Imni ANNUAL REVIEW 2019

IMnI ANNUAL REVIEW 2019

International Manganese Institute TABLE OF CONTENTS

The International Manganese Institute (IMnI) 4. Message from the Chairman is a not-for-profit industry association that represents manganese ore and alloy 6. Message from the Executive Director producers, manufacturers of metallurgical products or chemical compounds, trading 8. IMnI in 2019 houses, industry service providers, companies involved in Mn business development, 12. Manganese in 2019 universities and research organizations around the world. 14. IMnI Market Research

Founded in 1975, with headquarters in 15. Message from the Statistics Committee Chairman Paris, France, IMnI’s mission is to provide vision and guidance to the Mn 17. Manganese Market Overview industry by promoting economic, social and environmental responsibility and 24. HSE Committee sustainability to all stakeholders. 25. Message from the HSE Committee Chairman 26. 2019 Regulatory Highlights INTERNATIONAL 28. Update on HSE special projects 2019 MANGANESE INSTITUTE 30. Electrolytic Products Division (EPD) 31. The IMnI Electrolytic Products Division (EPD) 56 rue de Londres 75008 Paris, France 32. Update on the China Committee Tel: +33 (0)1 45 63 06 34 33. Annual Conference 2019 Vienna Fax: +33 (0)1 42 89 42 92 34. Companies which attented in 2019 37. Annual Conference 2020 38. IMnI Committees 40. IMnI Officers [email protected] 41. IMnI Members www.manganese.org 43. Contact us

2 3 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN

“Demand for Manganese continued rising in 2019, but the industry is highly dependent on China”

Esteban Rivero (Corporate Vice President of Autlán) was elected as IMnI Chairman in June 2018, succeeding to Pedro Larrea (Ferroglobe).

2019 will be remembered in the annals on China’s demand and -as in the steel of the IMnI as a major milestone. It was a sector- oversupply remains an issue for dynamic year filled with activities focused the manganese industry. These are big on delivering the high-quality services targets that marked our sector and IMnI that our members have come to expect. members are committed to reduce over- From consolidating its presence around capacity. the world and improving communication between members, to launching a re- Considering the activities of the IMnI, I vamped website, the Institute continues am pleased to report that the Institute to expand and evolve with the needs of probably had its most successful year in IMnI’s 46th Annual Conference, sche- I will conclude my term as Chairman in the industry. 2019. The Institute faces a strong position duled from June 2 to 4 2020, will gather Cape Town. May I take this opportunity with eleven additional members and so- the global manganese community in to thank all our members and IMnI staff When I look and try to analyse the man- lid finances that allowed us to grow at a Cape Town, South Africa, on the theme for their support over the past two years. ganese market in 2019 I find a set of significant measure. “South Africa at crossroads: diversified I feel optimistic about the future since the complex issues interacting in the sphere Manganese producer, or China’s mi- Institute has become the lifeblood of the of China’s outlook. On the demand side, IMnI’s Annual Conference has emerged ner?” Registration has started (to regis- manganese industry and is well prepared global steel production continued to as the Mn Ore and Mn Ferroalloy indus- ter please click here), so do not miss this to face the challenges that lie ahead. grow strongly in 2019; however, the tries’ premier event, each occurrence at- opportunity to learn from industry ex- vast majority of this growth occurred tracting an increasingly larger audience. perts, connect with the Mn community Gracias! essentially in China. The rest of the wor- The 2019 edition held in Vienna was the and visit six manganese mines (South32’s ld’s steel production stagnated (North most popular conference to date, with Mamatwan, UMK, Kudumane, Tshipi, Ass- America and CIS) or contracted (Eu- participation hitting 204 attendees, who mang’s Gloria & Assmang’s Nchwaning), rope, South America, Africa and Ocea- learnt from manganese experts and vi- Esteban RIVERO a Mn alloy smelter (Transalloys), a Mn nia). As a key strengthening ingredient sited Eramet and Ferroglobe Manganese IMnI Chairman metal producer (Manganese Metal Com- manganese alloy and ore consumption alloy plants in Dunkirk as well as OFZ’s pany, MMC) and Transnet’s Mn terminal continued strong. Nevertheless, the Man- plant in Slovakia. at Port Elizabeth and Coega. ganese sector is now highly dependent 4 5 MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

“IMnI continued its development in 2019”

The IMnI services were beefed up effects of Manganese on humans and in 2019, with new scientific studies the environment. And in September, conducted and new market research IMnI organised a Health, Safety & reports published. Communication was Environment (HSE) and Technical also improved with IMnI Members and Workshop in Ningxia province, China, the general public, with a new website hosted by IMnI Member Ningxia and a new extranet developed. And 11 Shengyan, offering the opportunity to new Members joined the Institute in over 60 delegates from 11 countries 2019. to exchange about reduction of dust emission and energy consumption, IMnI now represents 82 Members – a personal protection equipment part of its mission to keep its Members As for 2020, the IMnI is working on several record high since 2012 – including 21 (PPE) and furnace optimisation. The updated on new projects and new Mn new projects, new events in South Africa, Chinese companies. IMnI Members program included the visit of two local applications, IMnI published in 2019 China and India, to continue improving are major Manganese producers and Manganese plants: Ningxia Shenyan a new report on Manganese sulphate the value-proposition to IMnI Members, industry service providers, committed to (Mn alloy smelter) and Ningxia Tianyuan producers in China, and new production in terms of networking and events, develop their industry and promote the Manganese (TMI), the world’s biggest figures of electrolytic manganese dioxide market research, regulatory support and benefits of Manganese, while remaining Manganese metal producer. In view of (EMD). Both Manganese sulphate and health, safety & environment (HSE). proactive on compliance. Thanks to the success of this event, another HSE & Manganese dioxide can be used to the active and dedicated engagement Technical Workshop is planned for 2020 manufacture lithium-ion batteries. Aloys d’HARAMBURE of its four Committees - HSE, Statistics, in Asia. IMnI Executive Director EPD and China - as well as the valuable A new showroom website was built in involvement of its staff, IMnI continues IMnI Members benefit from the best 2019, to better inform the public about to be the global voice of the Manganese market research available globally, the IMnI services, and to spread fair and industry. collected directly from Manganese accurate messages on Manganese. A producers all over the world, and new extranet was also developed for IMnI In 2019, IMnI commissioned several new aggregated by the IMnI staff to ensure Members to provide easier and more scientific studies to fully understand the confidentiality of individual data. As efficient access to IMnI publications and services.

6 7 IMnI’s 45th Annual Conference takes place in Vienna.

IMnI in 2019 tor Aloys d’Harambure, features James rals Group Co. Ltd. joined as Ordinary Divisions of Eramet, Kevin Fowkes, Ma- Choi, CEO & Chairman of Simpac, Jian Members while Shanghai Qunxian In- naging Consultant for AlloyConsults, Zhou, Chairman of Guangxi Guikang ternational Trade Co., Ltd. and Sinosteel Jack Bedder, Director at Roskill, Dr. Ulrike January – March New Materials, Lei Fei, General Mana- Resources Co., Ltd. joined as Affiliate Dydak, Professor of Health Sciences at ger, Carbon Steel Alloys Department Members. Purdue University and Brandon Cline, • IMnI hosts its 16th EPD (Electroly- of China Minmetals Corporation and IMnI HSE & Regulatory Affairs Manager. tic Products Division) Conference in Edward Li, Deputy General Manager April – June This year’s conference is attended by Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China, on of Qunxian. a record of 200+ participants. Techni- Thursday, March 7th, with its 3 Chinese • IMnI’s 45th Annual Conference takes cal Tours to 3 manganese alloys plants industry organizations partners and the • IMnI’s 12th Annual China Banquet place in Vienna. Structured around the (Eramet and Ferroglobe in France and help of CITIC Dameng. The scope is ex- attracts over 70 representatives from theme “Rethinking Manganese in Chan- OFZ in Slovakia) is a success with 60 de- panded to include Mn chemicals other Chinese Mn companies to meet Wes- ging Times: New Directions for Europe”, legates who participate to the visits. Ge- than electrolytic (Mn sulphate, triman- tern producers in Hong Kong. This main speakers include: Robert Ward, nerous sponsors include Asia Minerals, ganese tetraoxide etc.), due to growing yearly event aims to improve ties Editorial Director of the Economist Intel- Assore, Autlán, Eramet, OFZ, South32 importance of Li-ion battery segment between Members and allows IMnI to ligence Unit; Sebastien Leger, Partner of and United Manganese of Kalahari. in the overall Mn market. The event is a send a special message to the Chinese McKinsey & Company Inc. France, Denny major success once again, as it remains companies. This edition is hosted Sabah, Business Development for Clark- • Tata Steel Limited joined as Ordinary the premier global Mn Metal and Mn jointly by Asia Minerals/Kudumane, sons Platou, Anthony de Carvalho, Senior Member and Guangxi Hourong Trading Dioxide Conference. The Conference is Assmang, Autlán, Eramet Comilog Economist of the OECD, Dennis Alvaren- Company as Affiliate Member. followed by a technical visit to two EMM Manganese, Glencore International ga, Head of Global and European Procu- plants: Hunan Orient Mining Company AG, Ntsimbintle Mining, OM Holdings, rement Strategy, Digital Transformation and Wuling Manganese plants. South32, Tshipi é Ntle and United for ArcelorMittal, Aloys d’Harambure, Manganese of Kalahari. IMnI Executive Director, Kevin Fowkes, • IMnI is again well represented at the Managing Consultant for AlloyConsults, Metal Bulletin’s 20th Asian Ferro-alloys • Linze Hongxin Mineral Industry Pedro Larrea, CEO of Ferroglobe, Paul Conference, held in Hong Kong. The Mn Company, Ningxia Jiyuan Metallur- Desportes, Senior Vice-President Com- session, moderated by Executive Direc- gical Group Co. Ltd. and Bosai Mine- mercial Nickel and Manganese Mining

8 9 July – September October – December

• IMnI partners with IFAPA to organize • IMnI organizes a 2-day HSE and tech- • Gulf Manganese Corporation Limited • Aloys d’Harambure, IMnI Executive Di- the 2019 International Ferroalloys Confe- nical workshop on September 18-19 and Inner Mongolia Puyuan Ferroalloy rector, moderates the Manganese ses- rence in New Delhi. Sandeep Kapur, Mar- in Ningxia Province, hosted by IMnI Co., Ltd. joined as Ordinary Members, sion at Metal Bulletin 35th International keting Manager of South32 chairs the Chinese member Ningxia Shengyan. 70 and Euro Manganese Inc. as a Mn Pro- Ferro-Alloys Conference in Budapest, Manganese Alloys & Ore session and the international delegates from 11 coun- cessor of Special Products. and Jeff Watson, Executive VP of Sales speakers were Aloys d’Harambure, IMnI tries are in attendance. Discussions on and Marketing of Ferroglobe is invited Executive Director, C.B. Atulkar, Execu- health, safety and environment, impro- to join the panel discussion. tive Director (Tech) of MOIL Ltd., Paul vement at manganese alloy smelters Desportes, Sr. VP (Commercial) – Mining along with the visit of two manganese & Metal Division of Eramet Group and plants (Ningxia Shengyan and Ningxia Gautam Kumar, Director of Asia Minerals Tianyuan Manganese) are part of the Ltd. workshop program. 10 11 Manganese in 2019

Quarter 1 ganese deal with OM Holdings for Bootu Creek mine in Australia • Chinese Hu-Cheng Mining company • Ghana’s soaring manganese ore output has embarked on the construction of boosts competition Zambia’s largest Manganese smelter • South32 examines options for its man- • Gulf Manganese makes a move into Ti- • Tshipi Borwa starts Mn exports from Lu- • Guyana Manganese Inc. to start a new ganese alloy smelters in South Africa mor-Leste by acquiring a 20% interest in deritz in Namibia manganese project in the northwest of and Australia, including potentially sel- Iron Fortune Guyana • MOIL signed a detailed memorandum ling or closing them • Giyani receives environmental ap- of understanding with Gujarat Mineral • Canadian Euro Manganese tables preli- • South Africa still top seaborne man- provals for two Botswana manganese Development Corporation to take up minary economic assessment for Czech ganese supplier, accounting for more projects joint exploration of manganese bearing tailings project than 35% of global production • Vale put up manganese assets for sale areas in the western state of India • Canada’s American Manganese reaches • Perth-based Gulf Manganese expects in Brazil a milestone as Kemetco starts sample to start direct shipping ore (DSO) man- testing at recycling pilot plant • Ghana Manganese Company resume Quarter 4 ganese operations at its Kupang project operation after 4 days of closure • Aquila Resources wins the right to mine in West Timor, Indonesia, in June, with • The federal government’s Northern a deposit which holds an estimated exports to follow shortly thereafter • India’s Mohashakti Ferro Alloys plans Australia may fund renewables-powe- 147.8 million mt of manganese ore in ferro-alloy plant at Jajpur in Odisha state • Ferroglobe announces the sale of Spa- red manganese metals projects in Wes- Northern Cape, South Africa by January 2020 nish hydro facilities with one ferroalloys tern Australia • Growing manganese metal capacity in plant to TPG Sixth Street Partners • OM Holdings and Bryah Resources • BSBK Resources Limited/Green Core Indonesia to shrink China’s exports there agreed to establish the Bryah Basin Man- • Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining agree ganese Joint Venture in Australia Enterprises Limited starts Mn ore pro- • Burkina Faso says Paris court dismissed on Mn mining deal with South32 in Sou- duction in Zambia 2.2 billion dollars claim over manganese th Africa • Musamu Resources is developing the • South32 is considering selling its man- mine contract Luongo Manganese project in Zambia • Element 25 progressing pre-feasibility ganese alloy assets in South African and • MOIL is expected to begin production study on budget and on time for its But- • India goes deep-sea mining for polyme- Tasmania at its Parsoda manganese mine in the cherbird Manganese Project in Western tallic and manganese nodules • SUYOG Natural Resources set a new Nagpur district of Maharashtra state, In- Australia • Ferroglobe completes Spanish asset Manganese mine in Mansa, Zambia dia, by the end of April • Eramet is searching for about €640 mil- sale • Indian Maithan Alloys Ltd is looking to • South African manganese ore exports lions in financing to fund expansion of • The richest-known Mn deposit in North incorporate a wholly-owned subsidia- hit 1.61-mln-tonne record in March its manganese mine in Gabon America, Emily manganese project mo- ry for its proposed greenfield project at ves one step further Bankura • Transnet and Kalagadi Manganese ce- Quarter 2 Quarter 3 • Keras Resources’ Nayega manganese ment partnership with Meca 2 contract project expected to start production in • The US threatened to impose tariffs on • Premier African Minerals announced in South Africa early 2020 in Togo some EU manganese alloys to put pres- a strategic loan of owners of $1.35m to • Giyani formally exits gold exploration • Kalagadi Manganese supplies up to 1 sure on the EU to end Airbus subsidies MN Holdings, the owner and operator of in South Africa to focus on manganese Mtpa of beneficiated manganese with • US Bryah Resources signs $7.3m man- the Otjozondu manganese mining pro- projects further potential to increase output ject in Namibia mine in Hotazel in the Northern Cape 12 13 MESSAGE FROM THE STATISTICS COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN

“IMnI market research continues improving with more accurate reports sent to IMnI Members”

IMnI statistics and market research reports A special report on Manganese sulphate represent one of the most important services production in China was also published, IMnI Members benefit from. Our statistics with production figures by company, and IMnI MARKET RESEARCH are considered the most accurate in the a breakdown between standard-grade manganese community, as they are based on and high-grade Mn sulphate production. data collected on a monthly basis from major We also published updated statistics for “IMnI provides the most comprehensive manganese manganese ore, alloy and metal producers. Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) industry market research available.” Confidentiality for producers is ensured with production, by grade (alkaline, lithium a 6-month time-lag in production data by manganese oxide, and carbon-zinc grade), country, but production figures by region in China and in the rest of the world. A new are published with a data time-lag of only extranet was also developed, where IMnI Circulated on a monthly basis, IMnI reports examine both 1 month (i.e in January, December’s data is Members can access all IMnI reports and production and consumption, and the balance between the published). IMnI reports analyse production, publications, including an Online Database two, looking at the industry from both sides of the supply demand, but also inventory, imports and of IMnI statistics, updated monthly. demand equation. The primary objective of these reports is exports for several Manganese products. to offer an analysis of the immediate past, which can provide Our database of Manganese producers now the basis for Members to develop a greater understanding of In 2019, IMnI improved its trade matrices, includes information on more than 2000 their business. which now show imports and exports by producers, future projects, consumers and province in Australia, Japan, China, India and industry service providers. Maps of Mn IMnI Executive Director Aloys d’Harambure examines Brazil, in addition to statistics by country, producers by country were also updated. manganese ore and alloy consumption as they relate to the allowing IMnI Members to run more detailed steel industry with the application of an industry model. This analysis of the Manganese market in these In the future, we plan to continue improving systematic approach provides increased accuracy to better countries. the quality of IMnI reports by publishing understand and anticipate changes in the industry. A detailed more information on Mn chemical analysis of IMnI data is also published on a monthly basis. Because any market research analysis on producers, a growing sector of our industry. Manganese requires field trips and discussions Our China and Rest of the World Weekly Reports summarise with producers, IMnI organised several the most important news of the industry. technical visits in 2019, including in Dunkirk to visit Eramet and Ferroglobe, in Slovakia to IMnI also issues monthly trade matrices for Mn Ore, Alloys, visit OFZ, in China’s Ningxia province to visit EMM and EMD, steel production statistics by country, and a Ningxia Shengyan and Ningxia Tianyuan database of current and future manganese producers. Manganese, and in Hunan province at Wuling Manganese. The IMnI staff also visited Guillermo RECIO All IMnI data is available to IMnI Members via our website additional companies recently, including one IMnI STATISTICS www.manganese.org of MOIL’s underground mine in India, Arcelor COMMITTEE Mittal in Luxemburg, and Liberty Steel in the CHAIRMAN UK.

14 15 MANGANESE STATISTICAL PACKAGES MARKET OVERVIEW ARE AVAILABLE FOR “In 2019, the global Manganese industry became NON-MEMBERS: increasingly fragile, because of its growing dependence ENQUIRE AT on China’s steel sector” [email protected] STEEL: Global steel production continued rising in 2019, but China accounted for most of this growth, while steelmakers in many other IMnI offers the most comprehensive and detailed statistics countries reduced output. available on manganese Global crude steel production continued million mtpy by 2020, to reduce overcapacity increasing in 2019 for the second consecutive and air pollution, and indeed all induction Manganese production, demand and inventory statistics year, rising by 5.3% from 1.83 billion mt in furnaces were closed over the last few years. collected directly from IMnI Members on a monthly basis 2018, to 1.88 billion mt in 2019, a new record But larger steelmakers continue ramping up, high. Around 53 million additional tons although China’s exports contracted for the Monthly import and export data by country for manganese were produced globally in 2019 compared fourth consecutive year in 2019, by 4% to ore, silico-manganese, high-carbon and refined ferro- to the previous year. In China, no less than 67.1 million mt. In the rest of the world, a few manganese, manganese metal and manganese dioxide. 61 million additional tons were produced in major steel-producing countries increased 2019 compared to 2018, while production output in 2019, including Ukraine (+4%), Steel production report, country-by-country every month in the rest of the world contracted by 7.8 the USA (+3%), the Middle East (+4%) and million tons, due to sluggish demand India (+4%), while production contracted Complete database of manganese producers and future from downstream sectors, especially the in Europe (-4%), Brazil (-7%), Japan (-4%) projects, with filter by product and by country, with capacity. automotive industry in Europe. and to a lesser extent South Korea (-0.1%), For the first time, China’s production according to partial data published by World exceeded 1 billion mt in 2019, growing by Steel Association. Steel production statistics 6.4% from 947 million mt in 2018, and now by country are available here (for IMnI representing 54% of global output. China Members only). planned to cut steel capacity by 100 to 150

Steel Production in China vs the rest of the World 2013-2019 Steel exports from China 2,000 2013-2019 1,800 0,881 0,873 0,85 1,600 0,83 0,81 0,82 0,81 120 1,400 100 1,200 80 1,000 1,01 800 0,95 60 (In billion mt) 0,89 0,91 0,90 0,91 0,91 600

(In billion mt) 40 400 20

200 IMnI China Customs, Source: 62,3 93,8 112,4 109,0 75,6 69,5 67,1 0 IMnI CRU, Association, Steel World Source: 0 ) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e

China Rest of the World 16 17 SiMn Production and Demand SiMn 2013 - 2019 20000 HC FeMn Production and Demand 2013 - 2019 18000 Global SiMn production Production Demand 5000 16000 Production Demand expanded significantly 4500 14000 in 2019, for the fourth 4000 12000 consecutive year, reaching 3500 10000 3000

18.2 million mt, up by 14% (in '000 mt) 8000 2500 from 15.9 million mt in 6000 (in '000 mt)2000 2018. The output growth 4000 1500 was driven mainly by 2000 1000 0 500 China (+23% from 2018), 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e because of rising steel Source: IMnI quality being produced Source: IMnI by local mills, and because of the strong growth of China’s steel output in 2019. Among the other biggest producers, SiMn Top 10 SiMn Producing countries in 2019 Top 10 HC FeMn Producing countries in 2019 (source: IMnI) production only expanded HC FeMn (source: IMnI) Brazil South Korea South Africa in Malaysia and South 1% 1% 1% The world’s output of high-carbon ferro- Australia Rest of the World Georgia Africa, while it contracted Russia Rest of the World 3% 11% 1% manganese remained stable in 2019, around 1% 5% in India, Ukraine, Norway, 4.4 million mt (only 0.2% higher than in 2018). France Norway 3% Russia, Georgia, Brazil 2% Among the world’s biggest producers, output Malaysia Ukraine China and South Korea. China 2% expanded only in China (+7%, to 1.7 million 3% South Africa Ukraine 39% now accounts for a huge mt), while it decreased in India, Malaysia, 4% 5% South Korea 69% of global silico- India Russia, South Korea, South Africa, Ukraine, 4% manganese production, 12% France and Australia (Japan’s output remained Russia followed by India with China stable in 2019). China now accounts for 39% of 4% India 69% Malaysia Japan 12% and Ukraine (5%). global HC FeMn production, followed by India 7% 6% 16% (16%) and Japan (7%).

Top 10 SiMn Importing Countries in 2019

Rest of the World Top 10 HC FeMn Importing Countries in 2019

Taiwan Rest of the World

Poland Statistics for Canada Statistics for South Korea production, Poland production, demand, Netherlands demand, inventory Turkey inventory and trade

Russia and trade of Mn ore Netherlands of Mn ore & alloy are & alloy are available available by region Turkey Italy by region here (for here (for IMnI Members Taiwan Italy IMnI Members only), only), and by country India Germany and by country here. Japan Japan here. Germany United States United States 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 (in '000 mt) Source: TDM, IMnI Source: TDM, IMnI (in '000 mt) 18 19 Global Mn Ore Production Ref FeMn Production and Demand Mn Ore 2013-2019 2013 - 2019 2000 70 Production Demand The world’s output of 1800 60 Manganese ore reached 17 1600 50 14 65.4 million wet mt in 24 19 1400 19 2019, up by 9% from the 40 13 1200 13 previous year. Low grade 30 29 1000 19 20 17 21 27 supply grew faster (+27%) 20 17

(in '000 mt) 800 than mid-grade (+6%) 600 10 and high grade (+2%). The 17 17 17 14 17 19 19 400 major contributor to this 0 200 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e increase was China (+20% 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e in 2019), followed by High-Grade Ore Production (Mn units): Mid-Grade Ore Production (Mn Units): (≥ 44%Mn) (≥ 30% and < 44%Mn) Source: IMnI Ghana (+42%), Ivory Coast (+58%), Brazil (+39%) and Low-Grade Ore Production (Mn Units): (< 30%Mn) Gabon (+7%). Production Source: IMnI Top 10 Ref FeMn Producing countries in 2019 contracted in Australia, (source: IMnI) India, Ukraine, Malaysia and the rest of the world. Ref FeMn Spain Brazil Top 10 Mn Ore Producing countries in 2019 2% 1% South Africa now accounts (source: IMnI) Global production of refined ferro-manganese Rest of the World United States Mexico 2% for 30% of global Mn ore contracted in 2019 1.46 million mt, from 1.66 5% 3% Ivory Coast production, followed by Rest of the World Malaysia 2% million mt in 2018. Most of the production cut South Africa China (15%) and Australia 3% 6% took place in China, where production contracted 5% China (11%). Ukraine by 29% in 2019 according to IMnI estimates, India 3% 7% 37% India based on data collected by local consultancy 4% company CNFEOL. China now accounts for 37% Japan Brazil South Africa of global refined FeMn production, followed by 8% 7% 30% South Norway (18%) and South Korea (12%). Korea Gabon 12% Norway 8% 18% China Ghana 15% 11% Australia 11%

Top 10 Mn Ore Importing Countries in 2019 Top 10 Ref FeMn Importing Countries in 2019 Rest of the World Rest of the World Indonesia Brazil France Poland Statistics for South Korea Iran production, demand, inventory and trade Japan Italy of Mn ore & alloy Russia India are available by Norway Germany region here (for IMnI Members only), and Malaysia Turkey by country here. Ukraine Canada India Netherlands China United States 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 (in '000 wet mt) Source: TDM, IMnI Source: TDM, IMnI (in '000 mt) A database of manganese producers and future projects is available here (for IMnI Members only).

20 21 Manganese metal production rebounded in 2019, rising MANGANESE by 7% from 2018 to 1.625 million mt. Output growth ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE was mostly due to Chinese producers (+4%), and to METAL Tsinghsan’s new plant in Indonesia, which started DIOXIDE (EMD) production in Q4 2018, and continued ramping up in 2019. Production in South Africa remained stable year- on-year, but Gabon and Ukraine reduced output in 2019. China now accounts for 94% of global production. Top 10 EMD Importing Countries in 2019

Rest of the World

Manganese Metal Production in China vs the rest of the World Malaysia 2013-2019 United States 2,000 Poland 1,800 Thailand

1,600 India

1,400 Australia

1,20 0 Singapore

1,000 Germany 800 (In ‘000 mt) Indonesia

600 Belgium 400 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 200 Source: TDM, IMnI (in '000 mt) 0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e

China ROW (South Africa, Gabon, Indonesia, Ukraine*)

* Manganese metal produced at Privat’s plant Zaporozhye in Ukraine aluminothermic manganese metal, not electrolytic

Top 10 EMD Exporting Countries in 2019

Rest of the World Top 10 EMM Importing Countries in 2019 Peru Rest of the World Colombia Monthly trade Taiwan South Africa matrices for EMD, Austria EMM, Mn ore, SiMn, United States Brazil HC FeMn and Ref India Belgium FeMn are available here (for IMnI United States India Members only). Germany Spain

Russia Japan

Japan China

Netherlands Myanmar South Korea 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 50 100 150 200 250 Source: TDM, IMnI (in '000 mt) Source: TDM, IMnI (in '000 mt)

EMM production statistics are available here (for IMnI Members only): - by country in IMnI Monthly Manganese Metal Production Data - by province in China in IMnI Monthly Data – China

22 23 MESSAGE FROM THE HSE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN

“Blazing a clear path”

2019 was a foundational year for the HSE subgroup whose objective is to engage the Committee with the objective of blazing a USEPA and provide up to date data. Two tele- clear path forward to 2020 and beyond. conferences were held in 2019 with another scheduled for early 2020. All participants We continued our work with the MIG in have shared insights on how to successful- preparations for the ever-delayed US Mn ly interact with the USEPA and methods of re-assessment. This led to the retainment of data sharing. The group has already brought a second scientific consultant agency and forth some concessions by USEPA to empha- preliminary engagement with the US Envi- sise when an assessment is extremely dated ronmental Protection Agency (USEPA). A fi- as well as the possible inclusion of non-USE- nal push, to obtain the raw data from USEPA PA data into their chemical database. funded studies, will be made in 2020. Initial feedback from USEPA is promising. MIG, with The HSE Committee looks forwards to the IMnI support, will continue to prepare data completion of many of the IMnI Studies pro- for USEPA and the Mn re-assessment which jects in 2020 along with deliverables from most likely will be delayed into 2021. RSI. All of the HSE Committee’s projects have set an efficacious path for many years to The Manganism project, with Risk Sciences come. International (RSI), passed a vital milestone in 2019 with all foundational work being complete. 2020 will realize the draft diagnostic criteria, and RSI is set to publish multiple HSE: Social Responsibility systematic reviews. As such, industry will be well poised going forwards and comple- The mission of the HSE Committee is to de- • To establish and employ a global network tion of the Manganism project will create a velop the IMnI as the platform for providing that can provide appropriate HSE expertise powerful guideline for industry, health prac- the Mn industry with guidance, tools and in- to IMnI, when necessary. titioners and employees. Rocklin REED formation that will allow it to anticipate oc- IMnI HSE COMMITTEE cupational health, environment and safety • To provide relevant information and sup- The HSE Committee also co-established CHAIRMAN demands whilst improving worker safety, sus- port to members enabling them to promote the China Associations Coordination Group tainability and ensuring industry profitability. and pro-actively ensure their interests when (CACG). This saw the signing of an agreement To support this mission, the committee faced with new regulatory demands. in early December with China’s Ministry of answers three main objectives: Ecology and Environment (MEE) to develop risk assessments for metals. The work will • To identify those HSE topics that can im- help to harmonize China with other jurisdic- pact on the Mn industry and to provide tions and create long-standing guidelines. answers. We have also strengthened IMnI’s standing with the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM). IMnI took leadership over a 24 25 2019 REGULATORY HIGHLIGHTS

Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 • Pennsylvania law makers are unilaterally proposing a strict 0.3 mg/L Mn limit for all • European Commission bans multiple metals • Health Canada releases draft of Mn in • South Korea includes Mn in Clean Air surface waters including Mn in paper products drinking water guideline Conservation Act revision as a volatile organic compound (VOC) • USEPA announced it will delay the science •United States Environmental Protection • Canadian Mn drinking water guideline transparency rule which requires that the re- Agency (USEAP) hosted Toxic Substances becomes final with a maximum acceptable • Indian researchers have label Mn as an en- gulatory science underlying EPA actions be Control Act (TSCA) inventory reporting we- concentration (MAC) of 0.12 mg/L (120 μg/L) docrine disruptor made publicly available binar • European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) up- • Canada Updates Mn assessment time frame • Canada looking to assess nano Mn oxides • Taiwanese Ministry of Labor requires re- dates labeling classification of Mn3O4 to including Manganese Draft Screening Assess- porting of handling information priority ma- any mixture, including ores, containing 3% ment scheduled for Oct. 2020 to March 2021 nagement chemicals including Potassium or more of Mn3O4 will now be considered • New Zealand updates national chemicals permanganate, sodium permanganate and as reproductive toxic category 2 (suspected Quarter 4 inventory including Mn compounds Manganese 2-methylcyclopentadienyl tricar- developmental effects). • California biomonitoring study detects Mn bonyl • Turkey’s textile market suffers from overex- • Egypt proposes Mn migration limits in toys in all subjects posure to potassium permanganate • USEPA officially announces that the Inte- in line with the E.U. and ISO standards • The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) aligns grated Risk Information System (IRIS) Mn • International Council on Mining and Metals • The European Committee for Standardi- toy safety with EU re-assessment is delayed at least to 2020 warns that Digital tax to negatively impact zation (CEN) published a new standard for mining sector • Swedish Work Environment Authority (AV) • US state of Iowa looks to ban Mn containing migration of substances in toys with three warns against Mn exposure slags in road construction categories • Israel proposes updated Mn migration limits for toys • Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) • Australia publishes Manganese: Human funded for 2020 health tier II assessment • American Conference of Governmental In- dustrial Hygienists (ACGIH) updated its list of substances for threshold limit values (TLVs). ACGIH will look at Mn in welding fumes

26 27 UPDATE ON HSE SPECIAL PROJECTS 2019 “Leading the charge with the best available science”

IMnI STUDIES Investigation of metabolites related to Relationship of hair manganese and inter- manganese exposure in metalworkers nal tissue Mn accumulation as a biomarker using targeted mass spectrometry me- for internal Mn dose responses thods This project was funded late 2018 and is Funded early in 2019 and slated to run for slated to finish in 2021. The Joint efforts of just over a year, the University of Washing- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Pur- ton will analyze urine metabolites of welders due University will clearly demonstrate if the exposed to Mn fumes. Samples have already concentration of manganese found in hair been collected and analyses are ongoing. can be representative of actual internal man- A previous global metabolomics study has ganese accumulation following exposure. It already identified 9 possible candidates that will either validate or invalidate hair as being were correlated to Mn exposure. However, a reliable biomarker for Mn exposure. Hair is the metabolites could not be identified du- being relied upon in several external studies ring this study. The IMnI funded project will as evidence that environmental Mn exposure seek to identify these metabolites and could results in potential negative impacts. As of lead to an extremely simple Mn workplace writing, the project is running on time and exposure biomonitoring tool. The project is MANGANISM Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). parts are ahead of schedule. on schedule. The initial review has now been published Risk Sciences International continues to and MIG has continued this path in 2019 Can toenail Mn levels predict brain Mn Factors Impacting Zinc Cation Intercala- delivery on time for the Manganism Project by retaining a second scientific consultancy levels? tion into Manganese Oxide Structures for which was originally commissioned early Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries 2018. 2019 saw the delivery of 2 phases of to conduct a follow-up systematic review Purdue University also received funding in and to directly engage the USEPA. During This is currently the only non-health related the project instead of one as planned. In late 2018 to confirm if toenails can predict 2019, USEPA officially pushed back their IMnI study, which received funding mid-2019 2020, RSI will publish significant reviews actual Mn levels seen in the brain following manganese re-assessment to 2020 and and is scheduled to run for two years. A Ca- that, as fate would have it, will also bolster workplace exposure in welders. The study indicators suggest that the delay is likely to nadian startup, Salient Energy, will look to work being conducted with the Manganese protocol involves the collection of toenail go into 2021. IMnI will continue to work with continue the development of their Zinc-Man- Interest Group. RSI will deliver the draft samples as well as personal air samples from and support the efforts of MIG in continually ganese battery designed for large energy sto- Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Manganism welders to determine a definitive time point providing better science to USEPA in 2020. rage and fast charge and discharge rates. The in 2020 which is planned to be validated in when the toenails are representative of ac- Additionally, MIG with IMnI support, will seek group will work together with the University 2021. The validated Criteria would provide tual Mn levels found in brain using Magne- to obtain the raw data from USEPA funded of Alberta. The work by Salient aims to bring possibly the strongest health protection tic Resonance Imaging (MRI). If successful, studies so that conclusions and penalties manganese battery technology to power yet for both workers and employers in the the work will provide a suitable solution for based on these data can be verified by an plants and wind turbines as well as shine a manganese industry. workplace biomonitoring. Toenail sample col- independent third party. lection and air monitoring will continue for positive spotlight on Mn in the eyes of regu- the duration of 2020. Professor Ulrike Dydak lators. It will help the manganese community MANGANESE INTEREST GROUP (MIG) presented preliminary results from both her continue to lead in sustainability. To balance negative industry impacts in the toenail project and the hair project above at United States, the Manganese Interest Group the 2019 IMnI Annual Conference. The project (MIG) commissioned a review to evaluate is on time. the conclusions of studies funded by the US

28 29 THE IMnI ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTS DIVISION (EPD) “The EPD Conference: the premier global EPD event ”

Global Electrolytic Mn Metal (EMM) con- to strengthen the industry and ensure a tinues to be almost exclusively produced in sustainable future marketplace. At the be- China, which accounts for over 94% of total ginning of 2019, IMnI published 2018 EMD world production. China produced an esti- production figures by grade and by country mated 1.53 million mt of the metal in 2019 (for IMnI Members only), and an update with (+4% compared to 2018). Much of this out- 2019 production figures will be published at put is used within the country to produce the beginning of 2020. stainless steel 200 series (SS200) and special- ity steel. China also exported around 444,000 The Electrolytic Products Division (EPD) mt of EMM in 2019, which is 4.5% less than in hosted its 16th EPD Conference on Thurs- 2018, because Chinese company Tsingshan day, March 7, 2019 in Zhangjiajie, Hunan started producing EMM in Indonesia (for in- Province (China), with a technical tour on Fri- ternal consumption at its Indonesia stainless day, March 8 to visit EMM producer Wuling steel mill), and therefore stopped importing Manganese. Once again IMnI partnered with ELECTROLYTIC EMM from China (in 2018, Indonesia import- three Chinese industry organizations and ed 20,000 mt of EMM from China). Other ap- the event proved to be the largest global PRODUCTS plications for which EMM is a vital ingredient EPD conference of the year with some 170 include aluminium and high-strength steels. delegates in attendance. The program was DIVISION (EPD) filled with first rate international and domes- Electrolytic Mn Dioxide (EMD) is a major tic speakers, who covered market dynamics THE IMnI ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTS raw material for the production of alkaline and trends within these industries. Major DIVISION (EPD): batteries, an essential part of our daily lives. topics included: The EMD industry is smaller than that of Mn • Environmental protection in China and its • Focuses on electrolytic manganese metal alloys and EMM, but no less important. Total impact on the EMM/EMD industries (EMM), electrolytic manganese dioxide annual production capacity is roughly 550K • NCM battery applications and market fore- (EMD) and other manganese chemicals mt. IMnI EMD Members are present through- cast (MnSO4, Mn3O4, MnO, etc.) out the world, supplying major battery com- • Use of EMM, LC SiMn and M/LC FeMn in panies like Energizer and Duracell. Members steel products • Collects production and trade data on include Citic Dameng in China, MOIL in In- • China Mn ore industry update electrolytic products dia, Prince/Erachem in the USA & China, and Tosoh in Greece & Japan. IMnI represents • Provides coverage and weekly analysis of a forum where EMD members can work EMM and EMD markets in China through on the ground investigation by our IMnI China Representative The IMnI 17th EPD China Conference will be held on Thursday, March 12, 2020 in Chengdu, Sichuan province (China), with a technical tour on Friday, March 13 • Acts as a forum for discussion of industry to visit EMM plant Zhongzhe. matters, particularly those relating to health, safety, environment and regulatory For more information about IMnI conferences, affairs contact us at: [email protected]

30 31 UPDATE ON THE CHINA COMMITTEE

The China Committee has 6 seats, and is The China Statistics sub-committee chaired by Mr. Li Weijian, General Man- organised a meeting in Hangzhou in ager of Citic Dameng, who was elected October 2019, animated by IMnI China in June 2017, in replacement of Mr. Jin Representative Ms. Eva Yang, to discuss Xiaoguang, Vice General Manager of the latest IMnI statistics. This event was Minmetals Development Co., Ltd. attended by 26 companies, including most IMnI Chinese Members, and some With 7 new Chinese companies joining Members from the rest of the world with the IMnI in 2019, the China Committee offices in China. now represents a total of 21 Chinese IMnI Members, including 10 producers In September 2019, the China Commit- of Mn alloys, 1 producer of electrolytic tee organised a Technical & HSE Work- products and Manganese ore, and 10 shop, in Ningxia province, which was THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE major trading companies. hosted by Chinese IMnI Member Ningxia IMnI’s Premier Event Shengyan. More than 60 delegates from The Committee aims to assist IMnI in en- 11 countries attended, to have techni- larging its membership base in China, cal discussions on energy consumption IMnI’s 45th Annual Conference took and Manganese Mining Divisions of to provide IMnI Members with accurate and furnace optimization, networking place in Vienna on June 10-12, attracting Eramet, Jack Bedder, Director at Roskill, statistics on China, to facilitate the net- sessions, and technical visits of Ningxia 200+ delegates from 120 companies Dr. Ulrike Dydak, Professor of Health working between Chinese companies Shengyan and Ningxia Tianyuan Manga- based in 34 countries. Sciences at Purdue University and and IMnI Members from the rest of the nese (TMI), the world’s biggest Mn metal Brandon Cline, IMnI HSE & Regulatory world, and to support Chinese Members producer. Structured around the theme Affairs Manager. in terms of HSE, market research and “Rethinking Manganese in Changing technical information. Times: New Directions for Europe”, main Two panel discussions were part of the speakers include: Robert Ward, Editorial program: on global trade and steel on Director of the Economist Intelligence the first day and on manganese on the Unit; Sebastien Leger, Partner of next day. McKinsey & Company Inc. France, Denny Sabah, Business Development After the conference, technical tours to for Clarksons Platou, Anthony de three manganese alloys plants (Eramet Carvalho, Senior Economist of the OECD, and Ferroglobe in France and OFZ in Dennis Alvarenga, Head of Global and Slovakia) were a major success with 60 European Procurement Strategy, Digital delegates who participated to the visit. Transformation for ArcelorMittal, Aloys d’Harambure, IMnI Executive Director, Generous sponsors included Asia Kevin Fowkes, Managing Consultant Minerals, Assore, Autlán, Eramet, OFZ, for AlloyConsults, Pedro Larrea, CEO South32 and United Manganese of of Ferroglobe, Paul Desportes, Senior Kalahari. Vice-President Commercial Nickel

32 33 Abhijeet Ferrotech Limited Meca-Trade Oy Afro Minerals Trading AG Metalleghe Spa COMPANIES WHICH Allied Petrochemical B.V. Micromesh Minerals & Metals Alloys Consulting Luxembourg Mineracao Buritirama S.A. AlloysConsult Minerais US LLC ArcelorMittal Sourcing Minmet Sam ATTENDED IN 2019 Argus Media MITRA S.K. do Brasil Inspeçao e Analises Ltda Asia Minerals Limited Mitra S.K. Hong Kong Limited Asia Minerals North America LLC Mizushima Ferroalloy Co. Assore Nippon Denko Co., Ltd Barry Rogliano Salles Nizi International SA Borman Specialty Materials Ntsimbintle Marketing & Trading Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad OFZ, a.s. CCMA, LLC Oldendorff Carriers Charisma Resources Ltd OM Holdings Ltd. China National Minmetals Ore & Metal Company Ltd. CITIC Commodities Pte Ltd. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and CITIC Dameng Mining Industries Limited Development (OECD) Clarksons Platou Oswal Minerals Limited Compagnie Minière du Littoral POSCO Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Prince Compania Minera Autlán, SAB de CV Prosperous Resources (HK) Limited CRU Group Purdue University Dameng Resources Limited Quintal S.A. DCM Alloys GmbH Radhika Metals & Minerals Demeka Mining Inc. Ronly Ltd. DPRC SL Roskill E+ Plus Company S.H. Bell Company Element 25 Limited S.K. Sarawagi & Co. Pvt. Ltd. Eramet Comilog Manganese Sarda Metals & Alloys Ltd. FeConsult and Trading Shaanxi Sinian Metal & Mining Co., Ltd. Ferroglobe Shanghai J. Sun Trading Consultants Ltd. Ferroglobe PLC Shanghai Qunxian International Trade Co., Ltd. Full Comex Trading S.A. Shyam Sel and Power Ltd. Galmet SpA Sibelco Glencore International AG Simpac Inc. GoodEarth Sineco S.P.A. Guangxi Guikang New Materials Co., Ltd. Sinosteel Resources Company Limited Guangxi Hourong Trading Company Somani Group Gulf Manganese Corporation Limited South32 Gurta A.G. Southern Jade Resources IMnI SSAB Italghisa S.p.A. Sumitomo Corporation Japan Ferroalloy Association Sumitomo Corporation Africa (Pty) Ltd. JFE Shoji Trade Corporation Tata Steel Limited JMD Ltd. The Economist Intelligence Unit Jupiter Mines Limited Transalloys Kalahari Trading AG Traxys Europe S.A. Kalon Resources Pte Ltd. Tremendous Beijing International Trading Co., Kimpe SAS Ltd. Kudumane Manganese Resources Tremond Metals Corp. L&M Rohstoffhandelsgesellschaft mit beschränkter Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Ltd Haftung Turfes Alyaj Dis Ticaret Ltd London Commodity Intelligence Bureau LTD Ultrabulk South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Mali Manganese SA United Manganese of Kalahari (UMK) Manganese Metal Company (Pty) Ltd. Vilmeks A.S. Manganese Products Corporation Voestalpine Rohstoffbeschaffungs GmbH Maringá Ferro Liga World Metals & Alloys (FZC) Marubeni Tetsugen Co., Ltd. Xiangxi Minmetals Co., Ltd. McKinsey & Company Inc. France YASAI Resources LLP

34 35 IMnI 46TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE WILL BE HELD IN CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA ON JUNE 2-4, 2020 IMnI 46th Annual Conference, scheduled from June 2 to 4, 2020 will gather the global Man- ganese community in Cape Town, South Africa, on the theme “South Africa at crossroads: diversified Manganese producer or China’s miner?”. Registra- tion has started and many delegates have already booked their seat, so do not miss the opportunity to learn from industry experts, connect with the Mn community and visit plants and mines in Sou- th Africa.

Sponsors to date for this event include Autlán, As- sore, Kudumane Manganese (Pty) Ltd., South32, Transalloys (Pty) Ltd., Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mi- ning, United Manganese of Kalahari (UMK).

Optional technical tours are scheduled on Mon- day, June 1 and Friday, June 5 to Transnet Port Elizabeth & Coega, Manganese Metal Company (MMC) plant, Transalloys’ plant, South32 Ma- matwan, United Manganese of Kalahari (UMK) mine, Tshipi’s mine, Kudumane Manganese’s mine and Assmang’s Gloria & Nchwaning mines.

For details and registration, click here.

For more information about the IMnI and its An- nual Conference, please contact events@manganese.org or follow us on LinkedIn.

36 37 Statistics Committee

Guillermo Recio (Chairman) Autlán Juan Bosco Álvarez Autlán Jay Cho Asia Minerals Lei Fei China National Minerals Antoine Delavenne Eramet Comilog Manganese Arnaud Vigier Eramet Comilog Manganese Antonio Salinas FerroAtlantica, S.A. Jian Zhou Guangxi Guikang New Materials, Co. Ltd. Toshiaki Abe Japan Ferroalloy Association Thembelani Gantsho Kudumane Manganese` Andreas Schüssler L & M Rohstoffhandels GmbH Luis Pessoa Maringá Ferro-Liga S.A. Martin Levcik OFZ, a.s. Jeff Jiang Oldendorff Carriers Colin Ouwehand OM Holdings Katharine Koh South32 Carel Marlan Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining Aloys d’Harambure IMnI Executive Director

Health, Safety & Environment Committee

Rocklin Reed (Chairman) Ore & Metal Company Ltd. Jenny Cronje South32 Athena Keene Afton Chemical Corporation Nadxiely Yescas Autlán Bernd Friede Elkem a.s. Cristina Rodríguez Ferroglobe Rodrigo Junqueira Dos Santos Maringá Ferro-Liga Matej Siculia OFZ, a.s. Brandon Cline IMnI Aloys d’Harambure IMnI

IMnI COMMITTEES China Committee

The life of the Institute is regulated by the work done by its committees. Li Weijian (Chairman) CITIC Dameng Mining Industries There are three standing committees: Health, Safety and the Environment Deng «Dan» Guohong Inner Mongolia Chayouqianqi Mengfa Ferroalloy Co. Yang Bin Ningxia Shengyan Industry Group (HSE), Statistics and the China Committee. They meet on average between Bob Qiu Tianjin Hoperay Mineral Co. two and four times a year, and are open to both Ordinary and Affiliate Zhan Haiqing CITIC Dameng Mining Industries members. Each committee is chaired by a member, while the secretariat Lei Fei Minmetals Development Co., Ltd.. is handled by a permanent IMnI staffer. Each also has about a dozen Wu Shaokang SPIC Jinyuan Suiyang Industrial members. Zhou Jian Guangxi Guikang New Materials Co.,Ltd Aloys d’Harambure IMnI Executive Director The China Committee has three Sub-Divisions: statistics, technical issues Eva Yang IMnI China Representative and regulatory affairs. Electrolytic Products Division (EPD) The Electrolytic Products Division (EPD) operates like a committee and is formed of producers of electrolytic manganese metal and electrolytic Li Weijian (Chairman) CITIC Dameng Mining Industries manganese dioxide. Madelein Todd Manganese Metal Company Philipe Bertrand Prince - Erachem Committees are the lifeblood of the IMnI, providing vision, ideas and Li Tongqing CITIC Dameng Mining Industries direction to nourish its fundamental missions. Hiromu Otsuka Tosoh Corporation Aloys d’Harambure IMnI Executive Director Eva Yang IMnI China Representative 38 39 OFFICERS IMnI MEMBERS Executive Board Members Chairman Ordinary Members Esteban Rivero, Autlán Asia Minerals Ltd. - Hong Kong MOIL Limited - India Autlán - Mexico Ningxia Jiyuan Metallurgical Group Co. Ltd.

Members Esteban Rivero Patrick Sacco Bosai Minerals Group Co., Ltd. Ningxia Shengyan Industry Group Energy Recycling Patrick Sacco, Ore & Metal Company Ltd. (Vice-Chairman) Bryah Resources Ltd. - Australia Economy Co., Ltd., China Branislav Klocok, OFZ, a.s. (Vice-Chairman) Consolidated Minerals Ltd. - Australia Nippon Denko Co. Ltd. - Japan Element 25 Limited - Australia OFZ, a.s. - Slovakia Ken Bagady, Eramet Comilog Manganese (Treasurer) Eramet Comilog Manganese - France OM Holdings Ltd. - Singapore Aloys d’Harambure, IMnI Ferroglobe - Spain Ore & Metal Co. Ltd. - South Africa Glencore International AG - Switzerland S.K. Sarawagi and Co. Pvt. Ltd. - India Guangxi Guikang New Materials Co. Ltd. - China Simpac Metalloy Co., Ltd - South Korea Supervisory Board Members Branislav Klocok Ken Bagady Hascor Group - USA South32 - Australia Esteban Rivero (Chairman), Autlán (Corporate Vice-President) Inner Mongolia Chayouqianqi Mengfa Ferroalloy Co., SPIC Guizhou Jinyuan Suiyang Industrial Co., Ltd. - China Patrick Sacco (Vice-Chairman), Ore & Metal Company Ltd. Ltd, China Tata Steel Ltd. Inner Mongolia Puyuan Ferroalloy Co., Ltd. Transalloys (Pty) Ltd. - South Africa (Managing Director) Kalagadi Manganese Pty Lt. - South Africa Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Limited - South Branislav Klocok (Vice-Chairman), OFZ, a.s. (Managing Director) Keras Resources Plc - United Kingdom Africa Ken Bagady (Treasurer), Eramet Comilog Manganese (VP Kudumane Manganese Resources (Pty) Ltd. - South Ukrainian Ferroalloys Association (UkrFA) - Ukraine Manganese Alloys Sales) Li Weijian Guillaume Verschaeve Africa United Manganese of Kalahari (Pty) Ltd. - South Africa Linze Hongxin Mineral Industry Company Vale - Brazil Li Weijian, CITIC Dameng Mining Industries (Vice Chairman & CEO) Maringa Ferro-Liga S.A. - Brazil Vietnam Haiduong New Resources Metallurgy Guillaume Verschaeve, Eramet Comilog Manganese (Managing Minmetals Development Co. Ltd. - China Shareholdings Company - Vietnam Director of Manganese Ore & Alloys Business Unit) Mizushima Ferro-alloy Co. Ltd. - Japan Pedro Larrea, Ferroglobe (CEO) Ruan van Schalkwyk, Glencore International AG (Trader) Pedro Larrea Ruan van Schalkwyk Fei Lei, Minmetals Development Co., Ltd. (General Manager, Carbon Steel Alloys Department) Affiliate Members Mukund P. Chaudhari, MOIL Limited (Chairman-cum-Managing Afton Chemical Corporation - USA Minerais US LLC, USA Director) ArcelorMittal - Luxembourg Minmet S.A.M. - Monaco Ngee Tong Low, OM Holdings Ltd. (Executive Chairman) Baosteel Resources International Company Ltd. - China Mitsui & Co. UK Plc - Japan James Jin Shik Choi, Simpac Metalloy (CEO & Chairman) Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad - Malaysia Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore Fei Lei Mukund P. Chaudhari Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM) - Belgium Omni Industries BV - Netherlands Andrea Cornwell, South32 (VP Marketing, Carbon Steel & Freight) Citi Research - Australia Primeore Ltd. - Cyprus Ezekiel Lotlhare, Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Ltd. (CEO) Dameng Resources Limited - China Prince Erachem - USA John Joseph Scholtz, United Manganese of Kalahari (Marketing Galmet SpA - Italy Ronly Holdings Ltd. - UK Manager) Guangxi Hourong Trading Company S.H. Bell Company - USA Guangxi Steel Raw Materials Trading Co., Ltd., China Shaanxi Sinian Metal & Mining Co., Ltd. - China Aloys d’Harambure, IMnI (Executive Director) Gulf Manganese Corporation Limited Shanghai Qunxian International Trade Co., Ltd. Ngee Tong Low James Choi Hanwa Co., Ltd. - Japan Sibelco Europe MineralsPlus - Netherlands Committee Chairmen Harcan Engineering Co., Ltd. - China Sinosteel Resources Co., Ltd. JFE Shoji Trade Corporation - Japan Sojitz Corporation, Japan Health, Safety & Environment Committee (HSE), Rocklin Reed, Kalon Resources Pte Ltd. - Singapore Sumitomo Corporation - Japan Ore & Metal Company Ltd. L & M Rohstoffhandels GmbH - Germany Traxys Europe S.A. - Luxembourg Statistics Committee, Guillermo Recio, Autlán Maple Rock Capital Partners Inc. World Metals & Alloys (FZC) - U.A.E. China Committee, Li Weijian, CITIC Dameng Mining Industries Marubeni Tetsugen Co. Ltd. - Japan Zhejiang Fuchun Corporation - China Mineracao Buritirama S.A., Brazil Electrolytic Products Division (EPD), Li Weijian, CITIC Dameng Andrea Cornwell Ezekiel Lotlhare Mining Industries

Treasurer Chemical Products Ken Bagady (Treasurer), Eramet Comilog Manganese (VP EPD Members Division Manganese Alloys Sales) John Joseph Scholtz Aloys d’Harambure CITIC Dameng Mining Industries Ltd. - China Carus Corporation - USA Manganese Metal Company (MMC) - South Africa Elkem a.s. - Norway Executive Director Tosoh Corporation - Japan Euro Manganese Inc. Aloys d’Harambure, IMnI Kimpe SAS - France Pilbara Metals Group - Australia 40 41 INTERNATIONAL MANGANESE INSTITUTE YOUR CONTACTS AT IMnI

IMnI provides vision and guidance to the Aloys d’Harambure Eva Yang manganese industry by promoting Executive Director China Representative economic, social and environmental responsibility mobile: +33 (0)6 33 47 42 10 mobile: +86 158 21169770 and sustainability for all stakeholders. email: email: [email protected] [email protected]

Brandon Cline Valérie Breliere HSE and Regulatory Assistant to the IMnI Label Affairs Manager Executive Director mobile: +33 (0)6 52 31 77 96 tel: +33 (0)1 45 63 06 34 be part of a recognised email: [email protected] email: network [email protected]

Events & Conferences Market Research & Stats network during major events of the manganese get the best data available industry on the manganese market

International Manganese Institute

Regulatory Affairs Health, Safety & 56 rue de Londres Environment (HSE) 75008 Paris, France stay up-to-date on Tel: +33 (0)1 45 63 06 34 compliance improve your processes Fax: +33 (0)1 42 89 42 92

Photo credits: Assmang, Comilog, Ferroglobe, OFZ a.s., OM Holdings , Simpac Metalloys , South32 [email protected] www.manganese.org