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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
Rapid Climate Vulnerability Assessment of Gangtok, Sikkim
February, 2018 RAPID CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF GANGTOK, SIKKIM Developing Disaster Resilience Action Plan Through GIS & Prioritising Actions for Natural Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Agglomerations of Shillong & Gangtok Gangtok City, Sikkim Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, is located in the eastern Himalayan range. The city is flanked on east and west by two streams, namely Roro Chu and Ranikhola, respectively, comprising 17 municipal wards. These two rivers divide the natural drainage into two parts, the eastern and western parts. Fig 1: Gangtok City map Gangtok City Characteristics Indicators Characteristics Classification of the city Hill Location 27°20’N 88°37’E Area 19.016 sq.km Climate Type Subtropical highland climate Temperature Average Annual Maximum Temperature - 27°C Average Annual Minimum Temperature - 19°C Rainfall Average annual : 3494 mm Height above Mean Sea Level 1,676 m above MSL Fig2: The main road connecting Gangtok to other cities Fig3: Gangtok M G Marg and towns Steep slopes, vulnerability to landslides, large forest cover and inadequate access to most areas characterize Gangtok. Unplanned urbanization and rapid construction on the hill slopes has increased the risk of environmental degradation in Gangtok. Hazard Exposure Sl. No Hazard Type Exposure 1 Flash Flood Y 2 Drought/ Heat Wave N 3 Earthquakes Y 4 Landslides Y 5 Forest Fires Y 6 Heavy Rainfall Y 7 Hailstorms/thundering Y Hazard Timeline Index Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Landslides Flash Flood Hailstorm/thundering Forest -
Probabilistic Travel Model of Gangtok City, Sikkim, India FINAL.Pdf
European Journal of Geography Volume 4, Issue2: 46-54, 2013 © Association of European Geographers ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ATTRACTIVENESS USING PROBABILISTIC TRAVEL MODEL: A STUDY ON GANGTOK AND ITS SURROUNDINGS Suman PAUL Krishnagar Govt. College, Department of Geography Nadia, West Bengal, India. Pin-741101 http://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/ [email protected] Abstract: Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. The concept of tourism could be traced back to ancient times when people travelled with a view to acquiring knowledge of unknown lands and people, for the development of trade and commerce, for religious preaching and also for the sheer adventure of discovery. In fact the system of tourism involves a combination of travel, destination and marketing, which lead to a process of its cultural dimension. Gangtok as a core centre of Sikkim has potential command area over different tourist spots in East Sikkim, which are directly linked by a network of roads centering Gangtok and are perfectly accessible for one-day trips. The tourist attractions of East Sikkim are clustered mostly in and around Gangtok, the state capital. This study shows the tourism infrastructure as well as seasonal arrival of tourists in the Gangtok city and to develop the probabilistic travel model on the basis of tourist perception which will help the tourism department for the further economic development of the area. KeyWords: Eco-tourism, command area, tourist attractions, probabilistic travel model 1. INTRODUCTION Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. -
Introduction to BI-Tagavad-Gita
TEAcI-tER'S GuidE TO INTROduCTioN TO BI-tAGAVAd-GiTA (DAModAR CLASS) INTROduCTioN TO BHAqAVAd-qiTA Compiled by: Tapasvini devi dasi Hare Krishna Sunday School Program is sponsored by: ISKCON Foundation Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. History ofthe Kuru Dynasty 3 2. Birth ofthe Pandavas 10 3. The Pandavas Move to Hastinapura 16 4. Indraprastha 22 5. Life in Exile 29 6. Preparing for Battle 34 7. Quiz 41 Crossword Puzzle Answer Key 45 Worksheets 46 9ntroduction "Introduction to Bhagavad Gita" is a session that deals with the history ofthe Pandavas. It is not meant to be a study ofthe Mahabharat. That could be studied for an entire year or more. This booklet is limited to the important events which led up to the battle ofKurlLkshetra. We speak often in our classes ofKrishna and the Bhagavad Gita and the Battle ofKurukshetra. But for the new student, or student llnfamiliar with the history ofthe Pandavas, these topics don't have much significance ifthey fail to understand the reasons behind the Bhagavad Gita being spoken (on a battlefield, yet!). This session will provide the background needed for children to go on to explore the teachulgs ofBhagavad Gita. You may have a classroonl filled with childrel1 who know these events well. Or you may have a class who has never heard ofthe Pandavas. You will likely have some ofeach. The way you teach your class should be determined from what the children already know. Students familiar with Mahabharat can absorb many more details and adventures. Young children and children new to the subject should learn the basics well. -
225 Poems from the Rig-Veda (Translated from Sanskrit And
Arts and Economics 225 Poems from the Rig-veda (Translated from Sanskrit and annotated by Paul Thieme) ["Gedichte aus dem Rig-Veda"] (Aus dem Sanskrit iibertragen und erHi.utert von Paul Thieme) 1964; 79 p. Nala and Damayanti. An Episode from the Mahabharata (Translated from Sanskrit and annotated by Albrecht Wezler) ["Nala und Damayanti. Eine Episode aus dem Mahabharata"] (Aus dem Sanskrit iibertragen und erHi.utert von Albrecht Wezler) 1965; 87 p. (UNESCO Sammlung reprasentativer Werke; Asiatische Reihe) Stuttgart: Verlag Philipp Reclam jun. These two small volumes are the first translations from Sanskrit in the "Unesco Collection of Representative Works; Asiatic Series", which the Reclam Verlag has to publish. The selection from the Rig-veda, made by one of the best European ~xperts, presents the abundantly annotated German translation of 'D~ Songs after a profound introduction on the origin and nature of the .Q.lg-veda. Wezler's Nala translation presents the famous episode in simple German prose, and is likewise provided with numerous explanatory notes. Professor Dr. Hermann Berger RIEM:SCHNEIDER, MARCARETE 'l'he World of the mttites (W.ith a Foreword by Helmuth Th. Bossert. Great Cultures of Anti ~~l~y, Vol. 1) [ ~le Welt der Hethiter"] ~M~t einem Vorwort von Helmuth Th. Bossert. GroBe Kulturen der ruhzeit, Band 1) ~~u8ttgart: J. G. Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, 7th Edition 1965; 260 p., plates ~:e bOok un~er review has achieved seven editions in little more than th ~ears, a SIgn that it supplied a wide circle of readers not only with in: Information they need, but it has also been able to awaken lIit~~;st. -
South District of Forest Environment & Wildlife Management Department in Their Respective GPU/Ward with Immediate Effect
GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM DEPARTMENT OF FOREST ENVIRONMENT & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT FOREST SECRETARIAT, DEORALI, GANGTOK SIKKIM-737102 No: 606/ADM/FEWMD Dated: 30/01/2019 OFFICE ORDER With the approval of the competent authority, the following employees appointed on temporary ad-hoc basis under “One Family One Job Scheme” are hereby posted under various Divisions South District of Forest Environment & Wildlife Management Department in their respective GPU/Ward with immediate effect:- Sl. POST APPOINTED Reporting NAME CONSTITUENCY GPU/ WARD No. No. FOR Officer Environmental Rangang Lower Togday Ms. Shanti Maya Rai Assistant Yangang Ward DFO (T) 1 South Environmental Nambung Ward DFO (T) 2 Ms. Rekha Subba Temi Namphing Assistant Temi Namphing South Lower Sripatam Environmental Yangyang Mr. Rajesh Dahal Ward, Yangang DFO (T) 3 Assistant Rangang Rangrang South Environmental Rolak Kabey Ward, DFO (T) 4 Mr. Nutan Subba Temi Namphing Assistant Temi Namphing South Ms. Elizabeth Environmental Namchi DFO (T) 5 Rong Ward Gurung Assistant Singhithang South 12 Bermiok Tokal 6 Mr. Bishal Tamang Multi-task Office Staff Temi Namphing GPU Upper Tokal DFO (T) No. 5 South Environmental DFO(WL) 7 Ms. Namrata Nepal Temi Namphing Lower Tarku Assistant South Environmental Salghari Zoom DFO(WL) 8 Mr. Suman Rai Khaling Gaon Ward Assistant (SC) South Lingee Shokpay Environmental Tumin Lingee Mr. Sagar Rai GPU, Maidam DFO(WL) 9 Assistant (BL) Ward South Mr. Devi Charan Environmental Rangang Upper Kolthang DFO(WL) 10 Chettri Assistant Yangang Ward South Environmental Namthang DFO(WL) 11 Mr. Santa Tamang Kolbung Assistant Rateypani South Environmental DFO(WL) 12 Ms. Chabi Maya rai Barfung (BL) Lamten Tingmoo Assistant South Environmental Rangang DFO (E & 13 Ms. -
District Election Plan for General Elections 2014
District Election Plan for General Elections 2014 South District, Sikkim 2 Contents 1 DISTRICT PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 GEOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 DEMOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT ............................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES IN SOUTH SIKKIM .......................................................................................................... 10 1.4.1 9 – BERFUNG ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.4.2 10-POKLOK-KAMRANG ........................................................................................................................ 11 1.4.3 11-NAMCHI-SINGHITHANG .................................................................................................................. 13 1.4.4 12-MELLI .............................................................................................................................................. 14 1.4.5 13-NAMTHANG-RATEYPANI ............................................................................................................... -
Horticulture & Cash Crops Development Department
` Annual Progress Report 2010-11 1 Horticulture & Cash Crops Development Department Government of Sikkim 1. Introduction Sikkim is a land blessed by nature with bountiful resources, manifested in rich biodiversity, perennial water sources, diverse soil profile, extremely varied climate and wide ranging topographical variations. Diverse agro-ecological situations ranging from sub-tropical in the lower valleys to alpine in very high elevations present an extremely congenial environment for horticulture diversifications. Our horticulture development programmes are based on the advantages arising out of our inherent strengths and disadvantages posed by geography and topography. Nonetheless, our efforts directed towards converting disadvantages into advantage have brought about path breaking transformations in horticulture sector. Promoting farm activities that are fully compatible with our ecology and ethos forms the basic core of our development strategy. As a result of various interventions, this sector has been able to achieve much in area expansion under different commercial crops. Increased productivity, high level of crop diversification and technological inputs are some of the manifestations of departmental interventions. Tangible area increase under flowers and vegetables has been achieved over the years especially cultivation of off-season vegetables. Protected cultivation, a notion quite remote a few years back now has evolved into one of the most effective inputs for flowers na vegetables. Fruit cultivation is a traditional practice in the State and the resurgence of orange cultivation has strengthened our confidence and given new hope to our farmers. Similar strategy is being followed with greater zeal for controlling large cardamom decline. Climate change as everywhere has posed new challenges with threats of new pests and diseases, change in cropping pattern and shift in cropping line. -
LOK SABHA DEBATES (English Version)
Thursday, May 8, 1997 Eleventh Series, Vol. XIV No. 6 Vaisakha 18, 1919 (Saka) LOK SABHA DEBATES (English Version) Fourth Session (Part-IV) (Eleventh Lok Sabha) ir.ufr4*B* (Vol. XIV contains No. 1 to 12) l o k sa b h a secretariat NEW DELHI I’ rn c Rs >0 00 EDITORIAL BOARD Shri S. Gopalan Secretary General Lok Sabha Shri Surendra Mishra Additional Secretary Lok Sabha Secretariat Shri P.C. Bhatt Chief Editor Lok Sabha Secretariat Shri Y.K.. Abrol Senior Editor Shri S.C. Kala Assistant Editor [Original English Proceedings included in English Version and Original Hindi Proceedings included in Hindi Version will be treated as authoritative and not the translation thereof.] „ b . »• KB (ftb’ • • • M o d FOC Col./line or. vallabh BhaiKathiria vailabha Bhai Kathiria (i)/M Shri N .S .VChitthan . Sr i N.S-V. 'n.tNit ( i i ) /'/ Dr. Ran Krishna Kusnaria nc. Ran Krv.<» .fhnaria 5/14 Shri Ran V ilas Pa swan Shri R® Villa* Pa^ai 8/14 (fioni below) Shri Datta Meghe Shri Datta Maghe 10/10 (Irotr below) Shrimati Krishna Bose Shrimati K irsh n a Bose 103/It> Shri Sunder La i Patva Shri Sunder Patva 235/19 Sh ri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Shri Atal Bihari Vajpa« 248/28 Shri Mchaiwaa Ali ^ T o t Shri Hdhsmnad Ali hohraaf Fatmi 2 5 3 /1 .1 4 F atm i 2 5 4 /8 Shri aikde® P m* w 1 Shri Sukhaev Pasnai 378/24 3BO/3 CONTENTS [Eleventh Series, Vol. XIV, Fourth Session (Part-IV) 1997/1919 (Saka] No. -
The Great Indian Novel 60
Q CHAPTER THREE THE GREAT INDIAN NOVEL 60 The Great Indian Novel published in 1989, derives its title from the ancient epic, the Mahabhamta. Shashi Tharoor has taken the Mahabharata as a blueprint and filled it with a contemporary cast for his witty rendering of pre-independent and post-independent India. The history of India's struggle against colonial rule and her postcolonial assignation with democracy is presented in an epic vein. Unlike the epic of Vyas, the novel is divided into eighteen books. Its narrative is presented in a multi-coloured style and digressive manner. It seems to take an alternative, specifically new historicist view, of the way modem India should be meditated. The novel indeed has some sterling qualities. The historical narrative follows the line of the Mahabharata to provide insight into current politics and the epic through Indo-nostalgic narration. A literal transplantation of the characters of the epic by actual men and women of history on a one-to-one formula tends on the one hand, to make a caricature of the historical events and on the other hand to ignore the borders between myth and history. In a seminar essay entitled 'Myth, History and Fiction' Tharoor (1991:384) states: The Great Indian Novel is an attempt to retell the political history of twentieth century India through a fictional recasting of events, episodes and characters from the Mahabharata. Further, he (1990:7) calls his novel as "An attempt of yoking of myth to history." As the novel advances, he gradually abandons the novelistic conventions and the characters become walking metaphors to project Indo-nostalgia. -
Reinventing Sati and Sita: a Study of Amish Tripathi's Central Women Characters from a Feminist Perspective Abstract
ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Reinventing Sati and Sita: A Study of Amish Tripathi’s Central Women Characters from a Feminist Perspective T.V. Sri Vaishnavi Devi [email protected] 9043526179 Assistant Professor and Research Scholar Department of English (UG Aided) Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College Pollachi. Dr. A.Srividhya 9894086190 [email protected] Assistant Professor and Research Supervisor Department of English (UG Aided) Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College Pollachi. Abstract In the age old mythical narratives, women were seen from the androcentric perspective and were portrayed as creatures that are inferior to men by all means. The customs and traditions created by the patriarchal world suppressed women to an extent where she become a dumb doll, unable to express her talents and capabilities. Revisioning myth interprets the myth from a new angle. Revisioning mythmaking is one of the emerging trends in literature at present. The critical discourse of revisionist mythmaking attempts to revision, reinterpret and reconstruct the age-old myth from a feminist perspective. It gives voice to the voiceless beings and challenges the patriarchal notions of feminine identity. Amish Tripathi, India’s first literary pop star and a contemporary Indian myth maker, rereads and rewrites the ancient Indian epics by utilizing the strategy of revisionist myth-making. This paper examines the way Amish Tripathi has subverted the androcentric mythical narratives by creating a new identity for the mythical woman characters, Sati and Sita. It traces the challenges faced by these central women characters and highlights bravery and efficacy as leaders which help them to undermine the power structures of male-dominated society. -
A Comprehensive Guide by Jack Watts and Conner Reynolds Texts
A Comprehensive Guide By Jack Watts and Conner Reynolds Texts: Mahabharata ● Written by Vyasa ● Its plot centers on the power struggle between the Kaurava and Pandava princes. They fight the Kurukshetra War for the throne of Hastinapura, the kingdom ruled by the Kuru clan. ● As per legend, Vyasa dictates it to Ganesha, who writes it down ● Divided into 18 parvas and 100 subparvas ● The Mahabharata is told in the form of a frame tale. Janamejaya, an ancestor of the Pandavas, is told the tale of his ancestors while he is performing a snake sacrifice ● The Genealogy of the Kuru clan ○ King Shantanu is an ancestor of Kuru and is the first king mentioned ○ He marries the goddess Ganga and has the son Bhishma ○ He then wishes to marry Satyavati, the daughter of a fisherman ○ However, Satyavati’s father will only let her marry Shantanu on one condition: Shantanu must promise that any sons of Satyavati will rule Hastinapura ○ To help his father be able to marry Satyavati, Bhishma renounces his claim to the throne and takes a vow of celibacy ○ Satyavati had married Parashara and had a son with him, Vyasa ○ Now she marries Shantanu and has another two sons, Chitrangada and Vichitravirya ○ Shantanu dies, and Chitrangada becomes king ○ Chitrangada lives a short and uneventful life, and then dies, making Vichitravirya king ○ The King of Kasi puts his three daughters up for marriage (A swayamvara), but he does not invite Vichitravirya as a possible suitor ○ Bhishma, to arrange a marriage for Vichitravirya, abducts the three daughters of Kasi: Amba,