Abstracts of Journals Received in the Library Jul-Sep 2009

Journals Abstracted

Bulletin de la Societe Mycologique de France - Tome 124, 1 & 2, 2008 Agarica - Vol 28, 2009 Miscellanea Mycologica - No 94, May 2009 Boston Mycological Club Bulletin - Vol 64, No 2, 2009 Micologia Italiana - No 1,XXXVIII, Jan-Apr 2009 Rivista di Micologia - 52 (1), 2009. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Vol. 87. No. 2, 15th. April 2009 Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde - Vol. 87, No. 3, 15th. June 2009 Fungi - Vol 2 No 2 2009 Mycotaxon - Vol 108, Apr-Jun 2009

Mycological Research Information about recent issues (including free access to contents lists and abstracts of published papers) can be found on the Elsevier website at www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres

Bulletin de la Societe Mycologique de France – Tome 124, 1 & 2 2008 Abstractor- Anne Andrews

Lechat C (pp. 1-5) [French & Latin] Description of Lasionectria fournieri C. Lechat sp. nov., an ascomycete found on the rotting surface of decorticated submerged wood in SW France. Its anamorph obtained by culture is also described. A key to the four species of Lasionectria is included. Illustrated with colour photos. (1 ref.)

Lechat C & Priou J-P (pp. 7-11) [French & Latin] Description of Giberella ulicis C Lechat & J-P Priou sp. nov. found in France on Ulex europeus. Its anamorph obtained by culture is also described. G. ulicis has with up to seven septae. No other Giberella species has more than three septae. Illustrated with b/w and colour photos. (1 ref.)

Peric B (pp.13-24) [French & Latin] Description of Sowerbyella fagicola, a rare and beautiful ascomycete collected in Montenegro for the first time, growing on and cherry litter. A table compares the dimensions of spores, asci and paraphyses as recorded by various authors and the taxanomic position of the species is discussed at length. Illustrated with b/w drawings and colour photos. (28 refs.) van Vooren N (pp. 25-33) [French] Description of Helvella fusca Gillet, a rare species found under Populus beside the Rhone canal. Previous records and nomenclature are discussed. Illustrated with b/w drawings and colour photos and paintings. Footnotes indicate other early illustrations. (26 refs.)

Priou J-P (pp.35-54) [French] Ascomycetes growing on bryophites are rarely described in literature in French. The author describes the five commonest species which grow on the liverwort, Frullania dilatata:- Bryocentria brongniartii;Bryonectria callicarpa; Calonectria frullaniae;Octosporella erythrostigma; Pithyella frullaniae. Illustrated with b/w drawings and colour photos. (22 refs.)

Chabrol J, Poumarat S & Courtecuisse R (pp. 55-72) [French] A description of the geographic and climatic conditions in the Lesser Antilles is followed by detailed descriptions of the only collections of found there in the course of extensive surveys of the of the area. T.exasperatum, T.beccarianum and T.squamosum are described and discussed at length. The Tulostoma is recorded as new to the Lesser Antilles. Illustrated with colour photos and paintings. (16 refs.)

Moingeon J-M & Lannoy G (pp. 73-76) [French] Description of the rare species Leccinum rotundifolium which grows under Betula nana, found in the Departement of Doubs and a first record for France. Illustrated with b/w drawings and a colour painting. (6 refs.) Eyssartier G & Noordeloos M E (pp. 77-82) [French & Latin] Description of Entoloma saussetiensis Eyssartier & Noordeloos sp. nov. found in the course of a survey of fungus in the Parc du Sausset (Seine-Saint-Denis, France). Its taxonomic position is discussed. Illustrated with b/w drawings and colour photos. (9 refs.)

Agarica – Vol 28, 2009 Abstractor - Anne Andrews

Description of Entoloma pseudoparasiticum a rare species found growing on the flesh of Cantharellus cibarius, first record for Norway. Illustrated with b/w drawing and colour photo. (9 refs.)

Cervini M, Gulden G, Bendiksen E & Brandrud T E (pp. 6-13) [English] Account of a find of fimbriata, in a new location, in Switzerland and only the second find after an interval of 32 years and despite regular searching of the original site in Norway, which is now protected. Other cases of mycoparatisitism are discussed. Illustrated with colour photos of f/bs and habitats. (17 refs.)

Hofton T H & Gaarder G (pp. 14-21) [Norwegian] Description of Artomyces cristatus a rare clavarioid fungus reported as new to Norway. The species’distribution, ecology and management requirements are discussed. Illustrated with colour photos of f/bs and habitat. (12 refs.)

Hofton T H`(pp.22-27)[English] Descriptions of Cristinia rhenana and Trechispora subhelvetica two corticioid fungi reported for the first time from Norway and both very rare worldwide. Illustrated with colour photos. (19 refs.)

Klepsland J T & Ryvarden L (pp. 28-32) [English] Descriptions of two polypores new to Norway, Junghuhnia pseudozilingia and Rigidiporus crocata with details of each site Illustrated with colour photos of f/b and habitat. (4 refs.)

Hofton T H, Baral H-O & Homble K (pp. 33-42) [English] Description of Proliferodiscus tricolori (Sowerby:Fr.)Baral comb. nov. refound in Norway after 60 years. It was formerly known as Dasyscyphus tricolor and its taxonomic position is unclear but is now believed to be as above. It is a rare species and a map showing the known sites for it in is included. The sites are described and its ecology discussed at length suggesting that it may not be as rare as the number of known finds would suggest. Illustrated with colour photos of f/bs and habitat. (13 refs.)

Laessoe T, Jordal J B, Nielsen J G B, Holtan D & Larsen P G (pp. 43-49) [English] Description of the rare Elaphomyces virgatosporus found for the first time in Norway in the course of a workshop concentrating on . The localities and sites are described in detail and maps show the sites in Norway and world wide distribution. The thick, dark peridia in section, striate spores 17-18 diam make it stand out from all other Elaphomyces species. The need for conservation of this species is discussed. Illustrated with colour photos. (25 refs.)

Ryvarden L & Hoiland K (pp. 50-52) [English] Description of Jan Mayen Island, where checklists of most groups of organisms are being prepared. Knowledge of its fungi is reported and a list of non-parasitic basidiomycetes is given.(7 refs.)

Fadnes P (pp. 53-63) [Norwegian] Report of a survey of grassland sites in Rogaland County, Norway. Many species new to the area were recorded a number of them classed as endangered. The importance and vulnerability of grassland environments is discussed. Each locality visited is described and some of the more interesting species described and illustrated with colour photos. A table shows all the species recorded. (15 refs.)

Jordal J B & Johnsen J I (pp. 64-70) [Norwegian] Report of finds of the rare gasteromycete Tulostoma niveum in Norway in 2006 and 2008. Maps of the sites show how this fills the gap in its distribution between Scotland and Sweden. Illustrated with colour photos. (18 refs.)

Moreno G & Johannesen E W (pp. 71-74) [English] Description of a Norwegian collection of the myxomycete Diacheopsis nannengae, previously only known from France and . Related species are discussed. Illustrated with colour photos. (10 refs.)

Jorgensen P M (pp. 75-78) [Norwegian] Account of finds of Hydnellum geoginum newly arrived in western Norway and of crispa, long established and here growing on Picea sitchensis though it is usually found with Pinus sylvestris. Illustrated with colour photos and map. (13 refs.)

Hoiland K (pp.79-93) [Norwegian] This article deals with the position of fungi in the Tree of Life and the relationship between the main groups of organisms. The main branches of the fungal phylogenetic tree are outlined and a hypothesis is presented about the evolutionary path leading to fungi. Illustrated with colour drawings and photographs. (25 refs.)

Brandrus T E, Kristiansen R & Weholt O (pp. 94-108) [Norwegian] The fungi of the woodlands of Outer Ostfold, Norway have been studied for 30 years. This is a rich hotspot and contains many red list and endangered species some only found in this area. The sites are described and the species listed in a table and a series of maps show the locations. Illustrated with colour photos of some important species.(29 refs.)

Orstadius L & Enderle M (pp. 108-111) [English] Study of the original description of Agaricus supernulus Britzhelm, suggests that it is the same species as Psathyrella narcotica. The new combination Psathyrella supernula is proposed. Typification is carried out and an up to date description of the species is given. Illustrated with the original 1891 painting and colour photos of f/b and microscopic characters. (6 refs.)

Miscellanea Mycologica – No 94, May 2009 Abstractor - Anne Andrews

Wuilbaut J J (pp. 4-24) [French] Illustrations with very brief notes of notable fungi found in late winter and spring, Strobilurus esculentus, nigrella, Sarcoscyphy coccinea, pseudoumbrina, venosa, Pholiotina aporos, Vibrissa truncorum, aegeritum, A. semiorbicularis, Psathyrella spadiceogrisea, , Panaeolus ater, Entoloma clypeatum, Collybia aquosa, gambosa, patouillardii,Tarzetta catinus and Inocybe cervicolor. Some photographs of flowering plants are also included.

Wuilbaut J J, (pp. 25-33) [French] Continuation of the series on notable mycologists which in this issue covers further contemporaries of Fries, Kalchbrenner, Corda, Barla, Vittadini, and Quelet. Illustrated in b/w and colour with photos of some of these authors and reproductions of some of their illustrations.

Pourtois A & Pirlot J-M (p.39) [French] Discussion of Rigidoporus ulmarius, misidentified in an article in Misc, Myc. 53: 43-45

Boston Mycological Club Bulletin – Vol 64, No 2, 2009 Abstractor - Anne Andrews

Birks A (pp. 4 & 7) [English] Account of use of various in folk medicine noting useful substances occurring in some of them.

Aita D (pp. 5-7) [English] The “Elf ” has recently appeared for sale in New York. This is Pleurotus nebrodensis which is in the P. eryngii complex. It is an endangered species in the wild but is successfully cultivated in China and in Italy and is available both fresh and tinned in a number of New York stores and considered excellent eating. (1 ref.)

Campbell D (pp. 8-11) [English] Survey of the dangers of eating raw or undercooked wild . Mycochitin, which mushroom cell walls are made of is difficult for humans to digest. Cooking makes this easier. Many species contain irritating or toxic chemicals, some of which can be eliminated by cooking. There is a lack of detailed knowledge of these and what there is is largely anecdotal. “Chemical cooking” in citric acid or brine or vinegar may also be effective but some of the deadliest species are immune to any of these processes. A few species which may safely be eaten raw are mentioned.

Deutsch M (pp. 12-16) [English] Summary of mentions of fungus in newspapers and magazines from February to May 2009.

Goldhor S (pp. 17-27)n[English] Topics from the author’s mailbag include adiscussion of how fungi travel, both by human agency and by dispersal, which for basidiomycetes is covered in some detail. Next the occurrence of morels and the dangers of eating some species, followed by information about truffles.

Micologia Italiana – No 1,XXXVIII, Jan-Apr 2009

Illice M & Todeschini R (pp. 3-10) [Italian with English summary] The macro-fungi of a park near Bologna, Italy were recorded from 1971-1981 and from 2003-2008. The results are compared. The park is a rich site. Although some species seem to have become more rare or even to have disappeared 114 species were recorded in the more recent surveys that had not been found in the earlier period. Some of these are new for the locality. The authors intend to continue their observations and hope to establish whether the species not found in the second period have really disappeared. (3 refs.)

Cariddi C & Vovlas C (pp. 11-18) [Italian with English summary] Detailed study of Entomodsporium mespili a serious on Quince leaves and fruit, which was first observed in Apulia, S Italy in 2005. Illustrated with colour photos. (22 refs.)

Csorbaine A G, Illyes Z, Dimeny J, Merenyi Z & Bratek Z (pp. 19-28) [English] Two hypogeous fungi not in the genus Tuber, Choiromyces meandriformis and Mattirolomyces terfezioides have long been valued as edibles in Eastern Europe. The species are described and studies of habitat and ideal conditions for their growth are considered with a view to furthering commercial cultivation. Illustrated with colour photos, maps and tables. (34 refs.)

Puxeddu M, Boni C, Sechi C & Gregori G (pp. 47-51) Report of a new find of Tuber melanosporum in Sardinia. the species is described and a detailed report on the habitat is included. Illustrated with b/w photos of f/bs and habitat. (10 refs.)

Rivista di Micologia 52 (1), 2009. Robich G. & Gasparini G (pp. 3-10) "Mycena choriophila sp. nov., a new species in Section Insignes from Italy" Macro- and microscopic colour photos together with a freehand drawing are linked to the description of the new species. A key to species of sect. Insignes is provided.

Carbone M (pp. 11-28) "The genus Otidea - I. On the identity of onotica" Otidea onotica and its varieties, besides Otidea subonotica, are described and illustrated. An epitype of the original Peziza onotica Pers. is provided.

Cappelli A (pp.31-35) "Agaricus subfloccosus (J.E. Lange) Hlavácek an important collection from Val di Sole" This species species is described, compared with similar taxa and illustrated with a colour photo.

Liberti G. & Sarasini M (pp. 37-42) "Two little known Gasteromycetes" Phellorinia herculanea (Pall. : Pers.) Kreisel and coronatum Pers. : Pers. are described and illustrated with macro- and microscopic colour photos.

Battistin E (pp. 43-47) "New macrochemical reactions in Gymnopus luxurians" This species is described, compared with similar taxa and illustrated with macro- and microscopic colour photos. New macrochemical reactions are tested on the pileic cuticle.

Baiano G. & Filippa M (pp. 49-60) "Records of Gasteromycetes from the Calabrian Tyrrhenian coast" aestivalis (Bonord.) Demoulin, arhizus (Scop. : Pers.) Rauschert, cepa Pers. : Pers., and Tulostoma giovanellae Bres. are described, discussed, and illustrated by macroscopic colour photos and freehand drawings.

Lantieri A., pp. 61-70: "Studio su alcune del territorio calabro" "Study on some Pezizales from Calabria" Ramsbottomia crechqueraultii (H. Crouan & P. Crouan) Benkert & T. Schumach., Scutellinia pilatii (Velen.) Svrcek, and Trichophaea woolhopeia (Cooke & W. Phillips) Arnould are described, widely discussed, and depicted by colour photos.

Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde vol. 87. no. 2, 15th. April 2009 (In German, some articles in French & Italian)

Beretta F; Lucchini G (p. 46-48, 49 ITALIAN) (German p. 49-50, 46-47) Fungus of the month (3) is Inocybe malenconii R. Heim 1931. The I. dulcamara group contains many species which are difficult to separate from one another. Every possible character is needed for determinations. This orange-cinnamon capped species is described. It was found under Canadian Hemlock in an industrial area. Inocybe malenconii belongs to the sub-section Mallocybe Kuyper. Determination is based primarily on spore size (150 were measured), its slender fruitbody, the partly woolly-felty cuticle, and tufted growth form. Taxonomic history is discussed, but several varieties of I. malenconii appear to exist. Colour plates show the taxon in situ, and photomicrographs cheilocystidia and cuticle tissue. Line drawings present cuticle, cap and hyphae, and spores. A bibliography is included.

Freléchoux F (p. 51-53 FRENCH) (German p. 54-55, 51-53) Fungus of the month (4) is Inocybe hystrix. In general Inocybes associate with several types of trees and lack many easily recognisable identification features. Careful examination of cap and stipe are necessary, smell is often helpful. The macro- and micro features of this species, with distinctive brown scales on cap and stipe are described. It was collected in litter in mixed woodland on acid moraine. This beautiful and rare taxon is easily determined by its distinctive macro features and microscopy reveals its smooth almond-shaped thick-walled spores and cystidia which have thickened walls in their upper parts with crystals at their tips. A colour photograph presents it in situ, and line drawings show micro features. Lit. refs. are included.

Zehfuss H-D (p. 55-56) A brief biography of Elias Magnus Fries, 1794-1879 is presented. Fries was born in Femsjö, Sweden, quite close to Carl von Linné, and remained in this region for the rest of his life. The name of the genus Femsjonia refers to his birthplace. Fries established a whole series of names for genera which are still in current use. A silver medal, one of a series honouring important Swedish naturalists, was cast for Fries and awarded to him at the Swedish Scientific Academy Meeting in 1878. Details of this medal are given, and photographs show face and reverse.

Flammer R (p. 57-58) [in French p. 58-59] Part III of scents in the fungal kingdom highlights the complexity of scents and their perception by human beings. Many are a mixture of volatile compounds, and about 10,000 combinations can be recognised by the human nose and . Hydrocyanic acid is only perceived by some people, and this was confirmed in a test involving Marasmius oreades, where only two out of 11 clearly identified bitter almonds, and the rest only typical mushroom smells. Scents can be collected and analysed chemically. Volatile material must be released from tissue and collected. A simple apparatus for use in the field is described. This 'headspace technology' sampling provides material for analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in the laboratory. Individual fractions can be isolated and their scents evaluated and described by 'sniffing specialists'. Little work has been done on fungal scents, as they are not attractive to perfumiers and food scientists. A colour plate shows headspace sampling in the field, and 2 lit. refs. are included.

Flammer R. (p. 60-61) [French p. 62-63] Periscope 21 reviews fungal highlights from the literature. DNA analysis often causes more confusion than clarity. This new discipline has not yet come into consensus with well-established morphology, and gives rise to a flood of synonyms.. Vellinga offers a new definition for species of Macrolepiota with smooth stipes, and has assigned M. rhacodes into the genus Chlorophyllum. Some implications of this are discussed, together with symptoms of poisoning by Macrolepiota rhacodes var. hortensis. 3 lit. refs are included. A retrospective analysis of 367 cases treated for Amanita phalloides poisoning, has shown that a combined treatment with silibinin and (249 cases) offered no advantages over mono- therapy with silibinin (118 cases). Instead the death- and liver transplantation rates were lower for the silibinin treatment (5.1% against 8.8%). Rapid diagnosis plays a critical role in outcomes. 1 lit. ref. Letterbox discusses how fungus inspectors should handle collections of Clitocybe nebularis, submitted by keen (Italian) collectors. This species does not appear on the January 2006 positive list. Good advice on handling, cooking and eating, rather than confiscation, works better on those determined to eat this species, which should never be fed to children. Tuber aestivium, the Summer truffle and T. uncinatum, the Autumn truffle are difficult to distinguish microscopically. Spore size, ornamentation and asci differences can be variable. Seasonal occurrence, environment and scent, point to the existence of two species. Photomicrographs show spores of both. 1 lit. ref.

Baumann P; Erb B (p. 64-65) A stronghold of old Box (Buxus sempervirens) in the Canton of Jura yielded a profusion of Peniophora proxima on Box bushes of 2-5 m. height with up to 20cm thick branches. These fungi were observed on 3rd. April and 26th. June 2008. The beautful pinkish-red fungus is described. Box is believed to have been introduced to Switzerland by the Romans to shield the gardens of their villas. The Box bushes examined were 200-300 years old, and the author believes that P. proxima should be present on all large stands of old Box. A colour plate shows a fruitbody and photomicrographs present 2 hymenial sections, two-spored basidia, and lamprocystidia. 3 lit. refs are given.

Schenk-Jäger K (p. 66-67) 2008 saw an unusually high number of enquiries about fungi and fungal poisonings received at the 'Toxcentre', beginning early in the season. Many concerned children eating grassland fungi. Incidents involving poisonous Boletes increased significantly, many from collections that had not been inspected. Adverse effects following consumption of Boletus edulis also rose, both from self- picking and restaurant consumption. A graph shows trends from 2000-2008. Consumption of dried fungi also showed a rise in poisonings, mainly from eating commercial B. edulis. Such cases peaked in 2000 and 2002, and were due to plant contaminants, with few cases reported until 2008. Evaluation of medical reports will appear in the next SZP issue. A histogram charts enquiry patterns 2000-2009.

Stijve T (p. 69-71 in FRENCH) [p. 69 Résumé in German – but identical to résumé to pt.2 ZSP 1/2009] Part 3 of the series on the toxicity of Sarcospharea coronaria continues with investigations carried out in the Jura in spring 2003 in the vicinity of the site of the 1920 incident. No S. coronaria was found, but examination of several samples of soil to a depth of 10cm. detected 55-320mg/k of arsenic. That autumn specimens of Amanita muscaria were collected there for analysis. Not only arsenic, but also raised concentrations of vanadium, zirconium, cadmium, selenium, and tiny amounts of antimony were found. This area was the site of many forges in the Middle Ages. It is probable that Sarcospharea coronaria acquired its arsenic from the soil. Methyl arsenic acid (MAA), one of the forms found in this species, has been used as a herbicide in the USA and Brazil, and toxicity tests on laboratory animals produced symptoms similar to those described by Bresinsky & Besi 1985, and attributed to S. coronaria. A table shows trace metal analyses of A. muscaria in the USA, Brazil and Switzerland.

Wilhelm M (p. 72-73) German version with different illustrations and the full bibliography. This is the German version of the article on the Xylaria found in a fallen termite nest at the Masoala Hall at Zurich Zoo, which appears in French in SZP 3/2009 p. 116-117 The abstract from the French appears below.

[Wilhelm M. (p. 116-117) [ONLY IN FRENCH) The Masoala Hall at Zurich Zoo hosts several termite colonies, especially those of the genus Heterothermes which cultivates fungi. In early 2008 one very heavy nest fell down, revealing a carpet of mycelium. A small section was taken by the author for continuing examination at home under temperature and humidity conditions prevailing at the Hall. After three days the mycelium produced conidial (asexual, 'vegetative') spores. Fertile fructifications were found later. These proved to be not those of the genus Termitomyces, but Xylaria. It became possible to complete the identification of this tropical species with the help of an article (YuiMing & Huei 2007) on genera inhabiting termite nests. A brief description is given of the taxon, and colour plates show both the conidiophore and the fertile stages of Xylaria escharoides. The original German version concludes as follows: Colour plates show the antler-shaped conidiospores of Xylaria escharoidea and fertile fruitbody and asci. and a size marker. Photomicrographs show conidia and fertile ascospores. 4 lit. refs. are included.

Fahrni J (p. 74-75) A search for Hypholoma radicosum was initiated in 1995 and 1997 by Béatrice Senn-Irlet at the request of Professor Naohito Sagara of Kyoto University. This species is frequent near the author's home, and eight sites were found and individual collections carefully marked. The Professor came in November when the fruiting bodies were long over, but dug slowly and painstakingly for 3-4 hours into the substrate to reveal that all the long 'roots' of the fruitbodies had originated in latrines adjacent to the main nest tunnels of voles. These undamaged nests were transferred into plastic bags, and carefully labelled for transport back to Japan. An examination of the literature on H. radicosum mentions deciduous woodland and rotting trunks. The author's finds were always close to Beech. Only the new Fungal Atlas by Thomas Lassoe and Anna Dei Curto mentions subterranean voles nests and their dung in addition to micorrhizal associations with broadleaved trees. This is not surprising, as an excavation is unlikely to be a first priority! A colour plate shows Professor Sagara's beautiful colour painting of a mole and fungus relationship.

Note: The illustration shows a mole's nest (Maulwurf), but the text refers to collections from voles nests (Wühlmausen) . Some species of voles nest in underground burrows.

Clémençon H (p. 76-80) The genus Asterophora has only two species in Europe, a third exists in Australia. Chains of both and also conventional are formed simultaneously and on the same fruitbody of this genus. A historically important colour plate of Asterophora lycoperdoides by Bulliard, published in 1784, shows different growth stages on a mummified Gymnopus fusipes, although it is commonly found on Russulas. The star-shaped chlamydospores are easily taken off the cap of the fungus and 6 colour photomicrographs show them mounted in different media. Development of chlamydospores was described by De Bary in 1859. Historically confusion existed as to whether the chlamydospores belonged to a hyperparasite on A. lycoperdoides, and led to much confusing nomenclature. The of the species is discussed, with conflicting claims for the genus being either Nyctalis or Asterophora. This was not resolved conclusively until the 7th. International Botanical Congress of 2005 in Vienna in favour of the latter.. Sadly this came too late to make changes in books about to be published. Further colour photomicrographs present a microtome section of powder. This was obtained by staining with aluminium- zirconium-haematoxylin, fixing, and embedding in methacrylate. The lower part of the picture demonstrates very loose cap trama. Six greatly magnified pictures show individual chlamydospore development in this same media. 2 lit. refs. are included.

Correction to article : Wilhelm M p. 5-7 SZP 1.2009 on Gerhardia piperata Omitted in the original article were alternative names for this species by other authors. More information from www.pilze-basel under Markus Wilhelm>seltene Pilze.>Gerhardia piperata.

The back cover shows a watercolour painting of Inocybe perlata by Cuno Furre, who died recently.

Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Vol. 87, No. 3, 15th June 2009 (In German, some articles in French & Italian)

Mordasini E. (p. 90-91, 92-93 ITALIAN) (German p.92-93; 90-91) Fungus of the month (5) is Hysterographium fraxini, a tiny Ascomycete on Ash, growing partly as a monoculture. Fresh fruitbodies from tough, dry, Ash bark were examined, with 5% KOH used for the microscopy. Macro-and micro-features are described. The genus Hysterographium Corda contains many very similar species which can only be separated microscopically. Spore colours vary from gold to brown. Allied genera Hysterium and Gloiopsis are macroscopically very similar, but spores differ. The genera Cucurbitaria and Pleispora have similar muriform spores, but no macroscopic similarities. Colour plates show H. fraxini in situ, and a typical mixed Ash woodland. Photo-micrographs show asci with spores. A line drawing shows the highly septate muriform spores. Lit. refs. are included.

Freléchoux F. (p. 93-95, 97 FRENCH) (German p. 96-97, 94) Fungus of the month (6) is Hygrophorous arbustivus. Differences between genera Hygrophorous and Hygrocybe cover both macro- and microscopic features, and also habitat. Hygrophorous species are mainly found in woodland, and are less threatened, despite raised nitrogen levels from ectomycorrhizal activities. The species in this genus mainly have relationships with specific trees, which simplifies identification. This collection of the beautiful Hygrophorous arbustivus was from mixed woodland on wet acid soil, close to Quercus robur, in November 2008. This beige-capped species, which dries rapidly to a reddish brown, is described. It is similar to H. disciodeus which grows with . The literature gives H. arbustivus occurring mainly under Beech on chalk soils. Perhaps global warming is extending its range. A colour plate presents it in situ and line drawings show micro features. Seven lit. refs. are included.

Roth J. (p. 98-99 ONLY IN FRENCH) Dry, sandy gravelly areas on riversides in Geneva Canton have become a protected, rare habitat, with measures taken to stabilise the biotope. A walk along such sandy banks, often covered in mosses and lichens, revealed 190 macromycete species, mainly basidiomycetes. Colour photographs, taken in situ, show Pseudoclitocybe expallens, Mycena atropapillata, Omphalina rustica, Galerina practicola, Agrocybe pediades, Arrhenia retiruga, Entoloma rusticoides and Gamundia xerophila. A bibliography is included.

Senn-Irlet B. (p. 100-103) Pycnoporellus fulgens, a striking orange bracket, has been found increasingly in Switzerland over the last 10 years. A search in Google revealed over 270 entries for 2005, and currently these comprise 2,650. This species occurs predominantly on , preferring dead timber, and is defined as rare. It has now spread over many parts of the world from a probable origin in Fennoskandinavia. It has Red List status as it is a species of Scandinavian damp forests with large old dead timber, a habitat of increasing rarity. Distribution in Switzerland is discussed, together with questions on its possible status as a neomycete, although described by Fries, with the oldest collection (1842) in a Swedish museum. Colour plates show this species, and also in comparison with Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Two close-ups show fruitbody and . Line drawings present micro features. A histogram charts Swiss collections and a distribution map is shown. Lit. refs. are included.

Flammer R. (p. 104-105, 107) [also in French p. 106-107, 105] Periscope 22 reviews interesting items in recent literature. A negative ELISA test result for amatoxin poisoning may be due to faulty methodology, and cannot 100% exclude its presence.. Treatment for suspected amatoxin should continue until the possibility of a Phalloides-syndrome can be entirely excluded by mycological testing, or laboratory results during the first 24-48 hours to reinforce findings. A baby, delivered in late pregnancy by caesarean section, was free of amatoxin as the placental barrier protected it. Both its mother and two others died after a poisoning by Amanita phalloides. 1 lit. ref. Several prominent mycologists are questioning the dominance of molecular biology on fungal morphology. Professor W. Gams criticises those that forgo careful morphological examinations in favour of DNA analysis. It will be years before a proper balance is achieved between the two approaches, which need to augment one another, and when the current 'DNA-cult' goes out of fashion.1 lit ref. Four married couples, migrants from Kazakhstan on holiday together in Norway, became ill several days after eating two meals of self-gathered wild fungi, and returned early to Germany. Their symptoms included kidney failure, and five of them are still on daily dialysis, and waiting for kidney transplants. Poisoning was due to orellanus. The very high costs of treatment are highlighted by Dr. S.Berndt. 1 lit. ref. Letterbox discusses how to distinguish between bohemica and V.conica. These can be identified quite easily in the field as V. conica, the Thimble Morel, has a wrinkled cap, and V. bohemica shows many vertical ribs. Significant spore differences show under the microscope. Colour plates illustrate these two species, and photomicrographs their asci and spores.

Flammer R. (p. 108-109) [also in FRENCH p. 110-111] Part 4 of scents in the fungal kingdom describes how these can be determined with headspace technology. Here gas chromatography separates gaseous components and volatile chemical compounds at 400ºC for analysis by mass spectrography. Scent plays an important role for some fungi, such as Tuber magnatum. Now such scents are also produced synthetically for inclusion in foodstuffs and perfumes. In some instances x-ray treatments are used to enhance profits from marketable fungi, and gas chromatography is a useful tool to detect such malpractices. Dr. Roman Kaiser has pioneered scent analysis. Scents are based mainly on one or two aromas, or a mix, and are expressed differently according to concentration. The human nose has receptors for very low concentrations. Eight basic scent components are responsible for a wide variety of perceived scents. A diagram shows the gas chromatography apparatus, and a table relates scent chemicals to 11 fungal species. Lit refs are included.

Senn-Irlet B. (p. 112-113) Part 2 of the series on the 'fungus season' discusses possible effects of climate change on fungal fruiting, especially on first appearances of fruitbodies. Swissfungi, an Oracle-based database, offers an easy investigative tool. A graph shows the number of species where first appearance data was available for the years 1965 and 2008, and covers weeks 18-25 (last week in April-last week in June). A surprising number of were to be found, a Swiss total per week of between 33-115 species. A cold spell in mid-May shows as a break in the upward curve. A huge number of variables are involved in fungal fruiting, so any direct link with global warning can be discounted. The last 45 years have shown many early-fruiting seasons. Database figures must be analysed and evaluated very carefully. June is also the main season for tiny fungi, mostly Discomycetes, growing on last year's herbaceous stems, and are well worth a look under the lens. A colour plate shows Tapesia hydrophila and T. retincola.

Meier P (p.114-115) Records the proceedings of the 91st. Delegate conference of the VSVP, held at the Mycorama in Cernier. Compromises were agreed so as to reach new goals.

Wilhelm M. (p. 116-117) [ONLY IN FRENCH) The Masoala Hall at Zurich Zoo hosts several termite colonies, especially those of the genus Heterothermes which cultivates fungi. In early 2008 one very heavy nest fell down, revealing a carpet of mycelium. A small section was taken by the author for continuing examination at home under temperature and humidity conditions prevailing at the Hall. After three days the mycelium produced conidial (asexual, 'vegetative') spores. Fertile fructifications were found later. These proved to be not those of the genus Termitomyces, but Xylaria. It became possible to complete the identification of this tropical species with the help of an article (YuiMing & Huei 2007) on genera inhabiting termite nests. A brief description is given of the taxon, and colour plates show both the conidiophore and the fertile stages of Xylaria escharoides. Lit refs are included.

Schenk-Jäger K. (p.118) The Swiss Toxological Information Centre handles many fungal poisoning cases. In 2008 there were several involving Amanita phalloides. Despite some serious symptoms and treatment problems, all concerned recovered. One case involved a family with a very young child. Accredited treatments were applied after spores were confirmed in fungal residues, and amanitin was detected in the urine. A further case where a family tested positive is also detailed. A histogram shows the number of cases, and fungi responsible* for 2008.

* Note: vertical histogram axis is titled 'no. of cases 2008' but includes several safely edible, and highly prized species!

Riva A. (p. 120-121) [ONLY IN ITALIAN] Collections of Wakefieldia macrospora and Genea fragrans, new to the Il Ticino district, are described. Colour plates show both of these very small taxa, and watercolour line drawings show micro features. A bibliography is included.

Clémençon H. (p. 122-123) Most woodland Megacollybia spp. have white gills with concolorous gill-edges. Some authors have mentioned species with a brown gill-edge. In June 2008 a comprehensive monograph, covering the genus Megacollybia worldwide was published. Fifteen authors contributed to this study and both morphological and molecular data was included. The report from Totton University, Japan mentions two cases of brown gill-edges. In one, Megacollybia marginata, the gills were delicate with good dark olivaceous brown edges, and in the other, M. platyphylla Form A, the delicate gill edge was purple in dried material. Cheilocystidia appeared colourless, and the colour could have been produced by frost or handling damage. Results from further studies complicated an initially easy separation of the two species. More investigation is needed on cheilocystidia colour which varied in different collections of both species. The author looked at his herbarium collections and suspects that M. marginata may have been found in Europe, although insufficient information accompanied the collection sent him in 1977. He recommends that gill-edges on Megacollybia spp. collected should be examined in greater detail. Two photomicrographs show a dark gill-edge and brown cheilocystidia prepared from his dry material, which could belong to either of the two species in question.

Abstracted by Ray Tantram 12th. August 2009.

Fungi Vol 2 No 2 2009 (special Ethnomycology issue)

Pleninger D B (pp.5-6 & 47-48) [English] Many preliterate cultures were aware that any alkaline substance will increase the bioavailability of an alkaloid. The native people of Alaska chewed the leaves of a tobacco-like plant mixed with lime. When tobacco reached them they mixed it with “punk ash” the result of burning Phellinus igniarius. This substance is known as “Iqmik” and the people became very addicted to it and it also played an important social role in their lives. When tobacco first arrived in Alaska it was incorporated into shamanistic rituals and ceremonies. This usage was eradicated by American missionaries but consumption of Iqmik is still widespread among all age groups. It is now known that it is bad for the health but discouraging its use is difficult. (33 refs.)

Rose D (pp. 8-10 & 41-44) [English] Entitled “Ethnopoetics:Somapoetics” this article is a survey of the work of writers on ethnomycology in all its aspects. (26 refs.)

Litchfield K (pp. 11 & 37-40) [English] Account of the history of the use of Huitlacoche, which is Ustilago zeae, the Corn Smut of Zea mays. It is both a culinary delicacy and a pathogen in commercial corn production. Detailed information about its cultivation follows. (11 refs.)

Vellinga E C (pp.16-19) [English] Short lists of references and some informative notes on the following topics:- Matsutake; Boletes; Ectomycorrhizal fungi in culture; Chanterelles; Toxic Amanitas; Ganbajun (Thelephora ganbajun).

Burzynski M (pp. 20-22) [English] The hazards of field in Northern Labrador include bears and blackflies. Several encounters with bears are described and a list of lessons learned from the experience is included. “Bug jackets” were essential but very uncomfortable.

Plischke III, J (pp. 23-25) [English] How to chose a digital camera for photographing mushrooms. Topics covered are: The pocket size camera; The full size digital SLR; Full frame or APS C-size sensor; Image stabilisation; Brands; Megapixels and the author’s DSLR and Lens recommendations. A list of some currently available cameras is included.

Nicholson M F (pp. 26-27) [English] Summary of some writings on ethnomycology by Blanchette, Burke, Compton and others, covering spiritualistic uses as well as hallucinogenic effects, particularly in the Pacific Northwest.. Reference is made to use of Fomitopsis officinalis, Exobasidium vaccinii, and various Puffballs. (13 refs.)

Mycotaxon - Vol 108, Apr-Jun 2009

Hawksworth D L, Crous P W, Dianese J C, Gryzenhout M, Norvell L L & Seifert K A (pp. 1-4) Proposals to amend the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature so that the international mycological community may assume full responsibility for the nomenclature of fungi. The alternative would be to set up an alternative code for fungi.

Zhang K, Ma J , Ma L G & Zhang X G (pp. 5-7) [English] Description of Berkleasmium daphniphylli K Zhang & x G Zhang sp. nov. found in the subtropical Chongqing, China. Illustrated with b/w photo. (6 refs.)

Liu H & Wei J (pp. 9-29) [ English] A brief overview of the crustose to foliose lichen genus Collema in China. 33 taxa are covered, 9 of them new to China. A comprehensive key is followed by brief descriptions of each species. A list of taxa excluded from China and of taxa not included in this study is at the end. (31 refs.)

Kaya A (pp. 31-34) [English] Summary of results of eight year study of the macrofungi of Kahramanmaras Province, Turkey. Seven species are new records for Turkey. The complete list is available on http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.htlm and http://web.adiyaman.edu.tr/~akaya/pub/mara.pdf A map of the sampling area is provided. (20 refs)

Wang DM, Wu S H & Li T H (pp. 35-40) [English] First reports of Ganoderma applanatum var laevisporum and G. multipileum from mainland China. The first had previously been identified as G. mirivelutinumi and the second was found to be synonymous with G. chenghaiense. Illustrated with b/w photos. (10 refs.)

Antonin V, Polcak J & Tomsovsky M (pp. 41-47) [English] Detailed description of Hypholoma tuberosum found for the first time in the Czech Republic and the first well-documented record for Central Europe. The identification was confirmed using molecular data. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (17 refs.)

Zhang M, Wu H Y & Li DX (pp. 49-52) [English & Latin] Description of a new species on Humulus scandens, Alternaria humuli-scandens Meng Zhang, H Y Wu & Dong X Li sp. nov. Comparison is made with other Alternaria species. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (4 refs.)

Degreef J & De Kesel A (pp. 53-65) [English & Latin] The genus Pulveroboletus is discussed both as created by Murrill in 1909 and enlarged by Singer in 1962. Two new species from the Gabon rain forest, Africa, are described in detail and compared with similar species. They both have rather slender fruit bodies and rough spores and it is suggested that together with two other species they might form a separate section of Pulveroboletus. The new species are P. bembae Degreef &De Kesel sp. nov. and P. luteocarnus Degreef &De Kesel sp. nov. Illustrated with b/w drawings and SEM photos of spores. (10 refs.)

Halici M G, Kocakaya M & Aksoy A (pp. 67-72) [English & Latin] Description of Lichenostigma anatolicum Halici & Kocakaya sp. nov. a new lichenicolous species found on Acarospora sp. in Central Turkey. Tables compare it with related species. Illustrated with b/w photos and drawings. (12 refs.)

Wang M M, Jin L T, Jiang C X & Hou C L (pp. 73-82) [English & Latin] Description of huangshanense CL Hou & M M Wang sp. nov. a new species found on the leaves of Rhododendron simsii in the Huangshan Mountains of China. DNA analysis confirms its place in this genus. Comparison is made with similar species. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (12 refs.)

Chitale G, Makhija U & Sharma B (pp. 83-92) [English & Latin] Descriptions of three new species and five new combinations in the lichen genera Hemithecium and Pallidogramme. A key is included. Illustrated with b/w photos. (15 refs.)

Tulloss R E (pp.93-104) [English] A morphological revision of Amanita magniverrucata which lays out concerns about its current taxonomic placement in section Lepidella. The species is described in great detail and reasons why it should be placed in various other sections are suggested. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (31 refs.)

Singer H & Moreno G (pp. 105-113) After an introduction about the importance of studying the type material of myxomycetes, particularly important with nivicolous species. Where the type is unavailable old descriptions may lead to misinterpretation. Examples are given of cases in the genus Lamproderma. The authors examined the type material of L, robustum and L. sauteri using SEM and found they corresponded quite well to the original descriptions but the material had previously been investigated by several others who came to various different conclusions. Other specimens of L. lamproderma were also studied. Illustrated with b/w photos. (14 refs.)

Dhargalkar S & Bhat D J (pp. 115-122) [English & Latin] Description of Echinosphaeria pteridis S Dharg & Bhat sp. nov. collected from the Western Ghats, India and its anamorph Vermiculariopsisella pteridis produced by culture. Comparison is made with two other species. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (14 refs.)

Zhang K, Ma L G & Zhang X G (pp. 123-125) [English & Latin] Description of Linkosia mori K Zhang & X G . Zhang sp. nov. a new hyphomycete species from Guangxi, China. A key to Linkosia species is included. Pleurotheckiopsis websterii is noted as a new record for China. Illustrated with b/w photos. (5 refs.)

Jiang Y L & Zhang T U (pp. 127-130) [English & Latin] Descriptions of two new species collected from soil in China, Eladia inflata Y L Jiang & T Y Zhang sp. nov. and E. minima Y L Jiang & T Y Zhang sp. nov.. A key to Eladia species is included. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (7 refs.)

Park M J & Shin H D (131-135) [English & Latin] Description of Phacellium brachybotrydis M J Park & H D Shin sp. nov. found in Korea on Brachybotrys paridiformis. It is compared with another fungus found on the same host and with other species of Phacellium. Illustrated with b/w photos. (6 refs.)

Afshan N S & Khalid A N (pp. 137-146) Descriptions of six rust fungi from NW Pakistan, Puccinia bolleyana, Puccinia pygmaea var pygmaea, Pucciniastrum areolatum, Puccinia cynodontis, P pilearum and P. striiformis var. striiformis. The first three are new records for Pakistan. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (13 refs.)

Gargas A, Trest M T, Christensen M, Volk T J & Blehert D S (pp. 147-154) [English & Latin] Description of Geomyces destructans Blehert & Gargas sp. nov. the cause of Bat White Nose Syndrome, a devastating disease of bats in the NE of USA. Illustrated with b/w photos. (18 refs.)

Aptroot A & Yazici K (pp. 155-158) [English & Latin] Description of Opegrapha pauciexcipulata Aptroot & Yazici sp. nov. ,a new corticolous lichen from Turkey. Illustrated with b/w photos. (5 refs.)

Bougher N (pp. 159-174) [English & Latin] Two tiny white lignicolous Mycena species can be found in close proximity in SW Australia. Mycena judithiana Bougher sp.nov. is described in detail, including demonstrating the diphasic mode of development of the basidiomes. Mycena tenerrima is also described and is previously unrecorded in Western Australia. Ways to distinguish these very similar species both in the field and using microscopic characters are described. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (14 refs.)

Khalid A N & Afshan N S (pp. 175-183) [English & Latin] Descriptions of Puccinia khanspurica Khalid & Afshan sp. nov. and of P. crandallii and P. virgata new to Pakistan. A chart compares the characters of these and other Puccinia species. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (16 refs.)

Pennycook S R (pp. 185-195) [English] In the past there was not a standardised way of indicating the authorship of taxonomic names and confusion and misattribution could arise particularly where members of the same family worked together. The example of the work of the brothers L-R and C Tulasne who first described the genus Hypoxylon is discussed in detail with reference to their published papers. Species of Hypoxylon are listed with full attribution of all names. (43 refs.)

Dhingra D S, Singh A P & Singla N (pp.197-199) [English & Latin] Description of Hyphoderma singluarbasidium Dhingra Avneet P Singh & Singla sp. nov. found in Himachal Pradesh, India. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photo. (3 refs.)

Cabral A L, Santiago M de A, Cavalcanti M A Q & Trufem S F B (pp. 201-204) Description of Dimargaris bacillispora recorded for the first time in S America on tapir dung in NE Brazil. Illustrated with b/w photos. (12 refs.)

Damasceno G, Costa A A A, Passavante J Z D O & Cavalcanti L D H. (pp. 205-211) [English] The myxomycete Stemonaria fuscoides was found for the first time in Brazil as a result of studies in Brazilian mangroves when 330 moist chamber cultures were prepared. Illustrated with b/w photos. ( 28 refs.)

Khodarparast S A & Abbasi M (pp. 213-216) [English] A comprehensive review of the species, host range and geographical distribution of powdery mildews in Iran is presented. Previous information about Erysiphales in Iran was limited. (34 refs.)

Prahugaonkar A & Bhat D J (pp. 217-222) [English & Latin] Description of Rattania setulifera Prahugaonkar & Bhat gen. & sp. nov. a new endophytic hyphomycete on rattans from Western Ghats, India. Illustrated with b/w photos. A table compares characters of related genera. (7 refs.)

Rossato L G, Cortez V G. Limberger R P & Guzman G (pp. 223-229) [English] Description and results of analysis of the hallucinogenic compounds of Psilocybe wrightii. Illustrated with b/w photos and drawings. (17 refs.)

Ren Q, Sun Z S, Wang L S & Zhao Z T (pp. 231-234) [English & Latin] Description of Pertusaria parapycnothelia Q Ren & Z T Zhao sp. nov. from SW China. Illustrated with b/w photos. (8 refs.)

Halici M G, Candan M & Calatayud V (pp. 235-240) [English] Description of Dacampia rubra Halici, Candan & Calat sp. nov. a lichenicolous fungus found on Aspicilia species in Turkey and the Russian Federation. Illustrated with b/w photos and drawings. (6 refs.)

Drechsler-Santos E R, Gilbertoni T B, Goes-Neto A & Cavalcanti M A Q (pp. 241-244) [English] Report of a study of the wood-decomposing fungi of the Brazilian semi-arid region. The full checklist is available at www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html. A map shows the area studied. (20 refs.)

Liu T, Tian H, He S & Guo L (pp. 245-247) [English] Description of Microbotrium scorzonerae new to China and on a new host plant, Scorzonera albicaulis. Illustrated with b/w photos.(4 refs.)

Otnyukova T N, Stepanov N V & Elix J A (pp. 249-246) [English] Descriptions of 3 new species of Parmeliaceae from southern Siberia, Cetrelia sayanensis Otnyukova, Stepanov & Elix sp. nov., Myelochroa sayanensis Otnyukova, Stepanov & Elix sp. nov. and M. sibirica Otnyukova, Stepanov & Elix sp. nov. Illustrated with b/w photos and drawings. (10 refs.)

Wei T Z, Tang R H &Yao Y J (pp. 257-285) [English] Report of a survey of Teritomyces species in China. This is an agaric genus cultivated by termites with which it has a symbiotic relationship. Eleven species are described in detail with details of all collections. The genus is described and a key to the species recognised in China is provided. (87 refs.)

Pastircakova K, Pastircak M, Celar F & Shin H D (pp. 287-296) [English] This contribution deals with the morphology, pathology, host range and geographical distribution of Guignardia aesculi, the causal agent of horse chestnut leaf blotch. The species is described in detail together with its anamorph and synanamorph. New localities on leaves of 7 different Aesculus species are recorded. Pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed by inoculating horse chestnut leaves with conidia. A table shows global distribution of Aesculus species attacked by Guignardia aesculi. Illustrated with b/w photos. (33 refs.)

Contu M, Consiglio G & Noordeloos M (pp. 297-300) [English & Latin] Description of Entoloma decastes Contu, Consiglio G & Noordel. sp. nov. a new species from the coastal dunes of Sardinia which superficially resembles Lyophyllum decastes. Comparison is made with some other Entoloma species. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (11 refs.)

Davydon E A & Wei J C (pp. 301-305) [English] The recently described new genus and species from NE China, Rhizoplacopsis weichingii has been found to be identical with Boreoplaca ultrafrigida known in E Siberia and Far East Russia, and thus synonymous. The correct nomenclature is shown in detail with specimens examined. The exact taxonomic position of this species is uncertain. A distribution map is provided. (13 refs.)

Lima B V & Barreto R W (pp. 307-311) [English & Latin] Description of Mycosphaerella americanae, a new species associated with foliage and stem necrosis on Phytolacca americanae, in Brazil. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (11 refs.)

Bougher N L (pp. 313-318)[English] Uncertainty in contemporary literature concerning the status of Hymangium and Descomyces is addressed. Issues concerning typification of Hymangium are discussed so as to clarify the status of that genus and to determine if indeed it is necessary to conserve the genus Descomyces. (21 refs.)

Gomes-Silva A C & Gilbertoni T B (pp. 319-322) [English] A checklist of aphyllophoraceous fungi of the Brazilian Amazonia has been compiled and is available at www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html (12 refs.)

Suarez V L, Wright J E & Calonge E D (pp. 323-327) [English & Latin] Description of oblongispora V L Suarez, J E Wright & E D Calonge Sp. nov. from Brazil which is very similar to C. sporocristata recently described from Costa Rica. The differences are discussed and shown in a table. illustrated with b/w photos. (14 refs.)

Kout J & Vlasak J (pp. 329-335) Description of Antrodia serialiformis Kout & Vlasak ap. nov. which is very similar to A. serialis and was probably previously confused with it but the differences are established here. Illustrated with a b/w drawing. (14 refs.)

Chen J et al. (pp. 337-340) [English] Description of Leohumicola verrucosa newly recorded from China. This genus is new to China. Illustrated with b/w photos. (3 refs.)

Bolea A G & Castro M B (pp. 341-346) [English] Description of Rhizoplaca mahuei Gomez-Bolea & M Barbero comb. nov., new combination for Polycauliona mahuei. Also R. bullata is declared to be conspecific with R. mahueiI and is a heterotypic synonym of this last species. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (10 refs.)

Zao Z T, Meng F G, Li H M & Wang H Y (pp. 347-352) [English & Latin] Description of Melanohalea lobulata F G Meng & H Y Wang, sp. nov. from the Tibetan Plateau. A key to 20 known species of Melanohalea is also provided. Illustrated with b/w photos. (8 refs.)

Kukwa M & Flakus A (pp. 353-364) [English & Latin] Lepraria glaucosorediata Flakus & Kukwa, sp. nov. is described. New information on the distribution and taxonomy of Lepraria, mainly from tropical regions is presented. L. zerorinica is raised to species level. Other Lepraria species which are new records for the country are described. Illustrated with b/w photos. (39 refs.)

Cortez V G, Baseia I G & Silveira R M (pp. 365-384) [English] phalloides and 7 species of Tulostoma known from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil are described and illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. A key to these species is included. (38 refs.)

Kumar T K A & Manimohan P (pp. 385-428) [English & Latin] Report of a study of Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus species in Kerala State, India. The following new species are described, Leucoagaricus majusculus T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov., L. rufosquamulosus T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov., L. crystalliferoides T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov., L. virididiflavus T K A Kumar & Manim. comb. nov., L. candicans T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov. L. subflavus T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov. L. luteosquamulosus T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov., Leucocoprinus delicatulus T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov. L. pusillusi T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov.. L. munnarensis T K A Kumar & Manim. sp. nov.. Other species in these genera found in Kerala State are also described briefly and discussed and a key to all the species collected is included. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (36 refs.)

Antonin V, Ryoo R & Shin H D (pp. 429-440) [English & Latin] Descriptions of Crinipellis nigricaulis var. macrospora Antonin, R Ryoo & H D Shin var. nov. and C. rhizomaticola Antonin, R Ryoo & H D Shin sp. nov. and also of C. zonata found in the Republic of Korea. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (25 refs.)

Pereira L T & Basaeia I G (pp. 441-444) [English] A summary of the history of the study of in Brazil introduces a checklist compiled from the available literature. The complete check list is available on www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html (37 refs.)

Liu Y & Bau T (pp. 445-448) [English & Latin] Description of Hohenbuehelia olivacea Yu Liu & T Bau sp.nov. recently discovered in China. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (14 refs.)

Park M J & Shin H D (pp. 449-456) [English & Latin] Description of Pyricularia commelinicola M J Park & H D Shin sp. nov. found on Commelina communis in Korea. Comparison is made with other species of this genus found on the same host and phylogenetic data are supplied. Illustrated with b/w photos. (17 refs.)

Moreno G, Khalid A N & Alvarado P (pp. 457- 462) [English & Latin] Description of calongei G Moreno & Khalid sp. nov. from Pakistan. Other Phallus species are discussed. Illustrated with a colour photo and a line drawing. (12 refs.)

Yazici J & Aslan A (pp. 463-466) [English] Descriptions of three lichen species new to Turkey, Lecania spadicea, Opegrapha subelevata and Phyconia isidiigera. (10 refs.)

Blanco M N, Moreno G, Checa J, Platas G & Pelaez F (pp. 467-477) [English] Morphological study and phylogenetic analysis of three species of Coniophora suggested that C. opuntia is a synonym of C. arachnoides while C. prasinoides is a valid separate taxon. The three species are described and illustrated with b/w photos. (17 refs.)

Li Z & Guo L (pp. 479-484) [English & Latin] Descriptions of 2 new species from China, Exobasidium yunnanense Zhen Ying Li & L Guo sp. nov. and E. deqenense Zhen Ying Li & L Guo sp. nov. and of E.canadense new to China.Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (13 refs.)

Wang Y Z (pp. 485-489) [English & Latin] Description of Arachnopeziza hiemalis Yei Z Wang sp. nov. from Taiwan. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos. (17 refs.)

Lendemer J C, Kocourkova J & Knudsnen K (pp. 491-497) [English] Continuation of Studies in lichen and lichenicolous fungi in North America. Five species are described and illustrated with b/w photos. (21 refs.)

Mugambi G K, Huhndorf S M & Rogers J D (pp. 499-504) [English & Latin] Descriptions of two new xylarious species from Kenya, Kretzschmaria parvistroma Mugambi, Huhndorf & J D Rogers sp.nov. and iBiscogniauxia kenyana Mugambi, Huhndorf & J D Rogers sp.nov., illustrated with b/w photos. (4 refs.)

Redhead S A, Kirk P M, Keeling P J & Weiss L M (pp. 505-507) [English] Proposal to amend the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature by excluding the phylum Microsporidia.