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Coral Reef Status Report for the Northern Mariana Islands

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Coral Reef Status Report for the Northern Mariana Islands 1 Coral reef condition: 20 8 A status report for the FAIR NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS Coral reefs are important Healthy coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, with high cultural and economic significance. Located in the western Pacific basin, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is made up of 14 islands extending over 600 kilometers. Coral reefs are important to the people of CNMI because they provide traditional and subsistence uses, production of commercial food products, recreational opportunities for a healthy tourist economy, and physical protection from storms. Culture and Food The indigenous ethnic groups of the Marianas, the Chamorro and Carolinian, are closely tied to the natural environment. Surveys indicate that about 96% of residents who go fishing, do so to feed their families. Ancient Chamorros and Carolinians were expert fishermen with inherent knowledge of harvesting reef fish species such as tàtaga (unicornfish), mafute’ (emperor), and palakse’ (parrotfish). Traditional fishing methods such as Trianni Mike spearfishing and talaya (throw-net) help preserve the cultural identity of the islands. The connection between coral reefs and society is integral as the reefs provide habitat for most species as well as numerous ecosystem services, including protection of culturally significant areas along the CNMI coastlines. Surveys of CNMI residents indicate that 91% of respondents agree that coral reefs are important to their culture (NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science 2018). Alexandra Fries Alexandra Tourism The economic importance of the CNMI coral reef ecosystem is significant. In addition to providing food, shelter, and cultural significance for the citizens of CNMI, the coral reefs generate revenue from tourists and recreational users that are attracted to the beauty of the coral and its inhabitants. Tourists visit CNMI to swim, snorkel, dive, and experience both the beautiful coral reefs and the organisms that call them home. Tourism and development NOAA sustain the economy of CNMI. Striking a balance between facilitating economic growth and managing coastal resources in a sustainable manner continues to prove itself a challenge. However, multi-agency partnerships are invaluable towards the implementation of management actions that support economic growth while considering coastal conservation. Conservation and protection of the reefs will allow tourists and locals alike to enjoy the benefits they provide. Knexon Cho Knexon The first known contact 1944Americans invade Saipan Development 1986 1994 2000 2009 2017 1500 bce 1521 and capture the Marianas. 1960 1980 Fishing gear restrictions with Western Europe boom in the 1980s 1983 The Chamorro and Sasanhaya Bay The last garment Coral bleaching The first humans arrive Volcanic and marine protected areas occurs by the Spanish. and 1990s results Crown of Carolinians are given Fish Reserve factory closes. event. in the Marianas. The Japanese invade and take over 1944 eruption in 1975 in 15.4% increase thorns (COTS) U.S. Citizenship as the established. (Managaha, Bird, Forbidden) 2013 1912 the Marianas from the Germans. The U.S. Army destroys coral Pagan. in population. outbreak. territory acquires U.S. are established. After WWI, the League of Nations Federal law establishes Coral bleaching to use as building material for Commonwealth status. Typhoon award the Marianas to Japan as CNMI as a United event. airfield runway construction. 2002Pongsona mandated territory. States territory. 1977 1990 1999 2016 CNMI adopts 1981 Typhoon Paka Recessions in Japan 2014 Coral bleaching 1905 Casino industry 1000 ce s 1947 constitution. Pagan Volcano and South Korea result event. 1898 Arrival of the Caroline 1930 starts on Saipan. The oldest Latte stones have After the Spanish Islanders who primarily CNMI recognized as a 1981 erupts and all 1999 in drop in tourism. A thriving fishing industry United Nations Trust inhabitants are 1990 been dated to approximately American War, Spain settle in Saipan and Tinian. Fish and Wildlife Division Tourism and apparel Moratorium on harvest 2014 develops on Saipan, as well as Treaty administered by evacuated. 2004 1000 CE. The “Latte Period” sells the Mariana Islands established in the CNMI manufacturing of seaweed, sea grass, Increase in Coral bleaching a sugar industry. the United States. lasts until 1521. to Germany. Department of Natural Resources. industries flourish. and sea cucumbers. COTS densities. event. reefs are under threat what you can do to help Coral reefs in the CNMI are threatened by unsustainable There are many threats to coral reefs. Here are a few fishing practices, climate change, land-based sources of actions YOU can take to help conserve coral reefs: pollution, overuse, and lack of enforcement. Unsustainable fishing Unsustainable fishing occurs when too many fish Be responsible for the fishing or all of one specific type of fish are taken. This gear that you use. causes fish species to decline on the coral reefs and Only catch enough fish for ouy impacts reef health. It also means that there aren't and your family and be aware of as many fish available as food, and some species fisheries regulations. may disappear altogether. Sustainable fishing practices allow fish populations to be maintained Do not take fish from and support the coral reef ecosystem. Marine marine protected areas. protected areas also help support fish populations. Climate Change Reduce energy use and your Globally, climate change stressors, like ocean carbon footprint. warming and acidification, are the leading threats to coral reefs. In the CNMI, reefs have undergone Pick up your own trash and mass coral bleaching events during four of the carry away the trash that last five years, resulting in reduced coral cover and others have left behind. changes in community composition. It is imperative to reduce local stressors that negatively affect the Support initiatives to reef’s ability to withstand climatic changes as well preserve and protect as to protect resilient coral populations. coral reefs. Land based sources of pollution Plant native vegetation to Nonpoint source pollution is a leading cause of prevent sediment and pollutants coral reef degradation in the southern CNMI. Water from reaching the reef. quality is particularly impacted by urban runoff, failing sewage systems, unpaved roads, farms, land clearing, and development. Stormwater that drains Don’t dump household chemicals to the sea carries sediment and excess nutrients, into streams, gutters, or drains. which smother coral and cause algal blooms, severely compromising reef health and resilience. Help protect mangroves and wetlands Overuse and lack of enforcement from filling and construction activities. Historically, coral reefs surrounding CNMI have been impacted by human uses. Military defense Don’t stand on or touch live coral. activities during World War I and World War II Don't take pieces of corals home. impacted reef habitat. Additionally, the anchoring of Educate yourself about reefs large commercial and naval vessels on shallow reef and the creatures they support. platform impacts reef habitat. Tourism is an important economic driver in CNMI, and managing human Do not drop your anchor impacts on coral reefs continues to be a challenge. in reef areas, rather use sandy bottom areas. The first known contact 1944Americans invade Saipan Development 1986 1994 2000 2009 2017 1500 bce 1521 and capture the Marianas. 1960 1980 Fishing gear restrictions with Western Europe boom in the 1980s 1983 The Chamorro and Sasanhaya Bay The last garment Coral bleaching The first humans arrive Volcanic and marine protected areas occurs by the Spanish. and 1990s results Crown of Carolinians are given Fish Reserve factory closes. event. in the Marianas. The Japanese invade and take over 1944 eruption in 1975 in 15.4% increase thorns (COTS) U.S. Citizenship as the established. (Managaha, Bird, Forbidden) 2013 1912 the Marianas from the Germans. The U.S. Army destroys coral Pagan. in population. outbreak. territory acquires U.S. are established. After WWI, the League of Nations Federal law establishes Coral bleaching to use as building material for Commonwealth status. Typhoon award the Marianas to Japan as CNMI as a United event. airfield runway construction. 2002Pongsona mandated territory. States territory. 1977 1990 1999 2016 CNMI adopts 1981 Typhoon Paka Recessions in Japan 2014 Coral bleaching 1905 Casino industry 1000 ce s 1947 constitution. Pagan Volcano and South Korea result event. 1898 Arrival of the Caroline 1930 starts on Saipan. The oldest Latte stones have After the Spanish Islanders who primarily CNMI recognized as a 1981 erupts and all 1999 in drop in tourism. A thriving fishing industry United Nations Trust inhabitants are 1990 been dated to approximately American War, Spain settle in Saipan and Tinian. Fish and Wildlife Division Tourism and apparel Moratorium on harvest 2014 develops on Saipan, as well as Treaty administered by evacuated. 2004 1000 CE. The “Latte Period” sells the Mariana Islands established in the CNMI manufacturing of seaweed, sea grass, Increase in Coral bleaching a sugar industry. the United States. lasts until 1521. to Germany. Department of Natural Resources. industries flourish. and sea cucumbers. COTS densities. event. coral reefs in cnmi fisheries success in support economy saipan lagoon CNMI's coral reefs support the economy by providing The Saipan Lagoon is a critical part of the marine food
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