Trans. JSASS Aerospace Tech. Japan Vol. 14, No. ists30, pp. Pu_7-Pu_14, 2016 Key Concepts of ITF-1 & ITF-2 toward Space Education and Outreach for the Benefit of All People By Atsushi YASUDA,1) Hiroki KAMEDA2) and Toshihiro KAMEDA3) 1) College of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 2) College of Engineering Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 3) Department of Engineering Mechanics & Energy, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Received July 30th, 2015) Since the effective satellite-based education and outreach methods has not been clarified so far, we researched satellites in the world and their activities in order to extract essential issues from the viewpoints of successful education and outreach. As the results, we found the following three key points are all required for successful space education and outreach with satellites; "No limit type": the satellite everyone can use, "Participation type": the satellite users can participate in its mission, and "Interaction type": the satellite users can interact each other. Furthermore, as the example to fulfill these key points, we introduce CubeSats, ITF-1 and ITF-2 developed by University of Tsukuba YUI Project, with their missions and activities related with space education and outreach. Key Words: Satellite, Education, Outreach, Global mission design, Demand analysis 1. Introduction 2. Research Since the first artificial satellite Sputnik was launched in In order to understand whether space education and 1957, many satellites have been launched by various outreach with CubeSats are familiar, we researched a number organizations around the world. In recent years, satellites have of satellite development groups. After that, we focused on the been developed not only by companies but also by university use of their satellites for space education and outreach, and the laboratories. In particular, CubeSats that have been developed effects of each activity. This research was based on the by universities are used not only for scientific and technical following conditions. missions but also for space education and outreach. However, space education and outreach with CubeSats are (1) Only CubeSats developed by universities around the not familiar to most people because effective methods are not world were targeted. Satellites developed by military, well-established. There are no satellites mainly aimed toward countries, or companies were not targeted. space education or outreach so far. (2) We analyzed effective methods for space education and As a unique attempt to improve this situation, we developed outreach with CubeSats developed by universities. ITF-1 in YUI Project, which is a satellite development project Therefore, we did not ask for information about the of University of Tsukuba to connect people around the world satellites and activities from each group. through the construction of “YUI network.” This mission is (3) In this paper, we define space education as educational closely related to space education and international interaction. activities carried out with a CubeSat for the public. After ITF-1 was launched, we could not receive its signal, Outreach is an activity to spread interest and concern thus the main mission was not perfectly completed. At present, about CubeSat missions and space educational activities. a second satellite called ITF-2 is being developed in order to A group with space education and outreach provides further improve YUI network. educational activities and outreach with CubeSats. We In this paper, we focus on a number of CubeSats with only focused on groups with educational activities and missions of space education and outreach. Based on this outreach using CubeSats. research, we present an analysis of effective outreach methods. We introduce ITF-1 as an example of this method and our In this research, we referred to Wikipedia1) and UNISEC second satellite ITF-2 with feedback to improve YUI network. website.2) We researched 98 CubeSats. Fifteen satellite Finally, we propose more effective activities to space development groups used CubeSats to perform educational education and outreach by satellites. activities and outreach. These numbers do not include the satellite developed by YUI Project of University of Tsukuba. Table 1 presents the results of our research. Copyright© 2016 by the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences and1 ISTS. All rights reserved. Pu_7 Trans. JSASS Aerospace Tech. Japan Vol. 14, No. ists30 (2016) Table 1. List of CubeSats and groups with space education and outreach. Name Mission Space education and outreach (Organization) They gathered 8000 messages from the public where the names of babies and dreams of children were 1. To cheer children up by loading messages onto written. These messages were converted into 3) the satellite gathered from the public Negai☆” microfilms and loaded onto the satellite. 2. To demonstrate that a satellite system controlled (Soka University) by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is resistant to cosmic radiation They held the observation event at the ground station of their satellite in Hachijojima. 1. To manage the program as a part of the systems engineering educational program 2. To complete the satellite by the launch of H2A HORYU-II4) rocket in 2011 winter season They held the event where participants experienced 3. To demonstrate that satellite bus technology receiving a signal from the satellite with a handmade (KIT(Kyusyu Institute of operates normally in space antenna. About 20 people attended this event.5) Technology) satellite project) 4. To generate 300 V power on low orbit 5. To provide regional contributions and personal training program with camera photography image 1. To design artwork utilizing data received from At the exhibition “Open Space 2012”, they displayed the satellite artwork utilizing data from the satellite. They also held 2. To develop an application programming a talk show and symposium there.7) INVADER6) interface (API) to easily obtain and utilize data from the satellite (Tama Art University, 3. To develop works using the satellite as an The University of Tokyo) interactive medium They took part in “Maker Faire Tokyo 2013” and 8) 4. To suggest new ways to utilize satellites through displayed models of their satellite. art and design They held a talk show at the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation.10) 1. To design and fabricate a “deep space sculpture” 2. To compose and encode poetry that reflects not only the sensor data but also the artist’s They held lectures at the event “Matsudo Scientist subconscious personality a kind of Night5.”11) DESPATCH9) “tele-creation” process 3. To experiment “cooperative diversity (Tama Art University, communications,” which is a system comprising They took part in “Maker Faire Tokyo 2014” and The University of Tokyo) ground stations around the world receiving weak displayed models of their satellite. They also gave a signals from deep space and recombining the presentation about their satellite there. 12,13) data with the Web and social networks 4. To perform onboard verification of 3D-printed parts of space instruments They made a short film about their satellite and showed it at a city museum in Sagamihara.14) They taught children about satellite mechanisms through an easy experiment at their open campus and festival at Kagawa University (1600 people participated 1. To deploy and retrieve tether of short range in this festival).16,17) STARS15) 2. To control daughter satellite 3. To take photos each other (Kagawa University) 4. To communicate between satellites They requested 24 astronomical observatories to observe their satellites STARS and STARS-II.18,19) 2 Pu_8 A. YASUDA et al.: Key Concepts of ITF-1 & ITF-2 toward Space Education and Outreach for the Benefit of All People They taught children about satellite mechanisms through an easy experiment at their open campus and 1. To deploy Electro Dynamic Tether (EDT) by festival at Kagawa University (1600 people participated gravity gradient in this festival).16,17) STARS-II20) 2. To gather electrical current by EDT 3. To control attitude by arm link motion based on (Kagawa University) tether tension due to gravity gradient 4. To deploy and retrieve tether by tether tension control They requested 24 astronomical observatories to observe STARS-II.18,19) They held a debriefing session about their activities at the culture center in Tochigi for about 100 participants.22) They participated in the scientific event “Enjoy! Kagaku!!” at Teikyo University and explained their satellite.23) TeikyoSat-321) To load slime bacteria and examine the effects of a microgravity environment and cosmic radiation on (Teikyo University) them They presented about their activities at the aerospace symposium in Tochigi.24) They gave the open lecture about their activities at Teikyo University. 25) They held the small lecture meeting and explained their activities at Wakayama University. 27) UNIFORM-126) 1. To picture and detect thermal anomalies on Earth for the purpose of detecting wildfires They held a public viewing for the launch of the (Wakayama University 2. To realize capacity building development satellite. About 300 people participated.28) (Representative group)) through cooperation with other countries They held events to explain their activities in Kishiwada City. 29) They distributed digital images of the Earth from their satellite to the public through PCs and cellphone. About 1. To gather satellite health information via a 3000 people registered with this service.31) beacon signal XI-IV30) 2. To uplink commands and downlink data 3. To provide a telemetry data broadcasting service (The University of Tokyo) 4. To verify the commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) They gathered messages from about 200 people, components on orbit converted them into microfilms, and loaded them onto the satellite. 32,33) 1. To demonstrate imaging technology by using an They participated in the aerospace exhibition at Nagoya “extensible boom” as a telescope and displayed an engineering model of their satellite.35) 2.