Chapter-Ill PROFILE OF , DISTRICT & TALUKA Co n t e n t s

3.1.1. INTRODUCTION:...... 62 3.1.2. HISTORY;...... 63 3.1.3. GEOGRAPHY;...... 64 3.1.4. CLIMATE;...... 64 3.1.5. DEMOGRAPHICS; ...... 65 3.1.6. INDUSTRY;...... 66 3.1.7. AGRICULTURE:...... 67 3.1.8. ECONOMY;...... 67 3.2.1. INTRODUCTION:...... 69 3.2.2. HISTORY:...... 69 3.2.3. LOCATION;...... 71 3.2.4. POPULATION:...... 73 3.2.5. WEATHER:...... 74 3.2.6. RAINFALL:...... 74 3.2.7. AGRICULTURE:...... 75 3.2.8. TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION:...... 76 3.2.9. RAILWAYS;...... 76 3.2.10. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS:...... 77 3.2.11. INDUSTRIES:...... 78 3.3.1. INTRODUCTION:...... 82 3.3.2. HISTORICAL GROWTH; 33 3.3.3. LOCATION OF MALEGAON; 3.3.4. GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT OF THE CITY; 3.3.5. CLIMATE AND WEATHER CONDITION; 3.3.6. TEMPERATURE; g^ 3.3.7. HUMIDITY: g^ 3.3.8. RAINFALL: g^ 3.3.9. DEMOGRAPHY: gg 3.3.10. DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION; gg 3.3.11. INFRASTRUCTURE;...... 89 3.3.11.1. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM:...... 90 3.3.11.2. ELECTRICITY SUPPLY FOR STREET LIGHTING FROM MSEB:...... 91 3.3.11.3. TRANSPORTATION:...... 91 3.3.11.4. RAILWAYS;...... 92 3.3.12. HEALTH AND MEDICAL FACILITIES:...... 92 3.3.13. BANKING FACILITIES;...... 92 Chapter-Ill PROFILE OF MAHARASHTRA, & MALEGAON TALUKA

Section - I PROFILE OF MAHARASHTRA

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61 3.1.1. INTRODUCTION: The word Maharashtra comes from the words Maha meaning Great and Rashtra meaning Nation. It is the second most populous and third largest state by area in It is most urbanised and industrialized state in India. The State of Maharashtra has the largest economy in the country. The state rank’s first in the share of GDP, contributes over 9% (9.4% in 2006-2007). Maharashtra spans an area of 3,08,000 sq km.

The land situated in the north centre of Indian peninsula is bordered by the states of , , , , and Goa. The forms the western coast of the state. The capital city , also the biggest city of India is the second largest producer of films in the world. The cosmopolitan style of living of the people makes it a world class city.

The state is highly urbanized - 42 per cent of the population lives in cities - and it is high on literacy with 77 per cent of the population above seven years being literate. Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra is also called as the Business Capital of India is the industrial hub of the state. Major industries of Maharashtra are textiles, automobiles and chemicals etc. Marathi is the official state language

Maharashtra's Economic Survey in Figures - 2009, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,

Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai http://www.maharashtraonline.in

62 3.1.2. HISTORY:

The name Maharashtra first appeared in a 7th century inscription and in the account of a contemporary Chinese traveller, Hsuan Tsang. According to one view, Maharashtra derives its name from the word "maharathi" (great chariot driver), which refers to a skilful northern fighting force that migrated southward into the area. The group's language, intermingled with the speech of the earlier Naga settlers, became Maharashtri, and this by the 8th century developed into Marathi. There was also a continuous influx of people from remote Greece and Central Asia.®®

Shivaji Bhosle, the founder of the , did a lifelong struggle against the Mughals. By 1680, the year of 's death, nearly the whole of Deccan belonged to his empire. Shivaji was a great warrior and one of the finest rulers of India, so he holds the highest place in Maratha history. 1680 to 1707 is known as the period of instability in the . (1712-1721), Bajirao (1721-1740), Nanasaheb Peshwa (1740-1761), 'Thorale' Madhaorao Peshwa (1761-1772, Narayanrao Peshwa (1772-1773), 'Sawai' Madhaorao Peshwa (1774-1795) and 'Second' Bajirao Peshwa - 1795 to 1802 were the other important rulers of Maharashtra.

http://www.msmedimumbai.gov.in Retrieved on 18.06.2010

63 The fall of fort in 1803 marked the end oj Indian rule and supremacy of British in Deccan, In 1804 General Wellesley proclaimed the Deccan in a state of chaos, established military rule and the remained rulers for namesake.

After Independence, Bombay continued as one state consisting of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Under the Bombay Re-organization Act, 1960 Maharashtra and Gujarat were formed into separate states on May 1, 1960, Maharashtra retaining the old capital Bombay (now renamed as Mumbai).

3.1.3. GEOGRAPHY: Maharashtra is the third-largest state of India, both in area and population. Its coastline is 330 miles (530 km) long along the Arabian Sea. Rice is the dominant crop of the state, but cashews, mangoes, vegetable cotton, oilseeds, and tobacco are also important. Forests comprising only 17% of the state area cover the eastern region and the Sahyadri Range.

3.1.4. CLIMATE:

The state enjoys a tropical monsoon climate; the hot scorching summer from March onwards yields to the rainy monsoon in early June. The rich green cover of the monsoon

http://www.maharashtra.gov.in (Govt, of Maharashtra) Retrieved on 19.06.2010

64 season persists during the mild winter that follows through an unpleasant October transition, but turns into a dusty, barren brown as the summer sets in again. The seasonal rains from the western sea-clouds are very heavy and the rainfall is over 400 cm, on the Sahyadrian crests. The on the windward side is also endowed with heavy rainfall, declining northwards. East of the Sahyadri, the rainfall diminishes to a meagre 70 cm. in the western plateau districts, with - Ahmednagar lying in the heart of the dry zone. The rains increase slightly, later in the season, eastwards in the and regions,

3.1.5. DEMOGRAPHICS: As per the 2001 census, Maharashtra has a population of 96,752,247 inhabitants making it the second most populous state in India. The Marathi-speaking population of Maharashtra numbers 62,481,681 according to the 2001 census. This is a reflection of the cosmopolitan nature of the state. Its density is 322.5 inhabitants per square kilometre. Males constitute 50.3 million and females, 46.4 million. Maharashtra's urban population stands at 42.4%. Its sex ratio is 922 females to 1000 males. 77.27% of its population is literate, broken into 86.2% males and 67.5% females. Its growth rate during 1991-2001 was pegged at 22.57%J^

™ http://www.maharashtraweb.com/Maharashtra/Geography.asp Retrieved on 21.06.2010

^’http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Retrieved on 01.06.2010 65 3.1.6. INDUSTRY : Maharashtra is India's leading industrial state contributing 13% of national industrial output. 64.14% of the people are employed in agriculture and allied activities. Almost 46% of the GSDP is contributed by industry. Maharashtra has had an immense tradition in textiles and Mumbai city was the original home of India's textile mills. Other centres of weaving have come up like Malegaon and . Sugar Industry has made considerable progress especially in the co-operative sector. Maharashtra is well- known for the development of sugar industry on co-operative lines in which the farmers acquire a share in the sugar mills. Pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, heavy chemicals, electronics, automobiles, engineering, food processing, and plastics are some of the major industries of the state. Maharashtra is renowned for the production of 3 wheelers, jeeps, commercial vehicles and cars, synthetic fibres, cold rolled products and industrial alcohol. Small scale industries have also come up in a big way in the state. The state capital Mumbai is called as an industrial city. Industrial development in the state is largely concentrated in Mumbai. The six important industries in the district are cotton textiles, chemicals, machinery, electrical, transport and metallurgy.

66 3.1.7. AGRICULTURE :

Although Maharashtra is a highly industrialized state of India, agriculture continues to be the main occupation of the state. Principal crops include rice, jowar, bajra, , pulses, turmeric, onions, cotton, and several oil seeds including groundnut, sunflower and soyabean. The state has huge areas, under fruit cultivation of which mangoes, bananas, grapes, and oranges are the main ones. Irrigation facilities are being extended so that agriculture could be made less dependent upon rain water. The net irrigated area totals 33,500 square kilometres.

3.1.8. ECONOMY: Industry is the backbone of Maharashtra's economy. The state alone accounts for 23% of country’s entire income. Mumbai, the capital is the hub of the country’s textile mills. Other notable centres of weaving are Malegaon & Bhiwandi.

The State of Maharashtra has the largest economy in the country. Its Gross Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices stood at ?"3,71,877 Crore in the year 2004-05. The State roughly accounted for 13 per cent of the national income. It had the fifth highest per capita income in the country at ^36,423.72

http.y/wvvw.cmie.com [Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. ltd.) Retrieved on 20.06.2010

67 Pn »* **H 5(n(«i •

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(-H b Novonvr o CU (ej)i|8ejeqe|/y) Y ainHQ N >IIHSVN MIHSVN dO dVN 'Z’£ SHIlOId 3.2.1. INTRODUCTION: Nashik district is one of the oldest, historical, populous rich in culture 86 heritage, resourceful and colourful districts of Maharashtra.

Nashik history belongs to the epic age of our country. It is one of the important districts in revenue, resourceful in pilgrimage and agriculturally rich. It is also known as “Wine

Capital of I n d i a .

Nashik is located in the northwest of Maharashtra, 180 km from Mumbai and 202 km from . Nashik is the administrative headquarters of Nashik District and . Nashik, which has been referred to as the "Wine Capital of India", is located in the , on the western edge of the Deccan peninsula on the banks of the Godavari.

3.2.2. HISTORY: Nashik District has a very ancient history starting from the days of early Stone Age. The earliest period known from excavations is the early Bronze Age. The duration of the early Bronze Age is summarized by archaeologists to be from 1500- 1000 B.C.

"Nashik, the Whiskey capital of India", http://www.rediff.eom/money/2005/mar/16wine.htm.

Retrieved on 08.06.2010.

69 In Ramayana the Rama accomplished by his brother Lakshmana and wife Sita, meet Agastya on the bank of Godavari. The Saga presented him with a bow and two quivers and advised him to settle down at a place called Panchavati from the five great banana trees which grew there. Even now there are some caves near panchavati on the Godavari which go by the name of “Sita Gumpha”.'^"^

Coming to the historical period the Nashik District was under the control Emperor Ashoka. As the evidence from the inscription issued by the Dharmamahamatra of Ashoka has been found in the District of Vidarbha. After the Death of Emperor Ashoka, from Satvahanas to the Hala’s rule changes occurred with Nashik’s Rishika People () going through following rulers up to Kushana ruler who ruled along with Nashik, Poona, Kokan & some other districts of Maharashtra.

About 250 A.D. Satrahans were replaced by Abhiras. This was later known as Kalachuri-Chedi era. In this era Nashik was known as Trikuta. Nashik District’s history has been many rulers from Chalukyas to Yadavas until the mediavel period. After the conquest by string from Khilji in 1294 A.D. many battles and war followed by the Mughal rule until the Chhatrapati Shivaji revolted against Mughal rule in

"Official website of Nashik district", http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/history.htm. Retrieved on 19.06.2010.

70 1656-57. After the death of Shivaji in 1671, Mughals again took control. The Maratha Empire started around 1760 A.D. In 1792 Marathas had surrendered the British forces. During the Peshava, the Maratha Kingdom was divided into six territories of which Nashik was part of North Poona territory. The British period started from 1802 to 1947 in which many freedom struggle activities took place.

In post independence it was in 1960, after the reorganizing of states, Maharashtra was named and Nashik, as a part of Maharashtra like other districts, has now settled down to ever increasing development activities. The state of Maharashtra was established on l^t May 1960. In 1960 when the state of Maharashtra was recognized the state of Bombay was merged with Maharashtra as one of the District. On 20^^^ February 1981 Districts like Nashik, , and Ahemdnagar were included under the Nashik Division.

At the end of 2008-2009, Nashik District had a total of 15 Talukas and the 1931 Villages were divided into 15 Taluka group Development Blocks.

3.2.3. LOCATION: Nashik District lies between 19’35’ & 20’52’ North Latitude & 73’16 & 74’56’ east Longitude 15,582.0 Km2 (6015 Sq.Miles). It has a Rhomboidal shape with longer diagonal of

71 about 170 km from South-West to North-East and an extreme breadth of about 170 km from North to South.

Nashik District is bound on the North-West by Dangs and Districts of Gujarat State. On the North Side of the District is . On the Eastern part it is bounded by Jalgaon and District where as on the Southern side it is bounded by Ahemdnagar District and towards the South-West bounded by the District.

The district is mainly divided into three major geographical regions the down ghat Konkan track, the Girna basin and the Godavari basin.

The much dissected region lying to the west of the sahyadri edge of the in the district pertakes of the nature of the Konkan and may be described as down ghat Konkan track. Agriculture consists chiefly in planting rice in the valley and millets on the less precipitation hill slopes.

Girna basin lies to the east of the Sahyadrian scrap and north of satmalas. It constitutes mainly the basin of Tapi distributaries. As the topography is rugged, the soils are generally light, which respond well to irrigation. The rainfall in this region is least among the three regions. The most important town of this region is Malegaon.

Godavari basin in the third geographical region lies to the south of the Satmalas and east of the Sahyadris scrap. The

72 region is most prosperous and has villages at close intervals. This region is sub divided into four sub regions.

1) The Godawari Valley.

2) The region of lighter soils sloping away from the Satmalas towards the Godawari and drain by innumerable tributaries.

3) The upper Darna basin 85

4) Sinner Plateau.

3.2.4. POPULATION: As per the census study of population of Nashik District from 1951 to 2001 is shown below; TABLE 3.1 POPULATION OF NASHIK DISTRICT Year Population

1951 14.10 Lakh

1961 18.55 Lakh

1971 23.69 Lakh

1981 29.92 Lakh

1991 38.51 Lakh

2001 49.88 Lakh

Source: - Nashik District Gazette 2002 - 2003.

73 According to Census report of 2001 the total population was 49.88 Lakh.

3.2.5. WEATHER: From March to l^t half of June weather is dry 8& hot and summer season is experienced with temperatures ranging from 38°c to 42°c. Cold weather is experienced from December to February with temperature ranging from 12°c to 26°c. The south west monsoon starts from 2"^ half of June and continues up to September and is followed by post monsoon season in October and November.

The humidity, the air is very humid during the south west monsoon seasons the air is dry. In summer humidity is around 20% & 25%.

3.2.6. RAINFALL: The rain fall in Nashik District is under the influence of south west monsoon. However, its distribution all over the district is in a considerable degree, affected by the relief of the district. On the one hand the extreme west of the district receives maximum rainfall of 148 inches (average) in the central and eastern sectors of the district. The western talukas of the district is covered by the high hills and a rugged terrain. Taluka wise taluka receives the highest rain fall of 148 inches. The central part comprising Nashik, 74 , Baglan Dindori and Chandor talukas gets moderate rainfall of 40 inches while Sinner, , Nandgaon, Malegaon, talukas receives a scanty of deficient rainfall.

The average annual rainfall in the district is 1,034.5 mm (40.73”). About 88% of the annual rainfall is received during the south west monsoon between June and September. In 2008-2009 year the rainfall was 1190.65 mm.'^^

3.2.7. AGRICULTURE: The economy of Nashik district is primarily agrarian in character. 74% of the total population of the district is agriculturally based.

The Major Crops are Cereals, like Jowar, Wheat, Bajra, Nagli, Vari, Onion, Sugarcane, Hybrid, Wheat, Maize, Rice etc. Cereals from 61.01% of total crop while Pules from 38.99% the main pules are Gram, Horse-Gram, Black-Gram, Mug, Tur, Til, Vatana, Chavali, Cotton, Chillis, Spices, Deccan Hemp, Bombay Hemp, Grountnut, Sesamum, Mustard, Niger, Fruit like Grapes, Mango, Guava, Sweet Lime, Papaya, Pome­ granate, Vegetables like Onion, Potato, Tomato, Cabbage, Brinjal, Carrot, Fenugreek etc.

Nashik District Statistical Abstract, March 2009 Directorate of Economic and Statistics, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai.

75 3.2.8. TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION: Means of transport are the sine-quo for ushering in an era of economic development in any region. But for the communication facilities the progress in any aspect of the economic life of a community would be impossible. The development of means of transport has enabled the accomplishment of material progress by facilitating the transport of goods to distant markets, on the other hand, people of different ideas, castes, creed and residents of distant regions come together on one pretext or the other because of the facilities provided by the transport.

Nashik is advantageously situated and occupies a strategic position from the commercial point of view. Rail routes of national importance such as Bombay-Howrah, Bombay-Pathankot, Bombay- and also Bombay-Agra Road a National Highway pass through Nashik. Nashik is connected with district places such as Dhule, Aurangabad, Solapur, , Pune, Jalgaon, number of State Highways.

3.2.9. RAILWAYS: The entire major city linking railways routes, such as Bombay-Calcutta, Bombay-Delhi, Bombay-Nagpur railway lines pass through Nashik at Station. There is also another broad-gauge line in this district linking Pune-

76 , in Manmad. Manmad is a junction which links railway routes to -Mumbai, Nagpur-Pune and Pune- -Delhi routes. The District has a total of 287 kms of broad gauge of the Central Railways which pass through Nashik, Niphad, Nandgaon & Yeola Talukas.

3.2.10. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: Nashik has been slowly developing into a good educational centre and has started many new educational institutions of importance to give education of updated and competent international.

At the end of year 2008-2009, in the Nashik District there are a total of 3,394 Primary Schools, 872 Secondary Schools, 162 Higher Secondary Schools, 58 Arts Science & Commerce College. There is one Health University and Yeshwantrao Chavan Open University. In Nashik there are two big Educational Institutions namely Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir at Malegaon and Maratha Vidya Prasarak Mandal at Nashik.

Renowned institutions in Nashik:

• India Security Press (ISP) • Currency^Note Press (CNP) • Defence Ministries Fighter Plane (MIG) Production Unit HAL ( Hindustan Aeronautics Limited)

77 • Artillery Centre at • Thermal Power Station • Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute ( MERI ) • Maharashtra State Health University • Yashwantrao Chavan Mahrashtra open university ( YCMOU) • Maharashtra Police Academy ( MPA )

3.2.11. INDUSTRIES: In Nashik District industrial development has picked up the speed, particularly after declaration of a five-star mega industrial estate in block. There are 174 medium and large industrial units employing 75,834 people. Many reputed and large companies like Mahindra & Mhindra, MICO, Siemens, Crompton Greves, Kirloskar, Reymond steel, Jindal, Brook Bond, L 8& T, Ceat, VIP, Carbon Everflow, Garware, Jyoti Structures, Samsonite, Datar Switch Gears, Glaxo India etc. have established their units in the District. Prestigious project IDEM of Mahindra & Mahindra is established in Nashik very recently.

Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) has set up MIDC’s in the following Talukas of the district.

1. Nashik - Satpur & Ambad MIDC.

2. Sinnar - Malegaon MIDC.

78 3. Malegaon - MIDC.

By the end of March 2009, in Nashik District there were 1725 registered factories, out of which 1603 factories are running in production. 1 Co-operative Spinning Mills and 8 Sugar Factories were functioning.

In Nashik District the famous Powerloom industry is established in Malegaon City. The workers are engaged in cotton weaving and also polyester weaving power loom centres. Other than powerloom there are three large scale Cotton Ginning & Pressing units in the district.

On the small scale industries, handloom is also working in Malegaon and Yeola along with Sizing and Warping units. On the small scale many number of Tyre retreating, tool making and other workshops are established to help big industries with necessary accessories.

79 SECTION - III PROFILE OF MALEGAON Figure 3.3 MAP OF MALEGAON TALUKA

N MALEGAON Tahjrabad '| K N. /! ----Mumer° O----- A

■ V»ore Nampufi o Udma! Bhaitana ^Savarpadir S a t a n a Brahmangaon Desran S u r g a n a ^ ^atgarh O ^ K a l v a n Arabian . Kanasi ■ ^Lohoner Malegaon Sea ^Bahrc Chandkapur Saundane^ Umbrane Sarad^ ^Saplashmg ® Kumdha Chandvad ChodgaorP ^anasi f ^ v a n } ■ Shirale ?0" N a n d g a o n

^ ^^an, So^..a,r«*« > %aOd^ ^ ^ \ X < m s e j^ ^ Lasalgaon ^ ^ N tg a rs u l \ , ^ ^ ^ °\rmchur Yeola^^ ^

.S in n ar S^iarvar 0 « ^ Pangn j ' i # 0

Beale

Vasah Map notto»c«l» CopyhghI e 2008 Compare Infobase Ltd. Source : http://www.mapsofindia.com

80 Figure 3.4 MAP OF MALEGAON CITY

81 3.3.1. INTRODUCTION: Malegaon is a city of Nashik District of MahEirashtra, covering the area of 12.95 sq. km. Malegaon is 280 kms away from the state capital Mumbai. It is one of the largest cities in northwest Maharashtra. Is a major textile-producing centre and is famous for its powerlooms. It is located at the Mumbai- Agra national highway (NH-03). The town’s history and location appears to be the primary reason for its communally polarized profile. It was once a small junction known as ‘Maliwadi’ (hamlet of gardens) and quickly gained the reputation for being a source of employment. When a local Jahagirdar, Naro Shankar Raje Bahadur, started building a fort in the area. After the British capture of the in 1818, Muslims from Hyderabad migrated to the region. The 1857 revolt saw many Momins from the north locate themselves here. Malegaon is located at 18.42°N.77.53°E. It is and average elevation of 438 m (1437 feet). It lies at the confluence of Girna and Mosam rivers. The Girna irrigation canal waters the area to the north. The city is a road junction and local trade centre for millet, wheat, gur (unrefined palm sugar) and oilseeds. Industries include cotton ginning and milling oilseeds milling and the manufacture of textiles, handicrafts, palm sugar and candy.

82 3.3.2. HISTORICAL GROWTH: The city has recorded history of about 10 centuries. A Tamrapat’ was recorded by archaeological department from the village ‘ Vazir Kheda’ which is very near to the present Malegaon city. The writing of Temrapat clearly shows that in the 9th century this settlement was known as Mahuligram. This area was under the rule of the Rashtrakut King Dantidurge. This king donated the village to Jain Sharavan Sangh.

Later on, during the Peshwa rule it came under Nimbayati Jahagir of king Naroshankar who selected this village as the capital of his Nimbayati Jahagir. Since then it is known as Malegaon. Later on it came under the rule of British . In 1863 a municipality was formed as an administrative body.

Malegaon town has historical importance. There is a fort on the eastern bank of the river Mosam that was built up by Maratha sardar Naro Shankar Raje Bahadur in 1755. It was built by workers from Delhi and was completed in a span of 10 years. After construction of the fort these workers were settled in Malegaon. The fort is rectangular in shape and about 18 to 20 meters high. English soldiers in 1818 and 1857 war subsequently capture the fort. For protection, this fort Raje Bahadur had maintained an army of Momin soldiers who in 83 future started the handloom industry in Malegaon town. During the ore independence period Malegaon become a well- known centre in handloom industry. As a result of industrialization the handlooms were converted into powerlooms and at present Malegaon is one of the biggest powerlooms clusters in Maharashtra. The old Raje Bahadur Wade in Gaothan area indicates the historical importance of the town in 17^^ and century peshwai regime. Now the fort is used for running secondary school known as Kakani Vidyalaya and Gymkhana known as Kashikar Gymkhana. Figure 3.5 RAJA NAROSHANKAR FORT OF MALEGAON

MM

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m

84 3.3.3. LOCATION OF MALEGAON: The city of Malegaon is situated on the left bank of river Mausam that joins the further south. The original site of the city is in a concave bend of this river. This is not a good site but it was originally selected from the defence point of view. It gives protection from three sides. A fort was built and gradually the city spread around this fort. Presently the spread of the city is on the both sides of the river.

3.3.4. GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT OF THE CITY: The situation of Malegaon city is favourable for its development. It lies in the Girna Basin which is surrounded by high land on three sides. The height of this highland is about 912 mtrs. or more from sea level. It is a part of Western Ghats which is known as Sayadri Mountain in this area.

3.3.5. CLIMATE AND WEATHER CONDITION: The climate of Malegaon is characterized, by dryness except in the southwest monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons, the cold season from December to February followed by the hot season from March to May and the south-west monsoon season from June to September

85 followed by the post-monsoon season during October and November.

3.3.6. TEMPERATURE: In the Malegaon, temperature begins to increase rapidly from about the latter half of the February. May is the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 40.6°C

(105.1°) at Malegaon. The heat is intense in the height of summer and on some days the maximum temperature may go above 46° C. in the eastern parts of the district with comparatively lower elevations. The oppressiveness, during

May and June till the onset of the south west monsoon, it relieved on some days by afternoon thundershowers, night temperature during June are slightly higher than during may.

With the onset of the southwest monsoon early in June day temperature decrease appreciably and the weather throughout the southwest monsoon season is pleasant. Early in the

October the southwest monsoon withdraws from the district and the day temperature increase two or three degrees centigrade on the average in October. However, night temperature decreases progressively after September. From

November temperatures decrease rapidly December is the coldest month with the mean daily minimum temperature at

86 11.3°C (52.3 °F) at Malegaon. The mean daily maximum temperature in this month is 29.5 °C (85.1 °F) at Malegaon. In association with western disturbance, which, move across north India, in the cold season, cold waves affect the district and minimum temperature sometimes drop to the freezing point of water and frosts, occur causing damage to crops. The highest maximum temperature recorded was 46.4 °C (108.3 °F). The lowest minimum temperature at Malegaon was 0.1 °C

(30.9 °F) on May 23, 1916 at Malegaon was 0.1°C (30.9 °F) on February 1, 1929.

3.3.7. HUMIDITY: The air is very humid during the southwest monsoon season. In the post-monsoon, cold and summer seasons the air is dry. The summer season is the driest part of the year with relative humidity between 20 and 25 percent only in the afternoons.

3.3.8. RAINFALL: Malegaon experiences rainfall in the months of June to

September. Average rainfall recorded at Malegaon is 472 mm.

87 3.3.9. DEMOGRAPHY: According to 2001 census, the population of Malegaon town is 4,09,403 out of which 2,08,864 are males and 2,00,539 are females. Therefore the total population of Malegaon comprises of 51.01% males and 48.99% females.

3.3.10.DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION: The total population of Malegaon town as per 2001 census is 4,09,403 divided in 24 electoral wards.

Table No. 3.2 WARDWISE POPULATION IN MALEGAON

Ward No. Ward Population

1. Camp ward 20,234 2. Camp ward 9,098 3. Camp-Sang. Islampura ward 18,705 4. Islampura ward 19,041 5. Islampura ward 22,146 6. Navapura-gurwar ward 29,719 7. Guruwar ward 22,588 8. Sangmeshwar-guruwar ward 22,558 9. Sangmeshwar ward 18,315 10. Camp-sangmeshwar ward 16,082 11. Islampura ward 17,358 12. Islampura ward 19,587 13. Islampura-navapura ward 17,905

88 14. Navapura ward 19,803 15. Navapura-guruwar ward 13,779 16. Raviwar ward 15,140 17. Shani-Ravi-Guruwar ward 16,613 18. Ravi-Som-Budh-Shukrwar ward 10,033 19. Islampura-Som-Mangal ward 13,941 20. Islampura ward-1 12,474 21. Islampura ward-2 16,100 22. Islampura ward-3 10,335 23. Navapura ward 12,627 24. Navapura-mangal-budhwar ward 15,141 Total 4,09,403 Source: Census Handbook, Nashik District 2001 and Malegaon Municipal Corporation Census Abstract 2001 The population of the Malegaon city was 19000 in 1901, which is increased to 55,052 in 1951. So during these 50 years, the population increased by 188.76%. In the decade of 1941 to 1951, the population increased by 49.60%.

From 1951 to 1961, the city shows a tremendous increase in 1951 it was 55,052 which increased to 1,21,408 in 1961. It increased to 4,09,430 in 2001 census.

3.3.11. INFRASTRUCTURE: Infrastructure of Malegaon includes water supply system, drainage system and transportation etc.

89 3.3.11.1. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM: Maharashtra water supply and sewerage board presently known as Maharashtra Jivan Pradhikaran previously operated water supply system of the Malegaon town. But now it is handed over to the Malegaon Municipal Corporation and is being looked after by the water supply department of the Municipal Corporation.

At present the main source of water is Chankapur dam of Girna River and Talwada Lake. There is a jack well and pump house located in S. No. 128 of Sangmeshwar on the left bank of Girna River. Water from all available sources is brought into the water treatment plant in Malegaon. In water treatment plant, rapid sand filter and chlorination for disinfections treat 22.0 MLD water. Treated water will be distributed in Malegaon by 7 water tanks. Nearly 4 0-lit/day/person water is distributed. As per government rule, water supply for each person should be 135 lit/day. But as compared to this requirement, existing water distribution per person in Malegaon is less. So there is always increasing water demand in Malegaon. To increase the water capacity for Malegaon town and taking into consideration the increasing demand, government has sanctioned Girna Dam water storage plan.

90 3.3.11.2. ELECTRICITY SUPPLY: A regular electric power supply is made available to the town and for the street lighting and other public purposes by Maharashtra State Electric Board through its main substation located in S. No. 46 of Malegaon on old Mumbai-Agra road, and another sub-station in S. No. 90 of Malegaon, there is need to increase the number of power station keeping in view the increasing demand for electric power supply in view of the increasing population and growth of the town. Total street light load accounts to be 1093.542 KW. Use of solar streetlight lessens the load of electric supply distribution.

3.3.11.3. TRANSPORTATION: Malegaon is situated on the Mumbai-Agra national highway No.3 that was previously passing through the town and is now provided with a diversion, which passes mostly outside the municipal limits except for a very small length, which passes through the southern portion of the municipal limit.

Malegaon Satana road, which is a state highway, enters in the town from the western boundary of the Sangmeshwar village and meets old Mumbai-Agra road at the Mosam bridge chowk. The Malegaon Kusumba road, which is also a state highway, enter in the town from the 91 northern boundary of Malegaon village and meet old Mumbai-Agra road at the new S.T. bus stand chowk.

3.3.11.4. RAILWAYS: Though Malegaon is not connected by rail, the nearest, railway-station i.e. Manmad which is 37 kilometres away and is convenient for passengers’ communication.

3.3.12. HEALTH AND MEDICAL FACILITIES: There is a General Hospital & rural hospital run by the government located on the Satana road. Besides this, there are two hospitals and four clinics run by Municipal Corporation. There are many private dispensaries all over the town. There are number of well known well equipped private hospitals/dispensaries run by well socialists/ practitioners have come up especially in camp and sangmeshwar outer area.

3.3.13. BANKING FACILITIES: Malegaon is well served by the banking sector. Bank of Maharashtra is the lead bank. The Nashik District Central Co­ op. Bank, Bank of Maharashtra had earlier extended loans to

92 the powerloom sector. The bank of Baroda, Malegaon has also extended finance to M/s JaJkhotiya Cotex Industries, Patne (Malegaon) to the tune of 63 Lakhs under the TUFS in the year 1999. The Janata Co-Op-Bank, Malegaon also extends services useful for the development and growth of the Powerloom Industry particularly in view of the fact that a large number of the Powerloom manufacturers are weaving fabrics.

Main Banks at Malegaon are as under;

1. The State Bank of India

2. The Central Bank of India

3. The United Western Bank of India

4. The Bank of Baroda

5. Dena Bank

6. Sajigli Bank

7. Bank of Maharashtra

8. The Union Bank of India

9. The Bombay Mercantile Co-op. Bank Ltd.

10.The Syndicate Bank

11.The Malegaon Merchants Co-Op. Bank Ltd.

12.The Janata Co-Op. Bank Ltd.

13.The Nashik District Central Co-Op. Bank Ltd.

14. Bank of India

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