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Lesnická Botanika

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Lesnická Botanika Škola + praxe = úspěch na trhu práce reg. č. CZ.1.07/2.1.00/32.0012 Vyšší odborná škola lesnická a Střední lesnická škola Bedřicha Schwarzenberga Písek Učební texty z předmětu Lesnická botanika Ing. Holkup, J. Mgr. Polanská, L., Ph.D. Písek, 2013 Obsah učebních textů UčEBNÍ TEXTY 1. Úvod (Ing. Holkup, J., Mgr. Polanská, L., Ph.D.) .....................................................................................9 2. Systematické třídění organismů (Mgr. Polanská, L., Ph.D.) ................................................................9 2.1. Taxonomie...........................................................................................................................................9 2.2. Viry .....................................................................................................................................................10 2.3. Prokaryota ........................................................................................................................................10 2.4. Eukaryota ..........................................................................................................................................10 2.4.1. Houby a lišejníky ....................................................................................................................11 2.4.2. Rostliny ....................................................................................................................................12 3. Systematické třídění stanovištních roslin (Mgr. Polanská, L., Ph.D.) ..............................................13 3.1. Mechorosty........................................................................................................................................13 3.1.1. Oddělení: Marchantiophyta – játrovky ...............................................................................13 3.1.2. Oddělení: Bryophyta – mechy ..............................................................................................14 3.1.2.1. Třída: Polytrichopsida – ploníky ...........................................................................14 3.1.2.2. Třída: Bryopsida – pravé mechy.............................................................................14 3.1.2.3. Třída: Sphagnopsida – rašeliníky ..........................................................................14 3.2. Výtrusné cévnaté rostliny Lycopodiophyta a Monilophyta ......................................................15 3.2.1. Lycopodiophyta – plavuně, plavuňovité rostliny ...............................................................15 3.2.1.1. Řád: Lycopodiales – plavuňotvaré .........................................................................15 Čeleď: Lycopodiaceae – plavuňovité......................................................................15 Čeleď: Huperziaceae – vrancovité ..........................................................................15 3.2.2. Monilophyta – kapadiny a příbuzné rostliny .....................................................................16 3.2.2.1. Řád: Equisetales – přesličkotvaré ..........................................................................16 Čeleď: Equisetaceae – přesličkovité .......................................................................16 3.2.2.2. Řád: Polypodiales – osladičotvaré .........................................................................16 Čeleď: Blechnaceae – žebrovicovité .......................................................................16 Čeleď: Dennstaedtiaceae – hasivkovité .................................................................16 Čeleď: Thelypteridaceae – kapradiníkovité ..........................................................16 Čeleď: Athyriaceae – papratkovité .........................................................................16 Čeleď: Dryopteridaceae – kapraďovité ..................................................................17 Čeleď: Polypodiaceae – osladičovité .....................................................................17 3.3. Lignophyta = Spermatophyta – semenné rostliny ......................................................................17 3.3.1. Gymnospermae – nahosemenné rostliny ............................................................................17 3.3.1.1. Ginkgophyta – jinany ..............................................................................................17 Čeleď: Ginkgoaceae – jinanovité ............................................................................17 3.3.1.2. Pinophyta – jehličnany (konifery) .........................................................................18 Čeleď: Cupressaceae – cyprišovité .........................................................................18 Čeleď: Pinaceae – borovicovité...............................................................................18 Čeleď: Taxaceae – tisovité ......................................................................................18 3.3.2. Angiospermae – krytosemenné rostliny, kvetoucí rostliny ..............................................18 3.3.2.1. Magnoliopsida – nižší dvouděložné ......................................................................19 3.3.2.1.1. Řád: Piperales – pepřotvaré .................................................................19 Čeleď: Aristolochiaceae – podražcovité .............................................19 3.3.2.2. Liliopsida – jednoděložné rostliny (monokotyledony) ...................................... 20 3.3.2.2.1. Řád: Liliales – liliotvaré ....................................................................... 20 Čeleď: Melanthiaceae – kýchavicovité ............................................... 20 Čeleď: Liliaceae s. str. – liliovité ......................................................... 20 3 3.3.2.2.2. Řád: Asparagales – chřestotvaré ........................................................ 20 Čeleď: Amaryllidaceae – amarylkovité ............................................. 20 Čeleď: Iridaceae – kosatcovité..............................................................21 Čeleď: Orchidaceae – vstavačovité ......................................................21 Čeleď: Asparagaceae – chřestovité ......................................................21 3.3.2.2.3. Řád: Poales – lipnicotvaré ....................................................................21 Čeleď: Juncaceae – sítinovité ................................................................21 Čeleď: Cyperaceae – šáchorovité ........................................................ 22 Čeleď: Poaceae – lipnicovité ................................................................ 22 3.3.2.3. Vyšší (pravé) dvouděložné rostliny – Eu-Dicots (Rosopsida) ............................ 23 3.3.2.3.1. Řád: Ranunculales – pryskyřníkotvaré ............................................. 23 Čeleď: Ranunculaceae – pryskyřníkovité ......................................... 23 Čeleď: Papaveraceae – mákovité ......................................................... 24 3.3.2.3.2. Řád: Proteales – proteotvaré ............................................................... 24 Čeleď: Platanaceae – platanovité ........................................................ 24 3.3.2.3.3. Řád: Caryophyllales – hvozdíkotvaré ................................................ 25 Čeleď: Caryophyllaceae – hvozdíkovité ............................................ 25 Čeleď: Droseraceae – rosnatkovité ..................................................... 25 Čeleď: Polygonaceae – rdesnovité ...................................................... 25 3.3.2.3.4. Řád: Saxifragales – lomikamenotvaré ............................................... 25 Čeleď: Saxifragaceae – lomikamenovité ............................................ 25 Čeleď: Grossulariaceae – meruzalkovité ........................................... 26 3.3.2.3.5. Řád: Santalales – santálotvaré ............................................................ 26 Čeleď: Santalaceae – santálovité ......................................................... 26 Čeleď: Loranthaceae – ochmetovité ................................................... 26 3.3.2.3.6. Řád: Geraniales – kakostotvaré .......................................................... 26 Čeleď: Geraniaceae – kakostovité ...................................................... 26 3.3.2.3.7. Řád: Myrtales – myrtotvaré ................................................................ 26 Čeleď: Onagraceae – pupalkovité ....................................................... 26 3.3.2.3.8. Řád: Celastrales – jesencotvaré ...........................................................27 Čeleď: Celastraceae – jesencovité ........................................................27 3.3.2.3.9. Řád: Malpighiales – malpighiotvaré ...................................................27 Čeleď: Euphorbiaceae – pryšcovité .....................................................27 Čeleď: Hypericaceae – třezalkovité .....................................................27 Čeleď: Violaceae – violkovité ...............................................................27 Čeleď: Salicaceae – vrbovité ................................................................ 28 3.3.2.3.10. Řád: Oxalidales – šťavelotvaré ............................................................ 28 Čeleď: Oxalidaceae – šťavelovité ........................................................ 28 3.3.2.3.11. Řád: Fabales – bobotvaré ..................................................................... 28 Čeleď: Fabaceae – bobovité ................................................................
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