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Tinjauan Historis Hubungan Banten-Lampung Pada Tahun 1525-1619

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Tinjauan Historis Hubungan Banten-Lampung Pada Tahun 1525-1619 TINJAUAN HISTORIS HUBUNGAN BANTEN-LAMPUNG PADA TAHUN 1525-1619 Mulianti, Ali Imron, Wakidi FKIP Unila : Jln. Soemantri Brojonegoro, no. 1 Bandar Lampung Telepon (0721) 704 947 faximile (0721) 704 624 e-mail : [email protected] 085269655548 The collapses of Malacca to Portuguese, the centre of trades in Southeast Asia moved to the northen part of Indonesia (Aceh) and some of them moved to the southern part of Indonesia (Banten). One of the famous port in our archipelago, namely the Port of Banten. Since the development of the economic activities, Banten expands its territory to the famous pepper producer, namely Lampung. The writer used the historical research method incorporated data collection techniques through technical literature and documentation, and the technique for this research is data analysis and qualitative research. The result shown that Banten-Lampung have a strong relationship and both of them are need edach other. It means that if there was no Lampung, there were no peppirs, and without peppirs there was no Banten. Therefore, Banten- Lampung have the economic system and social cultural relationship which is very important to the development for their areas. Jatuhnya Malaka ke tangan Portugis, mengakibatkan pergeseran pusat perdagangan di Asia Tenggara yang sebagian ke arah utara (Aceh) dan sebagian ke arah selatan (Banten).Salah satu pelabuhan yang terkenal di Nusantara yaitu Pelabuhan Banten. Seiring dengan perkembangan kegiatan ekonominya, Banten mengembangkan kegiatan ekonominya ke daerah Lampung yang sudah lama terkenal dengan ladanya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian historis dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui teknik kepustakaan dan dokumentasi.Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis dan kualitatif. Hasil dan pembahasan bahwasannya Banten- Lampung memiliki ikatan kekerabatan yang sangat kuat dan hubungan saling membutuhkan satu sama lain, dengan istilah tanpa Lampung tak akan ada lada, tanpa lada tak akan ada Banten. Kesimpulannya bahwa Banten-Lampung memiliki hubungan sistem ekonomi, sosial dan budaya yang sangat penting untuk kemajuan daerah keduanya. Kata kunci: budaya,hubungan ekonomi,sosial PENDAHULUAN hingga ke Laut Tengah. Jalur ini juga Nusantara adalah sebuah wilayah yang berhubungan dengan jalan-jalan yang telah berkembang menjadi wilayah dipergunakan oleh Kafilah India. Jalur ini perdagangan internasional, karena sudah merupakan jalur paling tua yang memiliki perniagaan regional dan menghubungkan antara Cina dan Eropa. internasional, adanya kontrol terhadap labour 2. Jalur perniagaan melalui laut yang dan hasil tanah serta sudah memilki legitimasi dimulai dari Cina melalui laut Cina kekuasaan raja-raja di masing-masing wilayah kemudian selat Malaka, Calicut (India), yang ada di Nusantara. Kedatangan Bangsa lalu ke Teluk Persia melalui Syam Barat,pada saat itu terdapat dua jalur (Syuria) sampai ke Laut Tengah atau perniagaan internasional yang dilakukan oleh melalui Laut Merah sampai ke Mesir lalu para pedagang, yaitu: menuju Laut Tengah. 1. Jalur perniagaan melalui darat atau lebih (http:/id.shuoong.com/humanitie/history/ dikenal dengan “jalur sutra” (silk road) 2181544) yang dimulai dari daratan Tiongkok Melalui jalur perniagaan laut komoditi (Cina) melalui Asia Tengah, Turkistan ekspor dari wilayah Nusantara menyebar di pasaran India dan Kekaisaran Romawi dan Palembang sedangkan produksi ladanya (Byzantium) yang terus menyebar ke wilayah sendiri sebenarnya kurang berarti” (Sartono Eropa. Komoditi ekspor tersebut antara lain Kartodirjo 1989: 68). terdiri atas rempah-rempah, kayu wangi, Banten merupakan kota pusat pemerintah kapur barus dan kemenyan. Kerajaan Islam dan pusat perdagangan lokal, Jatuhnya Malaka ke tangan Portugis interlokal maupun internasional yang pada tahun 1511 mengakibatkan pergeseran sekaligus juga sebagai kota konsumtif dan pusat perdagangan di Asia Tenggara yang produktif yaitu pusat ibadah, pusat sebagian ke Arah Utara (Aceh) dan sebagian administrasi dan perdagangan (Halwany lagi ke Selatan (Banten). Michrob, 1989: 36). Akibat dari penaklukan Malaka oleh Portugis Seiring dengan peningkatan kegiatan pada tahun 1511 maka jalan dagang yang ekonomi yang mendatangkan kemakmuran semula dari laut Jawa ke Utara melalui Selat sekaligus kekuatan negara, Kesultanan Banten Karimata pindah melalui Selat Sunda, setahap demi setahap berupaya memperluas perpindahan jalan dagang itu adalah akibat wilayah untuk kegiatan ekonominya ke permusuhan antara pedagang–pedagang Islam daerah sekitarnya yang dipandang dapat dengan Portugis (A. Hasymy, 1981: 286-287). menguntungkan perekonomian dan suatu Salah satu pelabuhan yang terkenal di waktu membahayakan eksistensi negara. Nusantara yaitu Banten, karena Banten Salah satu komoditi ekspor yang banyak termasuk pelabuhan yang sudah memiliki tiga diminati pada saat itu adalah lada, naik faktor penting di dalamnya yang membuat turunnya harga komoditi ekspor seperti lada Banten menjadi wilayah perdagangan ini mendapatkan pengaruh dari kebijaksanaan internasional. Banten merupakan salah satu harga yang ditentukan oleh pihak kerajaan. propinsi yang terletak di ujung Pulau Jawa, Tingginya permintaan lada di pasar membuat pada perkembangan sejarahnya Banten, Banten mendapatkan keuntungan yang Banten merupakan salah satu daerah yang berlipat ganda. Hal ini mendorong Banten berada di bawahkekuasan Kerajaan Sunda, mengadakan ekspansi ke daerah–daerah yang terletak di Pesisir Utara bagian barat, penghasil lada seperti Lampung, Selebar dan kemudian Banten berhasil direbut oleh Bengkulu untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar. Kerajaan Demak. Ekspansi Demak ke Jawa Abad ke -15 Banten mulai menjalin Barat dimulai dengan ekspedisi Syekh hubungan kerjasama dan memperluaskan Nurullah atau Fatahillah, yang berhasil kegiatan ekonominya ke daerah Lampung. berturut–turut mendirikan Kerajaan Cirebon Lampung pada saat itu (abad ke XV), bukan dan Banten. merupakan suatu kerajaan atau suatu kesatuan Dengan demikian pada tahun 1525 daerah yang dikuasai oleh seorang raja atau berdirilah Kerajaan Banten menjadi salah satu ratu, yang ada hanyalah kesatuan–kesatuan Kerajaan Islam di Pulau Jawa selain sebagai kemasyarakatan kecil yang disebut pelabuhan jalan sutra atau pusat perdagangan kebuayaan. Daerah Lampung, ketika itu Nusantara. Banten di bawah pimpinan pemerintahannya masing–masing dipegang Fatahillah atau Syahrif Hidayatullah (tahun oleh Kepala Adat Kekerabatan. “Kebuayaan 1525-1552) merupakan salah seorang ulama merupakan tempat pemusatan berkumpulnya yang peranannya cukup besar kerabat yang berasal dari satu pertalian darah dalampenyebaran Agama Islam khususnya di atau keturunan” (Hilman Hadikusuma, 1989: Pulau Jawa. 140). Terpencarnya masyarakat dalam Perkembangan ekonomi Banten cukup kekerabatan yang kecil ini sebenarnya cepat karena selain letaknya yang strategis memudahkan Banten untuk menanamkan juga banyak menarik komoditi rempah– pengaruhnya di Lampung. Perluasan daerah rempah dari berbagai daerah ke pelabuhannya untuk meningkatkan kegiatan ekonominya, untuk diekspor, hal ini membuat Banten yang dilakukan Banten itu bersamaan dengan semakin dikenal. “Banten menarik mempererat hubungan kekerabatan dan perdagangan lada dari Indrapura, Lampung penyebaran Agama Islam. Sultan Hasanuddin bersama Ratu Balo keluar masuknya kapal-kapal dagang dan Ki Jonglo melakukan perjalanan ke kepelabuhannya. Lampung, Indrapura, Selebar dan Bengkulu. Pengertian Sosial Budaya merupakan Raja Indrapura mempersembahkan seorang proses asimilasi yaitu proses perubahan anak perempuannya.Perkawinan Hasanuddin budaya antara dua masyarakat atau lebih dengan puteri Raja Indrapura mendapatkan secara perlahan dan lama sekali (Irwan seorang anak Laki-laki yang bernama Julianto, 2009: 16). Banten yang memiliki Pangeran Wetan. Sebelumnya Fatahillah ayah pengaruh besar dalam kehidupan ekonomi dari Sultan Hasanuddin sudah melakukan Lampung, berpengaruh juga terhadap terlebih dahulu perkawinan politik dengan kehidupan sosial dan budaya Lampung. Dari putri dari Minak Raja Jalan dari Keratuan sistem kehidupan pemerintahan, sistem Puggung yang bernama Putri kepercayaan dan sistem pengetahuannya Sinar Alam. Hubungan kekerabatan yang semua itu didapat karena adanya sumbangsih terjalin antara Banten-Lampungtersebut diukir dari Banten. Kekuasaan Banten di Lampung di sebuah piagam yang diberi nama Piagam secara tidak langsung semakin mudahnya Kuripan. Banten untuk mempengaruhi kehidupan yang Ekonomi adalah pengetahuan ada di Lampung untuk mengikuti semua mengenai asas-asas penghasilan produksi, aturan yang dibuat oleh Banten. distribusi, pemasaran dan pemakaian barang Hubungan adalah kesinambungan atau jasa serta kekayaan.Menurut Michel P. interaksi antara duaorang atau lebih yang Todaro Ekonomi adalah ilmu sosial yang memudahkan proses pengenalan satu akan berhubungan dengan orang dan sistem sosial, yang lain. Hubungan terjadi dalam setiap dengan sistem itu ekonomi mengatur segala proses kehidupanmanusia. Hubungan kegiatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pokok merupakan salah satu aktivitas manusia yang (makanan, pakaian, dan perumahan), dan sudah berlangsung sejak zaman prasejarah. kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang non-materi Walaupun pada waktu itu dapat dikatakan (pendidiakan, pengetahuan dan kebutuhan belum dikenal adanya perdagangan, namun lainnya) (Michel.P.Todaro dan Mohammad aktivitas hubungan dapat dikatakan sebagai Saubari 1983).Banten yang terletak di ujung bentuk perilaku ekonomi yang merupakan barat pesisir utara Pulau Jawa, Banten pernah awal terjadinya perdagangan.Hubungan menjadi
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