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12932-20171108.Pdf southern africa corecao d cliente 2ª 10 de outubro2016- REVISTA2.pdf 1 10/12/16 11:41 AM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Cover Art: Erik Schnack's cyborgian installation evokes a distinct sense of unease. The interactive structure moves the viewer to confront the paradoxical relationship between technological advancement and humankind. The work examines the debate around our relationship with technology. Much of humanity’s existence has shifted into a virtual space. As the distinction becomes increasingly blurred, the difference between what is real and what is virtual is difficult to define. The paradox of a painstakingly handcrafted cyborg portrays the shift from the material to the artificial world where a cyborgian self receives more nurture and care than the physical self. It is the artist`s hope that the internal conflicts operating within the installation will encourage us to engage more responsibly and caringly in our relationship with technology and humanity. Erik Schnack lives and works in Windhoek/Namibia as artist and lecturer. “A Cyborgian Trans(per)formance” is a multi-media installation work in progress for the degree of Master in Visual Arts at the University of South Africa. Photographs: Michel Dei-Cont SOUTHERN AFRICAN SECURITY REVIEW 2015 Edited by Anthoni van Nieuwkerk and Catherine Moat SOUTHERN AFRICAN SECURITY REVIEW Jointly published in December 2015 by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Mozambique Office Av. Tomás Nduda, 1313 Caixa Postal 3694 Telefone: +258-21-491231 Fax: +258-21-490286 E-mail: [email protected] www.fes-mozambique.org The Centre for Defence and Security Management Graduate School of Public and Development Management University of the Witwatersrand 2 St David’s Place, Parktown Johannesburg, South Africa Tel.: +27-11-7173520 http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/clm/pdm All rights reserved. This publication, either whole or in part, may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted without the prior permission of the publishers. It may be quoted, and short extracts used, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Design and layout by: Arte de Gema, Lda Printed by: Ciedima, SARL ISBN 978-989-8005-06-9 Table of contents About the authors 5 Acronyms and abbreviations 9 Acknowledgments 13 Introduction 17 PART ONE: THE DIPLOMACY OF REGIONAL SECURITY Chapter one: A critical examination of the key factors and trends shaping Southern African Peace And Security 25 Anthoni van Nieuwkerk & Mxolisi Notshulwana Chapter two: Regional Security and Tanzania’s mediation in the great lakes region: lessons learnt 45 Lucy Shule Chapter three: The Southern African Development Community and the african maritime security equation 73 Francis A. Kornegay, Jr. Chapter four: Piracy in the horn of africa: threat or opportunity? 93 Kidist Mulugeta PART TWO: ELECTIONS, DEMOCRACY AND STABILIT Chapter five: Elections and democratisation in SADC: overview and trend analysis 115 Motlamelle Anthony Kapa Chapter six: At tipping point: Lesotho’s relations with SADC 2012 - 2016 139 Dimpho Motsamai PART THREE: THE IMPACT OF ORGANISED CRIME ON SOUTHERN AFRICA Chapter seven: New networks of power: why organised crime is the greatest long-term threat to security in the SADC region 169 Mark Shaw Chapter eight: Overview of research on organised crime in Southern Africa 189 Catherine Moat ABOUT THE AUTHORS Professor Anthoni Van Nieuwkerk holds a MA in political science from the University of Johannesburg and a PhD in International Relations from Wits University, Johannesburg. He is Wits School of Governance Academic Director and the Director of its Centre for Defence and Security Management. Until 2014, he held the position of Assistant Dean (of Research) for the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at Wits. Anthoni has participated in several scenarios development exercises, and has broad experience with advising African policymakers on foreign and national security policy processes and frameworks. He serves as editorial board member of the accredited journals African Security, Administratio Publica and European Journal of International Studies. In 2013, he received recognition by the National Research Foundation. Dr. Mxolisi Notshulwana holds a BA in Political Science from the University of Pennsylvania; a MSc. in International Policy (IP) from the University of Bristol and a Ph.D. in Regional Integration from Wits University. He is currently based at the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) as a Senior Specialist - Infrastructure Programme. Previously, he was a senior manager in the South African Government and Head of Policy Directorate at the Government Communication and Information System (GCIS). Additionally, Mxolisi had a short teaching career at the University of Fort Hare as well as at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), lecturing political economy, regional integration, international political economy and political science. Mxolisi occasionally publishes articles in the Thinker Magazine on regional integration, BRICS and on developments in the infrastructure space in Africa. Dr. Motlamelle Anthony Kapa obtained a BA in Political Science and Public Administration from the National University of Lesotho (NUL) in 2002; a MA in Political Science from the University of Toronto, Canada in 2005, and PhD in Politics from Rhodes University, South Africa in 2011. Since 2002, he is a Senior Lecturer and Head of Department of Political & Administrative Studies at the NUL. His professional activities include examination of theses and dissertations for the NUL, the University of South Africa and University of KwaZulu-Natal; consulting services on governance issues in Lesotho for the government of Lesotho and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa (EISA);Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) and briefing international elections observer missions. Motlamelle has publications in the areas of elections and conflict; political parties and coalitions; traditional leadership and local government. Dr. Mark Shaw holds a PhD from the University of the Witwatersrand and is a National Research Foundation Professor of Justice and Security at the Centre of Criminology, University of Cape Town. He is also Director of the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime in Geneva and Senior Visiting Fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) IDEAS International Drug Policy Project. Prior to joining UCT he previously worked in a number of senior positions for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. In South Africa, he has held a number of positions in government, civil society and think tanks. Mark has just completed a book on the evolution of organised crime in South Africa, which is due out in 2017. He is currently writing a study of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime. Dr. Lucy Shule holds an M.A in Political Science from the University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and a Ph.D from the University of Newcastle (Australia). She works at the Mozambique-Tanzania Centre for Foreign Relations and has since 2005 served as a Researcher/Lecturer in the Southern African Defence and Security Management (SADSEM) Network. Additionally, she is a guest lecturer and served as an external examiner to a number of academic and training institutions. Lucy’s research interests and the focus of her publications are on foreign policy, gender, international political economy, conflict resolution as well as other aspects of defence and security. Catherine Moat holds a MA (Econ) from the University of Manchester’s Institute of Development Policy and Management. She is an emerging researcher after spending two decades in the practitioner space. She is currently pursuing PhD studies at the University of Konstanz where her research focuses on governance responses to transnational organized crime. Before undertaking PhD research in 2016, Catherine headed the Public Safety Programme at the Wits School of Governance where she managed the executive education, research and outreach of the programme that covered diverse topics in the criminal justice, public safety, and policing. In addition, she convened the Post-graduate Diploma in Security and continues to teach the Public security and Justice module of the programme. Francis A. Kornegay, Jr. is a senior researcher and geopolitical analyst with a BA in political science from the University of Michigan and a Master’s degree in African studies from Howard University and another in international public policy from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). He is an alumnus of the Smithsonian’s Woodrow Wilson International Centre of Scholars and is senior research associate at the Institute for Global Dialogue (IGD) associated with the University of South Africa in Tshwane. He has been a Bradlow Fellow of the South African Institute of African Affairs, in charge of the organization of the Centre for Africa’s International Relations in the Department of International Relations, University of the Witwatersrand and a senior Anthoni van Nieuwkerk and Catherine Moat 5 researcher on foreign affairs with the former Centre for Policy Studies. Widely published on a range of political and international relations and foreign policy themes, Kornegay was the guest special editor of a 2015-2016 double issue series of the journal under the theme ‘Governance and Maritime Security in the Indian and South Atlantic Oceans.’ Dimpho Motsamai holds an MA in International
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