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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
A Short History of Indonesia: the Unlikely Nation?
History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page i A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page ii Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000. History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iii A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA THE UNLIKELY NATION? Colin Brown History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iv First published in 2003 Copyright © Colin Brown 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: [email protected] Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Brown, Colin, A short history of Indonesia : the unlikely nation? Bibliography. -
D 328 the Bioregional Principal at Banyuwangi Region Development
Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, November 26-28, 2019 The Bioregional Principal at Banyuwangi Region Development in the Context of Behavior Maintenance Ratna Darmiwati Catholic University of Darma Cendika, Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract The tourism, natural resources, local culture and Industries with the environment are the backbone of the government's foreign development in the region exchange. The sustainable development without the environment damaging that all activities are recommended, so that between the nature and humans can be worked simultaneously. The purpose of study is maintaining the natural conditions as they are and not to be undermined by irresponsible actions. All of them are facilitated by the government, while maintaining the Osing culture community and expanding the region and make it more widely known. The maintenance of the natural existing resources should be as good as possible, so that it can be passed on future generations in well condition. All of the resources, can be redeveloped in future. The research method used qualitative-descriptive-explorative method which are sorting the datas object. The activities should have involved and relevant with the stakeholders such as the local government, the community leaders or non-governmental organizations and the broader community. The reciprocal relationships between human beings as residents and the environment are occurred as their daily life. Their life will become peaceful when the nature is domesticated. The nature will not be tampered, but arranged in form of human beings that can be moved safely and comfortably. Keywords: The Culture, Industry, Natural Resources, Tourism. -
Appendices 2011–12
Art GAllery of New South wAleS appendices 2011–12 Sponsorship 73 Philanthropy and bequests received 73 Art prizes, grants and scholarships 75 Gallery publications for sale 75 Visitor numbers 76 Exhibitions listing 77 Aged and disability access programs and services 78 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander programs and services 79 Multicultural policies and services plan 80 Electronic service delivery 81 Overseas travel 82 Collection – purchases 83 Collection – gifts 85 Collection – loans 88 Staff, volunteers and interns 94 Staff publications, presentations and related activities 96 Customer service delivery 101 Compliance reporting 101 Image details and credits 102 masterpieces from the Musée Grants received SPONSORSHIP National Picasso, Paris During 2011–12 the following funding was received: UBS Contemporary galleries program partner entity Project $ amount VisAsia Council of the Art Sponsors Gallery of New South Wales Nelson Meers foundation Barry Pearce curator emeritus project 75,000 as at 30 June 2012 Asian exhibition program partner CAf America Conservation work The flood in 44,292 the Darling 1890 by wC Piguenit ANZ Principal sponsor: Archibald, Japan foundation Contemporary Asia 2,273 wynne and Sulman Prizes 2012 President’s Council TOTAL 121,565 Avant Card Support sponsor: general Members of the President’s Council as at 30 June 2012 Bank of America Merill Lynch Conservation support for The flood Steven lowy AM, Westfield PHILANTHROPY AC; Kenneth r reed; Charles in the Darling 1890 by wC Piguenit Holdings, President & Denyse -
New Paradigm of Marine Geopark Concept and Information System
tal Zone as M o a C n f a o g l e a m n e r Hartoko et al., J Coast Zone Manag 2018, 21:2 n u t o J Journal of Coastal Zone Management DOI: 10.4172/2473-3350.1000464 ISSN: 2473-3350 Research Article Open Access New Paradigm of Marine Geopark Concept and Information System Based of Webserver at Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia Agus Hartoko1*, Eddy Jajang Jaya Atmaja2, Ghiri Basuki Putra3, Irvani Fachruddin4, Rio Armanda Agustian5 and M Helmi6 1Department of Fisheries, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2Department of Agribisnis, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 3Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 4Department of Mining, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 5University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 6Department of Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Indonesia *Corresponding author: Agus Hartoko, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Diponegoro, Indonesia, Tel: +62-24-8452560; E- mail: [email protected] Received Date: October 25, 2018; Accepted Date: November 15, 2018; Published Date: November 23, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Hartoko A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Based on UNESCO, Geopark is a defined area with a series of specific geological features, variety of endemic flora and fauna aimed for local and regional educational and economic development. Several areas in Indonesia had been designated as geopark and one of them is at Bangka Belitung Province by Indonesian Geopark Authority in 2017. -
The Belitung Shipwreck Controversy
The Newsletter | No.58 | Autumn/Winter 2011 The Network | 41 In 2005, Seabed Explorations, engaged by the Indonesian Not all experts critical of the commercial nature of the Belitung The Belitung government in 1998 to conduct the excavation, sold the bulk cargo’s excavation object to its exhibition. James Delgado, of the cargo to Singapore for US$32 million. Subsequently, director of the Maritime Heritage Program at the National the Singapore Tourism Board, the National Heritage Board Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, is one critic who argues Shipwreck of Singapore and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery collaborated to for a thoughtful exhibition that not only highlights the historical mount the exhibition Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon value of the exhibits, but also clearly indicates what cannot be Controversy Winds. After it opened in February this year at the ArtScience learned, interpreted or shared as a result of looting and contrasts Museum in Singapore, complaints by archaeologists, what non-commercial excavations have achieved in offering a Lu Caixia both within and outside the Smithsonian as well as museum more scientific approach. “I see such an exhibition as a tremend- associations, led to the postponement of the planned ous opportunity to educate and inspire discussion on the subject,” exhibition in Washington. They pointed out that the he said. Nevertheless, Delgado thinks that the debate is not Smithsonian is bound by an ethics statement specifying that simply about the Belitung. He said: “In many ways the questions members shall “not knowingly acquire or exhibit artefacts have more relevance in terms of discussing what happens with which have been stolen, illegally exported from their country new and important shipwreck discoveries in Indonesia. -
Riau Malay Food Culture in Pekanbaru, Riau Indonesia
Mardatillah et al. Journal of Ethnic Foods (2019) 6:3 Journal of Ethnic Foods https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-019-0005-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Riau Malay food culture in Pekanbaru, Riau Indonesia: commodification, authenticity, and sustainability in a global business era Annisa Mardatillah* , Sam’un Jaja Raharja, Bambang Hermanto and Tety Herawaty Abstract The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the commodification, authenticity, and sustainability of culinary legacy as an instance of intangible cultural legacy, as well as how to subsequently compete with excellence and sustainability in the midst of a modern, global era of business without the loss of authenticity value. Herein is revealed the application of true local culture amid commercialization and modernization, differentiating between the authenticity and that which is out-of-sorts with local identity. The controversy of contextualization, the discussion of what is necessary, and the commodification of traditional food, namely the traditional foods of Riau Malay, to respond to the demand of a global market, are areas of interest in this study, as well as how the traditional foods of Riau Malay may compete with excellence and sustainability in a global market while retaining its authenticity values. The methodology used in this research is qualitative phenomenological; the interviews were carried out from the informants who were cultural figures of Riau Malay, social figures, and business actors in the traditional Riau Malay food industry with resulting evidence that confirms the necessity of heritage value of traditional Riau Malay foods, commodification in the area of globalization, without necessitating any loss of authenticity elements. -
Religious Specificities in the Early Sultanate of Banten
Religious Specificities in the Early Sultanate of Banten (Western Java, Indonesia) Gabriel Facal Abstract: This article examines the religious specificities of Banten during the early Islamizing of the region. The main characteristics of this process reside in a link between commerce and Muslim networks, a strong cosmopolitism, a variety of the Islam practices, the large number of brotherhoods’ followers and the popularity of esoteric practices. These specificities implicate that the Islamizing of the region was very progressive within period of time and the processes of conversion also generated inter-influence with local religious practices and cosmologies. As a consequence, the widespread assertion that Banten is a bastion of religious orthodoxy and the image the region suffers today as hosting bases of rigorist movements may be nuanced by the variety of the forms that Islam took through history. The dominant media- centered perspective also eludes the fact that cohabitation between religion and ritual initiation still composes the authority structure. This article aims to contribute to the knowledge of this phenomenon. Keywords: Islam, Banten, sultanate, initiation, commerce, cosmopolitism, brotherhoods. 1 Banten is well-known by historians to have been, during the Dutch colonial period at the XIXth century, a region where the observance of religious duties, like charity (zakat) and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), was stronger than elsewhere in Java1. In the Indonesian popular vision, it is also considered to have been a stronghold against the Dutch occupation, and the Bantenese have the reputation to be rougher than their neighbors, that is the Sundanese. This image is mainly linked to the extended practice of local martial arts (penca) and invulnerability (debus) which are widespread and still transmitted in a number of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). -
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This Chapter Presents Five Subtopics
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents five subtopics, namely; research background, research questions, research objective, research limitation and research significance. 1.1 Research Background Language is essentially a speech of the mind and feeling of human beings on a regular basis, which uses sound as a tool (Ministry of National Education, 2005: 3). Language is a structure and meaning that is free from its users, as a sign that concludes a goal (HarunRasyid, Mansyur&Suratno 2009: 126). Language is a particular kind of system that is used to transfer the information and it is an encoding and decoding activity in order to get information (Seken, 1992). The number of languages in the world varies between (6,000-7,000) languages. However, the right estimates depend on arbitrary changes between various languages and dialects. Natural language is sign language but each language can be encoded into a second medium using audio, visual, or touch stimuli, for example, in the form of graphics, braille, or whistles. This is because human language is an independent modality. All languages depend on a symbiotic process to connect signals with certain meanings. In Indonesia there are many very beautiful cities and many tribes that have different languages and are very interesting to learn. One of the cities to be studied is Banyuwangi Regency. Banyuwangi Regency is a district of East Java province in Indonesia. This district is located in the easternmost part of Java Island. Banyuwangi is separated by the Bali Strait from Bali. Banyuwangi City is the administrative capital. The name Banyuwangi is the Javanese language for "fragrant water", which is connected with Javanese folklore on the Tanjung. -
Integration and Conflict in Indonesia's Spice Islands
Volume 15 | Issue 11 | Number 4 | Article ID 5045 | Jun 01, 2017 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Integration and Conflict in Indonesia’s Spice Islands David Adam Stott Tucked away in a remote corner of eastern violence, in 1999 Maluku was divided into two Indonesia, between the much larger islands of provinces – Maluku and North Maluku - but this New Guinea and Sulawesi, lies Maluku, a small paper refers to both provinces combined as archipelago that over the last millennia has ‘Maluku’ unless stated otherwise. been disproportionately influential in world history. Largely unknown outside of Indonesia Given the scale of violence in Indonesia after today, Maluku is the modern name for the Suharto’s fall in May 1998, the country’s Moluccas, the fabled Spice Islands that were continuing viability as a nation state was the only place where nutmeg and cloves grew questioned. During this period, the spectre of in the fifteenth century. Christopher Columbus Balkanization was raised regularly in both had set out to find the Moluccas but mistakenly academic circles and mainstream media as the happened upon a hitherto unknown continent country struggled to cope with economic between Europe and Asia, and Moluccan spices reverse, terrorism, separatist campaigns and later became the raison d’etre for the European communal conflict in the post-Suharto presence in the Indonesian archipelago. The transition. With Yugoslavia’s violent breakup Dutch East India Company Company (VOC; fresh in memory, and not long after the demise Verenigde Oost-indische Compagnie) was of the Soviet Union, Indonesia was portrayed as established to control the lucrative spice trade, the next patchwork state that would implode. -
From 'Piracy' to Inter-Regional Trade: the Sunda Straits Zone, C. 1750-1800
> Maritime piracy From ‘piracy’ to inter-regional trade: the Sunda Straits zone, c. 1750-1800 Incessant ‘piracy’ in the Sunda Straits Zone in the second half of the eighteenth century Theme > was tied to the expanding Canton trade. Bugis, Iranun, Malay, Chinese and English Trade patterns traders were directly or indirectly involved in the plunder of pepper, a profitable Although the Dutch continuously and English country traders were able to commodity to exchange for tea in Canton. Their activities accelerated the demise of the attempted to prevent raiding, their bring large amounts of pepper to Can- already malfunctioning Dutch East India Company trading system and the emergence of efforts proved ineffective. Dutch ships ton: fifty to ninety per cent of all the pep- a new order in Southeast Asian trade. could not catch up with those of the per transported by European traders. raiders, as the latter could move faster Ota Atsushi Dutch trading system. This is why a cer- tions to Lampung. Stimulated by these with their sailing and rowing tech- The growing Canton trade and its tain proportion of the pepper had to be groups, Chinese, Bugis, Malay, and niques. It was also difficult to find the demand for Southeast Asian products The declining Dutch collected by way of ‘piracy’ and ‘smug- Palembang raiders also intensified their raiders hidden in small inlets and on the transformed the maritime trade in the trading system gling’.2 activities. many islands in the area. Archipelago in the second half of the Since their arrival in Java towards the eighteenth century. Demand for prod- end of the sixteenth century, the Dutch Raiding Raiders’ plundering seriously impacted A new pattern in ucts ‘banned’ by the VOC fuelled ‘pira- attempted to establish an exclusive trad- The Chinese demand for pepper made on the pepper trade in the Archipelago. -
Mantle Structure and Tectonic History of SE Asia
Nature and Demise of the Proto-South China Sea ROBERT HALL, H. TIM BREITFELD SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom Abstract: The term Proto-South China Sea has been used in a number of different ways. It was originally introduced to describe oceanic crust that formerly occupied the region north of Borneo where the modern South China Sea is situated. This oceanic crust was inferred to have been Mesozoic, and to have been eliminated by subduction beneath Borneo. Subduction was interpreted to have begun in Early Cenozoic and terminated in the Miocene. Subsequently the term was also used for inferred oceanic crust, now disappeared, of quite different age, notably that interpreted to have been subducted during the Late Cretaceous below Sarawak. More recently, some authors have considered that southeast-directed subduction continued until much later in the Neogene than originally proposed, based on the supposition that the NW Borneo Trough and Palawan Trough are, or were recently, sites of subduction. Others have challenged the existence of the Proto-South China Sea completely, or suggested it was much smaller than envisaged when the term was introduced. We review the different usage of the term and the evidence for subduction, particularly under Sabah. We suggest that the term Proto-South China Sea should be used only for the slab subducted beneath Sabah and Cagayan between the Eocene and Early Miocene. Oceanic crust subducted during earlier episodes of subduction in other areas should be named differently and we use the term Paleo- Pacific Ocean for lithosphere subducted under Borneo in the Cretaceous.