The Crickets of New Caledonia (Gryllidae) Author(S): Daniel Otte, Richard D

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The Crickets of New Caledonia (Gryllidae) Author(s): Daniel Otte, Richard D. Alexander, William Cade Source: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 139, No. 1 (1987), pp. 375-457 Published by: Academy of Natural Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064904 Accessed: 17/06/2010 02:31

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http://www.jstor.org Proceedings of The Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia139: 375457, 1987

The Cricketsof New Caledonia(Gryllidae)

DANIELOTTE Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

RICHARDD. ALEXANDER Museum of Zoology, Universityof Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

WILLIAMCADE Biological Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada

ABSTRACr.-In New Caledonia the family Gryllidae is representedby 12 subfamilies, 28 genera and at least 87 species. In this work we describenine new genera and55 new species. The New Caledonian fauna, though close to Australia, is very distinctive and is representedby several species groups (Notosciobia, Koghiella, Tremellia,Agnotecous, Adenopterus, Archenopterus, Calscirtus, and Matu- anus) which have radiatedon the island.Much of this faunaseems to have radiatedalong the now mainly submarineNorfolk Ridge,[New Caledonia,crickets, Gryllidae, new species, songs, systematics, types]

HISTORY OF NEW CALEDONIA Rise). It laterfused to become a partof the active eastern margin of the much larger Australian The islandof New Caledonia,centrally located plate which was moving in a northerlydirection amongthe submarineridges, marginalbasins, into the Pacific Plate, and was accompanied by andisland arcs of theSouth West Pacific forms a the emergence of land along its eastern margins. majorlink in thechain of islandsrunning between The block now contains two marine ridges, New Guineaand New Zealand.It is situatedon unitedin the south in the vicinity of westernNew a submergedridge which is partof the former Zealand. The more eastern Norfolk Ridge runs tectonicblock that detached from Austro-Antarc- from New Zealand to New Caledonia and in- tica between78 and56 millionyears ago. The cludes NorfolkIsland near its center.The western blockwas split by the New Caledonia B asin, now ridge, theLord Howe Rise, runs from New Zeal- locatedbetween Norfolk and Lord Howe islands, andin aNNW directiontowards Queensland, but about 65 m.y. ago (Ballance 1980; Coleman then at Lord Howe Island bends north to the 1980). This was a relatively shortlivedplate ChesterfieldReefs. New Caledoniais partof the whichgrew in surfacethrough the formationof Inner Melanesian Arc (Carey 1938b; Glaessner new sea floor along its westernand southern 1950) which extends from the easternmost point margins (between Australiaand Lord Howe of New Guinea through New Caledonia and

375 376 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

1. New Caledonia 2. Loyalty Islands 3. Lord Howe Island 4. Norfolk Island 5. New Zealand 6. Solomon Islands 7. Vanuatu 8. Fiji 9. Samoa 10. Chesterfield Reefs

4 4 j2

FI.1.Psiin fNe aldna nth ouhes acfc

Tasman Sea

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Norfolk Island to New Zealand. This arcis much neighbors are Vanuatu (the New Hebrides) 480 older than anotherarc to the northwhich devel- kmNNE andtheLoyalty Islandsless than 150km oped when a new front was establishedbetween to the east. This narrow island (ca.390 km long Australian and Pacific plates; the newer Outer and on averge 50 km wide) is much older than Melanesian Arc extends from northern New neighboringisland groups. Its geological history Guinea through New Britain, the Solomons, relates more to northernNew Zealand and south- Vanuatu,Fiji, and Samoa, then southwardsto the east New Guinea. Its mountainousterrain, made KermadecGroup. up of ultramaficrocks, was producedthrough sea Today New Caledoniais a FrenchTerritory in floor overthrustfrom the east sometime in the the southwest Pacific positioned at approxi- middle of the Tertiary.The three highest points mately 21S 166E; it lies about a thousandmiles are Mt Panie (1628m) in the north, Me Maoya northeastof Brisbane, Australia,and a thousand (iSOOm) in the center, and Mt Humboldt miles NNE of New Zealand. Its nearest island (1618m) in the south. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 377

New Caledoniais one of theolder land masses larly in New Guinea,though some elements were in Australasia.The first emergence of landin the restrictedto certainhabitats such as high altitudes areawas probablyin the upperJurassic. Creta- or poor soils. In such habitatsthe flora has held ceousdeposits contain coal and suggest that alter- its own and has even advanced westwards into nationof landand marine facies took place until the OrientalRegion. furtherepisodes of upliftoccurred in theEocene, afterwhich land in thearea was probably always CONNECTIONSTOAUSTRALIA presentin greateror lesseramounts. This would meanthat land was in existenceat thetime of the The more ancient southern elements in New dispersalof Gondwanalandfrom the beginning Caledonia are most evident in the groups with of the Cretacousonwards and could be reflected poor powers of dispersalsuch as, among insects, in the compositionof the floraand fauna. the Ephemeropteraand Cerambycidae,but much New Caledoniais notedfor its old,diverse and less so in the more dispersive ones such as the highlyendemic flora. Itcontains many presumed Lepidopteraand to some extent the birds (Hol- relictsfrom a CretaceousAustralasian-Antarctic loway 1977). These old connections are pre- flora which probablyreached New Caledonia dominantlywith Australiaor with Australiaand beforethe openingof the TasmanSea. Thatsea New Zealand together, particularyin the flora. subsequentdyisolated the islandfrom the rain- There are few exclusive connections with New forest taxa flowing into Australasiafrom the Zealand,except in some insect groups such as the Orientaltropics. The New Zealandflora may Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Ceram- have arisenin a similarmanner and was also bycidae. Phytogeographicpatterns suggest that shieldedfrom competitionfrom new invaders exclusive links between New Caledonia and fromthe north. New Zealand could have arisen through the Moremodem taxa did reachNew Caledonia, extinction of Australian representatives during some directlyfrom Australia,possibly mainly the increaseof aridityand the consequentrestric- duringperiodic exposures of the Chesterfield tion of rainforests on the Australian continent Reefs, but mostly throughassociation with the throughout the later Tertiary. Such extinction InnerMelanesian Arc fromNew Guinea. would have been most likely in groupsdependent As Australiamoved northwards,Indo-Ma- on tropical rainforest conditions (Holloway layanelements began to penetrateit in theearly 1977). Tertiary,and this increased greatly in theclosing Colonization of New Caledonia from Austra- stagesof the Oligocene.Before and duringthe lia may have occurred on several occasions Miocene, access to Australasiawas probably throughthe ChesterfieldIslands and almost cer- mainlyfrom China via Taiwan,the Philippines, tainly did during recent glaciations. andthe OuterMelanesian Arc, thento parts of the For highly disperisve groups of Lepidoptera innerArc andAustralia. the presence of these stepping stones was not Priorto theinflux of Indo-Malayanelements a essential, as indicated by the number of vagrant Melanesianbiota had established itself all along Australianspecies of Macroheterocerarecorded the innerMelanesian Arc as shownby similari- on Norfolk over a period of six years (Holloway ties betweenthe vegetationof subtropicalNew 1977). Zealand,montane New Caledoniaand highland A chain of islands on the LordHowe Rise may New Guinea. As the land area increasedin have provided a route for interchange between Indonesiain the Plioceneand Pleistocene, nu- New Caledonia and New Zealand. merous more competitivebut less dispersive The floristic and faunisticdifferences between Orientalplant taxa moved into Melanesiaand New Caledonia and Fiji are large and Vanuatu, displacedmuch of theMelanesian flora, particu- though much closer to New Caledonia, has a 378 D. O1TE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

%~~~~~~~~~

FIG. 2. New Caledonia, showing general relief. biotawhich is muchmore closely relatedto that teredNew Caledoniaalong the Inner Melanesian of Fiji. Arccannot be determineduntil the New Guinea faunais studied.We knowonly thatsuperfically ORIGINOF CRICKET FAUNA similarcrickets occur in New Guineaand the westernSolomons, but these have not been ex- The cricketsof New Caledoniacan be divided aminedin detail.We havenot found this group in intotwo elements: the endemic groups which are Fiji, Samoa,Guadalcanal, or in the CarolineIs- nowrestricted to theisland and the recent disper- lands. sives which are widely distributedover the Notosciobiashows a primaryand secondary SouthwestPacific. radiation;at least 15 species can be assignedto Widespreadand highly dispersive groups threespecies groups. Our sampling of the genus whichshow no evidenceof havingspeciated on must be consideredpreliminary and it is likely New Caledoniamay have been introducedrela- thatmany more species will be found. tively recentlyon the island. Some may have beencarried there by man,but others are strong Gryllinae fliersand may have migrated there on theirown. The Gryllinaehave enternedNew Caledonia It seemsmore likely that they were introduced by relativelyrecently. Only three species are known humans,because they commonlyinhabit areas to occur there and all are widespreadin the tranformedby humans.Some may have been southwestPacific and Australia. There is, as yet, includedin freightcarried to theislands over the no evidenceof songand morphological differen- last 100years or so, or theireggs couldhave been tiation there. By contrastthe Gryllinaehave transportedin soil or in plantsimported there. penetratedmuch further along the Outer Melane- sian Arc as faras Fiji. Brachytrupinae New Caledoniahas butone genus,Notosciobia, Gryllini which is relatedto AustralianCephalogryllus The genus Teleogryllusranges throughout andmight even be consideredcongeneric with it. sub-SaharanAfrica, then eastwards through Whetherit came directlyfrom Australiaor en- southernAsia to Chinaand Japan, all of South- CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 379

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east Asia, Australia, and the Pacific as far as tribesof Nemobiinae,namely the Nemobiini and Hawaii. The highest diversity is in Africa where Thetellini.The formeris also knownfrom Lord at least three levels of radiationcan be discerned. Howe Island,Norfolk Island, New Zealand,and OnlyGryllusin this subfamily has a wider distri- Australia.The lattertribe is oceanicand ranges bution. Among other groups only Gryllotalpa, throughmuch of the Indianand Pacific oceans. Anaxipha,Pteronemobius and Oecanthushave The radiationof the Nemobiiniseems to be re- ranges of equivalent or greatersize. Two species lated to the breakupof the easternedge of the occur on New Caledonia. T. oceanicus occurs Australianplate and the subsequent formation of throughmuch of the western Pacific and extends the InnerMelanesian Arc. from Australia to Tahiti, and from the Caroline Islands to Hawaii. In the south it extends to Nemobiini Norfolk island. T. marini is known from eastern Bobillais widespreadover southeasternAus- Australia, Fiji, and Samoa. The distribution of traliaand is alsoknown from southwestern Aus- these two species in New Guinea and westwards tralia,Tasmania, and New Zealand. In New is not yet known, but it is possible that they are Caledoniait is representedby two species, but widespread in Indomalaysia. additionalspecies will probablybe found.It does not occuron LordHowe or Norfolkislands. Modicogryllini Koghiellais endemicto New Caledonia,but Lepidogryllusis the only member of this tribe closely relatedto Ignambina,also from New in New Caledonia.The only species, Lepido- Caledoniaand Dictyonemobius from Lord gryllus comparatus, is also known from Austra- Howe andNorfolk islands. The genus displays lia and has reached as far east as Norfolk Island, two levels of radiationin New Caledoniaand is New Caledonia, and the eastern Solomons. It is probablyderived from the morewidely distrib- probably on New Guinea and Vanuatu as well. utedBobilla. We did not find it in Fiji, Samoa, or the Caroline Amonemwbius.The placementof this species islands. close to Koghiellais tentative,and is basedprin- cipailyon theclose resemblance of theforewings Nemobiinae to thoseof Koghiella. New Caledonia possesses two of three known 380 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Paniella andFikola. The positions of these Pentacentrinae genera are uncertain,especially the latter,which This subfamily, though abundantin the region is based on a single female. It may represent a north of Australia, has not been found in New wingless relative of Koghiella. Caledonia or any other western or southwestern Pacific islands. This is surprisingin view of the Thetellini fact that many species are macropterus. Two This tribe is presently known to extend from species are known from Australia. the east coast of Africa across to northernAus- talia and eastwardsto Hawaii. It has not yet been Phalangopsinae collected near the Americancoasts, but may well This entirely flighdess subfamily is very capable extend across the entirePacific. The membersof of crossing majorbodies of water, though how it this tribe are found along rocky and coral shore- does so remains a mystery. It is representedin lines and are usually found in the splash zone. New Caledonia by a single genus, Caltathra, However, in Hawaii and on Krakatauthey are which seems most closely related to Tathraand also found on lava flows and in lava caves distant Endotariaof AustraliaandNesitathra of Norfolk from the sea. Presently the tribe comprises the Island. We do not yet know enough about the generaThetella, Apteronemobius,Caconemo- subfamily in New Guinea or in the Outer Mela- bius, Ionemobius and perhapsOrintia. The last nesian Arc to say anything about how the group genus, recently describedby Gorochov(1986) is, reached New Caledonia. The subfamily is also unfortunately,represented only by a single fe- representedin the Southwest Pacific by Howeta male. andEndacusta on Lord Howe Island. Quite possibly these islands acquiredthese crickets early, Trigonidiinae during the breakup of the Australian plate. The Trigonidiinae have spread far and wide Though not generically diverse, the group is across the Pacific and are known from most speciose in Australia.We have recentlyfound the islands. In some island systems they have speci- subfamily on Yap and Ponape in the Caroline ated to an extreme degree and make up the bulk islands. The subfamily has not been found on of the fauna(Hawaii, Fiji, andothers). New Cale- New Zealand, but may very well be found in the donia, however, presents a puzzle, for the sub- forests of North Island. family is poorly represented there. We found only three species, two of which (Trigonidomor- Itarinae pha sjostedi andMetioche vittaticollis) arewide- The origin of the only genus, Tremellia, is un- spread in Australia and the Pacific. The only known and open to speculation. Australia itself other species, Anaxipha caledonica, though has only one species and therefore seems an common on the island, appears to be the only unlikelysource. The presence of Tremelliain the endemic member of this subfamily. Why is such Philippinesand on Java suggests thatit may have a highly dispersive group not betterrepresented come to New Caledonia via New Guinea and the in New Caledonia? Did the group reach New Inner Melanesian Arc. The subfamily, but not Caledonia very late, or did it encounter well the genus, is presenton Fiji but not Samoa. New entrenchedgroups of crickets which had already Caledoniahas five species of Tremellia, but it is usurped the normal trigonidiineniches? Anax- likely that many additional species occur in the ipha caledonica is now flightless and lives in the rain forests. native forests, suggesting that it was not brought in by humans. Euscirtinae The membersof this tribeare known from Africa to easternAsia and Australia.The last continent CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 381 contains five genera: Euscyrtus, Merrinella, dasummaof Australia,though the genitaliaand Turana, Tozeria, and Patiscus. Little is known thebody shape suggest that it is not derivedfrom aboutthis groupnorth of Australiaand it is not either.Calscirtus is confinedto New Caledonia known to extend along the OuterMelanesian andis representedby threespecies, though many Arc. New Caledoniahas only one genus and morespecies probably exist in the rainforests. It species (Proturanasubaptera). It is quite similar is mostcloselyrelated toInsulascirtus, agenus of to Merrinellain Australia.This group is not wingless species fromLord Howe Island(five knownin theeastern Solomon islands, Fiji, or the species)and Norfolk Island (two species). CarolineIslands. Adenopterusand Archenopterus.Adenopterus waspreviously known only from Norfolk Island, Eneopterinae thoughone species, previouslyunder Munda, Two generaof this world-widegroup reached had been describedfrom New Caledonia.The New Caledoniaand one of them has radiated presentdistribution of the genusis New Caledo- there.Agnotecous, seems most closely related to nia (15 species),Loyalty Islands (one species), the Australian and Indomalasian genus andNorfolk Island (one species). It is relatedand Lebinthus and Lebinthus-like genera from the probablyderived from the new genusArchenop- easternSolomons and from the western Caroline teruswhich is knownonly fromNew Caledonia islands.It seems likely thatthe genus came by (six species).These genera are notclosely similar way of theInner Melanesian Arc and not directly to anyAustralian genera, andhave severalvery fromAustralia whereLebinthus is representedby odd morphologicalcharacteristics not seen any- only two species. Lebinthus-likeeneopterines where else in the world. This group, like areabsent from Fiji andSamoa. Calscirtus and Insulascirtus, radiated in the The other genus, Cardiodactylus,is wide- centralInner Melanesian Arc. spreadthrough the westernPacific. It is especially prevalentin New Guineaand along the Oecanthinae OuterMelanesian Arc, to Fiji andSamoa, and is Aside from a single introduced,or, perhaps, also presentin New Guinea and the western recent immigrant (Oecanthus ru4fescens),tree CarolineIslands. We found a single species in cricketsare absentfrom New Caledonia.This New Caledonia.One species is known from stateof affairsis reminiscentof Trigonidiinae. Austalia.The genusevidently does not extend 0. rufescensis widespreadin Australiaand also beyondNew Caledonia. knownfrom the eastern Solomons and Fiji. Tree cricketsare also absentfrom Fiji (exceptfor the Podoscirtinae above-noted0. rufescens)and from Samoa; nor This subfamilyis representedin New Caledonia have they reachedthe CarolineIslands (Palau, by five genera;three of them are endemic,an- Yap, Ponape).Two genera have speciatedin other is sharedwith Norfolk island;and only Australiaand New Guinea,so it is surprisingthat Aphonoidesextends outside of theInner Melane- thesubfamily has not reached New Caledoniaor sian Arc. Fiji. It is especiallysurprising since the Oecan- Aphonoides.is widespreadin Australiaand thines have undergonethree to four levels of New Guinea.It has not yet been seen in New radiationin Hawaii.The absenceof the subfam- Caledonia,but since one species has been col- ily in thesouthwest Pacific suggests perhaps that lectedin theLoyalty Islands, it is likelyto occur treecrickets reached Hawaii from the Americas. on New Caledoniaas well. Calscirtus andInsulascirtus. This clade radi- Pteroplistinae atedin thecentral Inner Melanesian Arc. Super- Thissubfamily extends from India to Fijiand into ficially it is similar to Tamborinaand Ma- the westernCaroline islands (Palau). It has not 382 D. OITE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE yet beenfound along the InnerMelanesian Arc. MORPHOLOGICALABBREVIATIONS Mogoplistinae Scalycrickets are well representedin New Cale- M male donia.The taxonomyof thisgroup is verydiffi- MN malenymph cult andwe havenot included them in thiswork. F female Severalspecies appear to resemblespecies from FN femalenymph the mangrovesin Queensland.Mogoplistines RW rostralwidth (measured at anteriorex havepenentrated most of thePacific islands in- tremity) spite of the fact thatno membersfly. Probably SW scapewidth (width of basalantennal theireggs aredeposited in wood andare carried segment) fromisland to island. PL pronotallength (measured along the midline) Gryllotalpinae PW pronotalwidth (greatest width) We didnot encounter mole crickets in spiteof the FWL forewinglength (greatest length from fact that we often listenedfor them in places posteriormargin of pronotum which seemedsuitable. Chopard(1915), how- ML mirrorlength (greatest overall longitu ever, lists Gryllotalpaaustralis (Erichson)from dinallength) the LoyaltyIslands. The subfamilyseems to be MW mirrorwidth (greatestoverall horizon largelyabsent from the southwest Pacific islands tal length) (New Caledonia,Fiji, Samoa), which is surpris- FL hindfemur length ing sinceit haspenetrated the Caroline Islands as FW hindfemur width (greatest width) far as Ponape. New Zealandhas the genusTri- TL tibiallength (not including apical spurs) amescaptor. CL cercallength OL ovipositorlength (measured from upper Myrmecophilinae baseof ovipositorto tip) Althoughthis group is world-widein distribution SPS spermatophoresac. it is not knownfrom in New Caledonia.How- MAPs muscleattachment plate (two drop- ever,we madeno concertedeffort to findit and shapedmarkings in anteriorhalf of believe that it will eventuallybe found in ant pronotaldisk. nests. p/s pulsesper second MUSEUMDEPOSITORIES ch/s chirpsper second chL chirplength KHz frequencyin kiloherz ANNARBOR: University of Michigan Museumof ?C degreescentigrade Zoology BASEL:Naturhistorishes Museum BUDAPEST:Zoological Department,Hungarian NaturalHistory Museum COLLECTINGSITES HONOLULU:Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hon- 3. Ducos Penisula, near Noumea, dry brushy olulu roadside,26 ii 1983. LENINGRAD: of Zoological Institute, Academy 4. Yahoue,near Noumea, forest and stream, 27 USSR Sciences, ii 1983. PHILADELPHIA:Academy of NaturalSciences of 5. Mount Koghi, west slope of Mount Bouo, Philadelphia tall rainforest,27 11 1983. VIENNA:Naturhistorishes Museum 6. East coast, about 12 km southeast of Thio, CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 383

forestalong beach, 28 ii1983. 33. streamnearGoipin,northwestofN6kia and 7. Negropo,near Canala, disturbed forest, l iii Poya, stream and forest, 8 iii 1983. 1983. 8. 14 km west of Canala,1 iii 1983. 10. 25km westof Canala,road through forest, 1 LIST OF SPECIES iii 1983. 11. 27 kmwest of Canala,road through forest, 1 Brachytrupinae iii 1983. Cephalogryllini 12. 28 kmwest of Canala,road through forest, 1 Notosciobia Chopard iii 1983. Nola-Group---- 1 nola Otte, n. sp. 13. 34 km westof Canala,road through forest, goipina Otte, n. sp. iii 1983. canala Otte, n. sp. 14. Poe Beach,West of Borail,beach area, 1 iii paranola Otte, Otte, n. sp. 1983. thiensis Otte, n. sp. 15. 43 km west of Houaiou, forest,2 iii 1983. animata Otte, n. sp. 16. 40 km west of Houailou,forest, 2 iii 1983. puebensis Otte, n. sp. 17. TenembaRiver Valley, east of Tenemba, oubatchia Otte, n. sp. nearPonerihouen, 3 iii 1983. rouxi Chopard 18. Tiete,north side of Poindimie,beach, 3 iii velutina Chopard 1983. lifouensis Gorochov 1986 (from 19. AmoaRiver Valley, near Poindimie, grassy Cephalogryllus) Poya Group iii roadside,3 1983. poya Otte, n. sp. 20. AmoaRiver Valley, 3km west of mainroad, FaustaGroup nearPoindimie, 3 iii 1983. fausta Otte, n. sp. 21. Amoa River Valley, 6.4 km west of main rex Otte, n. sp. road,near Poindimie, forest, 3 iii 1983. hirsuta Otte, n. sp. 22. Amoa River Valley, 8.4 km west of main Tape recordedspecies road,near Poindimie, forest, 3 iii 1983. [konensis] song species 23. TiwakaRiver Valley, 5 km west of main [parapoyal song species road,near Poindimiei, 3 iii 1983. 24. Hienghene,grottoes south of town, near Gryllinae beach,5 iii 1983. Gryllini km 5 iii Teleogrylius 25. Hienghene,ca. 4 west of bridge, oceanicus (Le Guillou) 1983. marini Otte & Alexander 26. about10 km southeastof Oubatche,coastal forest,6 iii 1983. Modicogryllini 27. about17 km southeastof Oubatche,coastal Lepidogryllus Otte and Alexander forest,6 iii 1983. comparatus (Walker) 28. about 14.9 km southeast of Oubatche, Gryllus lepidoides Chopard1915: 138. coastalforest, 6 iii 1983. Synonym of Lepidogryllus comparatus 29. Koumac,grottoes area, 7 kmeast of town,7 Walker iii 1983. 30. mountainforest above Kone, road to Panaki, Nemobiinae 7 iii 1983. Nemobiini Bobilla Otte & Alexander iii 31. beachwest of Kone,PlagedeFoe, 8 1983. avita Otte, n. sp. 32. nearNtlial, 8 iii 1983. pacifica Gorochov 1986 (from Bullita) 384 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Koghiella Otte, n. gen. bouo Otte, n. sp. Eneopterinae parabouo Otte, n. sp. Agnotecous Saussure semibouo Otte, n. sp. obscurus Chopard1970 (from Lebinthus) thio Otte, n. sp. yahoue Otte, n. sp. caledonica Chopard1970 (fromDictyonemo tapinopus Saussure 1978 bius) brachypterus Gorochov 1986 Ignambina Otte, n. gen. novaecaledoniae Gorochov 1986 oubatchia Otte, n. sp. robusta (Chopard1915) (from Eurepa) Amonemobius Otte, n. gen. Cardiodactylus Saussure vexans Otte, n. sp. novae-guineae (de Haan) Panielia Otte, n. gen. apterus (Chopard)(from Nemobius (Prone Euscyrtinae mobius)) Apteronemobius Chopard Proturana Otte, n. gen. Paora Gorochov 1986 (new synonym) subaptera (Chopard1970) from gusevae Gorochov 1986 Euscyrtus Thetellini Ionemobius Otte, n. gen. Podoscirtinae alliciens Otte, n. sp Adenopterus Chopard Fikola Gorochov 1986 Peltia Gorochov 1986 (new synonym) fusca Gorochov 1986 Kraussi Group Orintia Gorochov 1986 kraussi Otte, n. sp. incrustata Gorochov 1986 sylvaticus Otte, n. sp. Trigonidiinae sarasini Chopard(from Munda) Trigonidomorpha Chopard rouxi Chopard(from Munda) sjostedti Chopard roseola Gorochov 1986 (from Peltia) Metioche caledonicus Otte, n. sp. vittaticollis Stal dumbeus Otte, n. sp. flavipes Saussure confixus Otte, n. sp. Anaxipha Saussure dubius Otte, n. sp. caledonica Otte, n. sp. perplexus Otte, n. sp. paraperplexus Otte, n. sp. Phalangopsinae euperplexus Otte, n. sp. Caltathra Otte, n. gen. SarrameusGroup dubia Chopard(from Endacustes) sarrameus n. steinmanni Gorochov 1986 Otte, sp. panaki Otte, n. sp. yahouensis Otte, n. sp. tchambicus Otte, n. sp. Itarinae admirandus Otte, n. sp. Tremellia Stal Crouensis Group sarasini (Chopard1915) crouensis Otte, n. sp. caledonica Otte, n. sp. lifouensis Otte, n. sp. alpha Otte, n. sp. saussurei (Chopard)(fromMunda) beta Otte, n. sp. baloghi Gorochov 1986 tiwaka Otte, n. sp. Archenopterus Otte, n. gen. gressitti Otte, n. sp. maai Otte, n. sp. hemipteroides Otte, n. sp. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 385

bouensis Otte, n. sp. BRACHYTRUPINAE amoensis Otte, n. sp. Cephalogryllini hemiphonus Otte, n. sp. Aphonoides Chopard NOTOSCIOBIAChopard ouveus Otte, n. sp. Calscirtus n. gen. NotosciobiaChopard 1915: 140. Type species: amoa Otte, n. sp. N. rouxiChopard (New Caledonia). paniensis Otte, n. sp. timbiensis Otte, n. sp. RECOGNITIONOF GENUS. Male epiphallus Matuanus Gorochov 1986 bilobed, separatedby a wide U-shaped gap; lobes priapus (Saussure)(fromMunda) terminatingin points; spermatophoretube mold elegans Otte, n. sp. long or short; ectoparameresvariable in shape; caledonicus (Saussure) (from virga usually very long and slender, short in Aphonoides) slenderin the Poya Group. Pronotumlonger than flavomaculatus Gorochov 1986 wide, with a distinct groove in the posterior half neoplumus Otte, n. sp. of each laterallobe; with roughlyparallel sides or rufidulus (Saussure)(fromMunda) front of pronotum wider than posterior. Fore- wings with an incomplete mirror (or a mirror Oecanthinae with poorly defined posteriormargin and mostly Oecanthus rufescens Serville filled with cells)(usually with well defined posterior margin and not divided into cells in Gryllotalpinae Australian Cephalogryllus. Hind tibiae short. Gryllotalpa australis (Erichson) Pronotum and legs very pubescent. Without hindwings. Dorsum of abdomen with a row of Nomina Dubia small narrowdark horizontal lines runninglater- Podoscirtinae ally on each tergite. Legs usually very light Tapinopus platyceps Saussure brown, tibiae slightly darker and with a dark (type lost?, replacementspecimen is from brown on lower face. Tympana present only on southernAfrica) outerface. Withouta medianocellus, althoughin some species the location of the ocellus is still Other species listed from New Caledonia evident. Occiput, entire pronotum, legs and abdomen covered with short fine pubescence. Hindwings absent. Fore- and middle tibiae with Munda insularis Saussure 1878: 639. This species is 3 and 4 apical spurs respectively. listed from Fiji and New Caledonia(the latterspeci- BIOLOGY.All species in this genus have been men from the Vienna museum was called a variety found in leaf litter on the forest floor and all were belongs to Adenopteruscrouensis n.sp.) found in wet forest on the crest of the mountainor in moist ravines. They were found at sea level Munda tacita (Saussure).The species was described only on the windwardside of the island. Some of from "New Guinea ?" Chopard 1967 lists it from the species live in burrowsin the juvenile stages New Caledonia, but it is very doubtfulthat it occurs and adultsof several species were also associated there. with burrows where they were found with nymphsof all stages. Several species were found Teleogryllus commodus Walker listed from New under rotting logs. The songs are all relatively Caledonia is probablyT. oceanicus or T. marini. simple and are often given in bursts, such that long silent periods alternatewith periods when a 386 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE numberof males sing simultaneously.In some speciesmales that sing near one anotheralternate in the productionof songs.

Nola Group

Distinguishedfrom the Poya Group by theshape of the epiphalliclobes and the largesize of the spermatophoretube mold.

Notosciobianola Otte,n. sp.

qUI ~ ~ I TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,Yahou6, nearNoumea, forest floor, 27 ii 1983(Alexander, I, Cade& Otte#4). ANN ARBOR. RECOGNITION.Figs.4, 6A, 7. Tables1, 2. Song consistingof short trainsof rapidlydelivered pairsof pulses. Harpwith threeveins. Unlike paranolaeach ectoparamere is distincdybilobed attheapex, epiphallus with amore V-shaped gap, fle with fewer than 100 teeth. Ectoparameres mostsimilar to goipina,but differs in songand in havingfewer than 100 teeth. Differs fromcanala in havingexcised ectoparameres and in themale FIG.3. Notosciobiaanimata male. song. der,Cade & Otte).ANN ARBOR. Males:Large for genus. Headand pronotum RECOGNITION.Figs. 4, 6B, 8. Tables1, 2. Most darkbrown to black.Wings and abdomengre- similarto nola (genitalialargely indistinguish- yish-brown.Head: dorsum dark brown to black; able)but file withmore than 100 teeth, and song face andcheeks dark brown. Pronotum: dorsum withhigher pulse andchirp rates. darkbrown to black,MAPs reddish. Forewings: Males:Large for genus. Headand pronotum darkbrown to blackin basaland apical areas and darkbrown to black.Pronotum: dorsum wider in lateralfield. Hindfemorawith brown oblique anteriorthan posterior end, darkreddish brown, stripeson outerface; regionjust beforeknees MAPsreddish brown; lateral lobes darkreddish darkbrown; tibiae mostly dark brown. brownto black. Forewings:dorsum dark brown SONG. Shorttrains of rapidlydelivered pairs of to blackin basaland apical areas and on lateral pulses(Fig. 4). field. Abdomen:spotted and blotchy with gray HABITAT.Several males were heard singing on and dark brown;venter pale, subgenitalplate a forestedbank. We oneof themthat steep caught brown.Legs all pale. Hindfemorawith rows of was hiddenbeneath rotting logs. smallbrown markings. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANN ARBOR. HABITAT.Collected in foreston a bankabove a smallcreek where it was foundin leaf litter. Notosciobiagoipina Otte, n. sp. SONG. Shortgroups of double-pulsechirps. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANN ARBOR.Para- TYPE. HolotypeM, New Caledonia,40 km types: (PHILADELPHIAand ANN ARBOR) Same westof Houailou,rain forest, 2 iii 1983(Alexan- dataas holotype,2M. NearGoipin, northwest of CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 387

nola 1V WJ 1+ I~ W 1+ W n OlaLocW s\4 1W W W W 1

goipina t~~~ 'I i~~~~~~LocB 15

thiensis Loc6

LI11 1X W is I animata Loc 27

~~ * ~ * LI LI ~ LI~ ~ k animata I, ~~~~j~~y vy ~~~~~r H H ~~~~LocI 27 alternating

V 11 1 si!s11 11 l 1t1Y Ipuebensis Loc 28

i~iYi ~ ~l ~ ~ t~ II~~IhIt ~ ~iv ~ puebensis ~~~~~Loc28

canala Loc I1

\ \1 \ lt lC \\1\ iX81 i l \\81 \\% \1 01 |canala alternating Loc 11

poya Loc 33

[parapoya] Loc 22

FIG. 4. Notosciobia songs in the Nola and Poya groups. For animata and canala the songs of soloing and al- ternatingmales are shown (Loc, locality where recordingwas made). 388 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Table 1. Comparisonof Notosciobia species. (For abbreviationssee Methods).

No. BL FL CL FWIJPL TJFL Subapical file spurs teeth in./out.

nola HM 97 23 13.5 11 1.92 0.54 6/6 goiina NM 109 25 14 9.5 1.98 0.54 6/6 PM Locl6 109 23 12.9 - - - - PM Loc33 102 27 14 7.7 1.75 0.57 6/6 thiensis iM 123 19 11.2 7.5 2.7 0.58 6/5 PF 21 10.5 6/5 PF 19 11 6/6 paranola NM 111 24 15 9.5 2.5 - 6/6

HM 103 15 9 5.4 2.36 0.56 6/5 FM 103 14 8.5 5.2 2.4 6/6 FM 110 14.8 8.7 0.55 7/6 FM 108 14.5 9 5.7 2.36 6/6 PF 15 8.5 5.9 5/6 oubatchia HM 79 14 9.3 6.8 2.1 0.51 4,5/5,6

HM 96 24 13.5 8.3 1.89 0.53 6/7 puebensis HM 98 17 9.8 6 2.4 0.54 6/5 roaxi NM 100 24 15 11 1.43 0.59 6/5 velutina NM 67 17 12 7.2 1.4 0.41 5/6 poya NM ca. 140 14.5 9 5.7 3.09 - 5,5/3,4 fausta HM 88 14.5 8.4 5.6 1.75 0.57 4/3 rex NM 65 16 9.6 - 1.71 - 5/5 hirsuta HM 70 14 8 5 2.14 - 5/4 CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 389

W" * * |hirsuta Loc 6

hirsuta Loc 6

fausta L-oc4

rex 'IIlhIlll Loc 13

oubatchia Loc 25

[konensis]Loc 30

4 1111 810 liiX 10 li ||| 8811[konensis] FIG. 5. Notosciobia songs inLoc 30

FIG. 5. Notosciobiasongs in theFausta Group.

N6kiaiand Poya, 8 iii 1983(Alexander, Cade & similarto goipina and nola, but ectoparameres Otte#) 1M. withouta ventraldepression at apex, and song consistingof a continuoustrain of double-pulse chirps. Notosciobiacanala Otte, n. sp. Male:Head: dorsum dark reddish brown; face darkreddish brown. Pronotum: dorsum slightely TYPE. HolotypeM, New Caledonia,ca. 28 km lighterthan head, with red MAPs. Forewings: w of Canala,1 iii 1983(Alexander, Cade & Otte). ligherbrown in centralarea dark brown in basal PHILADELPHIA. andapical areas and on lateralfield. Abdomen: RECOGNITION.Figs. 4, 6K,9. Table1, 2. Most mosflylight brownbut each tergitewith trans- 390 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

verse row of small dark streaks. Fore- and Male: Light reddishbrown head and pronotum midfemora pale brown and with dark brown andyellowish legs. Head:dorsumreddish brown along the lower distal surfaces.Hindfemora pale with 6 very faint pale stripes on occiput and brown with dark brown oblique stripes on outer vertex; face and cheeks reddish brown. face. Pronotumuniformly reddish brown. Forewings SONG. A rapid train of double pulse chirps. pale grey brown,becoming much darkerin basal Males singing near one another may alternate and apical areas and on lateral field. Abdomen their chirps. pale brown. Legs ivory colored. Hindfemora HABITAT. Rain forest, and along the steep with light brown oblique streaks on outer and vegetated road banks at the forest margin. innerfaces, andwith apale streakalong the upper SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. crest, with dark red brown marks on inner and Paratype: same data as holotype, 1M, ANN AR- outerfaces just before the knees. Hindtibiaepale BOR. brown on upperface, dark on lower face. Females: colorationsimilar to male; forewings Notosciobia paranola Otte, n. sp. very small and non-overlapping, appearing as small hemicircularpads at posterior margin of TYPE. Holotype M. New Caledonia, Mt. pronotum. Ovipositor about half as long as Koghi, west slope of Mt Bouo, tall forest, 27 ii pronotum. 1983 (Alexander, Cade & Otte). PHILADELPHIA. SONG. Short burstsof double-pulse chirps. RECOGNITION.Figs. 6I, 7. Tables 1, 2. Differs HABITAT.Collected in leaf litter among rotten from the similarly sized nola in having a fore- branchesin a forest along the beach. wing which is more than twice the length of the SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. pronotum(see also nola recognition) and in the Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2M, 2F, ANN shapeof the ectoparameres.Similar to thiensisin ARBOR& PHILADELPHIA male genitalia but considerablylarger and with 5 harpveins. Male: Head dark brown; pronotum rusty Notosciobia animata Otte, n. sp. brown; abdomen spotted pale and brown on dorsum.Forewings more thattwice the length of TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, 17 km the pronotum. Hindfemora with faint brown southeastof Oubatche,coastal forest, 6 iii 1983 stripes on outer face. (Alexander, Cade & Otte #27). PHILADELPHIA. SONG.Not known. RECOGNITION.Figs. 4, 6D, 8. Tables 1, 2. Song HABITAT.Found along a trailin a tall montane consisting of trainsof double-pulsechirps. Sper- forest. matophoresac relatively short (in oubatchia it is SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. also short, but the ectoparameresare bilobed at the apex). Males: Head andpronotum reddish; forewings Notosciobia thiensis Otte, n. sp. greyish; abdomen light brown. Head: dorsum reddish; face and cheeks reddish. Prontum uni- TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,ca. 12 km formly reddish. Forewings greyish. Abdomen south of Thio, in forest along beach, 28 ii 1983 light brown. Legs all yellowish brown.Hindfem- (Alexander, Cade & Otte). PHILADELPHIA. ora without distinct outer oblique stripes. RECOGNI1ION.Figs. 4, 6C, 7. Tables 1, 2. Mor- Female: same color and size as male; oviposi- phologically very similar to paranola but harp tor about one thirdas long as pronotum. with only three veins, file with over 120 teeth, SONG.Trains of double-pulsechirps. Adjacent body length less than20 mm, Hindfemoralength males may alternate with one another in the less than 12 mm. production of double-pulse units (Fig. 4). This CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 391

B~~~

E FX G HW

I J t K LX

M N 0

FIG.6. Notosciobia.A-N, forewings(all butgoipinaof holotype).A, nola B, goipinaparatype. C, thiensis.D, animata. E, poya. F, fausta. G, hirsuta. H, oubatchia. T,paranola. J, rex. K, canala. L, puebensis. M, rouxi. N, velutina.0, rouxihead and pronotum of holotype. 392 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE behavioris very similarto thatof canala. withoblique dark brown stripes on outerface. HABITAT.Leaf litterin a densecoastal forest. SONG.Widely spaced short chips witha rapid The specieslives in burrows. pulse rate. SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. HABITAT.Rainforest on thenortheast side of Paratypes:same data as holotype, 13M, IF, New Caledonia. PHILADELPHIA& ANN ARBOR. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANNARBOR.

Notosciobiapuebensis Otte, n. sp. Notosciobia rouxi Chopard

TYPE.Holotype M. New Caledonia,14.8 km Notosciobiarouxi Chopard1915: 141. HolotypeM, southeastof Oubatche,coastal forest, 6 iii 1983 New Caledonia,Mont Ignambi, alt. 800 m, 8 viii (Alexander,Cade & Otte).ANN ARBOR. 1911.BASEL. RECOGNTION.Figs. 4, 6L, 8. Tables1, 2. Song consists of short burstof double-pulsechirps RECOGNITION.Figs. 6M,O, 10. Table 1. Head similarto thiensis. Harpwith 6 veins;last harp of male with a huge concavity on the forehead. vein connectedto mirrorin holotype.Genitalia Ectoparameresdistinctly notched at apex. Fore- similarto animata,but spermatophore sac much wing with no traces of a mirror. longer.Hindfemora without oblique dark stripes SPECIMENS.Holotype M, BASEL. on outerface. Male:Head, pronotum and forewings reddish Notosciobia velutina Chopard brown. Abdomen:pale brown.Legs all pale brown.Hindfemora without dark oblique stripes Notosciobia velutina Chopard 1915: 144. 2 on outerface. males types, NewCaledonia, Foret du Mont SONG. Shortgroups of doublepulse chirps. Panie, alt. 500 m, 27 vi 1911. BASEL. HABITAT.Found in leaf litterin coastalforests. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANNARBOR. RECOGNITION.Figs. 6N, 10. Table 1. Distin- guished from other members of this group in the configurationof the male genitalia. Notosciobiaoubatchia Otte, n. sp. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, BASEL.

TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,Hiengene, Notosciobia lifouensis Gorochov, n. comb. 4 kmW of Bridge(Alexander, Cade & Otte)ANN ARBOR. Cephalogryllus lifouensis Gorochov 1986:704. RECOGNITION.Figs. 5, 6, 9. Tables1, 2. Male Holotype M, Lifou Island, Loyalty Islands. genitaliasimilar to animata,but ectoparameres LENINGRAD.NEW COMBINATION. Type not ex- bilobedat apex;song consistingof shortchirps aniied. with a veryrapid pulse rate. Male: Head:dark reddish brown on dorsum RECOGNITION.See Figs 76-79 in Gorochov and face; cheeks reddishbrown. Pronotum: 1986:707.Gorochov mistakenly placed this spe- dorsumdarkbrown; lateral lobes dark brown, but cies in Cephalogryllus.Examination of his fig- lighteralong anteriorand lower margin.Fore- ures shows a strikingresemblance of this species wings: reddishbrown, but becomingblack in to Notosciobia (Nola group) of New Caledonia. apicalarea. Abdomen: dorsum dark brown, but each tergite with four pale spots. Fore- and Poya Group midlegs:ivory colored. Hindfemorapale but Distinguishedfrom the Nola andFausta Group in having a deep mediangap in the epiphallus and in CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 393

paranola 9

. . . * .- ...... ,

nola

thiensis . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... ^ ......

thiensis .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~......

FIG. 7. Notosciobia (Nola group) male genitalia (h

FIG. 7. Notosciobia(Nola group) male genitalia (holotypes). 394 D. OTIE, R. D. ALEXANDER AND W. CADE

goipina .. * ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~......

...... ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~.

......

animata

...... ~...

puebensis)

FIG. 8 '. - Otte, Alexander & Cade New Caledonia crickets

FIG. 8. Notosciobia (Nola group) male genitalia (holotypes). CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 395

canala

....': ., - :. ...

oubatchia

.~...... poya

FIG. 9. Notosciobia (Nola and Poya groups) male genitalia (holotypes). 396 D. OT[E, R. D. ALEXANDER AND W. CADE

velutina

rouxi

FIG. 10. Notosciobia (Nola group) male genitalia (holotypes). havingvery long ectoparameres. Like the Fausta brown, apical area no darker than central area. groupit has a very shortspermatophore sac. Legs: femora pale yellow-brown; tibiae slightly darker especially on lower face. Hindfemora with brown oblique stripes. Notosciobiapoya Otte,n. sp. SONG. Chirps containing from one to four pulses. TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, near HABITAT. Forest floor litter, on a bank above Goipin,northwest of Nekiai,forest along stream, a small creek. Males live in burrows. 8 iii 1983(Alexander, Cade & Otte#33). PHILA- SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. DELPHIA. Paratype: same data as holotype, 1M, ANN AR- RECOGNITION.Figs. 4, 6E,9. Tables1, 2. Male BOR. epiphalluswith a deep U-shapedmedian gap; ectoparameresvery long. Song consists of chirps with one to fourpulses. Fausta Group Male: Body color reddishbrown. Head: dorsum with five broadblack bandsseparated by Distinguished from the Nola and Poya groups in narrowreddish bands; face and cheeksbrown. having a distinctly V-shaped central cleft in the Pronotum:dorsum brown, posterior margin epiphallus,in having a very shortspermatophore black;lateral lobes brown.Forewings: dorsum sac and in having inwardturning ectoparameres. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 397

. . . .. @~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... fausta

......

hirsuta

rex

FIG. 11 Notosciobia(Fausta group) male genitalia. 398 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Notosciobiafausta Otte,n. sp. (Alexander,Cade & Otte#6). PHILADELPHIA RECOGNITION.Figs. 5, 6G, 11. Tables1, 2. Ec- TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia, Yahoue, toparameresrounded at apexand without an an- nearNoumea, forest floor, 17 ii 1983(Alexander, gularprojectionalong inner margin (as in rexand Cade& Otte# 4). PHILADELPHIA. fausta). Song similar to fausta, but sometimes RECOGNITION.Figs. 5, 6F, 10. Tables1, 2. Ec- pulsesproduced in pairs. toparameresnarrow and turned sharply inwards Male:Head and pronotum darkreddish brown. at apex.Epiphallus distinctly longer than in hir- Pronotum:dorsum dark reddish brown, anterior suta. Song very similar to hirsuta and rex. marginand posterior third black, MAPs orange; Male: Head reddish,pronotum reddish and laterallobes dark reddish brown in anteriortwo- black; abdomenspeckled. Head: entirelyred- thirdsand blackish in posterior third. Forewings: dish. Pronotum:dorsum dark reddishbrown, dorsumbrown to dark brown in apical area; posteriorthird black; lateral lobes darkreddish lateralfield darkbrown. Legs all pale yellowish brown,but becoming ivory colored in lower front brown.Hindfemora with faint oblique stripes, corner.Forewings: dorsum brown, darkerin brownbefore knees on inner,outer and upper apicalarea; lateral field darkbrown. Abdomen: faces. dorsum mottled, venter uniformlypale. All SONG.A trainof shortchirps with veryrapid femoraivory colored.Hindfemora with brown pulserates. obliquestripes on outerface. HABITAT.Leaf litter and debris on forestfloor SONG. A successionof shortchirps with a very alonga beach. rapidpulse rate. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. HABITAT. Forestfloor amonglitter in a tall forestabove a smallstream. SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. TAPERECORDED SPECIES Paratype: samedata as holotype,1M, ANN AR- BOR. [Notosciobia konensis]

Notosciobiarex Otte,n. sp. This species was tape recorded at Loc 30. It inhabitedforest litter. The structureof its song TYPE. Holotype M. New Caledonia,34 km showsthat it belongsto the Nola group(Fig. 5). west of Canala,1 iii 1983(Alexander, Cade & Otte). PHILADELPHIA. [Notosciobia parapoyal RECOGNITION.Figs. 5, 6J, 11.Tables 1, 2. Male quitesimilar tofausta epiphallus not so slenderat This species was tape recorded in a forest at apex(side view) andapex of ectoparameresnot Loc 22. Its song suggeststhat it belongsto the turningin so sharply. Poya group. Male:Very similar to hirsuta,but differing in the shapeof the ectoparameres. SONG. A successionof shortchirps with a very Subfamily GRYLLINAE rapidpulse rate. GRYLLINI HABITAT.Rain forest along mountain road. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou) is the South- Notosciobiahirsuta Otte, n. sp. Thisspecies widespreadthrough west Pacific from northernAustalia and New TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, about 12 Guinea eastwards to Hawaii. It is was also km southof Thio,forest along beach, 18 ii 1983 recorded from Norfolk Island (Otte & Rentz CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 399

1985). At somelocalities this species was heard very similar to Dictyonemobius of Lord Howe singingwith T. marini(See Fig. 12 for song). and Norfolk islands and are here united into the DISTRIBUTIONRECORDS. Locs 8, 18, 19. Bobilla Genus Group.Ionemobius is very similar to Thetella which is widespread throughthe Pa- Teleogryllusmarini Otte& Alexander cific, but Amonomobiusand Paniella cannot yet be related to genera elsewhere. This speciesis now knownfrom Queensland, Fiji, andNew Caledonia.It lives in very moist BOBILLAOtte & Alexander grassesand ditches, and is sometimesaccompa- nied by T. oceanicus.(See Fig. 12 for song). BullitaGorochov 1986:693. NEW SYNONYM.Type DISTRIBUTIONRECORDS. Locs 18, 19, 23 species:Bullita pacifica Gorochov 1986: 694.

TYPESPECiES: Bobilla bivittata (Walker) MODICOGRYLLMI RECOGNITIONOF GENUS. Differs from Kogh- Lepidogrylluscomparatus (Walker) iella in the male genitalia-the apicallobes of the epiphallus bend sharply downwards, have small Grylluslepidoides Chopard 1915: 138. HolotypeF, lumps, and do not extend much beyond the ecto- New Caledonia, Ni, 6 ii 1912. BASEL.NEW SYNO- parameres. NYM. Previously this genus was known only from easternand southern Australia. Butitis now also Thisspecies is knownfrom Australia, Norfolk known from New Zealand. Swan 1972 described Island,and New Caledonia.It is oftenfound in Pteronemobius bigelowi and P. nigrovus from driergrassy areas, expecially on thewest side of New Zealand.Examination of the male genitalia the island,sometimes on stonyroad banks. The reveals that these are both Bobilla species. song consistsof a single beep-likesound with a very rapidpulse rate (see Otte and Alexander 1983 for song). Bobilla avita Otte, n. sp. DISTRIBUTIONRECORDS. Locs 3, 9, 30. TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,Loc. 5, Mt Gryllodessigillatus (Walker) Koghi, West slope of Mt. Bouo, tall forest, 27 ii 1983(Otte, Alexander,& Cade). PHILADELPHIA. This cosmopolitan cricket was heard in RECOGNITION.Figs. 14, 15. Table 3. This is Noumeaand a singlefemale was collected on the the only known member of the genus in New east side of the island. This song consistsof a Caledonia. See generic recognition above. rapidtrain of double-pulsechirps (see Otteand Males: Body color blackish, with orange- Alexander1983). brown legs. Head: dorsum black, face black, cheeks black. Pronotum: dorsum dark brown, slightly lighterthan lateral lobes, sometimes with SubfamilyNEMOBIINAE a pale patchin each anteriorquarter; lateral lobes black. Forewings: dorsum dark brown but with New Caledoniahas a diverse Nemobiine a pale strakalong edge of forsal field; lateralfield fauna, with seven genera and twelve species. dark brown. Abdomen: dorsum black, venter Only one genus,Bobilla, is foundoutside New brown. Fore- and midlegs: uniformly orange- Caledonia(Australia and New Zealand).The brown. Hindfemora: orange-brown, without genera Bobilla, Koghiella and Ignambina are oblique stripes. Cerci: orange brown. 400 D. O7TE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Table 2. Comparisonof Notosciobia songs. (p/s, pulses per second; ch/s, chirps per second; p/ch, pulses per chirp;KHZ, frequencyin kiloHerz. ?C, degrees centigrade;solo, single male singing; alt, two males singing simultaneouslyand alternating.

p/s ch/s p/ch KHz IC [ch duration]

Brachytrupinae fausta Loc 4 78.8 1.38 [0.15] 4.5 24 Loc 4 82.6 1.23 5.2 24 Loc4 85 1.3 [0.12] 4.7 24 Loc 4 80.9 2.9 [0.06-0.15] 5 24 Loc4 82.8 1.28 [0.16] 5.2 24 Loc 4 86 1.15 [0.15] 4.6 24 Loc S 85 0.63 [0.19] 4.2 21.7 Loc 5 82.6 0.5-0.8 [0.16] 4 21.7 Loc 5 86 0.5 [0.17] 3.5 21.7 hirsuta Loc 6 91.7 1.27 [0.13] 4.1 26 Loc 6 86 1.95 [0.12] 4.7 26 Loc 6 86 2.28 [0.15] 4.5 26 oubatchia Loc 27 64.5 0.55 [0.31] 4.6 24 Loc 27 64.5 0.59 [0.3] 4.5 24 Loc 27 60.9 0.57 [0.31] 3.9 24 oubatchia??? Loc 25 70.8 0.57 [0.26] 5.2 23 Loc 25 71.7 0.6 [0.23] 5 23 rex Loc 13 80.6 0.72 [0.21] 4.2 22 Loc 13 80 0.72 [0.21] 4.2 22 Loc 13 79.8 0.76 [0.2] 4.2 22 [konensis] Loc 30 63.1 2.8 3-4 4.2 23 Loc 30 62.9 2.8 3-4 4.2 23 Loc 30 62.1 2.6 3-5 4.5 23 Loc 30 63.4 3.6 3-4 4.2 23 Loc 30 60.7 2.1 3-4 4 23 poya Loc 33 16.1 0.72 4 3.3 24.4 Loc 33 16.1 0.7 3-4 3 24.4 Loc 33 15.6 0.22 2 3.5 24.4 Loc 33 19.1 0.7 5-6 3.2 24.4 [parapoyal Loc 22 14.3 0.43 3-4 4.2 24 Loc 22 14.3 0.61 3 4.2 24 goipina Loc 15 35.8 5.5 2 3.7 21 thiensis Loc6 46.3 9.1 2 4.9 26 Loc 6 43 8.3 2 5 26 Loc 6 CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 401

Table2 (continued)

p/s ch/s p/ch KHz ? [chduration] nola Loc4 46.9 10A 2 4 24 Loc4 51.1 10.1 2 4 24 anbnata Loc27 47.8 2.87 2 4.8 24 Loc27 51.6 4.16 2 5.2 24 Loc27 49.1 4.16 2 4.7 24 caala Loc 15 35.6 5.86 solo 2 4 21 Loc 12 35.8 5.73 solo 2 4 22 Loc 11 35.2 4.1-5.7 solo 2 3.8 22 Loc 11 36.5 4.1 alt 2 4 22 Loc 11 33A 4.4 alt 2 3.8 22 Loc 11 32.8 6.1 solo 2 3.9 22 Loc 11 33.7 5.3 solo 2 3.8 22 Loc 11 25 6.5 2 3.5 22 Loc 11 33.4 3.2 alt 2 4 22 puebensis Loc28 51.6 12.3 2 4.2 24 Loc28 59.5 11.5 2 4.2 24 Loc28 52.4 11.8 2 4.3 24 Loc28 62 12.3 2 4.3 24 GRYLLINAE Lepidogrylluscomparatus Loc9 172 [0.73] 4.5 24 Loc3 172 [0.61 4.3 26 p/s pairs/chr ch/s ptl pt2 Teleogryllusoceanicus Fiji 17.6 30.7 0.57 8.8 4.7 26 Fiji 17.2 27.5 0.63 7.8 4.7 26 Fiji 18.1 33.4 0.54 9.6 26 Loc 19 17.8 29.9 0.6 8.6 5 24 Loc 18 16.1 37.6 0.43 9 5 24 Loc8 15.6 29.7 0.53 7 5.1 25 Loc4 19.1 34.4 0.56 9.6 4.8 24 Teleogryllusmarini Loc23 18.7 47.3 0.4 9.4 3.3 24 Loc 19 17.2 39.7 0.43 6.8 2.8 24 Loc 19 19.1 45 0.42 8.1 3.5 24 Loc 19 18.1 44.9 0.4 11.1 3.5 24 Loc 19 18.6 45.3 0.41 9.7 3.3 24 Loc 19 19.6 35.3 0.56 9 3.2 24 Loc 18 19.8 49.1 0.4 8.2 3.2 24 Loc 18 20.2 51.6 0.39 6.9 3.3 24 Loc 18 18.6 45.9 0.41 7.4 3.3 24 Loc 19 22.6 34.4 0.66 13.2 3.5 24 Loc 19 23.1 44.2 0.52 10 3.5 24 Loc 18 court 18.1 64.5 0.28 tril 3.2 24 Loc8 19.9 33.3 0.6 10.7 var 3.5 25 402 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE Table 2 (continued)

p/s ch/s p/ch KHz C [ch duration]

OECANTHINAE Oecanthusrufescens Loc 33 48.7 - cont. 3.2 24.4 Loc 10 41.3 - var. 3.6 22 Loc 3 55 - var. 3.7 26 Loc 6 58.5 - var. 3.7 26

NEMOBIINAE Koghiella bouo Loc 4 101 - [0.93] 5.7 24 Loc 5 90.3 - [1] 5.6 21.7 Loc 5 91 - [0.93] 5.3 21.7 Loc 5 94.6 - [1.74] 5.5 21.7 Koghiellabouo?? Loc 33 105 - [0.53] 5 24.4 Koghiella thio Loc 6 101 0.25 [0.9] 6 26 Loc 6 99.2 - 6.2 26 Loc 6 99.2 - [0.93] 5.9 26 Koghiella sp. Loc 19 21 0.78 [0.5] 7.2 24 Loc 19 72.8 [0.38] 8 24 Loc 19 70.8 - [0.49] 7.4 24 Loc 33 70 - [0.44] 8 24.4 Koghiella sp. Loc 10 86 - [0.81] 5.8 22 Loc 10 86 - [0.8] 5.7 22 Loc 10 85 - [0.7] 6 22 Koghiella semibouo Loc 5 48.2 0.86 [0.49] 5.5 21.7 Loc 5 47.3 0.83 [0.55] 5.5 21.7 Koghiellacaledonica Loc 24 64.5 2.42 [0.08] 5.8 24 Amonemobiusvexans Loc 22 86 2.23 [0.09] 6.5 24

1TARINAE Tremelliabeta Loc 5 86 2.03 [2.1] 3.5 21.7 Loc 5 89 - [3] 3.5 21.7 Loc 5 87 [2.6] 3.5 21.7 Loc 5 86 - - 3.5 21.7 Tremelliatiwaka Loc30 59.8 1.1 [0.7] 3.8 23 Loc 23 59.1 0.82 [0.84] 3.7 24 Tremelliacaledonica Loc 5 45 0.13 [2] 3.3 21.7 Loc 5 46 3.5 21.7 CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 403

Table 2 (continued)

p/s ch/s p/ch KHz ?C [ch duration]

Tremelliacaledonica?? Loc 22 49.9 - [1.71] 3.5 24 LoclO 41.8 - [1.51] 3.5 22 Tremelliasp? Loc 13 33.1 - [1.74] 3.1 22 Loc 12 33.3 - - 3.2 22 Tremelliasp? Loc 5 24.6 0.8 [0.37] 4.7 21.7

PODOSCIRTINAE Calscirtuspaniensis Loc 27 64.5 0.14 [0.35] 3.2 24 Loc27 63.4 0.11 [0.41] 3 24 Archenopterusbouensis Loc 5 13.2 - [1.5-2.0] 4 21.7 Loc 5 12.9 - [1.3+] 4.1 21.7 Podoscirtinae1 Loc 5 24.2 0.17 [0.47] 4.2 21.7 Podoscirtinae2 Loc 30 22.9 0.25 [0.45] 4.5 23 Loc 16 22.2 0.31 [0.47] 4.5 21 Loc 10 23.5 - [0.62] 4.2 22 Loc 10 23.7 0.22 [0.6] 4.3 22 Podoscirtinae3 Loc4 26.2 1.1 [0.47] 5.7 24 Loc 5 25.5 0.9 [0.46] 4.8 21.7 Podoscirtinae4 Loc 4 36.9 0.29 [0.23] 4.9 24 Loc 4 38.7 0.17 [0.21] 4.8 24 Podoscirtinae5 Loc30 33.1 [0.15] 5.3 23 Loc 19 33.4 0.32 [0.22] 5 24 Loc l9 38.2 - [0.12] 5 24 LoC 19 36.2 [0.16] 4.7 21 Locl9 36.8 - 4.7 21 Loc 9 34.4 0.32 [0.21] 4.4 21 Loc 9 32.3 - [0.17] 4.2 21 404 D. OYIE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

oceanicus Loc 4

1W1WW 4W 11|oceanicusL 4* i* 1 1 Loc 8

1111011111k411***W 111111111111114%* ***** ** h1 10 44 * *Lomarinini Loc 8

|*^ s**ilW W^ 1*~ X**I*^ W11WAl A.^^1^^*^*^11 A11 AS*WX gA*XX I marini Loc 18

51 11lk 4 41lll sk to ik too $n lot marini Loc 19

111 DAlIIBID Iii 2i4ilk1urn Nk S4S4 i iiSA11 1tI Sn marini

Loc 18 loll fill loll oil liffill lliflullI 11111fit ItI 11t ok"*"i4010 1 niarin Loc 18

I-oc 18 1 sec

FIG. 12. Teleogryllussongs. 1st and 2nd songs: normaloceanicus songs. 3rd song: atypicalmarinisong whichappears to be moresimilar to oceanicussongs but the low frequencyindicates that it belongsto marini.4th, 5th, and 6th songs: typicalmarini calling songs. 7th song: calling song transition to courtship song. 8th song: presumedcourtship song. (Scale = 1 second).

Females:colored like males. Forewingsvery Bobilla pacifica Gorochov short,longest along side of body, overlapping medially, dorsal field pearly along posterior Bullita pacifica Gorochov 1986: 694. Holotype M, margin. Oceania, New Caledonia(no additionaldata). BIOLOGY.Collected in leaf litterand along a LENINGRAD.Type not examined. trailin a tall rainforest. SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. RECOGNITION.Fig.1SB. This species differs Paratypes: samedata as holotype, 2M 4F, PHILA- from avita in the male genitalia. DELPHIA& ANN ARBOR. Gorochov (1986) provides the following description: Male (holotype). In size rather small CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 405

FIG. 13. Nemobiinae (holotypes). A, Koghiella parabouo B, Koghiella bouo. C, Ionemobius alliciens. D, Koghiella caledonica head. E, Koghiella caledonica pronotum.

Table 3. Morphologicalcomparison of Nemobiinae species. See Methods for abbreviations.

No. file BL FL FWIJPL TL/FL OLTL CIJFL

Bobillaava Loc 5 M (n=3) 106-107 6.5-7.5 4.3-4.5 2.2-2.3 0.80-0.82 - ca. 0.95 Loc 5F(n-2) - 6.1, 7.3 4.2,4.3 ca. 0.55 ca. 0.8 0.65, 0.66 - Koghicllabouo HM 57 7.3 4.6 - 0.68 - - Koghiellasemibouo HM 87 7 4.3 2 - - 0.8 PM 87 7.7 4.6 2 - - - KoghieUaparabouo HM 94 9.7 5.4 2.1 0.7 - - PF 8.7 5 - - 0.97 0.85 Koghiellathio M (n=3) 90-92 7.3-7.8 4.2-4.8 - ca. 0.7 - 0.7-0.9 F 7.8 4.5 - - 0.87 0.8 Koghielacalkdonica M Loc 10 84 6.9 3.8 2.1 - - 0.74 M Loc 33 80 8.1 4.7 1.85 - - 0.75 MLoc24 84 7.8 4.5 1.9 - - 0.72 F LoclO - 8.3 4.5 - 0.85 0.76 F Loc 33 - 7.4 4.9 0.48 - 0.81 - F(n=3)ILoc24 - 7.9-8.7 4.3-4.9 0.42 - 0.85-1.1 0.78-0.91 Ignambinaoubatchia HM 106 7.7 4.6 2.3 0.75 - 0.83 FM - 7.9 4.2 2.2 - - - PF - 7.3 4.6 0.33 - 0.8 0.8 lonemobiusallicens HM (n=3) 55-58 7.7-8.9 4.6-4.8 1.7-1.8 - - 0.6-0.7 PF 8.5 5.3 0.26 - 0.87 0.75 Amonemobiuscalkdonicus HM 71 7.5 4.8 2.3 0.85 - - PF - 6.6 4.6 - 0.77 0.63 - 406 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE black bristles. Face usuallywith two parallel dark stripeson face which diverge from one anotherventrad, following the antennalsockets andwith a broaddark area descending from the eyes onto the mandibles.Pronotum: Dorsum reddishbrown to pale brown,often with dark maculations;lateral lobes blackish.Forewings: withouta mirror;with one harpvein, diagonal vein andCu2 in chordalarea share an exclusive commonstem; dorsal field generallybrown to Et AB G D't darkbrown, veins in apicalarea, chordal area and basal areasoften very pale; lateralfield dark. FIG. 14. Nemobiinaemale forewings Fore-and midfemora pale, with larger dark areas (holotypes).A, Bobilla avita. B, Koghiella generallybasal to large black bristles;tibiae Koghiella bouo.C, Koghiellaparabouo. D, bandedwith darkbrown; fortibiae with large E, Koghiellacaledonica. F, Ionemobius thio. outerand no innertympanum; fore- and midtib- alliciens.G, Amonemobiusvexans. H, Apter- threeapical spurs respectively. onemobiusgusevae (from Gorochov 1986). iae withtwo and Hindfemorawith darkoblique stripes on outer fortribe. The color of thebody is chestnutbrown, unicolorous,only the disc of the pronotumhas poorlydeveloped bright markings [his fig. 30]. Thewing covers are also chestnut brown, but the dorsal survace along the fold is with a very narrowbright streak. The legs arealso brown, monochrome,only on the rear femora have barelynoticeable oblique lines. Thewing veins andthe male genitalia as arein [hisfigs 5-7, 30]. Bodylength 6 mm;pronotal length 1.5 mm; forewing length3.3 mm;hindfemur length 4.4 mm. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, LENINGRAD.

KOGHIELLAn. gen.

TYPESPECIES: Koghiella bouo Otte, n. sp. RECOGNITIONOFGENUS. Figs. 13-18. Table3. Most similar to Bobilla (of Australia,New Zeal- and andNew Caledonia),Ignambina (New Cale- donia) andDictyonemobius (of Norfolk andLord Howe islands). Unlike Bobilla the apical epiph- allic lobes extend well beyond the ectoparameres and are not turned downwards. Unlike Ignam- bina the epiphallusis bifurcateat the apex. Bodycolor dark brown to blackishon sidesof FIG. 15. Nemobiinaemale genitalia(holo- body, variegatedpale and darkbrown on dorsum Bobilla avita. B, Bobillapaciflca of pronotum and abdomen. Head with four types).A, (fromGorochov)C, Koghiella bouo. D, Kogh- broader and two narrower longitudinal dark iellaparabouo. bands on occiput and vertex, with long stout CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 407

FIG. 17. Nemobiinaemale genitalia FIG. 16. Nemobiinae male genitalia (holotypes). A, Ionemobius alliciens. B, (holotypes). A, Koghiella semibouo. B, Kogh- Amonemobius vexans. C, Ignambina iella thio. C, Koghiella caledonica. oubatchia. D, Apteronemobiusgusevae. and upperfaces. Hindtibiaewith darkto black 1983 (Alexander,Cade & Otte).PHILADELPHIA. bandson posteriorface betweenthe spurs;with RECOGNITION.Figs. 13B, 14B, 15. Table 3. fourinner and five outersubapicals. Abdomen: Mosteasily confused with semibouo and thio, but pale brown to reddish brown, speckled with apexof epiphalluswith a narrowU-shaped cleft darkerspots, lateral surface of tergitesblack. whichis as deepas the terminallobes arewide. Females: Size andcolor like males; forewings Stridulatoryfile with fewer than70 teeth(more shorterthan pronotum, bristly, transversely trun- than 80 teeth in thio and semibouo). cated (appearsto be a tergite), meeting at Males: Head:dorsum marked as shown in midline,longest along side of body. figure.Face with two parallel dark stripes on fron whichdiverge towards clypeus, with broad dark Koghiellabouo Otte,n. sp. areadescending from eyes ontomandibles; cen- TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,Loc. 5, Mt tralportion of clypeusand labrum ivory colored; Koghi,West slope of Mt Bouo, tall forest,27 ii cheeksdark brown to black.Promotum: dorsum 408 D. OTIE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

markedas shownin figure;lateral lobes black. PHIA. Forewings:dark brown, veins 2A and3A, baseof RECOGNITION. Figs. 16A. Table 3. May be stridulum,chords and apicalveins pale. Abdo- confused with bouo; differs in having a small men: dorsumvariegated dark brown and pale apical cleft on the epiphallus and in having more brown,but mostlydark brown; venter medium than 80 file teeth. brownwith indistinct light and dark bands. Fore- Males: Head: vertex and occiput without dis- andmidlegs: femora pale with large dark brown tinctdark bands (similar to bouo). Face similarto patches,especially at baseof blacksetae; tibiae bouo; cheeks dark brown to black. Pronotum: bandedwith dark brown. Hindfemora: with nu- dorsum not strongly variegated, much lighter merousdark brown oblique stripes on upperand than laterallobes; lateral lobes blackish. Abdo- outerfaces. Cerci:medium brown. men: dorsum variegated dark and pale brown, becoming blackish along lateral margins;venter brown with 4 longitudinalrows of darkerbrown Koghiellaparabouo Otte, n. sp. markings.Fore- andmidlegs: femorapale brown with a distal dark brown ring, and with dark TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia, Mt. Koghi, brownspots at bases of bristles;tibiae with 3 dark west slope of Mt Bouo, tall forest,27 ii 1983 crossbands only on upper face. Hindfemora: (Alexander,Otte & Cade#5). PHILADELPHIA.orange brown with darkbrown oblique stripeson RECOGNITION.Figs. 13A, 14C, 15D. Table 3. upper and outer faces. Cerci medium brown. Very similar to bouo and semibouo but apical Females not known. cleft of epiphalluswide, V-shapedand entire BIOLOGY.Collected along grassy trails in tall structurebending downwards (in side view). rainforest. Body also largerthan these two species. SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. Males: Head:dorsum with 4 majorlongitudi- Paratype:same dataas holotype, 1M,PHILADEL- nal bandsand 2 smallones lateralto these;face PHIA. with two darkbands diverging ventrad; cheeks darkbrown. Pronotum: dorsum pale brown with Koghiella thio Otte, n. sp. symmetricaldark brown spots and markings; laterallobes darkbrown to black.Forewings: dor- TYPE.HolotypeM, New Caledonia,Loc. 6, 12 sumdark brown with pale veins in apical,chordal km SE Thio, forest along beach, 28 ii 1983 andbasal areas, lateral field dark brown. Abdo- (Alexander,Cade & Otte). PHILADELPHIA. men:dorsum pale brownwith dark spots, mark- RECOGNITION.Figs. 14D, 16B. Table 3. ings becominglarger laterally;venter lighter Distinguished from other members of the genus brown,with indistinctbrownish areas, subgeni- by the male genitalia-the apical lobes are tal plate darkbrown. Fore- and midlegswith widely separatedby a deep U-shaped cleft. Also largedark and pale areas. Hindfemora with with differs from the very similarbouo in having more stongoblique dark brown stripes on upperand than 85 file teeth. outerfaces. Males: Body highly speckled. Dorsum of Female:Similar to malein size andcolor. body (exept forewings) pale with black spots, SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. side of head, pronotum and forewings black. Paratypes: Same data as holotype,1F, PHILA- Head: vertex and occiput with 6 indistinct DELPHIA.34 kmwest of Canala,IM, ANN ARBOR slightly reddish longitutinal bands; most promi- nent are the rows Koghiellasemibouo Otte,n. sp. aspect of heavy black bristles, each emergingfrom a brown to darkbrown spot. TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,Loc. 5, Mt Median ocellus raised above plain of the fore- Koghi,West slopeof Mt Bouo, tall forest,27 ii head and facing forwards. Face with a broad 1983 (Alexander,Cade, and Otte). PHILADEL- darkband descending from eyes to ends of man- CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 409

A vexans Loc 22

IK caledonica Loc 24

%1511!!|?1|1||^Illliillill!l!!l!!ilrlv!l8.lliil!llK oghiella sp.? Loc 10

t181\1"1111111818111111 |Kogh iella s p. ? Loc 33

i1t1%1t IllliXtiliililXWlilll |Koghiellasemnibuou? Loc 5

Koghiella sp.? Loc 10

1IKoghiella sp.? Loc 19

Koghiella bouo Loc 4

Koghiella bouo Loc 5 1 sec

FIG. 18. Nemobiinae songs (scale= lsecond). dibles; frons with 2 dark bands descending to- with numerous small brown spots, each at the wardsclypeus then bendinglaterally. Upper lobe base of a bristle. Forewings: dorsumbrown, but of clyeus with 3 dark brown markings, one veins 2A, 3A, chords, and apical veins and Cul medial, two lateral; lower lobes with two basal and M veins pale; lateral field dark brown. dark brown marks then ivory. Labrum pale Abdomen: dorsum with numerous fine black centrally,brownish laterally. Cheeks mediumto setae; pale brown with small and large spots dark brown up to top of eyes, then pale. forming a row across each tergite:tergite becom- Pronotumpale brown; slightly darkeron MAPs, ing dark brown on lateral face. Fore- and 410 D. OrTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE midfemora: very pale, but with dark brown IGNAMBINAOtte, n. gen. marksmainly proximal to each black bristle,and darkbrown at apex. Tibiae brownto darkbrown, Ignambinaoubatchia Otte, n. sp. forming 3 indistinct bands. Hindlegs: femora ivory with numeros dark brown oblique stripes RECOGNITIONOF GENUS. Very similar to upper and outer faces; tibiae dark brown with Koghiella. Differs from all other species in hav- pale areas aroundbases of spurs. Cerci: pale to ing a uniquely shapedepiphallus: the apical lobe medium brown. not bifurcate and epiphallus very wide at base Females: Colored like male. Forewings very and with small blunt spines on dorsal face. short, meeting at midline, posterior borderwith heavy bristles like tergites which follow. Ignambina oubatchia Otte, n. sp. BIOLOGY.Collected in coastal forest along the beach, especially among rocks and litter along a TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,ca. 17 km small streamrunning throughthe forest. SE of Oubatche,coastal forest, 6 iii 1983 (Alex- SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. ander,Otte and Cade # 27). ANNARBOR. Paratypes: same dataas holotype, 2M IF, PHILA- RECOGNITION.Fig. 17C. Table 3. Very DELPHIA. similarto Koghiella caledonica. Differs from all other species in having a uniquely shaped epiphallus. Koghiella caledonica (Chopard) Males: In shape and color largely indistin- guishable from caledonica. Dictyonenobiuscaledonicus Chopard1970: 285. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANNARBOR. Para- HolotypeM, New Caledonia,Hienghene, Grotte, 5 types:Same dataas holotype,2M,ANNARBOR and ix 1965. VIENNA. Type exa-mined. PHILADELPHIA.

RECOGNITION.Figs. 13D, 14E, 16C. Table 3. Very similar to thio, but epiphallus with very AMONEMOBIUSn. gen. narrow, closely juxtaposed apical lobes; also differs in having fewer than 85 file teeth. TYPESPECES: A. vexansOtte, n. sp. Males: Head: dorsum with indistinct to moderatelydistinct brownbands. Forewingsdar RECOGNITIONOF GENUS Ectoparameres of brown, but pale on veins 2A, 3A, base of stridu- male genitalia extending beyond epiphallus; lum, some apical veins, especially on extreme epiphallus with a deep median cleft (Fig. ). Dor- outer marginsof apical area. Abdomen: dorsum sum of head mostly pale but with occiput with mostly dark brown with pale spots. Legs like four small black stripes;region posterior to eyes thio. black;dorsum of pronotumlargely pale but with BIOLOGY. Collected along a road which ran a dark patch in each corner. Foretibiae with a throughthe forest. large opening only on the outer face. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, VIENNA. About 25 km west of Canala, along road throughforest, 1 iii 1983 (Alexander, Cade and Otte) 1M, PHILA- Amonemobius vexans Otte, n. sp. DELPHIA.28 km west of Canala, l iii 1983 (Alex- ander)1F, ANN ARBOR. Loc. 16, 2M, ANN AR- TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Amoa BOR. river valley, 8.4 km west of main coastal road near Poindimie, 3 iii 1983 (Alexander, Cade & Otte). PHILADELPHIA. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 411

REcOGNITION.Figs. 14G, 17B. Table 3.Male: Body color very pale with darkbrown to black patches on the head, pronotum,abdomen and PANIELLAn. gen. legs. Head: dorsummarked as in Fig. ; face largelyivory but frons with two brownstreaks TYPESPECIES: Ignambina oubatchia Otte, n. sp. descendingbetween the antennaethen curving and the laterallyhalfway between the clypeus RECOGNITION.See P. apterus below. antennalsockets and with a centraldark mark which carriesovery onto the clypeus;cheeks with a broadblack band descendingfrom the Paniella apterus (Chopard) lowermargin of theeye ontothe base of theman- dible.Pronotum: dorsum ivory and black (Fig. ); Pronemobiusapterus Chopard 1915: 133. Types: 2M. laterallobes blackish. Forewings:dorsum dark New Caledonia, summitof Mont Pani6, 1600 m, 28 brownbut atjunctionsof chordsand stridu- ivory vii 1911. BASELand PARIS. lumand around distal ends of chords;lateral field darkbrown. Abdomen: dorsum with some pale NOTESON HOLOTYPE. Foretibiae without a black spots and markings;venter pale brown. tympanum. Fore- and midtibiae with 2 and 3 Fore- and midlegs:femora ivory colored and apicalspurs, respectively. Hindfemorawith only withtwo broaddark bands; tibiae with two dark 3 inner and 3 outer subapical spurs. bands.Hindlegs: femora ivory with threedark bandsin distaltwo thirds;tibiae pale with a dark stripebetween the spurs, and with two dark cross bandsin the basalthird. Cercilight brown. Thetellini SONG. Not known. HABITAT.Found on banksalong a roadthrough IONOMOBIUS n. gen. the forestin the AmoaValley. SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. TYPESPECIES: A. vexans Otte, n. sp. Paratype: 17 km southeastof Oubatche,6 iii 1983 (Alexander, Cade& Otte) IF, ANN ARBOR. RECOGNITIONOFGENUS. Epiphallus very slender andtapering, similar to Thetella.Differs from APTERONEMOBIUS Chopard Thetella is having two and three apical spurs on the Fore- and middle tibiae and 2 in ApteronemobiusChopard 1929: 29. Typespecies: A. (2 Thetella), and in having a black head. Foretibiae with only longipes Chopard1929: 29, by monotypy. a large outer tympanum. Paora Gorochov 1986:692. Type species: Paora RELATIONSHIP.The genitalia of Ionemobius gusevae Gorochov 1986. New synonym. and Thetella are so similar that the two perhaps should be treatedas membersof the same Apteronemobiusgusevae (Gorochov) genus.

PaoragusevaeGorochov 1986:692. HolotypeM, New lonemobius alliciens Otte, n. sp. Caledonia (no other data). LENINGRAD.NEW COMBINATION. TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, about 12 km southeast of Thio, forest along beach, 28 ii Recognition. Comparisonof the male genitalia of 1983 (Alexander, Cade & Otte #6). PHILADEL- Apteronemobius darwini (Otte and Alexander 1983 PHIA. Fig. 147A) and Gorochov's Paora gusevae(Fig. 17D) shows that this species belongs to Aperonemobius. 412 D. oTrE, R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

RECOGNITION. Figs. 13C, 14F, 17A. Table 3. FIKOLAGorochov Epiphallus very slender. Dorsum of head black. Dorsum of pronotumpale butmuscle attachment TYPESPECIES: Fikolafusca Gorochov1986. plates brown. Males: Body color pale but with dark brown on head. Head: occiput and vertex RECOGNITIONOFGENUS. The following de- black but with a pale band which runs between scriptionis takenfrom Gorochov (1986). "Fore- the posterior margins of the antennal sockets; wings of female very short;rear borderwith foreheadblack; face mostly darkbrown on frons, characteristcurve, lateral field convex; forewing but with a pale areabeneath each antennalsocket color black,with a white streakalong the rear and with a dark brown band denscending from border.Foretibiae lacking a tympanalopening. each eye to the mandibles;cheeks ivory colored. Hindtibiaewith four pairs of ratherlong spines. Pronotum: dorsum very pale but muscle at- Ovipositorlacking noticeable serrations,but tachementsplates light brown;lateral lobes ivory withnarrow apical valves. colored in anteriortwo-thirds and darkbrown in posterior third. Forewings: dorsal field medium to darkbrown, but pale from the harpveing to the Fikola fusca Gorochov M vein; lateral field brown to dark brown. Abdomen: anteriorsegments of dorsumentirely Fikolafusca Gorochov1986: 694. HolotypeF, New dark brown, last six segments variegated dark Caledonia,Noumea (Mt. Koghi) 14 x 1977 (J. brown and ivory, but in a female has fourrows of Balogh). HUNGARIANMUSEUM. dark spots, two rows near the midline and two rows near the margins of the tergum.Fore- and RECOGNITION.The following description is midlegs: femora ivory with faint large brown from Gorochov(1986): Size not large. Body markings on outer faces; tibiae uniformly pale colordark brown, almost black. Head black, with brown. Hindlegs: femora pale with brown twovery bright streaks on thesides in themiddle oblique stripes on upper and outer faces; these of the eye andwith a yellow-orangetriangle in become darkerposteriorly and coalesce to for a the distalpart of the frontalsuture. On the rear broad dark brown band at the two-thirds point, bordersof the tergitesof the abdomenare some knees also brown. pale sections. Legs rust-colored,unicolorous. Females: Similar to male in size and body Ovipositoris 1.7 times shorterthan the rear color. Forewings consist of small hemicircular femur, slighly bent upwards.Measurements pads located on the shoulderof the mesonotum (mm):BL, 7; PL, 1.8;FWL, 0.7; FL, 5; oviposi- and not overlapping medially. In females the tor,3.0. abdomenis largely pale buthas four rows of dark SPECIMENS.Holotype F, HUNGARIANMU- spots on the tergum,two nearthe midline andtwo SEUM. Paratypes: same data as holotype, iF, laterally. Ovipositor nearly 0.9 times as long as HUNGARIANMUSEUM; iF, LENINGRAD. Hindfemora. SONG. Not known. The surf was too loud to permit tape recordings of this species. ORINTIAGorochov HABITAT.Collected along a small stream and along the stony shoreline among wet stones and TYPESPECES: Orintia incrustata Gorochov debris. SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIIA. RECOGNTION OF GENUS. Gorochov (1986) Paratypes:same data as holotype, 4M 1F, PHILA- gives the following descriptionof this genus: DELPHIAand ANNARBOR. Bodystocky. Forewings absent in females,hindwings representedby small blades at the the sides. Headlarge, a littlewider than other parts CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 413

RECOGNITION.Gorochov gives the following descriptionof the holotype:"Size small.Color- ing of headchestnut borwn and with characteris- tic markingsof darkand greenish yellow spots above.Antennae are cinnamon colored, but the BAO segmentsare white with two proximal sections of brown.Pronotal disc yellowish with two dark spots;lateral lobes darkbrown. Legs pale, with darkspots. Colorof hindlegshown in [his]fig. 28. Abdomenbrown below, with scattered marks of darkand pale yellow spots above. [Measure- FIG. 19. Anaxipha caledonica. (holotype). A, ments(mm)]: BL, 5.5; PL, 1.2;FL, 4.2; OL,3.2." male forewing. B, male genitalia (dorsaland ven- SPECIMEN.Holotype M, LENINGRAD. tral aspects). C, female ovipositor. Table 3. Comparisonof Nemobiinaespecies. See Methodsfor abbreviations.

TRIGONIDIINAE

Thissubfamily is verypoorly represented in New Caledoniaand we now knowof only two genera andtwo species which inhabit the islands and one of theseis widespreadthrough the Pacific.

Trigonidomorphasjostedti Chopard

Trigonidomorphasjo'stedti Chopard 1925: 40. HolotypeM, Australia,Queensland, Cedar Creek (Mjoberg).STOCKHOLM. Type examined.

This species is very widely distrubedover in FIG.20. Malegenitalia(holotypes).A,Caltathra the Pacificislands. It is now knownfrom New paniki B, Proturana subaptera C, Aphonoides Guinea,Australia, Norfolk Island and Hawaii. ouveus. RECOGNITION.See Otte & Alexander 1983, p. 223 andaccompanying figures. of the body. Legs rather short and thick. Front SPECIMENS.Loc 4, 3M IF; Loc 19, 3M IF; Loc legs with small tympanal openings on the outer 29, 2M. side. Hindlegs with three pairs of spurs. Spines on the hind basitarsus rather short. Ovipositor Metiochevittaticollis Stal with narrow apical valves, ratherlong and more or less straight.Color variegated." Chopard1970: 287 recordsthis speciesfrom: lower reachesof TshambaRiver 16 vii 1965, Orintia incrustata Gorochov Koh, 29 vii 1965.Noumea, 21 iii 1965. These specimens are probably Trigonidomorpha Orintiaincrustata Gorochov 1986: 698. HolotypeF, sjostedi.See Otte and Alexander1983 for de- New Caledonia (no furtherdata). LENINGRAD. scriptionand figures. 414 D. OTFE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Metioche flavipes Saussure mostlybrown. Forewings and hindwings absent. Abdomenmottled with indistinctbrown and Chopard 1970:287 records this species from ivorymarkings. Fore- and midfemora with 3 dark the coast near Dumbea, 17 vii 1965;Noumea 16 bands. Fore-and midtibiae with 2 and3 apical vii 1965; Koh 29 vii 1965. These specimens are spursrespectively. Hindfemora with patches of probably Trigonidomorphasjfostedi. darkbrown; tibiae with 4 darkbands; with 3 inner and4 outersubapical spurs.

Anaxipha caledonica Otte, n. sp. Caltathrapanaki Otte, n. sp. TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia, grottoes area about 7 km west of Koumac, 7 iii 1983 TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia,road to (Alexander, Cade and Otte). PHILADELPHIA. Panakifrom Kone, mountain forest above Kone, RECOGNITION.Fig. 19. Table 2. A pale green 7 iii 1983 (Alexander,Otte & Cade#30). ANN species with genitalia as figured. ARBOR. Pale green in life (ivory colored when pre- RECOGNITION.Figs. 20A, 22C, 25D. Table4. served in alcohol; dorsumof head and pronotum Male: Bodycolor mottled dark brown and ivory, orange brown. Face entirely pale. Pronotum: legs stronglybanded. Head: dorsum with 8 lon- dorsumpaleover most of centralportion, becom- gitudinalbrown bands (2 medianones separated ing darkerbrown towards all four sides; lateral by a very thinpale line); foreheadbetween the lobes pale in lower half, brownish in upperhalf. threeocelli darkbrown, with bristles;face dark Forewings: dorsalfield darkbrown along M vein brown, with a white band descendingfrom and between mirrorand stridulum;lateral field medianocellus to labrum;cheeks ivory colored pale, with a dark stripe along the dorsal margin. behindeyes anda pale vertical streak extends and Abdomen entirelypale green (in life). Foretibiae narrows from eye to base of mandible. with only a large outer tympanum.All legs pale, Pronotum:dorsum patterned;lateral lobes unicolorous (green in life). mostlybrown, but with a palespot in lowerfront HABITAT.This species was singing duringthe cornerand a smallspot in middletope (adjacent day in the trees in a forested ravine near some to MAPs). Forewingsand hindwingsabsent. grottoes. Some were singing in low trees others Abdomenmottled with indistinctbrown and were higher in the trees. ivorymarkings. Fore- and midlegs: femora with SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. 3 darkbands, tibiae with 4 darkbands. Hindlegs: Paratypes:same dataas holotype, 2M 1F, PHILA- femorawith 6 or 7 largepatches of darkbrown; DELPHIAand ANNARBOR. tibiaewith 4 darkbands; with 3 innerand 4 outer subapicalspurs; on innerside all spineslocated PHALANGOPSINAE abovethe spurs,on the outerside they are also locatedbetween the upperthree spurs. CALTATHRAOtte, n. gen. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANN ARBOR.

TYPE SPECIES:C. panaki Otte,n. sp. Caltathradubia Chopard,n. comb.

RECOGNITIONOF GENUS. Entirely wingless. Endacusta dubia Chopard 1915: 146. Holotype F, Body color mottled dark brown and ivory, legs Yat6, 15 iii 1912. BASEL. strongly banded. Dorsum of head with brown Endotariasteinmanni Gorochov 1986:699. Holotype bands; face dark brown with a white band de- F, New Caledonia (Mt. Koghi). HUNGARIAN scending from median ocellus to labrum. MUSEUM.NEW COMBINATION. Type not exam- Pronotum: dorsum patterned; lateral lobes ined. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 415

FIG.~21 rmliapame~ ~~ 416 D. O0T7E,R. D. ALEXANDER AND W. CADE

onymizedby Chopard1968: 364.

RECOGNITION.Figs. 21-25, 45. Table 4. Dor- sum of body dark brown, venter ivory, sides of body dark brown in upper half, ivory below. w A B Pronotum:dorsum marked as in Fig. 21; lateral lobes blackish in upper half pale in lower half. Forewings: covered with fine pubescence; dorsum gray to dark brown, usually with a somewhat mottled appearance; lateral field pale to darkbrown; area between R and M broad,with 10 or more regularly spaced cross veins-this area has a pearly white streak along its middle. Hindwings aboutone half to two thirdsas long as forewings. Fore- and midlegs: Femora and tibiae banded somewhat as in Fig. 21; foretibiae D with only an innertympanum; with 2 and middle tibiae with 2 apical spurs. Hindfemora marked as in Fig. 21. Hindtibiaewith 4 inner and 4 outer subapical spurs, and with 3 inner and 3 outer apical spurs. FIG. 22. A, Tremellia 1 I - caledonica. B, Tremellia caledonica. C, Caltathra Tremellia sarasini (Chopard) paniki. D, Tremellia _ | i XX tiwaka. E, Proturana Pseudotrigonidium sarasini Chopard 1915:153. subapteraholotype male. Holotype M, New Caledonia,Foret du MontPani6, E alL 500 m, 27 vi 1911. BASEL.Type not examined butoriginal figures adequate for diagnosis.

RECOGNITION.Lateral projection on male Two females collected at Loc 5 are believed to epiphallus as in Fig. 24H. belong to this species. Occiput with 4 broader SPECIMENS. HIolotype M, BASEL. pale longitudinal bands (plus a very narrow median pale line) which almost reach the pronotum;vertex with 4 pale bands. Otherwise Tremellia tiwaka Otte, n. sp. coloration similar to panaki. TYPE. iolotype SPECIMENS. Loc 5, 2F, PHILADELPHIA& ANN M, New Caledonia, Loc 23, km ARBOR. TiwakaRiver, ca. 5 west of main north-south road,nearPoindimie, 3 iii 1983 Cade ITARINAE (Alexander, and Otte). PHILADELPHIA. TREMELLIA Stal RECOGNITION. Figs. 22D, 23D,E, 24G, 45. Table 4. Easily distinguishedfrom other species Tremellia Stal 1877: 47. Type species: Tremellia by the male genitalia. In the females the fore- spunca Stal, Philippines, by monotypy. wings are much longer than in beta. Chopard 1915:152. Type species: Pseudotrigonidiwn Males: Head: face and cheeks similar to alpha. Tremelliasarasini (Chopard).New Caledonia.Syn- CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 417

D X E

FIG. 23. Tremellia:holotypes: A-E, forewings; F, G, hind tibia and tarsus. A, alpha (dorsal and lateral aspects). B, caledonica. C, beta. D, tiwaka. E, tiwaka female. F, inner face. G, outer face.

Table 4. Comparisonof Tremellia species. See Methods for abbreviations.

No. file BL FL CL FWIJPL TIJFL OL/FL

Caltathrapanaki HM 0 13.5 11.2 10.0+ - 0.87 - Caltathradubia Loc 5 F 0 11.8 9.5 6.5 - 0.84 0.68 Tremelliacaledonica HM 77 12 10 ca. 5 4.1 1 - Tremelliaalpha HIM 76 10.2 9.7 5.2 3.9 1.04 Tremelliabeta JHM 80 13 10.5 6.5 3.5 1.03 - PF - 10 8.3 5.4 0.4 0.98 0.57 Tremnelliatiwaka HM 70 11.5 9.5 - 4.5 - PM - 10 8.5 4.9 - - - PF - 9 4.9 2.9 - 0.43 418 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

FIG. 24. Tremellia male genitalia (mainly lateralaspect)(holotypes). A, beta. B, tiwakaholotype. C, tiwaka loc 30. D, alpha. E, caledonica. F, beta (ventralaspect). G,tiwaka (ventralaspect). H,sarasini (from Chopard).I, caledonica (ventral aspect).

Pronotum:Dorsum as figured;lateral lobes black 1983 (Alexander,Cade, and Otte). PHILADEL- above, pale below. Forewings:dorsum pale PHIA. brown,somewhat mottled; lateral field pearly RECOGNITION.Figs. 21, 23A, 24D. Table4. whitebetween theR andM veins;the latter veins Distinguishedfrom other species by the male are darkbrown, other veins pale. Abdomen: genitalia. dorsumvariegated brown and ivory; venter with Males: Dorsumof body darkbrown, venter two rows of faintbrown spots. ivory, sides of body darkbrown in upperhalf, Females:marked like males;hindwings about ivorybelow. Head: dorsumbanded as in Fig.; 0.66 times length of forewings; antennaeca. 105 face with a broadmedian dark band descending mm long. face ontoldabrum; frons above bottom of anten- SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA.Loc. nal sockets entirely dark, otherwise ivory. 30, 3M 1F, PHILADELPHIA& ANN ARBOR. Pronotum:dorsum marked as in Fig. 21; lateral lobes blackishin upperhalf pale in lower half. Tremellia alpha Otte, n. sp. Forewingscovered with fine pubescence dorsum darkbrown with a somewhatmottled appear- TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia, Loc. 16, ance;lateral field dark brown but area between R ca. 40 km west of Houailou, hillside forest, 2 iii andM broad,with 10 or moreregularly spaced CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 419

E - - FIG. 25. A, Proturanasubaptera head, pronotumand forewing.B, Proturanasubaptera forewing.C, Tremelliatiwaka ovipositor. D, Caltathrapaniki. E, Matuanuselegans. crossveins-this areahas a pearlywhite streak alongits middle. Abdomen:dorsum mostly dark brownwith regular pattem of palerspots. Fore- and midlegs:femora and tibiae bandeddark brown and ivory. Hindfemora:banded dark brownand ivory, outer face with 3-4 horizontal bandsmade up of smalleroblique stripes. Cerci pale brown. Hind tibiae: outer marginwith numeroussmall spines, inner one only abovethe firstspur. Hindbasitarsus with no innerspines FIG.26. Agnotecousobscurus male. on dorsalface andwith 4 outerspines on dorsal face. lia. Females with forewings shorter than Females not known. pronotumand located on side of body(possibly SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. nymphal?). Males: Very similarto alpha butdiffering in malegenitalia. Head: similarto caledonica,but Tremelliabeta Otte,n. sp. stripesbroader; face similarto caledonica.Side of forewingsgenerally pale brown. TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,Loc. 5, Females: Theonly female we haveexamined Mt Koghi,west slope of MtBouo, tall rainforest, hasvery shortforewings located on theside of the 27 ii 1983 (Alexander,Cade, and Otte). PHILA- body. Becausethey are so small comparedto DELPHIA. thoseof tiwaka thereremains the possibility that RECOGNITION.Figs. 23C, 24F, 45. Table 4. she is a nymph.Her hardenedovipositor, how- Males differ from other males in the male genita- ever, suggeststhat she is an adult. 420 D. OTTE, R. D. ALEXANDER AND W. CADE

SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. black. Forewings: dorsal field very narrow Paratypes: Loc. 5, 1M lF, ANN ARBOR. relativeto lateralfield; mirrorobsolete; chords anddiagonal veins weakly to stronglymodified, with one or no harp veins; lateralfield with Tremellia caledonica Otte, n. sp. numerousparallel veins. Hindwingsabsent. Abdomenwith fine spotsoften arranged in trans- TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia,Loc. 5, verserows. All tarsiwith adhesivepads. Fore- Mt Koghi,west side of Mt Buou,tall rainforest, and midlegs:femora reddish brown to dark 27 ii 1983 (Alexander,Cade, and Otte). PHILA- brownwith prominentblack markings;tibiae DELPHIA. darkerthan femora, with two broadblack bands; RECOGNITION.Figs. 22B, 23B, 24E,45. Table foretibiaewith only an outer tympanum and with 4. Distinguishedfrom other species by themale 3 apical spurs;midtibiae with 4 apical spurs. genitalia.Head: Dorsummostly dark brown but Hindlegs: femoraorange-brown to darkrusty with 3 narrowpale longitudinalstreaks. Face brownwith obliquerows of small darkspots; with broadmedian dark band, a pale bandde- tibiaewith 4 innerand4 outer subapical spurs and scendingfrom each antennalsocket anda dark with 3 inner and 3 outer apical spurs;inner banddescending from each eye; cheeksblackish subapicalspurs longer than outer and strongly beloweye, lightbrown with dark marbling below bent. Cercimedium to long, usuallyblotchy in that andwith a granularappearing brown band color. Ovipositorlaterallycompressed,withser- descendingfrom lower front of eye. rationson dorsalmargin, dorsal valves longer SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. thanventral; with two small processesabove base. ENEOPTERINAE BIOLOGY. We collected Agnotecous on leaf litteron the forestfloor; afterdark many were AGNOTECOUSSaussure foundwalking about on foliagea few feet above the ground,some on green leaves. All were TYPE SPECIES:Agnotecous tapinopus Saussure found in dense wet or mesic forests both in RECOGNITIONOF GENUS. Figs. 26-29. Table 5. lowlandsand mountains. Although males pos- Forewingsof malesquite unlike any other genus sess a stridulumwe never heard them sing. of Eneopterinae,the dorsal field being very small Maleshave a largenumber of file teethin relation relativeto the lateralfield andthe entireregion to thelength of thestridulum, so we suspectthat posteriorto the stridulumhighly modifiedand the soundsthey make are supersonic. Conceiva- abbreviated. bly the stridulatorymovements transmit vibra- Males: Fig.26. Mediumto largecrickets; body tionsthrough the substrate. colorreddish brown to darkbrown, usually much DISTRIBITION.This genus is presentlyknown darkeron sidesof body;large hindfemora; fore- only from New Caledonia,but relatedgenera wingsnot extending beyond middle of abdomen; occurin the SolomonIslands and in Palau(Otte dorsalfield of forewingsrelatively small; hind- andAlexander in prep.). wings absent. Head:occiput with longitudinal pale stripes,sometimes largely pale brown,with 2 to 4 darkstripes; with 3 ocelli, medianocellus Agnotecousobscurus (Chopard) located at front of rostrum;face darkbrown; cheeksmostly brown or darkbrown with pales Lebinthusobscurus Chopard 1970: 287. HolotypeM, areasas figured. Pronotum:dorsum widening New Caledonia, Col Boa, Niaouli Forest, 11 viii posteriad,lighter than laterallobes, scattered 1965 (AustrianExpedition). VIENNA.Type exam- withfine darkspots; lateral lobes darkbrown to ined. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 421

Table 5. Comparisonof Agnotecous species. Abbreviationsgiven in Methods section.

BL FL CL CL FWIJPL FL'TL FLJFL No. file teeth

obscurus HM 19 13.2 - 11.5 1.33 0.91 0.32 168 PM Loc.22 18.5 13.2 - 12.2 1.5 - - 136 PF Loc.22 19 14.5 15.2 14 0.44 - - - PF Loc.33 20 14.8 21.3 13.5 0.69 - - - yahoue HM 16.5 11.2 - 10 1.33 0.85 0.36 158 PF Loc.5 16 11 10 9.0+ 0.28 - - - PF Loc.4 18.7 12.5 12.4 10.6 0.27 - - - PF Loc.4 17.6 11.5 12 10.5 0.4 - - PF Loc.4 18 11.9 10.5 10 0.33 - - - koghi HT 24 15.5 - 13.5 1.45 - - 129 PM Loc.4 23 14.3 - 13.8 1.63 - - 151

RECOGNITION. Figs. 26, 27, 29B. Table 5. 33 is 1.44 times as long. Possibly these two Distinguished from other species by the male females belong to different species. genitalia and the forewing venation. BIOLOGY. Collected in a lowland forest. Males: Dorsum of body reddishbrown, side of Found perched on leaves a few feet above the body darker. Head: dorsum with 7 longitudinal ground. pale streaks, one along midline, those behind SPECIMENS.Holotype M, VIENNA.Paratypes: eyes are broadest; face dark brown above clyp- (PHILADELPHIA& ANN ARBOR).Loc 16, 1F. Loc eus, ivory with brown markingson clypeus and 17, 1F 1FN. Loc 22,2M 1F 1MN.Loc 23, 1F. Loc labrum;forehead pale in specimens from Loc 33 33,2M 1F. and dark in those from Loc 22. Pronotum: dorsum reddish brown with scattered darker spots; spots largest along posterior margin; lat- Agnotecous yahoue Otte, n. sp. eral lobes dark brown with a pale area in lower anteriorcomer. Forewings dark brown. Hind- TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Loc. 4, wings absent. Abdomen:dorsumreddish brown, Yahoue, forest along stream,27 ii 1983 (Alexan- pubescent, with faint row of dark spots along der, Cade, and Otte). PHILADELPHIA. posteriormargins of tergites. Forelegs as in Fig. RECOGNITION.Figs. 28A, D, 29A. Table 5. 27; midlegs similar to forelegs. Hindfemora: Distinguished from other members of the genus orangebrown with numeroussmall darkspots on by the male genitalia. outerand upperfaces andwith a line of large dark Males: Dorsum of body more or less unicol- spots along lower margin. Cerci dark brown. orous reddish brown; side of body dark brown. Females: Forewings hemicircular, nearly Head: dorsum mostly unicolorous but occiput meeting at midline (Loc 22) or slightly overlap- with two short brown stripes near median and ping (Loc 33). Ovipositorof the female fromLoc two lateral stripes; face dark brown, ivory on 22 slightly longer thanfindfemora; that from Loc clypeus and labrum. Pronotum:dorsum unicol- 422 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

-Dz B

C FIG. 28. Agnotecous forewings and ovipositors. A, yahoue. B, obscurus. C, tapinopus.D, yahoue. E, obscurus. F, G, fore- obscurus . A, FIG. 27. Agnotecous malehead wings of brachypterus and tapinopus (from face). pronotumand forewing. B, foreleg(outer Gorochov 1986). H, tapinopus(from Saussure C, foreleg(inner face). 1878). orous;lateral lobes distinctly darker. Forewings: black sides on head and pronotum, and have 6 reddishbrown, cross veins on lateralfield darker brown bands on vertex of head. A female from thanrest of wing. Abdomen:unicolorous red- Loc 5 is muchlighter in color andresembles more brown. Fore- and midlegs: femorawith some the holotype male. Forewings much smaller than darkermarking on innerand outer faces, similar in obscurus, with a wide gap seperating the left in position to amoa, but not as contrastingly and right forewings. marked.Hindfemora: orange-brown with regu- BIOLOGY.We collected the members of this laroblique rows of smalldark spots. species mainly along oatmealtrails which we laid Females: coloredlike males. Threefemales throughthe forest. It is our impression that they fromLoc 4 haveblackish fore- and midlegs and wanderover the groundto forage. But theirtarsal CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 423

FIG. 29. Agnotecous male genitalia (holotypes)(fromtop to bottom:upper, lower and lateralviews). A, yahoue. B, obscurus. C, tapinopus. D, brachypterus(from Gorochove 1986). E, tapinopus (from Saussure 1878).

adhesivepads suggestthat they also climbonto M, New Caledonia(no other data). (Brunnerde vegetationas does amoa. Wattenwyl,No. 5960) VIENNA.Type requestedbut SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. not found, perhapslost. Paratypes: (PHILADELPHIA& ANN ARBOR).Loc 4, 1M 6F. Loc 5, 1M4F. RECOGNITION.Figs. 28C, G, H, 29C, E. Table 5. Differs from other members of the genus by Agnotecoustapinopus Saussure the male genitalia. Also considerablylarger than Agnotecoustapinopus Saussure 1878:407. Holotype yahoue and obscurus. 424 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Males: Head: dorsum darkbrown with 7 pale Agnotecous robusta (Chopard)n.comb. longitudinallines, medianone is very thin,lateral ones are widest; face blackish; cheeks mostly Eureparobusta Chopard 1915: 149. Holotype F, New dark, with pale areas similar to obscurus. Caledonia,Foret du MontPani6, alt 500 m, 27 vi Pronotum:dorsum yellow brown in anteriorlat- 1911.BASEL. eral quarter,darkest in posteriorthird, with many small darkspots; laterallobes black. Forewings: Chopardillustrated this species profusely. It is dorsum reddish brown; lateral field reddish clearly a memberof Saussure'sAgnotecous. brown,but veins darkbrown. Fore- andmidlegs: femora mostly dark brown, somewhat speckled; tibiae banded as in obscurus, but darkeroverall. Hindfemora rusty red, becoming dark brown CARDIODACTYLUSSaussure aroundknees. Females: Head dark reddish brown on dor- Chopard 1915:149 records Cardiodactylus no- sum, black on side of head and pronotum. Fore- vae-guinea De Haan from Oubatche. We also wings slightly overlapping at midline. collected this species and it appearsto be a new BIOLOGY. We collected this species along species which will be treated in a forthcoming oatmeal trails laid throughtall rainforest. revision of Cardiodactylus. SPECIMENS.Loc 4, 2M 1F; Loc 5, IF (PHILADELPHIA& ANN ARBOR). EUSCYRTINAE

PROTURANAOtte, n. gen. Agnotecous brachypterus Gorochov TYPE SPECiES:Proturana subabpterus (Chopard). Agnotecous brachypterus Gorochov 1986:701. HolotypeM, New Caledonia(J. Bulogh)(noother RECOGNITION OF GENUS. Foretibiae without data).HUNGARIAN MUSEUM. Typenot examined. tympana.Forewing very small, wider than long, stridulumwith very tiny teeth. RECOGNITION.Figs. 28G, 29D. This species is readily distinguishablefrom other species on the Proturana subapterus (Chopard) basis of the male genitalia. SPECIMEN.HolotypeM, HUNGARIANMUSEUM.Euscyrtus subapterus Chopard 1970: 288. Holotype M, New Caledonia,Dumbea, near shore, 17 vii 1965. VIENNA.Type examined. Agnotecous novaecaledoniae Gorochov RECOGNITION.Figs. 20B, 22E, 25A, B. A small Agnotecousnovaecaledoniae Gorochov 1986:701. pale cricket with a broad dark stripe running Holotype F, New Caledonia,Mt. Rembai (J. along sides of body. Head: dorsum as figured; Balogh).HUNGARIAN MUSEUM. Type not exam- face entirely pale, subgnathous;cheeks pale and ined. with a post-oculardark band. Pronotum: dorsum as figured;lateral lobes with a darkband in upper RECOGNITION.Unfortunately the type of this half (dorsad this band changes gradually from species is a female. It will be very difficult to pale brown to blackish). Forewings tiny, wider separatethis species from others until a male is than long, with a stridulum.File with 209 very collected. small teeth. Abdomen:dorsum with a faint dark central band which fades posteriorly;venter en- CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 425

A. kraussimale

A. crouensis male FIG.30. tirelypale. Fore- and midfemora pale. Hindfem- RECOGNITIONOFGENUS. Figs. 30-37. Table6. ora withpale brownoblique markings on outer Males:LikeArchenopterus the members of this face. Cercipale brown.Fore- and middle tibiae genuspossess a glandon theforewing (forewing each with 3 apicalspurs; two innermostspurs gland)and avery long and pointed male subgeni- veryclosely spaced. Hind tibiae with 9 innerand talplate, but they differ in lackinga stridulum.In 11-12outer subapical spurs and with 3 innerand some species the forewinggland has evidently 3 outerapical spurs. Hind basistarsuswithout been lost secondarily,for the venationretains innerdorsal spines before apex. some similaritiesto that in species with well- HABITAT. The only male of this specieswas developedglands-specifically, the R and M caught by sweeping through vegetation at the veins are joined near the anteriorends of the marginof a lowlandforest on the west slopeof forewings.Forelegs: tympanal openings on both the mainrange. innerand outer faces, large and oval, nearly equal SPECIMENS.Holotype M, VIENNA.Loc 4, 1M, in size. Fore-and midtibiae with 2 and3 apical PHILADELPHIA. spursrespectively. Hind tibiae with 5 innerand 5 outersubapical spurs and 3 innerand 3 outer PODOSCIRTINAE apical spurs. Spurso-1 to o-4 all small and ADENOPTERUSChopard clusteredat apex. AdenopterusChopard 1951: 511. Type species: BIOLOGY. Adenopterushave been collected Adenopterusnorfolkensis Chopard, by original by sweepingthrough low herbeageand low trees designation. in and aroundforests. We have found them Peltia Gorochov1986: 704. Type species:P. roseola walkingabout on topof vegetationat night. Some Gorochov 1986: 704. NEWSYNONYM. specimenshave been collected at lights, others in 426 D. OTrE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

E F

FIG. 31. Adenopterus. A, lifouensis male. B, crouensis male. C, perplexus . D, admirandus. E, yahouensis. F, tchambicus. G, sarrameus. H, lifouensis. I, sylvaticus. J, Archenopterusbouensis holotype pronotum. malaise traps. Quite possibly the membersof this area;R vein joins M vein aboutone pronotal genus are common on tree tops, but these areas lengthposterior to pronotum;pale below and have not been sampled. reddish brown above. Hindwings extending DISTRIBUTION.The genus is presently known beyondends of forewings.Abdomen straw yel- only from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands, low. Fore- and midlegs:femora straw yellow and Norfolk Island. with a few scattereddarker spots. Hindfemora: straw yellow with a few small darkerspots; Kraussi Group kneesblack on upperface andon crescents. Adenopterus kraussi Otte, n. sp. Female: very similar to male but larger. TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Col des Femalesfrom Mt Pani6and Col d'Amieuhave Roussettes, 300 m, 5 - 6 ii 1963, malaise trap relativelylonger ovipositors. (Yoshimoto and Krauss). HONOLULU. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- RECOGNITION.Figs. 30A, 32C, 34B. Table 6. types: Samedata as type, 1F, HONOLULU.Mt Differs from the similar perplexus as follows: Panie,forest, 500 m,27-29 vii 1971(Gressitt) IF, Pronotaldisc with an interruptedpale bandalong HONOLULU. Col d'Amieu,650 m, 21 iii 1968 the lateral margins; dark streak along inner side (Gressittand Maa) 1F,PHILADELPHIA. of Cu, vein wide. Adenopterussylvaticus Otte, n. sp. Males: Body mostly straw yellow, but with TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Mt. dark brown streaks. Head: dorsum as figured; Koghi,west slopeof Mt Bouo, ii 1983(Alexan- face entirely pale; cheeks pale with dark stripe der,Cade, and Otte). PHILADELPHIA. behind uppermargin of eyes. Forewings:M vein RECOGNITION.Figs. 31I, 32F, 33K, L, 34A. only slightly modified in the forewing gland Table 6. Differs from the similareuperplexus CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 427

Table 6. Comparisonof Adenopterus species. See Methods section for abbreviations.V, numberof parallel longitudinal veins on dorsal surface of forewings, other than Cul.

BL FL OL CL FWIJPL OIJFL V

kraussi HM 17 9.3 - 8.0+ 4.9 7 PF Amieu 15 10.5 9 5 0.86 PF Yahoue 16 10.1 7.2 10 - 0.71 10 PP Panie 16 10.2 8.8 11.5 5.3 0.86 9 sylvaticus HM 15 8 - 11 4.15 - 6 PM 14 8.2 - - 5.27 - 6 sarasini HM 14.5 - - - 3.77 - 6 PF Amieu 13 9 7.2 - 4.17 0.85 PF Panie 12 8.3 7 8+ 3.53 0.84 6 rouxi iM 12 - - - 3.9 - 6 caledonicus HM 14 7 7 - 6.3 0.92 7 dwnbeus HM - 8.54 7 - 4.8 0.83 7 PF 13.5 9 7.5 10.5 4.3 0.83 7 confixus HT 14 9.5 8.5 - 6 0.89 8 dubius HT 20 13 16 18 5.5 1.23 7 perplexus HT 17 10 7 - 6.2 0.7 10 PF Yahoue 13 9.5 7.3 - 6.2 0.77 9 PF Yahoue 15 9.8 7.2 - 6.3 0.73 9 PF Koghi 17 10.5 7.3 - 6.4 0.7 9 PF Koghi 15 10.5 7.2 10 6.3 0.69 10 paraperplexus HT 14 9 7.3 9 6.7 0.81 11 euperplexus HT 11 8.1 7 9.9 6.9 0.86 9 PF 13 8.8 7.1 8.5 6.4 0.81 9 sarrameus HT 15 9.5 - - 4.8 - 8 PF 14-17 10.0-11.2 13.5-15.5 - 4.4-4.7 1.3-1.4 8-9 yahouensis HM 12 8.3 - 4.8 - 7 9PF Yahoue 14-17 10.0-11.0 12.8-15.0 12.0-13.5 4.3-4.7 1.28-1.36 8-9 3PF Thy 14-16 10 13 - - - 8 lPF Pines 16 10.1 13.2 11 4.1 1.31 8 tchambicus HM 13 9 - 6.0+ 4.6 - 8 adnirandus HM 17 11.3 17 18 4.4 1.5 10 4PF MtKoghi 15-17 11.0-11.5 17.0-18.0 17.0-18.0 4.3-4.8 1.48-1.6 9-10 428 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Table 6 (continued)

BL FL OL CL FWIJPL OIJFL V crouensis HM 12 7.8 - 8 5.7 - 7 2PM Timbia 11, 10 6.8,6.7 - 6.0,5.5 6.3,5.5 - 6, 7 PM Noumea 10 7.8 - - 6.1 6 PM La Crouen 11 7.7 - - 5.7 - 7 2PM Yahoue 10, 12 6.5,7.0 - 6.0,7.0 5.5,6.0 - 6, 7 PF Timbia 12 9 11 11 5.9 1.22 7 PF Noumea 13 8 10 10 5.7 1.25 6 PF Thy 14 8.7 10.5 - 5.6 1.21 7 PF La Crouen 13 9 11.2 - 5.4 1.24 6 PF Dumbea 11 8 9.5 - 5.8 1.19 7 PF La Coulee 14 9 10 - 5 1.11 7 lifouensis HM 12 6.5 - - 5.4 - 5 PM 11 6.5 - - - PF 12 8.2 8.2 - - 1 6 noumeus HM 11 7 - 6.2 5.4 - 6 4PF 12-11.3 7.2-8.5 8.2-9.0 8.5-9.0 5.2-5.5 1.09-1.14 6-7

and paraperplexusin having only 6-7 dorsal stripeson outerface; knees with black crescents. paralledveins on the forewings(vs 9-11). Last Cerci pale with 4 - 5 short darkcrossbands. abdominaltergite modifiedinto a large plate Females: Similar to males. On the forewings whichextends over thebases of the cerci. the R vein (which does not join the M vein) Males: Body color uniformpale orange- defines the forewing angle. Last tergite of abdo- brown. Head:dorsum pale brown, banded with men not modified as in male. darkerstripes; area between eyes andocelli may SPECIMENS. Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. be dark brown. Face light brown at top of Paratypes Mt Koghi, 400 - 600 m, i 1969 forehead,otherwise ivory colored; cheeks ivory, (Krauss) 1M, HONOLULU. butwith 2 brownstripes emerging from posterior marginof eye. Pronotumpatterned as figured; laterallobes light brown. Forewings:forewing Adenopterus sarasini (Chopard) glandsimilar to thatof kraussi;dorsal field straw coloredto orange-brown,with slightlyreddish PodoscirtussarasiniChopard1915: 160. Holotype M, veins;with a few crossveins; lateral field orange New Caledonia,Canala, 1911 (Dr. S. R.). BASEL. brown above, becoming yellowish ventrad. Mundasarasini, Chopard 1968: 412. NEW COMBI- Hindwingsextending about one pronotallength NATION.Type examined. beyond forewings. Abdomen:dorsum pale brown; Fore- and midlegs:ivory with small RECOGNITION.Figs. 33F, 35B. Table 6. Very brownspots on upperface. Hindfemorapale, similar to sylvaticus but differing in having witha singlelongitudinal row of spotson upper shorterectoparameres, and in the venation asso- face, and with numerouspale brownoblique ciated with the wing gland (see figures). Differs CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 429

from caledonicus in the shape of the male epiphallus. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, BASEL. Paratypes: Col d'Amieu, 750 m, 3 iii 1960 (Gressitt) 1F, HONOLULU.West of Ponerihouen, 29 vii 1971 (Gressitt) IF, PHILADELPHIA.Mt Panie, 700 m, 27 vii 1971 (Gressitt) IF, HONOLULU.

Adenopterus rouxi (Chopard)

Podoscirtusrouxi Chopard 1915: 160. HolotypeM, New Caledonia,Mt. Panie, 1400 m, 28 vi 1911(Dr. S. R.). BASEL.Munda roux4 Chopard 1968: 412. NEWCOMBINATION. Type examined.

RECOGNITION.Figs. 33C, 35A. Table 6. Dif- fers from sylvaticus, sarasini, andcaledonicus in the shape of the male genitalia and the venation of the forewings (see figures). SPECIMENS.Holotype M, BASEL.

comb. ?'0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' Adenopterus roseola Gorochov, n. Peltiaroseola Gorochov 1986:704. HolotypeM, New Caledonia, Noumea (J. Bulogh). HUNGARIAN MUSEUM.NEW COMBINATION. Type tDtxa m - ined.

RECOGNITION.Fig. 34C.

Adenopterus caledonicus Otte, n. sp.

TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Yahoue, west slope of Mt. Bouo, 26 ii 1983 (Alexander, Cade & Otte). ANN ARBOR. RECOGNITION.Figs.36C. Table 6. Males with no trace of forewing gland. Male: Body color yellowish with ivory legs. Head: dorsum uniformly yellowish with large FIG. 32. Adenopterusmale forewing showing fore- ocelli; face andcheeks ivory. Pronotum:dorsum wing gland or traces of the gland. A, crouensisB, yellowish with two ivory pale longitudinal pale lifouensis. C, kraussi. D, tchamicus.E, yahouensis. F, marks along each lateral margin; lateral lobes silvaticus. ivory in lower two-thirds, orange in upper third 430 D. OITE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

D EF

G H I

K L

FIG. 33. Adenopterus.A-F, lateral aspect of forewing showing venation associated with forewing gland. A, sarrameus.B, yahouensis.C, rouxi . E,sylvaticus. F,sarasini. G-J, lateralaspect of pronotum. G, sylvaticus. H, sarasini. I, rouxi. J, euperplexus.K,L, dorsal and lateral aspects of male sylvaticus showing development of the last abdominaltergite and the elongate subgenitalplate. and with two longitudinal pale patches along Adenopterus dumbeus Otte, n. sp. uppermargin. Forewings: without any trace of a forewing gland; membrane yellow to ivory, TYPE. Holotype F, New Caledonia, Dumbea, veins all reddish brown; with 7 longitudinal Uferregion [coastal region] 12 viii 1965 veins; lateral field yellowish with brownish (Ostereichische Neukaledonien Expedition, veins. Hindwings: extending aboutone pronotal 1965). VIENNA. length beyond forewings. Abdomen:ivory col- RECOGNITION.Table 6. Forelegs without ored, but last stemite before subgenitalplate with tympana(this featureis uniquefor cricketswhich a small darkbrown mark on each side. Foretibiae are capable of flight). with a brown area on upper face between the Females: Unlike all other Adenopterus or tympana.Legs all ivory colored. Hind tibiaewith Archenopterus species this species lacks any a small black area at base of each spur. trace of tympana. This is a highly unusual con- HABITAT. Collected in foliage at the forest dition, for no other species of cricket that pos- edge by sweeping. sesses flying hindwings lacks tympana. This SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANN ARBOR. feature could have arisen if both front legs were CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 431

FIG. 34. Adenopterusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, sylvaticus. B, kraussi. C, roseola (from Gorochov 1986). 432 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

A K;..) ...

FIG. 35. Adenopterusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, rouxi. B, sarasini. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 433

FIG. 36. Adenopterusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, yahouensis. B, sarrameus. C, caledonicus. 434 D. OTTE, R. D. ALEXANDER AND W. CADE

----:-----

FIG. 37. Adenopterusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, crouensis. B. lifouensis. lost duringnymphal stages and were regener- ocelli. Pronotum entirely dark reddish brown. ated. Because of the close similaritybetween Forewings gray with darkveins; dorsalfield with females of AdenopterusandArchenopterus there 7 parallel veins (not including Cul). Hindwings is some doubt as to which genus this female extending about 1.5 pronotal lengths beyond belongsto. We placeit herebecause Archenop- forewings. Legs all dark reddish brown. Hind terusmales still possess stridulawhile malesof tibiae with 5 inner and 6 outher subapical spurs. Adenopterusdo not. It seemsmore likely there- Males: not known. fore for thelatter to morereadily lose theirtym- SPECIMENS.Holotype F VIENNA. Paratype: pana. New Caledonia, Mt. Mou, 3 ii 1963 (Krauss) Bodycolor dark reddish brown, almost purple HONOLULU. (but forewingsgrayish) and withoutany pale markings. Head:entirely dark reddish brown Adenopterus confixus Otte, n. sp. exceptfor labrumwhich is yellow;with 3 small TYPE. Holotype F, New Caledonia,Plateau do Dogny, 29 iii 1968 (Gressitt and Maa). HON- OLULU. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 435

J % %gV / c

FIG.38. Adenopterusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, saussurei.B, tchambicus.

RECOGNITION.Table 6. Cu,vein dark brown in thedark streak runs between and includes the Cu1 anteriorhalf of forewings;hind knees black(in andCu2 veins; the Cu2vein itself is the darkest sylvaticus, euperplexus andparaperplexus Cul portion,but it is darkonly in thebasal half of the veinsis palebrown or yellow,and the hind knees wing;lateral field pale brown. Hindwings extend arenot black). about1.5 pronotal lengths beyond the forewings. Females: Bodycolor pale brown but with dark Abdomen:dorsum pale reddishbrown, venter brownpronotum and head; dorsal field of fore- yellowish.Fore- and midlegs: pale brown; tibiae wingswith a thindark brown streak along each with a large black dorsalspot in the proximal side. Head:Dorsum dark brown, lateral ocelli third-on theforetibiae the spotis locatedat the huge, meetingat midline;median ocellus very upperend of the tympanum.Foretibiae with 2 small; face yellow; cheeks yellowish below, andmiddle tibiae with 3 apicalspurs. Hindfem- turningrusty-red dorsad. Pronotum: dorsum oravery pale, but knees black; hind tibiae with 5 darkreddish brown, darkest in anteriorlateral dark brown spots located along the posterior quarters,MAPs paler than surroundingareas, marginbetween the spines-3 in the proximal laterallobes darkreddish-brown in uppertwo half and2 in the distalhalf; with 5 innerand 5 thirds,yellowish in ventralthird. Forewings: outersubapical spurs. pale brown,but with darkstreaks along lateral Males: not known. margins(along R, M, andCul veins, anteriorly SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU. 436 D. OfTE, R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

Adenopterus dubius Otte, n. sp. Sc pale, Sc branchesbrownish; R dark brown; M thick and yellow in basal half, turning pale TYPE. Holotype F, New Caledonia, Col de brown in distal half; Cu, brownish in basal Rousettes, 6 ii 1963 (Krauss).HONOLULU. quarter,yellow in remainder; Cu2brown, some- RECOGNITION.Table 6. Forewings with R, M, what sinuous. Hindwings extending 2 pronotal and Cul veins blackish through most of their lengths beyond forewings. Fore- and midlegs length. pale brown with dark brown area on inner and Females: Body color gray, dark brown, and outer faces; tibiae pale brown but darkerbrown black, with brown Hindfemora. Head: dorsum on upperface throughmost of the centralportion. darkbrown to blackish, lighterposterior to eyes; Hindfemora yellowish, sometimes with small lateral ocelli large, median one very small. black spots on outer face. Pronotum:dorsum and lateral lobes dark brown Males: not known. to blackish. Forewings: mostly gray, but pale SPECIMENS.Holotype F, HONOLULU.Para- brown at anteriorlateral corners and along prono- types: (HONOLULU)Mt Koghis, 25 i 1962 tal margin, black along forewing angle (R, M, (Krauss)1F. ii 1963(Krauss) 1F. ii 1973(Krauss) and Cul are yellowish at their base and then turn 1F. Yahoue, 20 ii 1963 (Yoshimoto) IF. Yahou, black for the remainderof theirlengths. Vein Cu2 i 1963 (Krauss) 1F. black at the base then turningyellowish or pale brown as it enters gray area of the forewing. Hindwings black as they emerge from the fore- Adenopterus paraperplexus Otte, n. sp. wings. Abdomen: brown to dark brown. Fore- and midlegs: femora brown to reddish-brown, TYPE.Holotype F, New Caledonia,Plateau do midfemorawith a broadblack streakon the inner Dogny, 29 iii 1968 (Gressitt). HONOLULU. face. Hindfemora:pale brown with black knee RECOGNITION.Table 6. Similar to perplexus crescents. but differs as follows: dorsum of head not Males: Not known. banded; with a shallow transverse groove run- SPECIMENS.Holotype F, HONOLULU. ning between eyes and posteriorto lateral ocelli (in perplexus the head slopes continuously and graduallyfrom the vertex onto the rostrum); Sc Adenopterus perplexus Otte, n. sp. vein darkerthan R vein; R and M veins similar in color (pale brown);dorsal field with 11 paral- TYPE. Holotype F, New Caledonia, Mt lel veins (9 - 10 inperplexus);dorsal field without Koghis, 400 - 600 m, i 1969(Krauss). HONOLULU. a brown streakrunning along the inners side of RECOGNITION. Fig. 31C. Table 6. Most the Cul veins; ovipositor relatively longer. similar to sylvaticus but larger and more con- Females: Body color pale brown. trastinglymarked, especially in the vicinity of the Males: not known. ocelli, and forewings with distinct pale and dark SPECIMENS.Holotype F, HONOLULU. veins at the lateral edge of the dorsal field. Females: Head: In some specimens MAPs darker than surroundingarea; face and cheeks Adenopterus euperplexus Otte, n. sp. yellowish. Pronotum: dorsummarked as in Fig. andwith continuouslateral yellow bands; lateral TYPE. Holotype F, Baie du Prony, west side, lobes darkreddish brown in lower three-quarters 0 - 10 m, 14 viii 1979 (Gagne). HONOLULU. and yellow across the dorsalquarter. Forewings: RECOGNITION.Fig. 33J. Table 6. Very similar with a narrow dark brown streakrunning along to perplexus and paraperplexus. Differs from inner side of Cu, vein; veins variable in color perplexus in body proportions (body smaller, CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 437 forwingsand ovipositorrelatively longer), and RECOGNITION.Figs. 32E,33B, 36A. Table6. coloration(lateral lobes of pronotumnot pale Verysimilar to sarrameus,but with huge ocelli. brown;Sc veindarker than R vein;dorsal field of Males: Head, thoraxand legs reddish,fore- forewingswithout a darkstreak along the inner wings gray, but white at anterior-lateralshoul- sideof theCul vein). Differsfrom paraperplexus ders. Head: dorsumreddish-brown, ocelli ex- in having 9 parallel veins on dorsal field of tremelylarge, lateral ones touchingmedian one; forewings;in lacking the pronouncedshallow face brownabove clypeus, ivory on clypeusand groove which runs transverselybetween the labrum,palps ivory; cheeks reddish brown with eyes. Hindwingextends 1.5 - 2 pronotallengths a yellow areaalong lower posteriormargin of beyondthe forewings.Body colorpale brown. eye. Pronotum:lateral lobes reddishbrown, Males: not known. darkerin upperhalf. Forewings:membrane SPECIMENS.Holotype F, HONOLULU.Para- gray,with dark reddish veins, yellow at anterior types: Yate, 25 iii 1968(Gressitt and Maa) IF, lateralshoulders. Fore- and midlegs:femora HONOLULU.Poindimie, 11 ii 1963(Krauss) 1F, darkreddish-brown on inner and outer faces, HONOLULU. ivorywith dark spots on upperface; tibiaedark reddishbrown. Hindfemora:dark markings on SarrameusGroup dorsalface joining into 3 brownishbands, knees also dark,outer face with a brownband below Adenopterussarrameus Otte,n. sp. middle,ivory alongdividing line, with rows of darkspots above line andbrown blotches above TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia,Sarra- that. mea,70-150 m, ii 1971 (Krauss). HONOLULU. Female: Very similarto males. RECOGNITION.Figs. 31G,33A, 36B. Table6. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- Very similarto yahouensis, but with smaller types: Yahoue, 11 1980 (Krauss)IM, HON- ocelli, anddifferent genitalia. OLULU;1M, PHILADELPHIA.Yahoue, 12 ii 1962, Males: Head: dorsumreddish brown; face i 1963,2 iii 1976 (Krauss)9F, HONOLULU;1F, darkreddishbrown above clypeus, ivory on clyp- PHILADELPHIA.6 km northof Paita, 25 i 1963 eus and labrum;cheeks reddishbrown with a (Yoshimoto) iF, HONOLULU.Foret de Thi, 100- yellowish spot along lower margin of eye. 200 m, 10 iii 1961(Sedlacek) 2F, HONOLULU. Pronotum:like yahouensis. Forewings: dorsum Foretde Thy, 550 m, 1 iii (Sedlacek)1F, HON- graywith darkreddish veins, yellow anteriorto OLULU. Isle of Pines, iii 1959 (Krauss)iF, glandulararea. Hindwingsextending one prono- HONOLULU. tal length beyond forewings. Abdomen:9th tergiteblack; venter yellowish, black at baseof subgenitalplate. Legs: similarto yahouensis. Adenopterustchambicus Otte,n. sp. Females:similar to malesin color.Largely in- distinguishablefrom yahouensis. TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia,Tchamba SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- River,east of Tchamba,near Ponerihouen, 3 iii types: Sarramea,ii 1971(Krauss) 1M iF, PHILA- 1983 (Alexander,Cade, and Otte). PHILADEL- DELPHIA;3F, HONOLULU.La Crouen, 12 iii 1961 PHIA. (Sedlacek)IF, HONOLULU.Col d'Amieu,650 m RECOGNITON.Figs. 31F, 32D, 38B. Table6. 31 iii 1968(Gressitt) 2F, HONOLULU. Headand pronotal patterns similar toyahouensis but as dark,and ocelli muchsmaller, more like Adenopterusyahouensis Otte,n. sp. sarrameus. Males: Very similar to sarrameus and ya- TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia,Yahou6, houensis. Forewing glands similarto sarrameus. iii 1978(Krauss). HONOLULU. Hindwingsextend one pronotallength beyond 438 D. OQTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

forewings. Abdomen:dorsum dark brown on Adenopterus crouensis Otte, n. sp. last two tergites;venter yellow, blackat baseof subgenitalplate TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, La Females: not known. Crouen, 150 - 250 m, ii 1973 (Krauss). HON- BIOLOGY. Collectedin a hillside forest by OLULU. sweepingthrough the underbrush. A member of Saussure's type series of SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. Podoscirtus insularis from New Caledonia belongs to this species. That specimen, numbered 4734, was designated as a variety by Saussure Adenopterusadmirandus Otte,n. sp. 1878: 640. RECOGNITION.Figs. 32A, 37A. Table 6. Body TPE. Holotype F, New Caledonia,Foret de color darkreddish brown to purple, with rows of Thy,550 m, 1 iii 1960(Gressitt). HONOLULU. white spots on forewings; with a row of white RECOGNITION.Fig. 31D. Table6. Bodycolor spots between all veins. The similarA. lifouensis paleyellowish brown with a darkbrown head and lacks white spots between the central veins. with two darpbrown patches on the yellowish Males: Head: dorsum dark reddish brown, pronotaldisc. shiny, size of ocelli similar to sarrameus; face Females: Head:dorsum dark brown with a and cheeks shiny black. Pronotum: entirly dark pale striperunning from posterior inner margin reddish brown with long silvery pubescence. of theeye to pronotumand with yellowish bands Forewings: gland large and deep; membrane runningfrom inner front margins of eyes through gray, veins darkreddish brown, cross veins white lateralocelli and along lateralmargins of ros- andoval. Hindwings extendingnearly 2 pronotal trum.Rostrum with a mediandark brown stripe lengths beyond forewings. Legs reddish brown. (widestjustanterior to medianocellus) and inter- SPECIMENS. Holotype M, HONOLULU. ruptedat median ocellus, butcontinuing posteri- Paratypes: Syntype F of Podoscirtus insularis orly to Y-shapedsuture located between the lat- Saussure, New Caledonia (Brunner Collection eral ocelli; exteriormargins of rostrumdark No. 4734) VIENNA.Yahoue, iii 1978(Krauss) 1M, brown.Pronotum: dorsum yellowish, with dark HONOLULU;1M, PHILADELPHIA.Oua Tom, 20 brownMAPs; lateral lobes mostlydark reddish ix 1940 (FXW) IM, HONOLULU. 2 km SE of brown,palest along anteriorand posterior mar- Timbia, Ngoue 0 - 5 m, 20 ix 1979 (Gagne) 2M gins. Forewingspale brown with yellowish 2F, HONOLULU.Noumea, 1 1962 (Krauss) 1F, veins. Hindwingsdark brown, extending 0.5 HONOLULU;vii 1950 (Krauss) 1M, HONOLULU. pronotallengths beyond forewings. Fore- and Foret de Thi, 100 - 200 m, 10 iii 1961 (Sedlacek) midlegsreddish brown. Hindfemora pale brown IF, HONOLULU. La Crouen, 31 i 1963 in basalhalf, turningreddish brown in distalhalf, (Yoshimoto & Krauss) 1M, HONOLULU;20 iii kneesyellow; hindtibiae reddish brown. Cerci 1968 (Gressitt& Maa) IF, PHILADELPHIA.Dum- reddishbrown. bea Valley, vi 1950 (Krauss) 1F, HONOLULU.La Males: Not known. Coulee, 23 i 1963 (Yoshimoto) IF, HONOLULU. SPECIMENS.Holotype F, HONOLULU.Para- La Foa, 20 i 1945 (Milliron) 1F, HONOLULU. types: Mt.Koghi, i 1963(Krauss) iF, HONOLULU; 15 ii 1963(Yoshimoto) 1F, HONOLULU;ii 1963 (Krauss)IF, PHILADELPHIA;i 1969 (Krauss) 1F, Adenopterus lifouensis Otte, n. sp. HONOLULU. TYPE.HolotypeM, Loyalty Islands,We, Lifou CrouensisGroup Island, 16 - 18 ii 1963 (Yoshimoto). HONOLULU. RECOGNITION.Figs. 31H, 32B, 37B. Table 6. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 439

A dark reddish brown species with white spots ARCHENOPTERUSn. gen. mainly along the sides of the forewings. Males: Head: dorsumdark brown, with large TYPESPECiES: Archenopterus gressitti Otte,n. sp. yellow ocelli; face and cheeks reddish brown. Pronotum:dorsum darkbrown with long golden RECOGNITIONOFGENUS.Figs. 39-44. Table7. pubescence; lateral lobes black in lower half. Mediumsized for subfamily:BL 13 - 19 mm. Forewings: gland large and deep; dorsumbrown Forewingswith a stridulum,also with a forewing centrally and with a wavy white band along the glandat anterior end of M vein (size anddepth of margins; lateral field with rows of white spots. organvaries among species). Head: with 3 ocelli, Legs uniformly reddish brown. Hindlegs: fem- medianone usuallysmaller than lateral ones, in ora brown, tibiae darkerthan femora. one speciesvery tiny. Maxillarypalps with a SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- short,wide, ultimate segment. Pronotum widen- types: Same data as holotype, 1M,PHILADEL- ing stronglyposteriorly in species with wide PHIA. Same locality but ii 1962 (Krauss) 1F, forewings. Innerchord connecting to diagonal HONOLULU.Lifou Island, 1 kmW of Doueoulou, vein andnot to outertwo chords. Harpwith 5 - 5 - 35 m, 19 viii 1979 (Gagne) 1F, HONOLULU. 10veins. Sc veinwith 6-1-0 branches. Hindwings extendingbeyond forewings. Subgenitalplate elongateand pointed at apex(as in Adenopterus Adenopterus saussurei Chopard ). Foretibiaewith both inner and outer tympana, theseare large and nearly equal in size. Foretib- RECOGNITION. Fig. 38A. Table 6. Nearly iae with2 andmidtibiae with 3 apicalspurs. FW/ identical to lifouensis, but differing in the shape FL, 0.20 - 0.27. Hindtibiaewith 5 innerand 5 of the male epiphallus. Forewing glandularpits outerapical spurs (all locatedin distalhalf) and similar to lifouensis. We treatthese specimens as with3 innerand 3 outerapical spurs. Spurso-1 distinct from lifouensis because more than 100 to o-4 small,closely spacedat apex. Cercilong km of water separatesthem and differences exist andslender. in the epiphalli (more pointed in noumeus). Females: very similar to females of lifouensis. SPECIMENS.New Caledonia, Noumea, light Archenopterusgressitti Otte,n. sp. trap, 20 ii 1963 (Yoshimoto & Krauss). IM, 4F, HONOLULU& PHILADELPHIA. TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Mt Koghi,28 viii 1968 (Gressittand Maa). HON- OLULU. Adenopterus baloghi Gorochov RECOGNITION.Figs. 39B, 40A, 41B, 42A. Table7. Males: Body color pale brown,fore- Adenopterusbaloghi Gorochov 1986:706. Isle of wingglands large and deep. Head:median ocel- Pines, New Caledonia, 10 i 1977 (J. Balogh). HUN- lusdistinctly smaller than lateral ones; vertex and GARIANMUSEUM. Type not examined. occiputpale brown,becoming dark brown on foreheadbetween ocelli; face and cheekspale The type is a female from the Isle of Pines. brown. Pronotum:entirely pale brown. Fore- wings: dorsumpale brown,covered with fine pubescence;Sc with 8 branches. Hindwings: extenting2 pronotallengths beyond forewings. Legs all uniformlypale brown. Females: not known. 440 D. OTITE,R. D. ALEXANDER AND W. CADE

Table 7. Comparisonof Archenopterusspecies.

BL FL OL CL FWLJ Ti! No. file PL FL teeth

hemipteroides HM 19 11 - - 5.1 0.9 230 PF Rousettes 19 13 115. - 5.4 0.91 - PF Amieu 17 12.3 11 16 5.8 - - bouensis HM 20 12 - - 5.4 0.92 298 gressitti HM 17 11.1 - - 5 0.92 209 amoensis HM 13.3 7.7 - 15 5.7 0.96 - maai HM 13.5 8.5 - 8 6 0.99 220 hemiphonus HM 12 8.5 - - 5.8 - 28

SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU. Hindfemorapale brown with rows of scattered spots along its length. Cerci pale. Females: Not known. Archenopterus maai Otte, n. sp. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- types: Yahoue, 60 - 100 m, ii 1980 (Krauss) 1M, TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia, MtKoghi, PHILADELPHIA.Mt. Koghis, 400 - 600 m, i 1969 18 viii 1968 (Gressitt and Maa). HONOLULU. (Krauss)IM, HONOLULU. RECOGNITION.Figs. 39C, 40E, 41C, 43A. Table 7. Males: Dorsum of body patternedas figured. Head: dorsumwith a single broadband Archadenopterus hemipteroides Otte, n. sp. behindeach eye, and with a yellow striperunning from inner margin of eye through the lateral TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,MtPanie, ocelli and onto forehead;face straw yellow, but 500 - 1000 m, 11 x 1967 (Sedlacek). HONOLULU. with two small dark stripes descending from RECOGNITION.Figs. 39A, 40B, 41A, 42B. dorsum onto upper face; cheeks mostly reddish Table 7. Males with broad shoulders on fore- brown posterior to eyes, yellowish below eyes. wings, pronotumwidening strongly posteriorly, Pronotum: dorsum reddish brown with lateral and with a narrowhead. yellow stripes; lateral lobes pale brown. Fore- Males: Blackish on shoulders of forewing, wings: dorsumgray with darkbrown veins, with sides of pronotumand top of head. Head: dorsum a narrow ivory stripe along forewing angle; lat- dark brown becoming black cephalad between eral field pale brown,dark brown between Sc and ocelli and rostrum, lateral ocelli large, median R veins and along forewing glands. Hindwings ocellus small, almost obsolete; face and cheeks extending about 3 pronotallengths beyond fore- straw yellow. Pronotum: dorsum mostly pale wings. Fore- and midlegs pale reddish brown. reddish brown, tuming black at margins; lateral CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 441

/G39Aceotu.AhmpeoemaeBgrstiml

FIG.39. Archenopterus.A, hemipteroidesmale. B, gressitti male. lobesblack in uppertwo thirds,pale along lower Pronotum:dorsum pale brown, lateral lobes margin.Forewings: dorsum with huge forewing black in upperhalf, pale brownin lower half. glands,very broad, pale brown on mostof dorsal Legs all pale. Abdomenpale brown. surface,dark brown to blackanterior to glands; SPECIMENS.HolotypeM, HONOLULU.Para- lateralfield with 9 branchesof Sc vein. Hind- types: Col des Rousettes, 450 - 550 m, 4 ii 1963 wings extending 1.5 pronotallengths beyond (Gressitt)IF, HONOLULU.Col d'Amieu,650 m, forewings. All femoraand cerci uniformly pale 31 iii 1968(Gressitt and Maa) 1F, PHILADELPHIA. brown. Females: bodymuch narrower than in males, especially throughthe forewings.Body color Archenopterusbouensis Otte, n. sp. palebrown, but black on topof headand sides of pronotum.Head: black from vertexonto ros- TYPE.Holotype M, New Caledonia,Mt. Koghi, trum;lateral ocelli large,median one verysmall, forest on west slope of Mt. Bouo, 26 ii 1983 almostinvisible; face and cheeks pale brown. (Alexander,Cade & Otte). ANN ARBOR 442 D. O1TE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

HABITAT. Collected in forest undergrowth about10 feet abovethe ground. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, ANN ARBOR.

Archenopterusamoensis Otte, n. sp.

TYPE. HolotypeM, New Caledonia,Amoa Valley,7 ii 1963(Krauss). HONOLULU. RECOGNITION.Figs. 40D, 41E, 43B. Table7. Males:Body pale, straw-colored. Head: dorsum reddishbrown, with two pale stripesextending fromrear margin of eyes to pronotum,also with a pale bandrunning from inner margins of eye pastlateral ocelli to level of medianocellus; face andcheeks pale. Pronotum:dorsum pale brown with ivory stripesalong lateralmargin; lateral lobes slightlydarker than dorsum. Forewings: dorsumpale brownwith large shallow forewing gland; lateral field pale brown, Sc with 6 branches. Hindwings extending 2 pronotal lengthsbeyond forewings. All legs uniformly palebrown. Hindfemora with black crescents of / S knee. Hind basitarsuswith an extremelylong innerapical spur, aboutas long as thirdtarsal segment. Females: not known. FIG.39C. Archenopterusmaai male. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.

RECOGNmIION.Figs. 40F, 41D, 44B. Table7. Archenopterushemiphonus Otte, n. sp. Male:Large for genus,very pale in colorbut withdistinctive dark markings on pronotumand TYPE Holotype M, New Caledonia,Col forewings.Head: dorusm reddish brown; scape d'Amieu,650 m, 21 iii 1968 (Gressitt). HON- yellow;face yellowishon frons,pearly white on OLULU. clypeus and labrum;cheeks ivory. Pronotum: RECOGNMIION.Figs. 41F, 44A. Table 7. dorsummarked as in figure;lateral lobes ivory in Males: Body color gray-brownwith yellow lower quarter,dark brown in middlehalf, and postocular stripe which continues on the yellow in upperquarter. Forewings: with huge pronotumand the forewings. Head: dorsum forewinggland; color generally pale and translu- darkbrown with a narrowyellow stripefrom cent,but with dark brown veins; lateral fieldpale, posteriorinner margin of eye to pronotumand a darkbrown around forewing gland. Hindwings yellow striperunning from the anteriorinner extendingapproximately 1.5 pronotallengths marginof the eye throughall threeocelli; face beyondforewings. Abdomen entirely pale. Legs andcheeks pale, yellowish. Pronotum:dorsum all ivorycolored. darkbrown, with yellow lateralbands; MAPs SONG.Fig. 45. palerthan surrounding areas; lateral lobes brown CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 443 to darkbrown. Forewings: gray with dark brown veins;with yellow stripe at lateral margins which is interruptedby the forewinggland and again at the midpoitof the forewing. Sc and R veins brown;M vein yellow beforeand after the forewing gland, then brownposterior of the point whereitjoins theR vein. Cu1brown to midpoint of wing,then yellow. Cu2not fully developedas a stridulumand with about 28 smallteeth. Hind- wingsextend about two pronotallengths beyond the forewings. Females: not known. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.

APHONOIDESChopard

AphonoidesChopard1940: 203. Typespecies: Gryllus (Eneoptera)punctatus Haan 1942:232. Designated by Chopard1968: 399.

Thisgenus is knownmainly from Australia and New Guinea.Aphonoides ouveus is thusfar the only known memberof the genus from this regionof the Pacific. See Otte and Alexander (1983)for a discussionof this genus.

Aphonoidesouveus Otte,n. sp.

TYPE.Holotype M, LoyaltyIslands, Ouvea, Fayaoue,0 - 50 m, i 1969(Krauss). HONOLULU. RECOGNITION.Fig. 20C. Males: Bodycolor palestraw-yellow. Head: Ocelli all large,nearly equalin size. Scape2.0 timesas wideas frontof rostrum. Face and cheeks straw yellow. Pronotum,forewings, and legs straw yellow; dorsalfield of forewingswith 7 parallelveins besidesCu1 vein. Hindwingsextend 1.5 pronotal lengthsbeyond forewings. Foretibiae with 2 and midtibiaewith 3 apicalspurs; hind tibiae with 6 innerand 5 outersubapical spurs. Foretibiae witha largeinner and no outertympanal opening. Measurementsof holotypeand paratpe (mm): BL, 12, 14;FL, 8.2,9.0; FWL/PL,6.0, - ; TIJEL, FIG. 40. A-F, Archenopterusmale forewings show- 0.92, -. ing forewing gland. A, gressitti. B, hemipteroides.C, maai. D, amoensis. E, maai.F, bouensis. G. A. bouen- Females: Not known. sis holotype pronotum. D. OTTE, R. D. ALEXANDER AND W. CADE

SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- dorsum and venter pale brown; subgenital plate type: same locality but ii 1963 (Krauss) 1M, darkgray-brown, emarginate at distal end. Fore- PHILADELPHIA. wings: dorsal field lateral field. Hindwings extending one half PL beyond forewings. Legs: pale brown, Hindfemora with numerous pale CALSCIRTUSn. gen. brown oblique stripes; hind tibiae with 5 inner subapicalspurs (paniensis with 3); hind basitar- TYPESPECIES: Caledoscirtus amoa Otte, n. sp. sus with 2 inner and 3 outer dorsal spines, two at apex. Cerci pale at base, dark brown through RECOGNITIONOF GENUS. Figs. 46-50. Table most of basal half, then pale. 8. Body slender, color pale brown to straw yel- BIOLOGY. Collected in a tree in a riverine low. Rostrum very narrow. Fore- and midfem- forest. ora very broad. Median ocellus tiny or obsolete. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. Head and pronotum covered with medium to dense pubescence. Pronotumappearing longer than wide, actually slightly wider than long; Calscirtus paniensis Otte, n. sp. MAPs distinctly triangular;pronotal margins without very large bristles, but may have a dense TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Loc 27, growth of finer setae. Forewings extending ca. 17 km east of Oubatche, coastal forest, 6 iii beyond end of abdomen. Males with a stridulum 1983 (Alexander, Cade, and Otte). PHILADEL- and a well-developed mirror. Hindwings PHIA. extending beyond forewings. Subgenital plate RECOGNITION.Figs. 47F, 48C, 49A, 50A. elongate but not coming to a narrowpoint as in Table 8. Epiphallus extremely wide; ectopara- Adenopterus. Tympanal openings on inner and meres symmetrical. outer faces, nearly equal in size. Foretibiaewith Males: Head: dorsumslightly concave betwen 3 and midtibiae with 4 apical spurs. Hind tibiae eyes and lateral ocelli. Differing from other with 5 inner and 5 outer subapical spursand with species mainly in size and by the male genitalia 3 inner and 3 outer apical spurs. Spurs begin and in possessing only 3 inner subapical spurs. above middle of tibiae (they begin at or below Subgenital plate dark brown. Hindwings this point in Adenopterus andArchenopterus. extending about one pronotal length beyond forewings. Hind basitarsuswith one inner and two outer dorsal spines. Calscirtus amoa Otte, n. sp. BIOLOGY.Collected in low foliage of a 30 foot tree in anortheasterncoastal forest. Othermales TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, Amoa were singing in higher trees. River, 3 km west of main road, near Poindimie, SPECIMENS.Holotype M, PHILADELPHIA. 3 iii 1983 (Alexander, Cade, and Otte). ANSP. RECOGNITION.Figs. 47D, 48F, 49C, 50B. Table 8. Apical area of forewing shorter than Calscirtus timbiensis Otte, n. sp. mirror. Inner and outer subapical spurs on hind tibiae extending into apical half of tibia.Epiphal- TYPE. Holotype M, New Caledonia, 2 km lus deeply grooved at apex. southeastof Timbia, Ngoue, 0 - 5 m, 20 ix 1979 Males: Head: dorsum unpattemed, area be- (Gagne, Nishida, and Samuelson). HONOLULU. tween eyes and ocelli flat or slightly convex (not RECOGNITION.Figs. 46, 47A, B, 48A, 49B, concave as in timbiensis; face and cheeks very 50C, D. Table 8. Epiphallus very wide at base, pale. Pronotum: dorsum variegatedpale brown then narrowingstrongly at apex, with a small U- and ivory; laterallobes entirelypale. Abdomen: shaped apical notch; ectoparameres highly CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 445

D E F

FIG. 41. Archenopterusmale forewings. A, hemipteroides.B, gressitti. C, maai D, bouensis. E, amoensis. F, hemiphonus. 446 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

FIG. 42. Archenopterusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, gressitti. B, hemipteroides.

Table 8. Comparisonof Calscirtusspecies (see Methods for abbreviations).

BL FL CL FLW/PL No. subapical spurs inner/outer

paniensis M 33 17 10.3 2.3 3/5 timbiensis M 24 13.3 10 4.4 5/5 M 23 12.6 10 4.7 5/5 koghi M 22 11.8 ca.8.0 3.9 5/5 CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 447

I'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

FIG. 43. Archenopterusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, maai. B, amoensis. asymmetricalwith only right one developedinto MATUANUSGorochov a spine. Males: Head distinctly concave in region TYPESPECES: Matuanuspriapus (Saussure) boundedby eyes andlateral ocelli. Hindtibiae withca. 21 outerand 15 inner tibial spines. Hind RECOGNIONOF GENUS. Figs. 25E, 51-53. basitarsuswith 2 innerand 2 outerdorsal spines. Table8. Male genitaliasymmetrical, epiphallus BIOLOGY.Collected in coastalforest. elongate,upturned at apex and coming to two SONG. Not known. small apical points; ectoparamereshinged at SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- base,slender, and capable of movingventrally or types: La Foa, 3 ii 1945 (Milliron)1M, HON- laterallywith respectto epiphallus,terminating OLULU. Mt Koghi,420 m, 21 ix 1979(Gagne, is a small hook; virga very stout. Forewings Nishida, and Samuelson) IM, HONOLULU. usually withouta stridulum(if a stridulumis presentthe wing is otherwisesimplified, showing loss of the mirror,harp and chords,e.g., elegans). Body slender;male forewingswithout a mir- 448 D. OTrE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

A \X -\

rhnpeu aegntla(ooye) FIG.LK4 ,hmpou.B oess

ror;in one species(elegans) the male possesses a Matuanus priapus (Saussure) stridulum,in the other(roussettes) it does not. Rostrumrelativelybroad: 0.63 - 0.75 timeswidth PodoscirtuspriapusSaussure 1877:648. Types M and of antennalscape. Large tympanalopenings on F, New Caledonia(Brunner de Wattenwyl,No. bothinner and outer faces. Foretibiaewith 3 and 5964).VIENNA. The types were not seen;the were midtibiaewith 4 apicalspurs. Hindtibiae with requestedbut could not be located.The illustrations 5 innerand 5 outersubapical spurs and 3 inner of priapusare from Gorochov (1986) andare pre- and3 outerapical spurs. Subgenitalplate taper- sumedto be of thisspecies. ing to a point, but not nearly as long as in Mundapriapus, Chopard 1968: 411. Adenopterusor Archenopterus. TL/FL, 0.93 - 0.95; FW/FL, 0.26 - 0.28. RECOGNITION.Fig. 52C. CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 449

Tremellia sp? Loc 5

t**Wl*#lullWlllltlllllbllllllW *|llllllllllWWllWlll {Trem-ellia sp? Loc 12

Tremellia caledonica Loc 5

WIIII*IIIII*IXI4**l*!Iilul$%lll*ll|ll*"jli*lUl*||l*lWlbTremellia sp? Loc 22

-'Tremellia

Loc 5

11111|1111111 llllllllllllllllllllllll Tremellia IIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIII"IW tiwaka Loc 30

Calscirtus paniensis Loc 27

I4ji~~~~~I~~~~~~Calscirtus titus amoa LOC 19

isin elArchenopterus bouensis Loc 5

60,004PNOV ~~~~~~~Archenopterusbouensis Loc 5

Oecanthus rufescens Loc 3 1 sec -

FIG. 45. Songs of Tremellia, Calscirtus, Archenopterusand Oecanthus species (Loc, locality).

Matuanus caledonicus (Saussure) wide and open at apex (most similar toflavom- aculatus but apex of virga much wider and apex Aphonuscaledonicus Saussure1878: 658. Holotype F, of ectoparameresmore like a corkscrew). New Caledonia (Brunner collection). VIENNA. Males: A dark reddish brown with pale line Aphonomorphus, Kirby 1906: 105. Aphonoides, along the lateral margins of forewings. Head: Chopard1968: 401. Type examined. NEWCOMBI- dorsumrusty brown then black from midpointof NATION. eyes to median ocellus; face reddish brown; cheeks rusty colored with a small yellow mark RECOGNITION.Fig. 52B. Table 9. Virga of along lower-posteriormargin of the eye; median male genitalia extending beyond epiphallus, very ocellus very small. Forewings: dorsumwith 9 or 450 D. OITE, R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

10 parallel veins excluding Cul; veins dark brown,except pale brownto yellow alongmar- ginsof dorsalfield; lateral field blackish. Sc vein dark;R and M veins yellow throughouttheir length (R brownin flavomaculatus);Cu1 vein brown in basal sixth, then yellow throughout remaininglength; Cu2 though about basal third. Hindwingsextending about two pronotal lengths beyondforewings. All legs yellowish brown. Abdomen:subgenital plate taperingto a point, thoughnot as long as in Adenopterus. Females: very similarto males in color but larger. SPECIMENS.HolotypeM, VIENNA. Paratypes: Col des Roussettes, 450 - 550 m, 4 - 6 ii 1963 (Krauss)1M, HONOLULU. Yiambi, NE, 0 - 50 m, 15 x 1967(Sedlacek) IF, HONOLULU.Valle de Thy, 250 - 500 m, 28 iii 1981 (Gressittand McPherson)1F, HONOLULU. Sarramea,12 ii 1963(Yoshimoto) 1M, HONOLULU. 25 km W of Canala,forest, 1 iii 1983(Alexander, Cade, and Otte) IF, PHILADELPHIA.Above Kon6,road to Panaki,forest, 7 iii 1983(Alexander, Cade & Otte #30) 1F, PHILADELPHIA.West of Ponerihouen, t Mt Aopinie,550 m, 30 vii 1971(Gressitt) 1M, HONOLULU.Mokoue to Dothio,150 - 500 m, 20 iii 1968(Gressitt) IF, HONOLULU.Hienghene, 0 - 100 m, i 1971(Krauss) IF, HONOLULU. IfAA &A/IN" IIMF INMI Matuanuselegans Otte,n. sp.

TYPE. HolotypeM, New Caledonia,25 kn C19 fromCol de Roussettes,6 ii 1963(Krauss) PHILA- DELPHIA. RECOGNITION.Figs. 25, 51, 52A. Table 9. Bodypatterned as figured.Virga long andtubu- larand with a tuftof hairsat the apex. Males: Head:dorsum black posterior to me- FIG. 46. Calscirtus timbiensis male. dian ocellus; face ivory colored,with a broad brown band descending to the clypeus. Pronotum:dorsum rusty colored;lateral lobes rustycolored in upperhalf, ivoryin lowerhalf. Forewings:with a stridulumbut without a mirror; dorsalfield with a row of ivory spots on black backgroundalong Cu1 vein; spots located atjunc- CRICKETS OF NEW CALEDONIA 451

FIG.47. Calscirtus.A, B, timbiensisforeleg (left, inner; right, outer). C, timbiensismidleg outer. D, amoa. E, timbiensis.F, paniensis.

tion of Cu1branches; also ivory alongpronotal becomingdark brown. margin.Hindwings extending one halfa prono- SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU.Para- tal lengthbeyond forewings. Legs markedas in types: Yahoue,20 ii 1963 (Yoshimoto)IM, Fig. 51. HONOLULU;60 - 100 m ii 1980 (Krauss)1M, Femalesmarked as in males. Occiputwith 2 PHILADELPHIA.Col de Pitehikara,300 - 450 m, shortpale longitudinallines one eitherside of 8 i 1969(Krauss) IM, HONOLULU.Mt. Panie, 8 ii medialline. Posteriorportion of pronotaldisc 1963(Krauss) 1M, HONOLULU. Pouebo, 26 i 1964 452 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

(Straatman)IM, HONOLULU.Col d'Amieu, 650 m 31 iii 1968(Gressitt and Maa) 1M,HONOLULU. A Col de Rousettes,450 - 550 m, 4 ii 1963 (Krauss) IM, HONOLULU. Mt Koghi, 27 i 1963 (Yoshimoto) IM, HONOLULU;ii 1962 (Krauss) B IM HONOLULU;i 1969 (Krauss) IM, HONOLULU; 26 i 1963 (Yoshimoto and Krauss) IM, PHILA- DELPHIA;ii 1973 (Krauss) 1F, PHILADELPHIA;5 C i- -~ iii 1960(Gressitt) 1F, HONOLULU;i 1969, 1FHON- OLULU;27 i 1963 (Yoshimoto) 1F HONOLULU;ii D -__ 1973 (Krauss) 1F, HONOLULU.Foret de Thi (or Thy), 100 - 200 m, 10 iii 1961 (Sedlacek) 1M PHILADELPHIA;550 m, 6 iii 1960 (Gressitt) 1F HONOLULU;100 - 300 m, 25 iii 1961 (Sedlacek) , /~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 IF, HONOLULU.Poindimie, 11 ii 1963 (Krauss) .$1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1iM HONOLULU.Col d'Amieu, 750 m, 3 iii 1960 (Gressitt) IF, HONOLULU. 25 km from Col de v F Rousettes,6 ii 1963(Krauss) 1F, HONOLULU.Col de Pirogue, 14 ii 1963 (Krauss) IF, HONOLULU. FIG. 48. Calscirtus hind tibiae. A, timbiensis Col de Rousettes, 4 ii 1963 (Krauss) 1F, HON- outer;B, inner.C, paniensisouter; D, inner.E, OLULU. La Foa-Canalasaddle, 480 - 500 m, 30 amoaouter; F, inner. i 1963 (Yoshimoto) 1F, HONOLULU. Kon6,

Table 9. Comparisonof Matuanusspecies. V, numberof parallelveins on dorsumof forewings (not including Cul). See Methods for abbreviations.

BL FL CL FWIJPL OIJFL V

caledonicus 5M 14-18 11-12 8-9 5.7-6.4 - 8-10 6F 18-21 12-14 11.5-13.5 6.3-6.7 0.89-0.97 9 flavomaculatus HM 14 9.4 7 5.9 - 8 PM Plum 14.5 10.2 8 6.3 - 8 PM Plum 13 8.2 - 6 - 9 PF Paita 17 - 12 6.6 - 10 PF I. Pines 17.3 12.1 12 6 0.93 9 PF Koghi 18 11.7 11.1 7.3 0.98 8 PF Yahoue 17 13 12 6.4 0.96 9 PF Mt Mou 17 11.5 - 5.9 1.07 8 neoplumas HM 14 - - 5.9 - 9 rufidulus HF 11.7 - 5 0.79 - elegans SM 18-21 13-14 11-12 5.8-6.4 - 10-14 5F 23-27 15-17 12-16 6.2-6.3 0.76- 0.87 CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 453

s~~~~

Z-7-

FIG.49. Calscirtusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, paniensis.B, timbiensis.C, amoa.

B (( D

FIG. 50. Calscirtus. A,paniensis male genitalia showing position of spermatophore.B, amoa genitalia showing position of spermatophore.C, D, timbiensis showing angle of spermatophorebefore it is removed. 454 D. OTTE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

mountainforest, road to Panaki,7 iii 1983(Alex- ander, Cade and Otte) 1F,PHILADELPHIA.

Matuanusrufidulus (Saussure)

PodoscirtusrufidulusSaussure1878: 648. HolotypeF, La Nouvelle-Calddonie(Collect de M.Brunnerde Wattenwyl).VIENNA.Podoscirtus, Kirby 1906: 104.Munda, Chopard1968: 411. Type examined. NEWCOMBINATION.

NOTESONHOLOTYPE. Table 9. Body color pale orangebrown; pronotum reddish. Head: dorsum orangebrown with slightly darker areas between eyes and on rostrum;face orange-brown,with darkmarkings at upper end of frons;cheeks with a darkarea near lower margin.Pronotum: dorsumreddish; lateral lobes orange-brown.Fore- wings uniformin color, with 10 parallelveins. I Hindwingsextending about one pronotallength beyondforewings. Foretibiaewith largeinner andouter tympana. Foretibiae with 3 andmid- tibiaewith 3 apicalspurs. Legs uniformpale orange-brown.Hind tibiae with 5 innerand 5 outer subapicalspurs. Crescentsof hindknees black. I- 4

Matuanusflavomaculatus Gorochov FIG.51. Mausanuseleganv male. FIG.51. Matuamls elegans male.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 Matuanusflavomaculatus Gorochov 1986: 705. HolotypeF, New Caledonia,Mt Koghi. LENIN- GRAD.

RECOGNITION.Fig. 52. Table9. Virgaof male genitaliaextending to end of epiphallus,but narrowand pointed at apex;(apex of virganar- rowand apex of ectoparameresmore like a small beak). Males: Similar to caledonicus. Body color darkreddish brown, legs paler. Dorsalfield of forewingsyellow at base and along margins. Head: dorsumreddish brown, black between vertexand median ocellus; with narrow yellow stripe running from posterior of eyes to pronotum;face reddishbrown, with two yellow markingsbetween lower marginsof antennal CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 455

FIG. 52. Matuanusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, elegans. B, caledonicus. C, priapus. 456 D. OTIE,R. D. ALEXANDERAND W. CADE

FIG. 53. Matuanusmale genitalia (holotypes). A, neoplumus,B, flavomaculatus.

socketsand with a yellow markingalong lower spurs; hind tibiae with 5 inner and 5 outer posteriormargin of theeyes. Pronotum:unicol- subapical spurs. orousdark reddish brown. Forewings:dorsum Females: very similar to males, but larger. darkbrown, each forewingwith a largeyelllow SPECIMENS.Holotype M, LENINGRAD.New markingat base(includes bases of Cu2,1A, 2A, Caledonia, St. Louis Valley, 17 iii 1945 (H. E. and3A veins),and with a yellowstreak along the Milliron) 1M, HONOLULU.Between Plum and lateralmargins. Sc veinbrown, Sc branchesalso Yati, 25 iii 1968 (Gressitt) 1M, PHILADELPHIA.6 brownat base then becoming yellow ventrally in km north of Paita, 25 i 1963 (Yoshimoto) 1F, somespecimens; R vein brown,M vein andarea HONOLULU.Isle of Pines, iii 1959 (Krauss) iF, betweenR and M yellow; Cul vein brownin HONOLULU.Mt Koghi, 500 m, 27 x 1967 (Sed- basalsixth, then yellow. Legs all orange-brown. lacek) iF, HONOLULU.Yahoue, 60 - 100 m, ii Hindfemoraorange-brown, darker on knees. 1969(Krauss) 1F, HONOLULU.MtMou, 11 ii 1962 Foretibiaewith 3 andmiddle tibiae with 4 apical (Krauss) 1F, HONOLULU.Mt. Koghi, Foret de CRICKETSOF NEW CALEDONIA 457

Thi,530 m, 8 iii 1961(Sedlacek) 1F, HONOLULU. CHOPARD,L. 1968. OrthopterorumCatalogus. Pars 12. La Coulee,23 i 1963(Krauss) 1F, HONOLULU. St. W. Junk, Gravenhage Louis,viii, 1M,HONOLULU. 10kmNWPlum, 24 CHOPARD,L. 1970. Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen iii 1968(Gressitt and Maa) 1M,HONOLULU. Neukaledonien-Expedition1965. Neue und wenig bekannteOrthopteren aus Neukaledonien.II. Gryl- lodea. Ann. Naturhistor.Mus. Wien 74: 285-288. Matuanusneoplumus Otte, n. sp. GOROCHOV,A. V. 1986. New and little known crickets (Orthoptera,Gryllidae) from Australia and Oceania. TYPE. Holotype M, Yahoue, 22 i 1963 Revue d'Entomologie de l'URSS 65 (4): 692-708. (Yoshimoto).HONOLULU. GREssrrr,J. L. 1961. Problemsin the zoogeographyof RECOGNITION.Fig. 52. Table9. Verysimilar Pacific and Antarcticinsects. Pacific insects Mono- to caledonicusbut virga short and wide, not graph 2: 1-127. extendingbeyond the ectoparamers. HOLLOWAY,J. D. 1979. A survey of the Lepidoptera, Males:Body color darkreddish brown, with Biogeography and Ecology of New Caledonia. yellow lateralstripes. Head:occiput reddish Dr. W. Junk, The Hague. brown,black from vertex to medianocellus; with KROENKE,L. W. 1984. Cenozoic tectonic development a narrowyellow stripebehind each eye; median of the SouthwestPacific. U.N.ESCAP,CCOP/SOPAC ocellusaboutone third the size of thelateral ocel- Techical Bulletin 6: 1-123. lus; face reddish brown;cheeks with a small COLEMAN,P. J. 1980. Plate tectonics backgroundto bio- yellow spot at lower posteriormargin of eyes. geographicdevelopment in the SouthwestPacific of Pronotumuniform reddish brown. Forewings: the last 100 million years. Paleogeography,Paleo- dorsumgray brown with darkerveins; anterior climatology and Paleoecology 31(24): 105-122. end withlarge yellow patch at basesof CuV,1A, OrrE,D. AND R. D. ALEXANDER.1983. The Australian 2A, and 3A. Sc andRveins brown, M veinbright Crickets.Academy of NaturalSciences Monograph yellow in basal third,then less brightover re- 22:1-477. maininglength. Culvein brownin basalquarter OrrE,D. AND D. C. RENTZ. 1985. The crickets of Lord then yellow through remainder.Fore- and Howe and Norfolk Islands (Orthoptera,Gryllidae). midlegs orange-brown.Hindlegs lost. Hind- Proceedingsof the Academy of NaturalSciences of wingsextending two pronotal lengths beyond the Philadelphia 137(2): 79-101. forewings. SAUSSURE,H. DE. 1878. Mdlanges orthopterologiques, Females: not known. 6e fasc., MWm.Soc. Geneve, XXV: 369-696. SPECIMENS.Holotype M, HONOLULU. THIORNTON,I. W. B. 1980. Plate tectonics andthe distri- butionof the insect family Philotarsidae(Order Pso- coptera)in the Southwest Pacific. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology and Paleoecology 31(24): 251- LITERATURECITED 266.

BALLANCE,P. F. (ed.).1980.Plate tectonics and biogeo- graphyin the southwestPacific: the last 100 million years. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology and Paleoecology 31(2-4): 101-372. CHoPARD,L. 1915.Gryllidae de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty. F. Sarasin & J. Roux (ed) Nova Caledonia,Zoologie Vol. II, No. 8. C. W. Kreidels Verlag, Wiesbaden. CHOPARD,L. 1967.Orthopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. W. Junk, Gravenhage