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Forearm Menu: Using Forearm As Menu Widget on Tabletop System

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Forearm Menu: Using Forearm As Menu Widget on Tabletop System Forearm Menu: Using Forearm as Menu Widget on Tabletop System Takamasa Adachi Asako Kimura Abstract Ritsumeikan University Ritsumeikan University In this study, we propose a menu interaction technique 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, that utilizes the forearm (the part of the arm between Shiga, Japan Shiga, Japan the elbow and the hand) on direct input surfaces such [email protected] as tabletop systems. On such systems, users commonly operate various types of data, such as images, video, Seiya Koura audio, and documents, using menus for each type of Ritsumeikan University data. In this study, we focus on the space on user’s 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, forearms as a very easy-to-access area for displaying a Shiga, Japan menu to control the data in operation. In addition, since the tabletop surface and the forearm can be used Fumihisa Shibata as different layers, they can be divided into a “working Ritsumeikan University area” and an “area for menu operation.” Thus, a menu 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan can be displayed without being hidden by the hand or forearm. Author Keywords Forearm; Interaction Techniques; Tabletop system; Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for Menu. personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that ACM Classification Keywords copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights H.1.2 [Models and principles]: User/Machine Systems- for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other Human factors; D.4.7 [Operating systems]: uses, contact the Owner/Author. Organization and Design - Interactive systems; H.5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation]: User Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Interfaces - Interaction styles. ITS '13, Oct 06-09 2013, St Andrews, United Kingdom Introduction ACM 978-1-4503-2271-3/13/10. Various types of data such as images, video, audio, and http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2512349.2512393 documents can be operated on tabletop systems. Users usually interact with the data from a menu that is By considering the advantages and disadvantages of different for each data type. Choosing the location and existing menus and those proposed in related work, we method of displaying a menu on a tabletop system is aim to develop an easy-to-access and occlusion-free often problematic. menu by displaying it on the user’s forearm. Several studies have focused on the display of menus Menu Classification on direct input surfaces such as tabletop systems. First, existing types of menus are classified and their Bailly et al. [1] developed MultiTouch Menu, in which disadvantages are discussed, along with the proposal of users can display a menu around their hand when it is a menu that overcomes these disadvantages. (a) Document Menu placed on the tabletop system. To avoid the menu being hidden by the hand or forearm, Brandl et al. [2] Menu Bar proposed a method for displaying a pie menu on the A Menu Bar is a menu displayed on the side(s) of the basis of the location of the tip of a pen and the user’s tabletop system (Figure 2 (a)). Tabletop systems hand. Yoshikawa et al. [4] developed HandyWidgets, in usually have a large display area, which makes it which users can display a menu in the desired direction difficult for the user to reach the Menu Bar when it is near their hand by performing a bimanual multi-touch displayed to the left, right or on the opposite side of the gesture. Moreover, by displaying the menu on top of a user. When the menu is displayed on the near side of specific type of data, users can change the parameters the user, the person’s forearm might hide it and cause of the specified data. However, in these menus, the unwanted operations. Such type of menu does not have data could be hidden by the menu during operation. a strong connection between the target data and the (b) Video and Audio Menu menu because the menu is positioned far from the data. Figure 1. Forearm Menu: Various Regarding the use of the forearm as a display area and Thus, it is difficult for the user to understand which types of data such as images, an interactive surface, Harrison et al. [3] developed data is being operated on. video, and documents are present OmniTouch, a wearable depth-sensing and projection on the tabletop system. To work system that enables everyday surfaces to be used as Menu Window with these data from the Forearm interactive surfaces. It also enables the display of a The position and orientation of a Menu Window can be Menu, the user first touches a data menu on the forearm and recognizes touch gestures on changed at will by the users (Figure 2 (b)). Such type type with their finger. Next, a it. In the aforementioned work, the focus was on of menu might disturb the user’s work, because 1) it is menu appropriate for the selection utilizing everyday surfaces involving forearms as always displayed, 2) it might be hidden by other data appears on the forearm interactive surfaces. In contrast, we focus on the making it hard to operate, and 3) some users might (automatically superimposed over connection between the data displayed on a tabletop find it bothersome to locate the menu every time they the position and orientation of the system and the menu displayed on the user’s forearm need it as the menu position is not fixed. Similar to the forearm). By touching or scrolling to control the data on the tabletop system. Menu Bar, this type of menu has a loose connection this menu, the user can interact between the data and the menu. with each data type. In this paper, we propose an interaction technique that utilizes the space on a user’s forearm to display a menu and use it to control the data in operation (Figure 1). Pop-up Menu unintended touch from the hands, arms, and sleeves. A Pop-up Menu is displayed by a touch gesture or by 4) The connection between the target data and the placing an object such as a hand, forearm, or tangible displayed menu is strong because the menu is only device on the tabletop system (Figure 2 (c)). Related displayed when the target data is touched; therefore, (a) works [1, 2, 4] can be classified as a Pop-up Menu, the user will not be confused about the data in where users can decide the position and orientation of operation. the menu at will. However, since the menu is displayed (b) on the same layer as the data, there is a chance of Implementation some data being hidden by the menu. System configuration The touch input and forearm position is detected by a (c) Data Side Menu ViconPeaks motion capture system. It uses infrared Data Side Menu is a menu displayed on one side of the technology to enable tracking of retro-reflective data (Figure 2 (d)). Such type of menu has a strong markers. The program estimates the positions of the (d) connection between the target data and the displayed fingers and the position and orientation of the forearm menu. However, it can be difficult to operate, for by detecting markers mounted on the fingers and Figure 2. Menu Classification: example, when image data is scaled or rotated and the forearm. We used a motion capture system to develop (a) Menu Bar displayed on the menu adjusts to this operation. the pilot system, but we propose that this could be side opposite to the user, (b) replaced by another low-cost tracking system. The Menu Window hidden under other The Concept of a Forearm Menu display for the tabletop system uses a projector placed data, (c) Pop-up Menu hiding Here, we propose the Forearm Menu, which is projected under the tabletop (rear projection) while the menu other data, (d) Data Side Menu on the user’s forearm. When a user touches data with displayed on the forearm uses a projector placed above adjusts to the scale and rotation their finger, the appropriate menu appears on the the tabletop (front projection). of the data. forearm and they can operate the data by touching or scrolling the menu with the fingers of the other hand. Operation The Forearm Menu is displayed and operated by IR Cameras By displaying the menu on the user’s forearm, many performing the following procedure (Figure 4): (Vicon MX) disadvantages listed in the previous section can be Projector for Mirror for Display for overcome. There are several benefits of a Forearm (1) Touch the data object of interest with a finger. front projection front projection tabletop system Menu. 1) The menu is always displayed on the forearm (2) The system then displays a menu appropriate for Retro-reflective and hence is easy to access, and the user does not the selected data and fits it into the position and markers need to look for the menu, like in the case of a Menu orientation of the forearm. Window. 2) Because the tabletop system and the (3) The user can operate the menu with a finger of the forearm can be used as different layers, we can divide other hand. Projector for them into a “working area” and an “area for menu (4) The menu will be hidden by releasing the finger rear projection operation,” enabling an occlusion-free menu.
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