Free State, South Africa
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Please cite this paper as: Free State’s Regional Steering Committee (2010), “Free State, Self Evaluation Report”, OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development, IMHE, http://www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/regionaldevelopment OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development Free State, South Africa SELF-EVALUATION REPORT Prepared by: Regional Coordinating committee K Mokhele (Chairperson of the Regional Steering Committee) M Lenka (Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State) M Maharaswa (Department of the Premier) L Marais (Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State) (Regional coordinator) M Mokalobe (Department of the Premier) K Strydom (Free State Education and Training Trust) In collaboration with: Chapter authors (alphabetical order) Chapter 1: JP Geldenhuys; M Moses; A Pool Chapter 2: N Bredenkamp; D Hay; B Khotseng; T Montso; K Strydom Chapter 3: K Mokhele; N Le Roux; G Taylor; F Swanepoel Chapter 4: T Montso; R Niemann; M Wilson-Strydom Chapter 5: M Mzamane; E Tait; K Teisse Chapter 6: N Sookdin; F Strydom Chapter 7: L Marais; K Strydom Directorate for Education Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE) Preamble Two important points need to be made as a preamble to this report: 1) We acknowledge that South African universities are national assets. However, at the same time, we wish to argue through this self-evaluation report, that universities could play a much greater role in terms of the regions in which they are located. Such a pro-regional approach could be motivated by the fact that universities tend to attract students from the region in which they are located. Moreover, a regional approach could also be seen as a way to increase the internationalisation and international links of universities. 2) We have used the Free State provincial boundaries to define our concept of region. In hindsight it might have been more appropriate to have included Lesotho and at least the Northern Cape Province. For this reason, we acknowledge that the implications of this report are applicable to a much wider region than the current Free State boundaries. This report was prepared by the Free State’s Regional Steering Committee in collaboration with a number of higher education institutions in the Free State as an input to the OECD Review of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. It was prepared in response to guidelines provided by the OECD to all participating regions. The guidelines encouraged constructive and critical evaluation of the policies, practices and strategies in HEIs’ regional engagement. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the Free State’s Regional Steering Committee in, the OECD or its Member countries. i Map 1: The Free State Map 2: The geographical landscape under apartheid ii Map 3: South African Universities and comprehensive universities iii Map 4: Universities of technology iv v Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF THE FREE STATE ............................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 THE FREE STATE IN HISTORY ....................................................................................... 1 1.3 DEMOGRAPHY AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS ......................................................... 4 1.4 SOCIAL INDICATORS ....................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Health 6 1.4.1.1 Leading causes of mortality .................................................................................... 7 1.4.1.2 Health sector inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes.......................................... 7 1.4.1.3 The demand for health care and medical aid coverage .......................................... 8 1.4.2 Welfare/Poverty .................................................................................................................... 8 1.4.2.1 Main household source of income, household income ........................................... 8 1.4.2.2 Access to public services ........................................................................................ 9 1.4.2.3 Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and household welfare ................................................................................ 10 1.4.3 Education ............................................................................................................................ 10 1.5 ECONOMY AND LABOUR MARKET ............................................................................ 12 1.5.1 Economic base and structure ............................................................................................... 12 1.5.2 Labour market developments .............................................................................................. 13 1.5.3 Business environment .......................................................................................................... 14 1.5.4 Productivity, output and employment ................................................................................. 15 1.6 GOVERNANCE ................................................................................................................. 16 1.7 LESOTHO .......................................................................................................................... 17 1.8 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR ............................................................................................... 20 2.1 THE LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT: THE INHERITANCE IN 1994 ..................... 20 2.2 THE LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT: AFTER 1994.................................................. 22 vi 2.3 THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONAL LANDSCAPE (2004–2010) .......... 23 2.3.1 Planning mechanisms .......................................................................................................... 24 2.3.2 Funding mechanisms ........................................................................................................... 24 2.3.3 Quality assurance mechanisms ............................................................................................ 24 2.4. AN OVERVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES IN SOUTH AFRICAN HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING........................................................................................ 25 2.4.1 Governance of higher education institutions (universities) .................................................. 25 2.4.1 Student enrolments and equity ............................................................................................. 25 2.4.3 Staff equity ........................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.4 Quality a key policy driver ................................................................................................... 26 2.4.5 Learning, teaching and research at the heart of institutional transformation........................ 26 2.4.6 Completion and consolidation of the mergers and creating genuinely South African and African institutions .............................................................................................................. 27 2.4.7 Mediating “demand overload” ............................................................................................. 27 2.4.8 Securing adequate funding for higher education and for student access and equity of opportunity .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.9 Responding to the educational needs of post-school youth ................................................ 27 2.4.10 Summative perspectives on achievement and concerns ..................................................... 28 2.5 AN OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA AS EXPLAINED IN THE COUNCIL ON HIGHER EDUCATION MONITOR NO 8 OF OCTOBER 2009 ................................................................................................................. 29 2.5.1 The size and shape of the higher education sector .............................................................. 29 2.5.1.1 Enrolments and outputs in higher education........................................ 29 2.5.1.2 Funding higher education .................................................................... 32 2.5.1.3 The role of private institutions ............................................................. 33 2.5.1.5 South Africa attracts students from Africa ........................................... 34 2.5.1.6 Concluding comments on size and shape ............................................. 34 2.5.2. Detailed statistics on teaching and learning, sustaining and promoting research and staffing of public universities ........................................................................................................... 35 2.6 THE CREATION OF A NEW MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN LATE 2009 IN RELATION TO VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................... 52 2.6.1 Further Education and Training and Further Education and Training College within a new intermediate sector .............................................................................................................