SUNDAY, MARCH 20, 1898. 18 THE SAX FRANCISCO CALL, REMARKABLE"GRAFFITO"OFTHE CRUCIFIXION JUST DISCOVERED. Said to Be the Work, of a Roman Soldier Who Was on Calvary at the Time.

ORAZIO MARUCCHI, who for ten years past has made a special study of the "graffito," has just discovered a wonderful picture of this style of drawing in the Palace of Tiberius, on the Palatine Hill,In Rome. "Crucifixion," The subject of the picture is the and Profes- PROFESSOR carefully weighing all the details connected with Marucehi. after Bor was drawn by a person who wit- the picture, is of the linn belief that it scene. nessed the was first discovered There are three crosses. When the "graffito" cross could hardly be discerned, but by careful treatment the central stronger, as figure of t»e walls it has been brought out much has the of Christ with the word "Crestus" abovfe »t- inscription is in Latin, and when translated reads: Christ, The rods, hanged upon the cross according having' been beaten with was to the secret customs."

* OT since the discovery of the considerable doubt as to the meaning of the rest inscription. "I,(!gia" containing some unpub- of the tit any- sayings of Christ has * M. Marucehi deciphers part of * J\J I&hed compares * I\ thing been found which * it: "Crestus, virgis caesus de- * in Interest to the student of cretus mori, super palum vivus * I Christian archaeology with the * fixus est," which is to say: * illeged discovery In the Palace of * "Christ, after having been * Hill, Rome, * rods, Tiberius, on the Palatine in beaten with having been * * die, * of a "graffito'; representing the Cruci- condemned to has been at- fixion, which occurred during the reign * tached living to the cross." * of Tiberius. " Various interpretations may be said, is apic- have been A "graffito, it made of other parts of it, some the on of ture or Inscription scratched the lines being love verses. It was, to how- wall. Making graffiti was a habit ever, customary to add to or subtract which the Romans were very much ad- from such inscriptions; so this objec- dicted, and owing to it we have been tion of archaeologists does not militate fortunate in obtaining much informa- against the theory that the picture tion which we could not have obtained really represents the Crucifixion. in any other way. Some contend that Professor Mar- A distinguished archaeologist, Profes- ucehi is mistaken, and that the scene sor Orazicr Marucehi, the director of represents a ropewalk, but what ob- the Egyptian Museum off the Vatican, ject would Roman soldiers have in por- has devoted himself for many years to traying a ropewalk, and how does this do away the study of epigraphy, and now he has with "Crestus" and Filetus? brought into great prominence M. Marucchi makes a great point in himself showing owing t>> his discovery of the graffito that behind the central figure there seems to a referred to. have been third cross, for it is pos- The picture is scratched on the level still sible to distinguish a of ground close by the angle of one third ladder the running up the same height as passages the the of the which lie under others and also a rope hanging bridge third structures adjoining the of Cali- like rest. profes- neighborhood of downward the Other gula, in the immediate sors say that the "graffito" represents the Clivus Victoriae. The building is the preparations for a battle. All Caligula to really a gallery made by doubts will probably be set at rest connect the palace with the Forum. when Professor Marucchi publishes a One reason that even the archaeolo- pamphlet upon " the subject. This gist has great difficulty in making out pamphlet is in preparation. the topography of the Palatine is that This is the second "graffito" of great it is covered with a vast series of sub- note that Professor Marucchi claims to structures which supported the palaces have discovered in the ten years he has and which afforded rooms and passage- been studying the "graffiti" in the pal- ways for the servants, slaves, and es- ace of Tiberius. The other "graffito" pecially the soldiers. At any moment was also a picture of the Crucifixion, a large force of soldiers could be con- in which Christ appeared with an ani- centrated at any point of danger. Itis mal's ears on his head. After long and conjectured that the graffito is the work hard study Professor Marucchi came to of a Christian slave or soldier who had the conclusion that the picture of witnessed the crucifixion. Christ was originally drawn by a Christian soldier and that afterward, It is not surprising that the soldiers in a spirit of ridicule, some pagan had for to scratch lines diversion used and attached the drawing of the ears of an drawings rough plaster the on the of animal to the figure's head. The in- wall. The "graffito" of the crucifixion scription under the figure had appa- very crude, Is as is so often the case in rently likewise been altered in a spirit A ON THE WALLS OF THE HOUSE OF TIBERIUS. THE INSCRIPTION IS IN sketches uf this kind. of derision. FAC SIMILE OF THE "GRAFFITO" SKETCHED BY ROMAN SOLDIER THIRD CROSS / It is believed that the picture was A copy of the new "graffito" has been LATIN AND CONTAINS THE NAMES OF FOUR ROMAN SOLDIERS, PILATE AND CHRIST. THE DOTTED LINES REPRESENT A drawn by a soldier who took a more or made by Professor Marucchi and pre- MADE, BUT BY CAREFUL TREATMENT OF THE WALL THE OUT- less active part in the crucifixion of sented to the Pope. THAT WAS HARDLY DISCERNIBLE WHEN THE DISCOVERY WAS FIRST Mount Calvary. The "graffito" is carefully protected HAVE BEEN BROUGHT OUT STRONGER. The figures are about fifteen centi- by a grating, and it is probable that LINES meters high. At the right and left are the study of it may bring some new requesting to make crosses, Tory to him not and soldiers mount ladders details to light,but at the present time quite so much noise in a public tram- placed against them. Each person in the evidence points to its being an early car in which he was going to town the great tragedy is duly inscribed representation of the Crucifixion. from his home in'Charlottenburg; and with his name, and "Filetus" was un- itis even said that he put his first baby doubtedly intended for Pontius Pilate. into the waste-paper basket one —day STRANGE EXPERIMENTS WITH OUR NERVES. Berliners tell many a story it up because Itcried. St. inscription of The of and covered The twelve or fifteen Mommsen's absent-mindedness, and he James Gazette. lines begins with the word "Crestus," has ever been credited with not having by Fight. Suppose you are Itotal darkness we have very different is already as a rough recognized his own little son, The suicides at Monte an may preatly surprise many per- of paper represented an enlarged dia- Idominated which known and with Carlo reach • dark; from what we have of of having name prepara- of fifty yearly. to learn of the fact that gram of the retina of the eye. The tc-uched while in the how do you j sensations when in form the name Christ. There is asked him his average sons ' the light of day. everybody a blind spot in each subject whose blind spot was to be know where you are touched? Cornell j has Strange things are with this eye. only this, but every found was asked to look straight at professors assert, and say they have : done Not chair in room. Men are person has a great number of the paper on the wall. A round piece proved, that in the majority of cases j this dark IT spots on the paper one inch in diame*ter it is from the picture coming in the placed In it and are whirled around of black blank or nerveless they are dizzy. Then, when they in which little or no feel- was now produced and was moved mind, and not by the touch at all. Aft- until skin there is expect it, platinum heated ing or facts have very slowly up and down the merid- er all, we have a better idea of the least wires sensation. These to are to developed by certain experiments or curved lines on the wall. By appearance of our bodies than we, per- brilliant whiteness made been ians glow by means an current. on in University. moving up one line and down the next haps, credit ourselves with having. If of electric carried Cornell IThe subject is required quickly to professors say and going from line to line the yc-u had not a very accurate sense of j The experimenting thus point which is paint- spot black was sure in the end to appearance of your body, is a cut the spot at the wire that when you look at a great of the it j glowing. But this, to say, is or any- every part of the design question or not you j strange ing or a play, or a newspaper, have passed whether would always possible whirling While it was being exactly any is not after the thing that comes within the limits of on the wall. know where part of it of the chair. ordinary vision, you do not see it all moved along one of the lines the pro- touched on occasion. The sense of directly op- suddenly cried out: best, at once. There is a point fessor touch is evanescent at and un- A WORD WITH HUSBANDS. posite your individual blind spot which "Oh, Icannot see it now!" less you formed a mental picture at is invisible to you. It is so in the Then as itproceeded a little further once you would not be able to locate Give Your Wife a Little Praise and best of eyes. The lower animals are on he said: "There, now Isee it the sensation two minutes afterward. See How ItWorks. in same the condition. again!" The point can easily be proved by only knew, or ifknow- on skin spots the skin are "Ifhusbands As to the blank spots the Blank or dead in blindfolding the eyes and touching the ing, only cared, how very much their the professors say you could be so to find. They exist all that not hard hand with the end of an ordinary pen- and manners affect the temper- touched a hot iron on one of these over body. When you touch any- word* with the holder. Having done so, try ature of the home world, they would places any pain. Stran- thing, or when some hot substance to find the and not feel place where you were never, by word or deed, leave it en- ger still, spots are scattered all in with the skin, you touched wfthout these comes contact looking at It shrouded in gloom," argues Mrs. A. M. over body. They are small in it, its bulk, in it. will be f-^und almost • the instantly feel because impossible to it, being Marriott in an article entitled "Praise " size, are to on the out a hundred, do and the hand but they be found ninety-nine cases of only wide, Your Wife," in Woman's Home hands, arms, chest, feet, many spots a few inches even the frac- March face, legs and covers not only dead Companion. wives the hus- and, many sen- tion of an inch difference in locating "To most in fact, everywhere on the hu- on the skin but equally as band is the sun around which every man to find them out are in the habit of the correct spot would count much in frame. In order sitive spots. You of the theory. thought revolves. There is scarcely possible a map of a man's every part of the skin favor In a blind man the and if make supposing that is an instant in which his presence is not blank spots, the professors in pain induced by heat state of affairs still more compli- work, skin is susceptible to felt as she goes about her or Cornell applied scalding water to the cold, you imagine cated. If stricken with blindness he or and therefore memory picture even when at rest. subject's places the warm every part touched would have a of the skin. In that portion of the body, "There is no true woman but willre- water was too painful to be borne; in or cold can be appearance of his but if born again is in pain. But if heat any pay her husband over and over others, felt at all. through some blind he could not have visual it could not be conveyed to the skin map; may for kind, thoughtful treatment. He is it will be therefore we have the cu- childish, may Blind spots are caused by the optic delicate point of contact ready to call her and she very rious operation of the building up of sure, nerve itself. That which gives to the that in the aggregate some seem so to him; but one thing is eyeball found a touch picture. The blind man, by va- its most vital principle at this patches of skin are verita- a woman never forgets. Alllittle deeds extended rious means aside from sight, has pre- sown by particular point detracts from it. bly dead. of love or thoughtfulness his all, with the conceived ideas of the general shapes yield certain and abundant After we really see brain. Cornell College there is a dia- hand a The eye merely a in which In and appearances of his head, arms, harvest. She may love her home bet- is camera an ordinary man's thigh, on on earth, yet she we photographed on gram of legs, thorax, abdomen and other parts ter than any spot what look at is spaces which are in- gets so weary of the daily retina, plate, at the which are shown of his body. Hence when he is touched sometimes the or sensitive heat, cold or pain. In some of never-ending duties that fall back. Now, optic nerve enters sensible to this introspective picture immediately routine ca .not help an oc- the are almost no sensations to her lot that she through the retina, and its very en- places there looms up in his mind, and he knows feeling of envy for those who Against these places knee, casional trance a in the smooth, of temperature. that it is his foot, hand or other have more time for recreation, for go- causes break lay iron, and reflecting surface of the retina. Itis you might almost a hot part of his body which has been ing abroad, for all the little things dear but effect. You every woman, but which of a stringy nature, but the so-oalled it wcmld have little touched. to the heart of a sharp the stern hand of duty most effectually string is by no means round. There- might prick other spots with In one of the big dark rooms in Cor- enjoying. needle, and, you penetrated too debars her from fore it enters the retina by way of unless nell there is a curious piece of appa- "If she is preparing the meals the irregularly shaped it not be felt. Some of or some what would be an deeply, would ratus used in connection with these ex- way John likes this that, or hole. spot. are sharply pointed af- he has made about some ar- This is the blind The the instruments periments in touch. remark perfect sight to fairs, heated with boiling water. They Itis a chair, the ticle of food is recalled to mind; if she nerve interferes with back, seat and of the extent of an irregularly shaped spot forward and backward over the footrest which can be looks about her she sees his hats and travel straightened out so as hanging on the hooks, and in the retina. This spot, when en- skin, touching every minute part of it to form a reclin- coats the ing or hats invariably wear the same expres- larged through very natural pro- succession, and reproducing, by chair, when perefectly flat a the in Itis operated on sion that John's face wore when he cess of looking at a white wall a few instrument, table. a pivot so that morning; a jolly, good- means of a pantagraph-like the can left in the feet away, appears, when outlined in the subject indi- whole affair be spun like a top. look ifhe went away pleasant, as the sensations of The man to experimented humored defiant, black, very like a splotch of diagram be upon is angry a gruff, attend -to much cate, a complete of the dead if air ink about as large as a quarter of a asked to sit in it. Then the gas is your-own-business takes the place spaces on his skin. so lately gentle pliable shapes shape blind spot turned off and the walls of the room of the in dollar. The of the in these experiments on felt, fairly bristle with wrath persons varies, just In line with are so constructed that not one ray of and over different as does spaces the biggest things some trifle, but still enough to obscure dead one of light can reveal his surroundings. many the size of their heads. been to prove the sun in the little world for ) laboratory psychology Cornell has done has that Without acquainting him with the fact weary day, perchance, In the of in all, a ere it is seem- OF THE IN THE BASEMENT OF THE HOUSE OF TIBE- College a map •we have not, after a varied sense that any change is to be made the ingly forgotten. CORNER POSITION "GRAFFITO" Cornell there is of the any that, blind spot of the eyes of Professor of touch. That is, if part of the chair is moved into various positions. "Still, for all she would not for RIUS IN ROME. THE GRATING SEEN IN THE ABOVE CUT WAS ORDERED Tichenor. It was procured In a very body is touched we do not became He is made to sit, to recline and to lie the whole world exchange places, even any if she could, with any other woman, curious yet very simple manner. On a aware of it by sense of acute feel- down successively, and as the changes PLACED THERE BY THE AUTHORITIES TO PROTECT THE DRAWING FROM CU- part, by leaving home and John—dear old John blank sheet paper several feet ing in that but the mental are made he is asked to st *c precisely —as price of proceeding the• * * of her freedom from WHO THRONGED THE PLACE WHEN THE DISCOVERY WAS square were eighty mer- picture of the which we in- the position of his body. The mistakes care. If your wife RIOSITY SEEKERS there drawn words, has been a idians or lines, extending In a vertical stantly form. In other the sense which some of the subjects have made faithful and true wife to you tell her entirely proved conclusively MADE PUBLIC. curve from top to bottom. The sheet of touch in normal persons is have that when in sa.