How Regime Theory and the Economic Theory of International Environmental Cooperation Can Learn from Each Other •
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Coping with the Security Dilemma: a Fundamental Ambiguity of State Behaviour Andras Szalai Central European University
Volume 2 (2), 2009 AMBIGUITIES Coping with the Security Dilemma: A Fundamental Ambiguity of State Behaviour Andras Szalai Central European University Abstract he wording of international treaties, the language and actions of statesmen are often T ambiguous, even controversial. But there is a different, more fundamental ambiguity underlying international relations; one that is independent of human nature or the cognitive limitations of decision makers but instead results from the correct adjustment of state behaviour to the uncertainties of an anarchical international system. Due to the anarchical nature of the international system — the lack of a sovereign — states can only rely on their own strength for self-defence. But self-protection often threatens other states. If a state purchases armaments, even if it claims not to have aggressive intents, there is no sovereign to enforce these commitments and there is no way of being certain that the purchasing state is telling the truth, or that it will not develop such intents in the future. The so- called security dilemma has a number of effects on state behaviour. First, states often worry about implausible threats (see e.g. British defence plans against a possible French invasion in the 1930s) and/or get caught in arms races. Second, states develop an inherent mistrust in the language of the other, requiring commitments to be firm and unambiguous in order to be credible, since ambiguity invites conflicts and renders cooperation more difficult. Still, on the one hand, instead of a world of constant mistrust, we register instances of institutionalized inter-state cooperation. On the other hand, states often choose to make commitments that are deliberately ambiguous and outperform more transparent commitments. -
The IMF and the World Bank in an Evolving World
3 The IMF and the World Bank in an Evolving World This session fea tured two speakers from major countries who have played ac tive and important roles in their countries for many years. The first speaker was Manmohan Singh, the Finance Minister of India and one of the chief archi tects of lndia's recent economic reform program. He was followed by C. Fred Bergsten, the founder and Director of the Institute for International Economics and a fo nner Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Tr easury Department. After they addressed the global issues affecting the Bretton Woods institutions from their unique perspectives, the Chairman of the session-lıımberto Dini, Minister of the Tr easury of Italy-offered an overview and synthesis of the suggestions presented. The speakers then responded to a number of questions and com ments raised by other participants. Manmohan Singh When I was invited to speak at this conference, I accepted with great pleasure. Fiftieth anniversaries are festive occasions when old friends gather to relive pleasant memories, to rejoice and felicitate. I have been privileged, in various capacities in the Government of India, to dea! with the Bretton Woods institutions for almost half of the 50 years we are commemorating today. I have innumerable pleasant memories and old friends associated with these institutions and it is therefore a partic ular pleasure to be part of this celebration. Twoscore and ten years is not a very long time for historians, but it is time enough to reflect on the achievements of institutions and draw new blueprints for the future. -
The Lost and the New 'Liberal World' of Welfare Capitalism
Social Policy & Society (2017) 16:3, 405–422 C Cambridge University Press 2016. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S1474746415000676 The Lost and the New ‘Liberal World’ of Welfare Capitalism: A Critical Assessment of Gøsta Esping-Andersen’s The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism a Quarter Century Later Christopher Deeming School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol E-mail: [email protected] Celebrating the 25th birthday of Gøsta Esping-Andersen’s seminal book The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (1990), this article looks back at the old ‘liberal world’ and examines the new. In so doing, it contributes to debates and the literature on liberal welfare state development in three main ways. First, it considers the concept of ‘liberalism’ and liberal ideas about welfare provision contained within Three Worlds. Here we are also interested in how liberal thought has conceptualised the (welfare) state, and the class-mobilisation theory of welfare-state development. Second, the article elaborates on ‘neo-’liberal social reforms and current welfare arrangements in the English-speaking democracies and their welfare states. Finally, it considers the extent to which the English-speaking world of welfare capitalism is still meaningfully ‘liberal’ and coherent today. Key words: Welfare regimes, welfare state capitalism, liberalism, neoliberalism, comparative social policy. Introduction Esping-Andersen’s The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Three Worlds hereafter) has transformed and inspired social research for a quarter of a century. -
International Governmental Organization Knowledge Management for Multilateral Trade Lawmaking Michael P
American University International Law Review Volume 15 | Issue 6 Article 6 2000 International Governmental Organization Knowledge Management for Multilateral Trade Lawmaking Michael P. Ryan W. Christopher Lenhardt Katsuya Tamai Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Ryan, Michael P., et al. "International Governmental Organization Knowledge Management for Multilateral Trade Lawmaking." American University International Law Review 15, no. 6 (2000): 1347-1378. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR MULTILATERAL TRADE LAWMAKING MICHAEL P. RYAN' W. CHRISTOPHER LENHARDT*° KATSUYA TAMAI INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1347 I. KNOWLEDGE AND THE FUNCTIONAL THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION ........................................ 1349 II. INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AS KNOWLEDGE MANAGERS .... 1356 III. ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ...................... 1361 IV. INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR MULTILATERAL -
The English School: an Underexploited Resource in IR
Review of International Studies (2001), 27, 471–488 Copyright © British International Studies Association The English School: an underexploited resource in IR BARRY BUZAN1 Abstract. The English School is an underutilized research resource and deserves a larger role in IR than it currently has. Its distinctive elements are its methodological pluralism, its historicism, and its interlinking of three key concepts: international system, international society and world society. International society is the main focus, and the via media, between the other two, but more work needs to be done to develop the School’s theoretical position, particularly in understanding the relationship between international and world society. In order to realize its potential, the English School needs both to construct a more coherent research agenda and to recover some of the working method of the British Committee. It is potentially a way of challenging the theoretical fragmentation that afflicts IR, and of setting up the foundations for a return to grand theory. 1. Introduction The English School as an approach to international relations (IR) is ripe for reconsideration. It has succeeded in establishing a globally recognized brand name (no mean feat for a non-American theory in the second half of the twentieth century), and is well into a substantial third generation of active scholarship. Yet it still remains outside the mainstream of American IR, and had its designation as a School given to it by someone calling for its closure.2 Although impressively active in terms of people writing within or about it, it displays no discernible sense of direction, and the systematic working method that animated and inspired its first generation has atrophied even as the number of people working in the tradition has expanded. -
A Neorealist Analysis of International Space Politics (1957-2018)
“War in Space: Why Not?” A Neorealist Analysis of International Space Politics (1957-2018) Eirik Billingsø Elvevold Dissertação em Relações Internacionais Maio, 2019 Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Relações Internacionais, realizada sob a orientação científica da Professora Doutora Ana Santos Pinto e a co-orientação científica do Mestre Rui Henrique Santos. ii To my wife Leyla, For your love, patience and support. iii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS As I came to Portugal to work for the Norwegian Embassy in Lisbon, I had no idea I would stay to study for several years. The decision, however, I will never regret. I would like to thank Universidade Nova and the social sciences faculty, FCSH, for allowing me to study at a leading university for International Relations in Portugal. Our classes, especially with prof. Tiago Moreira de Sa and prof. Carlos Gaspar, will always be remembered. To my coordinator, professor Ana Santos Pinto, I want to express gratitude for her guidance, sharp mind and patience throughout the process. The idea of studying a mix of international politics and space came with me from Norway to Portugal. After seeing Pinto teach in our scientific methods class, I asked her to be my coordinator. Even on a topic like space, where she admitted to having no prior expertise, her advice and thoughts were essential for me both academically and personally during the writing process. In addition, I want to express my sincere gratitude to Rui Henriques Santos for stepping in as my co- coordinator when professor Pinto took on other challenges at the Portuguese Ministry of Defense. -
The Evolution of Social Constructivism in International Relations
A tale of two cognitions: The Evolution of Social Constructivism in International Relations https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201700105 Rev. Bras. Polít. Int., 60(1): e014, 2017 Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional Abstract ISSN 1983-3121 Constructivism in International Relations (IR) is popular, but constructivists http://www.scielo.br/rbpi seem disappointed. Allegedly something has been lost. Such criticisms are misplaced. There was never a uniform Constructivism. Since constructivism Hannes Peltonen is socially constructed, to argue that constructivism has evolved “wrongly” University of Tampere, School of Management, Tampere, Finland is odd. This paper explains the dissatisfaction with constructivism followed ([email protected]) by a second reading of its evolution as a tale of two cognitions. These two ORCID ID: cognitions distinguish genera in the constructivist “family”. A criticism against orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-8520 one genus based on the cognition of the other is unfair. A focus on cognitions and the use of genera helps in perceiving constructivism’s future evolution. Keywords: Cognition, constructivism, evolution, evolutionary branching, disciplinary history. Received: September 7, 2016 Accepted: March 24, 2017 Introduction he contemporary state of social constructivism in International TRelations (IR) is somewhat paradoxical1. Constructivism is well established and popular, but many constructivists seem unhappy. The common claim by dissatisfied constructivists is a variation on a theme about the mainstreaming of constructivism and how something important was lost in that process. Yet, as this article argues, such Copyright: • This is an open-access article distributed claims are misplaced. For one, there was never some uniform IR under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits “Constructivism,” which then lost something. -
SIS 801 Schools of Thought in International Relations
Schools of Thought in International Relations American University School of International Service Fall 2017 SIS 801-001 Amitav Acharya Course Information: Class Hours: Tuesdays 11:20am- 02:10pm, Room SIS 348 Office: SIS 323 Office Hours: Monday 11am-1pm Tuesday 2.30-4pm Other days: by prior appointment only Course Description: International relations (IR) is a relatively young discipline, which by some accounts, goes back to a mere 100 years. Founded in the UK, it really came onto its own as an “American social science”. Now, it is rapidly expanding around the globe, especially in emerging countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, and Turkey. Yet, from the very beginning, IR and its theories have been deeply contested. Some of the earlier debates in IR were between paradigms (Idealism-Realism, Positivism-Post Positivism, Rationalism- Constructivism, etc.) while the more recent debates have been about whether the discipline is genuinely inclusive and global. Indeed, the future of the discipline itself and of IR theory in particular, is being debated. The aim of this course is to help students develop a command over the major theoretical perspectives and debates in IR. But it also goes beyond the standard conventions and narratives of the discipline to look at the emerging perspectives and examine the possibility of a global IR. Learning Outcomes Through this course students will be able to master basic facts, concepts, and central theoretical debates in the field of international relations. Students will learn to critically engage with theoretical debates and form their own approach to the study of international relations. -
The Construction of International Regimes in East Asia: Coercion, Consensus and Collective Goods
THE CONSTRUCTION OF INTERNATIONAL REGIMES IN EAST ASIA: COERCION, CONSENSUS AND COLLECTIVE GOODS Mark Beeson A revised version of this paper was published in Sargeson, Sally (ed.), Collective Goods, Collective Futures in Asia, London: Routledge, 2002, pp 25-40. Abstract This paper employs theories of hegemony to explore the way the regional economic regime was reconstituted in the aftermath of the East Asian financial crisis of 1997. An important distinction is made here between realist and Gramscian notions of hegemony in the construction of international orders. I argue that while these perspectives are predicated upon very different assumptions about the way the world works, they both offer important insights about the development of the contemporary international political economy in East Asia. In the final section of the chapter I examine recent events in the region in more detail and consider their implications for the future of international relations more generally. It has become commonplace to observe that we live in an increasingly interconnected, not to say global era. While it is necessary to treat undifferentiated notions of ‘globalisation’ with some caution, international economic interaction in particular has clearly been accelerating. In such circumstances, the external environment within which international commerce occurs has become an increasingly important influence on both the activities of private economic actors and the more general domestic affairs of nations. The conduct of economic activity, both internationally -
Regime Theory Thirty Years On: Taking Stock, Moving Forward Written by Oran R
Regime Theory Thirty Years On: Taking Stock, Moving Forward Written by Oran R. Young This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. Regime Theory Thirty Years On: Taking Stock, Moving Forward https://www.e-ir.info/2012/09/18/regime-theory-thirty-years-on-taking-stock-moving-forward/ ORAN R. YOUNG, SEP 18 2012 The 30th anniversary of the International Organization special issue on international regimes[1] provides a good opportunity to take stock of the substantial stream of regime analysis that has developed over the last several decades and to consider whether this stream has run its course or continues to offer a source of inspiration for researchers interested in understanding the conditions governing international cooperation. It is worth noting at the outset that those of us who developed regime analysis as a way to structure our work in the 1970s and contributed articles to the special issue of International Organization in 1982 had no idea how this research program would take off during the remainder of the 1980s and beyond. We knew from the outset, of course, that regime analysis would be helpful as a means of getting around the formalism that marked much work on international organizations at the time and that it could provide the basis for thinking about what we have come to refer to as governance without government at the international level.[2] But we did not anticipate that regime analysis would become intertwined with the rise of international political economy and international environmental governance as vibrant fields of study and provide intellectual capital that would prove valuable to the rapidly growing community of researchers working in these fields. -
Europe As International Actor: Maximizing Nation-State Sovereignty by Laurent Goetschel* Fellow for European Studies Swiss Peace Foundation P.O
Program for the Study of Ge7ll'l£11ly and Europe Working Paper Series #6.3 Europe as International Actor: Maximizing Nation-State Sovereignty by Laurent Goetschel* Fellow for European Studies Swiss Peace Foundation P.O. Box CH . 3000 Berne 13 spfgoetsche [email protected] Tel 41 31 311 55 82 Fax 41 31 311 5583 Abstract The continually increasing literature on foreign- and security-policy dimensions of the European Union (EU) has provided no remedy for the widespread helplessness in gaining a purchase on Europe as an international actor. The basic hindrance to understanding this policy comes from an all-too-literal interpretation of the acronym involved: the CFSP is understood as a total or partial replacement of the nation-states' foreign and security policy. This article aims to point the way to a new understanding of the CFSP in which this policy is not based on the integration of nation state foreign and security policy. I suggest that the proper way to grasp the phenomenon of the CFSP is to describe it as an international regime whose goal is to administer links between economic integration and foreign- and security policy cooperation in the sense of maximizing the sovereignty of member states. This requires, on the one hand, the prevention of "spillovers" from the economic area that could interfere with the foreign- and security-policy indepen dence of member states. On the other hand, it demands applying the EU's economic potential to reinforce the foreign- and security-policy range of member states. Due to the logic of this policy, CFSP priorities and fields of ac tion differ profoundly from those of a national foreign and security policy. -
Neo-Gramscianism
Neo-Gramscianism Book or Report Section Accepted Version Okereke, C. (2015) Neo-Gramscianism. In: Pattberg, P. H. and Zelli, F. (eds.) Edward Elgar Encyclopaedia for Global Environmental Governance and Politics. Edward Edgar Press, Cheltenham, pp. 127-133. ISBN 9781782545781 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/54061/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Publisher: Edward Edgar Press All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online 20 Neo-Gramscianism and Climate Governance Chukwumerije Okereke In F. Zelli and P. Pattberg (Eds.), Edward Elgar Encyclopaedia for Global Environmental Governance and Politics (pp.127-133). Cheltenham: Edward Edgar Press. List of Acronyms CDM Clean Development Mechanism EU ETS European Union emissions trading system NGOs non-governmental organizations Definitions Neo-Gramscianism is a theoretical approach rooted in the Marxist political thought. The idea originated from Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), an Italian Marxist theoretician and politician who was a founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy. Most of his influential works were not outlined as a coherent system of thought but rather come in the form of fragmentary (and sometimes contradictory) notes written during his time of imprisonment by Benito Mussolini's fascist regime.