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Ministerio Del Ambiente “Año del Diálogo y la Reconciliación Nacional” MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN GLACIARES Y ECOSISTEMAS DE MONTAÑA – INAIGEM DIRECCIÓN DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN GLACIARES SUBDIRECCIÓN DE RIESGOS ASOCIADOS A GLACIARES INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DEL MAPA DE PELIGROS, REDUCCIÓN DEL RIESGO Y LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN AMBIENTES DE SUBCUENCAS GLACIARES DEL PERÚ. SUBCUENCA DEL RÍO COLCAS-SANTA CRUZ, HUAYLAS, ANCASH. Huaraz, Abril 2018 “Año del Diálogo y la Reconciliación Nacional” CONTENIDO RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ................................................................................................................. 8 1. GENERALIDADES ................................................................................................................ 8 1.1. Introducción .............................................................................................................. 8 1.2. Antecedentes ............................................................................................................ 8 1.3. Ubicación ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1. Geográfica ......................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Política ............................................................................................................. 10 1.3.3. Hidrográfica ..................................................................................................... 11 1.4. Accesibilidad ............................................................................................................ 12 1.5. Objetivos ................................................................................................................. 13 1.5.1. Generales ........................................................................................................ 13 1.5.2. Específicos ....................................................................................................... 13 1.6. Justificación ............................................................................................................. 13 1.7. Metodología ............................................................................................................ 13 1.7.1. Fase I - Pre Campo ............................................................................................... 14 1.7.1.1. Definición del Objetivo y Alcance del Estudio ................................................. 14 1.7.1.2. Recopilación y Análisis de la Información Existente ....................................... 15 1.7.1.3. Elaboración del Plan de Trabajo ...................................................................... 15 1.7.2. Fase II - Campo .................................................................................................... 15 1.7.2.1. Recolección de información In situ ................................................................. 15 1.7.3. Fase III – Gabinete ............................................................................................... 16 1.7.3.1. Sistematización, Análisis y Evaluación ............................................................ 16 1.7.4. Fase IV – Informe Final ........................................................................................ 18 2. ASPECTOS GEOLÓGICOS .................................................................................................. 19 2.1. Introducción ............................................................................................................ 19 2.2. Geología Regional .................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1. Unidades Geológicas ....................................................................................... 23 2.2.1.1. Formación Chicama (Js-ch) .......................................................................... 23 2.2.1.2. Formación Yungay (Nmp-yu) ....................................................................... 26 2.2.1.3. Batolito de la Cordillera Blanca ................................................................... 30 2.2.1.1 Grupo Calipuy (PN_vca) ............................................................................... 36 2.2.1.4. Depósitos Cuaternarios ............................................................................... 36 2.2.1.4.1. Depósitos Glaciáricos (Q-gl) ........................................................................ 36 2.2.1.4.2. Depósitos Lacustrinos (Q-la) ....................................................................... 39 2.2.1.4.3. Depósitos Fluvioglaciares (Q-fg) ................................................................. 40 1 “Año del Diálogo y la Reconciliación Nacional” 2.2.1.4.4. Depósitos Fluviales (Q-fl) ............................................................................ 41 2.2.1.4.5. Depósitos Coluviales (Q-co) ........................................................................ 43 2.2.1.4.6. Depósitos Aluvionales (Q-alv) ..................................................................... 45 2.3. Geología Histórica ................................................................................................... 46 2.3.1. Evolución Paleogeográfica .............................................................................. 46 2.3.1.1. Jurásico Superior (Fase Nevadiana)............................................................. 46 2.3.1.2. Mioceno–Plioceno (Fase Quechua) ............................................................. 46 2.3.1.3. Holoceno (Cuaternario Reciente) ................................................................ 46 2.3.1.4. Glaciaciones ................................................................................................. 47 Primera Etapa: .......................................................................................................................... 48 Segunda Etapa (Jurásico inferior): ............................................................................................ 48 Tercera Etapa (Jurásico Medio): ............................................................................................... 49 Cuarta Etapa (Jurásico Superior-Fase Nevadiana): ................................................................... 50 Quinta Etapa: ............................................................................................................................ 51 Sexta Etapa ............................................................................................................................... 51 Séptima Etapa: .......................................................................................................................... 52 Octava Etapa: ............................................................................................................................ 52 2.4. Geodinámica Interna ............................................................................................... 53 2.4.1. Tectónica ......................................................................................................... 53 2.4.1.1. Geología Estructural .................................................................................... 53 2.4.1.2. Zonificación Estructural ............................................................................... 54 2.4.1.3. Neotectónica ............................................................................................... 54 2.4.1.3.1. Sismología ................................................................................................... 55 2.5. Hidrología ................................................................................................................ 57 3. ASPECTOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS ..................................................................................... 58 3.1. Introducción ............................................................................................................ 58 3.2. Geomorfología Regional .......................................................................................... 58 3.2.1. Relieve Montañoso ............................................................................................. 58 3.2.2. Relieve Colinoso .................................................................................................. 59 3.3. Geomorfogénesis de la subcuenca ......................................................................... 59 3.4. Unidades geomorfológicas ...................................................................................... 60 3.5. Zonificación de Pendientes ..................................................................................... 68 3.6. Zonificación Altitudinal (Planimétrico) .................................................................... 72 3.7. Geodinámica Externa .............................................................................................. 75 3.7.1. Principales Procesos Geodinámicos ................................................................ 75 3.7.1.1. Derrumbes ................................................................................................. 75 3.7.1.2. Caída de rocas y detritos ............................................................................ 75 3.7.1.3. Flujo de lodos y detritos ............................................................................. 76 2 “Año del Diálogo y la Reconciliación Nacional” 3.7.1.4. Avalanchas de hielo ..................................................................................
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