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Special Libraries, 1948 Special Libraries, 1940s

9-1-1948

Special Libraries, September 1948

Special Libraries Association

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Special Libraries

VOLUME39 ...... Established 191 0 ...... NUMBER7

CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER 1948

The President's Message . . ROSE L. VORMELKER215

Report of Group Relations Meeting . . . . 217

Structure and Interrelations of SLA Groups . . RUTH SAVORD 2 18

The Fountain Report -A Resume . . BETTY JOY COLE 225

Whither SLA? . . A. A. PARADIS231

Use of Punched Cards for Indexing and Classifying Biochemical Literature . . STANLEYR. AMES AND WILMAF. KUJAWSKI 233

SLA National Officers, Chapter Presidents, Group and Committee Chairmen and Special Representatives, 1948-1949 . . 239

Events and Publications . . . . 241

Announcements . . . . . 243

Indexed in Industrial Arts Index, Public Affairs Znformafion Service, and Library Liferature

ALMA CLARVOEMITCHILL KATHLEENBROWN STEBBINS Editor Advertising Manager

The articles which appear in SPECIALLIBRAVIES express the views of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staff and publisher.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES published monthly Septem5er to April, with bi-monthly issues May to August, by The Special Libraries Association. Publication Office, Rea Building, 704 Second Ave., Pittsburgh 19, Pa. Address all communications for publicatio~ to editorial offices at 31 East Tenth Street, New York 3, N. Y. Subscription price: $7.00 a year; foreign $7.50; single copies, 75 cents. Entered as iecond-class matter February 5, 1947, at the Post Office at Pittsburgh. Pennsyloania, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for ma'ling at special rate of postage prodded for in the Act of February 28, 1925, authorized February 5, 1947, YOU CAN RECOMMEND THESE BOOKS TO YOUR COMPANY EXECUTIVES e SEPTEMBER @ THE ART OF CONFERENCE 1948 Revised Edition by FRANKWALSER Recognized as orie of the few definitive presentations of the sul~ject.this standar(l classic on conferrnce inethotls has now been cxtenhively revised. Tlir 1948 edition includes a variety of interesting new illustrations of confcrenrr trchniques in working usr. .'Has enhanced importance today not only hecause the author has himself expanded his knowledge of the applicatiori of theory, in intcrnational conference work, but because the use of the conference has become universal."--ITIRGINIA KIRKUS' BULLETIN. $3.00 RADIO STATION MANAGEMENT by J. LEONARDREINSCH, Managing Director, Radio Stations in Atlanta, Dayton and Miani Foreword by JUSTINMILLER, President, National Association of Broadcasfers "Leonard Reinsclr's book cannot fail to hr of value and iuterest to all in the tmsi~res;, however much experience the)' may have."-EDCAR KOBAK,President. Mutual Broadcasting System. An authoritative source book for all practitioners antl stutlc.nts of radio production, this is the first coulprehensive guide to successful radio station rrranayernrnt. Every plmc of thr subject is considered. heginning with thr . acquisition ot a radio station and including the organizational yet-up. the liantlling of programs, engineering, sales. prrwnnel and promotion. Con~irlgSeptember 29th. 53.50 AMERICAN ARBITRATION Its History, Functions and Achievements by FRANCESKELLOR, First Vice-president, American Arbitration Association. Foreword by JAMESR. ANGELL "I consider the book an important addition to all lihrariw dealing with rconomic. political and social mattersn--;\lo~tus S. ROSEVTIIAT.,President. Strin. Hall d Company, Inc. "Whether you aspire to l)i an arbitrator or ever cxprct to lrave a case go to arbitration-this study is a l)ackgrountl which all persons in industrial relations slioultl haw an(l J~oultl know. Highly I-rcomnir~idrd."-lNJ)ITSTKIAL RELATIONS LETTER. $3.00

A Guide 'OBto Opportunity and Security by FRITZKAUFMANN, Sfaff Member, New York State Department of Labor. Valualdc for every personnel worker, this unique joh-getting volunir supplies a weal~hof information heretofore unavailahli ill hook form. Includes data on rlocu- mentary sources, legal conditions and rights of indivitlual in cn1plo)ment. labor union membrrship. antl answer5 nunlerous other practical cpcstioni. "En~phatically rrcornmencled for general inclusion and generous duplication in all col1rrtiona."- LIBRARYJOUKX~L. $2.75 NEW YORK: THE WORLD'S CAPITAL CITY Its Development and Contributions to Progress by CLEVELANDRODGERS, Member, N.Y.C. Planning Commission, and REBECCA B. RANKIN,Librarian, N. Y. Municipal Reference Library A "must" book for every hu>iness library. At once a vivid history of New York City and a revealing picture of its throbbing life, this timely book unveils the diverse elements which have combined to make this city the financial, cultural, educational and commercial center of the world. "I don't know a better way for anyone to know New York than by reading this book."-G~ovc~r WH*IA:V. $5.00 II AT YOUR BOOKSTORE OR FROM

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

SSOCIATIONS, like most of Pending the recruiting and training life, are subject to cycles, and of qualified personnel, we might well A certainly SLA is no exception. utilize the experience of some of our Many of the needs we face now-a good members as consultants to firms strug- public relations policy, an employment gling with the problem of establishing policy, a recruiting and training pro- libraries. gram, a publications policy-were dis- Just a few years ago the administra- cussed years ago, and solutions were tive work of the Association could be suggested, but not consummated. Some carried on by a few selected officers, all of these were identical with those now making this professional contribution offered-just proving they were ahead without financial compensation. Today of their time. Today they must be we have a paid Headquarters Staff of faced anew if SLA is to go forward seven with two additional members as a unified professional association. authorized by the Executive Board. To Just a few years ago the most signifi- carry on its work it was imperative that cant undertaking was "selling special better working quarters be sought. This library service." The story was told of was the special concern of our two im- the enterprising but unemployed libra- mediate past-presidents and it is a rian who selected 40 firms from Poor's pleasure to report that as a result, our Register of Directors to whom he tried Headquarters office is now "at home" in to sell a special library service and re- a most attractive setting on the top ceived offers of a job from a number of floor of the Stechert-Hafner Building, them. To be sure, special libraries had 31 East 10th Street, New York. something to offer, but it was news Our Executive Secretary, with help that this young man was able to sell it! from her loyal staff as well as from our Today our Headquarters office, our lo- landlords, was able to perform a truly cal Chapters, as well as individuals, are Herculean feat in moving overnight to deluged with requests for librarians, but the new quarters, pictures of which ac- few qualified people are available. company this article. As members we Just a few years ago only two or can take great pride in these new of- three library schools were aware of any fices, and all are invited and urged to need for providing special library train- include a "visit to Headquarters" when- ing. Today 16 out of 38 accredited li- ever they are in or near New York. Too brary schools offer formal courses in few of our members have had the op- the field, while three are so aware of portunity of realizing what must go on the need that some attention is given behind the scenes of a huge organiza- to it in their general course. Further- tion like ours, which is, in fact, a federa- more, there is an open-mindedness on tion of many interests. Make a point of the part of many to know more about finding out at your earliest opportunity. special library needs and a willingness All this, as well as developments in on the part of many of these schools other library associations both here and to consider suggestions from employers abroad, points to a new era for the Asso- of special librarians for specific courses. ciation. We are, as Miss Ruth Savord so To meet this need a textbook is an es- aptly puts it, "at the crossroads." The sential "first", and it is a pleasure to re- directions in which we shall go will be port that steps were taken at the latest determined by you. Board Meeting to have such a textbook To this end there are included in this developed under the direction of our issue two most significant articles- Professional Activities Committee. Miss Ruth Savord's paper on SLA 2 16 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September

Secretary's Office with Table in Foreground for Committee and Conference Meetings.

Reception Room where Applicants fill out Employment Forms. 1948 1 REPORT OF GROUP RELATONS MEETING 2 17

Workshop. where Association's Detail Work is Conducted. The numerous files house Chapter, Group and Committee articles, as well as other SLA records.

Group organization and Mr. H. A. Foun- ing which is called for November 4-6 in tain's report on the Headquarters SIX- Cleveland, Ohio, at the Hotel Cleveland. vey. May I urge you read these care- Be represented, and be vocal! And may fully, prepare your comments and bring this be a year rewarding in professional them yourselves or send them to your Group, Chapter or national Officers for satisfactions for each and every one. consideration at the Fall Council Meet- ROSE L. VORMELKER.

REPORT OF GROUP RELATIONS MEETING

HE Group Relations meeting their aims successfully in the Associa- held on June 9, 1948 during the tion. The revised Group Manual will be TSLA annual Convention in Wash- of gfeat assistance, but is not sufficient ington, D. C. was presided over by the in itself. Our 14 Groups are vastly dis- Group Liaison Officer, Miss Helen similar in organization and function, but Rogers, who traced briefly the forma- have similar problems to face. One of the tion of Groups, which according to their common problems of most vital impor- present pattern, began in 1919. Many tance is that of programing to meet the problems exist in the structure and pro- interests and to challenge the continuing cess of the Groups. These must be work- activity of all Group members. ed out and mechanics of Group process Kenneth Fagerhaugh discussed ways established if the Groups are to achieve in which Groups can program and carry 2 18 SPECIAL LIBRARIES on activities to meet the needs of their ence Group." members. He spoke of defining the inter- Mr. Fagerhaugh also discussed the est of Groups and of planning programs difficulties of conducting Group pro- of general interest to all members. He grams when Group rolls consist of mentioned various devices, such as sec- persons who are not only inactive in tion formation to meet highly special- Group affairs, but are also so dis- ized interests, diversified program plan- interested that less than one fourth ac- ning to meet all interests, project selec- tually subscribe to the subscription bul- tion to gain full membership participa- letins, as shown in at least three Groups' tion, the giving of assistants as well as figures. Group members, he felt, should chief librarians a share in programs, the project their activities as nearly as pos- reading of minutes of previous meetings sible across Group lines in order to in order to remind members of what eliminate as much as possible Group has happened, and the need for spending memberships. He concluded his talk by sufficient time on problems or projects. stressing that the Group's program must He discussed the need for Chapter and meet the needs of its members if the Group members to be aware of Asso- Group is to continue functioning suc- ciation pro b 1ems, and for individual cessfully as a Group, and if it is to pre- Groups to adapt the successful tech- vent development of disgruntled seg- niques of other Groups. He cited a few ments of membership making applica- projects .which had been particularly tion to form new Groups. useful to a large number of people over Miss Ruth Savord, author of the a period of time. He referred to meet- thought-provoking article "Seen From ings of new members which had been the Sidelines", which appeared in the conducted very successfully at various May-June issue of SPECIALLIBRARIES, times under the title of "Junior Confer- then presented the paper which follows:

STRUCTURE AND INTERRELATIONS OF SLA GROUPS By RUTH SAVORD Librarian, Council on Foreign Relations, New York, N. Y

E' in SLA are at the crossroads The other path requires that we face wandand must put our best thought the problem squarely here and now- effort into deciding which not as an isolated issue but as one phase road we are going to take. We can fol- of Association policy. To do that, each low the path of least resistance, which member must make it his business to will mean that our Groups will con- study, consider and understand Asso- tinue to have a loose organization with ciation, Group and Chapter structure a few interested members doing all or and the interrelation of the three so most of the work, and that we will carry that membership in the Associafion, as on our rolls a lot of dead wood, with re- contrasted with membership in a Group sulting dissatisfaction, criticism, ineffi- or Chapter, can be given real signifi- ciency, little professional achievement cance. Only through realization of such and eventual disintegration into more significance can we then appreciate the and more Groups. meaning and importance of the smaller 19481 STRUCTURE AND INTERRELATIONS OF SLA GROUPS 2 19 grouping. It is only through such unity your services, take your share of respon- that we, as an important branch of the sibility and see what a vital part of your library profession, can hope to play our life the Association can become. Think rightful part in advancing our own what 5,000 working members could ac- branch and, thereby, the profession as a complish. whole. As I said earlier, I think we are at the All too often we, as individuals, have crossroads, and before we choose the a tendency to think that our job is the path we are going to take, we must first most demanding, that our interest in a take stock of where we are. particular Group or Chapter or project Many members have claimed that, to is all-important, thereby failing to see them, Groups are all-important. When- the overall picture of special librarian- ever, I hear this comment, I am im- ship which we present to the world. pelled to question "What Group?" If The Association with its Groups and a member is 'enrolled in two or three Chapters is-and can only be- the Groups as so many are, can all of them sum total of its individual members- be of equal importance? Again, when their interests and their achievements. the statement comes from a member in We can double our numbers and yet be one of our larger Chapters where local only half as efficient. Growth in num- Groups are active, I often find that bers only means more complex mem- these members are scarcely conscious of bership relations and Association ad- national Groups. The existence of such ministration. Every member added provincialism must be laid at the doors means additional cost of administration. of the Chapter administration which Unless that member is going to con- should be constantly on the alert to tribute to the good of the Association educate and to inform Chapter members and of the profession, he is no asset. on national problems and to instill a Miss Rogers has outlined the some- national viewpoint, since this is the first what Topsy-like development of our and sometimes the only contact of mem- Groups while Mr. Fagerhaugh has given bers with national activities. In any an able presentation of what the Groups case, these local Groups are a Chapter can mean to the individual and meth- problem and not within the scope of our ods of reaching the individual. I would discussion except in so far as they can like to inject one comment on that sub- be utilized in the promotion of under- ject. It seems to me that Group-individ- standing of national problems and for ual relations must be a two-way pro- developing leadership for national cess. Why shouldn't an interested mem- Groups. But to go back to the state- ber seek out the Group and offer his co- ment that Groups are all-important, I operation instead of just sitting back heartily disagree with such an attitude and waiting for the Group to seek him because, as I have tried to explain, I out? One should remember that it is think no activity can be really signifi- more blessed to give than to receive. cant unless membership in the Associa- We each get value from Association af- tion as a whole is significant. Groups are filiation in direct ratio to our own con- important only in so far as they help tribution. If we sit back and fold our members and, thereby, the Association. hands and think "let someone else do the work," we are apt to end up as noth- GROUP DUPLICATION ing but a name on a list-giving and At present our Groups overlap in getting exactly nothing. Incidentally, their interest. In some cases, they re- these people often are the ones who are present duplication of effort and of first to criticize what's being done, how membership, thus causing unwieldy it's being done and by whom. So offer bodies that cannot possibly be admin- 220 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September istered efficiently by volunteer workers. seum librarians, whether they are hand- Our Groups were never clearly de- ling art material, historical material or fined because, in the beginning, they material in the natural sciences, have were simply the coming together of peo- more in common with each other than ple of like interests. One Group under with those in the art, history or natural weak leadership and without any very sciences departments of a university. definite plans or projects before it, died FORM GROUPS VS. SUBJECT GROUPS or became inactive. On the other hand, My solution is to change to form one with aggressive leadership, working Groups for the whole Association. The on a vital project, suddenly became membership might then fall into group- very strong, grew and prospered. As ings something like this: Association, new members joined and brought in li- Bank, Corporation, Departmental (in- braries in fields not heretofore repre- cluding Public & University), Govern- sented by Groups, new Groups were set mental, Institutional, Museum, News- up in accordance with the Constitution. paper and Publishing, and Service Or- As a small, closely-knit organization, ganizations. Wherever necessary, these this rather informal and unplanned pro- would be further divided into Sections cess served. In an organization of the according to subject interest. To many, size to which we have grown, we must this will sound extremely drastic and I look at the whole field, and then sub- have no doubt that it will meet with divide into Groups which represent the considerable opposition. May I say, fields within which our specialists can however, that I have given it a great function with mutual satisfaction. deal of thought and I ask for the same We now have 14 Groups, at least six amount of thought and consideration of which are form Groups, while the from you before you condemn it whole- others are subject Groups. Interest from heartedly. I say we have to face the both points of view is one of the factors problem, so let's face it in a spirit of which accounts for the desire of mem- fairness and open-mindedness. bers to belong to more than one Group, One fact that led me to the conclu- thus putting such heavy burdens on sion that form and not subject division volunteer Group officers. As I see it, our is our answer is that, if we abolish form first problem, then, is: Shall our Groups Groups entirely, many of our members represent subject interest or shall they will be left without any affiliation. represent functional interest? We must Newspaper, Publishing, Museum, and decide whether the administrators and Hospital are not subject Groups. Mem- workers in a library devoted to art, bers of the Hospital Group might fit into business, finance, aviation, medicine, in- either Biological Sciences or Science- ternational relations have sufficient Technology, but libraries in the News- problems in common to justify the or- paper and Publishing Groups are not ganization of groups in those subject confined to any subject. Insurance and fields. If not, what is the alternative? Advertising, I am sure, consider them- Serving as I do in an association li- selves subject Groups -but are they? brary, I feel that I have more problems My experience with advertising libra- connected with the clientele I serve ries is that material on advertising is than with material in the field. I also the least of one's trouble, and I have am of the opinion that librarians of been told that that is also true of insur- banks have more in common with libra- ance libraries., Where, then, are their rians of other banks than they do with subject problems? Libraries in the Uni- librarians in business corporations, even versity and College Group -which, in- though these latter are dealing with cidentally, is a misnomer for any Group financial material. I am sure that mu- in so far as special libraries are con- 19481 STRUCTURE AND INTERRELATIONS OF SLA GROUPS 22 1 cerned -have problems arising from their departmental status which are not MUSEUMGROUP unlike those of public library depart- Art Museums mental problems. Both could fit into sub- Science Museums Historical Societies ject Groups, as could Museum libraries. PRINTING& PUBLISHING GROUP I also think these form Groups would Newspaper 1. mean more in their connotations to the Periodicals and Books \ outside world and, in fact, to our em- SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGYGROUP ployers. Corporations would understand Biological Sciences a designation of a Corporation Group Chemistry and might well feel that their librarian Hospital or Medical Sections could get assistance from other corpora- Petroleum tion librarians when they might not un- Pharmaceutical SOCIALSCIENCES GROUP I derstand what assistance they could ob- Social Services tain from another financial or scientific Political Science Sections librarian. In other words, we would be Economic Theory 1I talking the language of our employers. This would give us six iarge Groups The form Groups which I have sug- and would cut down form Groups to gested are the ones that, to me, seem to two. Arrangements for convention meet- fit our - present membership, but please ings would be greatly simplified; overall understand that there is nothing final interests could be centered in the large about them-they are only my sug- Group with specific interests in the Sec- gested break-down. The point to be dis- tions. Available funds divided among cussed is-what policy should we six Groups would allow enough for some adopt -form or subject? Whether we apportionment to Sections. like it or not, the time has come when Need for decision is becoming more we must decide. and more acute because of the growing If we decide, after due consideration, tendencies toward the formation of that the form division is not acceptable, more and more new Groups. Our Con- then the next step is to attempt a tight- stitution allows the Executive Board to ening up of the present subject set-up, authorize the formation of new Groups combining those most closely allied into on petition of 10 or more members. The a single Group with Section subdivision. catch is that the portion of the article For instance, we now have changed our which says "Groups relating to definite former Public Business Librarians interests" seems to have been inter- Group to the Business Group. Since so preted very broadly, or maybe it has large a part of our membership falls been interpreted very narrowly, de- into the category of Business, just where pending on how you define "definite." are we to draw the line? Certainly, Ad- It all goes back to the indefinifeness of vertising, Finance, Insurance, Transpor- our Group structure. Most of the new tation all logically come under Busi- Groups which have been formed lately ness. Then why shouldn't these be Sec- are so nearly allied to already existing tions under a Business Group, each gain- Groups that they add to the confusion ing strength from the other? One sug- of overlapping interests, take strength gestion for such a consolidation has been from the original Group and themselves made. It is this: prove weak. Moreover, a petition of 10 BUSINESSGROUP members out of a membership of 5,000 Advertising is too small a representation. In revis- Business Economics ing the Constitution, I hope that this Finance 1CSections Insurance will be changed, and I would also recom- Transportation mend that prospective Groups should 222 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September be put on a trial basis of at least one people rightly belong. It weakens us be- year to give them a chance to prove cause, in most cases, these members are their worth and to give the Association not free to take an active part because a chance to judge their necessity. of their other interests and in many GROUP ORGANIZATION cases, are not qualified to do so. In- Having agreed on either form or sub- evitably, they become names on a list ject Group structure and on stricter pro- or on several lists. visions for new Groups, we must then My suggestion is that we differentiate ask each Group to set up a more stable by means of classes of membership be- organization: first, to define in more or tween those who are actively engaged less specific terms the limits of its field, in special libraries and those working in to draft a simple Constitution and By- other types of libraries who are in- Laws, to provide for continuity of ad- terested secondarily, or perhaps only ministration in that Constitution, and casually, in Special Libraries Associa- to take responsibility for the main- tion; and further, that we differentiate tenance of creditable standards of pro- within these classes as to Group privi- fessional 1e a d e rs h i p and professional leges. We not only have the right to do work -creditable to themselves and to this but it is a necessity if we are to the Association. In other words, Groups maintain adequate professional stand- cannot work in a vacuum but must be, ards. Although decision on such changes at all times, aware that any work they rests with the Executive Board and the do, any publications they issue or spon- membership at large and does not come sor, any meeting or exhibit conducted within the province of this discussion, by them reflects on their standing, on Groups might well consider their impli- the standing of the Association and on cations and report their reactions to the the standing of the profession. Such con- Executive Board as a basis for decision. trols would aim to prevent dissipation I feel that these changes would repre- of effort and to ensure a closely-knit sent a real step forward. grouping within Association structure. Having reorganized Group set-ups GROUP FINANCING and provided for more continuity and In every field of endeavor financial responsibility, have we solved the prob- considerations inevitably place limita- lem of large memberships in individual tions on plans and programs. Groups Groups? I think not, and I doubt if we have been clamoring for larger allot- ever will until we change the Constitu- ments. Why? For what is the money to tion in regard to Group privileges and be used? membership standards. Although I in- Let us suppose a Group in the com- cluded this suggestion in some detail in ing year is not involved in any large my previous article,' I feel it is impor- project but is more or less concerned tant enough to repeat here. In fact, I with keeping the Group informed be- feel that it is basic to everything else. tween Conventions, possibly discussing The number of library associations or planning a project for next year. seems to be ever on the increase and, What is needed-postage for communi- therefore, there is a professional home cations, possibly some mimeographing for practically every librarian no mat- or some similar administrative expense? ter what phase of the profession claims What great hardship is involved in sen- his interest. I object to our encroaching ding to the Finance Committee an esti- on other associations. It weakens us as mate of how much will be needed? well as the association to which these Then, let us suppose that in another Group, a project is under way. This 1 SPECIALLIBRARIES, May-June 1948, p.152. Group then sends in an estimate for ad- 19481 STRUCTURE AND INTERRELATIONS OF SLA GROUPS 223 ministration expense plus an estimate out of a membership of almost 5,000 on expense of the project. Is not this cared enough for an extra Group af- sound business practice? filiation to pay an additional 50$ for Somewhere, somehow, there has it seem to me to point to a lack of in- grown up an accepted allotment of 15$ terest in Group activities rather than to per Group member which is, to say the any need for increased funds. least, an evasion of the Constitution. It I feel that this matter of Group fi- stands to reason that a Group which nancing is a bug-a-boo which has some- has more than 1,500 members will need how arisen to bedevil us all and which more for administration expense than a has been gaining momentum through Group of 150 members. over-repetition with little thought and I have yet to hear of any Group in- less fact to support it. In other words, volved in a project of national import has not most of the argument and com- being refused funds. The trouble is that, plaint on Group financing arisen when we speak of projects, we some- through a somewhat false pride in times lose sight of the fact that a "proj- Group activity rather than from a con- ect" is usually understood to be an un- sideration of accomplishment as a re- dertaking which has a foreseeable end sult of financing. If we are going to -therefore, a continuing, current publi- make the best use of available funds so cation cannot be considered as a project. that they may bring the most benefit to The Advertising Group's What's New the most members, we have no choice is such an undertaking, primarily of but to continue our present system of interest to Advertising Group members appropriation based on estimated costs and a large outside clientele. If it is of of specific projects. Under a system of value to that clientele, they and not the automatic allotments, all Groups, re- Association should subsidize it. This is gardless of activity, would be granted also true of Insurance Book Reviews. the same percentage and these funds We cannot subsidize one without sub- would either be dissipated in unimpor- sidizing the other. tant activities or would lay dormant in Group Bulletins, likewise, should be the treasury of one Group, when they on a subscription basis. If they are not might have been allotted to another worth paying for, they probably are not Group working on a vital project. worth the effort that goes into prepar- However, no matter how much agree- ing them. The experience of the Finan- ment or disagreement there may be on cial Group is a case in point. Their these points, I feel that this phase of Bulletin is one of the best that is issued. the problem cannot be solved until we It contains in almost every issue articles reorganize our Group structure accord- which would interest the entire mem- ing to whatever plan is agreed upon, bership. Yet, out of a membership of limit our membership in Groups to ac- 479 in the Group, there were exactly 99 tive special librarians and determine members who wanted the Bulletin the scope and aim of each Group. In enough to pay for it. Might not the in- making a decision on financing, we terested members who devote so much must remember to look at the whole time and effort to compiling this Bul- financial picture of the Association, to letin be better occupied in working on consider the demands made on it and a project that would interest more peo- then the relative value of Group financ- ple? This is a question not a criticism. ing to the whole structure. I do not have any figures on the sub- GROUP COOPERATION scriptions in other Groups which make The problems of inter-group relations a charge for their Bulletins, but these are not clearly so complicated nor so facts and the further fact that just 90 controversial. They are largely a matter 224 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September

of cooperation, of keeping informed and If we are not to become narrow and of remembering that each Group cannot isolated in our viewpoints, we must be a law unto itself, but must be one link know each other, understand each in a chain which binds us all together. other's problems. Joint meetings at Con- The most vital factor in these rela- ventions are helpful for this purpose, tionships is our Group Liaison Officer and, certainly, with the exception of and Group Relations Chairman, who business meetings, Group meetings serves as a clearing house of Group ac- should be open to all. Group chairmen tivities and in an advisory capacity. But or their representatives should feel a here again, cooperation must be a two- responsibility to attend Advisory Coun- way process. If you have read the ex- cil meetings and should pass on to their cellent Group Manual prepared by this members through Group Bulletins or Committee, you found almost three Chairman's letter, information gathered pages devoted to the duties of the there. Group Liaison Officer and the Group In. 1940, we had a Committee to re- Relations Committee. However, there is port on Group structure and activities; scarcely one of these duties that can be in 1943, Miss Cole circularized a great carried out unless Group Officers pro- many individuals as to their member- vide information on proposed Group ship in Groups-especially in more projects and on Group problems, send than one Group -and the former Com- reports and bulletins, and in every way, mittee of Five, now the Committee on keep both the Group Liaison Officer and Organization and Procedure is devoting the Group Relations Committee in- its best efforts to a study of the prob- formed. lem. So far none of these efforts have If each Group does its share in this been fruitful. I feel that it would be in way, then the Group Liaison Officer and order for every Group member to de- the Committee can advise, and inform vote all thought and effort in the com- all Groups of what others are doing and ing year to discussing these problems. can bring to the attention of the Execu- We cannot change our Constitution this tive Board problems that need its at- year and we must not upset current pro- tention. With our present overlapping cedure in a hasty manner. However, as of interests, this interchange of infor- the above-mentioned surveys indicate, mation about other Groups is all-impor- the problem has been with us for a long tant if we are to avoid duplication of time and we have done nothing to solve effort. All projects that are being con- it. Thorough consideration by all mem- sidered should be cleared through the bers and much careful study of mem- Group Liaison Officer who is thereby bership interests and desires must pre- able to advise in the light of his knowl- cede any decision. A year devoted to edge of activities proposed in other this discussion in a spirit of open-mind- Groups. edness and thought for the good of the There is room for more active co- Association and the profession would be operation between Groups on vital ob- a year well-spent. jectives. During the war, we made such These are the policy decisions which a concerted effort in our survey of what must be made: we could contribute to the national de- 1. Shall we differentiate in our classes of membership between those actively en- fense. Surely there are other needs of gaged in special libraries and those with the profession to which all Groups could a secondary interest? devote their efforts, i.e., recruiting and 2. If we do, shall we likewise limit Group standards and methods, which are prob- privileges? 3. Shall we reorganize our Groups on a lems common to the profession, yet form basis or on a more closely-knit sub- which differ among Groups. ject basis? 19481 THE FOUNTAIN REPORT -A RESUME 225

4. What provisions shall be made for the philosophy in the Association before we go organization of new Groups? further into Group definitions. 5. How shall we finance our Groups without The meeting was broken by insertion of a hampering our other activities? brief discussion by Robert Christ, Public Rela- tions Chairman, on the relative values of pub- DISCUSSION licity on an Association level as against a The discussion among attending members Group level. General concurrence seemed to revolved around such points as: difficulties in be that public relations should be at the Asso- learning the specialties of members on Group ciation rather than the Group level. lists; SLA responsibility toward librarians There was some general criticism in the whose main interest is covered by another lack of time in Convention for diversified library organization; the need for defining Group meetings. Paul Gay stated that he felt Group membership as a privilege, to be taken we were allowing the Association to broaden only by those persons vitally interested in a too much, and that some Groups were not will- ing to face this problem. Graded membership Group and willing to work with it. The gen- was suggested. Miss Savord mentioned the eral discussion indicated that subject Groups fallacy of 5400 names on the membership rolls are more satisfactory than form groups. Over with 1100 unpaid members. Working or active and over again the questions of secondary af- members were discussed in relation to non- filiations represented on Group membership working or inactive members. One suggestion rolls, and public librarian members who remain which was acclaimed by all present, was that relatively inactive were brought up. It was Conventions be made better working confer- stressed that special librarianship is all things ences in which library business was discussed to all people, and that we must define its and there were fewer speeches from outsiders.

THE FOUNTAIN REPORT - A RESUME' T the SLA Board meeting of erable time and effort on this study. In June 13, 1947, the Committee order to understand the purposes of A on Organizational Structures SLA, its scheme of organization, its pol- and Policies (appointed the Committee icies, and other problems, Mr. Fountain of Five in 1946) recommended that reviewed the Constitution, By-laws and there be made a "survey of office pro- Minutes of meetings for the past sev- cedure at Headquarters plus a review eral years. To gain background informa- of the present job analysis for em- tion, Mr. Fountain talked with a num- ployes." This was to serve as a "basis ber of former presidents, board mem- for Association" and as a "guide . . . in bers, Chapter officers, group Chairmen determining salaries, salary increases, and members of the Association, as well sick leave, vacation policies, etc." This as with Mrs. Stebbins, the Executive study was to be carried out, if possible, Secretary. by a professional consultant. In other In the introduction to his report, Mr. words, this study was to analyze the Fountain reviews the growth of SLA, service to members, to try to stream- the increased demands upon Headquar- line some of the routines in the office, ters, the classes of membership and and to avoid duplication of effort. numbers in each class with potential As a result of Board action, Mr. H. Group affiliations, and some of the Sec- A. Fountain, Management Controls Con- retary's responsibilities. sultant, was requested to undertake this The first part of his report deals with survey and to report his findings, to- personnel policies of professional asso- gether with such recommendations as ciations in New York City and shows he believed would be beneficial, to the that SLA7s salary scale is in line with Association. Mr. Fountain spent consid- them and that other policies regarding

1 Copies of the complete report may be bor- vacations, holidays, etc. fall within av- rowed from SLA Headquarters. erage practices. 226 SPECIAL LIBRARIES LSeptember

The next two sections, dealing with Favorable action on this will increase Headquarters Office, and Organic the importance of the Nominating Com- Changes, contain his findings, conclu- mittee's work, safeguard the rights of sions and recommendations with re- the majority, and make it possible to spect to policies at Headquarters and change the election procedure. the basic structure of SLA. These are Recommendation 4 presented without comment. They are Change the elections procedure to eliminate the ballot. for you to study without bias, to discuss Favorable action on this will free the with your fellow-members and to ex- staff of the ballot work which is consid- press your opinion on to the Board. erable even though it is required only HEADQUARTERS OFFICE once a year. (See Recommendation 27.) Policies Recommendation 5 The major policies which impose Provide for direct representation of Chap- tasks on Headauarters Office are those ters and Groups on the governing body of which prescribe the membership classes, the Association and eliminate the Advisory Council. the Chapter and Group affiliations, the Favorable action on this will elimi- elections procedure, the records to be nate duplication of effort and what may kept, such as those which provide for be termed "executive distraction" of the employment or placement services and governing body and reduce the work in business management of publication and connection with keeping records of those which require, or should require, meetings. (See Recommendation 26 in secretarial and other staff assistance to this connection.) standing committees. Recommendation 6 Many of the policies should be re- a. Re-examine the provisions for Standing examined and re-stated to lay a more Committees. Distinguish between those direct course for achievement of the whose functions demand continuous exer- Association's objects. The objects them- cise and those whose functions are inter- mittent. selves as stated should be re-examined b. Eliminate, combine, create new commit- and re-stated, because the purpose of tees as the circumstances demand. Provide the Association in action transcends its for policy formation and promulgation at objects in writing. With this in mind, the Association level and execution at the Chapter and Group levels. the following policy recommendations Favorable action on this should re- are made: sult in the provision for several new Recommendation 1 officers of the Association, one for each Reduce the number of classes of members. Recommendation 2 of the Committees or "Departments", as Eliminate the automatic provision for mul- they might be called at this level and tiple Group Aftiliations and raise the fee for for several new officers of each Chapter optional additional affiliations. and Group, one to each "Departmental" Favorable action on these recom- Committee. (See Recommendation 28.) mendations will reduce the membership Recommendation 7 record keeping, billing, collecting, book- Provide for supplying Chapters and Groups keeping, mailing, reporting and other with operating funds in accordance with work at headquarters and in the field. their relative requirements and their per- (See Recommendations 24 and 25 in formance against incentive standards as predetermined from time to time. this connection.) Favorable action on this should fur- Recommendation 3 nish an incentive which will do more Change the provision requiring the Nomi- than anything else to keep up the en- nating Committee to nominate two candi- dates to provisions under which the Com- thusiasm of members in all ranks. mittee shall nominate a slafe of one candi- Recommendation 8 date for each office with members making Change the fiscal year to begin July 1, in- additional nominations from the floor. stead of January 1. 19481 THE FOUNTAIN REPORT -A RESUME 227

Favorable action on this will make contact with authoritative sources of in- the Fiscal year conform with the As- formation on general association prac- sociation year, which is the natural pe- tices, organization and methods for riod for association work and will elimi- headquarters administration. nate the hiatus now existing for budget- Recommendation 14 ing and accounting for the stewardship Authorize the Secretary to administer staff of officers. salaries, working conditions and routine headquarters affairs within the budget pro- Recommendation 9 visions she shall have had approved. Adopt "cycle" billing based on the anni- Favorable action on this will broaden versaries of admissions to membership and subscriptions to the publications. the Secretary's range of action within Favorable action on this will increase control of the President, the Executive income possibly by $500 or more a year Committee andtheBoard through budget if membership and circulation growths approvals, and will eliminate the neces- continue at the rate of the last 5 years. sity for consideration of individual cases. It will also tend to reduce billing costs ORGANIZATION by spreading the work over the year. The organization at Headquarters is Recommendation 10 small in members, but the number of Shorten the period for lapse of membership transactions handled is large. or subscription for non-payment of renewal An organization should take form from dues or subscription price. Favorable action on this will elimi- consideration of the duties to be done, nate the expense now occasioned by not from the persons who do them. The continuing to send publications to de- activities now include, in some degree, linquent members and subscribers for all of those to be included, if the recom- too many months after their renewals mendations made herein are adopted. have become due. Therefore it is possible to sketch a form Recommendation 11 of organization for Headquarters activ- Adopt a salary scale for the Secretary ities which will serve as a pattern for which is in line with the scale for compar- future development. able positions in associations in New York The form of organization is already and provide a definite plan for its admin- partially shaped in that the Secretary istration. Favorable action on this should re- recognizes and delegates responsibility sult in a scale the bottom of which is for two kinds of activities: (1) those close to the top of a scale which should having to do with the business side of be adopted for capable first assistants to publications, excepting advertising, to the Secretary. This should induce har- an Assistant Editor and, (2) those hav- mony and active cooperation. ing to do with membership, subscription Recommendation 12 and financial records, stock keeping and Provide a definite term of office or means order filling to an Office Manager. Re- of termination of services of the Secretary. sponsibility for all other activities the Favorable action on this should pro- Secretary reserves to herself, although mote peace of mind. In lieu of-a definite she delegates to whoever is available term the Executive Board might re- matters to be handled as they arise. solve that the Secretary be subject to These other activities, however, could removal by a two-thirds vote of the be divided into sections on a basis of whole Board. homogeneity. Three sections are sug- Recommendation 13 gested for immediate organization--one Authorize the Secretary to join the Trade to help with programing and profes- Association Executives in New York City, if she is eligible as an affiliate member, at sional activities, a second in connection $10 a year. with membership and placement activ- Favorable action on this would en- ities and information services, and a able the Secretary to have first hand third to assist with meetings, member- 228 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September ship attendance and public relations. greatest extent. [Mr. Fountain at this point gives an organi- [Mr. Fountain has inserted here a list of zation chart showing five possible Sections, staff employes giving their job classification each in charge of an Assistant Secretary. These and present (June 1948) salaries as compared Sections are: 1. Programs service; 2. Publica- with the "going" ranges for Association work tion service; 3. Membership service; 4. Meet- in New York City. After a brief comment ings service; 5. Finance and Accounts. The upon classification and salaries, Mr. Fountain duties falling within each of these Sections are: continues with his recommendations.] 1. Program planning, Professional activities; 2. Favorable action on some of the rec- Advertising, Printing, Circulation; 3. Member- ommendations which have been made ship maintenance, Placement service, Informa- will eliminate or reduce some of the tion service; 4. Meeting arrangements, Mem- bership attendance, Public relations; 5. Book- work now being done. Regardless of ings, Billings, Accounting, Shipping, Inven- what action may be taken, and without tories, Archives.] anticipating it, there is need for more It is to be borne in mind that this is help. This is the concern of the follow- primarily a scheme of organization for ing recommendations: work to be done. As to personnel it ap- Recommendation 16 plies to supervisors only and there are That the Secretary employ a person who is only three of them at the moment: the qualified to act as Publications Assistant and who has potentialities for growth into Secretary who doubles in brass as a job such as the assistant Secretaryship- head of the Office and also as head of Publications, Section 2, as suggested, and as Sections 1, 3 and 4; the Assistant Edi- a possible successor to the Secretary. tor as head of Section 2, and the Of- Recommendation 17 fice Manager as head of Section 5. That the Secretary block out an area of work similar to that suggested for Section Names for the Sections and titles for 3 in connection with drawing up the plan the Section Heads and the Secretary of organization for the Headquarters Of- are matters worthy of thought. The sec- fice per Recommendation 15, or beforehand, and delegate the responsibility for it to tion names and numbers applied above her present secretary with appropriate title stem from the names and numbers pro- similar to "Membership Assistant", pending posed later for "Departmental Commit- action on the organization plan as a whole. tees" and "Standing Committees" (See Recommendation 18 Recommendation 28). The titles Secre- That the Secretary employ a Secretary- Stenographer to replace her present secre- tary and Assistant Secretary have been tary, choosing, if possible, one with poten- taken and adapted from the present tialities for growth into one of the other Constitution and By-Laws. "Assistant Secretaryships". All of this leads to the following rec- Action on these recommendations will ommendation : not require additional budget provisions Recommendation 15 except as may be necessary to meet That the Secretary draw up a plan of or- salary rates over those provided for in ganization for Headquarters Otfice and the budget. secure approval of it by the governing Recommendation 19 authorities. That the Secretary secure budget approval Favorable action on this will have and employ a clerk to work with the book- given every one concerned a better pic- keeper. ture of what is wanted and of the way If all of these recommendations are to organize to supply those wants. It acted on favorably then the staff will also will furnish a guide to the Secre- consist of nine persons: the Secretary, tary in selecting future employes as re- three Section Heads (leaving the duties placements or for new jobs. Knowing of two of the five suggested still to be more specifically what is to be done and performed by the Secretary), a secre- the kind of human characteristics best tary-stenographer and four helpers. suited to the tasks, she can seek candi- Office Methods dates possessing those characteristics to No intensive study has been made' of 19481 THE FOUNTAIN REPORT - A RESUME 229 the office methods of the Association. Recommendation 23 With one or two exceptions they ap- That the Secretary look into the possibility of using wire recorders or other devices, pear, on casual inspection, to be ortho- which should be readily portable, for re- dox and satisfactory. cording the proceedings of meetings, obtain The principal exception pertains to approval and acquire the equipment. the five-part form for "application for Favorable action on this promises to Membership" which was introduced be- result in eliminating much of the drudg- cause (1) the Secretary wanted a way ery of taking minutes, of shifting the devised to cut down the work of sending work of transcription, and making it records to the units, and (2) the Chap- unnecessary to circulate draft copies for ter Relations Committee ( 1947) sug- verification before final preparation, gested a new type of application. This thus speeding up the process in all its new form appears to have several dis- respects. advantages. [Mr. Fountain then states that he has not The method of signalling for inter- gone into budget procedure. He next men- tions several items dealing with the physical communication and carrying on com- aspects of the new space which Headquarters munications between the Secretary in now occupies.] her office and the employes at their ORGANIC CHANGES desks in another room, has of necessity Many of the recommendations which been by voice in the absence of buzzers, have been made are organic in nature. telephones and other facilities. This They would change the basic structure gives an impression of general confu- of the Association but in a fashion cal- sion in greater measure than good work- culated to make management more ing conditions require. thorough and achievement of objects Hand methods are used for recording more certain. The details and extent of dictation, discussion, motions, etc., in the changes will be considered here. the absence of dictating and recording Classes of Members machines. In Recommendation 1, it is proposed Recommendation 20 that the number of classes of members That a single-part form for application for be reduced. membership similar to the one formerly There are now seven classes of mem- used be provided to replace the five part form. bers. In one of the classes. Honorary,. . Recommendation 21 there is no member. There would be no That the Secretary establish first priority to hardship in eliminating this class. Two cutting addressograph plates, running off of the classes, Sustaining and Znstitu- cards of appropriate color, prompt mailing tional, are not limited to individuals. If and other things necessary to secure the same speed in handling that the five-part the belief is correct that the Association form was intended to achieve and give is a professional association and that a full, readily usable information to Chap- professional association is an association ters and Groups. of individuals then these two classes Favorable action on these matters should be eliminated. [A statement was will eliminate what may be a hindrance included concerning the probable loss to membership growth, secure necessary in dues and what might be done to information and provide for accurate lessen it.] The Associate and Student and speedy record keeping with less ef- members might be combined into one fort all the way round. class without serious hardship on any- Recommendation 22 one and probably with no loss of rev- That the Secretary investigate methods for enue. This leaves the Life and Active intercmmmunication with a view toward classes without change unless a way can recommending such installation of buzzers, telephones and other facilities as may be be worked out to eliminate the Life warranted in the new quarters. class. Assuming that the Life class will 230 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September remain and that since the other mem- Chapter presidents and Group chairmen bers would be "term" members in con- on the governing body and eliminate trast to "life" then the word "term" the Advisory Council. might be adopted to distinguish broadly There is a feeling among Chapter of- between the classes. Assuming that the ficers that the Chapters are not ade- Active members are older and of more quately represented on the Executive stature than the Associates and Studenfs Board and at least until just recently, it would seem appropriate that the that the Advisory Council, on which "term" members might be distinguished each Chapter President sits, meets with by the words "senior" and "junior". the Executive Board not to advise so Therefore the following recommenda- much as to hear what has been decided. tion is made: Since the Advisory Council has muster- Recommendation 24 ed a very satisfactory attendance and it That there be three classes of members as has been demonstrated that meetings of follows: 1) Life the size of the combined Council and 2) Senior Term Board can be conducted successfully, it 3) Junior Term is recommended : Group Miliations Recommendation 26 In Recommendation 2 it is proposed That the Chapter presidents and Group that the automatic provision for multi- chairmen shall, by virture of their office, be Directors of the Association to represent ple Group affiliation be eliminated and their members directly and that the Advis- that the fee for optional additional af- ory Council shall be eliminated. filiations be raised. Election of Officers Table I1 (omitted) shows that mem- In Recommendations 3 and 4, it is bers entitled to more than one Group proposed to change the nominating and affiliation have availed themselves of no elections procedure to eliminate the bal- more than 65% of their privilege. It is lot and in Recommendation 26, it is the impression that many members af- proposed to make the Chapter presi- filiate with more than the Group of their dents and Group chairmen the repre- prime interest only because the ride is sentatives of their members as Associa- free. Probably the small number of 504 tion Directors. affiliations indicates lack of interest be- The latter recommendation would yond the prime Group. Group chairmen, create a truly representative body com- so it is said, feel that the presence of petent to elect officers and compact names of members on their rolls, who enough to make election by ballot un- really are not interested in the work of necessary. It is therefore recommended: the Group, interferes with the work. In Recommendation 27 any event those who want only one af- That the officers of the Association be elect- ed by the Directors by voice vote or by a filiation should not be expected to sub- show of hands. sidize those who want more than one. Departmental and Standing Committees Therefore it is recommended: In Recommendation 6, it is proposed Recommendation 25 to re-examine the Standing Committees That each of the three classes of member- ship be entitled to one Group Affiliation to provide suitable organization for pol- without additional dues and that additional icy making and dissemination at the optional afiiiiations may be made at one- Association level and supervision and half of the dues of the class except that control of recurring activities at the present Life members, if they do not waive the privilege, shall be entitled to affiliate Chapter and Group level. with two Groups instead of one. This contemplates one of the most Association Directors important changes in structure. Certain In Recommendation 5, it is proposed functions must be carried on continu- to provide direct representation of ously to achieve the objects of the Asso- 19481 WHITHER SLA 23 1 ciation. In the first place there must be [As an appendix to the report, Mr. Foun- a program of what is to be done to make tain gives a "basket" constitution which com- bines "Association, Chapter and Group Con- it worthwhile for the members to be stitutions and By-Laws, and possibly some members. If the Association is good for Procedure Manual data too." This is simply to its members, it would be good for more give an idea of how one Constitution may be members. Hence there should be an written to incorporate all phases of Association effort to obtain new members and re- work.] tain the old. There must be projects on BETTYJOY COLE. which the members may devote their NOTE : talents for their own benefit and the Some of the above recommendations benefit of others or meetings at which have been made previous to this re- they may contribute or absorb ideas. port, possibly in slightly different form There must be good attendance at the or language. Examples of these are: In- meetings so that the maximum number centives for Chapters and Groups (No. may benefit. The public must be kept 7); Enlargement of Executive Board informed of newsworthy and notewor- (No. 5); Further revision of member- thy accomplishments. The members ship blank (No. 20); Change in the fis- must stand ready to advise and counsel cal year voted upon favorably at the those who seek to enter the profession, business meeting on June 11, 1948 those who are in it but are not working, (No. 8). During the past year a study those who propose to install special li- was made of Committee organization braries and those who wish to employ and several changes were adopted or special librarians. It is recommended discussed at the Executive Board meet- ing on June 8 (No. 6 a). Policy forma- therefore : tion for SLA activities has been under Recommendation 28 study for the past year, and Employ- That eight "Departments" at the Associa- tion level and their counterpart "Standing ment policies were considered on June Committees" at the Chapter and Group 8, as well as policies suggested for the levels with each one headed by a Vice- International Relations and Public Re- President be set up as follows: lations Committees. Certain changes in 1) Program the Publications Committee's po 1icy 2) Publications statement are under consideration (No. 3) Membership 6 b). The employment of an Assistant 4) Meetings 5) Attendance Secretary (No. 16) and a clerk (No. 7) Public Relations 19) for the Headquarters Office were 7) Professional Activities approved on June 12 at the Executive 8) Placement Board meeting.

WHITHER SLA? By A. A. PARADIS Director, New York Chapter, Special Libraries Association

OCIETY i nv a r ia b 1y suffers a knew that as the organization flourished moral decline following a major it would yield rich rewards to an altru- S war. It appears that SLA, too, is istic and industrious membership. But in the throes of such a situation. today far too many of our members are SLA grew and prospered when its apparently interested in SLA only for members had but one inspiration : what they can get from it, in return for "What can I do to help SLA?" They little or no effort on their part. Where 232 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September is a professional organization headed cations. What has happened to the pub- when its members take this attitude? lications which used to contribute vital The Romans grew rich, dissolute and financial support and materially add to lazy; eventually they lost their empire. the professional standing and reputa- We too, have, in a certain sense, grown tion of the Association? Can we afford rich. With a Reserve Fund of over to be so indifferent? Are we going to $40,000 we are wealthy compared to rely, henceforth, merely on an ever-in- our insolvent condition of ten years ago. creasing scale of dues to support the But we gained this Reserve for a rainy organization? Someday we may tax day through hard work, careful plan- ourselves out of business. ning and unselfish devotion to the One of the professional aims of SLA cause. How long can we expect to stay should be to improve the individual in business when, in the midst of un- status of its members with respect to paralleled business prosperity, we are working conditions, holidays, sick leave, spending in excess of our income? At pay, old age benefits. Are we as an As- this writing our budget is more than sociation taking the lead in every pos- $3,000 over-expended and it appears sible way to set such an example at our likely that we may not have enough own Headquarters' Office? True, we cash on hand in our operating account have made progress; the Retirement to meet current obligations through the Plan is a feather in our cap, but our year without dipping into the Reserve record is still imperfect. It is open to Fund. If SLA cannot operate within its question whether the Executive Board, budget now, what will it do when the acting as employers on behalf of the long-awaited depression comes? members, is exercising the wisest and When SLA had no bank account or always the best personnel policy in the Reserve Fund there was an enthusiastic allocation of responsibility and the desire on the part of the members of maintaining of honorable and dignified each Group and Committee to raise relations with our salaried staff. money to support projects and improve We have heard much of SLA being a the overall condition of the Association. democratic organization. Actually, it is Today we hear nothing but pleas for run by a handful of people originally additional funds. The Groups are under- picked by a nominating committee. The financed; the Chapters need more in- President is not even elected. The Ex- come; this and that Committee is in ecutive Board holds closed sessions, yet need of support. In addition, our ad- full reports on its meetings, discussions ministrative and operating costs are ris- and the manner in which its members ing. Many new expenditures are author- voted are never made. How can a truly ized, provided they can be charged to national organization function smoothly the other fellow's budget without re- if the Chapter presidents, Group and gard to the effect on the master budget. Committee chairmen are not kept fully Where is all this money coming from? informed of what top management is We raised our dues-a fairly pain- doing? less method of increasing income, be- What is the answer? Firstly, we must cause for many of us the employer pays recognize that SLA is in grave danger the bill. Assuming that some members of becoming financially insolvent if we will not renew memberships because of do not live within our means. We can- the increased dues, it is impossible to not expect to hold or attract a com- forecast accurately just how much in- petent staff if we do not run the affairs creased revenue we may expect. An- of the Association in a businesslike man- other important source of income has, ner, thus promising a fair measure of in the past, come from the sale of publi- security for those whom it employs. We 19481 USE OF PUNCHED CARDS 233 must maintain our excellent credit for revitalizing the Association and for standing as an Association if we are making it more democratic through a to continue in business. And to help truer representation of the membership achieve a sound financial condition, each at large. Read the report, study it and Chapter, Group and Committee must see to it that it does not die in com- think constructively how it may best mittee. Give the President your views in resolve its own financial problems be- writing. She and the Executive Board fore it applies for additional aid from cannot do the best possible job without the national treasury. It is painfully evi- hearing your opinions and ideas on im- dent that librarians on the whole are portant matters. Many of our members not good planners, administrators or who criticize and complain are too lazy financiers -a fact which has been re- to express their opinion before a de- sponsible for a large part of our current cision is made. financing dilemma. The Executive Thirdly, the Executive Board, as the Board, working hand in hand with the top governing group of the Association, Finance Committee, should give this must lead the return to unselfish, intelli- problem top priority for careful study. gent and honest devotion to the job at Secondly, each member should give hand. If it cannot prove capable of as- serious thought to the Fountain Report. suming such leadership, it is not worthy It contains many excellent suggestions of its high trust and responsibility.

Use of Punched Cards for Indexing and Classifying Biochemical Literature1

By STANLEY R. AMES AND WILMA I?. KUJAWSKI Laboratories of Distillation Products, Inc., Rochester, N. Y. UNCHED cards have been used procedures adopted may assist others for indexing and classifying se- working on the problem of generalized P lected bibli~graphies~,~but, as yet, punched-card classifications. no classification scheme for general Several papers have appeared per- chemical literature has appeared in taining to the use of punched cards for print. Recently we set up a punched- bibliographies in limited fields. Messrs. card index for reprints, abstracts and Cox, Bailey and Casey2 presented an research reports dealing with biochem- outline used as a guide for coding refer- istry and related fields. This system has ences on writing inks. These same auth- proved to be of great value in making ors3 also have given an outline for in- specific information more readily avail- dexing chemical and physical properties able, and it has overcome many of the of lactic acid and its derivatives and in disadvantages to be found in the stand- a recent paper they4 tabulated a direct ard classification index. A summary of index code for analytical chemistry. the classification scheme and punching These authors have made substantial contributions to coding techniques and 1 Communication No. 120 from the Labora- tories of Distillation Products, Inc., Rochester, sorting procedures for punched cards, N. Y. many of which were followed in setting 2 Cox, G. J., Bailey, C. F., and Casey, R. S. up our index. "Punch Cards for a Chemical Bibliography" Chem. Eng. News, Sept. 25, 1945, p.1623-26. Wasey, R. S., Bailey, C. F., and Cox, G. J. 4Cox, G. J., Casey, R. S., and Bailey, C. F. "Punch Card Techniques and Applications" J. "Recent Developments in Keysort Cards" J. Chem. Ed., October 1946, p.495-99. Chem. Ed., February 1947, p.65-70. 234 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September

The material which was indexed con- the punched card, three along the left sisted mainly of reprints and abstracts side) designated in order of use as A, of original articles and research and B, C, D, U, T, and H. The first four laboratory reports. Each punched-card fields consist of double rows of holes of the type5 illustrated in Fig. 1 contained and the last three of single rows. Each FIG. 1

#,ELAT lVt ACTI'dITY OF THE TOCOPHLROLS 1'" I-. CUR 1 \C b.1LSCULAH YSTHOPHY l i THL hAUB I T J. WTRITlOh. z.95 11947) COhMUNlCATlON NO. 101 SVhWARY. C A _r1 2269F 119471 THC RELATI~CACTIVITIL~ ON %IATURALOL- .P -. A~DT-TOCOPHEROLS IN THE CURE OF CREATlNURlA ASSOLIATEb HlTH hW5CULAP UYSTROPHY IN RAbBlTS HAS FOUND TO BE 3- 100. 30. AN0 20. RESPECTIVFLY. THE VlNlhlUN LURATiVi DOSE OF NATURAL @Id-TO- . COPHEROL WAS 1.1 MG PER KILO OF BOLY WilGHT PER bAY. FOR SYNTHETIC (&)& -TO- COPHEROL THE Mlh1b:Uh.l CURATIVE DOSE WAS 1.4 h&. THE ANTI -DYSTHOPHY POTENCY OF SYNTHETIC. &-'%-TOCOPHEROL WAS ABOUT 30% THAT OF THE NATURAL1 FORM. 0-&-TO- ;a. COPHEROL PHOSPHATE INJECTED INTRWJSCULARLY INTO RABEITS BROUGHT ABOUT A SLOhER :4 BUT LONGER-LASTINL CURE. ITS POSSIBLE SIGNIFICANCE IS DISCUSSED. TOCOPHEROL-FREE x?-a CORN AND SOYBEAN OIL5 ARE AS tFFECTlVE AS COO-LIVER OIL liY ACCELERATING THE ;m ONSET OF NUTRlTlOlvAL ivlUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. 5n 4 the following information: author, title, card appeared in the classified index journal, date of publication, abstract in under a single subject; in cases where full, location in file if reprint or labora- several subjects were discussed they ap- tory report, and the key subjects under peared under the subject of most im- which the card was classified. The stock portance to the indexer. The subjects, card came punched for a classification which covered the whole of biochem- index, numerical index, direct index, istry and related fields, were classified author index and year. The numerical according to a scheme outlined in Fig. index was discarded in favor of addi- 2. The breakdown followed closely the tional space for classification, and a sec- accepted academic divisions of chem- ondary author index was substituted istry and biochemistry. The subject of for the year. The scheme included four vitamins, especially vitamins A and E, different types of indices: classified in- was one in which we had a great many dex, author index, secondary author in- cards. This field was subjected to an dex and direct index. A detailed discus- additional breakdown as indicated in sion will be made of each in turn. Fig. 3. Our system is characterized by CLASSIFIED INDEX two modifications in the standard The classified index consists of seven punching procedure. We frequently use 7-4-2-1 fields (four fields at the top of both the shallow and the deep hole where the latter is used to indicate a 5Punched cards were obtained from the McBee Company, Athens, Ohio, where they single sub-group under a broader sub- are listed as a stock item. ject designated by the corresponding 19481 USE OF PUNCHED CARDS 235

FIG. 2 tion, we employ a single unique punch CLASSIFIED INDEX FOR BIOCHEMISTRY to characterize certain subjects of im- AND RELATED FIELDS portance, for instance, B-7d indicating Punch Subject the subject, vitamins. For example, the A-ld* Physical Chemistry B- 1 Kinetics cards relating to the physiology of vita- B-2 Tracer isotopes min E are coded in the following man- B-4 Oxidation-reduction theory ner: A-7d (no. 7 hole punched deep in A-2d Medical, including animal experi- the A field), biochemistry; B-7d (deep mentation B-1 Therapeutics punch of hole no. 7), vitamins; C-4, B-2 Immunology vitamin E; D-2d, physiology. In a sim- B-4 Pharmacology ilar fashion the code for the determina- B-7 Physiology tion of Vitamin A would be A-7d, B-7d, A-2-1 Inorganic and analytical A-4 Organic Chemistry C-7, D-4d. B-1 Techniques To facilitate sorting of the cards they B-2 Synthetic organic were divided into six categories of about B-4 Organic analysis equal numbers of cards and filed in sep- B-7 Alkaloids arate drawers. Thus, any card could be A-4- 1 Biological and botanical A-7 Biochemistry found by sorting through only two B-1 Enzymology fields with considerable saving of time. B-ld Hormones The six categories used for pre-sorting B-2 Analvtical biochemistrv were vitamin E, vitamin A, fat soluble B-2-1 Proteins B-2-ld Amino acids vitamins except for vitamins E and A, B-4 Lipids water-soluble vitamins, biochemistry ex- B-4d Fatty acids cept for vitamins, and subjects other B-4-1 Microbiology than biochemistry. A particular card B-4-2 Inorganic biochemistry B-7 Nutrition could be located in the file by "tumbler" B-7d vitamins sorting in the usual fashion to a stack of B-7-1 Carbohydrates ten or twelve cards followed by manual :$ "d" indicates a deep punch; all other sorting. punches are shallow. shallow hole. An example of this is the AUTHOR INDEXING method of handling the subject "vita- In setting up the author index we have followed very closely the sugges- mins" as a deep punch under the broad- tions given by Casey, Bailey and Coxa. er subject "nutrition" designated by a shallow punch. As a second modifica- They gave detailed directions for the use of an alphabetical index based on FIG. 3 INDEX FOR THE SUBCLASSIFICATION OF the 0-I-E-C-B system. In their revised THE VITAMINS system which is indicated in Table I Punch Subject they have improved upon the original A-7 B-7d Vitamins 0-I-E-C-B system by treating Mac and C-1 Fat soluble vitamins (ex- Sch as separate letters and furthermore cept for vitamins A and E) designating names before and after each C-Id Vitamin D of these two groups of three letters by C-2 Water soluble vitamins an additional punch. They have further C-2d B-vitamins modified the original system in cases C-4 Vitamin E C-7 Vitamin A where the second or third letter of a D-ld Occurrence name is M or S. In these cases it is pos- D-2d Physiology sible to effect a further rough separa- D-2-1 Chemistry tion of names into three groups. The D-4d Determination separation proposed is according to the D-4-1 Biological requirements D-4-2 Isolation initial letter of the author's first name. D-7d Therapeutic use If this initial letter is A to H inclusive, 236 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September

TABLE I as described below. In sorting these CODING FOR THE AUTHOR INDEX ON THE cards, we have found that it is to ad- 0-I-E-C-B SYSTEM (AFTER CASEY, vantage to sort for the letter which has BAILEY AND cox3) the lowest frequency of occurrence. In Letter Punch addition, we have found it very advan- No punch tageous to needle a hole from each B 0-I-E-C-B field before attempting to C CB sort for a given combination complete- E ly. For example in Fig. 1, the code for . EB the author, Hove, would be 1-ECB (first EC letter H), 2-0, 3-OIE. This would be ECB I found by needling 1-B, 2-0, 3-1 and IB then manually sorting the remaining IC cards. We have found that the probabil- L ...... ICB ity of another author's name resulting M (before Mac) ...... IE from this type of operation is relatively Mac, Mc ...... IEB M (after Mc) ...... IEC low. Much time can be saved by this IECB modification, and combinations not de- 0 sired can be sorted manually more rap- P ...... OB idly than the complete code can be Qu ...... OC R ...... OCB needled. S (before Sch) ...... OE SECONDARY AUTHOR INDEX Sch ...... OEB In some cases of multiple authorship, S (after Sch) ...... OEC T ...... OECB it is desirable to have a means of locat- 01 ing papers by an author other than the OIB one whose name appears first. To pro- OIC vide for these cases a secondary author OICB OIE index was devised based on equal alpha- OIEB betical intervals. (Table 11) as tabulat- ed by Cox, Casey and Bailey4. For in- I-E is punched for M in second or third stance in Fig. 1, the author Harris would place and 0-E is punched for S; if I to have the code number 35. This index Q inclusive, I-E-B and 0-E-B are was punched in the U and T fields of punched; if R to Z then I-E-C and the year index. These two fields were 0-E-C are punched. We have found converted to a selector code by desig- these suggestions to be a valuable addi- nating all single figures by a deep punch tion to the original 0-I-E-C-B system. and utilizing the shallow hole to the In using this system, we have followed right of the U field to indicate zero. This the convention of using the name of the general modification may be used to first author on the paper as the author adapt any double hole 7-4-2-1 field to a under whom the card will be indexed. selector code. In case of multiple authorship of a DIRECT INDEX paper the figure + in the upper right The use of the direct index on the hand corner of the card is punched. punched card introduces a valuable This is to facilitate the rapid location cross-reference feature in this system. of all papers written by a single person. As shown in Fig. 4 the subjects indexed Papers in which an author's name ap- on the direct index were primarily those pears first are located by needling the which relate to several fields of interest. author index. Then the multiple author- This is particularly true of the vitamin- ship papers are separated and these are interrelationships. In this way we are needled in the secondary author index able to find a card which in the classifi- 19481 USE OF PUNCHED CARDS 237

TABLE I1 FIG. 4 EQUAL ALPHABETICAL INTERVALS FOR EXAMPLES OF SUBJECTS CODED IN THE THE SECONDARY AUTHOR INDEX DIRECT INDEX (AFTER COX, CASEY AND BAILEY~) Punch Subject code Code 1 Antioxidants Number Interval Number Interval 2 Physiology of vitamin E A-Alb Lam-Lea 2d Muscle dystrophy Alc-Andq Leb-Leu 3 Enzymes Andr-Asj Lev-Lis 3d Enzymatic inhibition Ask-Baj Lit-Lud 7 Vitamin interrelationships Bak-Bars Lue-Mc (Mac) G 7d Vitamin E-vitamin A interrelation- Bart-Beh Mc (Mac) H-Malk ships Bei-Bers Mall-Mar the shallow and deep holes in a method Bert-Blaj Mas-Meh previously referred to so that the deep Blak-Bonc Mei-Mic Bond-Bra1 Mid-Mod hole indicates a sub-group of a broader Bram-Brn Moe-Mos subject designated by the shallow hole. Bro-Bud Mot-Nac An example of this may be seen in Fig. Bue-Cal Nad-Neu 1, where the direct index is punched for Cam-Cd Nev-Nor Vitamin E physiology (2) and also for Ce-Chh Nos-Olk Chi-Coc Oil-Pak muscle dystrophy (2d). In addition to Cod-Coq Pal-Pd those subjects which do not readily fall Cor-Cuq Pe-Pg into a classification scheme, we are Cur-Dax Ph-Pok utilizing certain of the direct index Day-Deu Pol-Prn Dev-Don Pro-Ram punches for subjects of current research Doo-Dum Ran-Rek interest, which enables us to refer read- Dun-Edv Rel-Rio ily to the literature on these subjects. Edw-Enf Rip-Ror The direct index is sorted for subjects Eng-Fak Ros-Rul Fal-Fim in the usual way, the unique position of Rum-Sam Fin-For1 San-Schd each subject in the direct index making Form-Frid Sche-Schn it possible to indicate any number of Frie-Garm Scho-Scq Garn-Gerl secondary subjects which have been Germ-Glm Scr-Sheh previously designated and coded. Shei-Sik Glo-Grae SUPPLEMENTARY NEEDLES Graf-Gror Sil-Smitg Gros-Had Smith-Sol In addition to the sorting needle or Hae-Haq Som-Stao "tumbler", a number of supplementary Har-Hax Stap-Stn needles were found to facilitate sorting. Sto-Suo . Hay-Heo These consisted of t en-inch straight Hep-Hilk Sup-Tam Hill-Holl Tan-Thh lengths of 0.092 inch diameter spring Holm-Hud Thi-Too steel wire which had been sharpened to Hue-Ige Top-Tv a blunt point on one end. A round metal Igf-Inc Tw-Van C button inch in diameter had been Ind-Jad Van D-Vis Jae- Jom Vit-Walk soldered to the end6. After the insertion Jon-Kao Wall-Weif of the sorting needle, the supplement- Kap-Kel Weig-Whitd ary needles were inserted to complete Kem-Kir White-Wim the rest of the desired code. This was Kis-Koc Win-Wrh Kod-Kos Wri-Y particularly useful in sorting for auth- Kot-Kt 2-zz ors either primary or secondary. The Ku-Lai -1 entire code for a given item could then cation scheme would fall into any one be punched and sorted in one operation of two or three different categories. We Uppreciation is expressed to Mr. R. M. have used a unique punch for each sub- Biehler of these Laboratories for designing and ject in the direct index and have utilized making the supplementary needles. 238 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [Sepf ember

resulting in a substantial saving of time. tage over the common type of card in- This same procedure can be performed dex is the direct index. In bibliograph- by using a multiple-needle machine ical indexing of papers covering several sorter7. fields of investigation the punched card DISCUSSION offers means of cross-referencing a large The usual method of indexing re- number of items without the use of mul- prints, abstracts and research reports tiple cards. This valuable cross-refer- embracing several fields of chemistry is ence feature is often important enough by the use of an index card for each to justify converting a common index item. If the subject matter on the card card file to a punched-card system. embraces several fields, "see" cards are The question is often raised as to the necessarv and if an author index is con- relative labor involved in setting up and templated, separate cards for each au- maintaining a punched-card file com- thor are required. As the number of such pared with the common single-entry index cards in a file increases it becomes type. Considerable effort must be ex- more and more difficult for the individ- pended in setting up a classification sys- ual to remember the subtopics covered tem. It should be the result of a careful on a given index card. Eventually, the analysis of the type of information to difficulties in locating specific material be obtained from the file. Maintenance increase and the file may fall into dis- times for the two types of files are use. A possible solution to the problem roughly comparable since the time ex- of locating information in the literature pended in punching cards corresponds which accumulates in a research depart- with the time expended in typing dupli- ment lies in the use of a punched-card cate and "see" cards. More labor is in- index system. volved in setting up a punched-card in- The many advantages of a punched- dex than the common single-entry type, card file have been referred to in detail but thereafter about the same amount by previous inve~tigators"a.~,~.Ready of work is expended in maintaining access is had to specific information by either file. The effort involved in setting the use of fewer cards resulting in a sav- up such a system is more than compen- ing of space. Instead of several cards sated for by the additional information for different purposes, one punched which is made available. card contains a variety of data from SUMMARY which the desired information can be A general classification scheme is pre- selected. The cards are usuallv filed in sented for indexing reprints, abstracts random order eliminating time-consum- and research reports dealing with bio- ing refiling of index cards. Facilities are chemistry and related fields. The available with this svstem for unlimited scheme includes the use of a classified expansion in any field without disrupt- index, an author index, a secondary ing the continuity of the index system. author index and a direct index. Punch- The feature of a ~unched-cardfile ing procedures are given and a method which represents an important advan- is presented for converting a double hole 7-4-2-1 field to a selector system. 7 This multiple-needle tumbling device is The importance of a direct index is em- produced by the McBee Company. "ailey, C. F., Casey, R. S., and Cox, G. J. phasized as introducing a valuable "Punch Cards for Indexing Scientific Data" cross-reference feature into a generaliz- Science, August 23, 1946, p.181. ed punched-card system. 19481 SLA OFFICERS 239 SLA NATIONAL OFFICERS, CHAPTER PRESIDENTS, GROUP AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN AND SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES 1948-1949

NATIONAL OFFICERS CINCINNATI-Mr. Eugene B. Jackson, Air PRESIDENT Documents Division, Air Materiel Com- MISS ROSE L. VORMELKER,Business Infor- mand, Wright Field, Dayton, 0. mation Bureau, Cleveland Public Library, CLEVELAND-Miss Mary Evalyn Crookston, Cleveland 14, 0. Meldrum and Fewsmith, Republic Building, FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTAND PRESIDENT-ELECT Cleveland 15, 0. MRS. RUTH H. HOOKER,Naval Research CONNECTICUT - Miss Helen Dikeman, Laboratory, Washington 20, D. C. Plastics Division, Monsanto Chemical Com- SECONDVICE-PRESIDENT pany, Springfield 2, Mass. MR. MELVINJ. VOIGT,Carnegie Institute of GREATER ST. LOUIS-Miss Marion A. Technology, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh Murphy, School of Medicine, Washington 13, Pa. University, 4580 Scott Ave., St. Louis 10, TREASURER Mo. MR. DAVIDKESSLER, U. S. Railroad Retire- ILLINOIS - Miss Marguerite Gietzentanner, ment Board, 844 Rush St., Chicago 11, Quarrie Corporation, 35 East Wacker Drive, 111. Chicago 1, 111. DIRECTORS INDIAN A -Miss Judith K. Sollenberger, MISS ELMAT. EVANS,Cornell Aeronautical Pamphlet Division, Indianapolis Public Li- Laboratory, 4455 Genesee St., Buffalo 21, brary, Meridian at St. Clair St., Indian- N. Y. apolis 4, Ind. MR. DONALDCLARK, Graduate School of KANSAS CITY-Miss Idris Smith, Business Business Administration, Harvard Univer- and Technical Department, Kansas City sity, Boston 63, Mass. Public Library, Kansas City, Mo. MISS MARGARETHATCH, Metropolitan Life LOUISIANA-Miss Mildred E. Hogan, Re- Insurance Company, 600 Stockton St., search Department, La. State Dept. of Com- San Francisco 20, Calif. merce 8s Industry, 2301 State Capitol, Baton IMMEDIATEPAST PRESIDENT Rouge 4, La. MRS. IRENEM. STRIEBY,Eli Lilly and Com- MICHIGAN-Miss Eleanor V. Wright, En- pany, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indian- gineering Department, Chrysler Corporation, apolis 6, Ind. 341 Massachusetts Ave., Detroit, Mich. EXECUTIVESECRETARY MILWAUKEGMiss Katharine G. Mullen, MRS. KATHLEENB. STEBBINS,31 East Tenth Wisconsin Anti - Tuberculosis Association, St., New York 3, N. Y. 1018 N. Jefferson St., Milwaukee 2, Wis. EDITOROF SPECIALLIBRARIES MINNESOTA-Mr. Russell Barnes, Minne- MISS ALMA C. MITCHILL,Public Service sota Historical Society, St. Paul 1, Minn. Electric and Gas Company, 80 Park MONTREAL-Miss Gwendolyn C. Hazlett, Place, Newark 1, N. J. Sun Life Assurance dompany of Canada, CHAPTERLIAISON OFFICER Sun Life Building, Montreal, Quebec, Can- MRS. ELIZABETHW. OWENS, Mercantile- ada. Commerce Bank & Trust Company, Lo- NEW JERSEY-Miss Alma C. Mitchill, Pub- cust-Eighth-St. Charles, St. Louis 1, Mo. lic Service Electric and Gas Company, 80 GROUPLIAISON OFFICER Park Place, Newark 1, N. J. MISS HELEN C. ROGERS,Department of NEW YORK-Miss Gertrude L. Low, The Welfare, State of Indiana, 141 South John Price Jones Corporation, 150 Nassau Meridian St., Indianapolis 14, Ind. St., New York 7, N. Y. PHILADELPHIA-Miss Helen Mary Pyle, CHAPTER PRESIDENTS Public Relations Department, Sun Oil Com- BALTIMORE-Miss Margaret L. Jacobs, In- 1600 3, dustry and Science Department, The Enoch pany, Walnut St., Philadelphia Pa. Pratt Free Library, Cathedral and Mulberry PITTSBURGH-Miss Virginia L. Garland, Streets, Baltimore 1, Md. The Philadelphia Company, 435 Sixth Ave., BOSTON-Miss Natalie N. Nicholson, Grad- Pittsburgh 19, Pa.

uate School of Engineering Library, Harvard PUGET- - SOUND-Miss Ellen M. Lundeen. University, Cambridge, Mass. 134 South Cambrian St., Bremerton, Wash. 240 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 1 September

SAN FRANCISCO-Miss Phyllis June Ander- UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE-Dr. Jer- son, Pan American World Airways, P. 0. rold Orne, Washington University, St. Louis Box 151, South San Francisco, Cal. 5, Mo. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA-Miss Eva Louise Robertson, Glendale Public Library, COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN 319 East Harvard St., Glendale 5, Cal. Standing TORONTO-Mrs. Audrey Ide Bull, Board of ARCHIVES-Mr. Howard L. Stebbins, Social Trade of the City of Toronto, 37 King St., Law Library, 1200 Court House, Pemberton East, Toronto 1, Ontario, Canada. Square, Boston 8, Mass. WASHINGTON, D. C.-Mr. Victor A. Schaef- CHAPTER RELATIONS - Mrs. Elizabeth er, Reference Department, Room lA, 514 Owens, Mercantile-Commerce Bank and Pentagon Building, War Dept., Pentagon Trust Co., Locust-Eighth-St. Charles, St. Library, Washington 25, D. C. Louis, Mo. WESTERN NEW YORK-Mrs. Mabel G. CLASSIFICATION -Miss Sara M. Price, Olney, Engineering Library, Stromberg- Port of New York Authority, New York 11, Carlson Company, 100 Carlson Road, Ro- N. Y. chester 3, N. Y. CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS-Mr. Ford M. Pettit, Reference Department, The De- GROUP CHAIRMEN troit News, Detroit 31, Mich. AD VERTI SING - Miss Arax Odabashian, FINANCE-Mr. Walter Hausdorfer, Sullivan Foote, Cone and Belding, 247 Park Ave., Memorial Library, Temple University, New York 22, N. Y. Philadelphia 22, Pa. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES - Mr. James F. GROUP RELATIONS-Miss Helen C. Rog- Ballard, Boston Medical Library, 8 the ers, Department of Welfare, State of In- Fenway, Boston 15, Mass. diana, 141 South Meridian St., Indianapolis BUSINESS-Miss Isabella M. Frost, Lansing 14, Ind. Library Service, Safeway Stores, P.O. Box INTERNATIONAL RELATI 0 N S -Miss 660, Fourth and Jackson Streets, Oakland Eleanor S. Cavanaugh, Standard and Poor's 4, Cal. Corporation, 345 Hudson St., New York 14, FINANCIAL-Miss Laura M. Marquis, Mel- N. Y. lon National Bank and Trust Company, In- MEMBERSHIP-Mrs. Hazel Izzo, Technical vestment Research Department, P.O. Box Library, Defender Division, E.I. duPont de 926, Pittsburgh 30, Pa. Nemours and Co., 666 Driving Park Ave., GEOGRAPHY & MAP-Miss Ena L. Yonge, Rochester 3, N. Y. Map Department, American Geographical PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION-Mrs. Society, Broadway at 156th St., New York Miriam Copeland, Ansco, 40 Charles St., 32, N. Y. Binghamton, N. Y. HOSPITAL AND NURSING LIBRARIANS PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES-Mr. David -Miss Charlotte Studer, Michael Reese Kessler, U. S. Railroad Retirement Board, Hospital School of Nursing, 29th St. and 841 Rush St., Chicago 11, Ill. Ellis Ave., Chicago 16, Ill. PUBLIC RELATIONS-Mr. Robert W. INSURANCE-Miss Elizabeth Ferguson, In- Christ, Duke University, Durham, N. C. stitute of Life Insurance, Department of In- PUBLICATIONS-Miss Fannie Simon, Mc- formation, 60 East 42nd St., New York 17, Call Corporation, 230 Park Ave., New York N. Y. 17, N. Y.; Subcommittee on Special Libra- MUSEUM-Miss Margaret T. Hills, Ameri- ries, Miss Alma C. Mitchill, Chairman, Pub- can Bible Society, 450 Park Ave., New York lic Service Electric and Gas Company, 22, N. Y. 80 Park Place, Newark 1, N. J.; Subcommit- NEWSPAPER-Miss Agnes C. Henebry, De- tee on Technical Book Review Index, Dr. catur Herald-Review, Decatur, 111. Jolan M. Fertig, Chairman, Westinghouse PUBLISHING-Mr. William Downey, Cowles Research Laboratories, East Pittsburgh, Pa. Magazines, Inc., 511 Fifth Ave., New York STUDENT LOAN FUND-Mrs. Margaret M. 17, N. Y. Rocq, Standard Oil Company of CaIifornia, SCIENCE - TECHNOLOGY - Miss Gretchen 225 Bush St., San Francisco 20, Cal. D. Little, Research Literature Division, Special Atlas Powder Company, Wilmington 99, Del. COMMITTEE ON COMMITTEES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE-Miss Janet F. Saunders, REPRESENTATIVES - Mr. Donald T. International Labour Office, 3450 Drummond Clark, Graduate School of Business Admin- St., Montreal 25, Quebec, Canada. istration, Harvard University, Boston 63, TRANSPORTATION-Miss Agnes Gau- Mass. treaux, Civil Aeronautics Administration, CONSTITUTION REVISION - Miss Ruth Dept. of Commerce Building, Washington Savord, Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., 25, D. C. 58 East 68th St., New York 21, N. Y. 19481 EVENTS AND PUBLICATIONS 241

CONVENTION-Dr. Hazel Pulling, Graduate WASHINGTON REPRESENTATIVE ON School of Library Science; University of GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS - Miss Southern California, Los Angeles 7, Cal. Adelaide R. Hasse, 806 Islington St., Silver ELECTIONS-Mr. Gerritt Fielstra, Photo- Spring, Md. graphic Service, New York Public Library, New York 18, N. Y. REPRESENTATIVES ON JOINT NOMINATING-Miss Eleanor S. Cavanaugh, COMMITTEES Standard and Poor's Corporation, 345 Hud- A.L.A. JOINT COMMITTEE ON GOVERN- son St., New York 14, N. Y. MENT PUBLICATIONS-Lt. Comdr. Mad- RESOLUTIONS-Mr. Harry C. Bauer, Uni- eline F. Canova, Technical Library, U. S. versity of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Navy Bureau of Ordnance, 18 and Constitu- tion Ave., Washington 25, D. C. SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES A.L.A. JOINT COMMITTEE ON IMPOR- AMERICAN DOCUMENTATION INSTI- TATIONS-Mr. Kenneth R. Shaffer, Sim- TUTE-Miss Betty Joy Cole, Calco Chem- mons College, School of Library Science, 300 ical Division, American Cyanamid Co., the Fenway, Boston 17, Mass. Bound Brook, N. J. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LI- AMERICAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION BRARY ASSOCIATIONS - Miss Eleanor -Mrs. Ruth McG. Lane, Massachusetts In- Cavanaugh, Standard and Poor's Corpora- stitute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. tion, 345 Hudson St., New York 14, N. Y. COUNCIL OF THE AMERICAN LIBRARY MICROCARD-Miss Marjorie C. Keenley- ASSOCIATION - Miss Elma T. Evans, side, Roosevelt College of Chicago, 430 S. Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, 4455 Gen- Michigan Ave., Chicago 5, 111. esee St., Buffalo 21, N. Y. NURSING SCHOOL LIBRARY-Mrs. Flora COUNCIL OF NATIONAL LIBRARY AS- Ingalls, Nursing School Library, St. Luke's SOCIATIONS-Miss Rose L. Vomelker, Hospital, Amsterdam and 113th St., New Business Information Bureau, Cleveland York, N. Y. Public Library, Cleveland 14, 0.; Mrs. Irene STANDARD AERONAUTICAL INDEX- M. Strieby, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Miss Elma T. Evans, Cornell Aeronautical Lilly and Company, Indianapolis 6, Ind. Laboratory, 4455 Genesee St., Buffalo 21, H. W. WILSON COMPANY-Miss Eleanor N. Y. Fair, Medical Library, Metropolitan Life U. S. BOOK EXCHANGE-Mrs. Irene M. Insurance Company, 1 Madison Ave., New Strieby, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli York 10, N. Y. Lilly and Company, Indianapolis 6, Ind.

EVENTS and PUBLICATIONS1

STECHERT-HAFNER,INC. has just published sponsored by the Edgar F. Smith Memorial a special issue of their Book News containing Collection of the University of Pennsylvania, a list of titles of more than 400 German pe- a collection which includes books, manuscripts, riodicals, mostly scientific, and indicating in prints and other documents relative to the his- each case the numbers of the last volume and tory of chemistry. Chymia will publish schol- issue published before the collapse of Ger- arly articles in the principle languages of Eu- many. The list will be of great value to libra- rope and America, i.e, English, French, Ger- rians, for it will enable them to check their man, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. (Phila- holdings and to eliminate the work of claiming delphia 4, Pa., University of Pennsylvania issues that were never published. Copies are Press, Volume I, 1948, $3.50) available on request from Stechert-Hafner, Inc., 31 East 10th Street, New York 3, N. Y. * * * *** A leaflet listing Census Bureau Publications The initial volume of Chyrnia, an interna- on Governments has been issued by the Bu- tional annual devoted to the history of Chem- reau of the Census and is available from that istry, made its bow on April 15, 1948. This agency upon request. This bulletin describes unique publication, the first of its kind, is briefly each of the 18 reports on governmental finances and employment which the Census 1 Where it is possible the Editor has given Bureau expects to issue in the fiscal year be- prices for publications noted in this section. ginning July 1, 1948. It also lists other recent The omission of a price does not necessarily publications of the Bureau regarding State indicate that the publication is free. and local governments. 242 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

DUNNE'S INTERNATIONALINSURANCE RE- PORTS present readable analyses of the 1947 Annual Statements of 1800 North American in- surance companies. Published in two volumes, ' UNION LIST Life Edition (700 companies, 166 pages) and Fire and Casualty Edition (1100 companies, 600 pages), the Dunne Reports present (1) complete (condensed) annual statements, (2) reduction of the most significant factors to TECHNICAL comparable ratios, (3) analysis of vital finan- cial, management and progress factors, and (4) rating of companies by the Dunne formula. PERIODICALS The books are used by insurance companies, policyholders and purchasers of insurance, in- Compiled by vestors, banks, attorneys, and students. One year's subscription to the semi-monthly (sep- ELIZABETHG. BOWERMAN, arate Life and Fire-Casualty editions) INSUR- Librarian ANCE INDEXis included with either the Life Armstrong Cork Company Companies Edition, $20 (Library Price, $10) or the Fire and Casualty Edition, $7.50 (Li- brary Price, $3.75). The combined cost is Lists the holdings of 200 co- $20.63 (Library Price, $12.50). operating libraries and contains *** nearly 5000 titles of periodicals. The April 1948 issue of the New York Pub- lic Library .Bulletin contains on pages 170-182 Includes a representative group a "Selected List of Books Relating to New of all special libraries in pure York City", compiled by Cleveland Rodgers and applied science. Emphasis and Rebecca B. Rankin. This bibliography given to small technical libraries was compiled to aid citizens and students whose interest may be stimulated by Greater located over a wide geographic New York's Golden Anniversary which the range and representing a variety City is now celebrating. The Bibliography on of scientific interests. the History of New York City was preprinted from NEW YORK: THE WORLD'S CAPITAL CITY, by Cleveland Rodgers and Rebecca B. Place of publication, volume Rankin, published in June of this year by numbers and years, given in most Harper and Brothers. (Price $5) The book .traces the more significant developments of instances. Complete holdings Greater New York, linking the present with listed for the better known jour- the past and showing its role in the creation nals. Exceedingly valuable to all and expansion of the nation. special, college, university and *** The January, April and July 1948 issues public libraries as well as to any of the Bulletin of the Medical Library Asso- persons engaged in research. ciation contains articles of interest to all libra- rians. In the January issue will be found Third edition. Planographed. "What Does a Research Man Want of a Med- ical Library," by Fred A. Mettler; "Report on 290 pages. July, 1947 UNESCO Conference on Co-ordination of Price: $6.00 Medical Abstracting Services," by Eileen R. Cunningham; "Inter-library Loans from the Viewpoint of the Small Library," by Claire Order from Hirschfeld; and "New Abstracting Tools in the Field of Medicine." The April issue presents a "Symposium on Medical Subject Headings" Special Libraries Association and "Certification; a Stage of Professionalism," and the July issue features "Other Science Libraries," by William S. Budington, "A Med- ical Department in a General Library," by Eleanor Fair, and "The Clinician and the Medical Library." Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 19481 ANNOUNCEMENTS 243

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Announcements 1 Written for both the small-bud- p;et and large-budget advertiser, this -I is the first corn- Revised SLA Student Loan Fund Policy ? prehensive book There shall be a Student Loan Fund to be on the subject called the Special Libraries Association Stu- F #c of the advan- dent Loan Fund, to provide financial assistance to those members who wish to carry on pro- covering uses, fessional study in librarianship or graduate work in a field of subject specialization. Ap- propriations to this Fund shall be made by the Executive Board, as funds permit, by the di- ferent Chapters and by donations, bequests and grants. A separate account shall be set up and maintained for this Fund. In order that the money may be readily available for loan 2. 530 tested economy devices, es- it shall be deposited in a Savings Bank. I sential cost-reducing information and There shall be a Student Loan Fund Com- 1 time - savine. mittee, consisting of five members, three of short-cuts to help you deal whom shall be appointed by the President with every im- with the approval of the Executive Board and portant detail two of whom shall be the Chairman of the in the produc- Professional Activities Committee and the tion of your pro. motion pieces. national Secretary as ex-officio members. Book may save Applicants for assistance from the Fund you many times must have been members of the Special Li- its price. 45 braries Association for at least one year prior Illus. $S.OC to the date of application and such applicants must maintain their membership throughout the duration of the loan. Applicants shall bear the endorsement of the local Chapter president unless the member be from a section 3. This valuable book gives the re- without Chapter development. Preference shall sults of a survey of 2500 national advertisements, be given to persons employed in a special li- with the speci- brary or persons with satisfactory experience fic attention-at- in a special library who wish to further their tractmg and in- education in librarianship or to carry on pro- terest-arous- ing dev~cesiso- fessional study in librarianship or to take a lated, evaluated year's graduate work in a field of subject spe- cialization. Such persons must show promise of accomplishment and be judged capable of tab'les and making specific contributions to the library profession. Applications shall be received by the Com- mittee until three months before the beginning of an academic session, preferable by March 1, June 1 and November 1 (fixed by the dates 4. Here are 201 facts and findings, of meetings of the Executive Board and Ad- as well as many helpful suggestions, which you can visory Council.) Not later than one month use to Increase before the beginning of an academic session the sale of your the Committee shall report to the Executive ,- product. Based Board upon the eligibility of all candidates on the most popular rerir~ and recommend the amount of loans to be of articles rvcr granted. Unsuccessful applications in one year published by will not preclude consideration in another the Staff of year. Printers' Ink. this book LS both The amount of the loan shall be determined nuthoritative by the Committee, and a single grant shall be based on current rates of tuition at schools of librarianship or graduate schools. If the total amount of the loan is repaid within a year of FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY the date of the completion of the course, no 153 East 24th Street, New York 10, N.Y Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 244 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September

interest will be charged. If payment is ex- tended beyond a year, interest will be charged Just 0# the Press on the balance at the rate of three per cent . . . per annum. This interest shall accrue to the account of the Student Loan Fund. Loans shall be secured by a promissory note signed by the applicant and two witnesses and col- DIRECTORY lateral in the form of a life insurance policy OF shall be required. Study shall not be restricted to a particular institution. MARGARETM. ROCQ, Chairman MEMBERS Standard Oil Company of California San Francisco 20, California OF "Special Libraries Resources", Volume 1 Wanted SPECIAL LIBRARIES The first volume of Special Library Re- sources was given free to all Institutional members. This has resulted in a shortage of the volume at SLA Headquarters, so that ASSOCIATION orders calling for complete sets cannot be filled. If any Institutional member is not using his copy and would be willing to donate his An alphabetical list of some 5000 volume to Headquarters office, the gift will be members of Special Libraries more than appreciated. Association, as of January 1, SLA Periodicals Out of Print 1948. Institutional members are The following issues of SLA periodicals cross-indexed by name of libra- are out of print and badly needed at SLA rian as well as by organization. headquarters: SPECIAL LIBRARIESfor May- June 1948, and TECHNICALBOOK REVIEW INDEXfor January and February 1948. Mem- Includes up-to-date list of SLA bers who have extra copies of these issues are publications now in print and urged to send them to SLA at 31 East 10th those in preparation. Street, New York 3, N. Y. American Society for Metals Plans Round Invaluable as a source of locat- Table Discussion The American Society for Metals is spon- ing addresses of members of Spe- soring a round table discussion on "Metallurg- cial Libraries Association and an ical Literature Classification and Punch Card aid in all local and national As- Filing" in Philadelphia, Pa., Tuesday after- noon, October 26. This meeting will be held sociation activities. Supply limit- during the National Metal Congress. ed. Send your order today. If anyone is interested in attending this meeting, it is suggested he review the War Planographed. 148 pp. Metallurgy Committee's "Scheme for Indexing Metallurgical Literature," copies of which may Price $3.00 April, 1948 be borrowed from SLA Headquarters or from Miss F. M. Weitlauf, Librarian, Steel and Tube Division, Timken Roller Bearing Company, Canton, Ohio. New York State Library Association Conference Special Libraries Association The New York State Library Association 31 E. Tenth Street will hold its fall Conference this year at Sara- nac Inn, Saranac, New York, September 30 - New York 3 October 4. Mrs. Kathleen B. Stebbins, SLA Execu- tive Secretary, will be one of the four speakers Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 19481 ANNOUNCEMENTS 245 on the program scheduled for Saturday eve- of ning, October 2, when the topic "New York A Selected List State Library Service in the 1950's" will be under discussion. Mrs. Stebbins will speak on McGRAW - HILL LEADERS the topic "How Special Libraries Can Co- operate with College, Public and School Li- for the Special Library braries". EFFECTIVE LETTERS IN BUSINESS By R. L. Shurter, Head of the Department of Correction Language and Literature, Case Institute of Tech- Footnote 1, appearing on page 181 of the nology. 219 pages, 5% x 8, $2.75 July-August 1948 issue of SPECIALLIBRARIES, PRINCIPLES OF PERSONNEL TESTING reading "SPECIALLIBRARIES, October 1947, By C. W. Lawshe, Jr., Professor of Psychology, p.284" should be corrected to read "SPECIAL Purdue University. 227 pages, 6 x 9, 125 illrcstm- LIBRARIES,October 1937, p.283." tions, $3.50 PERSONNEL AND INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY Obituary By Edwin E. Ghiselli, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of California, and Clar- ence W. Brown, Professor of Psychology, Uni- versity of California. 476 pages, 6 x 9, 40 illus- Miss Florence Hatch, Librarian of the Busi- trations, $4.50 ness Research Department, H. J. Heinz Com- HOW TO TAKE INDUSTRIAL PHOTOGRAPHS pany of Pittsburgh, died on August 2, 1948. By Moni Hans Zielke and Franklin G. Beasley, Miss Hatch had been a member of SLA since formerly with Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. 1943. 124 pages, 7% x 10, 100 illustmtions, $5.00 DO YOUR OWN THINKING By C. H. Scherf, formerly Head, Social Studies Department, County High School, Kalispell, Mon- Announcement of the recent death of Mrs. tana. 250 pages, 5% x 8, $3.00 Leslie French Morrison, of the Connecticut METHODS TIME MEASUREMENT State Library in Hartford, has been received By Harold B. Maynard, G. J. Steggmerten, and with regret from the Connecticut Chapter. John L. Schwab. 285 pages, 6 x 9, 113 illustra- Mrs. Morrison was a charter member of both tions, $3.75 the Connecticut and the Boston Chapters. She was President of the Connecticut Chapter from INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF INFRARED 1936 to 1938, its Director from 1938 to 1940, By James Doyle Hall, Advisory Engineer, West- inghouse Electric Corporation. 201 pages, 6 x 9, and Secretary of the Boston Chapter from 360 illustrations, $3.50 1919 to 1921. RADIANT HEATING By Richard W. Shoemaker, Consulting Engineer on Radiant Heating. 306 pages, 6 x 9, 242 illus- Miss Myra Rodriguez, of the library staff trations, $4.00 of E. R. Squibb & Sons, died on August 3, COST ACCOUNTING 1948, after a long illness. She was a member By John G. Blocker, Professor of Accounting and of the Science-Technology Group of the New Head of Department, University of Kansas. Sec- York Chapter and had been active in SLA ond edition. 731 pages, 6 x 9, 147 illt~strations, since 1946 $5.50 VACUUM TUBES By Karl R. Spangenberg, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University. 600 pages, Expert Service on Magazine 6 x 9, illustrated, $7.50 Subscriptions for Special Libraries THE TECHNIQUE OF GETTING THINGS By Donald A. Laird. 310 .pages, - 5% x 8, illus- Write for a free copy of Faxon's trhted, $3.00 Librarians' Guide. f SPECIAL LIBRARY DISCOUNT- Also odd numbers of magazines, volumes, or complete sets. Remember Special Libraries may purchase any McGraw-Hill book F. W. FAXON COMPANY at the regular discount of 10%. 83-91 Francis Street McGRAW-HILL BOOK CO., INCA Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts NEW YORK 18. N. Y. \ Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 246 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [Sepfember

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Bound volumes in your li- brary will be matched. THE PLACE TO BUY PERIODICALS A stock of more than two million Years of experience, skilled copies of 6,000 periodicals, year- craftsmen, and modern facilities hooks, reports, proceedings and other combine to assure first class library reference material enables us to fill 85 per cent of all orders imme- workmanship. diately and at reasonable prices. All details incident to the highly Two-way shipping costs paid specialized business of supplying li- in full. braries with all back number wants are handled accurately. Complete information sent on request. THE PLACE TO SELL PERIODICALS Send us lists of periodicals, particu- larly technical, scientific and scholar- ly, which you want to sell. Our stock of periodicals needs constant replen- ishing and you may wish to sell just THE HECKMAN BINDERY the ones we need n~ost. 916 N. Sycamore North Manchester, Indiana \ Periodical Department "Bound to Please" THE H. W. WILSON COMPANY I950 University Ave., New York 52, N. Y. Please Menfion Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 19481 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 247 Aslib THE ASSOCIATION OF SPEC- IAL LIBRARIES AND INFOR- MATION BUREAUX, better known as Aslib, was formed in 1924 to provide opportunities for the discussion of certain common problems by experts engaged in different fields of activity. Its ob- A mild, odorless, pure agent for jects are to facilitate the co-ordi- cleaning book pages. No fuss, no nation and systematic use of rubbing, no chapped hands. Gener- sources of knowledge and infor- ous free trial sample upon request. mation over the widest possible field; to encourage the free inter- change of non-confidential infor- mation, and the establishment and maintenance of special libraries and information bureaux - in short, to act as a clearinghouse for all such services on any and every specialized subject.

SOME ASLIB PUBLICATIONS THE JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTA- TION. Devoted to the recording, or- ganization and dissemination of specialized knowledge. Quarterly. )The first compreher~sive Annual subscription 25s. or $6. Free lo members. guide to the materials of business history - ASLIB BOOK-LIST. Quarterly recom- mendation of recently published scientific GUIDE TO and technical books. Annual subscription 12s. 6d. Free to members. By Henrietta M. Larson CONFERENCE REPORTS. Reports of the proceedings of the annual conferences. A monumental work in a relatively Current issue 6s. 5s. to members. new field, this guide lists over 5,000 items, together with detailed biblio- SELECT LlST OF STANDARD BRIT- graphical descriptions. Almost all ISH SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL the listings are precise references to BOOKS. ~rintedmaterials or manuscripts. In- 3rd edition, 5s. 3s. 6d. to members. cludes critical comment and histori- cal and critical prefaces indicating A SELECT BlBLlOCRAPHY OF where research is needed and how ITALY. By W. 0. Hassall. it may be done. 8s. 6d: 6s. to members. XXVI + 1181 pages, index, $12.00 A full list of publications can be obtained Order front from Aslib HARVARD University Press 44 Francis Avenue, 52 BLOOMSBURY STREET Cambridge 38, Massachusetts LONDON, W. C. 1

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Sole nzanufactrirers anrl dcstributort of l'lnctl-Kleer 63 E. ALPINE STREET trnnspflrent protective covers. NEWARK 5, N. J. Please Menfion Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 250 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [September Equip your library and your staff with these currently useful SPECIAL SUBJECT DICTIONARIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE REFERENCES RUSSIAN English-Russian Dictionary - Russian-English Dictionary 3rd Rev. and Enlarged Ed. Based on the famous Boyanus and Miiller dictionaries. Probably the most widely used dictionaries of modern Russian in this country. Short gram- matical rules together with 60,000 words used in Russian everyday speech, science, politics, literature and mechanics (technology). New orthography. 766 pages and 822 pages respectively. Each $4.50 se711e7zoff:A New Russian Graniniar 4th Revised Edition 75,000 words, 200 useful phrases, rules of grammar and syntax, extensive vocabularies and indexes. New orthography. 323 pages $3.25 Key to, $1.75 .+rllelloff: A First Russian Reader Simple beginning material using modern Soviet terms, words and spelling. 1 17 pages. 2 7 illustrations. 52.00 Siefl: Colloquial Russian Complete manual of grammar and syntax, giving a well-rounded basic Russian vocabulary of about 1,200 words. Subject index. 346 pages $3.00 - GERMAN

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TRANSLATIONS of GERMAN DOCUMENTS

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Vol. I of "WAX OXIDATION" ( Patent Applications)

Vol. I of "EVALUATION OF ROCKET FUEL"

Have you ordered your copies yet? Additional volunles of th~above subjects are presently in the process of translation. Announcements to be made later. For further details and chapter subjects of these publications. see our "Abstract List" booklet. pages 23 to 30. If ~ouhave not received this hook- let. please write for your free copy. We also specialize ill any translations you may- have. From an! law page into any language - technical or otherwise.

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