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TINJAUAN HISTORIS PERJANJIAN LAMPUNG-BANTEN YANG MENGHASILKAN PIAGAM KURIPAN TAHUN 1552 Riza Fitriani, Iskandar Syah, Muhammad B

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TINJAUAN HISTORIS PERJANJIAN LAMPUNG-BANTEN YANG MENGHASILKAN PIAGAM KURIPAN TAHUN 1552 Riza Fitriani, Iskandar Syah, Muhammad B TINJAUAN HISTORIS PERJANJIAN LAMPUNG-BANTEN YANG MENGHASILKAN PIAGAM KURIPAN TAHUN 1552 Riza Fitriani, Iskandar Syah, Muhammad Basri FKIP Unila Jalan Prof. Dr. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung 35145 Telepon (0721) 704 947 faximile (0721) 704 624 e-mail : [email protected] Hp. 082175781811 Abstract: Historical Review of Lampung-Banten Treaty for Resulting Kuripan Charter in 1552. The aim of this study was to find out the background of Lampung-Banten agreement which resulted the Kuripan charter in 1552. The researcher used historical method in this study. Based on the qualitative data analysis, it could be concluded that there were some aspects which influenced the Lampung-Banten agreement which resulted Kuripan charter in 1552. (1). Economy background; Lampung and Banten as pepper producing regions had close economical relationship, because at that time ruler of Banten claimed Lampung as the biggest pepper producing region. (2). Politics background; it started by territorial expansion in some regions which was done by Banten as political relationship that was formed by Banten. (3). Religion background; Banten which had a mission in spreading Islam in Lampung, began with interactions and associates with people there that professed other religions such as Hindu, Budha, and Animism. Keywords: historical review, Lampung-Banten treaty, Kuripan charter Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah latar belakang terjadinya perjanjian Lampung-Banten yang menghasilkan piagam Kuripan pada tahun 1552. Peneliti menggunakan metode historis pada penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisis data secara kualitatif, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa hal yang melatar belakangi perjanjian Lampung-Banten yang menghasilkan piagam Kuripan pada tahun 1552. (1). Latar belakang ekonomi; Lampung dan Banten yang merupakan daerah penghasil lada memiliki hubungan ekonomi yang cukup erat, karena pada saat itu penguasa Banten mengklaim daerah produsen lada yang besar yakni Lampung. (2). Latar belakang politik; dimulai dengan adanya ekspansi teritorial ke daerah-daerah yang dilakukan Banten merupakan hubungan politik yang mulai dibangun oleh Banten. (3). Latar belakang agama; Banten yang membawa misi untuk menyebarkan agama Islam ke daerah Lampung, mulai melakukan interaksi dan bergaul dengan penduduk setempat yang masih menganut agama lain seperti Hindu, Budha dan Animisme. Kata kunci: perjanjian lampung-banten, piagam kuripan, tinjauan historis PENDAHULUAN bangsa Eropa, seperti Bangsa Kesultanan Banten merupakan Portugis, Inggris maupun Belanda, sebuah Kerajaan Islam yang pernah membuat minat terhadap rempah- berdiri di Provinsi Banten, Indonesia. rempah makin meningkat, maka Banten juga dikenal dengan Banten kunjungan Bangsa Eropa ke Girang yang merupakan bagian dari Pelabuhan Banten juga semakin Kerajaan Sunda. Kedatangan meningkat dan menyebabkan pasukan Kerajaan Demak di bawah semakin menipisnya persediaan lada pimpinan Maulana Hasanuddin ke di Banten. Oleh karena itu Banten kawasan tersebut selain untuk membutuhkan pasokan lada yang perluasan wilayah juga sekaligus lebih banyak sehingga Banten mulai mulai menyebarkan dakwah Islam. memasok lada dari daerah Lampung. Dipicu oleh adanya kerja sama Thomas Van Son yang Sunda-Portugis dalam bidang laporannya dikutip oleh John Talens ekonomi & politik, hal ini dianggap merupakan seorang pengamat dapat membahayakan kedudukan Kerajaan Banten, yang mengatakan Kerajaan Demak selepas kekalahan bahwa: “Masuknya lada hitam ke mereka mengusir Portugis dari dalam Pelabuhan Banten sekitar 80% Malaka tahun 1513. datang dari Lampung, sedang sisanya Berawal sekitar tahun 1526, dari pedalaman Banten sendiri”(M. ketika Kerajaan Demak memperluas Arifin Nitipradjo Tegamon,2010;9). pengaruhnya ke kawasan pesisir Sultan Maulana Hasanudin barat Pulau Jawa, Maulana berhasil mendirikan Kerajaan Islam Hasanuddin, putera Sunan Gunung di Banten sehingga masyarakat Jati berperan dalam penaklukan Banten yang saat itu berada di bawah tersebut, setelah penaklukan tersebut kepemimpinannya mulai memeluk Maulana Hasanuddin mendirikan agama Islam. benteng pertahanan yang dinamakan Sultan Maulana Hasanudin Surosowan, yang kemudian hari merupakan putra pertama dari menjadi pusat pemerintahan setelah pernikahan Fatahillah dengan putri Banten menjadi kesultanan yang Kawung Anten, kemudian berdiri sendiri dengan menaklukan diangkatlah Sultan Maulana beberapa kawasan pelabuhan Hasanudin untuk menjadi Sultan kemudian menjadikannya sebagai pertama yang memimpin Banten, pangkalan militer serta kawasan Pada tahun ± 1550 M Sultan perdagangan. Pada tahun 1527 Maulana Hasanudin berhasil Banten merupakan daerah yang mendirikan Kerajaan Islam di Banten cukup penting di Nusantara, sebagai yang sangat terkenal di Pulau Jawa daerah perdagangan rempah-rempah. dan sekitarnya. Banten sudah menjadi kota Sejak zaman kependudukan yang diperhitungkan, dilihat dari Belanda Sultan Hasanuddin mulai pentingnya kedudukan Banten dalam menyadari pentingnya kedudukan bidang perdagangan rempah-rempah Banten dalam hal perniagaan. di Nusantara pada saat itu. Seiring dengan peningkatan Sebagai daerah pemasok kegiatan ekonomi yang rempah-rempah terbesar yang mendatangkan kemakmuran dan juga dijadikan komoditi unggulan dan kekuatan negara, maka Kesultanan sangat dibutuhkan oleh bangsa- Banten setahap demi setahap berupaya memperluas wilayah hubungan perdagangan yang saling kekuasaan ke daerah sekitar menguntungkan. Perluasan daerah kesultanan yang dianggap dapat kekuasaan yang dilakukan oleh menguntungkan perekonomian, Kesultanan Banten tidak semata- terutama dalam bidang perdagangan mata dilakukan untuk memperluas rempah-rempah yang pada saat itu wilayah melainkan sebuah usaha banyak diminati oleh pasar dunia. untuk dapat melakukan penyebaran Awalnya Sultan Maulana Agama Islam. Hasanuddin merencanakan untuk “Banten merupakan kota pusat memperluas perkebunan lada ke arah pemerintahan Kerajaan Islam dan timur namun dikarenakan saat itu pusat perdagangan lokal, interlokal daerah tersebut masih dikuasai oleh maupun internasional yang sekaligus Raja Padjajaran dan Sultan Cirebon juga sebagai kota konsumtif dan jadi sangat kecil kemungkinan untuk produktif yaitu pusat ibadah, pusat memperluas daerah kekuasaan ke administrasi atau tempat pendidikan arah timur, sehingga Sultan Maulana dan tempat kerajinan Hasanuddin memutuskan untuk perdagangan”(Halwany Michrob, memperluas perkebunan lada dengan 1989:36). menyeberangi Selat Sunda menuju Sejarah hubungan Lampung Daerah Sumatera yakni Lampung. dan Banten juga tercatat dalam buku Daerah Lampung yang kuno Lampung yakni buku Kuntara letaknya berhadapan dengan Banten Raja Niti yang menyebutkan bahwa dan merupakan daerah yang pertama si Pandan anak dari Ratu kali didatangi Belanda, membuat Pemanggilan/Umpu Serunting Lampung menjadi pusat perhatian (beranak 6 orang) menghilang dikarenakan saat itu Lampung ternyata muncul di Banten merupakan daerah penghasil lada keturunannya/Buai Pandan bersama yang terkenal. Lada merupakan dengan kebuaian lain membantu rempah-rempah yang dibutuhkan Banten dari keturunannya/Buai oleh dunia barat dan merupakan Pandan sewaktu menaklukkan komoditi rempah yang mahal. karena Pakuan di Jawa Barat. itulah Lampung merupakan daerah Hubungan perdagangan dari incaran Belanda pada saat itu, namun hasil bumi ini terus berlanjut dan Belanda tidak dapat berhubungan berkembang. Pada akhirnya Sultan langsung dengan penguasa di Maulana Hasanudin yang merupakan Lampung karena Daerah Lampung Sultan pertama Kerajaan Banten masih merupakan daerah pengaruh mulai menyebarkan Agama Islam di Banten. daerah Lampung. Sementara itu Hubungan perdagangan dengan mulailah rakyat Banten ber-imigrasi Daerah Lampung ini dilakukan ke Daerah Lampung, untuk mencari terutama dalam komoditi rempah- lahan dan sumber penghasilan rempah seperti lada dan sebagainya. kebanyakan dari mereka Hubungan ini dikarenakan Lampung mengusahakan perkebunan lada dan merupakan penghasil lada hitam penjualannya. Menurut Husin Sayuti yang cukup terkenal pada saat itu, menyatakan bahwa: sehingga Banten yang pada saat itu “Penduduk Lampung sampai merupakan daerah pemasok dan awal abad ke-20 semuanya beragama sumber terbesar lada melakukan Islam, hanya pendatang yang mulai datang sejak tahun 1905 yang lalu yang mempengaruhi kehidupan dikenal sebagai kolonisasi, sudah ada di masa sekarang ataupun sebaliknya yang beragama Kristen” (Husin untuk memahami kejadian di masa Sayuti, 1985:14). sekarang yang masih terdapat Banten cukup banyak hubungannya dengan kejadian masa memberikan pengaruh kepada para lalu. punyimbang adat (ketua-ketua adat) Metode penelitian historis Lampung untuk melakukan “adalah penyelidikan yang kritis perpindahan ke Banten. Semua itu terhadap keadaan-keadaan merupakan tanda akan pengakuan perkembangan serta pengalaman masyarakat Lampung terhadap dimasa lampau dan menimbang hubungan persahabatan dengan secara cukup teliti dan hati-hati Banten dan sebagai tanda pengakuan tentang bukti validitas dari sumber masyarakat Banten terhadap sejarah serta interpretasi dari Lampung maka Sultan Banten sumber-sumber keterangan tersebut” memberikan piagam kepada para Muhammad Nazir (1983:55). pemimpin daerah Lampung, Dari pendapat ahli yang dalung/tamra yaitu piagam yang berpendapat mengenai metode ditulis di atas lempengan tembaga. historis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Piagam ini ditulis dengan Huruf yang dimaksud dengan metode Arab dan Huruf Lampung serta historis adalah suatu proses mempergunakan Bahasa Jawa pengumpulan
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