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Weekly Epidemiological Record Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire 2021, 96, 173–196 No 21 Weekly epidemiological record Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire 28 MAY 2021, 96th YEAR / 28 MAI 2021, 96e ANNÉE No 21, 2021, 96, 173–196 http://www.who.int/wer Contents Dracunculiasis eradication: Éradication de la dracunculose: 173 Dracunculiasis eradication: global surveillance bilan de la surveillance global surveillance summary, 2020 summary, 2020 mondiale, 2020 194 Monthly report on In accordance with the recommendations Conformément aux recommandations de la dracunculiasis cases, January-March 2021 of the International Commission for the Commission internationale pour la certifica- Certification of Dracunculiasis Eradica- tion de l’éradication de la dracunculose 196 Elimination of Human African tion (ICCDE), WHO has certified 199 coun- (CICED), l’OMS a certifié à ce jour 199 pays, Trypanosomiasis as public health problem tries, areas and territories (including territoires et zones (dont 187 États Membres 187 WHO Member States) as free of trans- de l’OMS) comme étant exempts de transmis- mission of dracunculiasis (Guinea-worm sion de la dracunculose (maladie du ver de Sommaire [GW] disease). Seven countries remain to Guinée). Sept pays n’ont pas encore obtenu 173 Éradication de la be certified: Angola, Chad, Democratic cette certification: l’Angola, l’Éthiopie, le Mali, dracunculose: bilan de la Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, la République démocratique du Congo (RDC), surveillance mondiale, 2020 Mali, South Sudan and Sudan. le Soudan, le Soudan du Sud et le Tchad. 194 Rapport mensuel des cas de In 2020, 6 countries reported a total of En 2020, 6 pays ont notifié au total 27 cas dracunculose, janvier- mars 2021 27 human cases of dracunculiasis, namely, humains de dracunculose, répartis dans Angola (1 case), Cameroon (1 case) Chad 19 villages: l’Angola (1 cas), le Cameroun 196 Élimination de la trypanosomiase humaine (12 cases), Ethiopia (11), Mali (1) and (1 cas), l’Éthiopie (11 cas), le Mali (1 cas), le africaine comme problème South Sudan (1 case), in a total of Soudan du Sud (1 cas) et le Tchad (12 cas). Le de santé publique 19 villages. The case reported in Camer- cas signalé par le Cameroun en 2020 a pour oon in 2020 is a continuation of the cross- origine une transmission frontalière avec le border transmission pattern with Chad. Tchad. L’Éthiopie a notifié 11 cas humain en Ethiopia reported 11 human cases in 2020 2020 après 2 années sans aucun cas, et le Mali, after 2 years of reporting 0 cases, and Mali où aucun cas n’avait été signalé depuis 2016, reported 1 case after reporting 0 cases a enregistré un cas en 2020 (Figure 1, since 2016 (Figure 1, Table 1a, Table 1b, Tableau 1a, Tableau 1b, Tableau 2 et Carte 1). Table 2 and Map 1). Insecurity and inaccessibility due to L’insécurité et l’inaccessibilité dues aux conflits conflicts continue to hinder eradication compromettent encore les efforts d’éradica- efforts in certain areas of DRC, Mali, South tion dans certaines zones du Mali, du Soudan Sudan and Sudan and in certified coun- et du Soudan du Sud, ainsi que dans certains tries such as the Central African Republic pays déjà certifiés comme la République (CAR). In Mali, security concerns in the centrafricaine. Au Mali, les organismes d’aide regions of Gao, Kidal, Mopti and Ségou humanitaire des Nations Unies continuent de remain a challenge to effective programme faciliter la mise en œuvre d’une surveillance implementation. Intermittent surveillance intermittente; toutefois, les problèmes de sécu- is supported by United Nations humani- rité dans les régions de Gao, Kidal, Mopti et tarian assistance. In South Sudan, insecu- Ségou entravent encore la bonne exécution du rity due to conflict, civil unrest, including programme. Outre l’insécurité imputable aux cattle raids, and massive population conflits, les troubles civils, comme les vols de displacement continue to hamper bétail, et les déplacements massifs de popula- programme implementation and restrict tions en provenance et à destination du access to endemic and formerly endemic Soudan du Sud freinent encore la mise en areas. Security concerns also undermine œuvre du programme et limitent l’accès à cross-border surveillance and coordina- certaines zones d’endémie actuelles ou passées. tion. Les problèmes de sécurité minent également les efforts de surveillance et de coordination aux frontières. 173 Figure 1 Annual number of reported dracunculiasis human cases and localities/villages of human case detection, worldwide, 1989–2020 Figure 1 Nombre annuel de cas humains de dracunculose notifiés et de localités/villages ayant notifié des cas humains dans le monde, 1989-2020 9522 9702 7540 1 000 000 6892 6373 No. of cases – Nbre 10 000 5339 5199 4102 de cas 892 055 3622 900 000 2500 No. of villages 2119 reporting human cases 1463 800 000 1129 – Nbre de villages ayant signalé des cas 773 1000 humains 700 000 482 623 579 272 600 000 Nombre de localités/villages 543 585 103 Nombre de cas humains 500 000 100 54 400 000 374 202 28 22 20 19 20 19 300 000 (à l’échelle logarithmique) 229 773 10 200 000 164 977 152 814 129 852 Number of human cases – 96 293 78 557 100 000 77 863 75 223 54 638 63 718 25 217 32 193 10 674 9585 3190 1058 542 148126 22 25 30 28 54 27 16 026 4619 1797 0 1 Number of localities/villages (log scale) – 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Year – Année Table 1a Number of human cases of dracunculiasis reported by month of first worm emergence, 2020 Tableau 1a Nombre de cas de dracunculose humaine notifiés par mois de sortie du premier ver, 2020 Jan. – Feb. – March – April – May – June – July – August Sept. – Oct. – Nov. – Dec. – Country – Pays Total Jan. Fév. Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet – Août Sept. Oct. Nov. Déc. Angola 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Chad – Tchad 1 1 3 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 12 Cameroon – Cameroun 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ethiopia – Éthiopie 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 11 Mali 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 South Sudan – Soudan du Sud 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 1 2 5 9 2 0 2 3 1 2 0 0 27 Note: the month of first worm emergence may differ from the month when the case was reported. –Le mois de la première sortie du ver peut différer du mois au cours duquel le cas a été signalé. Table 1b Number of worms in humans by month of emergence, 2020 Tableau 1b Nombre de vers par mois de sortie, 2020 Jan. – Feb. – March – April – May – June – July – August Sep. – Oct. – Nov. – Dec. – Country – Pays Total Jan. Fév. Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet – Août Sept. Oct. Nov. Déc. Angola 1 1 Chad – Tchad 1 1 4 5 3 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 19 Cameroon – Cameroun 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ethiopia – Éthiopie 0 0 0 11 3 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 19 Mali 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 South Sudan – Soudan du Sud 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 1 2 6 16 6 0 2 5 2 2 0 0 42 174 WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, NO 21, 28 MAY 2021 Table 2 Number of reported human cases of dracunculiasis and number of localities (villages) reporting indigenous or imported cases, by country, 2020 Tableau 2 Nombre de cas de dracunculose humaine notifiés et nombre de localités ayant notifié des cas autochtones ou importés, par pays, 2020 No. of imported cases No. of localities/ Localities/villages Localities which reported in localities No. of indigenous villages that that reported reported imported that reported only cases reported – reported cases – indigenous cases cases only – imported cases – Nbre Country – Pays Nbre de cas Nbre de localités – Localités ayant Localités ayant de cas importés notifiés autochtones ayant notifié notifié des cas notifié uniquement dans les localités ayant notifiés des cas autochtones des cas importés notifié uniquement des cas importés Angola 1 1 1 0 0 Chad – Tchad 10 7 8 2 2 Cameroon – Cameroun 1 0 0 1 1 Ethiopia – Éthiopie 5 4 4 1 1 Mali 1 1 1 0 0 South Sudan – Soudan du Sud 1 1 1 0 0 Total 19 14 15 4 4 Alternative means of surveillance for dracunculiasis D’autres moyens de surveillance de la dracunculose sont continue to be used in the areas concerned, including employés dans les zones concernées, passant notamment par involvement of and ownership by local communities as une collaboration avec les communautés et les organisations well as working with nongovernmental organizations. non gouvernementales locales. Dracunculus medinensis infection of domestic dogs L’infection des chiens domestiques par Dracunculus medinensis remains a challenge to global eradication in Chad, demeure un obstacle à l’éradication mondiale, en particulier en Ethiopia and Mali. In 2020, however, significant advances Éthiopie, au Mali et au Tchad. En 2020, des progrès considé- were made in terms of interventions and operational rables ont toutefois été accomplis dans la conduite simultanée research, the full results of which remain to be seen. d’interventions et d’études de recherche opérationnelle pour In 2020, 1508 dogs in Chad, 3 dogs in Ethiopia and remédier à la situation, dont les résultats ne sont pas encore 9 dogs in Mali were reported to be infected with GW entièrement visibles en 2021.
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