SDGs for Children in Indonesia Provincial snapshot: West Sumatra

Introduction 1.9 million children of entire This provincial snapshot highlights priority child-related 36% Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, based population on national household surveys and other data sources. It complements the national SDG Baseline Report on Children in Indonesia produced by BAPPENAS and UNICEF, to support monitoring and evidence-informed policy making. West Sumatra West Sumatra (Sumatera Barat) is a youthful province. Its 1.9 million children represent 36 per cent of the total population. Over half of children live in rural areas. Increased strategic investments in children are required to fast-track achievement of the SDGs for the province.

GOAL 1 NO POVERTY

Nearly 200,000 children (10 per cent) were living below the Multidimensional child poverty in West Sumatra official poverty line in 2015 (Rp 12,634 per person per day). Many more families are insecure and live on incomes that are only marginally higher. In addition, seven out of 10 children experienced 80% Urban deprivations in two or more non-income dimensions of poverty, with persistent disparities between urban and rural areas.1 60% Rural

Per cent Number 40% (millions) National average Population below national poverty line 7.3 0.4 20% West Children < 18 below national poverty line 9.8 0.2 71 0% Sumatra Children < 18 below twice the poverty line 64.3 1.2

GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER

Adopting optimal feeding practices is fundamental to a child’s The prevalence of malnutrition is relatively high, including survival, growth and development. One in two infants in West among those in more affluent households. Some 12 per cent of Sumatra is exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life, newborns have a low birthweight, and nearly four in 10 children which is just above the national average. under five were stunted (low height for their age) in 2013.

Wealth disparities in child feeding and nutrition outcomes

60% Richest quintile 50% Poorest 40% quintile 30% National 20% average

10% 12 48 39 10 West 0% Sumatra Low birthweight Exclusive breastfeeding Childhood stunting Childhood overweight GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Despite progress, child mortality remains a challenge. For every health services, including scaling up access to modern family 1,000 live births, 17 newborn babies died in their first month of planning methods. life and 34 before their fifth birthday. Six in 10 infants received the recommended three doses of Most women have access to delivery care and 94 per cent DTP vaccine and 73 per cent were vaccinated against measles of births occurred with assistance from a skilled attendant. in 2015. Increased efforts are needed to reach and sustain high However, there is scope to improve the coverage of reproductive immunisation coverage in rural and urban areas.

Geographic disparities in maternal and child health

Need for family planning 50 satisfied with modern 2 methods (% of women) 40 Institutional deliveries 30 Maternal and

reproductive health Skilled attendant at birth 20

Immunisation coverage – DPT3 10

2 1 Immunisation 0 coverage – measles Child health Adolescent birth Neonatal Under-five rate (per 1,000 mortality rate mortality rate (per women) (per 1,000 live 1,000 live births) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% births)

Urban Rural National average West Sumatra

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Children’s school readiness can be improved through early Wealth disparities in school completion rates childhood development programmes. The participation rate in organised learning among 6-year-olds was 95 per cent in 2015, 100% Richest with most pre-school children enrolling early in primary school. quintile 80% West Sumatra has achieved near-universal access to primary Poorest education. Yet, wealth disparities are large: children from the 60% quintile poorest households are half as likely to complete secondary 40% school compared with their most affluent peers. National average Quality of education remains a key concern. The province 20% performs well above the national average, but only two thirds 1 West 0% of primary school children achieved the minimum national Primary unior Senior Sumatra benchmark in reading and a quarter in mathematics. Secondary Secondary

Percentage of children attending school, by age

100% Tertiary

80% Senior secondary

60% Junior secondary

40% Primary

20% Pre-school

0% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ge (at beginning of school year) GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY

West Sumatra has the fifth lowest child marriage rate in the Wealth disparities in child marriage country. Some 6 per cent of women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18 in 2015. Levels of child marriage are higher among girls from the poorest households. 12% Richest quintile No representative data are available on violence against girls and women at provincial level. Evidence from a national survey Poorest quintile indicates, however, that such violence is widespread: 28 per cent 8% of ever-partnered women and girls experienced physical, sexual National average and/or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner. West 4% Sumatra

are % of women married 0% 6 before Child marriage

GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Achieving universal access to drinking water, sanitation and households and schools.2 hygiene is crucial to further progress in health, education and Disparities based on wealth and place of residence are poverty eradication. Half of the population used a basic sanitation pronounced, pointing to the importance of integrating equity facility at home in 2015, while one in four practised open considerations into policy and practice and expanding the defecation. Half of schools have sex-separated toilet facilities. The community-based total sanitation programme. coverage of improved drinking water sources is higher, both in

Wealth disparities in access to water and sanitation basic with water 100% Richest services 82% quintile 9% 80% schools Poorest 60% quintile School environment

40% National Schools with basic water services (%) 82 average Schools with sex-disaggregated sanitation facilities (%) 51 20% 2 West Community Sumatra 0% Villages and wards implementing community-based total mproved asic pen 39 drining water sanitation defecation sanitation (%)

GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Progress is ongoing in improving levels of birth registration. In Wealth disparities in birth registration 2015, some 64 per cent of children under 5 years of age had a birth certificate. There are large differences between urban 100% Richest and rural areas and based on households’ wealth status, due to quintile financial and supply-side barriers. 80% Deprivation of liberty remains a common form of punishment for Poorest 60% quintile juvenile offenders, in violation of the principle that this should be a measure of last resort. In West Sumatra, nearly a quarter of all 40% National children in detention were unsentenced, on par with the national average average. 20% West Little or no data is available on other child protection issues, such 0% Sumatra as violence against children and trafficking. irth registration PROVINCIAL SCORECARD

The scorecard summarises West Sumatra’s performance for a On the right side of the scorecard West Sumatra’s rank for each selection of SDG indicators compared to other provinces in the indicator is shown, ranging from 1 for the highest performer to country. For each indicator, the graph shows West Sumatra’s 34 for the lowest. Provinces are divided into four quartiles (blue average value as well as the provinces with the highest and the for the highest ranking and red/orange for the lowest ranking lowest data value. provinces).

or Highest ranking province Lowest ranking province West Sumatra Arrows point towards direction of positive progress Ranking (out of 34 provinces)

Children below poverty line (%) 11 SDG 1

Multidimensional child deprivation (%) 2

Exclusive breastfeeding (%) 12

SDG 2 Childhood stunting (%) 1

Need for family planning met (% of women) 2

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 11 SDG 3 Neonatal mortality (per 1,000 live births)

Full immunisation coverage (%) 2

Minimum proficiency in math (%) SDG 4

Minimum proficiency in reading (%)

Child marriage (%) SDG 5

Improved drinking water (%) 2 SDG 6

Basic sanitation (%) 2

SDG 16 Birth registration (%) 2

0 20 40 60 80 100

Colour leen Best quartile (1–8) Second quartile (9–17) Third quartile (18–25) Bottom quartile (26–34)

Notes Sources: National household surveys (SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, IDHS) and administrative data (Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health). Detailed information on data sources and indicator definitions is available online at: https://sdg4children.or.id 1 Multidimensional child poverty is defined as children who experience deprivations in at least two of the following dimensions: food and nutrition; health; education; housing; water and sanitation; and protection. 2 Indonesia does not yet have nationally representative data on water quality that can be used to calculate the SDG indicator on the use of safely managed drinking water services. Instead, a nationally-defined proxy measure is used to set a baseline for SDG 6. For more information please email jakarta@unicef.org