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Institut Kurde De Paris N INSTITUT DE PARIS Bulletin de liaison et d'information N'352 JUIIIET 2OT4 ln publication d,e ce Bull,etin bdnfficie de subaentions d,u Ministère français dns Affaires etrangères (DCCID) et d,u Fonds d,'øctíon et d,e soutien pour l'intdgration et la lutte contre les discritninations (FASILD) Ce bulletin paralt en français et anglais Prix au numéro : France: 6 € Etranger : 7,5 € Abonnement (I2 numéros) France- : 60 c Etranger : 75 € annuel - Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 13 A.S. ISBN 076I 1285 INSTITUT KURDE,106, rue La Fayette - 750f0 PARIS Té1. : 0l- 4824 & & - Fax: 0l- 48 24 & 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: [email protected] Bulletin de liaison et d'information de l'Institut kurde de Paris N" 352 iuillet 2014 . KURDISTAN: VERS UN RÉFÉRENDUM D'AUTO. pÉTnnUINATION . IRAK: LE KURDE FOUAD MASSOUM ÉLU PRÉSIDENT DE LA RÉPUBIIQUE . MOSSOUL: UNE ÉPUNNTION RELIGIEUSE ET CULTURELLE AU NOM DU DIIHAD . SYRIE: LE PYD APPELTE À UNE MOBILISATION cÉuÉnarn . ARCHÉoLoGIE: RnpÉcouvERTE DE L'ANTIeUE CITÉ DE MUSASIR ? KURDISTAN: VERS UN RÉFÉRENDUM D'AUTO.PÉTENUINATION éparé depuis presque un population du Kurdistan d'Irak quelques mois avant la chute de mois de I'Irak dont il se se prononcerait sur sa volonté Mossoul, des dangers que fai- trouve coupé pat d'indépendance. Massoud saient courir à l'Irak les menées t'État islamique, le Barzani a aussi demandé aux de l'État islamique et que le S Kurdistan tente d'assu- parlementaires de choisir une Premier Ministre irakien lui avait rer son émancipation écono- date pour le scrutin. assuré contrôler la situatior¡ en mique, de contenir les assauts lui conseillant de ( s'occuper d'EI à Ninive et Kirkouk et de Auparavant le président kurde a plutôt des affaires du s'organiser politiquement en vue exposé devant les députés le Kurdistan ". Il est aussi revenu de sa future indépendance. résumé des événements qui se sur tous les griefs que son gou- sont bousculés après la prise de vernement a envers Bagdad, Le 3 juillet le président Massoud Mossoul par l'EI : il ainsi relaté notamment le gel du budget des Barzani a demandé au parlement les différents échanges qu'il avait salaires des fonctionnaires kurde de préparer un projet de eu avec Bagdad auparavant, kurdes. loi et de former une commission répétant ce qu'il avait dit à la électorale indépendante en vue presse étrangère, à savoir que le Au sujet d'une possible indépen- d'un référendum par lequel la GRK avait averti Nouri Maliki, dance, Massoud Barzani a assuré . 2. llttllttitt ,lc littist¡tt tt 15] . jLr 'l'ittÍì¡rntttfit¡n rì" illet 1().1-l qu'elle bénéficiait d'un certain niers à souhaiter voter pour leur maintenant séparé physique- soutien international et que auto-détermination. Il appelle ment du reste de l'Irak par un EI ( ceux qui ne nous soutiennent aussi à un << nouvel Irak o, avec avec qui il partage plus de mille pas ne s'opposent pas à nous ). Il une <( nouvelle administration > kilomètres de frontière. Mais au a également réaffirmé que les et une ( vision nouvelle > pour sujet d'une coopération militaire territoires cités dans l'article 140 gérer le pays dans le futur. éventuelle de l'armée kurde avec de la constitution irakienne, et les États-Unis, l'Irak, voire notamment Kirkouk, maintenant Quelques jours auparavant, au d'autres forces régionales pour défendus par les seuls moment où Massoud Barzani chasser EI, Massoud Barzani Peshmergas après la fuite de demandait aux parlementaires répond que le problème est l'armée irakienne, resteraient de préparer une loi sur un réfé- < politique par excellence )), et dans la Région kurde. rendum, son chef de cabinet, que d'une résolution politique Fouad Hussein était aux États- de la crise irakienne dépend le Le 9 juillet, Massoud Barzani Unis avec Falah Moustafa succès militaire des actions recevait dans sa résidence de Bakir,le ministre kurde des contre EI, et notamment la réso- Salahaddin les consuls étrangers Affaires étrangères, pour expli- lution du conflit entre chiites et et les représentants d'ONG inter- quer et défendre la position sunnites irakiens : < Il faudrait nationales pour revenir sur les kurde. Fouad Hussein avait ainsi songer sérieusement à résoudre dernières évolutions de la situa- expliqué à la presse qu'une pacifiquement la question des tion sécuritaire et politique au confédération avec un Irak paci- droits légitimes des sunnites Kurdistan et en Irak et les a aver- fié, démocratique et ayant réglé dans cette région et isoler ainsi tis que les puissances étrangères ses conflits internes était envisa- les terroristes de ceux qui ne devaient pas rester inactives geable. La confédération nécessi- demandent leurs droits légi- devant l'État islamique (EI) et la tant l'indépendance et la souve- times. C'est alors que les sun- menace qu'il représente < pour raineté des États-parties, le réfé- nites parviendront à chasser les l'ensemble de la région au rendum pour l'indépendance terroristes de leurs régions et Moyen Orient > et qu'une était ainsi présenté comme un nous les y aideront certaine- ( coopération internationale o premier pas vers un ( nouvel ment. >> devait se mettre en place. Irak r. Reste à savoir si la prési- dence kurde croit elle-même à Le président kurde confirme Le président kurde est revenu un développement positif dans qu'un autre référendum sera pro- sur la " politique de division un futur proche concernant posé aux habitants des régions dangereuse ) menée par Nouri l'Irak... rattachées pour leur demander Maliki et que son maintien au leur avis, tel que le prévoyait pouvoir pourrait entraîner la Interviewé pour Al-Monitor par l'arlicle 140 et leur permettre ainsi < destruction complète du Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, un analys- de choisir " leur identité ". pays >. Il a redit que les te irakien spécialisé dans les Peshmergas et autres forces de questions politiques et des droits Le 24 juillet,le Parlement kurde sécurité kurdes déployés dans de l'homme, Massoud Barzani d'Erbil a approuvé une loi déci- les régions de Ninive, Kirkouk et confirme son refus de participer dant la formation d'une commis- dans la Diyala protégeaient les à un troisième < cabinet Maliki " sion électorale indépendante. populations des groupes terro- au cas où ce dernier parviendrait Cette commission est autorisée à ristes et ne se retireraient pas à se faire reconduire dans ses tenir des élections, des referenda mais que les populations y fonctions : ,, Le problème avec et à fixer les dates de scrutin, vivant décideraient de leur des- M. Maliki n'est pas personnel, sans avoir à en référer à Bagdad tin par référendum, celui prévu mais plutôt conceptuel et relié à et à la Haute Commission électo- par I'article 140 de la ce qui forme le cæur de la philo- rale irakienne. Constitution irakienne. sophie et de la culture de l'admi- nistration publique qui a en char- Autre pas vers une émancipa- Enfin, le 11, Massoud Barzani ge les intérêts irakiens. o tion, il est fait référence, dans le s'est adressé à l'ensemble du texte, au < Kurdistan > et non peuple irakien, dans une lettre Interrogé sur le référendum pro- plus à la Région du Kurdistan, ouverte, où, tenant à peu près les mis aux Kurdes, Massoud nom porté par la région fédérale mêmes propos/ il rappelle Barzati rappelle que la chute de dans la constitution irakienne. l'ensemble des conflits opposant Mossoul et des régions sunnites Cette loi s'applique ainsi aussi les Kurdes au gouvernement a entraîné une situation nouvelle bien aux trois provinces de central, et ayant amené ces der- pour le Kurdistan, qui se trouve Duhok, Erbil, Suleïmanieh qu'à rì" 352 . jrr illet 2()'l -l Httll.'titt,lt' littttott,'t,l'ittiorttt¡fiott . I . Kirkouk et aux autres territoires Sahban, s'exprimant au nom de pas empêché les exportations kurdes mentionnés dans l'article la Commission parlementaire kurdes de se dérouler comme 140. des ressources naturelles : " Si prévu et le 17 juin, un autre Bagdad n'envoie pas les 17% de pétrolier avait quitté Ceyhan La loi demande au GRK de for- son budget total à la Région du chargé du pétrole de la Région mer cette commission dans les 90 Kurdistan, ils n'obtiendront pas kurde (le premier était parti le 2 jours à compter du vote d'appro- un penny de notre part, seuls 5/o mai). bation. La commission sera for- iront au Koweït à titre de com- mée de 9 représentants des diffé- pensation " [l'Irak doit dédom- Le 7 juillet, Ashti Hawrami, le rents partis politique du mager le Koweit des dégâts cau- ministre kurde des Ressources Kurdistary plus 2 sièges réservés sés par l'invasion de1991en pré- naturelles s'exprimait au aux minorités. levant un pourcentage de ses Parlement pour rendre compte revenus pétroliers]. de la crise provoquée par le front Les réactions à cette annonce entre l'armée irakienne et l'EI, vont d'une forte opposition Selon Sadiq Aytekir¡ conseiller- qui a privé le Kurdistan de (l'Iran et Bagdad), à une désap- adjoint au ministère turc de l'accès à la raffinerie de Baidji et probation contenue mais sans l'Énergie, 1. 480 000 barils de a provoqué une pénurie générale réelle menace (USA) et une neu- pétrole kurde ont été exportés de carburant dans le pays. Ashti tralité affichée de la Turquie, sur les marchés mondiaux via le Hawrami a rappelé qu'avant les entre le < ni pour ni contre, bien port de Ceyhan, avec un prix de événements, la Région du au contraire ) qui, dans les faits, 110 $ le baril.
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