing at No. 19 Camp, Harfleur — Proposed for degrees Oct. 31, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Dec. 5, 1916 — Passed Jan. 2, 1917 — Raised Mar. 20, 1917. Elected (Oct 2, 1917) and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as Secretary for the 1918 Lodge year.

104. LEA, E. E. — Chaplain Forces — Eastham Rectory — Founder 19 — member and Past Master of Lodge Hope and Charity, No. 377 EC, Kidderminster, Worcestershire and P.P.G.C. (Worcestershire).

105. LEULIETTE, Victor Jacques Joseph — age 42 — Interpreter, C.R.E., Office 60, Boulevard François Premier, Havre — Proposed for degrees Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917 — Initiated Oct 16, 1917 — Passed Dec 4, 1917 — Raised Feb 19, 1918. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as Organist of the Lodge for the 1918 Lodge year. Appointed as Assistant Secretary at the meeting of Mar 5, 1918 for the balance of the 1918 Lodge year. Appointed and Invested as Organist on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

106. LEVINGE, G. — Captain, Remount Services, Base Horse Remount Depot, Havre and Captain, Town Section, 2nd Base, Remount Depot Usine Dubone, Havre — Founder 17 — Past Master of Nanango Lodge, No. 2873 EC, Queensland, Australia. Acted as Consecrating IG of Havre de Grâce and was invested as first SD of the Lodge on Oct. 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. His letter of resignation as SD was read at the Apr. 3, 1917 meeting and a letter was to be sent to him regretting his resignation and inviting him to attend Lodge.

168 His name appears as “Arthur Clement dit La Riviere” in June 5, 1917 minutes where he is balloted for admission. 273

107. LINDSAY, Thomas — age 28 — Captain, No. 3 Field Ambulance BEF — Proposed for degrees Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917 — Initiated Oct 16, 1917 — Passed Feb 5, 1918 — Raised Mar 19, 1918.

108. LITTLE, Frederick William — age 41 — S. S., 14 Homecroft Rd, Lordship Lane, Wood Green, London — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jun 5, 1917 — Initiated Jun 19, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Nov 20, 1917.

109. LITTLE, Robert — age 26 — listed in February 6, 1917 Minutes as “Woodworking Machinist” and in Member Register as Private, Canadian Section, G.H.Q., 3rd Echelon — Proposed for degrees Feb 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 6, 1917 — Initiated Apr 17, 1917 — Passed May 22, 1917 — Raised Aug 7, 1917.

110. LONDON, James Livingstone — age 51 — Major, R.A.M.C. Casino Section, Havre — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jul 3, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Oct 2, 1917. Appointed as Steward at the meeting of Mar 5, 1918 for the balance of the 1918 Lodge year.

111. LONG, W. H. B. — Major Irish Gds, no residence listed and J.S. No. 5, J.B.D., Rouen — Founder 23 — member of Friendship and Society Lodge, No. 372 EC, London (This is the name and number as per Founder List in Minute Book, but Lane’s Masonic Records 1717- 1894 does not agree as late as 1894. It is possible that it was a newer Lodge with a Warrant number higher than 2543 and possibly a final digit in the number has been dropped.)

112. LOVELESS, Harold Clyde — age 26 — Red X Officer, H.Q. B.R.C.S.169, Havre — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jul 3, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Nov 20, 1917 (where his name is spelled “Lovelace” in Lodge minutes).

113. MANSELL, A. E. (E. A.) — Captain — A. M. L. D. Havre — Founder 70 — member and PM of St. Leonards Lodge, No. 1842 EC, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, England, P.P.S.G.D. (UK).

114. MANSON, Malcolm — age 30 — Captain, R.A.M.C. — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jul 3, 1917 — Passed Sep 4, 1917 — Raised Oct 2, 1917.

MARSH, Wilfrid Lawson — age 37 — Chaplain Forces — Proposed for degrees Oct 1, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Dec 3, 1918.No further information in member lists or Minutes.

115. MARTIN, Frederick — Lieutenant, Grenadier Guards, G.B.D. — Proposed to Join Dec 4, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Feb 5, 1918 —member of Rainbow Lodge, No.

169 British Red Cross Searcher. 274

3079 EC, Harrismith, Orange River Colony, South Africa170. Elected (Oct 1, 1918) and Installed (Dec 3, 1918) as WM for the 1919 Lodge year.

116. MARTYN, V. A. — Major R. A. M. C. — (no residence listed) — Founder 26 — member of New Monkland Lodge, No. 88 SC.

117. MATHER, Andrew Williamson — age 34 — Sergeant-Major R.A.M.C. — 40 Stat. Hospital, B.E.F. —residence 62 Lacy St., Ipswich, UK — Accountant — Proposed for degrees May 7, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Aug 6, 1918 — Initiated Oct. 1, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

MATTHEW, M. — Captain — Proposed for degrees Dec 3, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

118. MATTHEWS, William B. — Civilian — 4, Place Frederic Sawage, St. Addresse — Founder 60 — member of Holland Lodge, No. 1 GR Texas, Houston.

119. McKINNON, D. — Lt. Canadian Corps — (no residence listed) — Founder 34 — member of Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 88 GRC171.

120. MCLEOD, N. — Major, Cameron Highlanders — Oriental Club, London — Founder 16 — member and Past Master of Lodge Industry and Perseverance, No. 109 EC, Calcutta, Bengal, India and P.D.J.G.D, Bengal. Invested as first JW of Havre de Grâce on Oct. 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. His letter of resignation was read out and approved with regrets at Lodge meeting of Dec. 4, 1917.

121. McMURDO, D. — Pte. #477659 — Royal Canadian Regiment C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 54 — member of Lodge, No. 156 SC, Kilbarchan, Scotland.

122. MCNEIL, William Bruce — age 36 — Listed in Feb 6, 1917 Minutes as “Decorator” and in Member Register as Sergeant-Major, Canadian Section, G.H.Q., 3rd Echelon — Proposed for degrees, Balloted and Accepted Feb 6, 1917 — Initiated Apr 17, 1917 — Passed May 22, 1917 — Passed Aug 7, 1917.

MILLER, John Edward — age 44 — Lieutenant, A.S.C. — 2nd Aux. H.T. Coy., Havre — Proposed for initiation Apr 2, 1918. His application was withdrawn at Lodge meeting of May 7, 1918 with regret.

170 This is an interesting challenge. The name and location of the Lodge, “Harrismith, Orange River Colony, South Africa” is clearly written in the Minutes, but this appears to be incorrect. If the number is correct as “3079" this would refer to Rainham Lodge, Orsett, Essex. This would be link clearly with Brother Martin’s career as a member of Wanderers Lodge, London (No. 4600 EC), Rainbow Lodge (no location given), Essex Masters Lodge (no location given but probably No. 3256 EC, Colchester, Essex), Past J Comrades Chapter, Scribe E Rainbow Chapter, Life Governor of Benevolent and Boy`s Institution, Assistant G.D.C. Essex.

171 The Lodge reference is incorrect. I believe the Lodge Secretary used the acronym “G.R.C.” to mean a “Canadian Lodge.” Investigation has shown that Bro. Dougald McKinnon hailed from Cape Breton and had been initiated into St. Marks 35 GRNS at Baddeck. He later demitted and affiliated with Maple Leaf No. 88 GRNS, New Waterford, NS. Further details are provided in Appendix 15. 275

123. MILLIGAN (Mulligan), Benjamin — age 32 — Company Sergeant-Major, Central Training Camp — Proposed for degrees Dec 5, 1916 — Balloted and Accepted Jan 2, 1917 — Initiated Mar 6, 1917 — Passed Apr 3, 1917 — Raised Aug 7, 1917. His letter of resignation read out and approved with regrets at Lodge meeting of Dec. 4, 1917.

124. MILLS, Henry Walton (also shown as Walter or Walker Henry) — age 32 — Lieutenant Canadian Forces (and promoted later to Major) Canadian Base Depot, Rouilles — Proposed for degrees Feb. 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted and Initiated Mar. 6, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917 — Raised May 1, 1917.

MOORE, Charles Howard — age 29 — Captain C.A.D.C. — Proposed for degrees Mar. 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Apr. 3, 1917 —

125 MOORE, Sam — age 35 — R.Q.M.S., 35 Alice St., Rochdale — Proposed for degrees Mar 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Apr 3, 1917 — Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed Jul 17, 1917 — Raised Aug 21, 1917

126. MOWATT, T. — Sergeant, “B” I.B.D. — Proposed to Join Apr. 3, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined May 1, 1917 — member of St. Andrews Lodge, No. 501 SC, Scotland and Invicta Lodge No. 2440 ER, England. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as Assistant Secretary for the 1918 Lodge year. Appointed and Invested as JD on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

127. MORTIMER, no names given — no details in any record — Proposed for degrees unknown date — Balloted and Accepted Mar 5, 1918 — Initiated Jun 4, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

128. MULHOLLAND (Mullholland), John Allen — age 37— Private, A.O.D. Hangar Q, Havre — Proposed for degrees Apr 3, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted May 1, 1917 — Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed Jul 17, 1917 — Raised Sep 4, 1917

129. MURPHY, Thomas Cyril Rowe — age 32 — Lieutenant, D.A.D.R.T. Havre — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jun 5, 1917 — Passed Jul 17, 1917 — Raised Aug 21, 1917.

130. MYERS, (FRS, MD) C. S. — Lt.-Col. Royal Army Medical Services — Bureau Medical Army Anglaise Abbeville — Founder 8 — member and Past Master of Alma Mater Lodge, No. 1492 EC, Cambridge, and P.P.S.G.D, Cambridgeshire. Invested as first DC of Le Havre de Grâce Lodge on Oct. 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. His letter of resignation was read out and approved with regrets at Lodge meeting of Dec. 4, 1917.

131. NAYLOR, Rev. A. T. A. — Rev. Chaplain Forces, No. 1 Base Hd. Qtrs. and S.C.F. Military Church, Camp 15 (and listed as Serving Chaplain to the Forces in the Lodge Minute Book) — Founder 12 — member of St. Lawrence Lodge, No. 2330 EC, Pudsey, Yorkshire. Invested as first IG of Havre de Grâce on Oct. 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. At the meeting of Jun 4, 1918 he resigned his office as SD. Appointed and Invested as JW on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year. 276

132. NEIL (Neal), Reginald Cavan — age 36 — Captain, R.A.M.C. Hotel-des-Emigrants, No. 2 Gen. Hospital, Havre — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated Mar. 5, 1918 — Passed Apr 16, 1918 — Raised Jul 2, 1918.

NEWMAN, William — age 27 — Private, Wheelwright A.O.C. Workshops — residence 198 Starbridge Rd., Lye, Worcestershire — Proposed for Initiation Aug. 6, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

NEUSON (Newson), Percy Harold — age 30 — Chemical Engineer — Proposed May 1, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jun 5, 1917. No further reference to him in Lodge minutes.

133. NIGHTINGALE, Sir Edward Manners, Bart. — age 29 — Lieutenant, A.O.D. Docks, Havre — Proposed for degrees date unknown — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Aug 7, 1917 — Passed Nov 20, 1917 — Raised Dec 18, 1917. Appointed and Invested as Almoner on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

134. NORBURN, W. J. — Major, A.O.D. — Gravelle Siding Havre — Founder 4 — member and Past Master of Clarence Lodge, No. 2386 EC, Malta, P.G.D.S.W. and P.G.J.D. (Malta). Acted as Consecrating DC of Le Havre de Grâce Lodge and was then invested as first IPM on October 31, 1916, but resigned from the chair on December 5, 1916 “owing to the exigencies of the service.”

135. PARK, Cuthbert Percival — age 29 — Staff Sergeant, Intelligence Corps. — Proposed for degrees Jul 2, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Aug 6, 1918 — Initiated Oct. 1, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

136. PARROTT, H. J. — Sergeant #79875, 31 Canadian Batt, G.B.D. — Founder 45 — member of Sir Andrew Fraser Lodge, No. 3289 EC, Bengal, India.

137. PARRY-EVANS, Rev. J. D. S. — Chaplain Forces, A.C.G. H.Q., Havre (listed in Lodge Minutes as Assistant Chaplain General) — Founder 6 — member and Past Master of Aldershot Army and Navy Lodge No. 1971 EC, Aldershot, Hampshire, P.D.G.C. (Transvaal). Acted as Consecrating Chaplain of Havre de Grâce and was Invested as First Treasurer on Oct. 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. At the Lodge meeting of June 5, 1917 it was announced that he had been appointed as Past Assistant Grand Chaplain of the United Grand Lodge of England. He was elected as WM at the meeting of Oct. 2, 1917 and installed for the 1918 Lodge year. Elected (Oct.2, 1917) and Installed (Nov 1917) as WM for the 1918 Lodge year.

138. PARVIN, C. — Capt. 2nd Border Regt. — Central Training Camp Havre — Founder 24 — member of Lodge Anchor and Hope, No. 1093 EC, Madras, India.

139. PATTERSON, Rev. H. D. N. — Chaplain Forces — Proposed to Join Sep 4, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Oct. 2, 1917 — mother Lodge not specified but he is listed as P. G. C. (Herts)

140. PAWLEY, Richard William — age 42 — Gunner (no address) — Proposed for degrees unknown date — Balloted and Accepted Oct 2, 1917 — Initiated Oct 16, 1917. No further 277

information in member lists or Minutes.

PAYNE, Douglas — age 46 — 2nd Lieutenant, A.S.C. — Proposed for degrees Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted July 3, 1917. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

141. PEARSON, John Frederick — age 38 — S.S., A.S.C. 14 Com Depot, A.P.O. S60 — Proposed to Join Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted and Joined July 3, 1917 — member of Pinner Lodge, No. 3300 EC, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England.

142. PENFOLD, Percy — age 25 — Clerk, B.R.C.S. — Proposed for degrees Oct 1, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Dec 3, 1918 — Initiated Jan. 7, 1919. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

143. PHILLIPS, Frank Edward — age 36 — Sergeant-Major “B”, 9 B.D. — Proposed for degrees Jun 4, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Jul 2, 1918 — Initiated Aug. 6, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

144. POTTER, T. J. — Major R. A. M. C. — (no residence listed) — Founder 36 — member of Lodge Orion in the West, No. 415 EC, (Poona) Bombay, India.

145. PRINCE, John Henry — age 32 — Stevedore, Canadian, 32 Rue Fulton, Havre — Proposed to Join Apr 2, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jul 2, 1918 — member of Prince Consort Lodge, No. 52 GRQ, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

146. RADCLIFFE, John Henry — age 35 — S.S., A.S.C. — Proposed for degrees Nov 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jul 2, 1918 — Initiated Aug. 6, 1918 — Passed Dec. 3, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

147. READER, George Edward Harold — Lieutenant A.O.D., Graville — age 31 — Proposed for degrees October 31, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Dec. 5, 1916. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

148. REYNOLDS, Alexander Robert — age 29 — Sergeant-Major, A. S. C., A. D. T. Office, Havre — Proposed for degrees Dec. 5, 1916 — Balloted and Accepted Jan. 2, 1917 — Initiated Feb. 6, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917 — Raised May 29, 1917.

149. RITCHIE, R. — age 29 — Sgt. #71234 Can. Corps. — (no residence listed) — Founder 43 — member of King Edward Lodge, No. 93 GRM, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

150. ROBERTSON, A. S. S. M. — Capt. R. A. M. C. — Military Hospital Vernon Park, Stockport — Founder 22 — member of St. Trillo Lodge, No. 2569172 EC, Colwyn Bay, North Wales, England.

172 Assuming that the Lodge names for the two Robertson’s are correct, and that they are both located in the British Isles, the present numbers are correct according to UGLE records and the numbers appearing in the minutes are incorrect. Time did not permit contact with the Lodges to verify this. 278

ROBERTSON, Bertrand Benjamin Ridgewell — age 45 — Lieutenant, A.P.M., The Yard, Havre — Proposed for joining Apr 2, 1918 — EA and FC in Royal Military Lodge, No. 1449 EC, Canterbury, Kent, England — application to join was withdrawn at Lodge meeting of May 7, 1918 with regret due to unforeseen circumstances but his name appears as a candidate for Raising on Jul 2, 1918 and he took the degree, probably as a visiting candidate.

151. ROSS, W. — Pte. #126303 14 Can. Battn. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 50 — member of King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 43 GRC, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada.

152. SARGENT, Percy (MB, FRCS) — Colonel — C/O D. D. M. S., Boulogne — Founder 68 — member and PM of Cheselden Lodge, No. 2870 EC, London, England, P.G.D. (UK). His letter of resignation from the Lodge was read out and approved at the meeting of November 6, 1917.

153. SCHOFIELD, John Frank — age 32 — Lieutenant/Captain, Royal Engineers — Proposed for degrees Mar. 6, 1917 but there is no further reference to him in Lodge minutes and he may not have been put forward at that time — Proposed for Initiation Oct 1, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Dec 3, 1918 — Initiated Jan. 7, 1919. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

154. SHIMELD, E. D. — Lieutenant, Q.M., Remount Corps & Svce, No. 2 Base, Remounts — Founder 20 — member and Past Master of Malwa Lodge, No. 1994 EC, Mhow, (Indore), Central Provinces, India. Facing departure from France his letter of resignation was read at Lodge meeting of Dec. 3, 1918 and Lodge replied asking him to withhold his request as Lodge was likely to shortly remove to England. Nothing further appears in minutes.

155. SHIRT, A. J. — Regimental Sergeant-Major, Cavalry — Proposed to Join, Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jan. 7, 1919 — member of Castle Lodge, No. 1436 EC, Sandgate (Dover), Kent.

156. SHOTTEN, George — age 47 — Staff Sergeant Major, Supply Depot, Harfleur — Proposed for degrees Jun 4, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Jul 2, 1918 — Initiated Aug 6, 1918 — Passed Dec 3, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

157. SHUTER, Arthur — age 36 —L/Cpl., Lucknow Barracks Room, Tidworth, Hants. — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Jun 5, 1917 — Initiated Jun 19, 1917 — Passed Aug 21, 1917 — Raised Oct 2, 1917.

158. SMITH, Harry (Henry) Wayte — age 31 — Captain A.S.C. — Proposed for degrees Jan. 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Feb. 6, 1917 — Initiated Mar. 6, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

159. SOUTHAM, Filmer — age 32 — Sergeant, A.S.C. No. 5 Field Bakeries, Havre — Proposed for degrees Nov 6, 1917 — [no dates for ballot and acceptance appear in any minutes] — Initiated Apr. 2, 1918 — Passed May 7, 1918 — Raised July 2, 1918.

160. SOUTHEY, Bryan Inglis — age 43 — Major, Royal Engineers — Inland Water Transport, 279

Havre — Proposed for degrees Dec. 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Jan. 2, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917 — Raised June 19, 1917.

161. SPENCER, C. R. — Rev. Chaplain Forces — 7th Can. Staty Hospital and Kitchener Military Hospital, Brighton — Founder 55 — member of J. B. Hall Lodge, No. 145 GRC, Millbrook, Ontario, Canada.

162. SPENCER, Frederick James — age 38 — Corporal, Sanitary Engineers, A.O.C. Base Workshops — residence 15 Ferguson St., Marylands, Perth, W. Australia — Proposed for degrees Aug. 6, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Oct. 1, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

163. STARK, F. B. — Captain, A.I.F. — Proposed to Join, Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jan. 7, 1919 — member of Hammersmith Lodge, No. 2090 EC, Hammersmith, UK.

164. STEPHENS, Rev. Edwards. — Chaplain Forces, A.P.O. S60, Trouville — Founder 5 — Member and Past Master of Malling Abbey Lodge, No. 1063 EC, West Malling, Kent, England. Invested as first Chaplain of Havre de Grâce on Oct. 31, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. His “Letter of Regret” was read out to the Lodge at the Apr. 3, 1917 meeting (it is assumed that this was his withdrawal from the Lodge and he may have returned to England around that time). At the Lodge meeting of June 5, 1917 it was announced that he had been appointed as Past Provincial Grand Chaplain (Kent).

165. STEPHENS, T. — Sergeant #5912 — Bomber Ammunition Column, Royal Can. H. Arty. C. B. D. — Founder 48 — member of Lodge of Peace and Harmony, No. 496 EC, St. Austell, Cornwall.

166. STEWART (STUART), W. C. — Captain, C.A.D.C., Canadian Dental Store, 167 Bd. Strasbourg, Havre — Founder 41 — member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville, Ontario, Canada173. [Note: The entry, written as “Stewart” has been made twice in the Founder List and the duplicate entry (#67) has a line through it. In another listing the spelling of the name has been written as “Stuart” but all three entries appear to apply to the same individual.] Elected (Oct 2, 1917) and Installed (Nov 6, 1917) as Treasurer for the 1918 Lodge year. Elected (Oct 1, 1918) and Installed (Dec 3, 1918) as Treasurer for the 1919 Lodge year.

167. STOBO, Gavin — age 28 — Sergeant, Annexe J, Havre — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated Dec 4, 1917 — Passed May 7, 1918 — Raised Jul 2, 1918.

168. STONE, George — age 38 — Q.M.S., R.E. — Proposed to join Apr. 3, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted and Joined May 1, 1917 — member and PM of Needles Lodge 2838 EC, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, England. Appointed and Invested as DC on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

173 Now The Belleville - Temple Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville. 280

STONE, P. — Q.M.S., C/O 1504 (A.W.) Coy. R.E., Havre — Initiated no date specified — Passed no date specified — Raised no date specified. Name appears in alphabetical member listing but is not mentioned in any Minute.

169. STOYLE, A. — Lt. Royal Artillery — (no residence listed) — Founder 32 — member of Ubique Lodge, No. 1789 EC, London, UK.

SUCKLING, William — age 35 — Staff Sergeant-Major A.S.C. — Proposed for degrees Feb 5, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 5, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

170. SURTEES, R. L. Captain, Shropshire Light Infantry, Camp 16 — Founder 28 — member of Lambton Lodge, No. 375 EC, Chester-le-Street, Durham. Appointed and Invested as SW on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

171. TASKER, Alfred Reginald — L/Cpl, Casino Section, No. 2 General Hospital — Proposed for degrees date unknown — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Mar 5, 1918 — Passed Apr 16, 1918 — Raised Jul 2, 1918. Elected (Oct 1, 1918) and Invested as Tyler on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

172. TAYLOR, A. R. — Captain Canadian Army medical Corps — (no residence listed) — Founder 33 — member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 4, G.R.Canada174 — his letter of resignation from the Lodge was read out and approved at the meeting of November 6, 1917.

THOMAS, F. W. — Captain, C/O 40 Stationary Hospital — appears in member list with no details of any degrees.

173. THOMPSON, Robert Ernest — age 25 — S.S., A.S.C. — Proposed for degrees Nov 6, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 5, 1918 — Initiated Jun 4, 1918 — Passed Dec 3, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

174. TRAVES, Sidney — age 24 — Driver, No. 8 Camp, A.S.C. Base Depot — Proposed to Join Jun 5, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined July 3, 1917 — member of Burdon Lodge, No. 3188 EC, Gosforth, Northumberland, England.

175. TROKE, George Arthur — age 32 — Quarter-Master Sergeant — No. 3 Military Prison — Proposed to Join Sep 3, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Oct. 1, 1918 — member of Farnborough and North Camp Lodge, No. 2203 EC, Farnborough, Hampshire, England.

176. TURNER, William Joseph — age 21 — Motor Engineer — no residence listed — Proposed for degrees May 1, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated June 5, 1917. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

174 This is the List of Founders in the front section of the Lodge Minute Book. It is erroneous and should refer to “No. 3, G.R. Canada” as being Ancient St. John’s Lodge of Kingston. No. 4 had been used for Dorchester Lodge of St. John’s Canada East from 1859 to 1874. 281

TWOKEY (Twohey), Alexander Cornelius — age 35 — Regimental Sergeant-Major — Proposed for degrees Oct 1, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Dec 3, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

177. UNDERWOOD, Frank Roden — Lieutenant, C/O Lt. Vercoe, R.G.A. Base — Proposed to Join Jan 2, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Feb. 6, 1917 — member of Lodge Beneventa, No. 2380 EC, Daventry, Northamptonshire, England. Letter of resignation read out and approved with regrets at Lodge meeting of Dec. 4, 1917.

178. VAN VELDEN, George Francis Willem Reitz — age 28 — Lieutenant M. C., Training School No. 2 Aux. Horse, T. Coy. — Proposed for degrees Oct 2, 1917 — Balloted and Accepted Nov 6, 1917 — Initiated Feb 5, 1918 — Passed Mar 19, 1918 — Raised Apr 16, 1918.

179. VERCOE, Edmund — Lieutenant R. G. A., R.G.A. Base Depot, Havre — Founder — member of Phoenix Lodge, No. 1860 EC, Simonstown, South Africa. Appointed as first JD of Havre de Grâce Lodge on Oct 31, 1916 but was absent from meeting and was invested on Dec 5, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as JW for the 1918 Lodge year.

180. VERNON, F. — Bandsman Pte. #86236 — 31st Can. Battn. Central Training Camp, Harfleur — Founder 56 — member of Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GRC175, Canada.

181. WAKELIN, A. B. — Lt. Col. A. S. C. — No. 8 Camp, A.F.C., Base Depot — Founder 40 — member of St. John the Evangelist Lodge, No. 1483 EC, Mian Mir (Lahore), Punjab, India. [Note: The entry has been made twice in the Founder List (#40 and #66) and the duplicate entry (#66) has a line through it.]

182. WALE, Charles James — age 46 — Lieutenant and Quartermaster, R.H. & R.L.A. Base Depot — Proposed for degrees Oct 31, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Dec 5, 1916 — Passed Jan 2, 1917 — Raised Mar 20, 1917. Appointed and Invested (Nov 6, 1917) as Chief Steward for the 1918 Lodge year.

183. WALKER, Thomas Monteith — Private #13713 3rd Scots Guards, T Company, Wellington Barracks, London — Founder 64 — member and Past Tyler of Scotia Lodge, No. 178 SC, Scotland. Elected as first Tyler of Havre de Grâce on Oct. 31, 1916 but was absent and was invested on Dec. 5, 1916 for the 1917 Lodge year. Elected (Oct 2, 1917) and Installed (Nov 6, 1917) as Tyler for the 1918 Lodge year.

184. WALKER, W. — Lieut. R. H. & R. F. A. — 167 Sunderland Road, Gateshead on Tyne — Founder 62 — member of Beaminster Manor Lodge, No. 1367 ER, Beaminster, Dorsetshire.

175 The name and number are questionable. There is, however, a Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GRA, in Calgary, Alberta and this would appear to be the Lodge meant. 282

185. WALKINGTON, Chas. E. — Captain — 17th R. I. R.176, Ballykinder, C. Down — Founder 71 — member of Duke of Abercorn Lodge, No. 36 IC, Belfast, Ireland. [Note: he also appears in other lists and Minutes as a Captain in the 9th and 10th Royal Irish Rifles.]

186. WALLACE, A. — Pte. #40514 — 1st Bat. Can. Field Arty, Risbon Bks., Shornecliffe — Founder 51 — member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville, Ontario, Canada177.

WARNE, Douglas — no reference to any military rank or office — 108 Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris (3) — no details of any degrees.

187. WATKYN THOMAS, F. W. — Lt. R. A. M. C. — (no residence listed) — Founder 30 — member of Isaac Newton University Lodge, No. 859 EC, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire.

188. WATSON, John Robert — age 34 — Lieutenant A.O.D. — Proposed to Join Oct 1, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Dec 3, 1918 — member of Lodge Amity, No. 3193 ER, location unknown.

189. WATSON, Joseph Henry — age 28 — Sergeant R. E., Clinic N. C. O.,Mess, Harfleur —Proposed to Join Jan 2, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Feb 6, 1917 — member of Lodge Lord Barnard, No. 2935 ER, Westoe, South Shields, Durham, England

190. WAYTE-SMITH, Henry — age unspecified — Captain A. S. C., Base Depot, No. 8 Camp — Proposed for degrees date unspecified — Initiated Mar. 6, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917 — Raised May 1, 1917.

191. WEBB, W. T. — Lt. and Qtr. Mst. — A.P.O. S85, B.E.F. — Founder 37 — member of Castle Lodge, No. 1436 EC, Sandgate, Kent.

WHITE, Henry Charles William — age 31 — Sergeant, R.E.A. — Proposed Nov 6, 1917. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

192. WILLIAMS, Rev. Ronald Charles Lambert — age 36 — Chaplain Forces, Assistant Chaplain General, A.C.G. Office, Havre — Proposed to Join Feb 5, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Mar 5, 1918 — member of Isaac Newton University Lodge, No. 859 EC, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK and Aldershot Army and Navy Lodge, No. 1971 EC, Aldershot, Hampshire, UK.

193. WILLIAMSON, Francis Talbot — age 27 — Lieutenant, A. S. C. — Camp 3, Field Bakeries, Havre — Proposed for degrees Oct 31, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Dec. 5 1916 — Passed Jan 2, 1917 — Raised Sep 4, 1917.

194. WILLIAMSON, Francis Talbot — Captain, A.S.C. No. 3 Camp, Base Supply Depot, Havre — Proposed for degrees date unspecified — Initiated May 7, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

176 Royal Irish Rifles.

177 Now The Belleville - Temple Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville. 283

195 WILSON, Robert Estridge — age 33 — R.S.M., A.S.C. No. 7 Camp Supply Depot — Proposed to Join Mar. 6, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Apr. 3, 1917 — member of Londesborough Lodge, No. 1681 EC, London, England — no details of any degrees are given for his mother lodge but he is listed in the minutes of an Emergent Meeting held on May 22, 1917, as being passed to the Second Degree. Appointed and Invested as ADC on Dec 3, 1918 for 1919 Lodge year.

196. WILSON, William Alexander Ernest — age 38 — S.M., C/O O.C. Reinforcements, Harfleur — Proposed for degrees Feb. 6, 1917 — Balloted, Accepted and Initiated Mar. 6, 1917 — Passed Apr. 3, 1917 — Raised May 29, 1917.

WOODWARD, George — age 47 — Sergeant, A.O.C., Hangar Q — Proposed for degrees Apr 2, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes.

197. WOOLCOMBE, E. J. P. (E. J. S.) — Lt. Censor`s Staff — Censors Office, Havre — Founder 14 — member of Oxford and Cambridge University Lodge, No. 1118 EC, Freemasons’ Hall, London. At the Oct 2, 1917 meeting the Lodge recorded its thanks for W. Bro. Woolcombe having served as Secretary of the Lodge for the “greater part of the past year.”

198. WRIGHT, Thomas George Selway — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Nov 6, 1917 — member of Lodge Hamilton, No. 3309 EC, London, England.

199. YOUNG, James R. — age unspecified — Lieutenant A. S. C., Annexe “J”, Camp Havre — Proposed to Join Dec. 5, 1916 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jan 2, 1916 — member of Lodge 413 IC (“Rev. Samuel Cochrane” Lodge which was formed at Freemasons' Hall, ROSETTA, BELFAST on October 8, 1914).

200. YOUNG, Rowland James — age 31 — Q.M. Sergeant, Welsh Guards — Proposed for degrees Feb 5, 1918 — Balloted and Accepted Mar 5, 1918 — Initiated Jun 4, 1918. No further information in member lists or Minutes. 284 285

Appendix 15

Canadian Founder Members of Lodge Havre de Grâce No. 4

Notes: (1) Information taken directly from the Lodge Havre de Grâce Member Register or and/or Minute Book is shown in Italics.

(2) Regular print is used to indicate information coming from other sources, usually within Canada, and the source is indicated. (a) LAC-CEF refers to the Library and Archives of Canada, CEF information base http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca (b) CGWP refers to the Canadian Great War Project which provides details of members of the CEF at http://www.canadiangreatwarproject.com (c) Material from individual Lodges and/or Grand Lodges across Canada

(3) There are fifteen Founders who hailed from Canadian Lodges in Alberta (1), British Columbia (1), Manitoba (4), New Brunswick (1), Nova Scotia (1), Ontario 6), and Saskatchewan (1).

Alberta (1)

VERNON, F. — Bandsman Pte. #86236 — 31st Can. Battn. Central Training Camp, Harfleur — Founder 56 — member of Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GRC178, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full Name Fernleigh Vernon, B July 30, 1887, Plymouth, Devonshire, England; Musician; married; enlisted Apr 12, 1915 at Calgary, AB; assigned to the 31st Battn, CEF and listed as a Corporal (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Before leaving England he was a member of the Territorial Army, Devon Road Garrison Artillery; arrived at New York from Southampton on November 27, 1908 on the Adriatic but his final destination is unclear as is his arrival in Calgary although he is listed as a fireman at Calgary’s No. 1 Station in 1911, employee of Vernon & Ward, Tobacconist in 1912, and shipper of the Sheet Metal Manufacturing Company in 1913; there is no available information of his life in the post war period (source: R.W.Bro. G. Tapley of the Alberta Internet Lodge of Research). (3) Masonic: member of Perfection Lodge No. 9 GLA, Calgary, AB; Initiated December 10, 1912; Passed January 28, 1913; Raised February 25, 1913; occupation at initiation shown as “Draying,” D December 11, 1946, Edmonton, AB (source: Grand Lodge of Alberta via R.W.Bro. G. Tapley of the Alberta Internet Lodge of Research)

British Columbia (1)

HARVEY, F. A. — Pte #442099 — 7 Can. Battn. C. B. D. Rouilles and No. 2 Lines Canadian Gen. Base Depot (#52) — Founder 49 — member of Kootenay Lodge, No. 15 Canada, Revelstoke, BC, Canada. Additional Details:

178 The name and number are questionable. There is, however, a Perfection Lodge, No. 9 GRA, in Calgary, Alberta and this would appear to be the Lodge meant. 286

(1) Military: Full Name: Frederick Adam Harvey; B Feb 25, 1888, Brookfield. Nova Scotia; trainman; unmarried; enlisted July 14, 1915, Vernon, BC; RN 442099; member of the 54th Battn, CEF, D Nov 30, 1955 (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Masonic: member of Kootenay Lodge, No. 15 BCR, Revelstoke, BC; Initiated Nov 14, 1913; Passed May 5, 1914; Raised Oct 3, 1914; GL Certificate #6534; Demitted Jan 24, 1938; Affiliated (rejoined) Mar 28, 1949 (source: Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon membership records via V.W.Bro. Trevor McKeown, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon).

Manitoba (4)

BUMSTEAD, (no initials) — Pte. #71673 — 27th Can. Bat. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 53 — member of Vermillion Lodge, No. 68 GRM, Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada. Additional information: (1) Military: Full Name Frank William Bumstead; B July 22, 1888, London, England; Plumber; married; enlisted on Oct 28, 1914 at Winnipeg; and noted he had served 4 years in the militia in (undecipherable regiment), Montreal; assigned RN71673 in 27th Battn. (Source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database. No entry in the Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Masonic: member of Vermillion Lodge, No. 68 GRM, Dauphin, where he had been Initiated Feb 3, 1914, Passed Mar 3, 1914 and Raised Apr 7, 1914. Bro. Bumstead died on Jun 5, 1966, no location indicated. (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba.)

FOSTER, H. — Pte. #81270 — 8th Can. Batn. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 52 — member of Binscarth Lodge, No. 101 GRM, Binscarth, Manitoba, Canada. Additional information: (1) Military: Full Name: Herbert Foster; B Oct 1, 1875, Denmark Hill, Surrey, England; Farmer; unmarried; no prior military experience; enlisted Dec 23, 1914 at Winnipeg; assigned RN 81270 in the 32nd Battn, CEF. (source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database. No entry in the Canadian Great War Project database.) (2) Masonic: member of Binscarth Lodge, No. 101 GRM, Binscarth by affiliation from Lutine Lodge, No. 3049, London, Middlesex, on Dec 21, 1909. He demitted from Binscarth Lodge on Jan 15, 1924, re-affiliated on Apr 8, 1930 and was suspended NPD on Jan 18, 1944. (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba.)

RITCHIE, R. — age 29 — Sgt. #71234 Can. Corps. — (no residence listed) — Founder 43 — member of King Edward Lodge, No. 93 GRM, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Additional information: (1) Military: Full Name Robert Ritchie; B Jun 26, 1882, Perthshire, Scotland; Carpenter; unmarried; previous experience 1½ years with Fife & Forfar Light Horse; enlisted Oct 25, 1914 at Winnipeg, MB and assigned RN 71234 and placed into 27th Battn, CEF. D Oct 9, 1918, cause unknown and buried in Ramillies British Cemetery, France. (Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: member of King Edward Lodge, No. 93 GRM, Winnipeg by affiliation from Coupar Lodge, No. 19 SC, Coupar, Scotland on Nov 17, 1909. On his affiliation form his age was shown as 27 years and his occupation was “car mechanic.” (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba.)

TAYLOR, A. R. — Captain CADC (Canadian Army Dental Corps) — (no residence listed) — 287

Founder 33 — member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 4, G.R.Canada — his letter of resignation from the Lodge was read out and approved at the meeting of November 6, 1917. Additional details: (1) Military: Full Name: Arthur Robert Taylor; B Jul 5, 1878, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Physician; married to Mrs Virginia Taylor; No. RN when commissioned as Lieutenant in the 5th Field Artillery Brigade, CEF (source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database; there is no entry in Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 4 GRM, Winnipeg, MB, Initiated Feb 1, 1911, Passed Apr 19, 1911, Raised May 17, 1911, Grand Lodge Certificate 9312. D Oct 16, 1952. The history of the Lodge includes the following “We made history in 1920 when the members elected Dr. Arthur Taylor as Worshipful master. This was the first occasion in the life of the Lodge that a son of a former Master received this high honour. His father, Thomas W. Taylor, was Master in 1893. Dr. Taylor served overseas in World War One as a Medical Officer in the 5th Artillery Brigade. He was a deep student, a keen ritualist, an ardent reader, and a thoughtful researcher.” (source: R.W.Bro. Brian Rountree, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Manitoba quoting from The Story of Number Four: 1875-1950 Winnipeg, by St. John’s Lodge No. 4, ca 1950).

New Brunswick (1)

GRIMMER, H. M. — Sgt. Can. Corps. — (no residence listed) — Founder 44 — member of St. Marks Lodge, No. 5 GRNB, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Harold Mackie Grimmer; B Jun 21, 1892, St. Andrews, NB; Clerk; unmarried; previous experience in 28th Dragoons; enlisted Mar 31, 1915 at Amherst, NS; RN 111211; promoted to Company Quarter Master Sergeant; D Aug 27, 1918; B Ligny-St. Flochel British Cemetery, Pas-de-Calais, France (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: R.W.Bro. Stuart Macdonald, Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick notes that as the war was drawing to a close St. Marks was to lose another member: Brother Harold Mackie Grimmer, a Company Quartermaster Sergeant in the 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles was killed on August 27, 1918. He is buried in the Ligny-St. Flochel British Cemetery in the locality of Pas de Calais in France.

Nova Scotia (1)

McKINNON, D. — Lt. Canadian Corps — (no residence listed) — Founder 34 — member of Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 88 GRCanada179. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Dougald McKinnon; B Jun 1, 1869, North East Margate, Cape Breton. Next of Kin was listed as (father) Archibald McKinnon of Woodbine, Cape Breton. Dougald McKinnon enlisted at Halifax on December 20, 1914 and is shown as a Widower. He served as a Lieutenant of “A” Company of the 25th Battalion CEF, and was later promoted to Captain in the same unit. (Sources: Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: Masonic records show that Dougald McKinnon was born Jun 1, 1868 at Big Interval, North East Margaree, (Cape Breton), son of Archibald and Flora (Matheson); married Jul 25, 1889 to Christena A. MacKay (daughter of Neil and Ann MacKay) of Lake Ainslie, Cape Breton. Joined

179 The name of the Jurisdiction is incorrect and should show as Grand Registry of Nova Scotia. 288

St. Marks Lodge, No. 35 GRNS, Baddeck (age 34 years, occupation farmer) and was Initiated Jun 19, 1902, Passed Jul 17, 1902 and Raised Aug 21, 1902. Demitted Feb 15, 1912. Affiliated with Maple Leaf Lodge, No. 88 GRNS, New Waterford, NS on Mar 14, 1912 and retained his membership until he was suspended on Feb 8, 1923. (Source: Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia membership database via R.W.Bro. Brian Loughnan, Grand Historian.) (3) Obituary in the Cape Breton Post, May 16, 1939, shows him as Major Dugald MacKinnon, 71, Passed away at Huntingdon, Mira, Cape Breton, May 15, 1939. Buried in Sandfield Cemetery, Cape Breton. Shown as having moved to New Waterford in 1912. Survived by a son and daughter. (Source: R.W.Bro. Brian Loughnan, Grand Historian.)

Ontario (6)

GREENE, W. R. — Capt. Canadian Army Dental Corps — Dental Hospital, Harfleur — Founder 21 — member of Doric Lodge, No. 58 GRC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Additional details: (1) Military: Full Name: William Richard Greene; B Mar 16, 1867, Douglas, ON; Dental Surgeon; married; enlisted May 15, 1915, Ottawa; No RN given; assigned to Canadian Army Dental Corps and commissioned as a Major (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: occupation “Dentist” on his application for degrees [University of Toronto DDS graduate in 1894, President of the Ontario Dental Society 1912-15 — Ed] was initiated into Doric 58, Ottawa, on Feb 1, 1901 (passed Apr 5, 1901 and raised May 3, 1901). His entry is #360 on the Lodge member roll and his Grand Lodge Certificate 54244 was dated Jun 27, 1901. He withdrew from Doric Lodge on Jan 7, 1921. (Source: W.Bro. D. Robar, Lodge Secretary, V.W.Bro. R. Ashworth, Lodge Historian and Grand Lodge Records.)

KELLY, Ernest — Cdn. Capt., Army Dental Corps — Camp 11 Havre — Founder 3 — member and Past Master (1914) of Dufferin Lodge, No. 291 GRC, West Flamboro, Ontario, Canada. He was invested as first JW of Havre de Grâce on Oct. 31, 1916 but resigned from the chair on December 5, 1916 “owing to the exigencies of the service.” Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Ernest Kelly; B July 12, 1884, West Flamboro, Wentworth County, ON; Dental Surgeon; unmarried; member of 91st Regiment Canadian Highlanders; previously served 1901-02 Provisional Subaltern, 77th Regiment and 1914-15 Subaltern 92nd Regt. C. H.; Attestation paper signed June 5, 1915 at Ottawa; no RN given (sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database and Canadian Great War Project database). (2) Masonic: member of Dufferin Lodge, No. 291 GRC, West Flamborough, Initiated September 12, 1905; Passed October 12, 1905; Raised November 9, 1905; no further information in the Lodge files (source Dufferin Lodge 291 via W.Bro. R. Jones, Lodge Secretary).

ROSS, W. — Pte. #126303 14 Can. Battn. C. B. D. Rouilles — Founder 50 — member of King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 43 GRC, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full Name: William Ross; B Jun 11, 1888, Hambleton, Lancashire, England; Boiler Maker Assistant; married; previously served with 22nd Oxford Rifles and 28th Perth Regt for 3 yrs; enlisted Sep 8, 1915 at Stratford, ON; assigned RN 126303, CEF unit unspecified on documents, killed Sep 27, 1918. (source: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database.) (2) Masonic: member of King Solomon’s No. 43 GRC, Woodstock (initiated Feb 8, 1910, passed 289

Mar 15, 1910 and raised Apr 19, 1910) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 79685 is dated Oct 27, 1910. Listed in the Grand Lodge Honour Roll as “Killed in Action.” (Sources: Grand Lodge Annual Proceedings for 1919 where the Honour Roll is published for all Ontario Lodges and Grand Lodge Records.)

SPENCER, C. R. — Rev. Chaplain Forces — 7th Can. Staty Hospital and Kitchener Military Hospital, Brighton — Founder 55 — member of J. B. Hall Lodge, No. 145 GRC, Millbrook, Ontario, Canada. Additional details: (1) Military: Full Name: Clarence Reginald Spencer; B Sep 17, 1881, Millbrook, ON; Church of England Clergyman; married; enlisted Apr 9, 1915 at Belleville; no RN given; commissioned as a Captain (Sources: Library and Archives Canada, CEF database). (2) Masonic: review of Brother Clarence Reginald Spencer’s masonic records at Grand Lodge shows that he had a varied Masonic career which parallelled his profession. He was initiated into North Entrance No. 463 GRC, Haliburton, on Jun 22, 1906 at the age of 26 years (passed Sep 28, 1906 and raised Oct 26, 1910) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 68308 is dated Jan 29, 1907. He withdrew from the Lodge on Nov 25, 1910. (Source: Grand Lodge member data.) He affiliated with Clementi No. 313 GRC, Lakefield on Jan 25, 1909 (age 27 years and occupation given as Clergyman) and was issued with Affiliation Certificate 78052 dated Jun 8, 1910, withdrawing from the Lodge on Oct 3, 1934. He affiliated with J. B. Hall No. 145 GRC, Millbrook on Oct 13, 1916 from Clementi No. 313 and Lodge information indicates he was 29 years old and a Clerk in Holy Orders. (Source: W.Bro. Bill Brass, Secretary, J. B. Hall Lodge No. 145 and W.Bro. Adam Baker, Secretary, Clementi Lodge No. 313.) He next affiliated with Corinthian No. 96 GRC, Barrie on Feb 1, 1923 (age listed as 41 and occupation as clergyman). He withdrew from Corinthian on Jan 7, 1932. (Source: Grand Lodge member data.) Meanwhile he affiliated with Jerusalem No. 31 GRC, Bowmanville, on Jan 14, 1931 and withdrew from the Lodge on Feb 14, 1934. (Source: Grand Lodge member data.) Although he had demitted from Clementi Lodge, with which he had a longstanding relationship, the Lodge noted his death on January 23, 1952 and confirmed that he did not hold office as Master of that Lodge.

STEWART (STUART), W. C. — Captain, C.A.D.C., Canadian Dental Store, 167 Bd. Strasbourg, Havre — Founder 41 — member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville, Ontario, Canada180. [Note: The entry, written as “Stewart” has been made twice in the Founder List and the duplicate entry (#67) has a line through it. In another listing the spelling of the name has been written as “Stuart” but all three entries apply to the same individual who name is correctly spelled as Stuart in Grand Lodge member records — Ed.] Elected as Treasurer at the Lodge meeting of Oct 1, 1918 and Installed as Treasurer on Dec 3, 1918 for the 1919 Lodge year. Additional Details: (1) Military: There is no entry under Library and Archives Canada, CEF database nor under Canadian Great War Project database for Stuart or Stewart, W. C. or William C. (2) Masonic: member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville (initiated Jun 4, 1908, passed July 2, 1908 and raised Sep 17, 1908) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 74158 was dated Jan 14, 1909. On his return to Canada he lived in Ottawa and affiliated with Doric Lodge, No. 58. He was also a charter member of St. Andrew’s 560 GRC, Ottawa, which was instituted on Jan 10, 1920. He was instrumental in assisting Carleton Lodge, No 465, Carp, acquire the original furniture,

180 Now The Belleville - Temple Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville. 290 framed warrant and books of Loge Havre de Grâce, No. 4 GLNIR, Havre. He died November 11, 1934 in Ottawa.

WALLACE, A. — Pte. RN 40514 — 1st Bat. Can. Field Arty, Risbon Bks., Shornecliffe — Founder 51 — member of Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville, Ontario, Canada181. Additional Details: (1) Military: There is no entry under Library and Archives Canada, CEF database nor under Canadian Great War Project database for A. Wallace. (2) Masonic: Alfred Wallace, 22 years old in 1906, applied to join Belleville Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville and was initiated on Mar 29, 1906 (passed Jun 22, 1906 and raised Sep 27, 1906) and his Grand Lodge Certificate 67822 was dated Jan 4, 1907. He was suspended Dec 1, 1921. (Source: Grand Lodge member data).

Quebec (1)

PRINCE, John Henry — age 32 — Stevedore, Canadian, 32 Rue Fulton, Havre — Proposed to Join Apr 2, 1918 — Balloted, Accepted and Joined Jul 2, 1918 — member of The Prince Consort Lodge, No. 52 GRQ, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: There is no entry under Library and Archives Canada, CEF database nor under Canadian Great War Project database for John Henry Prince.. (2) Masonic: member of The Prince Consort Lodge, No. 52 GRQ, Montreal; Initiated Dec 16, 1911, Passed Sep 24, 1912, Raised Dec 3, 1912; GL Certificate #135451). He withdrew from the Lodge on June 26, 1923. The Prince Consort Lodge amalgamated with Harmony Lodge, No. 131 GRQ, Montreal in June 2003. (Source: M.W.Bro. John Leide, PGM, Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Quebec.)

Saskatchewan (1)

BREWIS, R. — Sapper #5345 — “C” Company, C. E. T. D. ------Camp, Sussex — Founder 47 — member of Assiniboia Lodge, No. 49 GRS, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Additional Details: (1) Military: Full name: Robert William Brewis; B Jul 22, 1881, Barrow-on-Furness, England; Machinist; unmarried; 8 years previous experience in 1st Durham R.E., enlisted Sep 23, 1914, location not specified and placed in “Divisional Engineers” #5345 (Library and Archives Canada, CEF database). (2) Masonic: Robert William Brewis, profession on application for degrees in Assiniboia Lodge, No. 49 GRS, Regina, was “machinist.” Initiated Apr 14, 1914, Passed Jun 12, 1914 and Raised Aug 7, 1914. Served as WM 1923. Made an Honourary Life Member on May 17, 1939. Died Sep 18, 1948 in Victoria, BC. (Source: M.W. Bro. Richard A. H. Brown, GM (1997-98) and Past Lodge Secretary of Assiniboia Lodge.)

181 Now The Belleville - Temple Lodge, No. 123 GRC, Belleville. 291

Appendix 16

Havre de Grâce - Lodge Meetings

Oct. 31, 1916 YMCA Hall, 19 rue de Joinville, Havre Consecration and installation of first officers. Honourary Lodge membership was conferred on R. W. Bro. Sir E. Letchworth (Grand Secretary, United Grand Lodge of England), R. W. Bro. Heisch, R. W. Bro. Nicholson and V. W. Bro. Arthur Cawdron. A Founder’s Jewel (a replica of the coat of arms of Havre with a tricolor ribbon was presented to them. At the close of the meeting, six candidates were proposed for degrees (E. C. Jones, W. R. Lawson, F. T. Williamson, C. J. Wale, G. E. H. Reader and C. T. King Mason).

Dec. 5, 1916 YMCA Hall, 19 rue de Joinville, Havre Regular Meeting W. Bro. W. J. Norburn in the chair. The JD and Tyler (absent at the Consecration) were invested. One candidate was proposed as a joining member (J. R. Young). Ballots were taken for E. C. Jones, W. R. Lawson, F. T. Williamson, C. J. Wale, and C. T. King Mason and found favourable and they were initiated. Ten candidates for degrees were proposed (J. T. Allen, B. I. Southey, H. F. Hopkinson, S. M. Carrington, A. R. Reynolds, C. A. Bradford, W. D. Forrest, T. Dalling, B. Milligan and C. P. Beeching) and one candidate was proposed as a joining member (A. H. Ealey).

Jan. 2, 1917 YMCA Hall, 19 rue de Joinville, Havre Regular (2nd) W. Bro. A. St. Leger in the Chair. Bros. A. H. Ealey and J. R. Young, candidates to join the Lodge, were balloted for and elected as members of the Lodge. Bros. E. C. Jones, W. R. Lawson, F. T. Williamson, C. J. Wale, and C. T. King Mason were passed to the second degree. The Lodge was closed in the second and ballots were taken and proved satisfactory for J. T. Allen, B. I. Southey, H. F. Hopkinson, S. M. Carrington, A. R. Reynolds, C. A. Bradford, W. D. Forrest, T. Dalling, B. Milligan and C. P. Beeching and the four who stood without (Allen, Southey, Bradford and Beeching) were initiated. A letter from Bro. G. F. Coulson was received, read and approved with regret, as it advised of his resignation from the craft due to the dictates of his conscience. Proposals for degrees were received for H. W. Smith,W. H. Jefferis, W. R. George, Rev. E. C. Earp, W. L. Craft and R. Dunlop and proposals to join the Lodge were received for Bros. F. R. Underwood, A. M. Elliott and J. H. Watson.

Feb. 6, 1917 YMCA Hall, 19 rue de Joinville, Havre Regular (3rd) W. Bro. C. J. Hartung, SW, in the Chair. Bros. F. R. Underwood, A. M. Elliott and J. H. Watson were balloted for and elected as members of the Lodge. Bros. J. T. Allen, C. A. Bradford and C. P. Beeching were passed to the second degree. The Lodge was closed in the second and ballots were taken and proved satisfactory for A. R. 292

Reynolds, W. L. Craft, Rev. E. C. Earp, T. Dalling, W. R. George, H. W. Smith,W. H. Jefferis, and R. Dunlop and the five who stood without (A. R. Reynolds, W. L. Craft, Rev. E. C. Earp, T. Dalling, W. R. George) were initiated.

March 6, 1917 Mairie (Town Hall), Joinville Regular (4th) W. Bro. C. J. Hartung, SW in the chair. Bros. R. E. Wilson was proposed to join the lodge and Sam Moore, J. F. Schofield and C. H. Moore were proposed for degrees. It was agreed that a letter would be sent to the Mayor of Havre for “having put his Room in the Town Hall at the disposal of the Lodge” and a second letter would be sent to the YMCA “thanking them for their favours in the past in permitting the Lodge to hold its first regular meetings at rue Joinville.” Ballots were taken and Bros. J. Dye and A. T. Hollings were elected as joining members of the Lodge. Candidates H. W. Smith, W. H. Jefferis, R. Dunlop and B. Mulligan were initiated. Ballots were taken and proved favourable to candidates for degrees: W. H. Mills, W. J. Kedwards, W. B. McNeil, R. Little, H. G. Botham and A. W. E. Wilson and of the group, A. W. E. Wilson, H. G. Botham and W. H. Mills were initiated.

March 20, 1917 Mairie (Town Hall), Joinville Emergency W. Bro. Rev. J. D. S. Parry Evans, Treasurer in the chair. Bros. E. C. Jones, W. G. Lawson, C. A. Bradford and C. J. Wale were raised to the Third Degree.

March 27, 1917 Mairie, Joinville Emergency W. Bro. Rev. J. D. S. Parry Evans, Treasurer in the chair. Bros. J. T. Allen and C. P. Beeching were raised to the Third Degree.

April 3, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (5th) W. Bro. Dyas in the chair. Bro. R. E. Wilson having been proposed earlier to join the Lodge, he was balloted and accepted. Ballots were taken and found favourable for C. H. Moore and S. Moore as candidates for degrees. In two groups of six: Bros. B. J. Southey, S. L. Craft, T. Dalling, W. R. George, A. R. Reynolds and W. H. Mills and Bros. Milligan, R. Dunlop, W. A. E. Wilson, W. H. Jefferis, H. W. Smith and H. S. Botham, were passed to the Second Degree. The names of four candidates were proposed for degrees: J. A. Mulholland, J. Duthie, E. B. Bartleet (an entry beside his name says “departed” and appears to have been added after the meeting) and P. J. Conidon and two brethren were proposed as joining members: Bros. T. Mowatt and G. Stone.

April 17, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. St. Leger Glyn in the chair. W. J. Kedwards, M. B. McNeil and R. Little were initiated. 293

May 1, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (6th) W. Bro. Rev. J. D. S. Parry Evans, Treasurer in the chair. Bros. T. Mowatt and G. Stone having been proposed to join the Lodge were balloted and accepted. Ballots were taken for J. A. Mulholland and J. Duthie who had been proposed for degrees and they were found favourable. Bros. C. T. King Mason, S. L. Craft, Mills, R. Dunlop, H. Wayte Smith and H. S. Botham province their proficiency as Fellowcraft Masons were raised to the Third Degree. The WM reported he had received a letter from the Secretary of the newly formed Lodge in Monte Carlo. Twelve persons were proposed for degrees: A. C. Lariviére, A. H. Kirby, J. W. Hartley, W. E. Crosby, W. H. Johnston, F. W. Little, T. C. R. Murphy, W. J. Turner, A. Shuter, L. G. Fewings, H. G. Bingham, and P. H. Neuson.

May 22, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. R. Dyas in the chair. Bros. W. J. Kedwards, M. B. McNeil and R. Little were passed to the Second Degree.

May 22, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. Parry Evans in the chair. Bros. T. Dalling, A. R. Reynolds and A. E. Wilson were raised to the Third Degree.

June 5, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (7th) W. Bro. St. Leger Glyn in the chair. A collective ballot was taken and found favourable for: Arthur Clement dit La Riviére, A. H. Kirby, J. W. Hartley, W. E. Crosby, W. H. Johnston, F. W. Little, T. C. R. Murphy, W. J. Turner, A. Shuter, L. G. Fewings, H. G. Bingham, and P. H. Neuson. Nine candidates were then initiated: J. A. Mulholland, J. Duthie,S. Moore, T. C. R. Murphy, P. J. Condor, A. H. Kirby, W. E. Crossly, J. W. Hartley and W. J. Turner. The Lodge voted that a Warrant (called a dispensation today) be requested for “(the Lodge) to hold its meetings on Mondays in Salle B Hotel de Ville or such other place as may be determined upon by the Standing Committee of the Lodge.” Bros. J. King, J. F. Pearson, H. E. King and S. Traves were proposed as joining members for the Lodge. Nine gentlemen were proposed for degrees: J. E. Fox, T. M. Ferguson, M. Mason, J. M. Hull, H. C. Loveless, J. L. Low, H. C. Daniels, A. E. Dallaner and Douglas Payne.

June 19, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. Parry Evans in the chair. Bros. B. I. Southey, W. R. George and W. H. Jefferis were raised to the Third Degree. And Candidates A. C. La Riviére, W. H. Johnstone, F. W. Little and A. Shuter were initiated.

July 3, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (8th) W. Bro. R. S. V. Dyas in the chair. Bros. H. E. King, S. Traves, J. F. Pearson and J. King, having previously 294

been proposed to join the Lodge were balloted and accepted. A collective ballot was called for eight applicants for degrees and found favourable, and they were all initiated: H. C. Loveless, J. M. Hull, M. Manson, T. B. Ferguson, J. L. London, A. E. Dallender, H. C. Daniels, J. E. Fox. A ninth applicant, D. Payne, was balloted and found favourable but was not in attendance and could be initiated that evening. Although a motion had been made and recorded as carried unanimously on June 5 that “(the Lodge) to hold its meetings on Mondays in Salle B Hotel de Ville or such other place as may be determined upon by the Standing Committee of the Lodge,” it was again placed before the Lodge and approved unanimously. (Possibly the June 5 should have read that a Notice of Motion had been made to be placed in the summons.) The Lodge was advised that W. Bro. R. Dyas had received a “Grand Honour” from the Grand Lodge Independent et Régulière but no details were provided. Bros. A. D. Kelly and W. W. Brunswick were proposed to join the Lodge and William Baker and Wallace Catherall were proposed as applicants for degrees.

July 17, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. R. Dyas in the chair. Bros. T. C. R. Murphy, J. W. Hartley, S. Moore, P. J. Condor, J. A. Mulholland and W. E. Crossly were passed to the Second Degree.

August 7, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (9th) W. Bro. Parry Evans in the chair. Bros. Milligan, W. J. Kedwards, M. B. McNeil and R. Little were raised to the Third Degree. Bros. A. D. Kelly and W. W. Brunswick having previously been proposed to join the Lodge were balloted and accepted. A collective ballot was taken and found favourable for W. Baker, W. Catherall and Sir E. M. Nightingale and they were duly initiated. The following applicants for degrees were proposed: J. G. Burns, R. F. Gardner, W. E. Brown, A. J. Bray and A. K. Andrews.

August 21, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. Parry Evans in the chair. Bros. Murphy, Hartley, S. Moor and Condon were raised to the Third Degree and Bros. J. Duthie and A. Shuter were passed to the Second Degree.

September 4, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (10th) W. Bro. Parry Evans in the chair. Bros. Mulholland and Williamson were raised to the Third Degree. Bros. J. L. London, M. Manson, A. E. Dallender, W. H. Johnston, A. C. La Riviére, F. W. Little, H. C. Daniels, J. M. Hull and H. C. Loveless were passed to the Second Degree. Bros. R. G. Barlow, H. N. Bloomfield, Sir G. Armstrong, and Rev. H. D. N. Patterson were proposed to join the Lodge. And seven candidates for degrees were proposed: H. R. Babbs, I. E. Morgan, T. Lindsay, S. Lane, C. E. Downer, C. Childs and V. J. J. Leuliette. 295

October 2, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (11th) W. Bro. R. Dyas in the chair. Bros. R. G. Barlow, H. N. Bloomfield, Sir G. Armstrong and Rev. H. D. N. Patterson having previously been proposed to join the Lodge were balloted and accepted. Thirteen candidates were balloted for found acceptable for initiation: J. G. Burns, R. F. Gardner, W. E. Brown, A. J. Bray, A. K. Andrews, R. Pawley, H. R. Babbs, I. E. M. Cochrane, T. Lindsay, S. Lane, C. H. Downer, C. Childs, and V. J. J. Leuliette and four (J. G. Burns, R. F. Gardner, W. E. Brown and A. K. Andrews) were initiated. Bros. J. L. London, M. Manson, A. E. Dallender and A. Shuter were raised to the Third Degree. Elections for the 1918 Lodge year were held (see table below). Eight candidates for degrees were proposed: S. Hyslop, G. Stobo, J. S. Buchanan, G. F. W. R. Van Velden, E. Fordham, L. H. Austin, R. C. Neal and J. Berry-Torr. W. Bro. Walker, WM of Jean D’Arc Lodge at Rouen was introduced and he thanked the Lodge and its members for supporting the formation of the new Lodge in the loan of lodge furniture.

October 16, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. St. Leger Glyn in the chair. Seven candidates for degrees who had previously been proposed, balloted and accepted, were initiated into the Lodge: R. Pawley, H. R. Babbs, T. Lindsay, R. G. Lane, C. H. Downer, C. Childs and V. J. J. Leuliette.

November 6, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (12th) W. Bro. R. Dyas in the chair. Ballots were taken individually for each of the eight candidates for degrees proposed at the previous meeting and they were accepted: S. Hyslop, G. Stobo, J. S. Buchanan, G. F. W. R. Van Velden, E. Fordham, L. H. Austin, R. C. Neal and J. Berry-Torr. Bros. W. E. Barber and T. G. S Wright were proposed to join the Lodge. Seven applicants for degrees were proposed: J. H. Radcliffe, H. C. W. White, R. G. Colquham, S. R. Kibby, W. Hassell, F. Southam and R. E. Thompson. Letters of resignation were read and accepted from W. Bro. P. Sargent and Bros. J. S. Dunlop and A. R. Taylor.

November 20, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. Parry Evans in the chair. Bros. A. H. Kirby, E. M. Nightingale and W. Baker were passed to the Second Degree and Bros. H. C. Lovelace, A. C. La Riviére, J. Duthie and F. W. Little were raised to the Third Degree..

December 4, 1917 Mairie, Graville Regular (13th) W. Bro. A. St. Leger Glyn in the chair. Bros. W. E. Barber and T. G. S Wright who had been previously proposed to join the Lodge were to be balloted when the Secretary read a letter from Bro. Barber withdrawing his request due to his transfer to Rouen. The Ballot for Bro. Wright was taken and found favourable. Bros. W. Catherall, J. G. Burns and A. K, Andrews were passed to the Second Degree and Candidates A. J. Bray, S. Hyslop and G. Stobo were initiated. Bro. F. Martin 296

was proposed to join the Lodge and Mr. W. B. F. Brown was proposed for degrees. Letters of resignation were received with regret from Bros. A. M. Elliott, N. McLeod, C. S. Myers, F. R. Underwood and B. Milligan.

Dec. 18, 1917 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. Rev. J. D. Parry Evans in the chair. Bros. R. F. Gardner and W. S. (W. E.) Brown were passed to the Second Degree and Bros. J. M. Hull, E. M. Nightingale and W. Baker were raised to the Third Degree.

February 5, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (14th) W. Bro. G. Stone in the chair. (noted as 12th Bro. F. Martin having been previously proposed to join the Lodge was in Minutes) balloted and accepted. Bros. C. Childs, C. H. Downer and T. Lindsay were passed to the Second Degree and Bros. G. F. W. R. Van Velden and E. Fordham were Initiated. The Secretary read a letter from W. Bro. A. St. Leger Glyn A.D.C. resigning his office “that another might be appointed by the WM,” which was received with regret. Bros. R. C. L. Williams and F. H. Flower were proposed to join the Lodge and R. J. Edwards, H. J. Gathercole, R. J. Young and W. Suckling were proposed for degrees.

February 19, 1918 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. G. Stone in the chair. Bro. A. J. Bray was passed to the Second Degree and Bros. R. F. Gardner, W. Catherall, J. G. Burns and V. J. J. Leuliette were raised to the Third Degree.

March 5, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (15th) W. Bro. E. D. Shimeld in the chair. (noted as 13th Bros. R. C. L. Williams and F. H. Flower having been previously proposed in Minutes) to join the Lodge were balloted for and accepted as joining members. Petitions from eight candidates were balloted and accepted: A. J. Edwards, S. R. Kibby, W. Suckling, W. B. F. Brown, R. J. Young, R. E. Thompson, — Mortimer and A. R. Tasker. Bro. Leuliette was appointed as Assistant Secretary and Bro. London was appointed Steward. Candidates J. S. Buchanan, R. C. Neil, L. H. Austin and A. R. Tasker were initiated. Bros. C. H. Downer, C. Childs and W. S. (W. E.) Brown were raised to the Third Degree.

March 19, 1918 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. F. Martin in the chair. Bros. G. F. W. R. Van Velden and E. Fordham were passed to the Second Degree and Bros. T. Lindsay and A. K. Andrews were raised to the Third Degree.

April 2, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (16th) W. Bro. E. D. Shimeld in the chair. (noted as 14th Mr. F. Southam, a candidate for degrees, who had been balloted and 297 in Minutes) accepted was initiated. Bros. B. B. R. Robertson (a Fellowcraft of Royal Military Lodge No. 2569 EC) and J. H. Prince were proposed as joining members and J. E. Miller and G. Woodward were proposed for degrees.

April 16, 1918 Mairie, Graville Emergency W. Bro. F. Martin in the chair. Bros. J. S. Buchanan, L. H. Austin, R. C. Neil and A. R. Tasker were passed to the Second Degree and Bros. G. F. W. R. Van Velden and E. Fordham were raised to the Third Degree.

May 7, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (17th) W. Bro. E. D. Shimeld in the chair. (noted as 15th Four candidates for degrees, having been proposed, balloted and found in Minutes) acceptable were initiated: J. Berry Torr, R. G. Colquhoun, R. J. Edwards and S. R. Kibby. Bros. G. Stobo, S. Hyslop, and F. Southam of the Lodge and visiting EA Bro. Hill of Donaghmore Lodge No. 6, Boulogne, were passed to the Second Degree. Various correspondence was received including (1) a letter from W. Bro. C. F. A. Hartung resigning his office as Almoner of the Lodge, (2) a letter from Bro. B. B. R. Robertson (a Fellowcraft of Royal Military Lodge No. 2569 EC) who had been proposed on April 2, 1918 and not yet been balloted, who requested his application be withdrawn and (3) Mr. John Edward Miller whose proposal for degrees had been received on April 2, 1918 who also requested his application be withdrawn. Mr. A. W. Mather was proposed for degrees.

June, 4, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (18th) W. Bro. E. D. Shimeld in the chair. (noted as 16th Messrs. R. J. Young, R. E. Thompson and Mortimer who had previously in Minutes) been proposed, balloted for and accepted for degrees were initiated and Bros. R. G. Colquhoun, R. J. Edwards and S. R. Kibby were passed to the Second Degree. Four candidates for degrees were proposed: G. Shotten, R. Greenshields, A. H. Fudge and F. E. Phillips and bro. O. A. Battye was proposed as a joining member.

July 2, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (19th) W. Bro. C. J. Hartung in the chair. (noted as 17th Bros. G. Stobo, S. Hyslop, R. C. Neil, J. S. Buchanan, A. R. Tasker, F. in Minutes) Southam, R. J. Edwards, A. H. Kirby and B. B. R. Robertson were raised to the Third Degree. A collective ballot for degrees was taken for J. H. Radcliffe, Hall, F. E. Phillips, A. H. Fudge, R. Greenshields and G. Shotten and was found favourable to all applicants. A collective ballot was also taken for Bros. O. A. Battye and J. H. Prince which was favourable and they were elected as joined members. A motion was put by Bro. SW and seconded by Bro. Leuliette and carried unanimously that “W. Bro. Martin act as PM in control of the Lodge in accordance with Article 41 of the Book of Constitutions, Byelaws and Ancient Landmarks of the Order (& was conducted to the W.M.’s chair). The WM was properly installed as WM. P. Hookway, and C. P. Park were proposed as candidates for degrees. 298

August 6, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (20th) W. Bro. no name listed (noted as 18th A collective ballot was taken for candidates proposed for initiation: C. P. in Minutes) Park, A. W. Mather and they were duly elected. William Newman, F. J. Spencer and A. S. Kerwin were proposed as candidates for degrees. Candidates J. H. Radcliffe, Hall, F. E. Phillips, A. H. Fudge, R. Greenshields and G. Shotton were initiated.

September 3, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (21st) J. E. Ives, SW in the chair. (noted as 19th A ballot was held and favourable for A. S. Kerwin, a candidate for degrees; in Minutes) Bro. G. A. Troke was proposed to join the Lodge; and B. Challenor, F. Bird, F. P. Jervis and E. F. Franklin were proposed as candidates for degrees.

October 1, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (22nd) W. Bro. F. Martin in the chair (noted as 20th A collective ballot was taken for B. Challenor, F. P. Jervis, F. J. Spencer in Minutes) and F. Bird who had been proposed previously and they were elected as candidates for degrees. Bro. G. A. Troke who had been proposed previously was balloted for and accepted as a joining member. Bro. Tasker was elected as Tyler for the 1919 Lodge year, W. Bro. W. C. Stewart was elected as Treasurer for the 1919 Lodge year. Bro. J. R. Watson was proposed as a joining member and W. H. Clifford, W. L. Marsh, A. C. Twokey, H. H. Harris, P. Penfold and J, F. Schofield were proposed as candidates for degrees. Messrs. C. P. Park, A. W. Mather, B. Challenor, F. P. Jervis, F. J. Spencer and F. Bird. In the continuing elections, W. Bro. F. Martin was elected as WM of the Lodge for the ensuing year.

December 3, 1918 Mairie, Graville Regular (23rd) W. Bro. no name listed (noted as 21st Bro. J. R. Watson was balloted for and elected as a joining member. Six in Minutes) candidates for degrees were balloted for and found favourable: W. H. Clifford, W. L. Marsh, A. C. Twokey, H. H. Harris, P. Penfold and J. F. Schofield. The ceremony of Installation proceeded and W. Bro. F. Martin was installed as WM. The WM invested his officers: SW - R. L. Surtees, JW - A. F. A. Naylor, Treasurer - W. Stewart, DC - G. Stone, JD - T. Mowatt, ADC - R. E. Wilson, Almoner - E. M. Nightingale, Organist - V. J. J. Leuliette, Assistant Secretary - C. H. Downer, Assistant JD - R. G. Barlow, Assistant IG - H. N. Bloomfield, Stewards - A. K. Andrews and F. H. Flower, Tyler - A. R. Tasker. Bros. Carrick (of Donoughmore Lodge No. 6, Boulogne), R. E. Thompson, A. H. Fudge, J. H. Radcliffe and G. Shotton were passed to the Second Degree. Bro. A. H. Bristow was proposed to join the Lodge and Mr. M. Mather was proposed for degrees. Letters tendering resignations of W. Bro. Firebrace and Shimeld were read and the Lodge instructed the Secretary to write back and ask them to hold their letters in abeyance due to the probable return of the Lodge to England in the near future. A letter of resignation from Bro. J. F. Ives was received and approved with regret. 299

January 7, 1919 Mairie, Graville Regular (24th) W. Bro. F. Martin in the chair. (noted as 22nd A collective ballot was taken for Bros. A. H. Bristow, A. J. Shirt and F. B. In Minutes) Stark as joining members and it was favourable. Bros. Hall, R. Greenshields, F. P. Jervis and F. Bird were passed to the Second degree and Messrs. W. H. Clifford, H. H. Harris, P. Penfold and J. F. Schofield were initiated. “Nothing further offering for the good of Freemasonry in general or this Lodge in particular, the Lodge was closed according to antient custom and with solemn prayer, and the brethren parted in perfect harmony.

This was the last meeting - January 7, 1919 - minutes not signed. 300 301

Appendix 17

Abbreviations and Terms Used

Throughout this work many abbreviations and terms have been used which can cause great confusion. Many words have different meanings today, but that is the result of progress. This Appendix makes an effort to try and explain abbreviations (e.g. Cpt = Captain) although the context is important as there are great differences between naval, army and air force ranks which use the same title. An attempt to explain the organization of the CEF has been provided in Appendix 2 and will not be recreated here. Many acronyms and/or military units may well remain unknown due to time constraints: some of them have been local abbreviations. Anyone interested in more detailed explanations and activities of military operations should consult a good military history or the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa.

Part 1: Masonic Terms

Anyone wishing to explore freemasonry in its broadest terms will find there are a large number of masonic and quasi-masonic organizations. A reference to a good masonic history is recommended. In this work the focus is on the more normal organization of Lodges and Grand Lodges, whose predominant colour is blue (leading, incorrectly, to its reference as “Blue Lodge”) or more colloquially “Craft Masonry” from its believed connection with early stone-masons and guilds of workmen.

Grand Lodge the governing organization of masons and usually corresponds to a political area. In the ten provinces of Canada we have a Grand Lodge in each although at the time of the First World War there were only nine. There are historical variations: the Grand Lodges of England, Ireland and Scotland are the oldest and still work in areas where there is a “territorial” Grand Lodge (e.g. Quebec and Nova Scotia). The senior officer of a Grand Lodge is the Grand Master and in Canada and the United States he is elected for a defined term (usually one- or two-years).

District an intermediate masonic organizational unit (sometimes called a province).

Lodge the local organizational unit, a word which is often used to describe the building (which may also be referred to as a temple) and/or the men who comprise it. Canadian lodges usually have an individual name (sometimes the name of its location) as well as a number (corresponding to the number of its authority to exist as issued by its parent Grand Lodge).

Masonic Degrees there are three degrees in Freemasonry as practiced in a Masonic Lodge: the initiatory (called Entered Apprentice), transitional (called Fellowcraft) and the completing degree (Master Mason).

Honour Roll a Roll of Honour created to identify brethren who were serving in the military in World War I and those who died in service. Since 1918 there 302

have been other wars and other occasions of significance and lodges may have more than one Roll of Honour. Its purpose is to draw members’ attention to those members who have served with distinction “above and beyond” the norm in the Lodge’s history.

Part 2: Military Terms

The manpower numbers used below are indicative only. The actual size of units at the front would vary over time and the fighting in which the unit was involved.

Canadian Corps the full Canadian Corps of four divisions would not exist until mid 1917 when it would be commanded by a Lieutenant General. For Canada this would be Sir Arthur Currie.

Division each of the Canadian Divisions (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th), was commanded by a Major General and consisted of three Brigades of infantry (12,000 men) and units of artillery, mortars, machine guns, engineers, pioneers, transport and medical staff (about 6,000) for a total size of approximately 18,000 officers and men.

Brigade each Canadian Brigade (numbered sequentially from 1st to 12th) was commanded by a Brigadier General and would consist of four battalions.

Battalion each Canadian battalion (numbered from 1 to 260 on paper, although only about 20% were sent to France to fight during WWI) was commanded by a Colonel or (more commonly) a Lieutenant Colonel. A Battalion normally consisted of four infantry Companies and other specialist units, totalling about 1,000 officers and men.

Company commanded by a Major or Captain and would usually be comprised of four Platoons of infantry and number about 225 officers and men (e.g. 1 Lieutenant, 8 Sergeants, 10 Corporals and 188 private soldiers).

Platoon commanded by a Lieutenant or Subaltern (an officer below the rank of Captain) and numbering about 50 men of all ranks. A Platoon was usually composed of smaller units called sections which were commanded by a non-commissioned officer.

CEF Army Ranks For anyone wishing to review naval and air force ranks during WWI, it is suggested that a start on Google (Wikipedia) and a good history of the War, or a visit to the Canadian War Museum, would be useful. Pte Private soldier LCpl Lance Corporal Cpl Corporal Sgt Sergeant SM Sergeant-Major Lt Lieutenant 303

Cpt Captain Maj Major LCol Lieutenant-Colonel Col Colonel BGen Brigadier General MGen Major General LtGen Lieutenant General Gen General FM Field Marshall

RFC Royal Flying Corps, originally formed Feb 28, 1911, under a special Army order as an air battalion of the Royal Engineers. By Royal Warrant dated Apr 13, 1912, it was united with the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) into the Royal Flying Corps with army and navy wings until Jul 1, 1914, when the RNAS was formally separated.

RNAS Royal Naval Air Service, formed Dec 1911 by the Royal Navy as the naval equivalent to the army’s air service. United with the army service on Apr 13, 1912, it retained its separate naval identity although it shared a Central Flying School. It was separated as the RNAS on Jul 1, 1914.

RAF was authorized under an Air Force bill dated Nov 29, 1917 which amalgamated the army (RFC) and naval (RNAS) air organizations. A new Air Ministry was established on Jan 2, 1918 and on Apr 1, 1918 the Royal Air Force was formally constituted.

RCAF Royal Canadian Air Force was formed on Aug 1, 1918 by the transfer of several Canadian equipped and manned units within the RAF and two squadrons were defined as operational by . Technically it was known as the Directorate of Air Services of the General Staff of the Overseas Military Forces of Canada which was disbanded in February 1920 and replaced by an Air Board. An Air Headquarters was opened in Ottawa and by March 1922 the RCAF had become well established.

About the Author

Michael Jenkyns spent thirty-two years in the federal civil service: twenty-nine with the Canadian International Development Agency where he served as Regional Director (Bilateral) for South East Asia and also East Africa and held diplomatic postings as head of CIDA programs in Djakarta, Indonesia (1973-75) and , Kenya (1986-88). He is a graduate of Carleton University, Ottawa (B.A., 1967) and Algonquin College, Ottawa (Honors Post-graduate diploma in International Trade, 1998). He has travelled extensively around the world (visiting forty-five countries) and is very interested in the history of Canada and its place on the global stage in the twenty-first century. He is married to Virginia Elizabeth (Nash) and they have two children: Megan (Brooks) and Andrew and five granddaughters.

Michael joined Acacia Lodge, No. 561 GRC, Ottawa in 1991 where he served two terms as Worshipful Master. He was also a member of Temple Lodge, No. 665 GRC, Ottawa for 5 years. He is currently Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario and has served as Grand Historian of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of Ontario.