Your Role in Changing Hearts and Minds for Science Mary Woolley, President & CEO, Research!America

Jan. 21, 2016 Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs (AMSMIC) Chairs Annual Meeting - Antigua, Guatemala Advocacy works!

• Now it’s time to turn last year’s ‘moment’ for research into a movement

• Advocates for each sector working to achieve medical progress must stand shoulder-to- shoulder for research in 2016

• Scientists must be more visible and accountable Research!America: 27 Years of Putting Research on the Public Agenda

• Nonprofit alliance with member organizations drawn from academia, business, patient organizations and scientific societies representing more than 125 million Americans

• Distinguished, all-volunteer board includes former elected and appointed officials, media and public relations leaders, and leaders from alliance member organizations

• Three ‘sister’ organizations in Canada, Australia and Sweden Research!America Goals

• Achieve funding for research at the level of scientific opportunity

• Advocate a policy climate that stimulates rather than impedes research and development

• Empower members of the stakeholder community to engage non-scientists & advocate for research

• Ensure that the public hears about research benefits and success stories: Research must not become invisible! Current Research!America Advocacy Agenda

• Secure robust increases for NIH, FDA, CDC, AHRQ and NSF in FY17

• Protect health services research (HSR) and social, behavioral, economic (SBE) research from ongoing threats st • Ensure that a conferenced 21 Century Cures Act/Senate Innovation Initiative, including supplemental funds for NIH and FDA, is signed into law this year

• Work for repeal of the Medical device tax

• Build champions for research in Congress

• Build champions for research among candidates for federal office A Challenge: Pass the Starbucks Test Do You Know These People? Do These People Know You? Congressional Leadership, 114th Congress

House Leadership Senate Leadership

Rep. Paul Rep. Kevin Rep. Nancy Sen. Mitch Sen. John Ryan McCarthy Pelosi McConnell (R-KY) Cornyn (R-TX) (R-WI) (R-CA) (D-CA) Majority Leader Majority Whip Speaker Majority Leader Minority Leader

Sen. Dick Durbin Sen. Harry (D-IL) Reid Rep. Steve Rep. Steny Minority Whip Scalise Hoyer (D-NV) (R-LA) (D-MD) Minority Leader Majority Whip Minority Whip HELP and E&C Committee Leadership, 114th Congress

Health, Education, Labor and Energy and Commerce Pension Committee Leadership Committee Leadership

Sen. Lamar Sen. Patty Murray Rep. Fred Rep. Frank Pallone Alexander (D-WA), Ranking Upton (D-NJ), Ranking (R-TN), Chair Member (R-MI), Chair Member Appropriations Leadership, 114th Congress

Sen. Thad Cochran Sen. Barbara Mikulski Rep. Rep. (R-MS), Chair, (D-MD), Vice Chair, (R-KY), Chair, (D-NY), Ranking Member, Senate Appropriations Senate Appropriations House Appropriations House Appropriations Committee Committee Committee Committee

Labor-HHS Appropriations Subcommittee Leadership

Sen. Roy Blunt Sen. Patty Rep. Tom Cole Rep. Rosa (R-MI), Chair Murray (R-OK), Chair DeLauro (D-WA), (D-CT), Ranking Ranking Member Member NIH Buildings Named for Policymakers

Democrats: 7 Republicans: 5

Warren Grant Magnuson (D, WA) Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. (R, CN) •U.S. Rep (1937-1944) •U.S. Representative (1969-1971) •U.S. Senator (1944-1981) •U.S. Senator (1971-1989) •Connecticut Governor (1991-1995) Lawton Chiles (D, FL) •U.S. Senator (1971-1989) Mark Hatfield (R, OR) •Florida Governor (1991-1998) •Oregon Governor (1959-1967) •U.S. Senator (1967-1997) Claude Denson Pepper (D, FL) •U.S. Senator (1936-1951) C.W. (R, FL) •U.S. Representative (1963-1989) •U.S. Representative (1971-2013)

Joseph Lister Hill (D, AL) John Edward Porter (R, IL) •U.S. Representative (1923-1938) •U.S. Representative (1980-2001) •U.S. Senator (1938-1969) Silvio O. Conte (R, MA) Dale Bumpers (D, AR) •U.S. Representative (1959-1991) •Arkansas Governor (1971-1975) •U.S. Senator (1975-1999)

*Plaza named for Paul G. Rogers William Natcher (D, KY) (D, FL, U.S. Representative •U.S. Representative (1953-1994) 1955-1979) Louis Stokes (D, OH) •U.S. Representative (1969-1999) “Scientists must take off their lab coats and engage the people of their communities and states. They must be willing to defend and spread the good news about science.”

Science magazine editorial, June 2014

Research!America Chair, Former Congressman John Edward Porter Environment for Advocacy

• Election year politics

• Heightened public and policy-maker demand for transparency and accountability

• Importance of job creation, economic growth and global competitiveness

• Health care issues on front burner, especially cost and access issues

• Scientists are not speaking out

• Everyone is looking for solutions to what ails us Transparency and Accountability

“Scientists who profess agreement with transparency only when it is on their terms are really not for transparency at all. The public should be alarmed.” Confusing Headlines in the Media Science in Real Time

• People are understandably confused by the three steps forward/two steps back dynamic process of science.

• By standing back or failing to engage, researchers and advocates aren’t helping resolve public confusion. Healthy skepticism is a good thing in science and in public discourse!

• Public support for science is at stake. “…public sentiment is everything. With public sentiment, nothing can fail; without it nothing can succeed.”

President Abraham Lincoln Research!America Surveys

• Commissioning public opinion surveys on research issues for 22 years: • National Surveys • State-Based Surveys • Issue-Specific Surveys

• Telephone (random-digit dialing) surveys are conducted with a sample size of 800-1000 adults (age 18+) and a maximum theoretical sampling error of +/- 3.5%. Data are demographically representative of adult U.S. residents (state or national).

• Online surveys are conducted with a sample size of 1000-2000 adults and sampling error of +/-3.1%. The data are weighted in two stages to ensure accurate representation of the U.S. adult population. Only One Third Say U.S. Will Be a World Leader in Science in 2020

In your view, which of the following will be considered the number one world leader in science and technology in the year 2020?

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in August 2014. Important for U.S. to Lead in Research

How important do you think it is that the U.S. is a global leader in medical, health and scientific research?

11% 3% 6% Very Important Somewhat Important 47% Not Too Important Not At All Important Not Sure 33%

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in September 2015. Strong Majority Agree Basic Science Should be Supported

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Even if it brings no immediate benefits, basic scientific research that advances the frontiers of knowledge is necessary and should be supported by the federal government.” 15% 24% Strongly agree

4% Somewhat agree

11% Somewhat disagree

Strongly disagree

Not sure 46%

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in January 2015. Most Believe Government Should Prioritize STEM Education, Careers

Do you agree or disagree that the federal government should assign a higher priority to improving education focused on science, technology, engineering and mathematics and careers in those fields?

15% Strongly agree 35% 4% Somewhat agree

8% Somewhat disagree

Strongly disagree

Not sure 38%

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in January 2014. Public Policies Should be Based on Science

Do you agree or disagree with following statement -- Public policies should be based on the best available science.

10% 3% 10% Strongly Agree 38% Somewhat Agree Somewhat Disagree Strongly Disagree Don't Know

39%

Source: A Research!America and ScienceDebate.org poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in September 2015. Important for Elected Officials to Listen to Scientists

How important is it that elected officials at all levels listen to advice from scientists?

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in January 2015. Candidates Should Have a Basic Understanding of Science

How important do you think it is that candidates for President and Congress have a basic understanding of the science informing public policy issues? 2% 8% 3% Very Important Somewhat Important 28% Not Very Important Not Important At All 59% Not Sure

Source: A Research!America and ScienceDebate.org poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in September 2015. Presidential Candidates Should Participate in a Debate on Science

The presidential candidates should participate in a debate to discuss key science-based challenges facing the United States, such as healthcare, climate change, energy, education, innovation and the economy. 5% 2% 7%

Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree Somewhat Disagree 38% 48% Strongly Disagree Don't Know

Source: A Research!America and ScienceDebate.org poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in September 2015. Few Are Very Well Informed of the Positions of Candidates on Science

How well informed are you of the positions of current candidates for President of the United States about public policies and public funding for science and innovation?

9% 14% 13% Very Well Informed Somewhat Well Informed Not Very Well Informed Not Informed At All 31% Not Sure

33%

Source: A Research!America and ScienceDebate.org poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in September 2015. Campaign for Cures: 2016 Voter Education Initiative

• Elevate medical research in the national conversation during the election season

• Encourage voters to ask candidates their views on issues affecting the pace of medical progress

• Increase public awareness of how public and private sector research contributes to the health and economic security of our nation Visit www.campaignforcures.org for more information! Candidate Views on Research

"I've consistently said that I think it is a proper role for the federal government to invest in long- term, basic research to create an environment where the next disruptive technology comes out, or series of technologies." - Jeb Bush, December 2015

"And let’s fund the scientific and medical research that spawns innovative companies and creates entire new industries, just as the project to sequence the human genome did in the 1990s” – Hillary Clinton, July 2015 Candidate Views on Research

“America has always been a pioneering place. It has spurred innovation and offered hope and opportunity to millions of people from around the world. Many of our greatest innovators have been doctors and researchers who have risked everything to save lives. Yet now scientists and patients are too frequently being denied the opportunity to advance medical cures.” - Ted Cruz, October 2015

"I've continued to focus on the fact that we need to declare war on the four big cost drivers because 80 percent of all medical costs in this country are chronic disease. We don't have a health care crisis in America, we have a health crisis. And until we deal with the health of Americans and do what we did with polio -- when I was a little kid, we eradicated it.” – Mike Huckabee, October 2015 Most Trusted Spokespersons for Science?

How trustworthy do you consider each of the following to be as spokespersons for science?

33 48 9 9 Very Scientists trustworthy 24 52 12 9 Health care professionals Somewhat trustworthy Patient organizations 19 47 16 15 Not very Journalists 8 34 32 16 11 trustworthy

Bloggers 7 21 37 20 15 Not at all trustworthy Business leaders 7 31 34 16 13 Not sure Elected officials 5 16 34 33 12

31 Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in January 2014 Despite High Levels of Public Confidence, Scientists are Invisible in Our Society… Can Americans Name a Living Scientist? Most Americans Can’t Name a Living Scientist

Please name a living scientist.

Stephen Hawking 43% Neil Degrasse Tyson 6% 70% 30% Bill Nye 5% Jane Goodall 5% James Watson 3% Richard Dawkins 2% Michio Kaku 2% Mehmet Oz 1% I can Other 33%

I cannot

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics, with support from the American Society of Hematology, in November 2013. Do Americans Know Where Research is Conducted? Most Americans Don’t Know Where Research is Conducted

Please name any institution, company or organization where medical or health research is conducted.

Mayo Clinic 14% Johns Hopkins 14% 56% CDC 8% 44% NIH 6% Pfizer 4% Cleveland Clinic 3% St. Jude’s 2% American Cancer Soc. 2% I can Harvard University 2% Duke University 1% Eli Lilly 1% I cannot Other 43%

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics, with support from the American Society of Hematology, in November 2013. Do Americans Know Research is Conducted in all 50 states? Only 1 in 4 Know Research is Conducted Nationwide

To the best of your knowledge, would you say that medical research in the U.S. is conducted in all 50 states?

Source: A Research!America poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in January 2015. Important for Scientists to Engage with Public on Research

How important is it for scientists to inform elected officials and the public about their research and its impact on society?

10% 2% 5%

Very Important Somewhat Important Not Very Important 51% Not Important At All 33% Not Sure

Source: A Research!America and ScienceDebate.org poll of U.S. adults conducted in partnership with Zogby Analytics in September 2015.

What do scientists, elected officials, and journalists have in common? Serving the Public’s Interest Tools You Can Use Return on Investment

• Initial $4 billion HGP investment led to economic impact of $796 billion, created 310,000 jobs

• The resulting industry generated $6 billion in federal, state and local taxes in 2010

Sources: “Economic Impact of the Human Genome Project,” Battelle Research Fuels the Economy

• NIH employs 1 million U.S. citizens, generates $84 billion in wages and salaries

• The federal investment of $3.8 billion in the Human Genome Project helped drive more than $790 billion in economic output

• Life sciences industry supports more than 7 million jobs and contributes $69 billion annual to GDP

• Bureau of Economic Analysis reclassified R&D costs from an "expense" to an "investment" when calculating GDP

• Learn and use similar economic stats from your community

Sources: ITIF, Research!America Research Drives the Economy: Local Examples

• 1 out of every 40 jobs in Georgia is tied to the bioscience industry.

• Emory University research has helped create nearly 60 start up companies.

• 28 Georgia businesses received $15 million in NIH funding in FY12 for R&D of technologies with potential commercial applications. Relatable Communications AKA Social Math

• In 2015, Americans spent $14.3 billion on Super Bowl-related purchases.

• That amount is enough to fund the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) for 6 years.

Sources: NRF; NIH Aspirational Communications

THEN… In 1975, just over 50% of children diagnosed with cancer survived the disease.

NOW… Due largely to advances in treatment of the most common forms of childhood cancer, more than 80% of children survive cancer. Still, the death rates are high from several forms of cancer and it remains the leading cause of disease-related death in children.

IMAGINE… If cancer no longer robbed any child of their future.

Research is the future! Why is This So Hard to Say?

“I admire and love my brother [Paul Greengard], but he lives on a higher plane, and what he does is secret, unrevealable. To me, anyway … “Every time he took a new job — whether at Albert Einstein College of Medicine or Yale — I’d ask him about it. Then he’d get into electro-physiological properties, and it was all over … “Now, he has won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, an honor he shares with two other scientists. In reporting it, the newspapers said their work on the way brain cells communicate might one day help cure diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. “I’m thrilled he won. Now I know what he does.” — Chris Chase in a New York Times opinion piece on October 15, 2000 “If you think research is expensive, try disease.”

Mary Lasker 1900-1994 Why Aren’t More Scientists Engaged in Public Outreach?

• Don’t have time

• Aren’t being asked

• Don’t know how

• “Involvement makes no difference”

• Apathy/don’t want to

• Lack of incentives

• “Non-scientists won’t understand”

• Liability/fear of being misinterpreted

• Happy with the job others are doing

Rank order of responses based on formal and informal polling of scientists Tell Your Story, Not Your Data! What Can You Do?

• Empower young scientists

• Value public engagement and advocacy in your department and institution

• Recognize and empower colleagues who advocate

• Model engagement in advocacy yourself

Research!America provides training sessions and other ways to help What Can You Do?

• Conduct monthly brown-bags for non-scientists in your department • Use interview format, not Powerpoints • Ask your non-scientist colleagues for advice

Flickr photo by gsalokhe What Can You Do?

• Invite a journalist to talk about how science news is covered by media • Work with your institution’s media relations office • Ask journalists for their advice on talking to media • Build relationships! Understanding the Media World

“You need to make me care and understand it, in such a way that I can explain it in 35 seconds. “And please remember that I struggled with high school chemistry.”

— Peter Haskell, general assignment reporter, WCBS-FM, New York at the UMDNJ Media Science Forum What Can You Do?

• Invite leaders of local patient advocacy organizations to talk to you and your colleagues

• Ask how you can help them

• Build relationships; go together to meet with Members of Congress

Flickr photo by marknewell What Can You Do?

• Get to know small business people in your community — vendors to your lab

• Enlist them as advocates — if you are better funded, they win in several ways “Everybody in the science and technology community who cares about the future of the world should be tithing 10% of his or her time to interacting with the public in the policy process.”

-- 2007 AAAS Presidential Address

John P. Holdren, PhD President Obama’s Science Adviser Put a Face on Research: YOURS! The most important four words a researcher can say and convey are … “I work for you.” Connect With Us www.researchamerica.org/blog www.researchamerica.org/facebook www.twitter.com/researchamerica www.youtube.com/researchamerica