UNESCO Bangkok -Pacific Programme of Educational Innovation for Development

Innovative Practices in PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND in Asia Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Sports in Asia, UNESCO Bangkok, 2008. viii + 100 pp.

1. . 2. Physical education. 3. Educational innovations. 4. Case studies. 5. Asia.

ISBN 978-92-9223-165-1 (Print version) ISBN 978-92-9223-166-8 (Electronic version)

Chief Editor: Caroline Haddad Editor: Lay-Cheng Tan Design and Layout: Sirisak Chaiyasook Cover photo: - Front: © Mohammed Asif - Back: © UNESCO/LC. Tan, H. Schmid, S. Tinsiri and C. Sirisak

© UNESCO 2008

Published by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education 920 Sukhumvit Rd., Prakanong Bangkok 10110,

Printed in Thailand

The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.

APE/07/OP/057-2000 in orderin to ensure mental, their physical and emotional deve the possible as early as children of psycheand the into fitness physical of pursuit groundtothe need education physical lifelong for need the is papers the all underlies that tenet One movement among children. morephysicalrecessencourage time,occasions,to including all use to need the emphasizes L by favoured approach an pride, national increase to help also can sports competitive in Participation community. the and schools in arts martial case ’sstudy, while the ’sin educational policy reformseen has facilitated is the revival of youth a traditional form among of peace building in education physical of role will have an impact on students’ fitness, as discussed in the paper from Malaysia. The potential curriculum the and teaching the both of quality the and administrators of commitment The sports. and education physical value to communities and students teachers, administrators, school encourage to taken approaches different the reflect countries these from examples The Singapore. and (PDR) Republic People’s Democratic Lao China, of People’sRepublic the Philippines, the Malaysia, from studies case five and settings school Asian within education sports physical and of overview an provides It study. the of outcome an is publication This Progr Asia-Pacific physical inschoolsand teacher traininginstitutionsintheregion. practices education andsports of the situation current the studying effort, education is and sports in Asia. Bangkok The research this has UNESCOgiven particular emphasis to innovative in physical to (APEID) Development contribute To of thefuture. leaders responsibleand citizensbecome to them enabling youth,children and of well-being physicaland maturity ethics,capacity,emotional and intellectual morals the of development the of goals the the achieve To region. Pacific in and (2005-2014) Asia Development Sustainable for Education of Decade Nations United the spearheading agency lead the as role its to led has programmes.This cultural and scientific UNESCO has a mission to contribute to sustainable human development through educational, inschools. education andsports areas have curricular resulted forstatus and budget allocation, time in reduction a in physical education, and sports recreation programmes. Unfortunately, increasing demands from other of their well-being and health the in improving role interest in physical education and sports in schools. Educational institutions play an important work and exercise. This trend has raised the concerns of educators who have noted a declining physical from escape an offer that advances greatertechnological with tandem in sedentary their shifting priorities and spending power. In general, people in urban Asia have grown more cultural and social practices. As people become more affluent, their lifestyles and habits reflect in changes significant to led has Asia in countries many in witnessed growth economic The Preface students, especially through their physical physical their through especially students, Decade, UNESCO strongly advocates the the advocates strongly UNESCO Decade, amme of Educational Innovation for for Innovation Educational of amme ao PDR. The case study in Singapore Singapore in study case The PDR. ao lopment.

iii Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Sports in Asia iv Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Sports in Asia Asia and PacificAsia Regional Bureau for Education Director, UNESCO Bangkok Sheldon Shaeffer is indeedalifelong activity. us may step also have to that extra show the younger to gen take polic prompt over- by emphasizing the intellect and the sidelined attainment of material will well-being. not Closer to home, some areof sports and study education physical that this ensure to and of priorities their findings the hope We y makers and educators to review review to educators and makers y eration that physical fitness Acronyms NSA national sports associations nationalsports NSA Research for National Institute National College of Physical Education NRIES National Collegiate Athletic Association NCPE Negros Athletic Association NCAA moderate andvigorous physical activity NAA of Education Ministry MVPA of Education, Culture and Sports Ministry MOE Goals Development Millennium MECS Cooperation Agency JapanInternational MDGs JICA OlympicCommittee International of Institute Youth for Peace Sports IYSPeace information andcommunication IOC ICT HumanImmunodeficiency Virus Council for International Health,Physical ICHPER.SD Association Gymnastics Philippines the of HIV questions frequently asked GAP FAQ of Department Youth and Sports DYSD Central Committee oftheCommunist Development Bureau ofSports CCCPC beatsperminute BSD bpm Bureau ofPhysical EducationandSchool Association ofthePhilippines BPESS Accreditation System Portal BAP ASP Association Amateur the of Softball After-school activity Asaphil Syndrome Acquired Deficiency Immune ASA AIDS Educational Science Educational technologies &Dance Education, Recreation, Sports Development ofChina Party Sports Philippines H World HealthOrganization World Food Programme WHO vigorous physical activity WFP United Nations Volunteers VPA UNV United NationsChildren’s Fund UNICEF Commissioner for United NationsHigh UNHCR United NationsEducational, Scientificand United Programme NationsDevelopment UNESCO United Nations UNDP UN Athletic Association University of the steps perminute UAAP SPM Physical Education and Sports small-mediumindustries SPEDI exercise sports, andphysical education SMI SEPE State Colleges and Universities Athletic State Colleges Athletic Association SCUAA dollar) (Malaysian Malaysia Ringgit SCAA Commission Philippine Sports RM PSC Private SchoolsAthleticAssociation PRISAA Physical Fitness for Secondary Inventory physical education PFIFSS percapitagrant PE PCG Philippine Amateur Swimming Philippine Amateur BaseballAssociation PASA Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation PABA physical activity PAAF vocational national qualifications PA NVQ Refugees Cultural Organization Philippines Index Development Association Schools Association

v Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Sports in Asia Contents

Preface iii Acronyms v Chapter 1: Overview of Recent Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Sports in Asia 1 Introduction 2 Situational Analysis: The Asian experience 2 Physical Education and Sports Reforms 4 Conclusion 17 References 18 Chapter 2: Physical Education in Malaysia: A Case Study of Fitness Activity in Secondary School Physical Education Classes 21 Introduction 22 The status of PHysical Education in Malaysia 22 Lack of Continuous Upgrading for PE Teachers 29 Case Study: Fitness Activities in Physical Education Classes 31 References 38 Chapter 3: Physical Education and School Sports in the Philippines: A Historical Point of View 43 Introduction 44 A Historical Review 44 Case Study: Institute of Youth Sports for Peace 52 Conclusions 56 References 56 Chapter 4: School Physical Education Reform and Development in the People’s Republic of China 59 Introduction 60 History of Physical Education Reforms in China 60 Characteristics of the Current Physical Education Curriculum Reform in China 61 Case Study: Nanquan School-Based Course at Licheng Experimental Primary School in Quanzhou, Fujian Province 65 Conclusions 70 Bibliography 70 Chapter 5: Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Sports in Lao PDR 73 Introduction 74 Situational Analysis of Physical Education and Sports in Lao PDR 75 Case Study: National Sports Competition 79 Conclusion 79 Chapter 6: Every Step Counts: School Physical Activity during Physical Education and Recess in Singapore 81 Introduction 82 Literature Review 82 Case Study: Measurements of PA during Physical Education and Recess 87 Conclusions and Future Research 95 References 96 Chapter 1 verview of Recent Innovative Practices in Physical Education and Sports in Asia

Leonard A. de Vries*

* Chief Executive Officer of a consultancy company in human resource development, information technology, construction, mental and fitness training in sports and fitness, based in Penang, Malaysia.

This paper is based on a consultancy for the Royal Government of Thailand on the United Nations 2005 International Year of Sport and Physical Education International Conference on Sport and Education, 30 October-2 November 2005, Bangkok, Thailand.