Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice:

Africa Regional Workshop

Douala, , 27-29 May 2015

Douala,Summary 27–29 report May 2015

Strengthening C&I for SFM Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

1. PREFACE

With funding from the German Government, FAO is carrying out a two-year project to take stock of progress in the design and implementation of criteria and indicators (C&Is) of sustainable forest management in tropical countries throughout the world. Since the 1990s, the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) has been carrying out a series of projects to support its member states (mostly producers/exporters of tropical timber) particularly in designing and implementing their principles, criteria and indicators (PCIs). As the subregional organization responsible for in Central Africa – the continent’s main timber- exporting forest region – the Central African Forests Commission (COMIFAC) hosted this workshop in Douala, gathering together representatives of the West Africa, Central Africa, and Eastern and Southern Africa subregions. The idea originated at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, when all the countries undertook to draw up criteria and indicators of the sustainable management of their forests. The idea then developed over time, with some countries taking it completely on board, others only partially, while others have yet to start on the process. The time had now come to take stock of progress in each major regional group – Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East and Latin America. The aim is to share experience to date, understand the strengths and weaknesses of the various initiatives, and propose an appropriate approach for the coming years in order to boost the use of C&Is not only in terms of forest management strategies and policies, but also by the actual managers of forests in the field. This reflection should also take account of emerging issues and the various initiatives addressing them (FLEGT, REDD+, various types of certification etc.), which seek to improve forest management by proposing specific monitoring and evaluation tools, while recognizing that pressure on forests is constantly growing. The result in terms of stock-taking and of proposals for the future will be presented at the next World Forestry Congress, to be held in Durban (South Africa) in September 2015. The Africa workshop is thus part of this international dynamics, with the particularity that the continent contains a wide variety of forest situations, encompassing closed rain forest in the and along the West African coast, increasingly dry forest, moving either north or south from the tropics, montane forests, tree savannah, forests and gallery forests, but also forest plantations and forest-agriculture combinations in various forms of agroforestry. A certain number of countries have joined ITTO, so that they benefit from the organization’s support in developing their PCIs of sustainable forest management. Most of these are timber-producing countries where the state is the owner of the forests. These countries have officially adopted the ITTO PCIs, but have not so far developed effective monitoring systems based on these same PCIs. The largest forest enterprises therefore progressively had to obtain certification during the 2000s to comply with the increasingly strict requirements of the market, which did not trust national systems to guarantee sustainable management of the forests being harvested. The certificates used the PCIs prepared with ITTO support as their starting point, making them more operational, precise and full, but, above all, more measurable. The FLEGT process, which focuses first and foremost on the legality and traceability

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 of timber exported to the European Union out of a concern to improve forest management, has also used PCIs as a starting point in drawing up national legality grids. The REDD+ process, which was launched toward the end of the 2000s, also undertook the development of C&Is to monitor and evaluate forest cover. Other tools have also been developed for the more specific situations of community forests or privately-owned forests. In non-ITTO member countries that export little or no logs and sawnwood, the situation with regard to C&Is varies more widely. Generally speaking, no PCIs are adopted by the state for the monitoring of forests, although in some cases systems have been developed to meet specific requirements, for example with regard to plantations or community managed stands. The joint ITTO/FAO–COMIFAC workshop examined the various situations in West Africa, Central Africa, and Eastern and Southern Africa in order not only to take stock of the situation in the subregions and make specific recommendations, but also to propose more general recommendations for the whole of sub-Saharan Africa.

Figure 1: Participants of the joint ITTO/FAO–COMIFAC workshop

Please see also the Internet site of the FAO C&I Project, where you will find the presentations, reports and speakers’ biographies: www.fao.org/forestry/ci/89368/en

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

2. CONTENTS 1. Preface ...... 1 2. Contents ...... 3 3. Acronyms ...... 4 4. Opening session ...... 5 5. Review of NWGs and process of development and implementation of PCIs for sustainable forest management in African ITTO member countries ...... 7 5.1 Panel 1: Experience and results of the establishment and operation of NWGs in Africa ...... 7 5.2 Panel 2: Experience and results of the development of SFM PCIs in Africa ...... 8 5.3 Panel 3: Experience and results of the use of Sustainable Forest Management PCIs in the Democratic , Ghana and Gabon ...... 9 6. Development and use of C&Is for SFM and their use in forest policy and practice ...... 11 6.1 Panel 4: Current uses of C&Is at the strategic level ...... 11 6.2 Panel 5: Strengthening the use of C&Is in Africa as a tool for (1) policy dialogue and communication and (2) monitoring, evaluation and reporting ...... 12 6.3 Working groups by subregion (1) ...... 13 6.4 Panel 6: Strengthening the use of C&Is as a tool to promote sustainable forest management practices at all levels ...... 14 6.5 Working groups by subregion (2) ...... 15 6.6 Synthesis ...... 15 7. Closing session ...... 16 8. Results of the ITTO/FAO–COMIFAC Workshop ...... 17 8.1 Synthèse finale (version française) ...... 17 8.2 Final synthesis (English version) ...... 20 8.3 Results of working groups by subregion (2) – Day 3 ...... 24 8.3.1 West Africa group...... 24 8.3.2 Central Africa group ...... 25 8.3.3 Eastern and Southern Africa group ...... 27 9. Annexes ...... 28 9.1 Workshop programme ...... 28 9.2 Opening addresses ...... 31 9.2.1 FAO opening address ...... 31 9.2.2 ITTO opening address ...... 33 9.2.3 COMIFAC opening address ...... 36 9.2.4 MINFOF opening address ...... 38 9.3 Address of the representative of the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife at the closing ceremony ...... 40 9.4 Questions for the working groups (1) Day 2 ...... 41 9.5 Reports of the working groups (1) – Day 2 ...... 42 9.5.1 West Africa group...... 42 9.5.2 Central Africa group ...... 43 9.5.3 Eastern and Southern Africa group ...... 45 9.6 Questions for the working groups (2) – Day 3 ...... 47 9.7 Workshop evaluation sheet ...... 49 9.7.1 Results of the workshop evaluation ...... 50 9.8 List of participants ...... 51

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

3. ACRONYMS

ATO African Timber Organization AU African Union C&Is Criteria and Indicators CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBFP Congo Basin Forest Partnership CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEMAC Central African Economic and Monetary Community CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research COMIFAC Central African Forests Commission EAC East African Community ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade FMU Forest Management Unit FRA Global Forest Resources Assessment (FAO) FSC Forest Stewardship Council ICS Incident Command System ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MINFOF Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife of Cameroon NBSAP National Strategy and Action Plan NWFPs Non-Wood Forest Products NWG National Working Group OFAC Observatory for Central African Forests OLB Origine et Légalité des Bois (= timber origin and legality) PAFC Pan African Forest Certification PCIs Principles, Criteria and Indicators PLTC Private Legality and Traceability Certificate RAPAC Central African Network of Protected Areas REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SADC Southern African Development Community SFM Sustainable Forest Management SFMC Sustainable Forest Management Certification/Certificate SODEFOR Société de Développement Forestier (Forest Development Corporation) TLTV Timber Legality and Traceability Verification TRAFFIC Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network UN United Nations UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFF United Nations Forum on Forests VLO Verification of Legal Origin VPA Voluntary Partnership Agreement (FLEGT) WRI World Resources Institute WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

4. OPENING SESSION

The Africa workshop was organized jointly by ITTO and FAO, under the auspices of the Central African Forests Commission (COMIFAC) and the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon. Cf. the workshop programme in Annex 9.1. The opening session was chaired by Pierre Obam Obam, Inspector General of the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon, representing His Excellency the Minister, who was unable to attend, together with Martin Tadoum, Deputy Executive Secretary of COMIFAC, Félicitas Atanga, Assistant Representative of FAO in Cameroon, and Olivier Ahimin, Coordinator of the African Timber Organization (ATO)/ITTO project. Ms Atanga recalled FAO’s major commitment at both the global and continental levels and also in each of the African subregions, to ensuring that forests, which play a vital role in environmental balance and agricultural production processes, are managed as well as possible to the advantage of countries and their inhabitants. FAO supports countries in drawing up their forest policies and is particularly involved in the FLEGT processes, which seek to boost the legality of the harvesting not only of timber, but also of NWFPs and other forest products, in an approach that seeks to promote ever greater synergy between agriculture and forests. FAO’s C&I project, which was joint organizer of this workshop, has a world-wide mandate to survey the C&Is of tropical and subtropical forests. The Africa workshop is particularly important in view of the renewed pressure this continent is experiencing because of its high rate of population growth combined with a particularly dynamic economic growth in most countries over the past few years, leading to an almost exponential increase not only in the demand for food to feed the towns, but also in the continent-wide demand for timber and especially fuelwood. Cf. Annex 9.2.1 In his address, Mr Ahimin recalled ITTO’s involvement with ATO since the 2000s in order to help member countries, especially those that export logs and sawnwood, to draw up their PCIs. In recent years, non-exporting countries have joined ITTO out of a shared wish to broaden the concept of sustainable forest management so that it is applied not only to timber, but encompasses other types of forest and other uses, mainly NTFP and environmental goods and services. ITTO carries out numerous projects in tropical forest zones, OAB/OIBT PD 124 Rev. 2 (M ) is particularly important in equipping member states with an appropriate tool for monitoring management of their forests. Cf. Annex 9.2.2 Mr Tadoum recalled COMIFAC’s major interest in the C&I process and the involvement of its subregional organization and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) in the various allied PCI processes for countries. He also stressed the efforts made to increase legality and traceability with FLEGT voluntary partnership agreements (VPAs), to promote the certification of forest concessions with the various benchmarks used, and currently to broaden the approach with the REDD+ process, which seeks to improve the governance of forest areas with appropriate C&Is for their monitoring and evaluation. The coexistence of a number of initiatives all claiming a basis in the COMIFAC convergence plan for sustainable forest management is both an advantage and a source of confusion and even misunderstanding. This workshop will help to improve the understanding of all parties and make it possible to propose recommendations that are applicable on a broader scale and

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 can be taken to the world-wide level at the World Forestry Congress in South Africa in September 2015. Cf. Annex 9.2.3 Mr Obam Obam’s opening address stressed the importance Cameroon places on this pan-African workshop and his country’s pride in being able to organize it in Douala, recognizing its position both as a forest exporter and as a bilingual country at the interface between various subregions. As a member country of COMIFAC, ATO, ITTO and FAO, Cameroon is already applying various systems of forest management criteria and indicators based on the PCIs that the country has officially adopted and that have been set out notably in FLEGT legality grids or voluntary certification benchmarks. Cf. Annex 9.2.4.

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

5. REVIEW OF NWGS AND PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PCIS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN AFRICAN ITTO MEMBER COUNTRIES

5.1 PANEL 1: EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF NWGS IN AFRICA

With the support of ITTO, member countries were invited to set up national working groups (NWGs) in order to draw up principles, criteria and indicators (PCIs) suited to the specific situation of each country. These NWGs were made up of representatives of the various parties involved in forest management. Joseph William Osei of the Ghana NWG made the first presentation, recalling the inception of his group in 1996 on the initiative of the state and its reactivation in 2002 on the initiative of civil society, its input to the development of PCIs and its subsequent transformation into an association offering support and advice services to forest holders and managers. The NWG is made up of landowners, planters, independent organizations, industrial companies, researchers and scientists, together with government representatives. He stressed the importance of the criteria for selecting members of the NWG and their motivation for sustainable forest management. The NWG has been registered as an NGO and organized as a permanent structure. It has worked on PCIs for natural forests and planted forests, and also on the benchmark for Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification for Ghana. It should be noted that in Ghana, the forests are owned not by the state but by customary chiefdoms, which hold the main responsibility for their management, while the state plays a solely regulatory role. The NWG also plays a part in the FLEGT and REDD+ processes and is recognized as a key player in the various sustainable forest management processes not only at the national level but also in decentralized local communities. He stressed the need to ensure the permanence of the NWG, and hence its funding, if it is to continue to provide support, particularly at the decentralized level and to certification processes. Bouattenin Kouadio of the Côte d’Ivoire NWG offered the second presentation. He also referred to the origins of his working group and its recognition as an association in 2006, with a permanent team and active members. The NWG has offered training for forest auditors and carried out study and extension activities. Particular note should be taken of action in specialized forestry establishments to train trainers on sustainable management and certification issues. The NWG has contributed to a revision of the frameworks for ordinary and simple management plans, PCIs and guidelines for their implementation, and also to the training of stakeholders. However, it suffers from structural problems regarding funding and a placement strategy that is often challenged by other parties providing services or by NGOs. Rose Ondo of the Gabon NWG described the history of this multistakeholder group and its role in drawing up its country’s PCIs, which were developed in 2004 and subsequently adopted by the government in 2006. However, the Gabon NWG has been truly operational only since 2004. It should be stressed here that it has in a way turned into something else with its involvement in promotion of the Sustainable Forest Management Certificate and establishment of the Gabon SFMC. Ms Ondo stated strongly that if an NWG is to work properly, it must be truly inclusive and be based on a good analysis of the stakeholders to be involved in the process. It is also vital that it be chaired by someone

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 who is highly motivated and readily available. Lastly, with a view to ensuring the NWG’s permanent existence, she suggested that it should depend on the forest administration and its funding be guaranteed by the state. The subsequent discussions allowed clarification of the positions expressed by the panellists. The central point that emerged concerned the capacity or incapacity of NWGs to adapt to changes in the national forest sector and in the international or subregional context. In other words, should NWGs develop toward functions as service providers? Or should they disappear when their initial mandate has been fulfilled? There is the issue of partnerships to be established with forest managers, particularly at the decentralized level, but also among NWGs themselves in order to develop constructive synergies.

5.2 PANEL 2: EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SFM PCIS IN AFRICA

The ITTO project has supported testing processes for PCIs in various countries. What has been your experience, what lessons can be learned and what are your thoughts about the future? Kouami Kokou, Coordinator of the Togo NWG, shared the experience of his group in testing PCIs in teak plantations and natural forests. The first phase, in 2011, entailed the preparation and participatory validation of PCIs appropriate for forest plantations. Tests were then carried out on the ground to verify that the various propositions were in fact correct. Starting with a sample of 42 state- owned plantations, 32 privately-owned plantations and 2 contractual and community plantations, a selection of 10 plantations was made, covering the various categories. This experience allowed the PCIs to be adjusted and a final validation carried out in November 2011. The main lesson learned is that planters are in general unfamiliar with the PCIs, so that the tests helped to sensitize both those in the field and auditors, providing awareness-raising and training. The PCIs are now a tool at the disposal of the various stakeholders, starting with the state itself. However, there is still much work to be done before their use is generalized. Even so, it can be stressed that the various FLEGT, REDD+ and Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) initiatives are already using these PCIs to varying degrees and working with the NWG. Alphonse Ayemou Amon of SODEFOR, a forest management expert, presented the field test cases of Coast, Togo and Benin. After working on the development of PCIs particularly for natural forests, tests were carried out on the ground to verify their ease of application and relevance. Mr Amon described the process involved, from the preparation of missions through to the processing of data and the proposal of adjustments to the PCIs. It will be found that various indicators included on regional norms (PCIs) are indeed good and are hence validated, while others turn out to be hard to understand or apply on the ground, so that they need reformulation or modification, and others cannot be applied and are thus simply discarded. It is sometimes simply a case of making them more explicit so that they are easier to understand and can thus be applied. Ms Ondo made the third presentation of this panel, focusing again on the Gabonese experience. How were Gabon’s PCIs developed and what process was used? The process adopted was participatory, including consultation of a range of stakeholders. The PCIs developed by ATO/ITTO were taken as a basis and then adapted to the Gabonese context. The Gabonese PCIs were validated in 2002 and then updated in 2004 with the support of ATO/ITTO. Tests showed that certain indicators presented problems; for example, they were too demanding, insufficiently updated or hard to interpret. The

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 government finally adopted the PCIs in 2006, but it has to be said that they are in fact very little used, very little known by users, insufficiently updated etc. From the discussions in plenary session it was noted that only ten ITTO member countries have undertaken the preparation of PCIs. It was also stressed that the various initiatives that have worked to develop PCIs have all been a result of processes supported by development partners – ITTO, European Union, United Nations etc. – and that the end result is always the same: when project funding comes to an end, the process runs into problems or simply comes to a halt because of the failure of the state or local stakeholders to assume ownership. With regard to technical issues, the question of fire in plantations was raised. What criteria and indicators should be adopted? How are they to be interpreted? In Cameroon and Ghana, the PCIs have been used as a basis in drawing up FLEGT grids and also in developing benchmarks for forest certification. The Observatory for Central African Forests (OFAC), COMIFAC’s service specializing in gathering, processing and disseminating information on the subregion’s forests, has adapted the PCIs in various spheres, working especially on the development of indicators that can really be measured. It will be agreed that without leadership from the government, there is no hope of implementing PCIs in the various forest contexts. Similarly, the system cannot function properly unless there is a real economic activity with forests, i.e. money must be made from them. The main lesson here, however, is that adequate financial resources are needed if PCIs are to be used effectively. However, note should be taken of the fact that each new initiative has had to create its own multistakeholder consultation platform and that this platform really exists and operates only so long as funding is available. It was stressed that in Gabon the PCIs have been incorporated into the technical guidelines for forest management. Similar observations can be made about the use of PCIs in various guidelines and manuals in Cameroon, Congo, the , Ivory Coast, etc. However, the approach varies widely depending on whether or not land and forests are state-owned, inasmuch as the status of land and forests is the determining factor for the whole process and for relations among the various parties.

5.3 PANEL 3: EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS OF THE USE OF SFM PCIS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, GHANA AND GABON

Augustin Mpoyi presented the specific case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly as regards application of Principle 1 of the ATO/ITTO PCIs. Although the PCIs have been adapted to the Congolese context, their use is still very partial, especially inasmuch as it has not been possible to organize any real tests. On the other hand, there are various initiatives in the country that work in parallel, each with its multistakeholder consultation platform and all dependent on specific outside funding – FLEGT, REDD+, OFAC, FSC – although these various systems are in practice not truly operational on the ground. The private sector prefers the FLEGT VPA, whereas civil society undoubtedly prefers the FSC system, which is more complete and is focused more in favour of local inhabitants. The Principle 1 of the ATO/ITTO PCIs best meet needs concerning the formulation of public policy, while the FLEGT grid is more suited for checking the legality and traceability of products. The real concern is that the state does not provide much support to these initiatives and does not

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 finance them. The result is that the whole process is almost at a standstill. Even so, new grids are still being developed with the World Resources Institute (WRI), which is currently working on a legality grid that can be applied to REDD+. Valérie Nassah of Ghana described the experience of auditing in her country, particularly from the viewpoint of public forest services with regard to forests belonging to customary chiefdoms and private parties. Ghana has received assistance from the ATO/ITTO project for six years, with support regarding training, the development of PCIs for natural forests and forest plantations, and on-the- ground monitoring and auditing. The audits carried out show a wide variation in performance levels depending on the principles and criteria being evaluated. The main problem, however, is that of obtaining the necessary information, with hard evidence, particularly regarding management plans. Jean-Bruno Mikissa, consultant and teacher, spoke about Gabon’s experience, describing a study carried out concerning the performance of forest enterprises working in Gabon. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of the ATO/ITTO indicators of Principles 2, 3 and 4 adopted by the NWG on 14 forest concessions. The purpose was to see how closely the concessions complied with the principles. The study showed that FSC-certified enterprises are considerably ahead of any others in terms of compliance, while medium-sized enterprises supported by the small-permit project are average and Chinese enterprises are most often below average. The PCIs allow evaluation of three levels of management – preparation of the management plan, implementation of the plan, and monitoring and evaluation of the plan. It was found that some principles and criteria are more difficult to implement than others. Principle 2 is particularly problematic, while 3 seems easier for enterprises. Two indicators are the real key to success – 222, concerning the management unit and its composition, and 221, concerning the allocation permit for the concession, but this case is specific to the Gabonese system. There is a special need for the training of Chinese stakeholders, but also for the promotion of FLEGT in general and for capacity-building concerning forestry, management of NWFPs and support for the PCI process in both natural forests and other areas. The subsequent discussion clearly showed that the market is what in fact determines the level of pressure on the stakeholders. The Chinese are the least compliant, since their market is the least demanding. It is equally important that the public and private sectors work together. However, at the heart of the problem of course lie the government’s role and conduct: if it does its work well, enterprises will improve their performance level, while if it lets things slide, the whole system will suffer. It was also stressed that if PCIs are to be drawn up correctly, the first requirement is the existence of a proper forest policy, a situation not always the case in the countries of the various African subregions. Central Africa bases itself on the convergence plan, but this type of reference document is not available everywhere. In broader terms, the importance was recalled of pursuing and stepping up China-Africa dialogue, which has been under way particularly between COMIFAC and China for some years, but which needs to be reanimated and developed.

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

6. DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF C&IS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT AND THEIR USE IN FOREST POLICY AND PRACTICE

6.1 PANEL 4: CURRENT USES OF C&IS AT THE STRATEGIC LEVEL

The second day of the workshop allowed the presentations and discussions to continue, with in-depth reflection on C&Is and particularly on their use in terms of supporting forest policy and strategy. The head of FAO’s C&I programme, Ewald Rametsteiner, made a general presentation of the situation of the use of C&Is in all the world’s forests, but especially tropical ones. The first question raised is that of whether everybody understands the concept in the same way. And they certainly do not. Even so, considerable improvements can be seen because of the more generalized use of C&Is in the framework of various initiatives that for the most part use the same bases for their reasoning. This progress has been possible thanks particularly to the establishment of national forest programmes. In any case, whatever differences there may be in the precise understanding of the concept, everybody agrees on the importance of putting tools in place to monitor and evaluate performance and impact with regard to sustainable forest management. Apart from forests, where understanding is fairly widely shared, it must be recognized that this approach has not been so fully taken on board in the agricultural, livestock or other sectors. Similarly, while understanding is often fairly good at the global or regional (or even subregional) levels, it becomes more difficult at the national level, and even more so at the local level. Nor does the multitude of initiatives regarding sustainable land or forest management help things, inasmuch as it brings into being a similar multitude of discussion or consultation structures and specialized tools. In the end, the stakeholders themselves get lost in all this. Even so, C&Is have been used in many countries, often being converted into specific benchmarks and used in the design and monitoring of forest policy. In the future, reflection is needed on the use of C&Is outside the forest itself for more integrated spaces, possibly with a simplification of requirements and concepts that are more accessible for a public with less preparation. The cost to enterprises of bringing their operations into line must also be taken into account, together with the cost of monitoring and evaluation or control audits. All these things are often too expensive for small-scale entrepreneurs. So what is the answer? Better synergy should be promoted among the various initiatives, but how is this to be done? The FAO project will continue its consultations in the various continents and contribute to the World Forestry Congress in September in South Africa. Peter Gondo of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) stressed the global issues at stake in forest management, recalling the commitments made by countries in 1992, commitments that have been renewed subsequently and more clearly defined in the framework of various world and pan- African conferences. He recalled the four main objectives of UNFF and the need to have appropriate tools available to monitor performance and impact indicators in order to measure progress. C&Is provide the basis for these tools. Countries then undertook to prepare progress reports on the state of their forests and submit these regularly to global authorities. In the post-2015 agenda, the tendency is to focus on a more integrated understanding of the objectives in order to take better account of countries’ development needs. However, various initiatives are being developed in parallel. Although they may sometimes seem to be in competition, in

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 overall terms they all aim at an improvement in the quality of land and species management: the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), REDD+, the Bonn Challenge, the New York Declaration, the Global Objectives on Forests (GOFs), FLEGT. The challenge in coming years will, however, be that of improving synergy and eliminating pointless and expensive duplication, particularly by facilitating the pooling of information and experience within the forest world, but also beyond it with all those managing land of any type. With John Esitadimma Onyekuru of we addressed the use of C&Is in the framework of implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) through national biodiversity strategy and action plans (NBSAPs). The exercise remains difficult since it has to face a whole range of obstacles. Despite this, it is very important to have an appropriate tool to monitor sectoral governance, which presupposes capacity-building, the political will, the systematic gathering of baseline data, the standardization of data systems, greater involvement of international experts in national processes and adequate funding for the system. Rubin Rashidi, expert in charge of REDD+ safeguards in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, spoke on this concept as applied to a country as large as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The principle lies in the REDD+ national strategic framework adopted in 2012 with its seven pillars. National standards with C&Is have been developed for the country, taking its specific features into account, but based on the Cancun standards. Mr Rashidi then described the whole mechanism put in place to ensure monitoring and allow notification to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Many difficulties have been encountered and these are on the whole much the same as those met with in the framework of PCIs or FLEGT or any other initiative – and the number of such initiatives simply complicates things. In the absence of the speaker who was to discuss the FLEGT process, a substitute presentation was made by William Lawyer of the FSC Central African office concerning the FSC process. Mr Lawyer spoke particularly about the periodic updating process for FSC’s C&Is for forests. The PCIs currently in force were validated in April 2012 and a new set should be validated by the FSC Board of Directors in late 2015. In practice, it will become obligatory for certified enterprises at the start of 2017. It will be felt that this benchmark is extremely restrictive for enterprises, with its constant revisions, not to mention its ever-increasing demands, when it is in fact a voluntary undertaking. It is thus becoming hard to obtain the agreement of stakeholders and even harder to interest small-scale harvesters in a certification system that is very expensive. During the subsequent discussions, the question of the role of the state and its importance regarding respect for regulations was raised, and also its role regarding the problem of overlapping permits, for example forest and mining permits. The capacity of state services to monitor implementation of management plans is crucial, which raises the twofold question of the funding of inspection services and the funding of management plans for small-scale enterprises.

6.2 PANEL 5: STRENGTHENING THE USE OF C&IS IN AFRICA AS A TOOL FOR (1) POLICY DIALOGUE AND COMMUNICATION AND (2) MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING

In this panel, for which no following discussion was planned, the aim was to present a synthesis for Africa of the subregional reports established by FAO consultants François Hiol Hiol for Central Africa, Peter Ngondo for Eastern and Southern Africa, and Yapi Atse for West Africa.

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

Maps of Africa show the countries that use C&Is for forest management monitoring and those that do not. These are followed by presentations showing all the uses of C&Is recorded in the subregions – and there are many of them, springing from a wide range of initiatives. Cf. the FAO regional reports. Almami Dampha of the African Union spoke, relocating the debate to the pan-African level and stressing the importance of forest management monitoring tools for the various ecosystems. He recalled the recent decisions in concerning countries’ commitment to combating and the unlawful exploitation of plant and animal wildlife. The African Union plans to develop a pan- African sustainable forest management strategy, complete with guidelines for use by member states. The union hopes to boost collaboration with all the organizations involved in SFM at both the international and subregional levels. François Hiol Hiol and Donald Djossi then presented a very specific case of a forest monitoring system for Central Africa – that of the Observatory for Central African Forests (OFAC), which has been in operation for more than ten years, producing updated information, maps and databases every two years. The compilations are published in hard format, but are first and foremost accessible on the OFAC website. Technically speaking, OFAC is a success story and is today providing access to reliable information that is regularly updated on the basis of PCIs. The main sources of data are the ministries in charge of forests in the member countries, but also private enterprises, conservation NGOs, universities etc.

6.3 WORKING GROUPS BY SUBREGION (1)

After a lunch break, the participants divided into three working groups representing the major subregions, each with an FAO consultant as facilitator: West Africa (bilingual English and French, with Yapi Atse), Central Africa (French-speaking, with François Hiol Hiol) and Eastern and Southern Africa (English-speaking, with Peter Gondo). Each facilitator gave a summary of the overall situation in the subregion, which was to serve as a basis for discussions. The results of the discussions were presented in a plenary session at the end of the day and are found in annex 9.5. Depending on the particular group, the proposals were then taken up in the third-day presentation or simply summarized. However, it is interesting to see this first analysis of the subregional groups in the annex, since it gives an idea of the main lessons to be learned, the opportunities and challenges for the future in each of the major zones, and the initial recommendations that can be made. Basically, it is seen that there is a major disparity among the main subregions, with marked cultural and juridical differences. This is certainly nothing new, but the fact that the state is or is not the owner of the land, and hence of the forests on this land, is a major element in understanding the differences. There is also a major difference in approach and level of progress with regard to PCIs depending on whether or not a given country is a member of ITTO and has received some specific support. The same observation can be made depending on the existence or absence of a national forest programme. The action of these tools has had an impact on the level of preparation of C&Is and the existence of a programme on the level of use at the national level. In practice, Central Africa is the most advanced subregion in this sphere, with in particular a convergence plan under execution for close on 15 years, while Eastern and Southern Africa is the least advanced, with the state often playing a minimal role.

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

West Africa is in an intermediate situation, with a convergence plan that has just been approved and wich implementation could benefit from the development and availability of C&I that are meaningful nationally, regionally and internationally accepted.

6.4 PANEL 6: STRENGTHENING THE USE OF C&IS AS A TOOL TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT ALL LEVELS

At the start of the third day of the workshop, the aim was to broaden the debate by seeing what forest and land managers do with regard to use of C&Is in the field, but also in different contexts. Four presentations were made in rapid succession to introduce the use of C&Is in forest plantations in Uganda by Bueno Dickens Sandé, in community forests in Namibia by Andreas Mench, in forest concessions in Cameroon by Raphaël Tsanga of CIFOR and in agroforestry plantations in Ghana by Baiden Wellington. Mr Sandé, using the example of his project to promote forest plantations in Uganda, stressed the need to adapt PCIs to the situation on the ground, since the point here is to get landowners to invest in plantations, even though the return on their investment will be much slower than for any traditional agricultural activity. The standards were thus revised, but the innovation here is that the C&Is provide the basis for the system for monitoring agreements between the project and planters. The project provides incentives, particularly subsidies, and monitoring of the PCIs checks that commitments are respected. Mr Mench provided a complete change of scene, presenting the case of open forest and tree savannah in Namibia, which suffer from the occurrence of fires each year – often several a year. The principle here, in a huge country that is very dry and very sparsely populated, is to transfer responsibility for the management of forest land to local communities. Studies are carried out with inventories, measurement and the preparation of a management plan. C&Is are used to standardize monitoring of community forests and focus work on the anticipated results. The main problem here is bush fires and the need to define appropriate indicators that accept that fires may occur but that still allow work on reducing their frequency and hence the damage caused. Similarly, although C&Is provide an orientation for policies, in the case of Namibia it is best if a distinction can be made between stands that should focus on timber production, in more favourable zones and with suitable rapid-growth species, and those that are more suited to fuelwood production, particularly in poorer zones and with easy-regrowth species. Mr Tsanga brought the participants back to the world of dense rain forest in Central Africa. Certified concessions in fact use PCIs, inasmuch as the basis of FSC (or OLB, TLTV etc.) certification is the ATO/ITTO PCIs as adapted to Cameroon. Large-scale enterprises have a management unit with not only forestry experts, but also socio-economic experts, who are responsible for managing and monitoring these issues on behalf of the enterprise. Cameroon has signed the FLEGT VPA, so that the legality grid has been adopted, and all the enterprises are familiar with it. The state recognizes the advantage of management as a basis for work in forests under concession and upholds the principle of certification to facilitate access to export markets. However, it must be admitted that management plans are not always drawn up as well as they should be. The survey carried out shows that the main difference between certified and non-certified enterprises is that the former are generally in compliance with requirements and above all regularly monitor implementation of the requirements of forest management plans and environmental and social management plans. The main differences in performance lie in the situation regarding implementation and monitoring. It can therefore be stated

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 that FSC certification does indeed contribute to sustainable management. However, there are still many challenges, inasmuch as FSC (or any other) certification is a very expensive voluntary process that is often beyond the reach of small-scale enterprises on the one hand, and neglected by Asian enterprises on the other. In the case of Asian enterprises, their lack of interest in these processes is a consequence of the absence of market pressure combined with the weakness of government pressure. Enterprises that simply do not feel the need for such action must therefore be persuaded of its advantages. Mr Wellington spoke about Ghana’s experience in agroforestry plantations, particularly in the context of soil and cover rehabilitation. The main aim here is to establish a position vis-à-vis the carbon market through storage. However, the issue of finance for the process is raised at all levels, especially for the monitoring of PCIs. The point is to develop public-private partnerships in a country where, it should be remembered, the state does not own the land. The basis for reflection concerns social, environmental and taxation issues, with constant input from research. The programme has sought to develop various integrated models, combining sustainable forest management, carbon storage and agricultural development, but also ecotourism. In the end, the main lesson is that income-generating trees must be planted. The second lesson is that it is an advantage to mix species in order to allow diversified effects and uses. The weak element is that subsidies still play a large part in the system, which makes the model fragile.

6.5 WORKING GROUPS BY SUBREGION (2)

The same groups as the previous day were formed and discussions continued, focusing more on current and future uses of C&Is by those involved in forest harvesting, handicrafts and plantations. Should C&Is be simplified? What can be done to make them easier for a wider range of stakeholders to use? Apart from the recommendations to be made for each subregion, which are presented in the following chapter, each group was called on to select priority recommendations to be presented in the name of Africa at the World Forestry Congress in South Africa.

6.6 SYNTHESIS

Reports back on group work were made to a plenary session, giving rise to fresh discussions. While the facilitator proceeded to draw up a final written synthesis of the work and recommendations, Ewald Rametsteiner made an oral summary of the work and a presentation of the next steps and dates after the workshop, particularly with regard to the XIV World Forestry Congress. The final written synthesis was then read out and approved by the plenary session. It is found in the following chapter in French and English, and is the main output of the workshop.

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

7. CLOSING SESSION

The closing session was chaired by Pierre Obam Obam, Inspector General of the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon, accompanied by Ewald Rametsteiner of FAO and Ahimin Olivier of ITTO. Mr Ahimin and Mr Rametsteiner thanked the participants for their contributions to the workshop and expressed their satisfaction with the results achieved. Mr Obam Obam thanked all the participants from the various African subregions in the name of Cameroon and its Ministry of Forests and Wildlife, stressing his pride in seeing that the workshop organized in Douala had been a real success. He wished everybody a safe journey home to their countries and families.

Figure 2: One side of the main meeting room

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

8. RESULTS OF THE ITTO/FAO–COMIFAC WORKSHOP

8.1 SYNTHÈSE FINALE (VERSION FRANÇAISE)

Du 27 au 29 mai 2015 s’est tenu à l’hôtel Sawa de Douala l’atelier Afrique de concertation sur le renforcement des Critères et Indicateurs (C&I) pour la gestion durable des forêts et leur utilisation au niveau stratégique et opérationnel dans l’ensemble des pays africains. Cet atelier s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un processus global de concertation au niveau des différents bassins forestiers mondiaux à propos des critères et indicateurs de gestion durable des forêts. 23 ans après le Sommet de la Terre de Rio 92 où les pays s’étaient engagés à améliorer la gestion de leurs forêts et à développer pour cela des critères et indicateurs de gestion durable qui puissent être facilement utilisables pour vérifier la qualité de cette gestion à tous les niveaux, il semblait important de faire le point sur ce qui a été fait de par le monde et de discuter sur ce qu’il convient de faire désormais en ce domaine pour les prochaines années. Un premier atelier a été mené au niveau global à Rome en janvier 2015, un atelier régional a été conduit récemment en Asie, celui-ci concerne l’Afrique sub-saharienne, un troisième se tiendra prochainement en Egypte pour le proche Orient, un quatrième enfin se tiendra également en juin pour l’Amérique latine. L’objectif est notamment de pouvoir faire des propositions appropriées pour chaque groupe de régions et de pays, mais aussi de pouvoir faire des recommandations qui seront portées au prochain congrès forestier mondial en Afrique du Sud en septembre 2015. Depuis 1992, des PCI ont été développés en Afrique pour la gestion des forêts naturelles de production de bois d’œuvre avec l’appui de l’OIBT notamment, et ceux ci ont été adoptés dans la quasi totalité des pays membres de l’OIBT par les Etats, lesquels sont généralement propriétaires des forêts. Mais il est notable de constater que les PCI OIBT ont le plus souvent servis de base pour l’élaboration de PCI plus opérationnels, plus précis ou plus ciblés dans le cadre des processus de certification volontaire (FSC, PAFC, OLB, TLTV, etc.) et plus récemment pour l’élaboration des grilles de légalité FLEGT, ou encore pour le développement des systèmes de vérification REDD+. L’Afrique centrale dispose d’un observatoire des forêts, l’OFAC, avec un ensemble d’indicateurs régulièrement renseignés à l’échelle du bassin du Congo. Dans les pays non membres de l’OIBT, et notamment dans les pays de savanes arborées et de forêts claires, il n’y a généralement pas de systèmes de C&I officiellement en vigueur au niveau national, on y trouve des systèmes plus ou moins directement inspirés des systèmes de certification de type FSC pour le suivi des forêts naturelles et sans doute encore plus spécifiquement des forêts de plantations, ou encore des forêts dont la gestion est transférée aux communautés. Les PCI tels que conçus avec l’appui de l’OIBT cherchaient l’amélioration de la gestion durable en commençant par clarifier au niveau de l’Etat propriétaire et gestionnaire de forêts ce qu’il devait instaurer puis mettre en œuvre, c’est le principe 1. De même des PCI ont été développés avec les principes 2, 3 et 4 pour couvrir les différents aspects de la gestion forestière sur le terrain. L’atelier Afrique a été l’occasion de partager l’expérience acquise dans les différentes sous-régions africaines (Afrique de l’Ouest, Afrique Centrale, Afrique Australe et de l’Est) tant au niveau national qu’au niveau local par les différents utilisateurs publics et privés, mais aussi par rapport aux divers

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 types de forêts, qu’elles soient naturelles humides ou sèches, de plantation en savane ou en montagne. A-t-on décliné les PCI en fonction des différents types d’usage dans chaque pays ou groupe de pays ? Quels sont les outils qui sont utilisés en matière de planification ou de préparation et de suivi des plans d’aménagement ? Après des années de pratiques diverses, peut on dire que l’on soit passé effectivement de l’élaboration des PCI à une appropriation systématique de ceux ci dans les textes, dans les normes, dans les guides ? Servent ils à faire l’évaluation et le suivi de la gestion forestière au niveau national et peut on dire qu’ils sont utilisés pour rendre compte de cette gestion forestière au niveau mondial dans le cadre du suivi des engagements internationaux ? Doit-on encore préparer des PCI pour des usages spécifiques ? ou n’est il pas temps au contraire de voir comment simplifier ces PCI pour les rendre plus pratiques, plus adaptés au terrain et surtout moins coûteux à mettre en œuvre pour les entreprises de tailles moyennes à petite et pour les artisans et les communautés ? Au niveau panafricain, il est question de développer une approche commune de gestion forestière durable intégrant des PCI adaptés à la variabilité des situations, d’intégrer également les grandes thématiques mondiales liées au changement climatique et aux autres conventions internationales, d’harmoniser pour cela des critères et indicateurs facilement utilisables et compréhensibles à tous les niveaux et de promouvoir leur utilisation dans la définition des politiques publiques, comme sur le terrain. L’atelier Afrique a réfléchi sur toutes ces questions en s’inspirant de l’expérience partagée par les représentants des différents pays originaires des sous régions Afrique de l’Ouest, Afrique Centrale, Afrique Australe et de l’Est. On constate généralement une amélioration de la compréhension même du concept de PCI, sous une forme ou sous une autre, aux niveaux régional, national et local. Tout le monde reconnaît l’intérêt de disposer d’outils adaptés d’évaluation et de suivi de la gestion forestière, même si dans la pratique on met en exergue de nombreuses insuffisances, en particulier en matière d’appropriation réelle par les Etats. La question centrale est désormais de pouvoir proposer les meilleures stratégies pour renforcer l’usage effectif des PCI dans la gestion des forêts africaines, quelles qu’elles soient. Le constat est que techniquement beaucoup de PCI ont déjà été développés, et beaucoup ont d’ores et déjà été déclinés dans les différents outils opérationnels d’évaluation et de suivi des forêts naturelles de production de bois d’œuvre, des forêts de plantation et dans certaines forêts sèches. Toutes les catégories d’acteurs forestiers utilisent plus ou moins directement ou indirectement les PCI. Des synergies existent déjà entre les différentes initiatives qui ont développé des référentiels voisins d’évaluation et de suivi telles FLEGT, REDD+, etc. mais le constat est que cette diversité d’initiatives engendre aussi de la confusion autour d’un même sujet qu’est la forêt, alors même que l’Etat, généralement propriétaire et toujours en charge de la régulation, est plus ou moins impliqué dans chacun d’eux, mais pas toujours le plus efficace. Il est utile de tenir compte des coûts et des bénéfices attendus, notamment au niveau commercial, pour s’engager avec des PCI pour d’autres types de couverts forestiers naturels en concessions ou non, plantations, forêts sèches, savanes arborées, etc. La valeur ajoutée des C&I sur le long terme dépend en fait de leur utilisation, et donc de la façon dont ils ont été élaborés, et si le processus a été suffisamment participatif. Pour le futur, il s’agit de promouvoir leur utilisation à tous les niveaux en les adaptant aux différents contextes.

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

Les C&I sont notamment utiles pour la planification et l’élaboration de directives (cadre juridique, réglementaire, normes, etc.), ils aident à construire un climat de confiance entre les Etats et les différents groupes d’utilisateurs des forêts (secteur privé et communautés), et servir de base pour les accords, l’évaluation des résultats, la transparence et la reddition des comptes. Il faut généralement chercher à mettre en place des mécanismes incitatifs appropriés pour promouvoir l’utilisation des C&I pour en attendre un retour sur investissement dans les filières forestières (approche gagnant gagnant). Cela suppose un renforcement du suivi, de l’évaluation et du reportage mais aussi des arrangements institutionnels inclusifs et mieux coordonnés basés sur des données de bonne qualité (suivi satellitaire, gouvernance socioéconomique, gestion et utilisation efficace des ressources), le tout pour un coût acceptable. Les structures travaillant sur l’utilisation des C&I peuvent évoluer vers des commissions forestières travaillant auprès des Etats à promouvoir l’utilisation et le suivi des PCI à tous les niveaux. Pour résumer les recommandations prioritaires de l’atelier Afrique, on retiendra à la suite des débats dans les groupes de travail et en plénière, les idées suivantes:

 Mettre en place un cadre consultatif multi secteurs permanent national sur la GDF et sur l’aménagement du territoire, intégrant les différents processus en cours (REDD+, FLEGT, etc.) afin d’harmoniser les C&I et simplifier leur suivi et le reportage ;  Réviser et renforcer pour les pays adhérents les PCI OAB/OIBT sur la base des leçons apprises en intégrant les questions émergentes ;  Elaborer dans les régions et les pays qui n’en disposent pas encore des PCI génériques permettant de faire des adaptations spécifiques pour les différents modes d’utilisation des espaces et ressources forestières ;  Renforcer le suivi des C&I en suivant les canevas appropriés pour les différents types de forêts;  Renforcer les capacités des parties prenantes à l’utilisation des PCI;  Mettre en place un cadre d’audit pour le suivi évaluation de l’application des C&I ;  Communiquer et vulgariser l’ensemble des critères et indicateurs existants (forêts naturelles dense, zones sèches, plantations, aires protégées, etc.),  Mobiliser des financements en faveur de la mise en œuvre et le suivi de la GDF en mettant à contribution les initiatives émergentes (FLEGT, REDD+ etc.) ;  Encourager les Etats qui n’en sont pas encore dotés à adopter et mettre en œuvre eux mêmes des PCI pour les différents types de forêts et à promouvoir leur application par les petites et moyennes entreprises par des mesures incitatives et des facilités d’accès aux financements ;  Envisager la création d’un prix récompensant les Etats ayant le mieux mis en œuvre leurs PCI au niveau national ;  Disposer au niveau de chaque sous-région africaine d’un référentiel générique d’indicateurs et d’un observatoire des forêts en charge de collecter, compiler et diffuser les informations ;  Disposer au niveau de chaque sous-région d’une plate forme d’échange et de partage d’expérience ;  Renforcer les capacités nationales et locales en matière de collecte, traitement et communication des informations sur le suivi de la gestion forestière ;  Développer des normes et guides pour la mise en œuvre des plans d’aménagement et autres plans de gestion forestière au niveau des concessionnaires et des communautés ;  Améliorer la sécurisation foncière des zones forestières favorisant ainsi leur gestion sur le long terme ; Fait à Douala, le 29 mai 2015 Les participants

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

8.2 FINAL SYNTHESIS (ENGLISH VERSION)

The Africa regional consultation workshop on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice in African countries was held from 27 to 29 May 2015, in Douala, Cameroon. The workshop is part of a global consultation process in the various forest basins of the world concerning sustainable forest management criteria and indicators (C&Is). Twenty-three years after the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, at which countries committed themselves to improving management of their forests and hence to developing easy-to-use criteria and indicators to verify the quality of this management at all levels, it seemed important to take stock of what has been done so far around the world and discuss what needs to be done in the years ahead. A global workshop was thus organized in Rome in January 2015. A first regional workshop was recently organized for Asia; the present workshop concerns sub-Saharan Africa; a third regional workshop will shortly take place in Egypt for the Middle East; and a fourth will take place in June for Latin America. The aim is especially to formulate appropriate proposals for each group of regions and countries, but also to make recommendations that will be submitted during the upcoming World Forestry Congress to be held in South Africa in September 2015. Since 1992, PCIs have been developed in Africa for the management of natural timber production forests, notably with the assistance of ITTO. These PCIs have been adopted in almost all ITTO member states, where the state is generally owner of the forests. It should, however, be noted that ITTO PCIs have most often been used as the basis for developing more operational, targeted PCIs as part of voluntary certification processes (FSC, PAFC, OLB, TLTV etc.) and more recently for developing FLEGT legality grids or REDD+ verification systems. Central Africa has a forest observatory, OFAC, with a set of indicators on which information is regularly provided throughout the Congo Basin. In non-ITTO member countries, especially those with tree savannah and open forests, there is generally no C&I system officially in force at national level. These countries have systems that are based to varying degrees on FSC-type certification systems for the monitoring of natural forests and, more specifically, forest plantations or community managed forests. The PCIs developed with ITTO assistance sought to improve sustainable management, starting with clarification of what the state, as forest owner and manager, should institute and then implement: Principle 1. Similarly, PCIs were developed with Principles 2, 3 and 4 to cover the various aspects of forest management in the field. The Africa regional workshop afforded the opportunity to share experience acquired by the various public and private users in the African subregions (West Africa, Central Africa, and Eastern and Southern Africa) at both national and local levels. It also allowed experience to be shared regarding various types of forest – moist natural forests, dry forests, savannah plantations or montane forests. Have PCIs been adapted to the various types of use in each country or group of countries? What are the tools used for planning or preparing and monitoring management plans? After years of a whole range of practices, can we say that we have effectively moved from development of PCIs to their systematic ownership in instruments, standards and guidelines? Are they used to monitor and evaluate forest management at the national level and can we say that they are used for reporting on

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 such forest management at the global level in the context of the monitoring of international commitments? Should other PCIs be developed for specific uses? Or, conversely, is it not time these PCIs were simplified to make them more practical, more appropriate for use on the ground and, first and foremost, less costly for small and medium-sized enterprises, artisans and communities to implement? At the pan-African level, a common sustainable forest management approach needs to be developed, mainstreaming PCIs adapted to the variability of situations, taking on board the major global themes linked to climate change and other international conventions, harmonizing user-friendly criteria and indicators that are comprehensible at all levels, and promoting use of these in the development of government policy and in the field. The Africa regional workshop brainstormed on all these issues, drawing inspiration from the experience described by the representatives of the various countries from the West, Central, and Eastern and Southern Africa subregions. In general, an improved understanding of the concept of PCIs in one form or another can be seen at regional, national and local levels. There is general recognition of the advantage of having appropriate tools to monitor and evaluate forest management, even if a number of weaknesses can be observed in practice, particularly as concerns the real assumption of ownership of PCIs by states. The main question now is how to craft better strategies to boost effective use of PCIs in managing African forests, whatever the type. The truth is that, technically speaking, many PCIs have already been developed and many of them have already been used to develop various operational tools to monitor and evaluate natural timber production forests, forest plantations and certain dry forests. All categories of forest stakeholder use PCIs either directly or indirectly. There are already synergies among the various initiatives that have developed similar monitoring and evaluation benchmarks, such as FLEGT and REDD+. However, it is observed that this diversity of initiatives also generates confusion around the central subject, namely forests, whereas the state, which is generally the owner and is always responsible for regulation, is involved in each of them to varying degrees, but not always as efficiently as it might be. In using PCIs for other types of natural forest cover, whether or not under concession, plantations, dry forests, tree savannah etc., it is useful to be mindful of costs and anticipated benefits, especially at the commercial level. The added value of C&Is in the long term depends on their use and hence on the way they were developed and on whether the process was sufficiently participatory. In future, their use should be promoted at all levels by adapting them to the different contexts. C&Is are notably useful for planning and developing guidelines (legal and regulatory frameworks, standards etc.). They help to build up an atmosphere of trust between states and the various groups of forest users (private sector and communities). And they serve as a basis for agreements, the evaluation of results, transparency and accountability. In general, an effort is needed to establish appropriate incentives to promote the use of C&Is in order to obtain a return on investments in forest value chains (a win-win approach). This will require enhanced monitoring, evaluation and reporting, together with inclusive and better coordinated institutional arrangements based on reliable data (satellite monitoring, socio-economic governance and efficient management and use of resources), all of which must be at an affordable cost.

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Organizations working on the use of C&Is may evolve into forest commissions working within states to promote the use and monitoring of PCIs at all levels. By way of a summary of the priority recommendations of the Africa regional workshop, the working group and plenary discussions produced the following suggestions as to lines of action:

 establish a permanent national multisector consultative framework on SFM and on land-use planning, incorporating the various ongoing processes (REDD+, FLEGT etc.), in order to harmonize C&Is and simplify their monitoring and reporting;  revise and strengthen ATO/ITTO PCIs for member countries on the basis of the lessons learned, while mainstreaming emerging issues;  develop generic PCIs for regions and countries that do not yet have them, so that they can carry out specific adaptations for the various modes of use of forests and forest resources;  boost the monitoring of C&Is by using appropriate protocols for the various types of forest;  build up stakeholders’ capacities for PCI use;  establish an auditing framework for the monitoring and evaluation of C&I application;  communicate and disseminate all existing criteria and indicators (dense natural forests, drylands, plantations, protected areas etc.);  mobilize funding for the implementation and monitoring of SFM by bringing emerging initiatives (FLEGT, REDD+ etc.) into play;  encourage countries not yet equipped with PCIs to adopt and implement them for the various types of forest and to promote their application by small and medium-sized enterprises through incentives and facilities for accessing finance;  envisage the institution of an award to encourage states that achieve the best implementation of PCIs at the national level;  have in each African subregion a generic benchmark of indicators and a forest observatory responsible for collecting, compiling and disseminating information;  have in each subregion a platform for the sharing of information and experience;  build up national and local capacities for collecting, processing and disseminating information on the monitoring of forest management;  develop standards and guidelines for the implementation of management plans and other forest management instruments by concession-holders and communities;  improve land tenure security in forest zones, thus fostering long-term management.

Douala, 29 May 2015 The participants

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

Figure 3: General view of the main meeting room

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

8.3 RESULTS OF WORKING GROUPS BY SUBREGION (2) – DAY 3

The main results of the working groups on the third day of the workshop are presented here, while the results of the second day are presented in annex 9.5.

8.3.1 WEST AFRICA GROUP

Main area Recommendations 1. Management of 1. Need to recognize both space and species species and space 2. Managing space alone will lead to loss of key species, NWFPs etc 2. Wildfire A combination of approaches to be used: prevention in dry  education of stakeholders and savannah  preventive measures – fire belts and rides areas  incentives and sanctions  fire suppression control, e.g. ICS in Ghana 3. Management of Mechanisms for managing wildfire, pastureland, trans-boundary pasturing, drylands water resources 4. Community forest Empowerment through capacity-building management Legal recognition through provision of rules and regulations, legal framework Reinforcement of sanctions and provision of incentives Benefit-sharing Community forest committees and forestry forum trained and given ID cards Sacred grove management 5. Incentives for Possible sources of incentives include : implementation  Designation of specific funds from local government  Clear mechanism for benefit-sharing  Incentives should go with roles and responsibilities Priorities 1. Governments to be encouraged to implement Principle 1 to create an enabling environment and an appropriate mechanism for small and medium- sized forest-based enterprises to have access to guaranteed funds/resources 2. Empowerment through capacity-building of stakeholders at all levels for development and implementation of PCIs 3. ECOWAS-level recognition and awards to countries that implement PCIs for SFM 4. Develop a framework that ensures the coordination of all SFM initiatives (REDD+, FLEGT-VPA and all relevant international conventions) 5. Establish a regional observatory for an SFM database for monitoring, reporting and verification

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

8.3.2 CENTRAL AFRICA GROUP

Level/Use Regional National Local 1. Opportunities and challenges for the future Policy dialogue - Challenges: failure to assume ownership of management C&Is for state-protected areas Monitoring, evaluation and reporting Sustainable forest - Availability of legality - Availability of legality management practices grids adapted for grids adapted for community and community and communal forests communal forests - Problem of the poor - Problem of the poor quality of management quality of management plans plans Challenges: C&Is on Challenges: C&Is on NWFPs are hard to apply NWFPs are hard to apply in practice; need for in practice; need for capacity-building capacity-building 2. Recommendations to boost use of C&Is in strategic planning, monitoring and reporting Policy dialogue - Harmonize reporting systems but without standardizing them, according to the pre- established reporting framework (COMIFAC/OFAC) - Create multisectoral frameworks to address land allocation issues Monitoring, evaluation and reporting Sustainable forest - Adapt C&Is to take into - Adapt PCIs to take - Need to provide forest management practices account the community and societies with development process, communal forests and management units validation and other types of forest into within forest implementation of account concessions and/or management plans boost the capacities of - Dissemination of - Increase the use of management units management C&Is for wildlife and NWFP concerning the the Central African management C&Is in development and Network of Protected forest concessions implementation of Areas (RAPAC)/IUCN management plans

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Priority recommendations 1. Establish a permanent national-level multistakeholder consultation framework concerning SFM (transformation of national working groups) and land-use planning 2. Revise/Boost ATO/ITTO PCIs on the basis of the lessons learned, by mainstreaming emerging issues 3. Develop generic PCIs that allow specific adaptations to be made for the various different ways of using forest areas and resources 4. Capacity-building of stakeholders:

 establishment of an auditing framework for monitoring and evaluating C&I application  training in the use of C&Is

 dissemination of all existing C&Is (for natural dense forest, dry zones, plantations, protected areas etc.)  communication

 reporting (reporting framework according to the C&Is) 5. Mobilize finance in support of the implementation and monitoring of SFM, bringing emerging initiatives (FLEGT, REDD+ etc.) into play.

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8.3.3 EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA GROUP

Recommendations • Regional – Organize a regional workshop to reactivate the process and raise stakeholders’ awareness concerning PCIs: • dry zone and SADC PCIs • C&Is developed by various initiatives (ATO, ITTO, FSC etc.) • sharing of experience on the status of development and use of PCIs • agreement on a generic set of regional indicators (harmonization of C&Is developed by different initiatives) • harmonization of indicators and targets to enable monitoring and reporting to different initiatives (Aichi Targets – Biodiversity, REDD+ and FLEGT) – Establish regional and national expert working groups

• National – Establish national PCIs and standards drawing on regional PCIs: • establish a multistakeholder expert group • national forest administration to develop and use PCI-based forest monitoring systems • conduct national forest baseline surveys/inventories – Mobilize adequate resources from government and ongoing processes, e.g. REDD+, private sector: • governments with the help of development partners to boost capacities of forest authorities to take leadership in the development and use of PCIs • Local (practice) – Develop capacity to implement PCIs: • simple guidelines on how to apply PCIs by extension support services (government, public, private and NGO) • technical skills, institutional, organizational, resource by extension service providers • government to put in place legislative measures to guarantee the tenure rights of private sector and communities and raise awareness • forest users and managers to incorporate PCIs in forest management plan

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9. ANNEXES

9.1 WORKSHOP PROGRAMME

Part 1: Review of NWGs and process of development and implementation of PCIs for sustainable forest management in African ITTO member countries

Day 1 – 27 May 2015 Speakers 08.30-09.00 Opening ceremony:  FAO welcoming remarks Representatives of FAO, ITTO, COMIFAC and  ITTO welcoming remarks MINFOF  COMIFAC address  MINFOF opening address 09.00-09.30 Presentation of participants Workshop facilitator Presentation of workshop agenda, objectives and anticipated outcomes FAO C&I Project coordinator Family photo 09.30 – 10.00 Coffee break Panel 1: Experience and results of the establishment of NWGs in Africa 10.00-11.30 Sharing the experience of NWGs in Joseph William Osei (Ghana NWG) Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Gabon Bouattenin Kouadio (Côte d’Ivoire NWG) Rose Ondo (Gabon NWG) Discussion: Lessons learned and Workshop facilitator recommendations of NWGs in Africa Panel 2: Experience and results of the development of PCIs for SFM in Africa 11.30-13.00 PCI development process in Togo, PCI Kouami Kokou (Coordinator, Togo NWG) tests on the ground, implementation of Alphonse Ayemou Amon (SODEFOR PCIs in Gabon consultant, Côte d’Ivoire) Rose Ondo (Gabon NWG) Discussion: Lessons learned and Workshop facilitator recommendations concerning PCIs 13.00-14.30 Lunch break Panel 3: Experience and results of the use of PCIs for SFM in Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana and Gabon 14.30-16.00 National assessment on the basis of Augustin Mpoyi (Chair, Democratic Republic Principle 1 in Democratic Republic of of Congo NWG) Congo; SFM audit experience in Ghana Valérie Nassa (Forestry Commission, Ghana) and Gabon Jean Bruno Mikissa (Consultant, Gabon) Discussion: Place of PCIs in the Workshop facilitator management monitoring and control process and in audits 16.00-16.15 Coffee break 16.15-17.00 Summary of recommendations on PCIs Workshop facilitator and their impact on the forest sector in Africa 17.00 End of day 1

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Part 2: Development and use of criteria and indicators (C&Is) for sustainable forest management and their use in forest policy and practice (FAO)

Day 2 – 28 May 2015 Speakers Panel 4: Current uses of C&Is at the strategic level 09.00-09.30 Strengthening C&Is for SFM and their use in forest policy Ewald Rametsteiner and practice: main uses and key issues on the way FAO forward at multiple levels

Discussion Workshop facilitator 09.30-10.00 Use of C&Is in the global context: monitoring and Peter Gondo reporting of Sustainable Development Goals, Global UNFF Objectives on Forests, UNFF11 and other forest-related targets (including FRA)

Discussion Workshop facilitator 10.00-10.30 Coffee break 10.30-11.30 Overview of possible synergies between C&Is used by different initiatives  SDG, Global Objectives on Forests Peter Gondo  CDB report on the Aichi Targets John Esitadimma Onyekuru  REDD+ Safeguard Information System (SIS) Rubin Rashidi

Discussion Workshop facilitator Panel 5: Strengthening the use of C&Is in Africa as a tool for (1) policy dialogue and communication and (2) monitoring, evaluation and reporting 11.30-12.00 Overview presentation on the use of C&Is at the strategic François Hiol Hiol level and practical examples and lessons learned from FAO Africa 12.00-12.15 Overview presentation on the use of C&Is in Africa for Almami Dampha (AUC) strategic planning: importance and future outlook 12.15-12.30 Sharing experience on the use of C&Is in Central Africa for Donald Djossi & reporting François Hiol Hiol (OFAC) 12.30-13.30 Lunch break 13.30-13.45 Introduction to working groups Workshop facilitator 13.45-15.45 Organization of 3 working groups by subregion - G1: COMIFAC/ECCAS Central Africa subregion - G2: ECOWAS / West Africa subregion - G3: EAC-SADC / Eastern and Southern Africa subregion One facilitator per group (J.-M. Noiraud, A.Yapi, E. Kilawe)

One/two introductory presentations of 10 minutes per subregion: - Central Africa: F. Hiol Hiol (overview) + D. Mahonghol (TRAFFIC) - West Africa: A. Yapi (overview) - Eastern and Southern Africa: P. Gondo (overview)

Axes of discussion in working groups around the central theme: - Key lessons to remember for the subregion - Opportunities and challenges for the future

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- Recommendations to strengthen the use of C&Is in strategic planning, monitoring and reporting 15.45-16.15 Coffee break 16.15-17.00 Brief reports back from the 3 working groups (15 minutes Workshop facilitator each) 17.00-17.30 Summary of the day FAO Day 3 – 29 May 2015 Speakers 08.30-08.45 Summary of the previous day and introduction of the Workshop facilitator third day Panel 6: Strengthening the use of C&Is as a tool to promote sustainable forest management practices at all levels 08.45-10.00 Sharing experience on the use of C&Is in the field (10 minutes per presentation): • Use of C&Is in forest plantations in Uganda B. Dickens Sandé (SPGS) • Use of C&Is in community forests in Namibia Andreas Mench • Use of C&Is in logging concessions in Cameroon Raphaël Tsanga (CIFOR) • Use of C&Is in agroforestry plantations in Ghana Baiden Wellington

Discussion Workshop facilitator 10.00-10.30 Coffee break 10.30-12.30 Organization of 3 working groups by subregion: - G1: Central Africa - G2: West Africa - G3: Eastern and Southern Africa

Discussion on the use of C&Is by professionals of industrial and artisanal logging and plantations Reflection on the simplification and harmonization of C&Is and the added value of C&Is for users in the field Specifically for Central Africa, reflections on the future of C&Is and their use beyond forest concessions 1. Opportunities and challenges 2. Recommendations for the future at the subregional and national levels 12.30-13.30 Lunch break 13.30-15.00 Brief reports back from the 3 working groups (15 min.) Workshop facilitator Discussion 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 15.30-16.15 Summary of recommendations emerging from the FAO, ITTO, all workshop 16.15-16.30 The way forward – UNFF11 and the XIV World Forestry FAO Congress 16.30-17.00 Closing ceremony:  ITTO  ITTO  FAO  FAO  COMIFAC  COMIFAC  MINFOF closing address  MINFOF

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9.2 OPENING ADDRESSES

9.2.1 FAO OPENING ADDRESS

Address of the FAO Representative in Cameroon at the opening ceremony

- Inspector General, representing His Excellency the Minister of Forests and Wildlife, - Deputy Executive Secretary of COMIFAC, - Representative of ITTO, - Ladies and gentlemen, participants in the workshop, - Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, It is an honour for me to speak in the name of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) at this opening ceremony of the Regional Workshop for Africa on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice. There is no doubt about the importance of the subject for which we have all gathered in Douala today, and this is why you have all accepted our invitation to come and share your experience and help to strengthen criteria and indicators with a view to more sustainable forest management. I should like first of all to thank you for coming to take part in this workshop. I should also like to thank the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon, especially His Excellency the Minister, for agreeing to host this regional workshop in the city of Douala. The workshop has been organized jointly by FAO, the International Tropical Timber Organization and the Central African Forests Commission under the auspices of the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon. Here I should like to salute this partnership, which bears witness once more to the shared interest of all parties in improving and strengthening the monitoring of progress toward sustainable forest management through criteria and indicators. After 15 years’ use of criteria and indicators, the time has come to re-examine them with a view to adapting them to changes in the context and incorporating emerging issues regarding forests. In recent years, FAO’s assistance in this sphere has focused mainly on socio-economic and governance indicators in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations Forum on Forests, the Global Forest Resources Assessment carried out by FAO, and other elements in the forest policy process and associated issues at the global, regional, national and local levels. This is the background against which the Project on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice was designed. This project, which has been implemented in 2014 and 2015, is being carried out through national, regional (in Africa, Asia and Latin America) and global consultations involving governments, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders. In 2014 this project carried out a series of studies, which allowed regional stock to be taken and an evaluation to be made of needs in the four African subregions. These studies also allowed exploration of the possibilities of boosting the use of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management at

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 the regional, national and local levels. During the present regional workshop, you will have an opportunity to exchange views on the main conclusions of these studies and use them to explore priority actions to continue the development of C&Is and increase their use. I should like to end this address by expressing our gratitude to the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, which is financing the Project on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Strategy and Practice. I should also like to take the opportunity to reaffirm FAO’s wish to continue assisting African countries in sustainable forest management. I wish the work here full success. Thank you.

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9.2.2 ITTO OPENING ADDRESS

Address of the ITTO representative at the opening ceremony

- Director General of Forests, - Ladies and gentlemen, central general directors, service heads and valued guests, It is a real pleasure and an honour for me to speak to you this morning in my role as Regional Coordinator of the Joint ATO/ITTO Project on the Sustainable Management of African Forests, representing ITTO at this workshop. • ITTO was the first international organization to start the process on C&Is for sustainable forest management in 1991. • The ITTO C&Is were revised and published in 1998, and supported by all the 31 ITTO member countries. • Collaboration between ATO and ITTO with regard to sustainable forest management started in 2000. • The sets of ATO PCIs for sustainable management of African tropical forests to be used at national and FMU level were published in 2001. • The 12 ATO member countries are now engaged in implementing the PCIs. • ITTO, like ATO, provides support for the national-level development of C&Is. • C&Is are designed to improve the management of natural tropical forests and forest plantations in ATO and/or ITTO member countries. • They are developed in a pan-African process that takes account of the participation of a number of interest groups. • The ATO PCIs were harmonized with the ITTO C&Is in 2003 in a context of international collaboration. • Assistance to countries in the process of implementing sustainable forest management. • Clearly indicate to timber purchasers that ATO and ITTO producer countries are making real progress with regard to sustainable forest management. • A tool to monitor, evaluate and report on the level of sustainable forest management and the progress being made on it in a given country at both the national and FMU levels. • Obtain a framework to monitor the progress and development of locally applicable standards. • This will thus be applicable for monitoring and reporting at the national level. • In practical forest management (at the MFU level), performance requirements should be drawn up on the basis of the ATO/ITTO PCIs. • All the indicators of Principle 1 are applied at the national and not the MFU level.

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• National-level data are gathered especially on the basis of the report made at the MFU level. • Forest audits to evaluate the level of implementation of management plans are made with the assistance of Principles 2, 3 and 4. • The two levels are essential in order to ensure sustainable forest management. With a view to ensuring that each African member country has tools to evaluate SFM, ATO and ITTO decided to implement a multiphase regional project with the aim of promoting sustainable management of African forests through the application and implementation of harmonized ATO/ITTO PCIs, with the support and participation of all those involved. The project, which was launched in 2003 and is ongoing, has promoted dialogue among the various players in SFM within member countries through the establishment of national working groups (NWGs), which are a visible expression of the concept of participation, as recommended at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. Twelve NWGs have been set up in member countries and have succeeded in building up a consensus about the national PCIs, which are key SFM elements. These national PCIs have been developed in the framework of an inclusive, consensual and transparent multistakeholder process. Today, ITTO member countries have four national sets of PCIs for the sustainable management of forest plantations and ten sets for that of natural stands. After the PCI development process has been carried out, NWGs tend to decline in all the countries. Moreover, for lack of dissemination and assumed ownership, national stakeholders in general and the forest-sector economic operators intended as the primary users of the PCIs often still know little about these tools. Since 2012, PCIs have received a fresh fillip in African countries through audits involving a variety of institutions and stakeholders. There have been clear signs of a rekindling of stakeholders’ interest in PCIs in recent years: - national certification initiatives (Gabon and Cameroon) have taken PCIs as a basis in developing their standards; - forest audits in Gabon, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana have allowed stakeholders to take fresh ownership of these tools; - countries such as Benin, Togo, the Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic have applied for support from the project to audit forest concessions. However, the question remains of whether PCIs of SFM are alone sufficient to achieve the objectives of sustainable management. The answer is certainly “No” when we see the whole host of new processes under way in the forest sector. I have mentioned forest certification, FLEGT, REDD+, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) etc. This is why the conference known as Rio+20 had the aim of providing a more environmentally friendly face for our planet, which is suffering some of the heaviest pressure on forest resources. As a result of poor management of our forests, our planet is in a bad state and is suffering climate changes with disastrous consequences for life. The holding of a large number of meetings on the subject of climate in recent years is a perfect illustration here. Our planet is in a bad way. Our climate has become unpredictable. The level of the oceans is rising and square kilometres of land are being swallowed up by the sea each year. In our

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 tropical zones, our farming families, whose calendar is basically dependent on rainfall, no longer know where to turn. Rain falls when nobody expects it and does not fall when it is expected for sowing. Disrupted agricultural calendars give rise to fears of famine, even in zones of our continent that were previously exempt. The major discussions that took place in had a single basis: forests. Yes, forests: this renewable resource that is subject to so many pressures and is so sought after, must be managed intelligently if it is not to be brought to an irreversible state, as is sadly the case in some parts of our continent. We must take to heart the saying, “We haven’t inherited the forests from our forebears; rather, we’ve borrowed them from our children.” So let us do what we can to leave them in the same condition as we received them – or, better still, improve their condition before handing them on to the next generation. I dare hope that the work of this workshop and the reflection that will follow will allow concrete elements to be defined for a sustainable management of the forests of the planet and particularly those of our continent. This is why I am so keen to express ITTO’s deep gratitude to FAO as joint and chief organizer of this workshop, and also to COMIFAC, the subregional and continental organizations, the countries represented, the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon for its invaluable support, and the other partners for their support. Long live international cooperation for a sustainable management of forest resources! Thank you.

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9.2.3 COMIFAC OPENING ADDRESS

• Inspector General, representing His Excellency the Minister of Forests and Wildlife of the Republic of Cameroon, • Assistant Representative of FAO in Cameroon, • Representative of ITTO, • Distinguished participants, • Ladies and gentlemen, It is a real pleasure to meet together in this congenial atmosphere of the Sawa Hotel in Douala on the occasion of the regional workshop on the Project on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice. I am honoured to speak on the occasion of the opening of the workshop in the name of Mr Raymond Mbitikon, Executive Secretary of the Central African Forests Commission (COMIFAC). Allow me to greet all the participants present here today: delegates of African countries and representatives of international, subregional and civil society organizations. Your presence is evidence of the importance of the subject that has gathered us together here. I should also like to express COMIFAC’s gratitude to the Government of Cameroon for being so kind as to host this workshop and for all the facilities they have provided for its organization. Lastly, I should like to thank FAO and the other partners for the support provided for the organization of this important regional meeting. Distinguished participants, ladies and gentlemen, As you know, for several decades now, sustainable forest management has been a major concern of Central African countries, inasmuch as the subregion contains the Congo Basin, which holds our planet’s second largest tropical forest stand. Out of their concern to ensure sustainable management of these forests, the Central African countries have joined a number of international cooperation processes on forests, such as the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and FAO. At the subregional level, they have also made a political commitment to work together for the conservation and sustainable management of their forests. The March 1999 Yaoundé Declaration on Forests and the February 2005 treaty establishing COMIFAC reflect this commitment. COMIFAC is thus the reference political subregional institution with regard to the orientation, harmonization and coordination of forest and environmental policies in Central Africa. With a view to achieving its objectives, in 2005 it equipped itself with a Convergence Plan, which constitutes its strategic action plan and provides the orientation for all interventions to be carried out at the subregional and national levels particularly to ensure sustainable forest management. This Convergence Plan has recently been revised for a new ten-year period from 2015 to 2025. With a view to implementing the Convergence Plan, COMIFAC set up a forest observatory known as OFAC with the support of its partners. This observatory has developed indicators that have been adopted consensually by the subregion to assure monitoring of forest management. On the basis of

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015 the data gathered by the various countries and also at the subregional level, OFAC publishes a regular report entitled State of the forest, which takes as exhaustive stock as possible of the forests of the Congo Basin, their biodiversity and their socio-economic situation. Distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, As mentioned earlier, the COMIFAC member countries are part of other international processes to promote sustainable forest management. These processes or bodies have developed tools to monitor forest management, for example the PCIs developed by ITTO with the support of ATO, which have been taken on board by various countries in the subregion through national working groups (NWGs). Similarly, specific indicators are being used in the context of FAO’s assessment of the world’s forest resources. In connection with the existence of these various tools for data collection, it has been observed that the information published on the situation of forest management sometimes differs from one source to another. In an effort to harmonize the data collection process in the various countries, COMIFAC organized a workshop in Yaoundé in June 2012 attended by FAO and ITTO, particularly ITTO and FRA/FAO focal points, so that a joint effort could be made to build a strategy for collaboration between the OFAC working group and these focal points. In order to boost consistency in the monitoring of forest management in our subregion, a set of criteria and indicators accepted by the various institutions operating in Central Africa is needed. For this reason, COMIFAC salutes this FAO initiative to strengthen and harmonize criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management. COMIFAC also appreciates the holding of this meeting, which gathers together all those with a stake in forest management in the continent, whose participation in the discussions should lead to an improvement in the relevance of the criteria and indicators proposed. On this note, I wish full success in our forthcoming work. Thank you.

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9.2.4 MINFOF OPENING ADDRESS

Address of the representative of the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife at the opening ceremony

- Deputy Executive Secretary of COMIFAC, - Assistant Representative of FAO in Cameroon, - Representative of ITTO, - Ladies and gentlemen, workshop participants, - Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, The honour falls to me today to speak from this podium in order to open the work of the Regional Workshop for Africa on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice. First of all, allow me to pass on the warmest greetings of His Excellency Ngole Philip Ngwese, Minister of Forests and Wildlife, who was keen to chair this meeting in person, but had to delegate this responsibility to me because of the extremely severe constraints on his time. Like my predecessors, allow me to welcome you to this beautiful room in the Sawa Hotel, where the décor and level of comfort reflect the hospitality and warmth of the people of Cameroon in general and the city of Douala in particular. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, Cameroon, like other countries in the world, started involving itself in sustainable forest management in the early 1990s. Efforts in this sphere have led to policy and law reforms, the adoption of the management plan as a tool for sustainable management of forest concessions, the involvement of indigenous and local communities in forest management, and an increase in the amount of land designated as protected areas. And my country has not stood aside from emerging issues. Here we would mention the FLEGT VPA, the REDD+ process and other initiatives involved in sustainable forest management. Progress in this context has been monitored periodically through criteria and indicators. I should like to take this opportunity to recall that Cameroon developed criteria and indicators at the beginning of the 1990s; thus various processes to develop criteria and indicators were launched 25 years ago. With regard particularly to Africa, the African Timber Organization (ATO) launched its PCI initiative in 1993. My country supported this ATO initiative by hosting the first tests of the ATO PCIs, which were held with the support of CIFOR. It should be recalled that Côte d’Ivoire already had these tests in 1995, while they were carried out in Gabon and the Central African Republic in 1998 and 1999 respectively. Cameroon also supported the production of a benchmark shared by ATO and ITTO, now recognized as the ATO/ITTO PCIs. This benchmark allowed us subsequently to produce PCIs specific to Cameroon in 2004. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,

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The workshop for which we have gathered here will allow us to examine a major tool that has helped to promote sustainable forest development. Our work has the overall objective of developing a shared understanding of the best way forward in order to develop and use sustainable forest management criteria and indicators as a tool for: a) policy dialogue, communication, planning and the implementation of regional forest policy programmes and strategies; b) monitoring, evaluation and reporting regarding progress toward sustainable forest management and also regarding intersectoral aspects of sustainability, particularly as linked to FLEGT, REDD+ and sustainable land management; c) support and promotion of sustainable forest management practices at all levels (landscape, community, concession, forest investment) and the further development of tools to demonstrate sustainability, including forest certification. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, I should like to call your attention to the work before you. The continuation of the process will depend on the quality of your discussions and above all on the conclusions and recommendations you reach. I would therefore invite you to the greatest diligence, discipline and mutual respect during your discussions in order to guarantee the success of this workshop. I could not conclude these words without thanking FAO, ITTO and COMIFAC, which have facilitated the organization of the present meeting in Cameroon in every way. With the hope that the present work will be crowned with success, I declare the regional workshop on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice open. Long live Cameroon! Long live international cooperation! I thank you for your kind attention.

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9.3 ADDRESS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MINISTRY OF FORESTS AND WILDLIFE AT THE CLOSING CEREMONY

- Deputy Executive Secretary of COMIFAC, - Assistant Representative of FAO in Cameroon, - Representative of ITTO, - Ladies and gentlemen, workshop participants, - Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, Two days ago, in this same room, I opened the work of the present workshop with the firm hope that it would be crowned with success. In view of the results we have reached and the recommendations formulated, we can all see that the objectives have been fully achieved. Our discussions have taken place in a cordial, fraternal, tolerant atmosphere of mutual respect. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, You will agree with me that at the end of our meeting, sustainable forest management has been broadened and strengthened, taking into account the opportunities, challenges and associated matters we have observed. Mention should be made here of the fuller ownership of criteria and indicators by all the stakeholders, such emerging issues as REDD+ and FLEGT, land-use planning that clearly defines the forest sphere and forest ecosystems including moist savannah and dry zones, the landscape approach etc. etc. This bears clear witness that efforts have been made and certainly deserve recognition, but that we still have further to travel in strengthening criteria and indicators, which would also require development and application while taking account of specific aspects of ecosystems, local areas, countries and regions. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, While congratulating you in the name of His Excellency Ngole Philip Ngwese, Minister of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon, for the work you have accomplished with such perseverance and insight, I should like to observe that the recommendations that have crowned your work represent a challenge to the organizations represented at the present meeting for the continuation of this important process. I am thinking particularly here of FAO, ITTO and COMIFAC. This is an opportunity for me to express to them once more the deep gratitude of the Government of Cameroon and all the workshop participants for the whole range of support they have brought into play to facilitate the holding of this reflection. I would also be remiss if I omitted to congratulate and thank especially the workshop facilitator, the facilitators and rapporteurs of the working groups, the interpreters and of course those responsible for logistics, for their major contribution to the success of our work. And with these words of thanks, I declare the work of the Workshop on Strengthening Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice closed, wishing you all a safe journey home to your families and countries. Long live international cooperation! Long live Cameroon! Thank you for your kind attention.

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9.4 QUESTIONS FOR THE WORKING GROUPS (1) DAY 2

- G1: COMIFAC/ECCAS Central Africa subregion (facilitator François Hiol Hiol) - G2: ECOWAS/West Africa subregion (facilitator Atse Yapi) - G3: EAC-SADC/Eastern and Southern Africa subregion (facilitator Peter Gondo) Central subject What main lessons have been learned and should be applied in the subregion? What opportunities should be seized to boost the use of forest management C&Is? What are the main challenges for the future? Recommendations to boost the use of C&Is in strategic planning, monitoring and reporting Some associated questions: 1. In your subregion, have the various countries incorporated C&Is into their system of forest management? Particularly issues of permanent/non-permanent public forest land? What difficulties have been encountered with regard to the concept of permanent public forest land? What should be done if it is not yet effective in each country? 2. Have C&Is been used in developing national policies? Is there a regional-level reference document to orient national forest policies? What has been done, where necessary, to transpose regional guidelines into national policies? Have PCIs been used, and how? 3. Are C&Is used for reporting? And for the planning and/or formulation of national forest policies/programmes? And for measuring progress toward sustainable forest management? If so, explain the results and problems. If not, explain why not. 4. Does the present use of C&Is help to increase dialogue among the various stakeholders? Do C&Is have an added value for the development of strategies and action plans for sustainable forest management? 5. What is the position of your countries with regard to the various processes under way? What is the level of understanding and ownership of C&Is when there are a number of concurrent processes? Who understands what? 6. And tomorrow, if the funding specific to each process (ITTO, REDD+, FLEGT, NBSAPs, FSC etc.) were to stop, what would happen? Who would support and carry on the process? Can we make forecasts regarding the future of these processes and their use in national and subregional policies? 7. What is the role of the state? How are the various approaches to be harmonized? How are indicators to be harmonized? Who should do what? 8. What is the role of international organizations? What is the role of subregional organizations? 9. What are the timelines for the future?

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9.5 REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUPS (1) – DAY 2

9.5.1 WEST AFRICA GROUP Axes of discussion • Key lessons from the subregion • Opportunities and challenges for the future • Recommendations to strengthen the use of C&Is in strategic planning, monitoring and reporting Use of C&Is at different levels

Level/Use Regional National Local

Policy dialogue 1. ATO/ITTO work with ECOWAS 3. Development and maintaining of 6. Local-level forest to harmonize policy dialogue in national forest platform platform for SFM the subregion 4. Broadening of discussion to include 7. Information 2. Mechanism to mobilize all stakeholders/ land base sectors dissemination and feedback experts for policy dialogue mechanism (including NWGs, and resource 5. Development of public and private mobilization) partnership policy for the forest sector

Monitoring, 1. Regional observatory on 3. Development of national database 7. Mechanism for collection assessment forests to feed into the regional observatory and dissemination of and reporting information 2. ECOWAS making use of all 4. Monitoring and evaluation systems available initiatives in mobilizing must incorporate C&Is 8. Capacity-building for forest-related data stakeholders 5. Capacity-building for stakeholders

6. A system of knowledge management

Supporting 1. ECOWAS should encourage 3. Incorporation of forestry 5. Review and updating of sustainable member countries to implement initiatives/best practices into all management plans and forest practices conversions and international educational curricula all other documentation for initiatives SFM 4. Enforcing provisions in Principle 1 of 2. Study tours should be the C&Is to create an enabling 6. Strict enforcement of encouraged between environment for implementation of sanctions stakeholders of member SFM countries 7. Greater value placed on local knowledge in forest management

8. Development of local forest entrepreneurship

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9.5.2 CENTRAL AFRICA GROUP Facilitator: François Hiol Hiol Rapporteur: Denis Beina Deputy rapporteur: William Lawyer Methodology 1. Two presentations to refresh the memory of the group members, followed by a discussion enabling proposals to be gathered: - “Perception of C&Is in Central Africa” by François Hiol Hiol, Facilitator; - “WWF-TRAFFIC Timber legality framework: what ‘legal’ means” by Denis Mahongho of TRAFFIC. 2. A questionnaire divided into two main points: - the central subject divided into four questions; - some associated issues divided into nine questions to be submitted to the members of the group. The answers to the questions are now presented in the table below, summarized on the basis of the various categories of C&I use, so as to facilitate further use of this information. Level/Use Regional National Local 1. Main lessons to be learned for the subregion Policy dialogue - Inspiration for the development of - The 7 forest countries have adopted Convergence Plans 1 and 2 the ATO/ITTO regional PCIs - PCIs have not received sufficient dissemination - Inspiration for consultation - All forest countries 5 or 6 have adopted frameworks on forest governance in the PCIs on the basis of generic regional ones various countries, i.e. NWGs Monitoring, evaluation and reporting Sustainable forest - Countries have drawn inspiration from management the ATO/ITTO guidelines to draw up practices technical standards and guidelines for the development and implementation of management plans - The FLEGT legality grids and REDD+ standards have drawn inspiration from the ATO/ITTO PCIs - The development of PCIs has led to the establishment of multistakeholder consultation frameworks on SFM, in particular NWGs - Inspiration during the development of national standards for forest certification (PAFC and FSC) - Inspiration for the development of wildlife management plans in the

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subregion - PCIs do not take account of the problem of land allocation and other uses (coexistence of extraction permits) 2. Opportunities and challenges for the future Policy dialogue - Challenges: • involvement of the private sector in the process • involvement of research in the process Monitoring, - A lack of communication regarding evaluation and progress of the process reporting - Challenges: establishment of auditing frameworks Sustainable forest - Inspiration for revision of laws and management regulations currently under way in a practices number of countries

- Challenges to extend the PCI approach to dry savannah zones, forest plantations, small forest harvesting lots and community forests

- Challenges of harmonizing PCIs 3. Recommendations for strengthening the use of C&Is in strategic planning, monitoring and reporting Policy dialogue - Develop mechanisms for financing by the states themselves and for the mobilization of funding through partnership

- Revitalize NWGs and facilitate their transformation into permanent consultation committees Monitoring, - Establish an auditing framework for the evaluation and monitoring and evaluation of SFM with reporting the help of PCIs

- Harmonize reporting systems, but without completely standardizing them, following the pre-established reporting format Sustainable forest - Need to have a land-use blueprint management practices

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9.5.3 EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA GROUP

Key lessons from the subregion • Ownership of C&Is by government –document endorsed • C&Is should be national driven not donor driven • Obligation to review the implementation and use of C&Is • Legal backing: the principles should be in the country’s forest act • Some indicators cannot be implemented on the ground • Realistic and easy-to-measure indicators • Implementation: develop country’s own standards that are not affiliated to any certification body • Funding: collaboration between government and industry • C&Is should be tested to find out how practical they are • Application of C&Is by the private sector on a voluntary basis is a potential for use of C&Is for national forests • Having a national framework can guide certification by international organizations • Where there is no national definition, there may be problems from international certification boards Axes of discussion • Opportunities and challenges for the future • Integration and sharing of data from different countries • Existence of regional policies and protocols that can use C&Is • Existing cross-border initiatives • Opportunities at regional level • Integration and sharing of data from different countries • Existence of regional policies and protocols that can use C&Is • Existing cross-border initiatives • Contribution of forests to national GDP (Uganda 6–8%, Madagascar 5%) • Challenges at regional level • Lack of awareness and information regarding C&Is at regional level • Different levels of forest development • Lack of willingness to share data • Lack of capacity and technical skills to collect and analyse data at regional level • Too many reporting channels • Too many stakeholders with limited skills • Opportunities at national level • Legislative, planning and institutional frameworks in place • Political will • Linking C&Is to climate change and adaptation and other forest-related initiatives, e.g. REDD+ • Promote the use of C&Is at planning level • Forests are at the centre of national development: contribution to GDP • Challenges at national level • Weak national forest institution: • inadequate technical skills • inadequate financial resources • weak research and development • Political instability • Limited coordination between government and other stakeholders • Different reporting systems

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Recommendations • Regional level – Harmonization of C&Is at regional level – Regional working group (more involvement of regional institutions) – Capacity-building – Mobilization of funds – Establishment of an observatory (centralized database platform) – Consistency in representation • National level – Capacity-building – development, awareness, implementation – Mobilization of funds – Research and development – experts and institutions – Use of existing working groups or establishment of one if there is none – Consistency in representation – Social dimension – Promotion of the use of C&Is at planning level – Strengthening of coordination of forest-related initiatives and application of C&Is across relevant sectors • Local (practical) level – Technical capacity – Awareness-raising – Experience sharing platforms – Training of trainers – Strengthening of participatory planning – Joint monitoring – Development of forest management plan – Development of standard operating procedures – Establishment of effective financing mechanism at field level on programme timeframe – Use of C&Is to popularize the contribution of forestry to other sectors – Ensuring that there is a benefit to the community from using C&Is – Structuring of a benefit-sharing mechanism from sustainably managed forests

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9.6 QUESTIONS FOR THE WORKING GROUPS (2) – DAY 3

- G1 : COMIFAC/ECCAS Central Africa subregion (facilitator François Hiol Hiol) - G2 : ECOWAS/West Africa subregion (facilitator Atse Yapi) - G3 : EAC-SADC/Eastern and Southern Africa subregion (facilitator Peter Gondo) Objective: to broaden the discussion on the future of C&Is and their use in various possible forest situations:  large-scale and artisanal harvesting of natural production forests and forest plantations;

 harvesting of community or communal forests;

 harvesting other than timber: fuelwood, charcoal, construction timber, biomass, NWFPs;

 approach to the use of C&Is for the management of forest zones versus approach of managing specific species (Prunus africana, Acacia senegalensis, karate etc.);

 specific approach for the management of tree savannah or more sparsely wooded savannah; question of fire in savannah land as against investment in forest plantations;

 PCIs for all the cases in question including for wildlife? for NWFPs?

 or PCIs for land-use planning and management? including needs of agricultural and livestock development to meet the increased demand for food? Some associated questions 1. From the viewpoint of the professionals, should the obligation to use PCIs for the management of concessions be reinforced or not? Or for the management of the various categories of forest? Or for plantations? What are the arguments for and against? 2. What possibilities are there of harmonizing the C&Is used by different initiatives? Are the C&Is applicable for all users? 3. With agricultural pressure on forests in order to increase food production, what should be done? How are PCIs to be managed? Who should decide? Who should plan? Who should pay? 4. Outside forest concessions under management, what should be done with PCIs/C&Is? Should they be used for forests that are not under management agreements? For community forests? For communal forests? For ordinary forests? And so on. 5. Does REDD+ provide favourable prospects, allowing an improvement in sustainable forest management while incorporating growing food needs? Which PCIs? 6. Is the cost of respecting PCIs normal or is it judged excessive? What penalties should be levied on those disregarding them? May the state itself be penalized when it does not respect its commitments, particularly regarding Principle 1?

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7. Would it be helpful to simplify PCIs? Why? To reduce the requirements of sustainable management? To reduce costs? How are environmental imperatives to be squared with profit requirements? What compromise can be proposed? For which market? 8. In the end, does the market pay the costs? Or must other forms of finance be found for the application of PCIs? For which types of forest? Or outside forests? 9. Do some people talk about escalating requirements, which end up by discouraging managers? Or say that the market does not place a proper value on sustainable management efforts? Is there a risk of seeing forest managers turn their backs on certification processes? Should C&Is be simplified? In the framework of concessions under management? Or outside it? At the end of the group session. Select the five priority recommendations of the group to be raised to the continental level at the UNFF meeting in September following the Africa regional workshop.

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9.7 WORKSHOP EVALUATION SHEET

Strengthening C&Is for Sustainable Forest Management and Their Use in Policy and Practice: Africa Regional Workshop

27 – 29 May, Douala

Following this workshop and to assist FAO and ITTO in their constant quest to improve their performance of such actions, they would ask you to fill in this anonymous questionnaire. Thank you in advance.

For each question, please put a cross in the corresponding box, according to the scale of your satisfaction: 1 = not at all; 2 = partial; 3 = for the most part; 4 = complete

1. ORGANIZATION – LOGISTICS 1 2 3 4 . The welcome was warm ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . The programme was respected

⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . The timetable suited you

. The number of participants was right for the workshop ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝

2. CONTENT AND QUALITY

Programme 1 2 3 4 . The workshop programme was well put together ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . The length of the workshop was appropriate

Facilitators 1 2 3 4 . The quality of facilitation was satisfactory ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . The presentations were clear and relevant ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . The facilitation techniques were appropriate to the objectives ⃝

3. APPROPRIATE NATURE AND RESULTS OF THE TRAINING RECEIVED 1 2 3 4 . Did the workshop allow your expectations to be met? ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . Did you have the prerequisites to follow the workshop? ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . Has the workshop enabled you to assume ownership of the C&Is? ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . Has it brought you personal enrichment? ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝

4. ACHIEVEMENT OF OBJECTIVES 1 2 3 4 . The participants have assumed ownership of the C&Is ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . Recommendations have been drawn up to strengthen the use of C&Is ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ . An outlook for C&Is for the years ahead has been proposed

. The next steps have been proposed ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝

5. SYNTHESIS Give an overall score for this workshop (by circling the score) 1 2 3 4 Unsatisfactory Could be improved Good Very satisfactory

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9.7.1 RESULTS OF THE WORKSHOP EVALUATION

For the most Complete/ Number of Not at all/ Partial/ Could part/ Very No questionnaires Average Unsatisfactory be improved Good satisfactory answer Organization – Logistics 42 Good Warm welcome 2% 14% 36% 45% 2% Programme respected 2% 2% 36% 57% 2% Appropriate timetable 2% 7% 62% 24% 5% Appropriate number of participants 2% 5% 43% 45% 5% Content & quality 42 Good Programme structure 2% 2% 38% 57% 0% Appropriate workshop length 0% 14% 45% 36% 5% Facilitation quality 2% 7% 36% 52% 2% Relevance & clarity of presentations 2% 0% 62% 36% 0% Facilitation techniques 2% 12% 48% 38% 0% Appropriate nature & results 42 Good Workshop met expectations 0% 5% 62% 33% 0% Prerequisites 7% 7% 33% 45% 7% Ownership of C&Is 0% 10% 36% 52% 2% Personal enrichment 2% 0% 26% 69% 2% Achievement of objectives 42 Good Ownership of C&Is 0% 10% 50% 33% 7% Recommendations made to strengthen use of C&Is 0% 2% 40% 52% 5% View of C&Is proposed 0% 14% 40% 40% 5% Next steps proposed 2% 5% 45% 38% 10% Synthesis 42 Good Overall workshop 0% 0% 71% 24% 5% score

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9.8 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

N° Surname 1st name Organization Participation Position E-mail Country [email protected]; 1 Agossou Maxime NWG ITTO Participant GNTDD Benin

[email protected]

2 Ahimin Olivier ITTO Participant ATO/ITTO [email protected] Gabon Ahoussi née Logbochi Côte

3 SYNEPSEFOR Participant Présidente MALEBI [email protected] Ayouo Delphine d’Ivoire Sous-Directeur de Ayemou [email protected]; Côte 4 Amon SODEFOR Speaker l'Aménagement et de la Alphonse [email protected] d’Ivoire Protection

Office de développement et d'exploitation des forêts (ODEF) /

5 Assi Hemou Brice ODEF / MERF Participant [email protected] Togo ministère de l'environnement et des ressources forestières (MERF)

Project Manager Aménagement

6 Bastin Didier Alpicam Participant [email protected] Cameroon & Certification Central

7 Beina Denis NWG ITTO Participant GNT RCA Président [email protected] African Republic Point Focal CDD, MINEPDED Ministère de l'Environnement, de

8 Bring Christophe CDD / MINEPDED Participant [email protected] Cameroon la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable Direction Nationale des Coordinateur National PDD-DIN

9 Coulibaly Tidiani Participant [email protected] Mali Eaux et Forêts et Point Focal OIBT

10 Dampha Almami AUC Speaker African Union Commission (AUC) [email protected] Ethiopia

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Ministère des eaux, Coordonnateur National du forêts, chasses et Central projet PD 124 sur le PCI

11 Dimanche Luc pêches, Direction des Participant [email protected] African OAB/OIBT de gestion durable des Exploitations et Republic forêts Industries Forestières

12 Djossi Donald OFAC Speaker [email protected] Cameroon Programme Régional Forêts de

13 Endamana Dominique IUCN Participant [email protected] Cameroon l'UICN-PACO Esitadimma

14 John CBD Speaker [email protected] Nigeria Onyekuru

15 Foteu Roger RAFM Participant [email protected] Cameroon Resource Management support Centre - Forestry State Forestry 16 Fumey Nassa L. Valerie Speaker Commission,Ghana Function [email protected] Ghana Department Manager Plantations Department, RMSC Regional consultant (Eastern and

17 Gondo Peter UNFF Speaker [email protected] USA Southern Africa)

18 Habimana Didier FAO Participant APO Forestry [email protected] Ethiopia Regional consultant

19 Hiol Hiol Francois FAO Speaker [email protected] Cameroon (COMIFAC/Central Africa)

20 Julve Cecilia FAO Participant FAO [email protected] Gabon Ministry of Water and Uganda Environment, Forestry [email protected]; 21 Kazungu Bob Participant Sector Support [email protected] Department

22 Kilawe Edward FAO SFE Participant [email protected] Ethiopia

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Strengthening C&I for SFM Africa Regional Report Douala, 27-29 May 2015

Professeur à l'université de Lomé 23 Kokou Kouami NWG ITTO Speaker [email protected] Togo Coordonnateur du GNT TOGO Ministère de l’Environnement, Conservation de la Democratic Nature et Tourisme,

24 Kondjo Shoko André Participant [email protected] Republic of Direction des Congo Inventaires et Aménagement Forestier Coordonnateur Technique du Côte

25 Kouadio Bouattenin GAYA NGO/ GNT-CI Speaker [email protected] GNT-CI d’Ivoire 26 Lawyer William FSC Participant [email protected] Cameroon Misikire Ethiopian Biodiversity [email protected] / 27 Lemma Participant Ethiopia Tessema Institute [email protected] Audit internes et de la 28 Lissouk Florence Alpicam Participant Cameroon certification Coordonnateur National du Direction Générale des Achille Projet de Promotion de

29 Lokossou Forêts et des Participant [email protected] Benin Orphée l'Aménagement Durable des Ressources Naturelles Forêts Africaines 30 Mahonghol Denis TRAFFIC Speaker [email protected] Cameroon Southern Alliance for indigenous [email protected]; 31 Makwiramiti Patson SAFIRE (NGO) Participant Zimbabwe Resources [email protected] Ministère de Democratic l'Environnement et Direction des Inventaires et

32 Malele Sébastien Participant [email protected]; Republic of Développement Aménagement Forestier Congo Durable Enver 33 Mapanda Border Timbers ltd Participant Forestry Technical Manager [email protected] Zimbabwe Consolata Ministry of Agriculture, Community Forestry in Namibia

34 Mench Andreas Speaker [email protected] Namibia Water & Forestry Programme Manager

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MINFOF, Directeur

35 Mfou Mfou Bruno Participant Directeur Forêts, MINFOF [email protected] Cameroon Forêts 36 Mikissa Jean Bruno ENEF Speaker Enseignant [email protected] Gabon Ministerio de Agricultura y Bosques, Equatorial 37 Mituy Abaga Ramon Participant [email protected] Dirección General de Guinea Bosques Department of Assistant Director: Planning and [email protected]; South 38 Mmakwena Maleka Agriculture, Forestry Participant Audits [email protected] Africa and Fisheries

39 Mpoyi Augustin GNT RDC Speaker [email protected] DRC Centre International de Formation et de Recherche pour 40 Ndikumagenge Cleto CIFREDD Participant l’Environnement et le [email protected] Burundi Développement Durable (CIFREDD) 41 Ngniado Alphonse WWF Participant [email protected] Cameroon Cameroon [email protected] ; 42 Ngoufo Roger Participant Président Cameroon Environmental Watch [email protected] Programme Régional Forêt 43 Nguinguiri Jean Claude FAO Participant [email protected] Gabon Afrique Centrale Ministère des Forêts, Inventaires 44 Nkie Martin MINFOF Participant et Aménagements Forestiers, [email protected] Cameroon MINFOF projet CD2 45 Nkoulou Jervais Aménagement et suivi Participant Coordinateur C2D PSFE2 [email protected] Cameroon des forêts du Cameroun 46 Nkoum Messoua Yves ANAFOR Participant Cameroon Workshop

47 Noiraud Jean Marie JMN JMN Organisateur [email protected] Cameroon Facilitation

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Directeur du

48 Nteme Simplice développement des Participant MEFGRN [email protected] Gabon forêts

49 Obam Obam Pierre MINFOF Participant Inspecteur General [email protected] Cameroon

50 Ondo née Ntsame Rose PAFC-Gabon Speaker [email protected] Gabon

51 Ondoua Barthelemy WWF Participant WWF Cameroun [email protected] Cameroon

52 Opuni-Frimpong Emmanuel FORIG Participant FORIG [email protected] Ghana

53 Osei Joseph William FSC Speaker FSC/WG [email protected] Ghana

54 Oyono Zouga Nelly ANAFOR Participant Cameroon Chargé d’études- Direction de la 55 Rabevazaha Felanirina Forest Department Participant Valorisation des Ressources [email protected] Madagascar Forestières 56 Rametsteiner Ewald FAO Speaker Project leader [email protected] Italy

57 Rashidi Rubin REDD+ Speaker [email protected] DRC Sawlog Production [email protected]; 58 Sande Bueno Dickens Speaker Project Manager Uganda Grant Scheme (SPGS). [email protected] 59 Sonne Norbert WWF Participant WWF Cameroon Forest Officer [email protected] Cameroon

60 Tadoum Martin COMIFAC Participant [email protected] Cameroon GNT Mali, Conseiller National 61 Thierno Seydou GNT ITTO Participant Haut Conseil des Collectivités [email protected] Mali Président GNT/GDF/CF 62 Tsanga Raphaël CIFOR Speaker [email protected] Cameroon

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[email protected]; 63 Wellington Baiden Portal Enterprise Speaker Plantation Enterprise in Ghana Ghana [email protected]; 64 Yapi Atse FAO Speaker Regional consultant (West Africa) [email protected] Ghana

65 Eyenga Evarist FAO Communication Participant [email protected] Cameroon

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