Report of the Deputy Judge Advocate for War Crimes, European Command, June 1944 to July 1948

Home , AMN (TV station), July 1948

REPORT

of the

DEPUTY JUDGE ADVOCATE FOR WAR CRIMES

June 1944 to July 1948 This report was submitted by the Deputy gJudge Advocate for War Crimes, European Command, Lt, Colonel C, E. Straight, to the Judge Advocate, European Command, Colonel James Lo Hwbaugh, Jr., pursum.t, to the requirement of letter, Head.qu~;rters,United States Forces, European Theater, to Theater Judge Advocate, f f le AG. 322 JAG-,GO, subject: "~nactivationof Wax. Crimes Ac;-f;iv%ties," 7 March The report covers the pre-trial and trial, phases of that portion of the war crimes program, dealing with the so-called conventional war crimes cases, conducted by the United States Mflitmy Forces in Europe between the dates June 1944 and July 1948, D~sof'aras the post-trial phase of the program is concerned it covers only the initial reviews and recommendations prepared directby uder the Deputy Judge Advocate for Was GrSmes which smre submitted to the Judge Advocate, United States Forces, European Theater, for his further consideration and action,

The report does not deal with the fi~ml.revfew operatfoim of the Theater Judge Advocate, nor wfth subseque3nt post-f-,riaP action relating to modification and clernemy. Nor does it reflect the legal proceedings thereafter initiated by the aceused In Federal Courts, Accordingly, reference must be made to later reports or other official reco~dsin order to determine subsequaaz+,action or final disposition of my case. TABLE OF CONTENTS-

11. AD1INISTRATION...... , . . . 5 A. First Phase 5 B Second Phase 6 C. Third Phase 5' 111. PHASES. . . . . , ...... , . . . . 13 A. Prelimlmy 13 1. Exploration of Legal Problems 13 2. Mission Directives 14 a. Reports and Investigations 14 b. Apprehension and Detention 1.5 c. Trials 16 d. Extradition 16 3. Operational Responsibility 17 a, Reports and Investigations 17 b. Apprehension and Detention 17 B. First Phase 1. Mission Directives a. Reports and Investigations b. Apprehension and Detention c. Trials 2 Operational Responsibillty a. Judge Advocate.-Sections b. War Crimes Investigating Teams 3. Coordination with Other United Rations C. Second Phase 1. Trial of Leaders of European Axis 2. Mission Directives a. Scope b. Operational Responsibility c. Reports and Investigations d. Apprehension and Detention e. Trials 3. Coordination with Other United Nations 4. Extradition D. Third Phase 1, Operational Responsibility 2. Was Crimes Installations 3. Completion of Mission Table of Contents (contd)

-Paxt

IT, COIJX@rION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EVIJEJYCE:. 0 e 0 0 e 32 A. Collection of Documents 32 B, Investigations 35 V. APP~SIONANDD~WTION.,...... 40 A. Apprehension 40 B. Detention 42

VII, LOP^ OF LEGAL PRIMCIPL;ES . . . . ,, . . . . 52 A. General 52

B, Conventions 54 1, Geneva (Prisoners of war) Convention of 27 July 1929 54 2, Geneva (~edCross) Convention of 27 July 1929 55 3 Hague Convention No, IV of 18 October 1907 55 4, hexto Hague Convention No, IT of 18 October 1907 55 C, Charges and Particulars 55

E, Jurisdiction 57 1, Offenses Committed Prior to Entry in War 57 2. Offenses Committed Outside US Zones of Oacupation 58 3 Status of Victim 58 4. Double Jeopardy 59 5. civilians ae War Criminals 61

P, common ~esign 61 1, General 61 2, Separate Substantive Offense 62 3, German Tiationals $8 Victims 62 -

L Go Superior Orders 63 1, General 63 2. Administrative Regulations 64 H, Certain Questions of Responsibility 64 1, Admfnistratlve Determination of Guilt ' 64 2, Military Necessity 65 30 Participation in Mob Action 65 4, Intervening Killer 66

I1 Table of 'Contents (contd)

VII. mLOPm OF mm PRDCIl?rnS (contd)

I. Evidence 66 1. General 66 2, Best Evidence Rule 67 3. Reasonable Doubt and Presumption of Innocence 67 . Judicial Xot:ca /- 5. Extrajud5cial Sworn Statements zi J. Conduct of Trial 1, Plea of Guilty 2, Absence of Accused During Trial 3. sentences VIII, 2GVIEW OF RECORD3 OF TRUL, , . . , . . . . . , . . . 71 A. Reviewing Authority 71 B. Reviews and Reeomnda,-bions 71.

IX. EXTRADITION...... a . . . . . a . . . , 73 A. Scope of Mission 73 B. Furnishing Leads to Othsr mations 74 C. Procedure 74 1, Clearances 74 2. Clearances re lndivf duals of Diplomatic Level Interest 75 3. Individuals Located in Austria 76 4. Extradition to Mon-United Mations 77 D. Operatic~s 77

A, Conclusions '1 9 1. Central Recording Agaxey 79 , 2. Prompf Development of Cases 79 3* bte;~tion 80 4. Ceatralization of 0peraZ:ioml Responsibility 80 5., Type of" Unit 8% B . Recommendations 8s

TABL;EOFF0OTNO2EREi?~CESe . . . , . . . a , . . . 83 APPENDICES. . . , . , . . , . , . , ...... , . . . 90 -LIST OF mmmICES NUMBER IXESCRIPTION PAGE -=-.

I Chart Showing Organization of War Crimes Group 91 in July 1945,

I1 Graph Depicting Personnel. Strength of War Crimes 92 Group 1945 to l.948,

111 @hmtShowI- OZ'gaIlf~8ti0ll of Wm Cl?iE@8 GPOUP b 93 July 196,

IT Table of" Allowanoaa no, 1119 for 7708 War Crimes 94 Group, 28 October 1946,

Y General, Orders No, 304, Eeadquarters, United States 102 Poreos, European Thea-ker, 26 October 1946.

-tn: General Orders No, 3, Headquarters, 7708 War Crimes 103 Group, Unitsd States Forces, European Theater, 1 ITosember 196,

Chart Showing Organization'of War Crimes Group in 110 Decambes 1946,

Cfreular 132, Headq&@~~-United Statas Forces, 111 European Theater, subj~c+:'fIn~estlgatioaz of" War Grims,' 2 October 19h5,

Letter, Eeadydars, UnAted St,ettJes Forces, European 117 Theabr, -B;o Theator Judge Advo~a%@,file AG 000,5 GAP-AGO, aubJsolz aPlklfmry-to Other United 6\Tations and Italy of Persons kcused of War Crimes adof Witae~sesmd Evidezse Required in the Trial of' Wax Grrime~,"13 SeptxJrnber 19k5,

Letter, Headqu&ars, Unii-ked States Forces, European 119 Theater, to Third Unf ted Sha%eaAsmy, file AG O00,5 l~'TG-AW, subJeat:: Trfd of War Crimes Cases, '' 14 October 1946,

LgtZ;e.r, Headquarters, European Command., to First I 2; Militmy District, fils AG 383 (WC) ZAG-AGO, subject.: 'gRedesigna%foaa of Cent,ral Suspect and Witness Enclosure," 2% March 1947,

GorreIsxtf on and Ree oruag Syatazm. 126 I1 Stanclad Operating F'rocedme No. 3, Headqumters, 135 7708 War Crimes Group, European Comms~nd, s.ubject : "Ga%laring and Processing of Bulk Enemy Docments," 15 14ay 19b7. Standard Operating Procedure No, 5, Headquarters, 138 7708 War Crimes Grouy, European Command, subject: "F~ocessirgof 'Reports of War CrimesD and (hvestigatfona of War Crimes' Involving Only llationals of Other Goverszments," 15 May 1947.

PiSuggestiona to Investigators of War Crimes, " 141 Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United States Army, Office of %he Thea,t3r Judge Advocate, 18 April 1943, adChange I thereto, 29 Oc tober 1945.

XVI: Standard Operating Procedure No, 6, Headqua;r%ers 1.53 7708 War Crimeu Group, European Command, subjact: "Standard Case Ar~~I.ysisNomenclatures, " 15 May 1947.

Stmd~dOperating Procedure Hoe 7, Headquarters 157 mx 7708~arCrimesGroup,EuropeanCommand, subject: ''Establishment and Maintemm~eof Priorities in the Development of Cases, " 15 May 1,947.

XVIII Graph Depietirg Cases Docketed, Administrat'rvely 160 Closed, and Tried by Wax Crimes Grow 1945 to 1948.

XIX Letter, Headquarters, United Sates Forces, 169, ' European Theater, to Eastern Militmy District, st al,, file AG 2.50,4 JAG-AGO, subject: ''Milftaxy Cornissfom," 23 Angust 1945.

XX Exkraot Prom for the Trial of War Crimes 165 and. Relat,ed Gases," 17 July 1-946, as mended,

XXI Graph Depiatix~Rates at 'Mklch #a?? Crimes Cases 203 Were Tried and Revi ewed, 1945 to 1-948,

XXII Data aa to Cases TrLed, 204 XXIII War Crimes Group Fom No. 21 &~.umma.ryof Infomnation 248 ~orm),Beadqu.arters, 7708 War Crimes Group, European Coma.

XXN Tabulat,ion by Nations of Exbrailltion Requests 249 and their DispositTon.. In addition to the other dutiea a~dresponsibilities imposed

upon the Judge Advocate, United States Armed Forces in Europe, he -. was &signed the duty of developing the evidence in war crimes case8

and the trial thereof. This operatiion is aptLy described by the .

Supreme Court of: the Uai%ed States as a second ph~eof war, i,e., the seizing and aubjectinp; to discipline %hose of the enemy who, fn their attempt to thwart or Impede our military eff orb, violated the

law of war, Because of the unprecedented developments in this war, thia task wars wfthout p8rdlal both from the standpoint of its magnitude and the novel questiana of international law involved,

This report relative to the war crimes operation covers the period from June 1944 to July 1948, The command comprising the

United Statas Amed Forcee Ixl Europe was known as "%uropeanTheater of Operations, United S%ates Army," until 1 July 1945; EM 'Wnited

States Forces, J3uro~ea.nTheater, " from tba%date to 15 PWch 1947; and ss '!European Command, " following the lakter date, Each of thesa commands ordinarily will, be herei&"&er referred to as the "%wropean

Theater." The title of "Cormandiq C&neral." WM applied to the commander of" the firat two eommm~ds, and the title of' "Commander.-in-

Chief" is applied to ths commander 0% the European Command, The commander of each of these commmds ordi~imilywill be hereinafter referred to as the "Theater Comdar, " Ti?%Supreme Commander, Allied ExpedStiomy Force, was also Commanding General, European

Theater of Operations, United States Army, The unified command of

Allied Expeditionary Force was terminated on 13 July 1945. The

Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, will ordinarily

be hereinafter referred to as "SHAE.F," The principal legal officer

of the European Theater of Operations, United States Army, and the

United Skates Forces, Europeau Theater, was designated as the

"Theater Judge Ad~ocate,'~Upon %he organization of the European

Commarnd he was designated as the "Judge Advoeate, European Co?ntnand,"

The principal legal officer of these three commands will ordinarily . , be herairntsr referred to as the "Judge Advocate."

In carrybg out the assigned wm crimes mission, the Judge

Advoeate operated throngh the WELL- Crimes Group, which formed a part

of his off ice, until Ib Novelflber 1946, On that date the War Crimes

Group was organized as a unit, designated as ?'7708 War Crimes Group."

Both these ageaofes ordinarily will be hereinafter rkferred to as

the "War Crimes GroupOgrThe Dcsputy Judge Advocate for War Crimes Ir will ordinarily be hereh-E"tar referred to as "Deputy Judge Advoeate."

Ha, was in charge of the War Crimea Group of the Judge Ad~ocate~s

Wfiee. Mter the orgdza%ionof 7708 War Crimes Group, the Deputy

Judge Ad-sroeate served. cot only as such staff officer of Headquarters,

Emapean Theater, but also rn Coumndirg Of'iicer, 7708 War Crimes

Group. Because of change3 in the apposite mission directives, in the

organization of' war crimes agencies, and in the assignment of operational responsi'b ility, and pest icularly because operational

control was progressively centralized in Headquarters, European

Theater, some aspects or the operation can be 'best treated by con-

aidering the mlssion in its four main phmes, i,e., the "preliminary

phase," early 1944 to December 1944; the ''first phase,'' January 1945

to July 1945; the "aecond phase," July 1945 to July ~94b;and the

"third phase," July 1946 thro~hJune 1948, These dates only form

rough boundaries for the phases and in some ~nstmesthe boundaries

are not distinct, there being an overlap of the phases into the

periods indicated, The preliminary phase is iwked by a suba'Eantial

Lack of na-t;ional pollcy as to the punishment of those who committed

war crimes, broad restrictions on trials of war criminals, and almost

a complete lack of appreciaticln sf the magnitude of the impsndlng

problem. During the first -phase, laitiu opara%ional responsibility

was in the a~-mygroups and the maJor comands In the cotummications

zone, with primary emphasis on the collection of evidence and the

apprehension of war criminal suspects, Ihrrine; most of this phase it

was still rmt appreciated %ha% war crlmes had been comrnlttad on an

exbremely vas-1; scale. In the secc~ndphase, which was whoLly witkin the occupation period, %ha reatrlctions on trlals were removed, bub

initial operational respomib ility %s ko the investigation and triaa

of cases remained decsntrallzed and rested. with tlh? Third aaad Sevenkh

United States Armies of Uceupation and the United Sta-kas Forces in

Austr.ia, Wing the third phase, t.he operational. respons ib ibity for the entire operation in the US Zone of Occupwkion, Germany, was assumed by Headquarters, European Theater, Initial operational responsibility was assigned to the Deputy Judge Advocate, The primary purpose of this report is to provide a historical summary of the probi.ems mcomtered, together with their solutions, for the benefit of those who might in the fnf4vrc+be asaigmd a similar miasim-, l>%ileit is not believed prmtfcable to sat forth with partfcdarity all of' the numerous novel legal. questions en*- comtered or all the problems which obstructed operations, the major legal, and operational problems will be briefly treat~d, In this ~oruaectiorz,a oon-binuaus shortage of guabified personnel was the cmdfml impedimnt, 11. m4n'JIa'TIATION_

A. First Pha*sq:

During this phase the War Crimes Group was located in

Paris, fiance, with Theater Headquarters, llo prior mraxlgemenbs hava -been made therefor, it was virtually impossible to obtain personnelwithln the European Theater to staff the War Crimes Group, the war crimes agencies in subordinate comands, md the War Crimes

Investigating Teams.

SU?3 concluded that most of the violations of the Law of war had been committed outside C;emy and, consequently, antici- pated that most of the war crimes investigations would be effected outside Germany. There being no appreciation of the tremendous number of war crimes which had been and were being committed, the hasty plans as to organization, personnel, equipment and fetcilities were Inadequate for the rnisslon at hand, Furthermore, the War

Department took no effective steps to make trained or untrained persoanel available and it was not m%ilthe end of hostilities that a substantial number of personnel for the war @rimesoperation eouid be made available within the European Theater. Prior to that. tlme, only a nucleus of personnel had been obtained for the War Crimes

Grou-p .=d the vcw crimes branches of the arny groups armies,

Only seven War Crimes investigating Teams were organized prior to the end of hostilities, the remaining 12 'being soon thereafter staffed and organized in accordance Hth prior plans. Realizing

that parsoml for the mission were not available in the European

Theater, urgent requests therefor were continuou8ly made of the War

Department by teletype eqnferen.ces and o-t;herwisa, commencing in

April 1945. Simllm difficulties continued m%ilthe eessat ion of

hostilitlas in the procurement of specialized or ordinary equipment,

such m ordinary equipment necessary for the organiza%l.on,of War

Crimbs Investigating Teams.

The dominant obJective of the United States hodForces

in mope being the forcing of eapituktion on the part of the

memy and in the absenee of prior plans therefor, it is not unusual

that difficulty was encountered by Theater Headqwters In focusing

the attention of subordinate commands upon the necessity adurgency of investigatiom, apprehensions, and congregation of war erim9nal. suspects and Wrieradly wiLnesses to war crimes,

=- Near the end of this phase it was apparent, that the War

Crimes Group wm located too remotely from most of the field war

erims agenaicss, Corasequen-bly, upon %heRo~tPanof the plan for

Theater Headquarters to move to fimmt, hm,plawere im-.

mesdia%elymade and placed into sf2'ect for the War Crjimea Group to

move to Wlesbaden, Germany, by intemltterrt; air Iffts, as office

space and quarters for the personnel became available.

B, Second Phase:

The movement of the War Grimes Group to Wiesbaden W~B coqleted early in this phase. Yhe personnel in the War Crlmes Branch,

Headpuar-t;ers, Il'weUth iLmy Group, were transferred to the war Crimes

~roup. The I'welf'tn Army Group wm rslle'cred or aLd further responsl- billty in eonraectlon with the war crime8 operation, Ueo, the War

Crimes Group thereat%er operated the newly created War'Crimes Xvidence and Iraeestigati.on Center. - A chart, showing the orgmizatlon of the

War Crimes Group and indicating the field war crimes agencle,s aa of

Juiy 1945 appears in Appendix I,

I'heater Headquarksera consP;antLy urged the lJar Yapartmtj~t to msist in the procureme~tof the personnel essential to a timely completion of' the program and made every effort to reassign to %he '

War Crimes Group personnel In the &mopean Theater who had sxpsri- ence and qualit'ications suitable or approachlxg those required for the war crimes wore, Nevertheless,. the extremely rapid redeploy- ment of personneb from %he Xuropem Theater, both prior and subset-, quent to the fall. of' Japan, reauLted lra serlous personnel losstss to the mderst&'$sd war crimes agencies as ~ndlcatedin Appsndlx 11,

A senior ofilcsr from the War Crimes Group was plasd on temporary d~atynth khs War afrpwtm~~t;during the l%&carpart of $he *as@ to ald m 'the procuremen% oY persom~lfcr the opera%lon,

Although the War Crimes Groug formed a portion of the

Judge Adro~ate01v1sion9 a s8c%trlonb%he =work of" the War Crzmes

Group wm prlw1Ly opera%ional. In character ma 1%was lmperatlve that adlequa-ba trampoh be avallabis to and wader I%# aoatrob in order that investigatiom and urgent apprehensions be expeditiously and effectively made. Gradually the needed transport was thus

assigned, Experience also demonstrated that the percentage of

deadlined transport was ~mel.yhigh and that the war er-fmes

operation was being inordinately delayed so long e.a reliance was

had upon obtaining second and third echelon maintenance from the

already overburdened ordnance maintenance shops then available,

ConsequentlyS %he War Crimes Group perfomd its own second and third echelon mebintenanee. Provost Marshal agencies were overburdened with assigned primary missions, including the detention of hmdreds of thousands &,qrisoners of war, and could not render effective and timely service in moving individuals of wm crime# interest, The intelli-

gence agencies were also overburdened with assigned intelligence and aee~i~yfunctions, ineluding the enormous task of screening

and processing a tremendous number of individuals in automatio asrest

,- aa,tegorlea and, corasequen-bly, could not fm&sh war crl%@a agencies i adequ~teapprehension service. Shortages of personnel for other

judge advocate work in %he armies were so aevere that war crimes

personnel were used for functions other than investigation. of war

erimee cases and aiding in the screening of those in detentfon.

Simflarly, although the Wax Crimes Group was also seriously under-

staffed during the second ph.ase, personnel thereof, including court

reporters azad lawyers, were utilized for long periods of time in

comection with prominent and extended courts-martid cases then being tried.

As during the first phase9 in this second phase the operational responsibility was in the armies adthe War Crlmes Group could only make suggestions to the war crlzlles branches of the mies as to asslgnmnt of personnel for duty In comection wlkh investl- gatlons mu servlce on was crimes tribunals, prlorltles to be glven

Lo certaln cases, etc. Sirnllarly, only suggestlorn could be made to those branches as to the, scrsenlng and movement of" individuals thought to be of war crimes mtsrest and the essentfEll. coqregation of those wanted for war crimes ~n Central Suspect and Witness En- closwes. As to such screening and congregation those branches I could merely request prompt action by other agencles of their eead- quarkers,

While many administrative difSiculties were encctuntJered during, this phase, as will be hereinafter demonstrated, the domln.an-L and 8.11 important impediment to t.he proper c. ocrdinazion of the operation and a vigorous prosecution of' the missim was the absence of centralized eonGrol, C, --Third Phase: Meas the ouxset of this phase, efSorGs on the par% of %he

Was Uepartment to proewe personnel la substmltial numbers for the stcsffmg of' the wm crimes agenclss, which had always been w-uer- st&f ed, began to bear fruit, However, many or the personn.el were, not well quallT"led, Srom the standpoint of' experience and trainlag, for the work, The Seuenth United States Army had been inactivated in

early 1gb1.6, At the outset of this third phase the Third United

States Amy wm relieved of all responsibility in connection with .

the development adtrid of" war @rimescmaa asd operational

raspomibility was msumed by Theater Headquarters, Following that

msumption of responsibilities and with a view to centralizing the

~perat~ion,the Was Criminal Prison was established at Landsberg,

Gemnany, the War Crimes Enclosure was established at &ehSw+hvyB

and all wm ~rfmstribmal,s were moved to Dachau, The personnel

assigned to the Way. Crim~.Branch,Third United States Army, were

transferred to %he Was Crfmes Group and the War Crimes Investigating

Team were plaeed under the operational control of the bdsr Crimes

1 Group (~pp,111) ,

With the centralization of detention md trial activities

In the facilities at Da~hau, it beem apparent that the Wax Crimes

Group --was located too far therefrom, Also Theater Hsadquarters was

of %he opinion ti:hat administrative and supply support for the opar-

ation eoula bs Improved, if the War Crimes Group eznd all its field

~eg2c"rie~Vera organized fn%o a separcz-ba n.umbered wit eommagdsd by

Consequently, the 7708 WEW Crfmas Group was organized with

I%sinftid s%a%iona%%.igflburg, Germany, which was the closest point to kehau where anything appromhing suitable facilities %or the headqnarters was availalbe (~pps,Ig, 6r, TI, VII). Renovation of the ha Caseme into whieh the headq~laztersof the War Crimes Group moved was begun by the Augsburg Military Post in Or=t,obar 1.946,

The move was made by rail follcwing tqhemiddle of November, However,

the bulk of %ha work of renovating the facilities for offices, bar-

racks, quarters, messes, clubs, motor min%enan@e shops, ets., wae

not com-pleted until. near the end of" January ~9%7~Thls move together

with the subsequent administrative burdew incident to aiding in

renovating the faciliiies, considerable of which work had to be doc-e

by War Crimes Group persomel, severely in'clarfered with the war

crjgles operation. Not long after the renovation work on the faclli-

ties at Augsburg had been completed, Theater Haadquartera deemed It

to be imperakive that Headqu~~ers,7708 War Crimes Group, mcve to

Freising, Germany. The undemnaaned bJunfe.h Militxry Post cotc~ldnot f mish many of the minimum t~ypesof housakeep9n.g services a% the

Freising Sub-post, Moreover, electric: cwran.F, was only available spasmodf calby, water supply inclucl2ng t,lra% for fire protsetion was almost non-existen% durLng &o~$ht periods, ?ad a,dequat,e bills%s and housirg %,ere no% a~rxilabbe,

Finally, tvhehaadquarters of the War Crimes Group was momd to the If8Gr-a~C1mern.e in Mim1.c:h, Ga-y, ixr Sep3ernber $947, where v.ery aahisf% tory facs-3lit:iss wrr: made available anfi &x~eI.:l.e~& hou.sek;aepisa services were f-wr~1sh.edby the LI.mSch Ml%l,tmyPost, the opera%io~of messe~and clubs, and the FmiaSnJ.ng of ?bird echelon ma.inksnance, utilj.tiLes services, at;c.;, , beis4 ms7.?m8d. by the Munich MiUtmy Post,

Adaquatie hou.sekee.ping s%r~li;92nd swpp1.y support 8% the bu'er Crimes &closure for the screening activities and for the war crimes

tribmals were not obtained until the first half of 194Te

During the mlddle of 1947, in order to reduce the, admlni-

strative burdem of the Was Crimes Group, the offfcers assigned to

the Daehau Detaohmcsnt who were serving on war crimes tribunals wewe

=signed to the Munich Military Post for du%y wfth the War Crjimas Group, The enlisted mn assigned to %hatdetaehm~ntwere similarly

assigxled. During the autumn of 1947$ the en9,islsd men on duty with %he, headquarters of the War Crimes Group were attached to the Munich

Military Post for rations, quarters, suppl-y, administration and .

discipline, 111. =s

A, PreliIrli~~ay.~:

1. Expl~rat~ionof--Legal &ob1.em0 Aa reports of war

~rimescommitted by eneqy militmy md c:ivflium personae1 upon natforals of the Uxlli%ed States m-d its A1.bl.e~becane more nmerous

.andSrequen*, it was obvious that a well defined national poaiog would be established -m tc the pu.rdshment9 of bhom responsrEble for such crimes, Consequently, some ofithe mtl.oipa%~dlegal prdblem were explored m.d analyzed,

For instance, it was not set.tled law that %he protectfolzs extended to prisoners of war by the Geneva (Prisoners of war? COE-

extend to prisoners of war who commit war crimes prior to their 2 capture, Similarly, it was not settled law that the proviaions ofthe Art;i@les of Way', paxt8cuParly ArtioEas 25 zmd 38, ars not T applicable to proee@dilngs before war crimes t.r%bmls, The cm- clusion was reached %ha;%-5216 c2-en.d~~(Prisoners at' War) Con~m-Lian grauSJs 30 special riglit,s %o prlsaness of war who Qmvecom~-iJjted war crimes. It was also i?0nc:L~d8dthat, %he Art>leZ.ea of War are not applicable %o procesdfnga before war erfmss tributzafe , 90~. thereafter the UnT%ed Natfom Wtw Crimes CoWssio-sz, ord.inmi$y hereinafter referred to as the %7NCC, '' reahad a similar cozlclxsf 9x1 as to the first problem adIn 1.945 the Suprene Court of" the Ur~i%eD 1 States considered both problem and reached like con.clwions,

Another ill~st~ratfon of the preliminary planning was the prepasat ion 4 of an mlysis 0% regulations for Military Commissions, 2, Mission Directives, a, Reports and Investigations, In November 194k

the Secretary of War directed The Judge Advocate Gsntiral to es-

tablish in the Office of The Judge Advocate General a Wa;r Crimes

~fflae,~While some oonsideration was given by SBAEF to the invssti-

gation 0% war crimes prior to the invasion of Europe, no plan wa~

initiated therefor mtil 20 August 1944, 697 The army group com- manders, as well as @ommaa?dersof llLajor eommands in the communi- catioraa zone, were directed to report incidents invoEving war crimes Sn a. manner prescribed in $he directive, They were i&ormtd that

a standing Court of' Inquiry had been established in W!',operating

under the direetian of %ha As8istmt Chief of' Staff, G-1, that

SEWF would determine whether incidents reported vodd be referred

to %he COW^ 02 Inquiry %or 1raveetiga%ion, ri

Court of kquiry, anJ-y aa to incidents involving &lied military

geraoacl as viatima, 899 Latar, reports vere required 88 to &11 10 war erimcss, irrespe~tf~eof" the status or natfona%ity of' the viehim.

Elear the end of this preliminary pbase, the principle was accepted

that, each country was reaponsibla for the investigation of' wax crimes 11,12 committed against i-bs natio.aals, The applicable procedure contemplated that Sl3AEF fommd reports of' was crimes to the appro-

priate authority of the aomkry whose nationals ware fnvolbved as 11 victims, However, i't was atill ~ontsmpba~etlthat the in~estfgaticm

of cases involving Britf sh or American m,tf o&s, mElitwg. or

civflim, aa3 aictilms wm the primary rasponsfbi9fty 0% the Comb 11 of Ihquiry, The volume of sach report;s increased to nmribers many times more than was an%icipa%ed, ~ons&~uen.tl~,0n.U the more flagrant adheinow cases involving Americ..m or Britiiih millr;,wy personnel were submit-Ledto the Cowt of Iaq~lryfor in~~aaL.ig~~,S-f~n

P~ent~heticall.y,it is not@wctrt,hythat SHAEF was of the slew that the maJority of war crimes had been conmittcsd outside G8my m.d 1-2 that investigations would be "for the most part, outside &ma;yOJ9

b, Apprehension m,d hten-bion, The procedure prcvided that &Ser appropriate deve1opmen.t; of the reported war crimes asa as the codry ooncsmed would request that the names of hhe perpetrators be placed OE the TJlWCC ida.ntIe5 Lists, These lists mre to be fomarded by Smm to subordim-he c0m.b for the apprahenslo~s 7, %Q of the %TELL- coriminal suspsota. hitia%ly, the.dPreetfves to

upon ayprehend-9~those war crrimrEm1 s-m~ectswhose names appearad.

QII. lists ftmlfshed. by SI3AEF, foe,, the In~~ideralswhose nsms 7 eppeased oa the UlWCC Wcmted Lists.

Throraghout the preliminmy phase, aegreget"6lo.n of 1rar 16 criminal suspeet~in detention. was prohibited and i-b was speelflcer%Ey provided tha*, ir~es~ectiv~?of vhe%her thsy 5rmt-s prl scmeru of war or civilians, they were to be grmted the privileges afforded by 7 the Geneva (Prisoners of war) Convention to prisoners of war.

Notations as to the crimes in which the individuals were involved

yere to be made on the records of those evmuated, 7

c. Trials. Probably motivated by coneern as to

reprfsaU, the Combined Chiefs of Staff' established the policy that

war er5minal suspects would not be tried prior to the cessation of

hostilitia~with ~crman~,'~However, it was not considered by

Headqu&ers, European Theater, that to try those charged with such

violations of the law of war as threatened or impaired the security

of the TY3i";d StaTes Armed Forces, "or the effectiveness and ability

/ of such forces or members thereof," would constitute a violation

of that policy, 14

'%ulss of Land W&me," was amended by Chmge No, 1 which

elirainmted a proviaion in paragraph 347 providfng that menibera

a6 armed forces wall not be punished.for war crimas "aodtted li under the orders or sanction of the* goverms9nt or commandera,

and which adclad paragraph. 3k5,1 providing that the fact that war

csims were sc~mmfttedpmamnk "to orbr of a superior or gcv9rn-

oziLpab:fbity, ei%herby way of defeme or .In mbtlgettioaz of punishment. ''

do Exiradition. Similarly, the policies of the

Combima Chief's of Staff prohibited the grant& of tx&rOdB%$~-~ and surrender requests filed with American or British forces by

other United Mations untiL &ter the lifting of the ban on Srlals, 1.3

. Operational Xesponsibillty.

a. Beports and ~nvesti~ations.It does not appear

that steps were taken by commands 2n the communications zone to

implemen-t the diracti.ves.

In the combat zone most comarlus asslgnsh supervisory responsibility to their judge advocdte sections, bowever, as did

Sm,lower commands :in some instances assigned all or part of this responsiblllty to the assistant chiefs of stafi', ~-1.l~In most Instances the operatlollal rasponslblllty was passed d,~vmar! far as armies and In some lnstances as far as divisions, There was no wnif ormity at the operational level as to the agency assigned operational responsibility, Of necessity, the reporting of war cyimes incidents was made the responsloliity of all personnel.

However, the re~pons~bilityfor making the investigations, the tne and extent of which were not clear1.y dellneated oy SW3T directives, was variously aaslgned to the judge advocates, the inspectors general, the assistant chiefs of staff, G-2, or to several agenties.

b. Apprel~ensionand Detention. Similarly, in the communications zone there was no implementation of the directives as to apprehension and deteil-tiion and in the combat zone these functiocs were decsntrallzed to the lowest possible level, being assigned indiscriminately to one or more weixis~in addltion to their aormetl. fmetions. No provlaioki was made for the congregation of' war ~rimimlsuspsets,

B, Birst PB~Q: 1, Misaion D$~.ectises.

a, Reports and k~est%gations, Meax the end of

hcemb~r19&, %he Wax Depmtamnt issued a dfreetive providing for

the astpablisbmn% 02 a branch in the Office of the Judge Advocate,

Emcrp~an%%eater, operating under the general, supervision of ad

• sammuni~atiwdirectly with The Judge Advocate General, having as

''i-bs primary fm~tionthe investigation of alleged war crimes, and

the collection of evidence relating thereto, including, for trans-

mission to the governments concerned, evidence relating to was 16 crfms committed aga5m-k mtio~sof other United Nations,"

Thls dfrastivs was implemn.ad by the European Theater on

2k Februaxy 1945,17318 It vsa directed that the army groupa establish

war crimes branahas In the Judge advocate saeBlons of their head-

quartera; that those branches funstion under the supervision of the

Judge advocate in cmy-%ngout the reaponsibiabP-bfm of the War Grimes Group (than located in ParSs, fiance), but under the operational.

control of %he a~r?nygroup @omfiere; that '!Reports of' War Crimesn

be ~lubmitted, those in %h~combat zone to be chamePEed through

army judge advocetaa and those in the eomrm;uaieatiom zone to be

foxwarded direat %o %he War Crlmcss Group; and %ha%full atad oomplete

wbn~est&atiomof War Crimest1 be submitted as to all war crimes incid~ntsinvolving American nationa%s aa victims. Direct communications between war crimes agencies waa authorized.

The principal commands in the communications zone and air

force comesnib were directed to screen all patients in general

hospitals as well as all US militmy or civilian personnel arriving

at an$ assembly or staging area in order,to identify those in pos-

~ir.rron of infomation regardmng war orlmes .I9 Aii those in J -,sossession of such information were to be interrogated under oath.

It was prescribed that the screening and interrogating be effected

by ;sersonncl under the supervision of the staff Judge advocate of

-the various conmands. The principal objective of the plan was to

perpetuate in the form of sworn testimony all evidence which could

be furnished by recovered prisoners of war and all military and

civilian personnel prior to their departure from the theater to

other theaters of war or to the Zone of Interior.

To facilitate the taking of oaths a directive was issued

providing that all commissioned officers assigned to duty with the

War Crimes Group or the wssl crimes branches of other headquarters

in the theater =are, within the -purview of Article of War 114,

hereby detailed to conduct such investigations in connection with

alleged war crimes as may be directed by the commanding general of the command conctsrned. n 20

Military intelligence personnel in the European Theater were directed to forward immediately all information a,a to was crimes obtained by them in the course of their intelligence functions to the war crimes branch of the headquarters to which they were assigned or, if assigned to headquarters lower than an army, to the war crimes branch of the army,21 b. Apprehension and htention. The War Department implemented the policy of the Combined Chiefs of Staff prohibiting

the ~egreationof war criminal suspects and directed that they be

handled in such manner afl to avoid disclosure that they were 3eiq

held for fukure trials. 16

All commands were directed to prepare Wanted Reports on

forma prescribed by the Central Registry of War Criminals and

Security Suspects, hereinafter referred to aa 'WOWOASS9t1as to all war criminal suspects and forward the sama in triplicate to the

War Crimes Group, the original to be forwarded to CROWCASS and one 21 copy to the Theater Provost Marshal.

'It waa also directed that all prisoners of war suspected

of war crimes be congregated aa follows:

"( 1) 'ether rank Quspeots at Continental Central Prisoners of War Enclosure No 13, Nomnandy Base Section, Communications Zone

2 rankgwitnesses at Continental Central Prisoner of War Enclosure 1Uc 21, Normandy , . Base Section, CommbWBion~~Zone "(3) BOfficer suspects and witnes~esat Continental Central Prisoner of War &eloeure No 25, Nornandy Base Section, Communicatione Zonen

Thi~eongre&ation waa considered essential in order to facilitate

the interrogation of the war criminal suspacta and the development

of the evidence in war crimes cases, The removaj, of" war criminal

~uspecSb"~~&~~riendlywitnesses to war crimes from the European Theater or from any of the Continental Central .Prisoner of" War 21 Encboames was prohibited,

e, TrilsJ,s. The Wecr Bpm-brnent recognized the appro- prlateznbss of trying immediately those war criminals who haeom- mitt-,ed war crimes which in~o1m~dthe a8secwftyox $316 suc~esa%u~ ul.6 olslrry%ngvat of military operatiom 07 o~zupatia~.

2. OperatIomE Rs~pomibibitg,

a, Judge Mvoeats Sections, The only change during thia phme in -tihe msigzmcn% of operational. responsibi%ftywm the placing of th~responsibility for supervision of reportfa and investigating war crimes in the judge advoeatia ~~ectiomof the sari- ow o-d~. 1% was d.irected %ha% emh army Judge dvocsbe "direct the ee-bivi$fes of' Amy war crima prsomel," including formal wnd

the orgmieatlor, of 69 formal War Crimes Investfga%irigTeam, ei&b to be B W B ~ A%O~ Be&q&@ra9~ Fmu%h Group, for a%t~b~% to its &es; three to be ami~$raedto Hedqumters, S9xth Amy

of the base seotions, somunfoatias zone; md two to be msi~ned to BeaMg~tarsCommand, Emopan Theater, under the immediate oper- atiomd. contr01 of) the War Crimes Group, Coordj,ndtion With Other United Natfom, Prior to %he 3. -,,------. .."-.----a initfation of war crimes program by United Natiow, the United

Natfona War Crimes Commisalon wers established in London, Moot of the United Nations concerned were represented thereon, exsy,spt for Ruesia,

In this first phase it became apparent that additlonab steps were necessary to coordinate the activities of American war crimes agencies with the war crimes agencies of other United Nations,

SHAEl? directed the Twelfth Army Group to establish a Was Crimes Evidence and Investigation Center, ordinmily hereinafter referred to as the "Records Center," at Wieabaden, Germany, to serve as a center %or the concentration of all records and evidence relating to war crimes collected in the European Theater, such records and evidence to be available to repreaesltatives of all United Na%ions, The originals were not to be removed from the Records Center,23

CROWCASS, referred to above, was established in April

1945$ to service the Unite6 Natiom war crimes agensiee aa to inf'omnation 6one;erning wanted war criminal suspects and witnesses to war crimes 24 The system provided that Wanted Reports covering , wanted peraons would be filed with CROWCASS by interestsd nations; that CROWCASS would issue and distribute Wanted Lists;; that those having custody of wanted individuals would file Detention Reports wiith CROWCASS; and that CROWCASS would-issue and distribute Detention Lists. After the inactivation of' SBAEF, the operation of CROWCASS became a Joint American, British and E'renoh venture,

Still later it came under the control of the Control Cow~cll,Bsrfin, C, Seeond Ph~1~le:

3, Trial of Leaders of European Axis, In May 1945 the Robert Xo PTskeosa ~EIth6 r ~ p of %het 'TJnttsa States and

m its Chisf cxf CowaB 3-h preg.ming an& prsseeutiq charges of

a%roof$fss and ww CP~Bagtx9.1u-k BUD^ of %he Ldd.ers3 of the European

AXIR poversagand. %heir prWPfpkLagen%s ad~ecEubgsorIcss a~ %he Uni%ed

Statss may wee W~CBany 0: the IJxtited ;l!a%iom to bring to %rfa before m ln~ier-aa%%onalmIBSt8,wy%r%bml, .In ~o&ormf%ywith $h% . . MQBCOFTbc%aratftm of 30 O6%abbr 1~43~Mro ckaxstioe Jmkaon em- pleted Sn. Awt19451 .@he r8g31;la%Xon of the I;andon Agreemnt vfkh

Great BrX%ImS fi,m~eand Rwsia re%a%%mto %he proseou-bion andl 25 pwa!.ahen%, of' %he mJor Axi~war c.,ri&ds,

2 Mission --" ,-...-Dfrectivtae."....-.. .>-. .,.-*.. a, Se opeo The f l.s~tcomprc%h@-%qf~edl.re@tivaiseued bg tthe $ob% Chisfa of SL&~ was BO~%&~CXi~n their d~ec%im1023/10~

8 ,Tul;y 1.3@. B~9iagr@ap~wfhbf OF %ha &ERCtl.v@ appBf~a%Ionof' %$at birectkv-e, l-t becam n.eseiuaary for the Judge ,Uv~ca%a%o propose

%,.ha.bs~xd~nsof %he direot%wwhere %hey mi&% be noat ~ppx~crprfatdy pEsssd, The prcrtxtdme %lienh,opera%ionp?arr%dsdfor the %rial of

in (3mwny end Awtrla and are- ovemby the Unitad States Armad However, the scope of the operation contemplated by this directive was much broader and necessitated a plan for the trial of cases involving other "atrocities and offenses, including atrocities and pereecutions on racial,.. religious or political grounds, committed since 30 January 1933., '' The plan submitted placed chief responsibility for the trial pf these accused, who were not war criminals wanted for trial by the bternational Militazy Tribunal, on the Director,

Of'fise of Wlitary Government for Garmany (US), It, envisioned

the taking of appropriate action to enable the Garman courts to perform the duty of bringing to justice thoae in. this aatagory who were non-United Nations nationals .26 In implementing this

plan the Law for Liberation from National Soeialicrm and Militarism was enacted by the Minister-President8 in the US Zone of Ocoupation.,

Germany, vestiw Gem courts with special power to try individuals %or the crimes in question and prescribing a xocedur~stherefor, 27 Further pwsu* %he proper allocation of responsibilities under the Join% Chiefs of Staff directive 1023/b0 to the Theater

Commder, a, portion of the plan contemplated extending the trials

of war eriminala to (1) such leaders of the European Axis powers and their-principalagents and accessories as were not under indict- ment before the International,Military Tribunal in the trial then

in process and (2) members of groups and organizations which might be declared criminal by the International Military Tkibm~z!l~ In accordance with recommendations made to the War Depmtiaent?, the President implemented thia portion of the plan by the issuance of Executive Order 9679 on 16 January 1946, b , Operational Responsibility, Following the end of aetive operations wainst the enemy, the War Crimes Group was moved to Wiesbaden In the vicinity of FranlsPurt, Germany, This was done In advaueo of the planned move or the 'theater lloadqu.mt;ers from Pmia to Franlgurt, While the move was in propsss, the Sixth

Arrny Group was inactivated, Upoii completion of the move, th.e

ThreUth Army Group was relieved of all responsibility in connection with the eolbeetIon and perpetuation of evidence relative to war . orlmes aa web1 as the operation of the War Crimes Evidence and

Investigation Center. These functions were assumed by Theater Headquarters,28

The Third and Seventh United States Armies were assigned occupational responsibility in the Eastern and Western Areas, respeotively, US Zone of Ocsupation, Germany, The war crimes branches of those armies had operational responsibility within their asem for the war crimes mission, Personnel for only seven War Crimes Investigating Team could be procured prior to the end of hostflities. In May and June 1945, the additional 12 War Crimes Investigating Teams were organized, staffed and assigned to lower commands substantidly in aceordanee with the plans above indicated (see 111, B, 2, b, supra), two being asa-ed to the United States Forces in Austria and one being assigned to the Assembly Area Command,

25 o , Report8 md Investiga-biosa, In August 1945 the

War bpm-timent issued a directive similw to, but more comprehensive than, the one of Deaember 1944.29 hit directive was implemented

by %he fssumee of consa&idated imtructims prescribing that all

~o~derstake sueh steps las might be n6esssary to assure that

afl rscord~and evidence relaatin@;to war crimes be forwarded

promptly to the Records Cea%sr operated by the War Crimes Group;

that, aa$L p~reoa~3.81having Zmowbed@;e of ''an Incident or an act

thought to be a. war crimess prepare a prescribed "Report of War

Crimeeeadfo~mpwd it to th@war esima branch of %heirMilitary

District or to %heWar Crines Branch, Headquarters, United States

Forces in Austria, ~s the ease might be, personnel in liberated areaa to submit such reports direatly to the WRX Crimes Group; tha%war crJmes cases would be in~estfga~edby War Crimes Investi- gathfngTam or personr,al aesigned to war crimes agenciaa; that

"gRepor%eof WEW CrimeY'in which only a8,tltonale of other United

Wa%io~.s.?sere 5nvoPved would not be investiga.i-Yd: and %hatsueh raportls would be forwarded tat:, the War Crimes Group for delivery to iappro~iatesagencies of" the gommments concerned (~pp.VIII) ,

RcrPyfri on the inherent, -powera of the Thaabr Command.er as Military Governor, a directive was iasuad empowering civilian war cp,rlmes per~om?.eL~with profeasiorLaa gretaes or ClAQ grades of seven (7) or above, %o administer oakhs, 30 do Apprehension and htention, In the Enumner of'

1945 the Combined Chiefs of Staff removed the prohibition on segregation of war criminal e~s~cts,~~In the fall of 1945 the

Assistant Chief of' Staff, 6-2, was assigned technical responsibility for the apprehension of war criminal suspects and unfriendly witnesses to war crimes,32

The Theater Provost Marshal waa assigned teohnical responsibility for the mervement of war cr.lm4nal suepots md unfriendly witnesses to war crimes wanted in connection with the

American war crimes operation or whose extradition and surrender was desired by another United Nation, Each Military Dietriot e~tablisheda Central Suspect and Witness Emlosure within reaeonable proximity of its headquastera.

The installation f omrlJ utilized aa the Dwhau Cmentration Camp near Dachau and. Civilian Inte~lmsntEnclosure No. 78 near Ludwigsburg were desiwted as such installations by the Eaatern and Western Military Districts, respectively, The United States Forces in

Austria-set aside a portion of Camg Wcus We Orr near Salzbura,

Austria, as its Central Suspect and Witness Enclosure, It was directed that those individuale of wax crimes interest then being detained in the installations jn the commuaioa%ions zone be moved to the enclosure established by the Western Military ~istrict.~~

e, Trials. In the sunnner ef 1945 the Combined , Chiefs of StaSf removed the restriction as to wax crimes trials and directed SHAEI? to proceed with such trials before Military Government Courts regardless of the nationality of the victims. 31

That directive was relayed to thd Theater The Theater Co-der empowered the ComUng Generals of the Eastern and .

Westem Military ~I)fst>rictsto create specially appointed Military

Govenimen%Courts fox* the trial of such war crimes' eases as might bs fomaxdgrd. by the Judge Advocate or his delegate for reference 35 for trial, The War Grfmes Group was designdad as the central repoaitoxy for all records of war crimes trials tried in the US Zones of 0aeupat9fonIn ~~ and Austria, 36837

- 30 Coordlna%lonWith Other United Nations, A Central r------

WrwCrima Library was establ.iehed by SHAEE' at Wiesbaden, Garmany,

,in lJ~~ly2945 under the Joint cl;ontso2 of the Deputy Judge Advooate abd the Chief" of" the Ma-Crimes Group, British Oec".upa%ionForces, 38

BoW@r)9s, it was abandoned inx August L9b5 bssawe operational

6Xpaxibace demonstixa%adtAiatt: aqy service such library could render would be s.uba%antJXalbyin duplica%fon. of that being rendered by the

Fur %hair ~owexaimca,the congregation of war criminal swpec-bs and uasfrlendly v3,lneaacss t,o war crlmes in the Central 511s- pect mid Wftliwss Ewlcs-urea i~.cludedthose .t.lhaught t.90 bd of in%erest

ather Un%fed Mat iona ,

kerfom War Crimes Liaison Detachment% were asaigned for du%y wi%h Hsradqu~?&rters~British and French Oec~pa~ionForces, he wag etatfomd in. Partls to aoordim%s%he Amexfcan war crimes aetivi- tlas with %he American. Grkvea Regia%ra'ion Command adthe French

Na%Lona,LWar Crimes WWioa, GROWCASS and other agen.cies, One was

?-sfligned fox duty with the Wiiaes of" US Chief' of' Counsel, for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Pursuant to an hvitation by SHAEF to various United

Natiom, Britishg French, Luxembourgo Belgian, Netherlands, Danish, Norwegian, Polish, Czech, and Yugoslav gommmente assigned War Crimes Liaison Det~hmentsfor duty with the Was Crbnes Group, In adldftion, some of these nations eimilarly assigned formal War Crimes InvestigatJtng Teams, 4.- Extradition; In July 1945 the prior banA& the

Ccmbined Chfefe of Staff on the grant- of extraditim and surrender requests by other United Nations as to prisoners of war in

Rritish or American custody ww lifted and authority was grated to proceed with the extradition and surrender of war criminal suspects and witmases to war erfmes to other United Nations and Italy in wcordence with stated p~licg.~~Accordingly, authority was dele- gated to the Jn&e Advocate to act for the Theater Commander, which authority was redelegated to the Deputy Judge Advocate, in the taking of action on requests made by authorized representatives of other Unlt;ed Mations and Italy for the extradition and surreFder*- of war criminal ~luspctsand witnesses to war crimes wanted in conraeetion with the war crimes operations of those natim (~pp,IX). Do 'Ilbird,:

1, Operationw3 RaaponsAbility, Lower commands were re- lleved of responsibility in connection with the developnt and trial of war crimes cases, A11 responsibility therefor was assumed

Bg Theater He&quart@rrs, operati0-1 control and responsibility being assigned Deputy Judge Advoca-be, including %he investigation

and davelopent of eases, references of emes for trial, and the prepwa-bion of" Reviews adRecommendations fop -tohe Reviewing k l A.thori%y, It waa directed thai those participants involved in mass atrocities csomitfed in the US Zone of Occupation or weas overrun by the Uni%@dSta%ssArmed Forces, who were not triad in the parent cases inv0lvl.q such mass atrocities, be triad in sub~equbntprc~~eddlngs &~pp, XI , The persam~lof' all was erimea agencies, including officers aereing on war crimes tribunals, were placed under the itmediate - control of the Deputy Judge Advooa%e, Foml bJar'Crimes Investi- gati.ng Fern were also placed mdsr his operational control.

The Judge Advoea%e wm authorized and directed to exercise' all the powers of the Theater Commander as Reviewing Authorfty in war srLmes cages where no sentence of' de:m SaTBmn pronounced

(Appo X), This was in. addition to tJha Judge Advoca%eQs rmponsibility, as legal advjsor to %heThaatar Ca-der, for the coordination of the war erlmes opara-hions, i,e,, the on* covered hereby and the one 42 proscrscuted at Nmberg by %he Chief of Counael for War Crimes, 2, = Crimes Ilrlstallatfous, The Central Suspect and Witness EncXosura established in the former Seven%hArmy Area was abandoned and provision was made for the detention of all was crlmiml suspects and unfriendly wi%nesses to war crimes of interest to %heWar Crimbs Group or wax crimes agencies of other United

Aatians in the War Crimea Enclosure, kchau, &-weC3 A major GO-d wm @~aigaxbdr~~p~ut~lb~.B.f%,y for the op~dtfmof %ha%

bataEla%flrmmrf %he fmiwhfw 02 the meaed %mf$ftiesatnd

se9~n, h 3 3leth.r~-,,,-*- of' blf w~c:~rdamewTbh recow rnmbttm, %he Thsat@rC?-d:ax djlrested %ha% %he trtw.1, of wax

%he end of 19&7 an& that all reear& 02 t,rfal. be rbviwed =d other h.6 aipests r;$ the op@ratf~nom$ba'tad. px-%orto 90 ~TWDB 19k8, IV, COLLEm'ION AlTD IlEXFLOPMENT OF EVImCE

A, Collection of Documents:

All comm$nds were assigned the general responsibility

ix~co~~eotingand fowardix evidence relating to war crimes.'7 ~t

waa particularly emphasized that militasy intelligence personnel forward such infomnation obtained in the course of their intelligence 21 functions, A$$$$$ir the creation of the Records Center, a list and -

,., I deseripkion of captured enemy documents desired waa prepared and distributed tbr 'y@&e various commnnda ~aterall cammds were specifically directed to take such steps as might be necessary

to msure that the originals of all documants and evidence relati= to war crimes were forwarded promptly to the Records Center (~pp,VIII), However, the issuance of" clear and mandatory command directives did nok reault in proper progress in the collection of such records and evidence, This is a4 le to a number of factors, e.g,, insuf- ff siant dissemina%ioa of directives, lack of attention thereto, a. general feeling by agencies that their requirements were entitled to firs%priority fn the collection and use of documents, adthe fact that the fwaotioas assigned to most agenefea in possession of such documents were disproportionate to available personnel, In the light of these circumstances, document teams were dispa%~haato the prbaipal document centers to acquaint personnel with the nstwe80f the war orimae material desired and to offer supervisory eersrioee in aocument screening, Several tons of reoords, includi~death books, etc., were collected in connection with a few of the major concentration camps, During the larst few weeks of the rapid advances of the

Wee in Germany, a large number of atrocity acenes were recorded in still $fib$ures and on motion picture film by combat photographers. - Iio war crimes peramel were available to aseist in or direct this

work and no plan existed to the preservation for war crimss purposes of the evidsnce.from this unanticipated source. Conrsequently,

no attempt wa~made to support the same by the morn testimony of

those In position to teetify EM to the accuracy of'\the scenes depicted.

Later, all such pictures and motion picture fibweke made available

by the Army Pictorial Service for screening for evideke of war

crimes, after which efforts were made to return them for the sworn teetimony -of the cabat. photographers who shot the scenes or others

who were present; and familiar with the facts, However, little was gainad by these efforts because (1) moit of the pictures and films depicted scenes of mere generd interest, (2) they were, shot by persnnnel who had no conoeptiaa as to the elements of proof' in wm

crimes ~~~888,and (3) most of those able to testify as to the scems depioted could not be located. In any event, while swh tmoordirmted maas photography may establish that war crimes and mass atrocities

'i-2~been cma~ttedon a raet soa~e,they are seldom CXP vaue as proof of the connection d par%icular individuals with speoific frotn r;law:or "l';apc>s.to c.lf Wm. CrA.mria, I' or ~-ivnn.rr> tt,h?roof, to vn'lvebla

documonto ,and tho i:worSn..tent,lruony of oyew.it~:~m.:lnc..t-~ to tho criniclti

was extremely diff lcul.l:, Thin w~.l;t. crimea m.aterlel ws.~111 inlzrly

languages and soms of" t,hnt vhich eventually provoll. L,o b@ tho most

valuable was' very frqpnnt,lry md of ten m~re3.y'bore on the fact of' .

the cornmiasion of a war crime, or mers1.y cont-eInt?d fairit leads as

to the place of comi~sion,the idantity of' Ihr? \l~~rpfttr.atorJthe

victim, or the ~it~nessen,It was essent.ixl that 1 hoea millions of .

items bo so corral.atad rn to psrmit of each beii~pl,-teecl with the

other items,, if any, which related to tlhe laciden* involvad. Only '

by such accurate explo-itatIon could the parts of the Inbumarable .

crims be pieced togsther and the cases eventually devslopod for

ria A f6w of tha more essential mechanics f'onnl~ga past of the

syatam utilfzed in t.he oprat.ions of the Records Centar in correlating the items of wax crimao material. trith -the thotl3and.s of caaes docketed ars set forth 113. Appendix XII. Some of the easantisl elements of - the procedure appl2c.able to tho processing 0.f bulk enemy documents are set forth in A.ppsndix XI11 and soma of thr:~sa applicable to the

1 procesaine; of war crimcs material relating to inaidents involving only nationals of other Unitod Nations are sat forth in Appendix XIV,

Ne,v t.he completion of %he war crimes trklalsprogram about.

18 tiom of documents which were no' larger of wa- crimcs interest and the informatim collectbed in tl,e personal. data fiEes of those . . detained in the War Crimcs Enclosure ware tlr3.nsferrcd to agencies under the supervision of' the AssisWnt Chief of Staff, G2, All wkr crimes material considered essential for retention, including the case file folders in connectim with tried and untried cases, the oed indices, etc., necessary in utilizing the sm, and the records of trial in cases tried, were transferred to the custody of the Judge Advocate Division, European Command, aa of 20 June 1948, Be Investigations:

During the preliminary phase, SUEZ', through the medium of' a Court of Xnquiry, investigated a few cases involving American nationals as viutims. These investigations were later forwarded to the War Crimes Group. However, it was not then realized that wax crimes had been committed on a scale unknown to modern hiatory, Moreover, the Court of Inquiry was not mobile either as to organization or assigned equipment. Tnasmuch as neither the

British nor the American forces had perfected or staffed war crimes organizations to cope. w3th their enomua war crimes operation, the

SHUZ Court of Inquiry operated well into the first phase.

Early directives contemplated that intelligence, impector general, asld varioua other nan-legal personnel partially or completely investigate war crimes cases. Very little effective work resulted theref'rom because such non-legal personnel had no appreciation of the elements of proof, Moreover, they were overburdened with

The difficulties encountered in developing the evidence

3n war crimes &wmb;warr&a particular emphasis; In the first and of milflzsr;ypersonn.el to other theaters of .war and the Zone of

Interior, Civi11a;n wi%nessas, mimy of whom were imported slave

la%oseurs and other ciispl~etdpersons, were also scattered, T':p

perpej%raf;orsmade every effort to conceal the- identity,

;Inasmuch a# it; was evlcient Lhat In mamy instances the

witnesses would be saatu.t,ored throughout the world before most of

the war eritues emea could t? brow3ht to t-rial and, jn view of the

fact that the csxt9raJudfeiaJ sworn testimony of witnesses was

a,dmlssSbl:e in esvldenca by the procedure applicable to the trial

of wax ~rfmcjscasesp the in.vestigatlve instructions provided that

all startement3swould be under oath, preferably in question and

zn~swtrform au-pple-mn-tmed.3 11 imtm.ces where the circwns tances so

dfatatetd wi'bh %he sworn narra,%:f~res-h;at.aments of the witnesses in

The prot:sdpare ra28t1ive to the interrogation of repatriated

A.mrl.can mi%itar$ ar~doTvilian psrsomel adpersonnel scheduled for

redeplopwt t,f~@'%her %Ileatea'sc;f war or the Zone of kterior made

pro~iaicm%or %hsident9iflcetIiotf;.of those who could give valuable

faat-irnozly as to war c.rlimes of substm.%lalimportance by the use

3.f a prescribed quca%loa~.re.19 Few psrsormel were made available by %..a commsads ci=tr>~ce~~.adand mas% of such screanl~and in'terro- gat-Lng a8 was done was af9eteJhzsd by Wm Crimes ZnvesLigating Teams assigned to supplemen%the perso~melto be made available by such cnmds (see 111, B, 1, a, supra), Moreover, the repatriated and other personnel were redeployed in such large ntmibers and with such

speed that their adequate interrogation by the war crimes personnel obtainable was impossible.

, In the second phase the operational responsibility for the

investigation of war crimes cases rested wlth the war cr-s branches of the des, aided by War primes Investigating Teams assigned to the armies. The investigation work by these field wencies waa serionely hampred by (1)heavy losses of' lrreplmeable personael in the fall of 1945 and (2) by the burden of screen- all individuals

19 the various detention installations in the f oreparb of 11946

(see V, B, post). Durlng the second phase some valuable effbrt was lost; due to the persistent proclivity on the part of field war crimes agencies to endeavor to submit nInvestigatiom of War Crimest8 as to ine idente involving only nationals of other United IY&lons ae ~iotimul,'~ratlier than to =rely submit "Reports of War Crimes" as prescribed by directives (App, VIII). In AUQUB~11945 "Standard Case Analyeis Nomenclatures" provitllng for the use of standard smols to designate victtm categories, nationalities of' victima, offense classif icati-, accused crxrstody status, and degrees of completion of proof were adopted (see superseding prqctive, App. m). It was not possible i to try all WEE crimes cases, even those involving American nationals as victima and mass atrocity cmes aggregating; several. thousands.

Furthermore, in view of the fact that no useful purpose would have been served by trydng cases other than those of camparative;i&jor importance, the adoption of such system for classifying each

dockeked way. crimes case was essential. Also in February 1946 a formal system of prioritie~lin the development of cases was =, adopted (sbe superseding ;directive, ~pp.WII) . During ff-re seeon&'phascs, 3nasmuch as direct communications between wm crimes agencies were authorized, the Wm Crimes Group endeavored to control. by means of recornmendations to the war crlmes branches of,, the armies the cases be in~resl;Lgafodand the grlcrzi- tie,s applied thereto. However, in view of the fact that field war crimes agencies ,?ere not under the co-d direction of the War

,Crimes Group during the second phase, attempts to control war crime8 investigative mtivities effectively. left, considerable to be desired as to adminiatration, pl'h?ncti3on, and the focusing of effort upon,cases of comparative major importance which showed signs of .successful development In the third?fBd&p, the control of the operation having bean centrabized,in %he.War Crimes Group,

War Crimes Isvestigatiw Detachments received their oper~tional instructf ons direct from the Cnief of the Evidsrlce Branch thereof,

Assignpents of' cases for investigatfon were made direct to the chiefs of the detac>mnts,, weekly progress reports were required, adtwo

full time inspectors made -om~ed investigations as to the , housekeeping and poduction asgects of the actifllias of the I - detachments. Production and quality of the work vere much. improved,

Draring the process of the development of' evidence in war crimes case, it was necessary for the War Crimes Group to reyeaf;edly the personnel uaed on inmstiga%%sm mrs not faPQ qWl$ied and did riot dequataly dppreaia%e%he sXsmen%sof prosf, Morsover, vS%msses,smiv:ingJ vl~-G~andl aor~csssf evideme being aeatterea,

Pmther developm'k often fnvol~edthe referring of remaQzed cmes

$0 dstaclmmnta in o%herZonas of O~c~atIm~&mO ad,in liberated

Wing the third $m.se &%er the cso~-gr@gab%onof dl wr c;ri&~almpmsta aui wsrienilly vitnaasos ho var crime8 5x1 %he

1% was ea~e~%d.alLo snzppl@m~nS; field inv@stiga%ions with rsintdrrs-

to prosure furLh@r easen%idavfdeme or apprehend principal perpa%- trators to msum aucsesaf~,proseoutlon had been to no a$raf3,

Appendix mIII graphfedly podray8 the number of cmss docketed, adrninlstratf'(~dLycl.osed, %siar€,"%c. on a quarterly kasls dwdn! tha aperakiow . 39 A, Amrehens ion :;

A task of equal complexity and difficulty to that of the

preservation of evidence aa to war crimes was the apprehension and

songregatloaa. of war crimim@srq~ctsand unfriendly witnesses to

war crim~a, Throughout the operation, a high degree of coordination

and cooperation =om United Nations was necessary in this conazeetion,

The sane WEIB tme as to Amrican agencies, particularly in the first

and second phases of the operation when military 'ktelligence ~encies wwe relied upon for apprehension service,

The 'JROWCASS system was outlined in III,B,3, supra, The miasion assigned to CZOWCASS included, in addition to the registry aerviea

in eom~ctfonwith wxr criminal suspects md unfriendly witnesses to war crimes, the furnishing of sirnilair service to the Un.i%edNa-t;iom with regard to all security suspects, including millions of members 4 of orgmization.~which might later be held to be criminal by the

~b%ernat~ione,F-F'1il~ftary Tribunal, Numb6rg. Experience demowtr atecl

%ha5 %nls latter service was one impossible of performance by one %orrcy and that9 even if the functions of CROWCASS were Limited to the furnishfw of service in eomection with the: war crimes operations, timely service would be very dlfffoult to render, In the late fall of

19%58 the fmetions of CROWCASS were limfted to the furnishing of aervdae in eoawc%t;.lonwith the war crimes operations, The servioa rssndwred by CROWCASS was no% of mewrimurn. value because (1) the decision to limit its functions was .made many month^ too late; (2) most nations

did not make any substantial effort to file Wanted Reports until late in 1946, if ever; (3) detent,ion installations, including those in the

US Zone of Occupation, seldom filed Detention Reports; (4) installations made no effort to notsy CROWCASS in the event an individual covered by . a Detsn%?mXeport was moved to mother ipstailakion; anti (5) such

service aa waa rendered waa not sufficiently timely, this delay being

assign6ble to moves, to %he novel character of the venture, and to the

diff iaolltfes in training mki%led local clerical. personnel.

During the first phase, technical responsibility for apprehension

was unassignede During the second and thira phases, it was assigned

to the Amistarat Cbief of Staff, G-2, and technical responsibility for h the movement of indivfduala was assigned to %he Theater Provost Marshal.

Ik lower eomwmds there was seldom any definite assignment of apprehension respowibility azad little emphasis was placed thereon, intelligence

elnad security function%always being given priority ifl planning and

In the third phase9 of necessity, all apprehenaiona and raovements

of iadividm3.e of urgent waz arbs interest were effected by war crimes pers oml,

It waa particularly difficult to trace perpetrators who had been menibers of en.erny taetied miteOe,g,, after all conceivable steps had been taken to Identify the prpetrators in the Malmedy Massacre,

imtxwtiosas were sent to all major comds directiw that all

fradividuds in detention be screened for the purpose of identifying %:hose who had bean membere of speej.d"iied units of the 1st SS Pmzer

[~dolfHftler) D1.vYsion0 Those Identified were to be moved to Prison

Mo. I,, Sohwabisehe Hall, an annex to the Seventh United States Army

G@n%retbSuapeat and Witness Enclosure, About 1000 were moved thereto,

Mtar amlvaE they were sorsened, Those apparently (not conmeted with

Gnena~mwMassacre were moved to prlsonar of .waz enclosures. he

'bdanele, being approximately LcOO former members of Combat Group Peiper,

wma sagr@ga%edin a m.m.ne~making comunication with each other

MmposeiloPa, Finally, a few collfesseds Thers&ter, the development of

the stme was pawsfble, b~%the cobleetion of the evidence and the

apprehemion of additional essfisr~t~ialperpetrators continued to be a.

s3,ow and tlsdtoua tmk,

"- 4 , , Directfv&~to 1.0wer eotummds as to the detention of all war

.r.rfmlnal susgacte and &ri@adly witnesses to war crimes were not

.fi<,I- .I-!.~.veLycarried out?, Motwithstarading the f aet that the War Crimefl

Group, by uae of its a-m transport, delivered Wsylit+ed Lists to lower

corn.& &nd %he pri.nGlpal app~shensf on we in^ ies and the detention

fm,t;:aLEak,%cowtherein, thc~usandsof w&r~%edindividuals were permitted

to remain in mLsoell,m@ousfmb,albatio.na. Those segregated in the

curnax~~iea"cionszone dvxin@ the f frst phrzae .were moved f ommd indis-

er3.mfwtsly during the aacorld phase to vwlous installatiom in the 33 Ws~tarnMiT%taryDistric??, ,Months of tracing of these individuals by

War Czritnes Inmstfgatdng Teams rasultad in the recovery of moat of them,

Sc)m@l.;"bmeelmgs shipment,s of Indivfduabs, whose names did not appear on Wanted Lists, were placed in the Central Suspect and Witness Enclosures. Consequently, it became necessary to prohibit such movements unless

approved in advance by the Deputy Judge Advocate after preliminary

screening at the point of origin (~pp,XI), Upon the asrival of the first usable Wanted List in December 1945,

the war crimes branches of the Third and Seventh United States Mes

and the United States Forces in Austria were requested to place in

effect a screening program outlined by the War Crimes Group, which pro-

posed that investigative personnel, assigned to those branches or War Crimes hvestigating Teams msiwd for duty with those branches, would temporarily suspend investigations and supervise and aasist in the

screening of individuals detained in their areas and in effecting the movement of individuals wanted for war crimes purposes to the Central

Suspect and Witness Enclosure of their area. As an incident of this screenfng program q'Identification of Prisoner" sheets, setting forth merely personal identification data such as name, age, birthplace,

color of" hair and eyes, units to which assigned, and positions held, etc,, were to be mde as to each individual detained in the Central

Suspect and Witness Enclosures and forwarded to the War Crimss Group

in a prescribed ntrmber of mimeographed copies. The copies were used for various correlation purposes in the War Crimes Group, Periodically, sets of the sheets received were sent to the UIWCC and sets were delivered to War Crimes Liaison Detachments of other United Natiom assigned for duty with the War Crimel~Group, calling the attention of 'the detaeben-bs'to~sh~e%aapparently relating to iiidividuals whose

g~e~ns~iappeared on Wwfaed Lists &3 being wanted by %heirgovernments,

At, tlhe ouLset of the third phase, the war criminal suspects and

wfrfendly witnesses to war crimes detained in the Central Suspect.

md Witness ~n&lualreEoeated near Ludwigsburg wer6 moved to the Way. Crimes Enclosure at Daehau. The former installation was abandoned, 4.3

.As a .result ofa preliminary screening of those detained at Ludwigsburg,

':over PQQO Vera e~i&mtsdin ~ldvanceof the movement; At the outset of th$'third 'phase, there were 8pproximtely l3,000, the actual number

'bei.ng undetermined, war criminal suspects and eriendly witnesses to

:; &Pak crimes detained in the two enclosures, together with hundreds st-ill sea%ter@d in vasions detention installations. This number was reduced +a about 12,000 det%afned in the War Crimes Enclosure on 30 Beptember 1946;

L1,Q00 on 3'1. heember l,g46; 5506, on 3%March 1947; 2000 on 30 June 31947;

and 600 on 30 September 1947, The screening load during each of the

qumtepa mentioned-Included no% only those in %heWar Crines Cnr3csjure

at the ca?x%set of the QF 33 +pi--, but ~LROthose moved in d-~wirgthe psmtf-

ou'm questsr, usually excesdfng 1000. The detention figures also

in&Il.de thoae 'det+ainedfor and covered by exbractition requests of other

aTIkIt,ed Rattons, A11 af those dekained in eonnestion with the American

war erines operation were removed from the Enclosure either by tu"fa1 or

albm%mtfonprfo-r to 3% December 194~~The remainder of those held for

~~~ra?kG%snand m.rreaader to other United nations had been removed from

the Ibebosme by lk .January 1948, The elimination of and removal of detainees from the War Crimes Enclosure could not proceed faster than the work of developing the evidence in cases thought to be of comparative major importance and the elimination of such oases by administratively closing them. This was true for the reason that no mature conclusion could be reached as to whether futher detention of most of the individuals was essential until reasonable possibilities of obtaining such essential additional

h evidence and perpetrators as were necessary to assure the successful prosecution of various cases had been exhausted. As in the investigation and development of cases, which necessitated

the eentrdized correlation and analysis of evidence, the reference of

eases for trial on a centralized basis was essential. to the proper

coordination of trials adthe schedulix thereof, imciudira the assuring

that prosecutors were provided with all available evidence, In the secmd phwe, caaes were forwarded to the Commanding General.

of the Third or Seventh United States Armies for reference for trial, As

to United States Forees ili Austria, cases were forwarded recommending that.considera%ionbe given to their referellee for trial, In %he thfrd.

phase the eases were referred for trial by the Dep~-~yJudge Advocate on beha of the Theater Commander to Military Government Courts, speial.ly appointed by Theater Headquarters, The courts were corn-prised of personnel pemnazlently assigned to the Wax Crimes Group (APP, X). At the outset of the WLW crimes trials program, n few of' the cases

were tried by Military Commissiaas (App, XlX), EI~%..c..3~7isrtihe balance were

tried before specially appointed Mflitary Govemn%Cow~ts. The more

pertlnen-h portiom of the trial ma3auaR utilized by these wax arima

trfbumbs are set forth in Appendix XX.

The trials involved d.1 way. crimes cases of compaxative major

Importance other than those tried by the Intemt,fom.1 Militmy Tribuaaa.l,

B-berg, and the approximately 175 near high Nazis tried or being tried by the subsequent proceedings in charge of the Chief of Counsel for War Crimes a%Nwnberg. The offenses involved in the cases inc1uded the

illegal killing of' surrendered American airmen by shooting and bediing

6% isolated =d rsmote points, by planned m.d instligated mobs in popu-

lated areas, and by pmtieipm~tsin the execu%ion of widespread common

designs to kill such airmen; of"$ensss near the battlefiebd ina2~dirg

viola%ions of' the Red Cross Convention, the Gmzeva (Prisoners of Fdm)

Convention., e1.j the sxeaution of' a common design eo-otemp?l,at;ingthlig,

application of" terrorism. in warfare; ~psrat~ion.of eutl;m.esia b~.t:L%~c;

tiom; and the exeelat-ion of common des i@s e.onttempl.~tingthe operation

of concentration camps, whieh operatl:ions included the xtfijection ~f

inmates, including American nation~ls,to killings, beatings, tort-mes, starvation and other abuses and indfgnit;ierr, In.one of the cases trl.eci, a charge was included which alleged %ha%the accused were members of organizatLorn declmed criminal, by the In%emaOio~:alMilitary Tribmal,

Nwnberg, knowin& t'ria.t %he orgmizatlon.s were being utilized in the commission of criminal, acts, or were psrsonet%l.y impllcaked in the con- mission of such crim3.ra.b acts,

Some of the more Sn%exsstf~icases tried weraa

Hadaas Murder Fa.o%c;tryCage ('united S%.a-kesv, liLS.aJ.a,

~3%ab, l) opinim DTAWC, February 1946, Case Xo, b2.-h49], iri

which %he accused were charged wit2 kijbbing several hm&~ed

natfo~alsof other United WakTons en the course 9UIhts

operaifon of euthanasia ilzstltu%$on,

Russe:Lheim Case [Unfted States v, Hwtgen, st a%,,

opinion IXTAWC, Sep%embsr I,gk?, Cass No, 12-Ikg7),

involving ths kllbing of several American airmen in a populated area by a mob. Two of the victims of the mob action, although thought to be dead, through an aet of' Providence escaped from a wagon loaded with oetensibly dead bodies during a second air raid alert, scaled the cemetery wall and survived to tell the story,

Malmedy Massacre Case (United States v, Bersin.,

et ale, opinion DJAYC, 0ct*ber 1947, Case No. 6-24), in which 73 members of Combat Group Peiper, a unit special,ly organized from elements of the 1st SS Panzer (Adow Hitller 1 Divisim, killed several hundred surrendered American

prisoners of war during %he Ardennes Offensive in December

1944, This was in accordance with instructions given by Hitler during a two hour speech at Bad Nauheim to his hfghest officer~lon the western front?, including General

Dietrich, Commmding General of the Sixth SS Panzer P3Ply and who was one of the accused, to prosecute the counter- offensive by applying such terrorism as to spread fear and panic among the United States Forces. Superior Orders Case (united States v, Stroop, st al,, opfnion DJlawC, September 1947, Case No. 12-2000)~ involving the execution of a common design to kill. surrendered herism. airmen throughout Webrkreia XII. The m,,cueed ranged from

Lieutenant General Stroop, Higher SS and Police .Leader af

Wehrkreis XII, down to and including the trigger men in several incidents of auch illegal killings. Other ~~xmuaLoases incrada 'the Dachau, Ikubhawen, Flossenburg,

Buehenwdd, md .Nor&llawen@oncan%ratl.onCmp Cases (Urrfted Stakes v,

Weiss, eL ax,, op:lnion MAFbG, March. 1946, @s,sa No, 000-39-2; Unlte&

States v, A%-tafuldiaeh, e-G d.,, opinion WMC, February 1947, Cma NG,

009-50-5; U~.itsdStates v, Backer, at aX,, ~ploio~1X.TAV6, May 194'7,

Came moo OQO-50-46; United. State8 v, Ma.ldi%ick,-,et do,opfnlon lXA.Fd6!,

Noveiber 19b7, Case We, 000-38-9; ~nd.TJnitad. Sta%ees 8, An&~ea, at el.,,

op9n90n .QT.AWCd, April. 19&8, Case No, (390-,5(::-9:'',7, ssspscr.tl.~ol,yg, 2s a

representative caxneentration emp cme, the Ruehenwald @ass ir'Lelu&ed.

as accused Higher 655 asad Police Leader, SS Lie~~%a~a*.t~General. Josias

Prince zu kJakdeck and 30 other a.ce.used, m.uz.qy 02' wham xere pr3:ficl.paI

members of the staff" operzting BuahenwaLd and its soores sf' s%eboamps,

Ab% conceivab1.e forms of killings were ~xt.f%izsd,5xxlr~dfngs30~tfzg~

hangin.%, inJse%%az, sRrajcl&ak1m2 beaking, kiekfng, 4a9p~~sssm,"

~urgicaloperaticn, stmattiong medical emhrixl91bt, Laclr ~f'm@hic?aL

ahb,entian pad exh%~~stionfrm ovsmrark, R%ls.a,bBe.%"2&ur9sac.6 racori2a

as to the %t:m:i ~v~bervho met %:he* deatths LnDthe various con~az%r~,%i9ao

c8np8 %-ere2r?% a~aJ6abL.e~Eicw~srer,th.e &ea%kIc a few cf the %WQEP

caps were @a%!ae;?.s 5- 9%approxi.moately 1Q03OOG, ?~J:OB k rr cmsl..tresbLs %;pe8

o? a6 6%~a1 sqs.rj.xents vere pmr;t Tsed, jnc bsjd,irg c.cad %?a$.ex exg.$r5rme~,-b~a

Precz frtiq ssrparf~ee:~%s,C;xll;lercr~Iar.mid- u~a?~mTa:sxper5neribs md ~QXUKLY~

exper5men r x r?8Z1Btl:z;,Ged~ ~ 1matt8~

Samo~gthe trfabs yere 222 eases i.~?,~ol,~rLq~642 asa.*aed and approxi=- mt7ely32h4 dlmeriem ~~tlc~dsas 'morn 81~"Ll.m,These tr5.d~are exclusive of ws atrocity cases in whieh an undetermined number of American nationals were victim. In addition to the nwIllber of victim above mentioned, probably hundreds of additional American victims were involved in these cases.

- During the operation 489 cases involving 1672 accused were tried.

The rate of completion of war crimes trials is graphically set forth

in Appendix XXI. Eight war crimes tribunals were in session simultme-

ously at the War Crimes Enclosure at Dachau dming the mador porbfwn of"

1947* While the marked increased rate of completion of trials during 1947 is to same degree assignable to the fact that a vast amount of

investigation and apprehension work had to be completed before e-o.se.n, could be referred for trial in large numbers end to the fact that a greater number of personnel was made amilable for the mlasion, it was primfly assQnable to the centralized operational control of all aspects of the operation during the third phase, including investiga%ion, apprehension, and movement of Individuals of war erfnes inkeraat. Also, by such centralization many dela~sand dilf"$iculties in ap~ointlrgCOW~B, scheduling of trials and arrangfq therefor were sv.bst

Rwsian dominated countries. Similarly, the difficul%%esof @oordln.ating war crimes aet%vitTasw-fth Czechoslovakia gradual& imrewed, No investigatfom could be made thcrejx dwbe %he %bird fiam end. nes the end of the trials program it was nearby fmpoasib%eto proaws witnesses therefrom,

Set fort;h in Appendix XXII are. data as to the eases trfed ahowing

to each, the case number, the date the trial wm completed, %he names of" %$a perpetrators, the sentences imposed, and the sentemee as azproved,

The ~mfousgavements whose natio~.dawere 9avo1md %E victim fIs mass atirocitg cases were invited to sent3 officid observers to attend such %ridsoThe UlWCC was diwqs fagritj~dto send on@L?r fvc? official cr'beem~:reto attend the mare iqortan1; trials, A. General:

Consideration is given herein only to the legal principles

aa developed in the Reviews and Recommendations as to records of trial

in war crime5 caaes aa prepared for stibaiseien %o the 3s.aiewing

Authority.

Any examination of the legal aspects involved in the trial of war criminals requires consideration of the applicable law and pro-

cedure. Except for a few cases tried by Military Commissions srt; the

outset of the program, all caaes were tried by specially appointed

Military Government Courts, separate from the courts trying offenses against the occupation. It was directed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff in their directive 1023/10, tl July 1945~that such courts should8 to the greatest practicable extent, adopt fair, simple ad expeditious procedures designed to accomplish aubstan%fd jwtiee without te~bni- aality. The propriety of instm6tiozaa of this ~Pzaraterby the executive branch of the government was u~hebdby the Supreme Cowt of %ha

United States in the case of In re Ymshita, 66 Supreme Court Reporter

340, Some general. aspects regarding procedure in MiLitary Goaerment

Courts were set forth in Title 5, t'Legal and Penal Aaminfstration" of'

"Military Government Regulations, " published by Headquarters, United

States Forces, European Theater, 30 November 1945, hereinafter referred siuxt1s.r impart, The regalatiom of 30 J!Joven&sr l9&5 wero sqsrasded by

'The proc@t!urefor Lhe trial of cases laid down 2~ th684 rule@may he modified Lo ths axt~dit)thb,"., aerkain stiepa in %ha LsEaX my be c~mf%tad.or abbr~alat~sdss X~nngas no rights grmt,ed to the mewed me dieregmded, Qsni% ,, statem~k~~:in parti eulw m?y f1:;9q~'~@~t&ybe om.i*~t~~i~., RO graatsr f'6mi%y%lii is c~ar~,siatant=witha complbote md fal'i- harirg annd.6~%heme8 x?;tlss is Beairable and tho in%rcc- d.~~Ckibn<>I?~OC.:@&$BX"~~ fgmll%tf @B from %ha 2: ,.r:::...~,r::f ,,GC.~:;': M&~f-d 02" %ran Lr9a.I &dee b,a~s6.therecm fn disi~05(3~%ed. sxcsp% whase specWfcn;l..$y raqulred by these rrd~~e~'' (Ssctha 5-352)

wThepacsediags shall. 3~:b-L ba ln,~&fdat~psd,nor ,=y $?-nd?kg or ss~.%d~zadf sapprosed, far my emc3y QI" omiaxfon, teahnlc~Xn.r o%herwiseoaom.%tgIn aach p~oasdfPG~, udasa in %be oplnf PZI of the Revievi:ig Aukhvrf ty, &ter ~xaxafn~~~lc~~of %he sntlWe ra~ord,2% &all appaiss %ha% the brrc;r cr r~~asfa? hm sasu2,ked in Sa4jua%fc,eto %kt@ a~?~anail~(Sac%ion 5-59]

sam hnr%m~cm8s [See%iam5-390 $0 5-351h8 ~~~lklsifpe,Title 51,

A $?;ljnd.a@~7t~a3cont;@p% to be kept in In2na in ~~mid@sf%tha legal a.spe~t-saf' w7a.r ~r5am1%ridsis that the appBSeab2e law 3% intema%fodal law and no% hmx-i~m.or I3rS.Gi~h~~unicIpa$GP~IIL?'~,~ lawo Likewise, the rules of" procedure and evidence applicable isa Brf.bieh ma Aulerism L musliefpaL crimfml proaeedims are no% applteabbs,

Manuals for %lie t-rial of war crimes cues -were issued, the most

recent, of which was ?Manual for Trial oflar C:rfaes wd Rebated Cases,"

15 .July 1946, as amended, hersinxfter ref erred to a8 the "Trial Manual'" QAPP, a), B, Conven-bions:

1, Ck*,mm~,)3Pr-xcir~e-rB of~g:~@$~~?;;~~ignt-a~~~.,~,2,~,23;~~4,4rrjl~~,The wax crimes *;rials provided ins-tmces of ixlterpretat71".r3nand enf'urcemen%

cf conventions on int~rnationallaw,

Article 63 of the 'Prisoners of War G~n~e~tionwas TntqerpreGed in sevsra2. cases, That article provides:

wSen%ence may be pronounced again& a prisoner of war only by the same c:ourta adacoordf.ng to same procedure as In %he case of persons belonging $0 the med forces of the detaining Ffln.13r,'"

Concerning the coua%ention by some aceused that %hey mere prisonerrr of war and, as anch, enkitbed to %rid.in ?,:cia ..;me mrfli-t;myc;omts as

American mflitzu-y personnel, it was con.c.buded that Art.ic$e 63 zlp~lied only to a aent-,ence pronounced waisst a -prlsora&r. oP war for =A oRfen.s~?i commik;ted while he vaa a prisoner of war addfd not apply to a aio7 L-ion of %he %ax of war committed yrior to hla sG~Aamas a prisoner of war, 48, 49

c.we adt;raatment, of prisoners of w,w, wre anforcsd in a case 3.22 whwhioh two leaders of a prisoner of war c-imp [ata~ag), in which several hlmddred American prisoners of" war were detained, werd tried and eon:- vSe.tad, 50

The view was 8qxesaed in -bhe 3uche1sxahd Case %hat the 2, Geneva.,(Red Cross] Glonven%isn-of 21 ~Ftl.,y1,9290 In a ease involvYng the denial of proper mesdical aid- asad atterntion to a

a direct violation 03" ATti~lbI. of %he Red Cross Conven%fon we,q

n~cm@nXWor s9fllegd"per ea and that it wegs not emor for &he Cow%

--Hague3 Conmxation No, IT----of 18 Qatsbar 1907. Following the dmiafm. of %he BYDnt~~iati~~&Mil.Itary Trib~W,~m~mbe!rg'?,

Voltme I, pages 253> 2349 it was held that 1%WE& no d@fa~ae.bo

55 BEL.~O~Ba% war,

Article 23 of" this oo~gresz2~ioayroh-PbT.te, 5m3ng cith~rP,h-s, ths im2

was held that accused wbcr rafaased the Rad &orus emblb~%?as gnf 2%~ of ~-fola%~zgtbts diale,52

(2, ------Cslar~'%a Part.fcuS.m% 1. Ths prineipk of lesser 9mlu.ded ~ffsnsswm app1%(~1?fa the

an moused paticfpated in Gh9 kfL1ia ~f',mi hericm flyer after h~ had beem t&n in%o~%~todyas a prfs0~09"QP TEC, The evidence e~5t;etbc- lished that the accused shot the flyer three times with a, small caliber piatol, but other events intervened prior to the victim's

death. %Theflyer later met his death I-6-r probably discon- nected with the ahooting:,and under circmtances where the proof failed to establish that death would have resulted from the gunshot wounds alone. The accused was convicted under the cKrnge 'and partieu- lars as alleged, In conformity with the Review and Recommendations only so much of the findings were approved as involved a finding of guilty oS.icm-assadt with intent to kill. 54

Some accused who participated in the operation of concentration camps were not tried with a ntrmber of other accused under chasge~ bottomed upon the theory of common design, discussed in VII,P, post, but separately under specific charges alleging the illegal killing of a stated number of concentration camp inmates in or about a stated month. Proof in a few of these. cases established separate illegal killings on various days of the month alleged.

Two novel questions sometimes arose in this type of @me, i,e,, (1) whether the charge and the p&icuJl%rs thereunder alleged more than one offense where more than one illegal act was involved, and (2) the legal significance of the admission of evldence as to the coztrrmtssion by the aceused of independent illegal acts not withio the time alleged.

It was held as to the first question that only one offense was alleged in the charge, i,e., a violation of the law of war. 55 The opinion was expressed that the particulars under the chas@;esufficiently apeei- fled the criminal act8 and identified the time, the place, and the victims,, Concerning the seeon.d question, it, wm held that the admission

of evidence as to separate independent illegal mta not covered by the

allagatiom doas not, in ez-nd of itssW, constitute gourds for dis-

approving findings of guilty in eases where there is sufficisnt evidence,

axeXusive of that relating to such indepamIe"6; illegal mts9 LO swtain

the, findings of guilty ae to the offense charged.,55 D, courts:--- The 5;ppli~Sbleproc;edwe req?.lircl*da m5n55m~xnc)f f Psa m~mbers

tc sit on a General Military Government Ccuzrt epeaially eansLit;?lCed ~GY

the trial of war crimes eases, Hormver, the pracadure fmGher prcv-S.ded

that in the event a member, on 22eeoun.k; of mavoidable absarice, misssd

pmt of the proceedings the president %~i%ii"aaum such l-lmfbex t>oread the record of the proceedings had during his aben-e, The view was expressed that %he temporary absents of om member cf a % 983 Cow%, vho read the record of tl.,~!-iiocal%dingshad duri~ehi8 tibse~ce,dld net

The applieab2.a prsced'us:e provided Pox t3-e %ppo.int7rnen%c>f e;, ll°lga.l,2%y . tra5ried officer &Y a member csR *,he @o-u%, Ho%re~3r~5~ ~fmof t3,16 &c~

and respo~afb-fl.%,t:l.ssto him mllagcns to thcsa of the 1a~member gsfieral ccwt,s-mgdia1, 3% " ?Id f h~ft?tb f~ia,~ef.0 appae'at a legally trained of$isar did not1result -in inJw,Gh~".d%O the ae~med.,57

I. Wfenses Commi-l;ted Prior tr:, Entry in Mar, 05L6 GT %he jurisdictional questions which arose during the course of" the trials was whether American Military Governmsnt6 Courts have jwiediction to try a war criminal for an offense committed during the w&zl but prior to %he time-theUnited States became a belligerent, The opinfon was expressed t12a.t the courts had jurisdiction over such offenses. The reason given wars that jurfaaietion of a sovereign ~t;ateto try war eriminala is derived from the common law of atio ions under which jwis- dietion t>otry war criraim.1~is an incident of the sovereign powwr cf xa independsat state, such power is TUGJ. and complete, eicert, TT~~PF~ restricted by the body cf' principles comprising the ]law of m,kk20~,1% was pointed out that it is miomtie that a state, adhering to the law of war which forms a pat of the law of nations, is in-krested in the preservation and the enforoemnt thereof', And this is tm, irrespective csf when or where the crime was connnftted, the belllgereney or am- belligerency status of the punishing power, or the m%fanalityof the .

2, Offenses Committed Outside US Zones----- of Oecu.a%fc3n0-- A similar theory was applied to offemes @omILted~~~sideU~~itedSta%es oesuyled territory, It was determined %hatno $im.it;a.JI.%~nwas impsea by applicable regulatio~and directives aa to the time or place of" commission of' a war @rimtriable by Mi%i%my CTeverment CO%IY.~B~55, 59 3. Status of Bi~tiras~The question of whe%h.ara war crimes tribunal had jwisdiot,ion to try war ~riminaL8for indfviduaX mts of violence against mtiods of Allied nations was disposed 0%"by ara 4H -wer in the aP.E"imtive, The reaaa1a.5~VBB baaed on 4uheprLneSpbs

under international law, jurisdietio~to punish a T,= ~rini~aa.in its

c~etodg.ragmdless of %he 1:;tE~zlality 0% the vfctim, 60 Under thls th@ory, 1% held th8.t; war crimes tsl'b~maabshew

oatIonds2 of com~tl-ieswho were @ obesl~igerca, 1 : - i Gemay, Ragc1.9:d-T1~

be pxas~&,aLfcr an act, to c.ct~st5-Sutea war crlne, trbfz,, ($1 She act

(3) %he orimfs.al act; mast have been c3mr&t%3d as an %~xidan%of war,

e~bam~ly ~XZBLvhe~ the n&fond c%" a c?abs%b-Pgcse~ti$ CE:~W.T~;Vf.5

4, Double tT5opardy. Withcu% deaildfag %hatUEQ ac~~usedof a ------a-

wweyimc -.s,? e~.titLedt,~the bs~-efit.$12f-k;ke Cas.st$$w$:f(n;r;c~f tiha ?Jr!lj,ad

%t,3,$,es or -Lhe oomoz7, law, Glra_ts ir:?,sr.se"lrg guest 20% ~~~gardl:~~g2sa

daeis %o s=ihJso%spso5f fad pssscim 1291E-s, ef,~, 'be. - .-P3the

ki~%bgsla Oc%&es 1939. The plea ~f dcub1~Jeopardy wae de:zziad on

$he grcwd that "ehese was a failure Go meat; the test; ofid-entity of ...... , . , . , . . . lars under the two charges differed as to tbm of oomission adas

to the legal character of the respective offenses. 64 In mother ease the accused had been on trial for participation in the execution of the common design in the Flossenburg Coneentsatfon 65 Camp Case, but the ease had been dismissed as to him under a noble

prosequi. In a subsequent trial. under specific charges of' illegal

killings of oon-Geman national-s in the Flosseraburg ConcentraC,ioas Camp

during specified months in the years 1942 and 194.3, a period of -hime

covereblt*b.f3y;an4i+kechege $n the previous case, the acewad antered a .plea

in bsr on the ground that he was being placed in double jeopwdy. Vbth-

out conceding that the benefits of the Conatitutlon of the United State8

were applicable, it wap, pointed out that there was considerable author-

ity in American municipal criminal law in support of the sisw that an

accmed is not put in jeopardy wtif the ease hm proceeded to final

judgment, resulting either in a conariotion or an mqulttal, It vas not shown that the presence of the aecu~leddwriaag part of the prior %sf&

rendered his defe-e in the subsequent erne more difficult, 1% was

held that the plea was properLy denied, lh ddlaussion, it was p~$:!.tsd. orat, that to have sustained the plea would have required the applicsatiom of teeWeal aazd legalistle methoda in rulSng on a question apparentiy

not well settled in hrican mmisipd criminal law, a prwtfce to be avoided under the requirements of TiLle 5. 66 A further aspect of double JeoparG earolt~edfrom a case in which

the aecused contended that he had been previously txied in a Gexman

district court for certain alleged criminal act8 which were the sane ac-bs for wh5~hhe WB then be- trPsd under a, charge of pmG5cipa%rEon

in %he exeeutfon of a eomon desfgn to s~bjest certain 2 +r c; Y-.;to kLlL.=

i9gsg beatsl~asget6 a Tb@opinion was expressed fn rsv1evln.g the case

-baaat the test of identfty of offenses was not mat, 1% wag ga.%zxk@tdo-ult

that the tvo trials differed in two respa~.0~s,vS.e,, (1) the charge fn

t;he iasb~~~t,cm0 alleged a srio%a%ionof the hay of war, whereas, 2% W&T

pens1 code mil (2) the chmga In the inatan-1; case? alleged partP,slpa*.S 13~-

In the exeoutiosa of a common desfgn, which b,vobvad m-Gion in ocxx&r5

- with others, ax element Ia~kiIgin. %he Gf3mtrial., Fw%k~.er~ac

amlogy was dram to the principle 9x1 -adi.L~r$~a~lurrielpalcriminal la@

mdm whfch the sac+ at mar be consid@reda,off@aseagainst two sovereigns, e.g., st~teadf ederd governments, Under that prfiic i~le an aceused may be tried by both so~ereigs%or offansas growiag mA. cf

the am@act, 49, 53) 63r 7'4 5, ClviBfanx as Wa;r------CrSm&r19,bs, -Ina number ~2 cases 25 PEE held that Jrhs law of urn is addzeassd rick only t:) combakcits sad p%blfo

F, Ccxrmon ---%al.gc::

1 - 0 Ck2sra1. Most pa~?iefparf,,s fn the opera-kicx~of oc~xi,ar~-

-t;rs~%faneaanps were triad vnder chmges and particx~lmsall;ag?~gpmL%c;i- to killings, beatings, tortures, etc,

The begal charac-teris~ticsof" common deslgn me in all materia,l

respects the sane as conspiracy, as the latter is recognized in

American municipal crimf.na1 $a$~,except that a pre~riouclyi.wncsived 53, 63 plan is not an essential elern~nt~,

On the principl-e OL victirinus kla,bf llty, accused cuml.c-i;ad of

iri varying degrees according %o the posltiozx heLd, Evidence as to

illegal acts committed by them, or others at their direcf.ion, was also

considered psrtfnen-b in measuriag the extent md ~mtmsof: the* partt-

~ipation,', 2. Separate Substanti .ve Wieme,-- In several c:or~~antra:tion 53$ 67 camp cases the charge and par%icul$;rswere ehl%e.n@;edon *;he gro'b;~n,ds

that they alleged a cornon design a,s a separatts subststl1tiive offense mil

that it had been ruled by Tribunal 111, Numberg, Gem, in. an order,

July 1947, that cornon d6>lrpT:is sot a sepma%(+~~ubst~antive offense,

It ssas determined in these eases that the charges and partfculm-s did

not allege a common design aa a sepa-57e subst&fve u~lsnse. 1% was

pointed out that the, a~ctasedwere charged wlth participa%io.r.l in 3'.h3

execution of a common desigp?. *o i;od"c1~4ssrf bed un.%akf'ul a:t,a and not,

a. common design a~ a aepa;rat,s offsnss,

3* German Bakionals as W:'C~~E~A novel q?nestj%onprase~tad

in tihe war crimes tzials coneer~~edthe: bsgwll ~i~ificanceto be at,tarhad to evidelzea, in concen%ratfoncamp CES~S iried under ewges sllegfrg participation in the execu-bioc cf a c.omlc design, showi~atha* some of the victims of acts of violence by an accused were German. na%ionals,

In other words, was it appropriate for a war crimes tribunal to con-

sider such individual acts of violence in determining the sx-Lent

nature of the participation of the accused in the execution of the

common design? In arriving at the conclusion that it was appropriate

to consider such evidence in determining the degree of prntieipatfon of 68 the aceused in the execution of the common design, it was pointed oqxti

that the charge and particulars alleged part#iclpation in t;27_e: execution -

of a common design and not disassociated acts of violence 8gain.s-L

Gemnationals and that evidence showing that participants tcrkt-ed, beat or killed German inmates demonstrated the chmacter of their parti- cipatf on and established that they, through examp1.e by such actis, eacmr--= aged others to commit similar acts of cruelty against inmates ~f~houtr. regard to nationality, thus maintaining rwrd f-artbering the overall objectives of the operation.

G. Superior Orders:

1, Genera In numerous hTmcrimes cases %he quas%imarose as to what affect was to be given to evidence shovfng that accl;lxsd, ir? ccmit%ingthe: offense with which he was charged, acted p~nsum-t~$3 orders of a superior,

The principle fsllowed was that complimcs with superior ortiers does not e.oastitute a defense to tohecharge of havi~qoamm5.t.t.ad s war 48, 69 70 crime, alt6ough it may, under certain cirsumstmr -1. ; Je considered in mitigation of punishment.. An accused who seeks relief on sucli gruund.s assumes the burden of establishiw (aj that he received an order from a superior directing tha% he eommlt the wrongful act; ('b) that he

did not how or, as a reasonably prudent person, would not have horn

that the act whieh he was directed to perfom was illegal or oontxmy

to universally accepted s.,andwds of human eonduet; and (e) that he

acted, at least to some exben-b, under immediate compulsion, Having

satisfactorily established these elements, the amount to whieh his sentence should be mitigated depends upon the cbmt;er adexken% of"

the immediate compulsion-under srh9ch he acted, 2, ., Administrative Regulatf ons . The question arose in a SLWB~ of instances as to whether or not superior orders eoubd be pleaded aa a

defense in the trial of a wm crimes ease in whieh %lieaccused w3,s ch~~gfid

with a war crime which was eomitted at. a time when. a W~~-&~~S:.~?RL~~I+~

manual provided that individuals would not be punished for of""8W88 I 72 committed under the orders or am~tionof their government or eo-d.ara,

This provision was merely an atitempt to make a stahment of the law az~.d

in so far as sueh statement was at variance with %he Law it vae of as 48 led signifieaaee, A% moat., the provision merol.7 sonstftuted a t~9rnpou--

my self imposed policy of the 'IJnitsd States scnaerning the imposftic:n

of punishment for violations of the law of .arm, 1% in no way altered 71 the law of war. The provision in quastioszwazr superseded in ITo~~rnFer 13 1944 by an amendment. which was more in eo-&oKcmfty wi%hthe Lm ~f war,

H, Certain Questions of Raspamibil.it~:

1, Adminisjtratfve Eetedmtion of GuSlty h several conoen-., tration camp trietls, involving e~iderEeas to mass executio~of ilzmattesS the defense was interposed that sueh executiom were begal inasmuch .w they were carxi.ed out; pursumt to executive orders and directions, .

most of which emanated from the Xeich Security Head Office in Berlk,

It was usually eontmded that these adm-inistr'a'ive deternfr~ti~nsof

guilt were legal under German law.

It was held that it was irrevelmt Chat such exec.utions ma- hzve

been legitimate in t1he eyes of Gel-it8.v~ i 4s and that n~ .v : -.%tionc)f

domes-Lie 3.a~rasulted, The obkigatlon to be fulfillad vaa to eomp2.y

vi%h the -prZ]~~~iplesof intern2tf onal law, TJnder Int,emtl.omE I.au &a

execu%ioij..:iTc.-!;be preceded by a proper trial and sefitence bg a Legally 75 constituted court,

2, Military Necessity, Anoiher questofon of' fnterest I.s~vol,ved

military necessiky as a Justification for Billing prfsonera of wax, In 76 reaching a conclusion in the negative, it w.3~stated t8hat., if m.il-i%ay

necessity went so Tar as to justif; ling a prisoner of wm, it would

result In the destruction of most of the elenec%ary re8traizlt.y oa 7,;~u-

handed down from antiquity and it would permit governments and oommndsrs

delibera%ely -5c conffuse militmy n.ecesei"s t , s$r&egical, in%l@res';.3x:d

military convenisn@e,

3. Participation in. Mob Action,-....=-- There ay.5 eraa~leaof appll-

r;ation of Ghe princip3.e of" joint responsibility P~Ppm-5ieipadl.~~. in xoia

action in bea-blng and ki2lin.1.American prissners c;\f war, 21 txo s&fZzr

31 11 H eases $he accused viere charged 11it2lacting Jcin-kly and in con;2icir.r4~cu wi& others in aiding, abethfq, sncouragfag and pmticipePt,lng in %ha

killing of American surrendered prisoners of war, Tza bokb oases %ha accused actively gartioipatad in mob action wains* several American flyers aa they were being Zed Lhsough a tnm, Respi>naibllity vaa

attaehed to those who incit+edmob action by shout9s and other forms of'

encouragement as well as to those who did the actual beating and BII.1-

4, Interveniw Killer,-- The princjiple was applied %hatione

who i&PioLs a wow-d or ~mundsOD a vf otlm of such ehmacter thak it is

clear that; deatjh woula ha.v@resulted., 3n that absence of mg fn-barvenln~

f~ree,Is respomibls for %he dsa%,h such vir;t,Xtn, even tthougl~the

fmmedia&afiweof ,death may be the appbi~a-k~l~nof violence on the p;rr?.l

of mother person,78

I, Evidence:

I, General, Neither tnhdrules o.P @vi.denceas kn,own in

herlean municipal ~rjiminallaw nor those presoribed for eourls,-mmtfal.

are appbieable to war crimes trials,

The general rules of evidenee applied were as fol,lovss

a. A Military Go~?~rner~%Court shall In general ahit

oral, mft;t,an ax.rrd physical. evfd.er?aa ha:~J.ng a, be,wira on the if~s~xeabefore

it, and may axekude =y avf denr':s ~hlehin f $8 qln50n is of no vaLw as proof.

b, The co~rGshaJ,L in general require the best evidea~? availabTe . c, Hewsay, or other ev3dene.s deemed to be of prsba-bive value or helpful in m9visng a% a true finding, is admissible,

do Evidence of bad charaot;ex of wcused shall be admisslbls bef ore findings only when the accused has fctrodrxeed svf d@ncLie as to his om good shasm.tsr /Sec%ions 5-32g9 5-3fjb0$, Title 5; Se~t:~.Soa 270, Trial Yianual, App. xX). 2. Best Evidence Xule, The procedural requirement that the

''bast evidence available" will be admissible is not to be eorfused vl'th

the "best eviaeme rule" applicable in American municipal erfmimX law,

The Trial Manual provides in Section 270 that the latter mLe is no%

applicable to triala before a wm crimes tribunal (App, a).

3. Reasonable Doubt and Presug..c)n nf Innoes~c., While %he

rule in Ameri@= municipal crimbl law as to reasolnii'ir%stir?u'at. and pra-,

sumption of innocence was not applicable as such to wex crimes t9xiala,

in the absence of a suitable prescribed standard, the rule regiirfme

that an meused be presumed iar \lee...$ .,intil.proven guilty adth3.t proof

of guilt be established beyond a reasonable doubt was adhered to ia %he

war crimes tr9aI.s.

4. Judicial Notice. War erimss trfbmnls may qproprf atsly

%ake judicial notice of' all matters of common 'knowletjdge in th~%srritcry 50 - wherein thay axe sitting, For example, thay my take judie.9ala notice 22

the fact that, as a war measure, hundreds of" thousands of Russim.., F'remh,

Polish, and othsr nationals were eompul.sorilly deported from oceupid. territory to &my as slave laborers, The illegal kilbtsg 02 thase

deported slave laborers throw the concactra%ioncamp system is z;. %EL? 53 crime,

5, 3oUr~derthe apglic,a'B1e ruLas of erfdencs, extr&J.udioial sworn stlatemenks of accused or witnesses ze admissible In evidence, irrespective of" their presence or absence

(Ssc-tbion 270, Trial Manual, App. XX) , Further, it is not required tha-3 foundation evidence to establish that swarm, statements, inc; Ludiz~

those by aceused be offered Lo show that sueh statements were volm..- 48, 69 tarlly procured (Section 270, Trial Manual., App, XX), The question of

whether extrajudicial sw$jp-n ~tatenentsor ~o&es~fomwere vo%.urhmyOY

whether they were made under ~ir~~wpstar~ceswhich might have induced

a~csusedor wftnesses Go stah nn%rxbhswas held to be a gues-tlun $or 46 the COW$ .to de%sdae,

I.t ai(tl.s held Lh& axbrajadiciah morn 8t;at~rna~xF.sOY. c~i&@s~2 vns by one .%ansad are .admissible in evidsnee agafmt other melxsled, !Tkt%r concl.usion waa bwed pr:iwily on %liegeneral rules of evT&ence apyli - cable to war crimes trials maer xfhich my wide-we deemed to 39 of probative value is admissible. Moreover, an ml~ywm &am to the ru.le in American nwaieipal, erim.ina% law W.ar whiah atb extrajud.icial. confession is admissible eaiast the maker as an exeeptioa to the hearsay rule. As the hearsay m3.e is i~appblsableto war crimes trials,? - 48 there is no bmi~for excluding such e~Zdence, of Je ---=-Gondu~t Trial:

1, *o$- Gu!lky, See-!don 5-3259 TSP-Lti 5, provides that upon a plea of guilty the ccmrb w1l.l hear sueh ~tat~3mt)~t~f~rkh9 prasaelxtJion and defense and stlch evid6nc:s fb required t:, ewb!,$ it to determine the sentence %".o be irnpnsed. Seo'.,lon 5-7328, Ti%Be 5, provides that a plea of guilty to c?ffsnse pmLshabLe by deatlh my be -A+e~pte&prov%ded the cow% is aa-Llsfied from the ~mt-maof the Q%EIFS that the punisheat of death would be @learJ_yexcessive adthat a Bs~ser puai~1.lmen.f:~~which f s withh. its power to Impose, would sufffcs, Sectio:~, 501, Trial W.u.a1, prbvidsa that, while the eemt my e~tara s~n%c;~ct

or^ a plea of" guilty ~o~l-bhoutfurther proof', it must racej.vcsd evZdence ti:.

determine that the plea was not improviderh or qualified (~p~,XX), 79, 813, H.7L. The rules set forth above were applied ln the war crlmess .t.ri&is,* 82 In one case, however:, a accused wag charged vf%h par%fi=fpa%fosl an %ha

sxetcu%.fonof a oommon design to s;ubjac'b certaLn peraom to kl$X.qcp,

beatings, etc. atha m:cu~led enterad a qv~lifladplea ~f guti15y 02

pax? ic,ipa%fonby having beat,tm I~miaswith h4.s $ads,I't TnT2,S held -that

the aooeptr3nc.s of° %he qualified plea dld fiat fi7-~alid.&eithe proccedisigs,

inasmuch w under the Pacts of that case, no injustl~eresubtsd to the

aecwad. 53, 83 2, Absence of kcwed DurlgT=a, 1% was held that

tempcrary absence of an accused from his -t;ri,il,due to flheas or c%>.ar

reason, did w-t invalidate the procsediws as long w ha W~,B adrspa"l2y

represen-bed by counsel, It was pofated ou2 tqht7tthe apflicable prol:'ed7ni~?

parmLtted of a trial in absentia and that Martic Bormann %?as tried '-.

fCu was eo3.c.budsd CChat%here was no error fn psm:t;.f fqa trf,,?, tots pr"- mad dur1ug temporary absence of = aseuaad.,

3, Sentences, In the absem3 of' s, GLS~e:xpress1sn of Sz?,ar~';

tim to a ~en?~mceimposed a prior case: the rule, 07ss ~:pplie d %bfih.F no pk-@sumptianwill be Indulged in favor af ~us%aTnfrga sbr~i~ence 75 c~xmul.a%ive,

It WE@ held that there ~rasno reason for p~xmitCJ9nga war cr%.nr%mL aenteneed to death to choose a form of execution less ignominfam than the prescribe1;mnuer of execution of death sentences by 48 hanging 0 A, Rev3wing Authoritry::

Prior %o the tblrd phase, the appolnt-,ir! au%horltiea,

i,e,, the Cs-di~ Generals of Third md Semn3h UDILQ~SSa3se

PCSQO~&SOF' trbal. by md a receipt ef advice frm their ~+~d.f":hjadge 35 ad.voea%es. Seriteneeeainvolvj.ng death required ar~~imatri.r3n'og %he Theater Comndsr, after receipt of' rsaomme~.dnat;fom'by the .Xild.ga

Advo-xifk a3 to %he 81C.b:4r :=qressddby %he Deputy 9~3.gell~3vocat>et'in 36 his Review arid Rec;omenhtions,

knng the third phase, the Judge Ad=rosa%eetms au%harl~56.

and dTrae%ed *ss axereise %IT %he pow~rsof the T~B~+,CF~0m-d~~ a3

RevPe~ingAuthority in eases vhere no d.ea%h sm=%eo~shad bee~pm- no'~ezx;ad. Those in~olvlnga deatlk ae~~%en!:evers actad upm by 3vhe

The n?mbar 06 caeas in QO~~P~~CDwit" vh1c:h lid~.I6?1~m.d cases existed on 31 December 1947, This gradual increase in number of unreviewed cases resulted from a number of factors, including the almost total absence of personnel assigned to the War Crimes Group

who had any prior experience in similar work, the si~l1number of

lawyers assigned to the War Crimes Group with prior experience fit-

ting them for dealing with the novel questions of international law involved in the cases, the unfortunate but necessary recurrent moping

of the headquarters of the War Crimes Group, thus inordinately burden=- ing the' Deputy Judge Advocate with administrative matters, and the great urgency placed mpon the early completion of the other aspsets of the program, i.e., investigations, apprehensions, and the screening of those in detention, which resulted in un 1~uallystrong demands for the utilization of most of the more capable personnel on other aspects of the operation. Experienced personnel being unavaCiab12& F'or review work, lawyers therefor were selected from within the War Crimes Group and trained OE the job. Following the completion of the war crimes trials program, efforts were concentrated on the reviewing of records of trial, Th@ last Review and Recomm~ndationswas forwarded on 28 April 1948, IX. EXTRADITION

A. Scope of Mission:

Without specifying the categories or time, the Moscow

Declaration, 30 October 1943, lent support to the prospective

~s.F~LIM?_ f3r firid of" most war criminals tc the z~rntriasir~~.&.4,?4.L thefr crlms were aodtted, In general the grating of e.xkradit$on ad~urxandex requests was postponed by the Comblrbed Chiefs sf Stsff 13 until dtsr %he e.esssat9on of hostilities with Gemuany, I?~LLc)w5ng the lifting of the ban placed on extradit.icax by the Combined Chief% 40 of Staff, a procedure for the axtraditJPon and s-mxender of indi t-iav-abs wantad by other United Nations aad Italy for trial as war exi&sa.l.s

WEIS established in September 1945 (~pp,MI, Few deliverfes wdre effected prior to 1946,

In vlav of the ~precedent~edscale 0x1 which the Law of war bad been .rrf olated and in order to expedite the sme~derof war crimlrial sslspeets by a-vofdf~~the delays which vould of ~asessitgbe en~omt~ar- sd f~?"h9~l~izingd.iplomatie chm~bs,the applicable procedims contemplated that requests for extradition and starranda? be accoupliskted on pressrf'oed %ommd filed ~5ththe Milftaxy Governor, US Zone c~f' 84 Oceupa%irm, Gdmany, addressed to the attention of the Judge Advc)cat1ag who way empowered and directed to act on behaif of the Military

Governor on requests for the extradition and surrender of war criminal. susps@tsand witnesses to war crimes, as well %Y on requests for the I.,...... ,.....,...... taking of depositions or for the delivery of evidentl.ary material,

J in the US Zone of Occupation (~pp.IX) . This authority of the Judge Advocate wm redelegated to the Deputy Judge Advocate and such requests 85 in practice were routed@the latterus office. Although not war

criminals, renegades and quislings, who by virtue of their high

positions held or their international notoriety attained, presented

potential diplomatic level problem, Under these circumstmes and

in view of the fact that.no special. procedure was prescribed for

process~e&radit$onrequests as to them, such requests were

handled under the procedure prescribed for the extradition and

surrender of war criminal suspects.

B, Furnishing Leads to Other Mations:

A very substantial portion of the individuals surrendered

were covered by extradition and surrender requests which were bottomed

upon data furnished to the nations concerned by tihe War Crimes Group,

In this connection the procedure followed in processing war crimes

evidence and data which was thought to be of interest to other United

Nations is set forth in Appeadix XIV adthe procedure followed in

furnishing material as to wanted individuals in detention in the War

Crimes Enclosure is diseusssd in 8, B, supra..

C, Procedure:

1, Clearances. Requests received were examined to aseer%air,

whether all prescribed information waa furnished and to ascertafn

whether the described crimes constltv.~sdviolati ona of the law of war, In general, requae't s were not grated whloh ~g,overed i?adS~ridwtlsWt.Xk6@d

in cometion with the American wax ~rirnm~npera%%m,Comsq?~en,'r,$y

stspa were not tdmr~to eoord.lnatcr?the req~xa-tsv%%h the agea~fes

inmediately herahafter indicated m%iP swzh detemiw,fffosx%?asmade,

Smyof Lufomnatisn Fomas @pp, XXIII) were fo~at~md-ed50

%he &si~-Gm%Chief of' Staff', G-2, These form, developed over a

perlad of" time, oou%d be used far two pwposese, 4,6,, %or e'i6mance

rcsqueata s~dfor apprehetnslm requesbs,

Inquiries ware mde of CROWCMS by te$&yye in. ccsarbr Gi?

obtain current information as to wbat'her Un9to46 Xa%*lonso-k;her %h,q~,

those whfeh h& filed the requeats wanted tihe i~d9vid.unSafor ?Y:W

.' Requests hsr01~51q3 ~~~fd~alswho had ?%&d high polbt%~.aJ,~c".~v%%

or mili%~;rypositf~nfi &my cr Em ons o!? 9ts aU,9es, cobel%:Ega:r-

enDtspor aa%elpbite~,~~rwhich ~TPO~T~D~L..di~f&mL~wmt%~d.3y .%W:J 02

nore YJnit,e;sd M,at.Pong prasen%ed at &a,w% pcttent-,S&L hipL~m%t~5,sLdveL

prublem. Clemmcs in such cmsa wa.9 sought) Prtm %ha la& D.%.;crlsft:a.,

m.d the ccnflfr-?,sof Merest in ah6 Lab%er category c!5; rSJma,qbe

ddtsrmined b;y tlha CUTI~%~O~ Cowlb,,

Operatfondly, general offfcars and pol%tEc;alLy astiua

9ndivid~laEs.who had. held high. Reich leva1 poa9%9ons %per@ co~sfdgrad

as cordag vi%hin%ha purview of the prcwision of ap~ll'o~bbeproce6.uq.s

75 concerning high personages. The Legal Division was responsible for

ascertaining wheiher the Office of US Chief of Counsel for the Prose-

cution of Axis Criminality was likely to need the individuals involved

in connection with the.y~~aeedingsbefore the International Military

Tribunal, Nurnberg.

In coordination with the Historical Division requests in.volv-.>

ing general officers and members of the German General Staff were not

granted until that dTviskon had exploited all information which eou2d be- f-$7 3ut& i~dividuals. 3. Individuals Located in AusgLs,,. At tl,, 15-hse-t; of t7he extradition program it was planned that the procedure applicable to

extradition and surrender from the US Zone of Occupation, Gemy,

would be applied and admini~t~eredby the Deputy Judge Advocate In the

extradition and surrender of individuals detained or subsequently

apprehended in the US Zone of Occupation, Austria. Advantages from the standpoint of efficient and effective coordination of the Americm war crimes program in Europe would have resultad, However, Headq~mters,

United Skates Forces in Austria, answered dir~i::i:lg-Lo the War =d St,at.e

Departments as to the political aepeets of the occupation of Auatrla,

Also, problems which could be settled Loeably were dealt with by tjhe

American element of the Allied Control Authority for Austria, Hence, it was necessary for that Headquarters to reserve the power to take final action in the granting of extradition and surrender requests as to such individuals. Every effort was made to coordinate the granting of such requests with the war crimes program in the US Zone of Occupation, Germany, &, Extradi%%mto Nos-United ha ti or^, JktraditSm-i and

srmrndder rsq&mta in appreciable numbm. ware received from Hungary

and krlstrf a, fn~olvlr!!both %ha.* own m5ionals md Germans, Tha

direct'ivb, comemf~extradition and surrender did mt deal, v4-bh

such requerrts adexp%fcit Smtmc.t;ians wers not forthcoming fxcm t:Ga War Depatmen:t, Under such oiram.%:m,esathe W.m Crimes Group

pw~u~d%he paliay of not grmtfw such requests by fom~rc.obaa_ktger-

azkf.sof Gdmy, axcapt requests co??eri:cgtheir SVP;II~ ~ ~ j ~ $2, ~ ~ ~ , ~ . ~ , ~

I~at$xsoeewhere the request IHPWoouplad 'sit3 com.psI%S~gc:9ra~~tawi~,es

In so far as western Ewopedn r~~~~~t~riasme ~o~~erned-~ ooordfnatfoa of the e~rsditionprogram presented QO prob$em which were not susceptible of ready solution,

Af the ct~%se%6eli~wriesof indfvldpaals c;feued 7~7erbmads frm

IndIv8dual, pwpaaed for dehfvery, The final dnlf~~rfee wp~e mad13 in. January 13$8.

The extent of the exbradi%ion program 9s sh~~&graphicalLy a~c? in tabular %om in Appendix ZIT, Future extraditions are limited to exceptional, eases and staff responsibility therefor is that of the Legal Division. The records of the War Crimes Group in connection with the extradition program 86 were delivered to the -1 Division in Februmy 1948. X , C0NCL;TJSIO~AND RECQMME2DA'liIONS

A, Conclmians:

1, Central, Recording Agency, In situations simlbtxr to %hat

ebtdning in Emtape during and imdiateby follcming %hisway ,shfch

r5qufra +.hat the lsga va crimes ops~atiozs2 ~arfzc: nzt,ir;s.s F,G

@oardinatad, there, fs a dh-8 need for ,m tPfectivss cenb-ral agmcy

for tbe rec~rdingcf i-n$"tsmkiona3 to nm48, phy-sPe& dasrri3?,.l.c,n

and ot.her per-t.inen.6data as to vm%ed wos crimimJ_suspe~tsan&

vitnessas to war crimes, the cEsseiir~2;Loacar i~Tixrrna.J%:>=2as to m1.ik,

v=%ed indfispiduals to %he padfnenk agemcrPes ?&'he aaa?,jcn3 ~an~ram~dd,

the recording of inf0m~9o-n,m 6s the i,asl,%l.la%ie7:18is which such

indfvf &uals me det,afned, and the d.fasemlmkf SX:. af" such det5~siazl

prompb servics, imeapaetfve of" the trp8 a113quality of fa;l~iTSLla3

and persora%J,available ts i-t, Sf i"Ls Bwdsxisa ~n.i-iT-hBIT addf?ia:.%k

be e-qloltod before $bey dis~,iptt$~?d,Wltss_esse,qrn&s",hs iat,3aa-~og,~;'j;f~ of cases. This work of gathering the sworn testimony of witnesses for actual presentation to war crimes tribunals is not investigative - work, as that phrase is ordinarily used, and should be done by experienced lawyers. 3. Detention. Centralized detention of war criminal suspects

and olnfriendly witnesses to wax crimes from the inception of a war crimes program is essential to the efficient and expeditious development of evidence in war crimes cases. During hostilities prisoners of war thus detained need not be deprived ofthe rights to which they would otherwise be entitled under the Prisoners of Wax Convention. Concern as to reprisals on the part of the enemy should not serve as a deterrent to such congregation. 4. CentraLization of operational Responsibility. Experience demonstrates that not mueh can be expected from other agencies or individual officers or soldiers, excluding the surviving victims of heinous crimes, in the making of "Repe~rtsof War Crimes." It is impractical to assign investigation and apprehension reaponsibilitiee to agencies already burdened with assigned primary missions. mfective combat operations are of such dominant interest to the comanders of lower commands and tactical units, as well as the personnel thereof, during operations against the er,emy that it is futile to expect personnel under the operational control of such commands to receive effective direction and support in war crimes work, The same is true as to war crimes personnel under the operational control of subordinate comtnanda during an occupation period, All aspects of a wax crimes operation, including the imperativeness of centralized correlation

cantinu.ous reanalysis of evidence prWocv;c.ed.,dictates that there

Be centralized operational control md Clrection of the mission and the personnel working thereon, Otherwise, progress is haphazard, at%ention is not focused on cases of corn~asativemajor $mportance

susceptible of development for successful prosecution, and trials are not held proqtly.

3 a Type of --Unit, The cajntrlzllzed operational. direction cm best be carried out through a unit similar to 7708 War Crimes Group commanded by the officer having initial responsibility for the Legal

aspects of the operation and the preparatfon of the basic reviews as to recoras of trial. The administrative and legal responsibilities thus concentrated are euscep-bible of efficient performance, providing his principal legal assistant and his principal administrative assistant are officers of proven ability.

Advmeed planning, t05atiier 175th the organizix and staffing

of the Jxdge AdvocataBs war crims unit responsible for-all aspects

of the mission in advance of the openip4 of a theater of operations, Zs essential.

A war crimgs unit cxf this type shou.ld be relieved of a n?aximwn mount of housekeeping responsibilities and care should be exercised in advance of m.d during the operation to assure that it receives adequate administrative and supply su-ppcxt,. By =.=reemect of nations, there should be a general recodification of the law of war incorporating recognized principles as applied and elaborated upon in recent trials.

29 June 1948

Lieutenant ~olon61,JAGD Deputy Judge Advocate for War Crimes TABm OF FO(YlNOTE F3ZZRENCES

..--- NUMBER -IGZmmmCE --.".. ., " ,- <.- ---. -.- " . 1 In re Yamashita, 66 Supreme Court Reporter 340.

2 Geneva (prisoners of war) Convention of 27 July 1929, TM 27- 251, War Department, U.S. Army, "Treaties Governing Land Warfare," 7 January 19h4.

3 "Manual for Courts-Martial, U,S, Amqy, " 1928,

4 "Military Commissions md Pro~rosfJCourts with Particular i?::ggw-dt.0 Procedure Inc ludlng Rules of Evidence, " 25 September- 1943, compiled by Adwin W, Green, Major, JAGD, Judge Advocate Div-ision, Headquarters, European Theater of Operat ions, United States Army (JA-ETO File - War Guilt, Vol, I, Part 2, Item 1l.lj.

5 Memorandum., War Department, Office of The Chief of Staff, to The Judge Advocate General, file TDCSA 000.5 (30 Nov, 44), subject : "Rmishment of Wax Criminals," 30 PJovember 1944.

6 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Eqeditionary Force, to Headquarters, Twenty-first Army Group, et al., file AG 000.5-2 GAP-A@I, subject: "Procedure on Reports concarnix Alleged Violations of the Geneva Conventions, 'I 20 Amst 1944,

7 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionmy Force, to Headquarters, Twscty-firat Arng Group, at al., file AG 000,5-2 GE-AGM: subjact : "War Griminals - Eaeqy and Liberated Terri-t;ory - All 3peratlom in T\TW Europe, " 7 September 194b,

8 Latter, Ee88d~l~a;rSb5rs,Fm~pe.3,~ Theater of Operat&ons, UnltsG States Army, tz Base Ssctic,..~, 2mm.1micakions Zone, fiZe AG 000,,5 OpJA, szbJectc "Proc,eu?-~l-e01.1 Reports Concemfng Ml,sg5d Violations of the Geneva Convsnt.'ic~~s," 21 October 2944,

9 Letter, IIea,dquart3~rs,Twelfth hyGroup, to First Uaitd~ Stlates Army, et al,, file O92,2 {~-l),subject : "Viclatioi~s of Provisions of *he Geceva Cori~ent~ionsand Laws slnd Uswes of War by CLJC:~~;;.?:~~C~S~" 7 No~cm3er 1944,

12 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, to Headquarters, Twenty-firs* Army Group, et aE,, file AG 000,5-2 GAP-ACX, subject: "Erocedwe for Investigation of Alleged VioLzt ions of" the Geneva Conxrentions ," 14 December 1944, 11 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, to Allied Naval Commander, Expeditionary Force, et al., file AG - +--"-' fi000:&;&'- W-AGM, subJect: " 'ECLIPSE Memorandum No, 18,

14 January 1945. .I i

12 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, to Headquarters, Twenty-first Army Group, et al., file AG 000,5-2 GAP-AGM, subject: " 'ECLIPSE1 Memorandum No, 18 - War Criminals and Security Suspects," 7 February 1945.

13 Cable, War Depar-Lment, to United States Military Mission, Moscow, Refsrence no. WffiX-3302i, i.9 September 1944.

14 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations United States Army, to Sixth Army Group, et al., file BG jjc OpGA, subject: "Authority to Appoint Military Commissicsns," 19 November 1944.

1.5 Letter, Headquarters, Twelfth Army Group, to First United States Army, et ale, file 383 (G-1), subject: 'War Criminals, '' 13 February 1945,

16 Letter, Was Department, to Southwest Pacific Area, et al,, file A.000.5 (7 Oct 44) OB-S-A-M, subject: "Establishment of War Crimes Offices," 25 December 1944.

17 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United States Army, to United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe, et al., file AG 000.5 OpJA, subject: t'Establishent of War Crimes Branches, " 24 February 1945,

18 Letter, Eeadquarters, European Theater of" Operations, United States Army, to Unfted States Strategic Air Forces in Europe, et ale, file AG 000.5 OpJA, subject: "Estabse of War Crimes Branches," 22 April 1945.

19 Letter, Headquarters, European Theakar of Oparaiions, United States Arayr, to United States Strategic: Air Forces in l3xropr, et ale, fi19 AG 000,5 OpJA, subjeet: 'War Crimes Int,errogation of US Military and Civilian PersonrseP," 28 April 1945,

20 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United States Army, to United States S%rategic Air Forces in Europe, et al., file AG 210~6MPMGA, subject: s'Ia~estigationsin Connection with Alleged War Crimes," 15 April 1945,

21 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United States Amny, to United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe, et ai., file AG 000,5 OpJA, subject: 'War Crimes Suspects and Witnesses," 4 May 1945, 22 Letter, Headquarters, Twelfth Army Group, to First United States Army, et al,, file QQO,5 (JA), subject: "Establ-lsh- ment of War Crimes Branches and Investigations of War Crimes, " 30 April. 1945,

23 Letter, Supreme Hcsadquwrt;ars, Allled Expeditlow~Force, to Headquarters, Twenty-first Army Group, at al,, Rile AG 00005-2 GAP-AGM, subjeet: "War Crimes, " 10 May 1945,

24 Letter, Supretne Headquarters, Allied Expeditiamr,y Foxea, to Headqumt;ars, Twenty-f irut Axmy Group, et al, , f f le AC- 000.5-2 GAP-AGN, 31.31jsc'k 'T~ent~raZHegls-kry of War Criminals and Security Suspects,'' I4 April 1945,

Agreernenk by the harermen.Sb of d;hs Unitad States a% &er:lf;a,7 the Provisional Clovernmeat cur the French Hepublic, the Govern:- ment of the United Illngdom and Northern Ireland, mad the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, far the Prosee;utian and I9xiishmen.t of the Major War Crimimds of the European Axis, August; 1945.

26 Staff b1emo 57, Headquarters, United States Forces, Wopem~ Theater, subjeet: B'Prosacution of ~eii'-@rimesAgaimi; Gems," 15 December 1945,

27 Law for Liberation from National Socialism and Militarism of 5 Wch 1946 as set forth in Title 24, "Military Gover~me~."~ Regulations," published by Wfioe of Military Governmen+ f'cr Germany (US), 22 April 1946,

28 Letter, Headquart.ers, 'United States Psreea, European Tha8%ss, to Twelfth .Army Group, fils AG 000,5-2 GAY, subject: 'Move- ment; of War Crimes &mch .&o Wl.esbaden, '' 2 July 16450

29 Clrc.,w.Xar No, 256, Wax Depar%men.k, subJe~&: '%eportlag of Was Crlmes and Identif icatfon of flaspeets, 22 August 1945.

30 Letter, Headquartera, u~.itedSta,tss Foreas, Emopa.m Thaa%,ar, to United States Forces in AustrSa, cst al.,, fiEa AG 230 GU-AGCP, subject: "Au%horidyfor @Ivil.iana*CJ Admixxlstar , Oaths in Connection with War Crfmds Pnvas-t;iga%io~~~~~2 ApriL 1946.

31 Cable, Combined Chiei~of Staff to Supreme Haad.quartesu, Allied Expeditionary Foras, Refarenee: No, KX-18961, 19 June 19450 32 Staff Memo 47, Headquar%ers, United States Foreas, European Theater, subject: "Staff Rasponsibility for War Crimes Activities, I' 24 September 1945. Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of O-perations, United States Army, to Twelfth Army Group, et al., file AG 255 OpJA, subject: "Establishment of Suspect and Witness Enclosures, " 30 June 1945. Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, to United States Forces, European Theater, file AG 000,5-2

\ GAP-a, subject8 'Trial of War Criminals," 9 July 1945,

Letter, Headquarters, United States Forces, European Theater, to Third United States Army, et al., file AG 000.5-2 GAP, subject: "Trial of Wax Crimes and Related Cases," 16 Julgi 1945. Letter, ~eahquarters,United States Forces, European Theahr, to Third United States Army, et d.,file AG 013,3 GAP-AGO, subject: "Disposition of Military Government Court Case Records in Certain War Crimes Cmes," 18 August 1945,

' . Letter, Headquarters, United States Forces, European Theater, to United States Forces in Austria, file AG 250.4 GAP-AGO, subject: "Authority to Appoint Militmy Commissions," 10 October 1945, Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, to Twenty-first Army Group, et al,, file AG 000,5-2 GAP-AGM, suhject: War Crimes Library, " 4 July 1945. Letter, Central War Crimes Librarg Ifax Crimes Group subject: "CentraJ. War Crimes Library," 30 August 19~5,

Cable, Combined Chiefs of Staff to Supreme Headqumters, Allied Expeditionmy Foree, Reference No, WARX-29993, 11 July 19450

Letter, Headquarters, Unfted States Forees, European Theater, to Third United Stlaties &my, et ab, , file AG 000.5 WCB-AGO, subjec6r nTrial of War Crimes Cases," 11 July 1946.

Letter, Headquarters, United States Forces, European Theater, to United States Forees in Austria, et al,, file AG OQO,5 - GEC-AGO, subject: "Coordination of Was Crimes A~tivities,~' 26 October 1946,

'Letter, Headquarters, United States Forces, European Theater, to Third United States Army, file AG 38306 JAG==AGO, subject: '?Desig&tion of Central Suspect and Witness Enclosure," 11 July 1946. Letter, Headq~art~ers,Unitmd Stakes Forces, Eusopaan Thaa%ar, to Third United States Army, file AG 013.37 GQ-AGO8 subject: "b~fgnat~ionof Prison for War Criminals, '' 1.1 July .1946,

Letter, Hsadqumters, Unitad States Forces, ktropean Zlhea;i;er, to United States Constabulmy, et al,, file AG 383 JAG-AGO, subject: "Designatf on of Prisons for War Criminals, " 26 Fsbruaxy 1947,

Letter, Headquarters, Unfted States Forces, European Theater, to Theater Judge Adaocate, file AC 722 ZAG-AGC, szbJest; "Inactivatfon of Wm Crimes Activities," 7 Weh 1.94'7,

Memorand2um of WPZ Cri~esGro~xpre T,qes of C;szp%wed Er?erny Documsnts Desired by Recorda Center, 5 June 1945"

United States v, BERSllV, et al,, opinion DJAWC, October 1947, Case No. 6-24.

United States v, JKTFULDISCH, 6% ax,, opinion. DJAWC, .March 1947, Case No, 000-5Q-5.

United States v, METZ, et al,, opinion IXAWC, September ;b947,9 Case No. 12-1836.

United Statea v, Kbrl OTTO, opinion WAWC, Mwch 1948, Case No. 12-1182-2,

United States .v. HAGZXDOm:, openion DJAWC, Oetobar 1946, Case No, lZ!-l29O, ,

United St9atss v , WilI.J%CH:J et al, , opinion IXJdWC, November 1947, Case No, 000-30-9,

United States a GLI:PPF~~,at aL, , oplnion DJAWG, Pebsumg 1948, Cma No, E-b&6,

United States v, JAOBS, opinion D.JAW3 Jmu~wy19k6, Case No. 000-Buchenwald-3,

Ua?itsd Sktes 'v, P32'.mSmB, et al,, opinion IXJA., January 1948, Case No, LL-5l9,

United Statea v, GOEEBI;I,, et ale, opinion WNC, August 1947, Case No, 12-4tr9,

United St,atas v. BRUST., opfnion DJAWC, September 1947, Case No, 000-lvIautbausen-7.

United States T, Kurt CYITO, opinion SXJAWC, July 1947, Case No. OOO-Mau%ha~en~,!j. 87 60 United States v, IZEMMW, et ab., opinion WAWC, Much 1948, Case NO. 000-50-5-26,

61 United States v. PIRMER, et al,, opinion WAWC, February 1948, Case NO. 000-50-5-42.

62 2+ ZTnit.ed States v. STIXGLWAGNER, et al., opinion WAWC, January 1948, Case No, 000-Dachau-1. 63 United States v, WEISS, et al,, opinion WhhWC, March 19lt.6, Case go. 000-50-2, 64 United States v. WODAK, opinion DJAWC, December 1947, Case No. 000-Flossenburg-2. 65 United States v, EECKER, et al, , opinf on IkTAM,2, Kay 1947, Case No, 000-50-46.

66 United States v. TUNA, et al,, opinion IkTAWC, January 1948, Case No, 000-50-46-6,

67 United States v, MIELENZ, opinion DJAWC, November 1947, Case No. 000-50-2-118.

68 United States v, SCHKEPZ, et ab,, opinion WAWC, March 1948, Case No. 000-50-5-33.

69 United States v, STROOE, et al,, opinion DJAWC, September 194T9 Case No. 12-2000.

70 United States v. H ~ e$ ale, opinion~ DJAWC,, January 1948, Case Nos, 12-1368 and 12-1369, 71 United States v. mDI'S, et al., opinion. DJAWC, April L947, Case Moo 12-1733,

18 72 FM 27-10, War Department, U,S. Artuy, "Rules of" Land Vazfars, 1October 1940, parwrapkt 347. 73 FM 27-10> War Department, L S, Arrty, 'Qules ~f W.id WaY.%we, 1October 1940, paragraph $7, Change Xo. 1, 15 Novmiber 1944. 74 United States v, KE:PJ, ct ax,, opinion DJAWC, February 1946, Case No. 12-449, 75 United States v. ANDXEFl, et ab,, opinion WNC, April 1948, Case No. 000-50-37, 76 United States v. KLUETTGm, opiniofi DJMC, October 19k7, Case No, 12-1502.

88 Unitad States v, HAR'Gm, et al,, opinion DJAWC, Septembbr 1945, Case No, 12-1497,

United States v. Franz WEISS, opinion DJW, September 1947, Case No. 12-lW3.

United States v. JAEGIER, et al,, opinion DJAWC, July 1947, Cwe N&. 12-2971.

United States v, VICAN, opinion DJAWC, December 1947, Case No. 000-Flossenburg-3. United Stakes v, GO-, et ale, opinion mmc, January 1946, Cam No, 000-30-5-34. *

United States v. XLE33BE3, et al., opinion DJAWC:, d'm~uwy - 1946, Case No, 000-50-5-19,

United Stat,es v, RUFHACm, at al,, opinion DJAWC, January 1946, Case No. 12-2036,

Letter, Headquarters, United States Forces, European Theater, to United States Forces in Austria, et ale, file AG 000,~ GU-AGO, subject: "Delivery to Other United Natlons and Italy of Alleged War Criminals md of Witnesses ad Evidentiary Materfal Hequired in the Trial of War Crirne~,~' 13 September 1945,

Letter, Headquarters, United States Forces, Euroyaan Thaa,tar, Office of the Theater Judge Advocate, to Deputy Thea%ar Judge Advocate for War Crimes, subject sc "lhlivery to O-bher Unibed Nations and Italy of Persona Accuse& of War Crimes and of Witnesses =d Evidence Required in the Tri'el of War Crimes9" 16 September 1945.

Letter, Headquarters, European Command, to United States Forces in Austria, et al,, file AG UOO.5 (LD), ~ubJectr "Extradition of'AlEegad War Criminals From the hasican 20% of Occupation, Including Land Bremen the American S~at;or of Berlin, Subsequtnk to 1flopember l947," 17 November 1947,

I THIRD ARMY SEVENTH ARMY -- EXECUTIVE - 1:-1

WCIT'S

I I

UNITED NATIONS LIAISON DETACHMENT LIAISON AT DETACHMENTS BAOR

ADMINISTRATIVE EVIDENCE BRANCH BRANCH I I I I OPERATIONS RECORDS PROCESSING INVESTIGATION APPREHENSION I SECTION I I SECTION I I SECTION I I SECTION I -I

War Crimes Group - 2nd Phase - July 1945

WAR CRIMES DfilCfiLI 4 EXECUTIVE I= ------PL4-I --.C. ,*c-

I,~I I,~I FOREIGN ~n ADMINISTRATIVE EVIDENCE TRIAL DACHAU DETACHMENTS BRANCH BRANCH BRANCH DETACHMENT - I I 1 I Operations Section

I------I 1 I Processing 1 Apprehension Investigation Post Trial 1 Section Section I C Section I

Tribunal Section US Zone Berlin (CROWCASS) I Section C I

French Zone Section I

British Zone BAOR

~brCrimes Group - 3rd Phase - July 1946 TABU OF ) HmDQUAKI!ERs US FORCES EURogEAN T'Hu!TW

28 October 1946

7708 WAR CRlMEs GRCIUP

This Table of filmm~esaupereedes dl. previous Tables of Bistributfan aad Allmmees md ehmges thereto pertaining to the above nit and seacind~d1 letters of authority for the issue of equ9pnent on a loan bmia to the abov6 mite 1, Thfa table is in accordance with AR 310-60, and it wfll be %he authority far requisition in accordance wfth AR 35-6540~md .for %he fasue of al%Lf%6msf- aqu.fpen%listed berela unless otherwise Indiaa%ad, This tabla rescind8 all Tabbas of .Baafo fiPowm~ss,Tables of" Eqaf'pmnt, --- -z Tables of bgm-l &,~-Fion.m-d Equfpmn%>and Tabha of Distrfbu-bfon and Al,lowancm heretofore published except TIE21, Clothing euEd hdivid.ua1 Equipmentq, so far they pertain to the alkawm~esof equipmen% for the organization qbnd ~.rldivfduabscovered by Ghfs table,

- . r . a;PaerPa appears a elsorepamy Pexween ene alowmc~~aaaoml in GoBm 2, 9sAlBowmeesspadColumn 3, "Beesis of Di~i%r$buPlfon a'ad R6~k8"the ~ Q shorn~ r%~.% C0LW.TUl 2 g0B8FIL0

3" I%emof clothing and individual equipment, c~mponen%sof sets md kits, spare pmta, wcess3ories, apeoi&L e@$gmeat, special tcss%w, md. ~~~~brn4m6esof expendable item are ~ontain~din the fo%bow%ng pub$%caLlom,

A x Ats Foreea - .--?.--7ez---- Air @mp~Stock List, AAT 'Ge&h.Eca.lOrders of the 00-30 Series,

Gas nB .llsln.sers ------Am>=-- S~s~iaeForces @&d,ogsO EHG 1-1, 2) 3-l3 91=20Gg T3 g3 10 axjl XR. -A%.%,o%smoaaof Expandlabaa Supphfes, llrmy Semf ee Foress Catalog ENG 4-b,

Medioa.l hktart~mnt --=ea------&my Sorvfee Forces @a.t;&cg~,MED 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 md PO. ALlo~~mceaof E-xpenZlr,'ra'ral@Supplies, lamy Service Foress Cawdog FIB h . 0rbama ~axtmn-L -- - ..-- =ti&rd Nomr?m?-atw@Liats (SKL), adArmy Service Forces Cata10g, Qrdrmn~eSupply @a%KLsg,in&@x%o which i~ %he Aqy SerHoe Porcss CataLcg, ORD 2 OBSI, CL~mfw,Prasesvfng and Lubs%ea%f~sgMa%er%eaJs; Recoil P1,u%ds9 Spee!iaP, Oiba, and Mf~eeblm8~~~ Related Ttem, krmg Service Fare..js Ca%dog ORa 5 SNK K=%, T/A 239 Targets and Target EquLprmn*, / QT~P~em= ter Corps-- ---'VT3--@~*~%hiria ad~dA~du~ Eqw.i~.ent. A$lowmcas crf" XxpsndabEs Supplies, Cir 75, this hesdq~~ers27 my ~946. G~mponena~s,5pwe Pmts, Aecesaories and Cantentss 0% Chests, Klts and Ssta, md other f %em sf Qmr%emms%er property, Cir 4, OWG, 95 T/A UL9, 7708.War Crimes Group (contd)

Amy Service ForGee Ca%a.legs, &M 3-1, 3-2* 5-1, 6$ 7, and 8, AB 30-2290 Sale of' Qua;r%ermatsrPrope~kyand Servi~es,

sim Corps Emny Servfce Foroes Ca%aPogs, SIG 3, 5, and 6, Al,lowmoaa of Eqendab3.e S~~pp%ias,Axmy Serviae Forces Catalogs, SIG h-1 md 4-2, A~xtbc,x~.ze~fl.Signal Corps P&ta Lists, SIG 7 and 8,

AR 3lO-2QO, Mlbf %myPablica%f oss, Allowenc.,es and Distribu-bfon,

_*_l-.pC_-__-- -- and..Remarks (2lxENIcAL -.a*.------a- G- aerviee9 light weigh%, ~3-f~d~1,&----.------600 - 1 per Xndividual mG3m ------.%ma------=.- P GwpenntsrsD equipn%, sot Ba 1, 1

Ck~@rfi%or,set, por%abla, dfassl X are driveng skid mtd9 39-l?X, B27-220V9 3 @I, ~Q-c~c:,tx~ %90=h.(>O~~ 3 ph, 50-eye

Pbard6: BBoeB, type 1, &Jm%ableGF' Jack, ~1maA typ TI, irdn or steel 3 Plisre : ~iag~ma~cut;,t1r.x 8" La& needle nose Gus Stramt cuttera nippeps 7''

1, par hvefl-bfga%png Team Saw, hand, crosscutl, ~?6~~,8 point 2

Band, kc9yhsle3 10" 2

SerwwePri.ver, somo~~plrtstf 8 handle :: hn 7 -,.. F #T Lw --s .a- 7-7 -3- * n W &Ww %. /[&W Wd.UCl UAWW &C 8" long x 1/16" wide blab 6 10" 30% x 6'' wise blade 1

Shears, office, bankera, gn 50

Square, empent~ra,steel, one 2 piece, 16 x 2bmb%de

Tape, eteel, m.d%riaand 5 us 190"

Vise b~m-h~‘b3-p~ Is clmp, 3'' Jaw 2 x hfg opvrlng

Wslder, electric, me, m%z- &$wen, 1 ---~~~=t -. - - MEDICAL -----=--- a- - Kit, $S.se$ a%d, m%r mh, 12-mi%, 11% % per 2 $emv or frac %hsreo$, sxoept rnt~als -~?-:EE@%L ------=- ---z------<- ORWCX ------=------.------.a ------=- M@-s,=ea.M%8GdU~~ ---.---->--=- CarbSrn, oil=. T30, H-2 35 For we :%nmv~me5ef priaon~raan& 2 ~QP %n~~etigat$ngtam Clock, rflaa?aga ~@nt,esM-2 2

Pisto$, a.u~'Gsaat%eoa%, ,45 Mb91,SAX 195 1 per els%a;l.%@raxi PO f3r mvemni & prfsomera and 6 fax fnvea%.lgattf1% ,tern Pistol, G~L,,38, S&W Reg, 6 T/A 111.9, 7708 War Crimes Group (cmtd)

1 2 3 Itern Allowances Basis of Distribution

Tryclc8 ~-tsn,4x4 95 SNL G-583 3/kYtmD 8&!1x1me8 3 SHL 6-502 3/4-%0n, C8cR 29 sm~G-5~2 3(k-h0n3 wc 33 ml &go2 l-4YXI, FC 4 =5-597 s&-ton3 6x6, owgo u/o x-ch 2 SNL G-508 -- L ~ Q ~Trcaa~port P Axe, handled, ehopp%ng, single blt, 1 per fcmv except comb - standard @a&, 4-1.b veh, pass cax & mtrel (Sm 5-6) Cabi.net, spare parts, &me I, model 2 lf3%Q

Chain, ~1-kveh, tow, E6e 1- 5 1 per trk, l$-%one trk x 7,/16~~afa 2$-tm (SAL M-3j &%to~,k,handled, pfak, typ II, 71 1. per %cmvexcept pa~s 03baas P, 5-lb car, trk *-ton & mtrcb (sm 5-61

Rap, %ow, 2QQlong, 1" dim 215 1 par ffom under &ton exaep% mtrcl (SNL H-9) f per fern except comb veh, pass cas & mtrel [SITL J-6 )

[email protected]~h: 8ak WQ, L, e*Imon 2, solu.lmn k, bb~k& t~llrae 3, o,QT-&0€%%~~61b@ 6, battery & charging 79 holf3-b & tm*

.I BQ-~No b 1 --Third eeh, w- -, ~ad~-~%aaEqu3pmsnt Bag, cmvaa, fSePd OD, M-1956 600 1par indiv. %I=%, pisto%or revaher, M-1936 600 da Coverp canteeng diarn%d., M-1910 600 do 108 2 per indiv mined w/ . carbine 244 b per Indiv m~dw-,/ pisto$

609 1 ~es%a&, cmBae Suspemdera,- belt, M-1936.-- 6QO f per iadfv -- -tEgzxza%~m~r;xpIr -1% 'Eg?zi-~Er------16kl% 10 Money 4

Ehmket x bn pwp, g~rmfzedhvy weight wjo Ifp X4c'q::h capaeftg Canvas, water, 1%-qt

Chest, rscorC! ffbsr

169 , I per %rk; 1 &a per 3 ~"OZILVor KuaJ f'rade thexeaf' T/A 11.19, 7708 War Crimes Group (oan-bd)

--- and---Remarks Whine, oasmpat$%eg, non-Pfst.ing, psz%able 3 bad operated hp%fCB%~%: TJsm a%@no%l papr hmd operated 4 8 :K 13" 'BT6d.h~sLenaS1 paper mtr dPfsen 1 8 u lZQ9 E?'aualoexEng, autpw'Gfcg6-wheel 5 & mv@mn%

rd.-r 3-pvn1%drjpe3r4~&ba w/c mry3mg case- 38 3!w?k?y-~(~rtab1e:: 2Zg3 eamfage 179 L9-L" c~arnPagt3 23 TOT 26 October 1946

ORG~TUTIOMOF A 2JUMEilPm TUND FOR WAR CRFITSElSQm u--_U__-_IUm-

1, Efffscs$iue (3001.hours, 5- Novemba? h6, +,ke 77S8 Wajc- Crimes Group IMurgmlzad with ini'bial. station in. Augsberg, C;em,

.go Thft5tzlXy the ai~thorizedlstrength will 'be as foU.ows: Earrant Wf'ioers --.-Enlfated ®ate.

3 ah@7708 War &iws GTOU~W~LIcoxmist of dl officers pseser~tlymeilgaed to %hisheadq~~mters'for duty wlth War Crlms Group, 34;~ttp;eMvar,a%e Divisl.on (sxcep 3aeputg Theatax Judge Advoeata $car Wm Crima);sdfated prsou~6smsip@dto HsadquarZYexs Cow, PTSE"E2, $or auks ?alth War Cr-e Grmp; and aH$ pereomeh asaQned bkp~ MtW (~LX~IWBb.~~$k&a$3%~ a22 $0 6828 ~t3~~f~g6830 to 583fj im1vrj'1ve,~msi6837 to 68.40 aah@1uai~e, Additiod persomel seqwLred T' 11. be reatxisf tioned tbrmgh normd ahaneb,

4 Equipmat req~rcsdwfbl be from soeaseea pres6nkJ.y available $0 the Mar Criwa Group thee h@&qu&ers, pending publfaatian off m ~pproysiatsTable 02 A~Bowmeo, 50 &$%id,rosters wilL be prepared. in acaorihnee with AB &5-90Qp 22 bk,y k2, m changed by €2iaagee Do, &, 22 Jme %c4, 6,, Unit ?&lE be inftiaXXy assigned Third ZTS &my and will be under %he s$esatfomL @o~%soSLof %he Theater JuQe Advoea-bs.

BY Om\.iiP~rq 'P Q- MCTT~BVEY:

8/ George FoBer%ert GEORGE F, liEWTR2 Colxma%, m, Ad jutat Ge'J~era.1, IEPUTY TBEbWER JURZ aDTTOCH'EOS OlQ'IGE 7708 WAR CRIMES GROUP UNEED mmE"OXCE3, EUROPEAN Tmm APO 178

1Nove;nabex 196

ASSIGMMEMfF 03' ORGm~ImALFUNCTIONS

I, [email protected], Re~om~n~promlga%2on d procedures for co1l.eetim aria per- ~7;9;aa%ba,ylor mr crims avfdence and rules of procedure f or the trial, sf war crimes fn%~olv3ngAmerican m%fona.ls &~svI~%bPmaBaad maas atrocities camitt~d fn the Amr%sanZones of Occupa%fonin (2e-v and Austria, Operakea %he Ma*Crime8 Xvldence md Invsstiga%ion Center, .Directs dl field invdstiga- t.im and spee9ed apprehension work by War Crit ts kvestiga%ing htmhmenSs and @oord.%mtesthe Bane: with st%ffsectfone 0% Thesatear Heal~umters,CROWCASS, and appropriate agemies of sther tmdquwters md of other United 18~tiom, &&nss reporha of invest3gatioris proawes additional evidence, prepares cmse for %r-Ealgmwe9s for appointment of tribmaJ.8, refers eases for tr.%wl.,.4aLBr%es nthsr United IVa%%onsto send observers, assigna prosecutors md defem~eBO~SQ~~mafntaina If atson for apprehens f on, detentioncg~;ustoQ -- 1 Tllstiaspg and presence a%trials ~f suspects and witnesses, Prsseautes %be ewesp prdyme~reooz-cb of tsietb, and Rsvims and Reaomenda,tfm far %he rsvfewiq-j authority and mfntafnru liaison w3th execution authoritiaa, ALds tr&b-s as requested by them in %he trial of the war crimes cases above mnt%os.edo Grants olemmees on beha 0%Theatex Camdar for sx-bradition and rendition of auspets and witneaees,

Lwofar .as suck salrvloes are no% fmmiskned ky military comurd-b~,operates msaas, billets, mld club agencies, and. speclab semfee mtf~~It%e~,efthex* cm or erf %he POB~~=plan8 supply p r eusd prwmsa,~ ~ 8aBlboaaties and ~~%r~.'bu~@sdl 8upp$%bs9 operatea an& main%- all bu9ldhgs u%lLfzed bg Group Eaadq-~wterarmd u%il%%fes md squipmsn%therein, Lmludinqj; wire csorrnm~mioat6f~ra$milPtfes. @era%@%Group motor pool and motor mabtmm~e shop, Ia rsspansibke %(OF diaeiplinca, morde, training, md fnapatlan. of d1 =la and iemls @nllia%sdtroops assigned to the Group, and is par~oradly rssponaikdle %or secg,m%%$of Gronp Headquar-bers and for seew%%yor$ b-&l&Z~gs aT% the post ran ~ected,

Troop SwtXon, l* --, - TROOP EZXTXQX

@h5& of Sestion is Wistad Troop htaduue:?%Qomder of all m4sae en.$iz a& persrxnnel, maimed to 7708 WsCrimes Group bid is rsspansib%e far dfsoi,jbi~@, rn>rde, tsaAazing ad fraspaetion of such troops and the rat~itemeof recc!r&s thereon, excepS $OF *9hose relating to persome1 and payrolls, WAC SFSGLIQ~,-- WAC SECTIO~

I Chief ,of Baktian, %B WAC Tssop bLmWnb Omder of" aPL female enlisted pe~t"s-l on d.aatg wL%h77008 War CrIms Group and f e rsspmfble for dfs~ip91%ne,morals, kea%n9ng,aJbd SaPEcpeotfcm of such personnel wwd mdn- temce ~f reoords tl~gsresca, sxc~pbfor recurb relat.i.ng to peremel ma papoau.

MESS .AND CI'B i?iUX'Im

Xr~sofwm smh aer'~b.%ceaare n(.~+~fm~3~hedby d1f.b- c~~~~~mitr,operates all m.eBe, bill&, Lvzmdry, dry ~%um&g~and club ageneis~t,and 9s respomlbLe far tiLb rspeaid semlcs m%iv-itieeEne1,udSng PX, barber shop, beauty pmEox, end r@cnba~tll~mlmL3.vS-k fes ,

3'mnPw2 LW such aer-rr9oes ma no% fsadehe&by sla4jbl;%ayy c0-i.t;~~ fa resp~:iiS'b%eicn ep@iOat%OD. and 1.ux.Sn%@m;0of all b?;a%ldfrigs u-bilizsd by QTQU~~~f:e~.~:_~;g.~b2%8$"~@XC ~.w$~@ C&? ~$%~$b%fDgfm&:.$@a,, ad.atfP$%fea :,d squT.p~el%f;h@Z'eir::, 2.11~la&Y~x'g ~pwa%Agn cjf tel~&~@ma tale%nef~~%~~~ee, ~ ~ ~ 1n&2.gdr::::3usa ~ ~ I.%box-e a&~ta%Ls for upe~atii~of Group ,FI:@adg.garb@r~,md. %seep3m.d..sL%sa:~t,~assaw and wn%&mappr~~prf8%9 xe~~x*~

Xeapt:~r&ZbBeflar c~p@ra;R.l.c:..r:" B:?&~QS. p~aland ~%OX~~a,2.-~~:~~.,~: Y: shqp, m%b- %ena~.asmd ~1-9jpd.rc9i. eJ1 Gx.i-?upMCr%8~rv@h$bLe~ e.%Tm of' po$f e,ids ooncd~i~RSD%@~'~C~~ diapabcb., md we %hered, m~d~eleetim-adtraining all drl.mra Lkt3~8f'~~aAZTW,@EI for all %;r~8~p~Aet%f8gl fos ~BTB-~ a% G-:mp W:e~,a.dq~~%~r~lap mema o'kher %ha tramporb ,wsigmd to Group, personnel. for Grou-g, initfation of all perlsormel actions in comecticm there- with, mabteme of records thereon and payment thereof', Receives, eEassifiee, roantea, and dispakehee all offieid conum~nications, reglzlatiom , and dfrective 8, Furafebe mail and mssege center servies and arranges for or operates necses- smy eomier services, MaIxbtai.tmffles on oorrespondeme not relating to specific war crimes epeaes, Operates non-evldentiary reproduction equipmsnt and pablTahss at1 Group dlreeti~~s, 1, ParsomeL Section,

Proeolrse, prooeeses and @laslgmdl milftary, Awriaan civP1fa.n and wn- indigenow cielfan poraoaansl for Group, &ht&ns offfcar and oiv%lftxn201 ff Pee and enlisted personnel records, Iaftiatea all personnel a~%isn~ %no1udi% a~~fgments,promotf~, recWeificatSonso dependency requesrts, awarlla and 3ecora%fons, transfers, leems, furloughs and dcmotfom, Prepares . payrolh br.;d pay and al%werncs vouchers for all military ead of vilian pr- soaanel and effbets papmn+ t>hereofo MMntaim sick book for officers and csiviUans and prepares nmrw report for all milit- peraomm%, Ps~ues PX, ol~%Mngration, and fdentWir~at9oncart%,

0 lulfscesllmeom Ssctian, wm-CIITS-- SErnION Receive~,seglsters, oh~sifiles~diapa%shea, and routes all &f%cfd c m - eatfas6 Opra%ssGroup Ma% Roan, message center, and nm-exidenti my - reprodnet% equ3.pnto Maifitaim deafmal f3.108 . k3nta.h~ffles at" md effect e etpprsprf ate des%r%butionof axmy pubabf oat3ma and scbaguh%ims, 3gubPfahes dPgroq dtree+.Emeo F1w courier serv3ees and operatea the saw when neaseaary, B@qxi~f*f~nBand maintdxm 0ff104 euppllle~for Czoupo 1

mcbm amnm

Recefrss, reosrdrs, &yzas, twd sorrehtebs a1 testimony, dwmnts, records trial, ptf%%om, ete,,md rou%es~amewithfn Group, Serae,s aa !l%ea%ear depoaitoq fw tom, apra%esWar Crime Mbme and hvestiga%folaC@n%@ro fwni~hesGroup %r-Xation servise, gathers captured ezm~~~ydaes-nts, operatee Group evident%- reproduetfa equipen%,

ReeeAvea, rsoorba, cLm3sflies, analyzes, and eorralates all sworn %a%atfmony, dosma$s, s%BerevTdlemts, records of %r%aR, Petftiona for Re~iewand Petftia~a for C1em64m y,e%e,, %a%%hcmes to which thw relate, Rm%esdl. such %%ems - - ,< se folld5r8 wftFdn %he Ckomp, &n%afm appropslats records of BMC~ k.e\utLng, f'waskies nm;Flser:ra;@ra@r~l~efor %ha% purpose wiLhin Group Ea %dq,ua%@x;;,

2, Docm@ctsSect%m, '--a '--a --Dm18SEEPICIN--

Snfl.t$atee prm&%b a$" ~oc6Clur~~for ~0l%@c-bfon md prpetm%ia~].of war cs9'ms a.vfdsnce .w5& spacial ag-grehemiom Dfrecta operatiand%mtfW%isaof n~~mberad W,te+tZ;@red.d.~Lae:lnwn%s %sr, such work a0 oao~dmtesatme w%%h B'LCJTTmee$Q:x:~01 TheatJer &her headqp%&,6r~and ag@ncias, Pre-parse Mm%;sd2epdr-L~8~1.6.$2Pea me FLW well rn Wb@n%ionRepor'bs Wbh CRmCB and TPM, PlIn,i,.a%s%nskia;ia on. w!.&$a .3gen:. fes f~r~~~pk~@hem$~fi~~d@%@n%fon, cw%ndy a~:..d. b%Plskl;~u~02 m~wadand 1a7;$2.k~n3~8@~22 L%a@ir ~VQ~RE%to WELT Crime8 r e DJr,.act;a t;ruf4rg MC~BC%sod diagosftia of, and gx&tla tr.ls,wmc es $er @Y&I?P~LU$%,D~~, or res~dLt+ii~,of s%mpa'bamd ~tnessea, Grants c~B~E~XJ&E?Bf~r~@X338.~g?~3f ~kh8.T' @3~~69@8 O%~Fu~abd fl8%%CX!EJ 'ej0 k~t-es~.'i.ekr+r int:er~~-igat@ewpcts sad wi'bzeesee,

Wej'~"h~f .%hie Saf:t%r,m la bfmibsd eoLely to SOO~~.X~R-~,:~OE;of p%or%t~,bso if any, beb2mp8d tn be .mcessary by B~@~t9,ga%fo~Saction fn ~om$a%ion-with %nve[rtS- ga%,iona, and pric>x0j:t1.e~beU.@~md %a be m.eesssmx, if any,b,y AppreBsmf on 106 Go Do 3, 1ROT 46,

Bes~tfon, f e~eetimwith special apprehensicm wnd body mommnt actionsD and main.%a-es of a)latistfes ~EIto work laad of nunbered detwwnts and fn.l%%a%fonof change of station thereof when desirable,

Prcqpres and Piles Ww%aBReporbs cm wanted ~uapeeteand witness~a~ad b%enS'i98Bbp0&8 oa thoee in War Crfmes Eneloearre with CROWCASS and T.33, Ma3n.t~lna -mious rosters af th~sein &03hosura bg use of' ll? Shee-be, Resprsseu-bs %hU Group a bee" of Theater C-der in extzadftioas and r~l;.d&mmttg~re;&ante ~bemmesfor the release of auapee%~ad witn@sees from bS.aeme, and de?e&neas, or e,erusea to be dstw-.~d, whether fnd%rIdualaare wanted, Direeta ac%fvIties'of numbered adSbs%%@red d@%acmn-t;~9n scmee-bion with special apprebeaas%onazzd a'pseial body mwmnt ~%SQB~B,and mt%ra$afmlialacm with other Ua%edXat;%onsWar CrJms Li&r~anISatabn%s. Effects dfstrfbro$fon of Wanted and h%ba%iaxLie%s,

Paflo-oe of epee9a.l msigasmento, m &&rested by Evf 4ewe brw~hanit affsotfv~]b%&eonvikh agemfes to wh.i,cki 8ttwhed conelitute~the %wo pin- elpal %V~C%~QI-EI& 3.eMmred ~%when%s,They may frm ths $0 tims be ms%~dr@spomibi%f%y for fmmdAa%esuprvisfon of' spra%foamtfvit%ss af nxmbered deGmWn%a, In &hLnis%ra%fonof' per~orn~lthey are &ded by ~OX~GSQFIi~It%ated by AdlJu%8~~t~sBranch, mad in the 9388 of mtor TQ~ICL@B an8 other equTpgsla$ they me gu.t&d by polfefers initfa%ed by H@aCbq&arw b C-&a1% 0

, % 0 0 m--- J2EEdh-s The pr%ncfpdLf~tbianFPfP numbered de%,whdntafe to effset hmrjt%ga%90n mud sgeof.dL %cppe~h@mLcaaz,and body momme~tmsmnt~as direstod by Wi- dents &mh, In ~~istratioof pars-ab they me guided by pak9eies fnit9atcad by AtfJsx~et~atQeBranch, and in ame 0%mofcnr vehlalss and. o%hW ~quip~nt%hey are3 &ded by poliefce jnftiea-ki~dBy He&q&@se Cmh.a",,

&.mines FFkvestigatforraof' War &uesn and dfrect~proeurement at' a.dd$t%wfis% sworn %@stb- %n bc~mplet;~gases, Malees final preparation of' cmss for tried, ~1911.a~&r&%ing &' charge8 axad pmt%euhrsjrefers cmss for %r%&ly md &@%amcineso%br Ura3.$ed Rati~w,if any, which ahanla be -onv%ted $0 sen& cabs6rmra apd e,&sgn,b such inv$$atfom on bekm2.f of Theater Co=d@r, Basem.- mdm.d~ mEsa of proesdws axxi poLities fox tribwds, rendere $@galadvfee 107 $hera-F,o ae sequ6etad by Lhemt, and establishes rules for preparation of' records of %sfetl,Prepares RevSew~m.d ReeomWtiom for r8~IewIrgauthority, Maintsizka liaison with execu%fon authorities,

Cc>nduc:Ca dataif98 ~x~E~~~L~oILHof al,X 3PhmsLiga.t~m of Wm Crime~"anti dire.-+..I-, ~'fl prol.i~;~~demn%addl.$iom*l= 6~9d@1:.cefn fnconp3,@-beses~s~,o~ reeomn.dE1 a,'baaadomnG of such afD"%orts,M&aa f%milprepmatf 0x1 0f c;&~ss, in~luding drafting of chargas rftlnb FWY-~~~c~?.?WB mrl_?%fzrsz.ca ?,SF trlsl, Zi2k:ht76~prc~ rnaa2g&%a%cmof' ~x%aaasof procedure and policies $ox %ribwds, Xn"Itia-bee appo:jnk.a~nt;CXF'ts'lb~r~ls.

.Proauras ~Pflcae,pwa, clt3m-b room, press room8 phcs.~~~aph%cm.d other war :r:rimeimfkitias, app.~opria%@mbes an& q,m.bering for isI@ndlywi't-nesees, crif ic;la%regrssenLw,t%vmsaf o'bher Uni%erd~atio~s,'6rm crfmea tr2a.l persornBB mem5.1ere of press, etx,, and- proc~,u.nem%h.y~ughEeadquar%@rsCom~tbaa"rr,of %Us Graarpe eupply and dependency quartering service for personnel assigned to Detachmsnt, Arranges for security, including sa,f'egmrding distinguished persons, other personnel, courts, and billets. Assigna court reporters, interpreters and clerical. staff for courts, Coordinates personnel acti0~41with AdJutantes Branch but takes no action except in emergency cases. Operates reproduction equipment and mail roam, and in coordination with Headquarters Commandant operates Ibtackrment motor pool,,

2. Counsel Section,

CDU~SEL mmrm Takes final steps to prosecute or defend cases assigned, including preparation of sworn testimony and other documb~tsfor presentation to the tribunal., presence of accused and witnesses at trials, planning of prosecution or deferme, s.g., order aP presentation of witnesses and documentary evidence,

( eta, Assures that Abdnistrative Section procures facilities required, e.g., court roams, photographic equipaent, etc,, and assigns appropriate oourt reporters, interpreters and clerical staff. Prosecutes and defendt3 cases, supervises paparation of recorda of trial and prepares and presents neceasarr -petitions''f'or review and clemency request@. 3. Tribunal Section,

Personnel serves as members of war crimes tribunals pursuant to Theater orders appointing 8uch tribunals in trial of cerses referred,

I 4, Soreening Section,

Exercises technical supervision over the operation of the War grimes Enelosur~, Arranges for safeguarding suspects and witnesses and facilities for setgrega- tion thereof. Mrects segregation and screening of such individuals and prepares Dstention Reports and IPQathereon,

BY mmOF COLONEL SrRAIm:

C, A, Hileman, Lt, Gol., AGD, Adjut ant. m1cm: /S/C A Bileman. /tic. C. Hilsmaa, Lt. Col., AGD, aajutant, 7708 WAR CRIMES GROUP

DEPUTY GROUP

I EXECUTIVE

ADJUTANT'S HEADQUARTERS RECORDS EVIDENCE TRIAL DACHAU FOREIGN Ln BRANCH - COMMANDANT CENTER BRANCH BRANCH DETACHMENT DETACHhiENTS I I J 1 I F P r 0 Personnel Troop Processing Prosecution - Administration - Section Section - Section Section Section 3 Control Section WCA Section Section Post Trial

Apprehension - Investigation rribunal - Section Section I Section WCI D'S Ln Detachment in US Zone Berlin {CROWCASS) , I -

- -- Utilities WCID'S I-n Detachment Section in French Zone FOG A

Transportation WC ID'S Ln Detachment . Section,. - in British Zone BAOR

7708 War Crimes Group 0.: Qecembec 1946 . -m- U.S, FORCES, EUROM THEATER

lXVES2IGlSEIOH OF WAR CRIMES

I--~.1, Purpose, Experience in the handling and proeassing of" war crimes caaes indica$es the need for e, reoapitulaLfon of -the general policries and procedures established in the theater with respect thereto, The pro- visimw of' thba See.-I will be broughL to %he at%entionof dl yar,~om@b, Reacf eaiom . These dfreetims are reaebded: btters, this headquartera, ffla AC Ot",0,5 OpJA, subgeet 2 'Establis~r~t; Mar Crimes Bramhesq', dated 24 Reb 1943, 22 Apr 1945 and 10 May 19k5. b, All letters issued by Headquarbers, 12th Amy Group, and B@&dqu&ersg Zth kmqy Group, enneerazfq the eollLsctian and perptizatam of evidenaa relative to war eriws. 3. Def farftPonse &, For the purpose hereof, the tern qv~ar crimeswmay be under Eudw -those vdolat f am by enemy aw.ti~e, ~r persona acting with %hem, of the 3,aws and usages of war of general 9.pplfoa- tion and ac~eptanoe~including %3%s in soaatra~e~bfon of %reatfesad on- ventfom dealfng wf%h the omduct of' war, as wall as other offensea against persons ox property which outswe omm~nJqtios or avohv~moral twp%%u&e, ccmaI,-8;.ted 5n. oomeotfm with m93,itq opexatioazs, wf th or wf thou* orders or the O ~ B ~ o O B be. . The tern '$War Criminals9'mqbe mders%oadto inclkde persons who (E) have oonnn%ttedwar crimes, or (if) have ccjtded, abetted or enemaged tB o~bes, 4. .a. A%%enticm is directed to Cfr 256, h~,22 l k 1945,~ sufaJeots '4iepsrtlng of War Crfm~and Xden%fflea%,i~nof" Smpes$sPB, Pursuant to the d.3.xectim referred to therein, a War Cries &m:h w-a e~tablfshtadin the JU&& A~BOQB~BSee tion, this headquarters, operaking under the general sprper~fefcmsf TLd Judge A~ooa-bsGeneral,, Wax Depa3.%m-t;, b. Likewias, the C-61- &nesals of' %he W@S%~ZT~md Emtern Milf%~y Bia-briete and of the US Foress in Austria heevs eatabliehsd, and =willmaintain, Wm Cri-a Branches in %he Judlgd Advoeake Seatlow of th%[email protected] qamtera to assure, %he efiinfent lnmstigation ox reportp fn accordeb~1~~with the priaeiples set forbh herein, of all war crtmss which acewed w%%Mn%he arsaa of' their reape~tfverssponsfbflitiaa, a. Slmel;Ewl*ly, ee&an ether maJar commands in the theater have found ft necrssemy to establish War Crimes Ermchee in the Judge Adarosa%e Sac$fom of their heaQ&ars LQ order more @ffa@%imlyto carry out thek raspomibll- i2;fas In this field, Be War Crimes Iramstlgg$5ng Team have beem sspeefdly organized adequipped for the purpoae of' bx~eatfgatisgwar ar3mso They ares 4,saYg:;:lasd to mricrws GO-& to supp1omnt war ~rhm~peraom@l therein a8 needs exist, a, me of the prlrnary f~m~timsof Mar Crimes &&aches, an8 the sale %met%on of War Crimes lhvg,stiga%fngTeame, is the aollsstfsn adpsrpet~e3,tim of evidence rsla%emts war crimes, The procedures govertl.1~the Grfal of persom accvrred of war erims ia comrsd by other anoeftie dfreotf-~csa, Rsspmtin,~~of War.--- CrAms, a,, In order '%ha% ni%f%q~saum1nqy m~kemore effao,tim ~0n+i3~ibt%:aG~m%RJO%he ,ax&% --he pro~scut~ionma pmimen% of war criminals and in order that ww sr.dl.m@s~sm.fsemqy sstab1.fsh,the bast possible cmas , :t. fa ~%?~bb8&38;Xr%h;t, al,% pmm1.Ek(9l,haezg (9kn.~~ledp;aof an fn.~l.dsa%or an &t ,thou&% ts ba a 'FELT" c~Emebe aw~,.r~-of the need for prmptry s?xbanft%>:Laga s*nm% gar @~~en%laEfact9ato th~war crj.mes agenel~s. Personn.e%perf ox?'; g 8,xxms'tlga,%3..os, intoel,%,9gen.ssa,pcrlfcpe, p;hetograpb.io, or [email protected]%fuz~c,%fon~wlbXI, d.wfw %hs no.mal~omsa4of Chafr dr~.kQnn mk 5TrddX7$TZ7cir$ %iji36t.,eyle &?\aor~mlsslonc& vm srimarj and will report the esss~n%i&Lfwte as herejfr $a %his p.~z?9.(qdphpr~~~ded.,

-.,' , The 'Tle4por-L of Mar Crlm@'' form a~t%a~h@&ES Ano.ex bi ht)r&c) ~dllha u~lbized in repor%- I~afomatlPox~r~onp,.@~..~ ~,~ll,ageh WEW c !m~a, a9 a bmf8 $OF appropr%[email protected]%%en.m p~@soribsd in Ssc I1 hsrasf,

,"",o , Peraomel fn %PI@ Emtam. or W@st~r.n.W.lltary Dis%ric-t;sw%%1 submit the 'lieport of War CrimeE9, :in qua~pl.leat'~"~ta the War bYim@aBranch3 Judge Advoca%s Sae%im,, of" ths haaclqom-t~ersesrfP -bhd9r.~IXtw~I)f etrlcti, and %hose %t-a Auetrfzt ~aX.l.1subml%s~chrapor-bs, in qua&-=up3bi,ea%e,%a the War Crimes &mh, tTudg@A&vcxatea &etion8 IlaaQmwtass, US Forma in Aua%rfa,, PekaanxaeR fn %%herat@& a.l,l8ub&% .bh.d 'Q~spo~%of? War CrmW%a tihe War Crimes Branch, pBpa.dg6 A~vo@~TL%@E@G%~QJ:I. thPs [email protected]&er~~

re$a%ing$0 TRY cr?meas bw been m~rgad%&dh, cad $8 FJad-ng spsraGed by, the War (lirimew Bran,ch, JDQ~Ad'c~ofa~ e Ele~%%on, 'GhI 8 he~q.r~ext~~~Sue31 con== csnt,ra%KcmQ%" ah1 raeords adessld.d~~e rslatJrse, '$0 war crim~ins uf prfme lmpo~mc@,ma all eimrsmdera v%Xlt8+;lR@RWG~3.8tbp8 a~ a8.y be n@c.,essaxy%o

11.- 7, , , J The '5~.,t.m~~t 3-CYD-Bin %,his Ses ---.---:- -Ss?Eem:s, - II me (3$ T--%mrgWp~rt?ma~to .vg:r C.YYML~E %pmiaa on";,y, They relate ta %hg f3am84?.{;? ' 100 of' vcwes:im@aand not' $0 %he reportls.;; of the @rlstanoe of wm'exim3B 8, War Crlaae xi,X,B ord.f;,r,p9&~he irsmst%gattsdbp War Crime bms%fga;t.;..Wgh: Tam adparaesm8b a~sfan@% %ts ?#ax P,~~.~YT@S~~B,T~I;S@B, 9, The .9rkv@atigatIl~~of (BSm~e2Yim&!;&?had BB &mex B hereto vfall be used 'by fnws%dga%~ra, 10, The spaal.a,l ~bje~%~%'g.~-of BU,C& ?,?.E:~BB%.Q~{~+~~.~~TRB~$312,be, BO far w etfij , p~s~kfcabbe, ti0 PFZ'PBX &XI, ti~%%~%b~.@?3'tTj.&:!1r'2@ Bi3 %Q -J-% 'the tr9ab of' the ,&legs& %amG~~'IIE~,XL~~a e~,i%segumn,% &fi:bas ~rrhbeyupon the "~v@B%igEb%osb WW L"r~@'", k,h3 &8'4%3c",E%CI~WI %~l@~b356&3if J~@~~US~y, A further ~bhqaet~isbof' such %~~stfg&ll~iwill be to oolleck evfdgrmgr wk8eh9 when properly c~m2:BaL~dd.~i.%.bhQPP~.&@~CQfrom ~&b@rso~ce8~ may emb1e the flxfng of reepcsw3.b11i%jra% Ievtels abs~~ thatJ 09 %me&i ate perpetra%or 11, A11 evi&emzshavl:~gpr~>ba.I;%mvalue to a rsmomble man w:f.$I be raaefvsd and included in ,i~~~estJ.ge~t~wCI:$ ~rca- ~srirn~,%8f&n@~38p~ wtll b~ 8&r0rn3md so shcwaa, kg -?.hereo0r8~~,a3.d srEf.inw%lp-the testim01zy will (Cir 132, 2 kt 1948, eoatd) be in question asad mwer fom, Howemr, in solple instmcss it is we- ferable for the s%atemntof %he &f'fan't to bs in afffdavit form3 in his m language, swom to before a war crlms investigating &%icgsx, $0 whfeh he appends, in his m lumdmR%~,a steetemn%tha-b he hm read and undgrstmde the tDestimony given by him, &,so, reporbers and in-bcsr- preters will be appropriately 8wom aa%d the Pa%ter propadrl;g qualff'fad, all rs9firmatfmw set f"or%hin %he record, Tdbera paticabfe witmeses will be interrogatad 1n %he presence & sroos-emamhers, and the latler wfll be given an opport~tyto ~~oi~s-~xaufneto arssme that eomplste fatrmes fa exbanded to the wltmea or mcu~edand %he,% tb.a teatimnrg posaeaose a maximum of probative salue, Xn the abseme of' a cross-examiner, %hecsxmtner will eonduct %he ~temogation.in sucah mm~ras to effeact simllrwr fz~irndes. Ph~tographs axtmn%myevld@noe ~21%be poperu suppodad by the swom testfmny of compelen% r%%~m3rs~,BtafBed. ~%~ucD,'~,~oDBmd sug- geations to Snms%iga-boraof war ~r.hne%rr@EatSve, to V~UTIOWt~cbnfml problem8 arising in h~eetigakflwbv(9 been oampiled md are av@?'la%2*53 War Crime .Th"mches an& &so in the Judggs ~dvo&a%aSectticam of %he m,~n.,r 0-8 whfoh ham not cds$abb%rjhedWR.~Crimes Bracka.de, 12, The, Bgh~e~t,fgatio~~of War C.r$aeJ" ' tom prepared by prsmml 1: the, Ewtem OX: M@aB:?mM3bbitm-y Idlak%otaw#ll be subraitted to %he War 6rr3ms Branch, JuMe Bdvoe,a%esSection, of %Itreheadquarbars of their Ml%taryDie- triot, an8 those .in Allgdtr%etto the WEE Crims Brmch, Judge Mvoc~teGee- tion, Headqu&sra, Forom In Awtria3 fm exafmtPon aa $0 %horovq~h- nese of hveer%igatfcm .%&Iambe%n@~sof' fom, E rsat%s%mLory awh 9xa.mstigatims ~il.3~be, i~me~laedim~~d~a%eJ.y~in %r$p1iea%eg %MB he@&ars (~%t@n%fon8 War &-B ~ ~ ~ % aMO. ~757,, 13, Except p'as~3wm-bto spe%dreqx~@st%made by the War Gr-a &who %%;his headg-ars, reports & wm artme %nwhi~hO~IJ XIA%%OIL& ce mitea BB~%%o~ ~%hmthan %he US are u~ol~a~LXI.no% 'be .ja~e~.t-,igt+xaeta eon%enplat)sdl thia See XI, Such reporbs cf war trims %rib1be f~mardesd~in LsipELca%e9 prmtb to the Fdw Crews Branch, this kseailq~~rsafor de2,d.veq~Lo $he appropiah au%harl%%es of %he gornmats camemedo fh, Direat Gndag%ian, Diree.5 ~~-mmxsa=iea%ic~nbstween ww crms qgmeiea fe aatboriead, (AG OQQ,Y Gu-~B) Ela Tl etIra [~d~:a%i-ky, l.r~r~alS,%g,s c~rg~~za~ion.,BLC ) , b , &."t@,~UYP, a7:ld. :: j,~fl~~.S&%ri~fi~!:if ~.~.SOOX~P~Y~f krlJ~.% c: . DQ?:~o:r:im.e .wad c,cm~.4,L %ed.s I..?a.ec:@rt.?~.n.a531,e do .&act plsc;e cf I:.Y~IIXS (r.a%ats&by rol~ghsk:@.t;i:h .tcg nnecvi.ls.b perrrnm~dn:tlP.~u.dza~&r,I,,a ,, T.i.'ve~~"a ;o %Ip~;s~l.h$~ too- pe.+:,&crl-&r.f.-th,rnq @ .iordl,~~%:!;*is,) s , Rat:la.e ~f offex~~h?QkS111.q2 wc~u~%d:E:ng5, %CTT.~W$I p%I=L;e IKIBWS~ of Red Crosa, a'ns:'lL~:j.a,e,t;i,.I f . ~em.s~~.p~oyejdcp:; sf. L.?, :~i:f~,e.,c~xk,kn:~s,rr~nro'rii.~starvatior~, ct,c ,) (CW 132, 2 Oet 19bl.5, sm%d)

b; (Wban my ptwsons me da%&ed m material witnesses, the addr~saand map eaordina%ss 0% the imtallation in kaaafah detained 8hoad.d be rstated, )

4, *ther evlbme: (Pho%ogra-phs,a%@,, if rseLd9.l.y available),

NmEa This fom%s to be wed 8w tiha %sl%%idreporti rg of the fact that a war crime he b6~nocmm.P?~-s~, It ia no% %a be wed in forwarding resdts of Snv~le~~a%d~of war arbtms, imlmd3ng tbs awom %estimoqy of %he witmsa.

E3BJEms k~&9etiga%ionof War &im, TO: 1, The war crime oomrad by thT8 :faama%&atfon9s dsatsrilaed ae foBlowss (State auco;fna%.l,y the adisn* fmts, taalu&%w%he b%eand plms, wi%h mp eoorUtes, and a c%ta%%cm.of .%he ses%csvmtItlraa%yprovision^ or statement of ewtomqy bm arf~h,%ed,)

2. At-bmhad 8x8 sworn ~ta%~~~n%sof' the f'c&ol$owlng suepct~oar witmsse~z

3* .Uoa%C,mh@dare $418 fa~o- ~oc~@B%B,pht~%cgra,phs, @%B,, not m~d8cl p-r? oftbe mom s%at@ma%~desosibad in the precaddrg paragraph, Howaver, proper $ounBa%fon@=vfdenca fie pe8en-b 8.s to each 2n %he fom of the #worn teet9.mq-y of a%, person having bwB@dg~of %ha aec6a38my ~'~Y!xI, The s.*%biLs we listad and describe&m foUmsx

4. (E' %hers we any spefal. ~iroicemrjta~eswhich shed light on the probative value, af the evfden~a%mBossB, it ~3Efba set forth 9n this paragraph. Lfkmab, 8- sUgg@8%f0m %O f~%he~8QWces of' ~B~.&QII.~@IBO% a~aillable$0 %%lea Jsl?pbstiga%orwill bs ata%ed$n this paragraph ., If %he~te, smoas be amp8~$9QY wl%ness@~,the~hadfirsaseba and. the ad.dreasas of sow - of thefr neara~trsla%9ws;.7h~*~lfi ~e eta%@&w3%h the d.@Iffi~t@nes$ requfsfte to %heir early b%emogat3~n~ox apprehdmion and fn%@moga%im,Ale?, in the caae ai? witnesaba, an iasa;%ca%f0x1 plhouldl be made a~ to whether %$kg, me %hsught to 'be friendly or Wrfen~,) * The stating of the addreas here is far the emvoniejclod of' those processing the "Ixav~stigatfoaof? War Crimeg', The requirement that the detailed fm%~pel rga ?tfe +-. :%A IZ~%&@BB@Bof friendly witnesses and a.

nWer of the:* (i.-f31-~~;-:~--I. t ' ' !r r~ be set forbh at length in their sworn statements is continued in affect, * Investigators not assigned. lo War Crjmas Iavastigati.til:~Taams will enter the nanae of ".he kdar Crfm~aBrmh to vhPeh assigned, mmmERS U. S , FORCES, ;EITROPEAE THEMm

,C%lBJEm: bl,iarexy to Ot;h@xUnited Na%ime and Italy of Persons hewad of' Mar Crfmes and of Wlk,nesses adEvidence Xsqwllred in the Trial of War Crimes

TO : Theater Judge Mvooat;e, Headqu&ers, UoS,Forces, I3urop.m Theahr

(3-1 For the delimry of persona in -bheUoSozone wmLed for %ridfor war crime.;

(5) 'For tihe deblmry of evl.dentfa;ry mbarf aX 13 the 'CJ,S, zone for ~~288in such tr%ds,

'u, Imiden%Lo asmh au%%ohori%ygyou mt~yissue %natructias3nd take m%ia as my bs nFwcsseary, In, the, name of- the Cu-w Gemrd, US, Foress, lZm-opem ~ h Gommor, Urrited@ Skates Zom, Gem, relative to %he apprehensfsn, and d@l%tm~~02 parsone, the taking and deLPveq of depas%%3.w,and. the eoB1e@t%mpcopfl~ag,~ phsSup%phl-ng and delfmry of ev%d@nt9m~rna2;erf a&,

2, prop%- cmsa, h. $7;: ssrr m~swith appasits ~SPBG%$PTBB, pm ~21%gm%sscjuests far ds19v@ryof PQTSQXW wated. $or %ridfor TEXT erfma, k omea InvoPvfng pm~1on~W~O have held high pel.&LfeaL, aisfl. Qr&l%tw~positfon & Gsrmaqy or in one of its ~'Elfea,~0beB1lgeren-k~~ or saksllitas, persons resqaesded by %TO OF nore natmiomgor -p~lli-bic&l or @%her mwwB cormidera%%~araSyou aJf2A clear %%la requests wi%h the T&gd Divfafan, U,S, G~alqC8nt;roI. Council, Ckmmnq, P'ou wi11 be respasalbh for awh oomdtatfom wf%hg or wxsmS~na.%ion.of %he re~ord8ofg %%I.@ United Ratfcans War Crimes Com.%,ssl~n,the Ww CrSm9s Qffias in th.e Wioe 6,f' The- cJnd638 Bd'g.aaa%e the CeaatrRa. RegPst;x$ kilw Cr2m%mls m,d Sscwrf*,y Swpec-&s,%be Iv-idan~ssan& ~~.~esbilgat~%cmC~a'bers m.d foreign liaauon officers tiherewith, %he Central War Crima L%brary, tho &alsP,ant @bwfefof Staff, G-2, U,S, Forces, European Themtar, and the War Crimes Branch or TOW aff%es, w my 'be required ar 8sslsa.bl.a 1% each. camo The hgal Di'br3~$0n~US, Group Con%x(;b3,Council, hm, will he reapo~&Xb%e for c~n~uX%ainor cl@a;rmess with Po19$$eezl MvLaor and Director of IntePligence, U,S, Group Control Council, Germany, the United States Chief of Counsel, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Control Council for Germa~nyor its quadripartite agencies which may be required or desirable in each cme.

3, Requests for the delivery of persona desired as witnesses may be granted in acoordance with apposite directives or, In their absence, upon principles cawistent with those governing the delivery of persona ww.%ed for trial for war crimes. Responsibility for eomultation or o1,easmce M-th other agencies ufll 5s a ?resoribad h %he aase of persons wanted for trial for war crimss,

4. You may grant requests for the t&l-ng of depositions and for the delivery of evidentiary material upon such oondltlons aa you em- sider adequate to protect the interest of the United States, 31 cases invo3ving political sr other unusual consideratfons and %n other eases . where you deem it desirable, you will cowult with the Legal 1)iviaion, U.S. Group Control Council, Garmaray, before acting. 5, YOU will normally require foreign request8 to comply sub- stantially with the forma prescribed by this headquarters,

BY C m OF GENEEM., ElSENHQm:

R, B, Lorn Brigadfer General, USA DISTRI3UTION: AdJu%an-b Werd 20 - Addressee LO - U.S. Forces in Austria 10 - U,S, Air Forces in Europe

20 - Theater Service Forces ear) -+, 10 - Eastern Military Dtstri~t 10 - Western Military District 5 - Berlin District 10 - Theater Service Forces (Prov~atMwwhd) 5 - Theater Service Forces (Rear) (JA) 10 - Deputy Military Governor 5 - U.Si Group Control Council, Germmy (~olftical, Ad.aisor) 5 - U,S, Group Control Comcii, &- (~irer@~or of" Intellfgcanee) 10 - U,S, Group Contirol Council, Germany (Legal ~iviafon] 1- G-1 1- G-2 1- G-3 10 - G-5 1- I.G. 20 - Dewty ~he'aterJudge Advocate, War Crime8 Rrwh 1-AGOpas 1- AG Mi1 Pers 1- AG Records -(?I!:Trial of" War 6xfm8 C~~EI

1, btltexs, $hie h@adqu&e?rs, file AG 00005WCB-AGO, subject as above, 26 dm1946 anti 1.1 Jub 1946, we reaefnded,

2, Ref assmsa :

o, b%tex, thls h@a@&ers, file A@. Q13,3 GJLP-Am, @ubJeets s'Diepos%tfon.& MiUtq Govemnt C& Base Rsemds, C~rP,a.j.nWar Crr%m@s6mewv, 18 Augus% X945,

do b%%erO%MB11Bad(anarb@tri~lgfile A3 008aoT Wm-bU10, eubJae-bg qrfsl 02 War Crimes and Bedated Cwee;rW,12 December l~bI.5~

The au6horit;g fsmrQ T@B~@&JB %he Cmmnding eQ1neraL8Third 'US Axmy A~ea,to appoa% apcial Military Gomnmnt Cour%a and UlfLmy @om,~sEomfor %he $rSaSb cdn war crime cases ,63 well as dl aut>hmfty'to C&@ 0th~at%lrn~in wmmtst%on-E;hermA%hhs becan rs~cakc~d, 4, Appointment of Military Gommnt Courts

Hereafter Military Government Com%afor the %ridof' war crimes cases Snarolbving Amdriem natlomds as sfctim and wsatrooitias committed in the American Zone of Occupation wfbl be appointed by, and all further ations in comectfon with sueh cases will be %&en by this headquarters, The principles hereinafter set forth wl%1,be adhered to in the appointfng af sueh courts and in the taking of such aetiow,

5, General

As a matter of policy, such cmea dn~~;alvlng~fl3mee tae lawe and usage8 of war or %hs law# of the meupfed territory or an;y psrt thereof, comrnordy Imown ers war crimesg eanrmftted prior to 9 1943, rn xq from tfme to time be datermined by the &pty Theater JuQe Advocate for Max Crimes, will be tried before spasiaP9y appointad Military Gavemmnt Courts, excepk where otherwfse directed by the Theater Canmmde~,

6, Procedural Matters &fore Trial,

a, Charges. Charges in the cmes contemp1ated sP91.l be prepared under the dlreetion of the Deputy Theater Judge Advocate for War Crimes j.n the form prescribed for Mbftary Government CoWa,

b, Reference for Trfal, The charges dl.1be referred to speeiab Military Govsment Courts by the Dapoty Theater Judge Advocate for War Crimes . c, UnSted Na$ions Observers.-- At %hetime of' referring such ohargea for trial the Deputy Thea%@rJudge Advooate %orWar Crimes a23 determine %has8United nations, ff any, which %nhis judgment should be invited to send obeemexa to the, %ria% and will extend. such i.n~%ationson behalf of the Theater C-dar,

do Appoia%ment of ComGs, fbs so&a wL11 be appeln.t;lsd by tkin headquarters and ~21%be composed of offfsera within. th3 ts cornad, (?*--.~raf Military Gs~~dmantCourte and Ikkt~mdfateMflStmy Gol~d.m~!;rit; S,-, J;.+ - appointed aa contemplated herein will eomfst of not- $ego "clp 2 've srlrl ~YJ% less 1;- three members, respactfvely, and the senior me@elvpreaenL at each trial will be the president ma presiding offissr of the corer;.t, The ordera appointing such emta wt1P detail a% least osla offfaex w%%hlegal training aa a member of such courts, The Deputy Theater Judge Advoaato Tor War Crimes wlPl @sign am or more prss@autcrrs and defense co'mmsel but they w911 not bs formally designated in the orders appofntlng the oo&s,

a, If &ter the trial ha8 begun a new member 98 appointed, or a , member on aeoomt of unavoidable absence during a %rialnd.sses part d the proceedings, the president will came su~hmember to read the ~ecordof' the proceedinggl had prior to his being appointed or during a%sence, as tha case may be, be The trial will be cmducted wcordlng to pertinent Militpy Govomnt directives and instructiane, except that no person will be convicted or sentenced except by the cnncurreiLce of .two-thirds of all the members .present art the time the vote is taken, c. The effective date of' prison sentences will be as provided for other Military Gave-nt Courts. Sentomes imposing death will povide for the execution thereof by hanging, -Confinemant withat "hard laboru will not be imposed, providing, however, that eentences heretofore or hereafter -posed which do not irmlude the words "hard laborn will be . construed to required hard labor as a paxt & the ptmishm6nt.

a. 34.respective of the result of trial, the accused will be returned to custody pending final dispositios.

b. The prosecuting officer will. be msponaible for the pepma- tion d the record aP trial, which, after being properly authenticated will 'be forwarded to the Deputy Theater Judge Advocate for War Crims, who will prepare a written Review and Recommendatiw for submissian to Theater Judge Advocate,

c. In tali- the actionpresoribtc)in subparegraph b, above, the Deputy Theater Judge Advocate for War ~ri&will. tahe into consideration and inclnd4 in the Beview and Rec~ndationsetoy Petition fox Review or request for clamsmy filed on bebdf of the accused.

d. Except aa hereinafter proBid4d in this subparagraph, no sentence will be cmied into executicm until the sentence has been approved by the Theater Cammandnr after having moeived the recommendations of the Theater Ju&e Advocate as to the views #wassea in the Review sad Recomm4ndations. The Theater Judge Advocate is hereby authorized ad directed to exercise all of the powers nf the Theater Cnmmfmder in cases where no sentence of death has been pronounced. The action taken will be entered on the case record ia the span8 provided on Legal Form No. 13 over the signature of the Theater C m r or, in oaees where no sentence of death has been wonounced, aP the Theater Judge Bdvocate. 9. Witnesses to ~ecutions. Death sentences sdjudged may be executed without attendance of %mdator;p witnesses " specified in ER-382.5. Such emcutions will be attended by such Army of'fioer or officers as may be designated in the death warrant or order of execution,

10. Permapat Fili* of Records, Mter final aation the case records of all trials will be forwarded to the Deputy Theater Judge Advocate for War Crizabs for pemanent file.

11. Cases Being Tried, The tribunals heretofore apzointeb by the Third US Arqy Area for the trial crf war urimss case will ctontinue as tribunals of this hesdquar€ers and.will ccmglete all war crimes cases then on trial by such tribas, Courts appointed by this headquartere will proceed do trial with the war crimss uases heretofore referred to the Third US Army Area for trid-, This headquarters will take all appropriate action in connection with war crimes tri- heretofore completed by %e Third or Seventh US Armies though such cams had been referred to courts appointed by this headquarters 5n the first instance, 12, Maas Atrooits Subsecruent Proceediws,

a, Cert* mass atroclty casea have heretofore been tried, toe. Ha-, Dachau and Mauthausen caaes, wherein the principal. participants in the respective mass atrocities were charged with violating the laws and usages of wax. under particu1a;rs alleging that they acted in pursuance of a common design to subject persane to killings, beatings, -i;ortwres, starva%icm, abuses ~lndindignitias, or part5cuI.m~sub8te~lltiall.y to the same af2eo-b. The cc~urtspronounced sentences in those oases involving imprisonment and delath and of necessity, in view of the issues involved therein, found that %he maas atrocity operation involved in each was @rimimfin nature and that those involved in the mass atrocities aoting in pursumce of re common deaign did subject persons to killings, beatings, tortures, ete,

b. With regard. to subsequent proceedings wainst mcuraed other than those Jnvolved in the initial or slparent" maas atrocity cases heretofore or hereafter tried. involving chsrges and particulms snbstanti~~.ly similar to those described In subparagraph a, above, it 5s prescribed as f011- ,.

(a) After f:lnal. action by the reviewing and the confidng authority,, if my, in connection with a parent marjs atrocity cme, this h~adquartrm8will appojat one or more Mi1lta.q Government Courts to try sueh add3,tiona.L indivianals as may be ~lmrg(~dwith participaking in the ?ass atrocity,

(2) In such trial of additional participants In the mass akrocity, the proaeeuttng officer will fmni.sh the court certif'i~dcopies of the charge and particulars, the findinga and the sentences pronounced in the parent case, Thereupon, such Militar,y Goveramdn-b Courts will take judicial notice of the declsion rendered in 'the parent cme, including the findings of %he court (in the parenti ewe) tIm$ the mass atrocity operation waa erimind in nature snd that the padieiprmts therein, &ti%in purrsu-e of a common design, did subJect pezgsons to killings, bsatir@s, tortures, eto,, and no exmiaer.tian of the record in such parent case need be madd for this purpose, Ij3. such trials of additional p&icfpan%s in the mas atrocity, the oourte will presume, slubjeet to being rebtat%ed by appropriate evidence, that 'thoas ahown by competent evidence to bv8 pmtioipated in the maes eritrocity hew of the er-al nature thereof,

(3) The Military Government Courts will examine the evidence presented to thm bearing upon the nature and extent of $he pmticipation of the additionLC partioipmta in the mass atrocity operations and pronounce such sentences, if any, as may be appropriate. (4) In any instance in which in the opinion of an htermediate Military Govemnt Court the evidence presented warrants a greater sentence than is within the pmr of Intermediate Military Gowrnmbnt Code, the court will suspend proceedings with regard to the mcused involved and refer the matter to the Dsputy Theater Judge Advocate for War Crimes, recommending that chasges againat the wcused be referred to a Genera1Militaz.y Government Court,

mER mms Lt C01) AGD Assistapt Adjutant Generat Telephwt Wiesbaden 746

DISTXlgmtION: 20 - CG, Third US Army Area 3 - US-~oroe~,Austria 3 -- Gffice of Military Gova~lmnntfor German$ (US) 3 - Western Base Section 3 - Berlin District, US Anqg 3 - US Air Foroee in Europe 3 - Continental Base Section 3 - European Division, Air Transport Command 3 - Headquartere C-d, US Foroes, European Theater 3 - Amsrican Graves Registration C m , European Theater Area 500 - War Crims Group Judge Advocate Division 2 - LLG Records 2-AGOpsas rnADQ,UARTERS EUROP~com I -, AG 383. (WC ) JAG-AGO @O 757 21 Mach 1947 EXJBJXCT: Redesignation of Central Suspect and Witness Zh~losure

TO : Commandix General, First Mflitary District

1, Rescission, - Lekter, Hq USEXT, file AG 386.6 JAG-AGO, subJect: "Designation for Central Swpect etnd Witness Enclosure," 27 Rovember 15,bhc

2, The Central Sl7speet and Witness Enclosure heretofore established in Dahau fa redes%gmA+i;the War Crimes Enclosure, hchau, In this ad succeeding paragraphs the word "enclosure" refers to the War Crims En- closure, Dachau, &% war crimhal suspects 2nd unfriendly witnnssas to war cr-es will be congregated therein, Individuals now or hereaf'ter in detention at other Instdlatiom and thought to be war criminal suspects or unfriendly witnesses to war crimea and covered by current CROWCASS wanted lists will be reported to the Deputy Judge Advocate for War Crims, who will request those finally idenkified to be moved to the enclosure. No such suspect or witness will be moved to the enclosure prior to such final identification,

3. The Conmmdi~General, First Military District, will be re- . aponsibla for the operation of the enclosure under the technical supervision of the Frovost Marshal, this headquar.tars,

4, The following fac;?llftiela and services in connection with the EUCOM war crlma program will be furnished either inside the enclosure or in the sillage Dwhu adJac6n-b thereto;

a, CornpoundEl and seatiom withfn eompomds, ate,, for the aegregatfon. of war criminal suspects and unfriendly witnesses to war crimes and fwther segregation within those categories, e,g,, segregation by group adsegregation of the more dangerous individu&Ls Prom others,

b. Of'ffce space, court POom and supply for US mflitary ad civilian personnel angagad in the %rial.of war cr-s eases, serving m nhmbbrs of tribunals or screening wm criminal suspect^ or u&riendl$ w5tmessas to war crimes, press rooms, photographing and other war crimes trials facilities.

c, Appropriate mess and quarters for friendly witnesses,

do Appropriate mess, quarters, recreation and post exchange fwilities for official representati~esof &her United Nations attending maas atrocity trials as observers, US war crimes personnel described in paragraph 4b, above admembers of %he press,

APPENDIX XI 6, Securityp including:

(1) Safeguard2ng the distinguished persons visiting the trials.

(2) Security of the courts during sessions thereof by the exclzjsive me of US militmy personnel for this purpose o (3) safeguarding the billets of war crimes triah per- sonxaal, (b 1 Safeguls;sdm indivlduaL~detained aa war criminal saspects and witnesses to war crimes in the enclosure.

f. Mainternee .?fnnle29eal services,

g. Second arxd third echelon maintemee of the motor vehicles utilized by the US mllltary aaad civilian personnel described in paragraph 4b, above and offiaitzl representatims of other United Nations,

h, Such essential additional facilities and services as may be necessary t,o accomplish the war crimes operation herein contemplated,

5, Rsqnisitiom for supplies dl1 be processed in accordance with current supply directives,

6 h carrying out %heprovi sions ~f this letter, the importme of these trials to the United States should be impressed upon a11 per- ~onnel, The critiolsrn of lJniti;ed Nations or their rcyrassctatives must be avoided aad d-1persowel should be impressed with thefr duties in thfa respect.

7. Such past of the eaeloswre as is not; required to detain war criminaL, susp@ots and witnesses may be occupied by civiliafl intcameea not of 'n'ar crimes %n%~reatand by prisoners of war insofar as such we does no% erddlangatr the general security of the enclosure.

/a/. Peter Cdza ,!t/ ,!t/ PEEEX CUA Lt Col, AGD Asaistazzt Adjubant General

3 - HQ Comd, ECTCOM LO - JA g - vaw 3 - AGRC, EUCW 3 - PM 3 - onax 200 - 7708 Wax Crimes G2 1 - AG Record 3 - US Comtabulmy 3 - Dir Para & Ah 1 - AG O-pm 3 - usm 3 - Dfr atell 3 - Second Mil Dfst 3 - Dir OPCE 3 - CBS 3 - Dir SS&P 3 - m, mc bO - Dir Civ Affaira .' CO~IQMAND RECORDrnG smm

Case Numbering and Recording, A separate case file folder was maintained for $hose item relating to each war crime or WE

&trocity, The ease file folder nmibers utiliz6d were composed of two or more p&s separated by hyphens, One part of the number thw septwatsd inbfc?,ted the cowltry 3x1 which the war crime wa~ committed, For example, -:lie tc~sefigure of 12 wm used in %he numbers of case fibfoldess as ta crimes comltted in Gem,

The next figure, separated from the base figure by a hnhen, indicated the number of cases docket,ed at the time the number was assigned which involved srims codtted in a pm~li@ular country, For exampbe, the number 12-31235 wm applied to the

1233th 23se to be docketed which Snarelvsd a war crim aolrrmlttsd

Upon receipt of itam aa to a new ease, the material was

&signad a number in weordance with %he system abova indicated and was docketed by recording in a ease jommal (Ex, 11, A special section of the ease journal vaa reserved for the entry of war erims eonmittad in @ah of %he ~ariomacom%ries of

Europe. In docketing th@cases in each section they were numbered serfally, Spm~swere provlded fox the entry of

"Standard Case Analyefs 6aomnelaturas" and trial data,

Processing and Indexing of War Crimes Materirsclb, Upon receipt of war erfmes material, a "Processing &eatst was a.ccompliahed in duplicate (Ex, 2), the original be- filed in the case fiie folder

' to which the material related and the copy filed in a separate processing sheet fPle according to cam nmbers. These processing sheets were essential as source material for the ,preparation of the card indice;. The card ind3oes hereinafter discussed Were indiapenaable in detemxhing to what cme material related, the msi@ng of cme numbers to new materid, the associating of '

suspects, witnesses and places with the proper cacsr: ;=zdin-

numerable other aapecta of the expeditious development of cases.

Ira the event the material did not relate to a docketed case, tw6

Index cards were made, one setting forth the new case number and a brief description of the war crime and the other showing the

place (Ex. 3). In addition, in processing material pertaining to " new cases, aa well as that relating to cases theretofore docketed

. ~ and which ind.icataa names. of new mcwed and witnesses, accused . .

and witness index cards were made (Ex. 3). On these cards 'T"

deno%es victim, "A" denotes "Accused, " and "P" denotes *Place "

0% war @rim.

In, determining whether newly received material was the ~lubject matter for a new case, or whe3her it was additional material for one already docketed, the names of persona involved and place of comnisslon of the war crime appeming on the processing sheet were cornptred with the card indices haretofore described. In process- itm which were not ccrmplex fromthe standpoint of le~thor cantent, the item was checked against the card indices in advance of preparing a processing sheet and, if no new accused

or witnesses were inditeated, no processing sheet was prepared for the Item.

Recording and bdexing Trial &%a, Caaes refdrred for trial

were assigned log nunhers serially and entered in a trial journal

(Ex. 4j, This jourmai aiso contained aciutlonal essential in-

formation, An accused cad index of individuds tried wa~lmain-

tained (Ex. 5). A case number card index arranged according to

case numbers and showing the correspori,:ing log ntmbers was wed

in locating entries in the trial journal, These three sources .. & information, i,e, , the trial journal with inf omtion according to the log numbers, the accused card index of persons tried filed

alphabetically, and the ease number easd index, were sflficient to

permit of expeditiouslg- and m-eurate1.y eolleating data for the

numerous and frequent reports pf varied nature for higher authority,

A ceuje review card index ww maintained as a source of ready information aa to the post. %rid~tioriadthe review statue as

to records of trial (EX, 61, The f f le of awh ear& was sepa~rated

into oampartmn'cls =cording Do %haagency and seaSlons, atc,,

. having current phrsical possession of the various records of trial. These cards were arranged wfthin emh compartment. accord-

ing to cerse numbers, Emh emd was appropriately shifted as the

record of trial to which it pertained progressed toward final

action by the Reviewing Authority,

PROCESSING SHEET

DATE 3 Dec194S SOURCE : HQTRS., 3rd hy15 Sept . 1945 PLACE OF OFFENSE: FREISING, Germany DATE : 1NOV 1944

OFFENSES r Killing of surrendered American Ahan

;IRGANIZATION OF ACCUSED:

NAMES OF ACCUSED NATIONALITP RANK SERI& # PREsENT STATUS OR LOCATION

SCHMIDT, Hans German German army officer Unknm ~erstmnfuehrer

NAMES OF VICTIS NATION& ITY RANK SWAL # PRESENT STATUS OR LOCATION

ROE, Richard Amsrican ~/~~t.21010510 20 S. Main St., White River Junction, Vt.

NAMES OF WITNESSES NATIONALITY RANK SERIAL # PRESENT STATUS OR LOCATION

DOE, John American Sgt. 31201547 895MainSt., Hartford, Corm.

DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY OF OFFENSESI On 1Nov, 1944, in the vicinity of FREISING, Germany, Hans SCHKDT participated in the killing of Richard ROE who was then an unarmed and surrendered prisoner of war,

Searched 4 Dec. LW

CASE NUMBER :. 12-1235 COMPILED BY: JMJh3s

APPROVED : Chid of Section I

ROE, Richard ( v) 12-1235 SCHMIDT, Hans (A) 12-1235 American German

s/s@. 21~t0010 German Army Officer- Address - 20 S. bkLn St., White River Obersturmfuehrer Junction, Vt. Present Status or Location Unknown

DOE, John (w) 124.235 12-1235 FREISING, Qermany Americen ,4n American prisoner of war, s/sgt. See 31201547 Richard ROE, was murdered at Address - 895 Main St ,, Hartford, Con., FREISING, Germany, by German guards under the direction of aberstunn- fuehrer Hans SCHMIDT.

FRFSSING, Germany (P) 12-1235 14L16 20-25 Exhibit 4 Exhibit 5 NO 12-1235 TITLE US vs Hans SCHMIDT

DATE RECORD mEIVED - 26 Oct 1946 PLACE ..W DATE OF TRIAL DACHAU, Germany DATE ASSIGNED REVIEmR 30 kt1946 12-22 Oct 1946 NAME OF REVfEPlER Capt . JONES DATE ROUGH DRAFT TO EXEC. OFFICE 20 Nov 1940 DATE ROUGH DRAFT RTD 30 Nov 1946 DATE FINAL DRAFT TO EXEC. OFF'ICE 15 Dec 1946 DATE F"WDED HIGHER HQTRS. 20 Dec 1946 DATE RTD FM HIGHER HQTRS. 15 Jan 1947 DATE EXECUTED 20 March 19h7

DEFENDANTS PLEA FINDING SENTENCE ACTION BY REVIEWING AUTHORITY

SCHMIDl?, Hans NG G Death by -Commutedto imprisonment for 25 hang- years commencing 22 October 1946 . 5 January 1947 ~~~DQ,U~ERS m/ac 7708 WAR CRIMES GROTJF E?JROPM COMMAND b

SOP NO, 3 15 May 1947

SUBJECT n Gathering and Processing of Bulk Enemy Documents.

1. The Documents Section is hereby assigned responsibility for: a, Supervising the gather% of' enemy docunknts relating to war crimes by document teams from document centers and other fiald sources, b. Processing such bulk documents. - 2, For the purpose of this SOP, bulk documents are classified as follows:

a, "Documents related to specifie war i.e., those which definitely possess essential evidential value in connection with a ~pecifieatrocity, b, "Documents related t?o concentration caurps, " i.e., those whlch definitely possess essential evidential value in connection with a eon~emtratimcamp erne,

c. "Reference documents," being those relating only generally to war crimes and usable only for research purposes, e,g,, bound volumes giving general. infomation concerning SS personnel,

d. "Documents of doubtful vdue~," i,e,, those concew which doubt exists aa to whether %hey possess evidential or reference value,

a, ?Real evidences,'" i,e,, ~vfdenesother than from the raou.th r~fa witness such as imtnunan%a and devices used in the coassion of a crims, or maps, pieturas, plats, and finger- prints, etc,

f, l'Documents unrelated to war crimes,tt i,e,, those which definitely do na~tpossess evidential or reference value, 3, Incoming bulk doeurnants will be delivered directly to the Documents Section where they w511. be processed in accordance with the following principles: a, The packages of doswnts will, be entered in a journal and,: after segregation into the elasses described In SOP NO. 3.

parsgraph 2, above, will be taken up on etock record carde. b, Documents related to specific war crime will be translated and forwarded to the Processing Section for classification, ~ysis,and correlation with existing cme file folders, etc., cis ordinmy evidence; providing, that such doc~ntsfound in concentration camp records, relating solely to the concentration camp cam and not to isolated atrocities unrelclted to the concentration camp caae, will be processed m provided in subpara@aph c. below, The translation of' documents relating to specific war crimes in which American victims are involved will receive translation priority over all other documents, c. Documents related to concentration camps will be translated and forwarded to the Procsssing Section for processing in accordance with procedures pertinent to euch oases.

do Refwenoe documents, which are of value primarily -becays of infomtian of order of battle or "persanalityn nature, Mil be f orwmded to the InPeatigation Section, The balance of reference documents will be placed in the appropriate dossier file maintafned by the Documents Section, Refwpms 'documents of such bulk a~ to .msZrs translation im- praotkcable will be accompanied bg a Smmmy Work Sheet, *&

e, Documents of doubtful V~MQwill be forwarded rtecompanitd by a Sunrmary Work Sheet upon which will appear only a transLati- to the Chief of the Investigation Section, inquiring whether a cmplete tramlation is deemed bsirerble, Complete tranrjlations of lsuch docgments will be made only pursuant to such requests, Those documants, for which a request for complete translation is not made, will be appropriately filed by the Documents Sect3.cn,

f, Real Evidence, susceptible of' filing tm ordina;ry documents", will be filed wfth the case to which it relates; otherwise, it wlll be stored, a stock record made, and a memorandtan listing the same will be forwardad to the Processing Spction for inclusion in the case file folder to which it xyla-bes,

g, Docmnts unrelated to war crimes ordinarily will be returned to the sources fram which they cam or deliwed to other interested agencies, If' such sources refuse to accept return thereof and interested agencies cannot bs located, after reasonable efforts so to do, these documents will be stored by the Documents Section. The Chief of the Recorda Center will then 4ive consideration to the advisability of their being destroyed as may be permitted by pertinent 136

1 SOP.la0, 3 15 Mw 1947 regulations, It is not necessary tha%thie olase of documents be stored in vaults or eafee.

4', The Processing Seotiars will establish and maintain a separate index of documents of'grrobable m,ltzCI to the Wfioe of Chief of Counsel for Was Crimes at Nurnberg.

/e/ C, E. Straight /t/ C E* SI)RAIG$C Colonel, JAGD Dsppty Judge Advocate for War Crimes SOP no, 5 15 May 1947 1. 1. ' SWJEE : Processing of "Reports ' 6%,WqGrinles" and

"Investigati~ms9f War Crimes" kvoLv3ng Only...... : ' .mationale of' Other,Govb~pments., ...... '. ., , 1. AB a guide in xprmessing "Reports of War CrimesJ1 and "Xnvest3gatiana of' ~ar'-,bimo~ invalving only victim who me nationals at' other govo~*~llaats,the folLowhg procedure ie praecribed, The phrases tRiport of War Crime" and I s'liamstigatian,ofWas Cr%menas used herein are intended to eaxry the meaning given in Circular No, 132, Headquarters, US Forcoa, European Theater, 2 October 1945,

. . . : 2.. Attmtion i

msigm to, the ~irector,O-Pfice of.Milit- 'G-overnment (US Zone), . 1 ' . , , .. in coordination 'with.%he Office oP,Milftcy Gove~lmbntfor

, ' Germany -.(US), now .mergbd'kith the .latter, he'reinafter. .referred ' . .

to .as vDMXJS,.n staff: respon~libiiityfor taking app~oprietto , . . '.

mtioi~to enhLbl~.Germecn.~ourta~tobring to Justica.,Germana or: . -. . ..'

', other' non-United Nations nationals mcus~dof crimes . or , . . . ' . ..

' . offenses in.violation of' loc4 law again.& Gem or other ' . : . .

: non,-United Nations P' nationals;, and.gLLso staff responsibility ' . . . , ' for %hesupervision.& the"t.rizd of such cases, .

3. Proceeslng ~eportaof War Grlmea, (Reports of Weu' Crimes inelude not only those items bearing. such title but all itarns which ere i~the nature of reports rather than investi-

@;ac,Pons.) ,

a, .The Proeegsing Section will:

(1) rsdt assign a erne file folder nmber.

. (2) Not place the report in a. case file folder. (3) Hot prepare a. s-y work sheet. b, The Investigation Gection will:

(1) Determine by hwty examination only, whether any information therein is probably needed in developing 8a - Amsrican owe.

(2) &tarmine whether a8y accused are in custody.

APPENDIX XIV 1% SOP NO, 5.

(3) E the Accused Custody Statue is A-1 or A-2, by appropriate means furnish adequate infomation relative to those in.custody to the Apprehension Section, which Section will reque~ltthat they not be further detained unless-they axe already in the War Crimes Encilosure, in which latter event their removal will be effected as an incident of action %&on under provisions of 302 W3. 11,

(4) F'orward EL copy of the report to the government whose natiomJp are involved as victimE, or to -, as the ease may be; pro~idin&~ ho'biev~r, that if nationals of more than one governmsnt are involved as victim, the governments concerned and DOMGITS will be merely notified of the existence of the repoh in accordance with present procedure; and providing, further, that even thou@ nationals of only one government are involved, if information in the report is needed in the deyelopment of an American caee, such information will be preserved in the records of this Group by retention of a copy of the report or by other appropriate msthods. 4, Processing Irrvestiaatims of War Crimes. a. The Processing Section will:

(1) Place the investigation in a case file folder, (2) &sign a carre file folder number, (3) Not prepare a sumnary work sheet nor witness or suspect eeds. b. The Inveskigation Section will:

(1) Classify the case only as to Nationality of Victims, Accused Custody Status, and Offense Classifications,

92) I>etermina by hasty examination only, whether aqy infomtion therefn is probably needed in developing an American case. (3) Determine whether any accused are in custody, 1 (4) If the hcuaed Custody Statue is A-1 or A-2, by appropriate moms furnish adequate inf'ormation relative to ' those in custody to the Apprehension Section, which Section will request that they not be further detained unless they are in the War Crimes Enclosure in whi-oh latter event their removal will be effected as an incident of action taken under provisions of SOP no, 11, SOP NO. 5, 15 MBy 1947 (5) Forward a copy of the investigation to the government whose nationals are involved as victims or to DOMmTS, as the case may be; providing, however, that if nationals of more than one government axe in~olve'dse victim, the governments ooncerned and DOMGUS will be merely notified of the exlateme of the investigation in accordame wlth present procedure and, providing, further, thaC even tho- nationals of only one $overnment are involved, if information in the investigation is needed in the development of an American ease, such information will be preserved in the records of thie Group by retention of a copy of the inveeti- gation or by other appropriate methoda. (6) If there be only one copy of the investigation, the letter of tr-ttal to be .placed in the case file folder will sdfice for future reference purposes. 5, The use of prescribed fom letters in forwarding the data contemplated by this SOP to other nations is authorized. 6. In instances where the investigation so forwarded has been assigned a caae file folder nuadber by the Processing Section, care will be exercised to show that number on the letter of tranmittal.

/s/ c, E, Straight /t/ C* E, mRA1GEC Colonel, JAGD Depty Judge Advocate for War Crimes UNnm STmEs ARMY

TEEATEX JUDGE ADVOCATE'S OrnICE > WAR CRlMES BIRAmCB EUROPEAN TECEA!rER a' OPJZIML'IO~ , 5:

I 38 April 1945 , (sUG&BPIOIQS TO IDVESTIGNQRS- ---a' WAR CRIMES ~OI][JCTIOI!I I . - It is not the purpose of the suggestions that follow to commit investigating team8 or individual invsst igators to an malterablo mthod of interrogation and preparation of investigation reports. On the .c-a-y;. it Is believed to be importent that there be left to .all . i~vektigators,a latitude of judgmnt and an elasticity of investigative priiedure, so %ha.%the courses of action mo~tappropriate to each factval ' eituation.my kz followed.

, &am pmt bterrogations of German prisonera of war, lesson8 have 'been drawn;, through the examinatian of investigation reports heretofore fmaxded to this Branch, irregularities have been diecovered, Based on them, certain conclusions have been formed, which are submitted for the omsideration of those charged with the duty of making investigations and preparing appropriate reports, for? whateva~&%.id they may offer in, (a) obtaining the maximum of proof avdlable in each case ands (b) avoid- ,%the,forward* of incomplete or def estive reports that will require subsequSnt correcstiw action.

Nothing cohtained in the suggestions herein made is to be construed aa a modification or alteration af the instructions embodied in "Appendix An attaohed to letter of 24 February 1945, HQ., European T of Opas, AG 000,T OpJA, subject: "Establishment of Wax Crime Branches".

. . '4oESxON psaD AlmwER ~OGATIOIBlmmEmI3 The question and answer form of interrogation is preferable to the talrlm of e;n affidavit in narrative farm. The former has the advantage of'definitenasa and the feature of can0ahtng the witneest owp worda, whereaa, the narrative affidavit so frequently embodies ge~srslstate- monte and. conclusfons of doubtful probative value,

sEFWUlZ CONE'llTEWDE GJB!MiW PRISQ~UNCW INTERROGATION

:=: A suspect should be separated prior to and during the cotirse of iratemcgation. Better progresa can be matie with him when he hm been in separate confinement, The #3sociatianahip w3th other prisoners of was Jm.a tendency to bolster his courage and will make him less amenable to the swestion that he discuss freely %he information desired, He should not be permitted to rejoin-other prisoners until all intemiews contemplated ham been c ampleted, PLACE-- a' rN'J!ERRmIm OF-- GEEZMAm PRLSOIUWS The selection af appropriate smoandings for the interrogation of' pI+isoners of war is of utmost importme, The prisoner should be handled as to feel seoyre from any reprisal m*$on at the hands of fellow-pri~oners, This may require the making of a'3Tangewnte for his k&er to another, camp, He should- qeve,be oalled out af his cam.. pomzd for interrogation in such et manne'r aa will disolose to other - pisonere the object in mind,

GERMAN PRISC!X@E EEAR rn REPRISAL , i). " Prisoners msy Indicate a reluctance to talk beoause of a fear that they rill be tried by sane German military court (ID(TEDSaBR1CBP) dtb??:,- %he war for disclosing iaforrplation. Same meJi not lmow the presadt. lessness facing the Nazi reglme, Their m3nde should be plaoe8- at ease '' ' and they should be reassured that no reprisal mtion will come to pass. Nor should it be Indicated to the prlsoner that he ma,y be called a ,, witness to testify in oowrt, This may deter him from talking &eel.$. ,

PRELmmAKP~Wm~SE8- , . ae GenerrtlQ. Infarmal interviwtm had with Htnessea prior $0 the takbg of their written test- will servet to aoqaaint the illterz:o- gator with the parti~ulartestimony that the witness is prepmed'to givo and will aid materially in a coherent demLopment of the facts dvkihg' -, the recorded interrogation, It is seldom that a successful exmlnation oabe conducted without the benef'it of prior interview, b. German prisoners of wm, It is not infrequent that the first interview xlth a Gemm pisoner prodwes very little information 'and .: that subsequent Intervim will find the prisoner ready' to talk freely. E aircumst~wsespermit, at 16-t tbr?e fnterv3swa should be held before it is concluded that the prisoner will not furnish helpful. informatim.

. . L & . I

. .". When prisoners of war are fI=%interviewed (before their ream&- testimony is taken) it is considered iaebdv2aable for a number of pereons to be present, It is believed that better results will be obtained: pre2imtmu-y interviews are ccaidusted by only one interrogator. With " several pesent, the prieom ~ometimesfears that a trial is in progress - or perhapa even that he is on trlal - "andforms a resistme to Oumld3li ing information. In order to g6t. s priswr to "open upn, there is ao substitute for gaSnixg his confidence and havllag quiet, unostentatlm tam wikh himi a. GaneralQ, Jf a key witness e~~ only a foreign language testiFies to vital fats on WMC~the prosecution~scase my depnc~~it is considered advisable that, _ in addition to the teatimany developed through the we of an interpreter, the witmrjs also be requested to give a statement in narrative f om in hie cvwn haadwriting, Partioularly should this praatice be followed in instances where the witness msy be hostile to the prosecution or'is a€'the type that may be apt to change his testimony at a lat,er date. The ocomicn may arise when the witness will have to be impeached and the interpeter and other parties to the interrogation may not be available as witnecses, Under such eireum- stamea,, a statement written by him wiU be of inestimable value, In addition, this will eliminate any claim - subsequently advmed - that the witnoas &sunderstood the interpreter or vice versa. b German prisoners of wm2. When it is believed that the inter- rloWa-hv4 netted ~8 much info-tim eg can be obtained, pencil and papr lshould than be made available to the prisoner so that he may record his ~ltoryin hio own handwriting, A good approach to obtaining such a writing ia to tell the primner %hat In order to avoid any misander- e*andAng of' what he baa said, it t;t be best for him to put the %acts in his awn bdwritlng; that the record -11 then be ole= and wlmis- %&able. JX this. appromh is cmually mada, it probably will be found that tke prisoner will readily wee that this is the best course to follm. The average German prisoner lzae been found. to possess an ex- traweetlmess for wautbg to wri%e, He likes to exeroise +hi 19.1-*ram talents he beliemfl he posaesses, He should be given ,,:.sf_";-j- of"t-.:vic which to do this writing aad should be left alone u~~rado- it, Almost invariably, the inZormation he sets out 'inthis witlng ill be ap amplification of what he previously related,

A written statemsnt of the kind above mentioned haa inestimabEe value, In the first place, it carries great weight as having been voluntarily give^., It is in the prisoner8sown words atad exprassioxls and eliminates any claim of misunderstanding or misinterpretation that the accused may desire to advance on the trial. It m~yabo i3em the very useful purpose of be* exhibited to other prisoners.of war in an attempt to procure stataments from tham about the same matter, It is saggested that no series of interviews with a prieoner of waz be concluded without first Wing available to him pencil and paper, --OATH OR AFFIImA!PIrn No witness should object to either swearing'or affirming to the testfmoqy he glves. XE' he is unwilling to do so, his testfmoay shauld be reduced to writing together with all reasom be may adme for his ~llingnessto swear or &firm thereto. It should be borne mind hmwr, that such testfmony is not to be considered by the Investigator as having probat ive value ija *esen%* 'a*prhfacie case, utiLees it is in the nature of a confessicn or admission against interest,

Interpreters and reporters shoulb"a.1~0be sworn; The better - --i:, ,r.

practice is to set out %heform of oath anfatered to witness, -fn-:'~c :\ XL t;erpret&r and reporter, inatead of merely 'Wcating that an oa-bh w; s.-: given. . t .,3 . a ' < ,-, * - , . % . ., I I*- . mLOm m. Qu&IFICmIms .a? m - . ." ,l.. - . -2 . :.'1- 6 ,.? .C . Mtar the interpreter or any ex$erb.wi.&ness is sworn, Z;heLkPB~t . tig<or ahould develop by appropriate interrogation the fall qualSiw.'. -.Y oa%%omof such interpretlsx 'br expert for the recmd, The educaticmp :r,:,;, %raw,experieme, et~,,qualify3@ such psrsan to serve 2n the?

3EUBP,Y TO BE AVO= t (., 1 d , - Testimony adduced should &%Srmatimlyshow that it is basedb=- persona2 know1edge, It should learn no fxrtimatian or implication .the% At might be baaed on hearsay, In s~veralinstances, the testimony of ,' w-i%aesaes taken in midavft f om baa flailed to indicate clearlg- tUt 1. .-.. it wm baaed on the witnesssso om lzazmledge; When teetimany is lef* in: : dLa a form so mcertain and anbiguow, it is open to the risk of being . rejected as hearsay, , , COLaRED Tmmm

When the ~&OMP~.J~-?Sse oppressed who have scare to settlen with I erne aecufled or the Nazi forces generally, a~~ inquiry and apprasal shoulPd be made fo ~ t e U ~a personale design to obtain revenge, . - motavates their aetfone When,~nchalreumatames are present, their storfes sbdd be probed ~ar&uUy, X the hmstigator concludes that prejuafse or f11 all is present, givihg rise to colored testimony, a , c-nt to that effect should aesompany'the report. (j

*.- .I -.: Jr In a few instatlses,shocking .t;&eB a€' atroelties have Wen related by soldlers of our forces, which upon close iavest.Qation, were found to be baseless, Such tales may be dne to men%& aberration, to the desire to tell a stsq of adventure or may be inspired by an effort to obscure some wrongdoing on .%biafkmuuit..oa part; In one case, a soldier, eltlfmlng to be the only essapee frak'an-'atrociatsmurder of a number g: aol&lws related a graphic dedcripbiolz &--the alleged crime, A semc&- irzg ht~:mcgati8nthatfolloweddieeLolsedthat the informant wm-~c. desert;^ and ooneeiwd the haof' teLU.ng th5s stary to cover up his, desefiion; A eheck of G-2 Worma%isnfor tmticetl dlapositians and order of battle, resort $0 maps of the alleged sector invo1,ond aazd an. inspatioft of pertimnt physical facts iuq aid in testing the tru%h sf the stor;y,

3Cf the prisoner megets the idea that someone elae who ha^ know- ledge of the fwts is about to talk and incriminate him, it wflP hasten hia desire to talk. The average German prisoner of war possessas a strong feeling Lhat he must help Mwelf wherever he can arod if he thinks that the matter under inquiry is goiw to corns .to Ugh% anywqy, he usually evidences a ready desire to be the one to reveal. it,

It fa 310% unusual to f :;nL zc prisoner who is implicat;ed In an inoi- den* - upon realizing,the seriousness of his situatio~,offer tcr give Lest%mwthat a11 il'lcrl~?x-,~:ts others, He mey seek soma prirllege or fmmmi%yfor do* so, The power to pant immuni%y does not rest in those charged with the duty to investigate and the prisoa.er should be so advised, EKHIBITS - FOUNDATION IKlIEXCE -TO SUPPOm A photograph or other exhibit (such as a service record or pass book taken from a prisoner) is not admissible in evidence sSm9l.y because it is attached to a report of i9vastigation and referred to by the 1mast;igator- Examiner as an exhibit, The photograph becarnee admissible aa cmp%e~t proof, only when there appears sworn testfmony by a perscn having 'laac~w1.edge of' the fmts that it is a correct reprodv:C,t3n 9f a certain object, nw individual, a scene, or whatever it purport*; La depict, Simihrly, - . - a,-.. article taken from a prisoner of war become admissible only &en GB~PLC is compe%mt proof as to its ownership, we or possession and Chis mus% be furnished by a person who la*-~c~raonalknowl3dge thereof, to either %he pho-bograph or the article, no better proof: cm be adduced than the adn2ssfon of the prisoner involved in the 9ncidem-b that %ha photograph is a aorreet one ox that the article belonged to him 02. was used a% the tfm cf the incident, as the ease may be, Every phok~raph or obJect 3det;Lifiod ,hould be idtiafled by the ider~t-Siyi.ngvitaeas and the lattleraa sworn teslfmony should show how he marked Jt for ide~-bW9- cation, The eaibft nmber given by the Lnvestigat~rto such photcgra.ph or ssBtiele ahouLd appear Ln the transcript of' in3erroga+v%f;P~na% the point where ider~.tWieatby the witness is aatablished.

lUUS!PWIOX8 An ambulance containing two mhise gm =d other weapons was &%mn by four Gems in%oa tm oocupiad by Ameriam troops. As the tom was entered, the Ge~nanabegan to fire :from tk@ ambulance on hrioan troops, The ambulance was stopped md the nul$rf ts taken prisoners. In the favastigation that folloved, a~a%nvestig&orwho arrived on th~stem the next day undertook to ccrSSf y that pho-l;ographs a%tac.hedto %he report were true pictures of the ambulme in~ok~rad,How adhe know% Obviously, only through hearflay. Several Ameriem soldiers

who s%appad%he r>s>-L. md @~~%~a3'ed%%B QCCU~~~S W6Fe bl 8 ~6b3Ptioll to id.~xatX,yphc 1I Ly,-- r s .3f %[email protected]@rn we31 as pi~tureeof %he weapom md artfcLc;ie bakm from %he &:man prisoners, yet none was asked to do 80 in %he s%at@mn%s %hat were %&en from tb.em. The German prisoner0 guilty of this off~awamra interufewed and gav8 te~timny~but none was asked to fd.eK3a.ify the pho%cgraphe or ~k~al~s, I1;1lDEXI?IC~EQBCbFs lLXEM!C UX,US + ----.-.. -I- -- p- %en %estimn,y elfsited refera to the pazrpetratoxs as being members of' eerta-n emmy m3%ag it .ehould agpsar &fLma.Sf~@&ythat the witness hew %MEof his om p@raaml'hm&eQe, Ch sav@rrdlOBQ~~OSLEIreports have dise&oesd txl?fflbH%a by intna$%%e;en6cgctffiser~to +Jha effect that the pqe%ra%or~weare me&@r~of B O pY"PY"P"l..axXLar~ wit but there wm nothing %ashow %ha% the wifnass knew thie of his own howBedge, nor &a% hi8 ems1wilasa based OE, W%ebal2 "+, Jomd-s, G-2 and S-2 &iPer & Battle Work Sheets1,or the %%IcezGOD' .-t?:.lng enkriea of prisoners 1 organizatf~baaed 09 their om e%a%em.lrtsare 'ual%svsdto hagre some probatfve v-alus, &an such Journal e~_d;r%s~me c,vaiJbablap duly e,wrtff ied extract oopise sh~Udbe attmhsd to fh@ report, Inx %&is somection, it shcsgld be borne in Mnd. t;%& %here dl8 nc %~~9-\3mcr,yof ~trongwprobative f(2rsa than the ad3eissim.s c$ pr.Kw3n~lrsthem- * -r em t.be ::zt?te they b~bongtn adthe P&@xxl-,ft;y 02 the t-xgm.lna.%.p,x.,-. 13% were ,sp~~stfng at s eerb&n place, I&@W~T@~-prIsw~exb~re %OUQ~ T~~CZIare w%Linp; to give this %&ormati m3 tha%r%6etf31ieqy eBi..~13S?be cls.~e%opedi%a%,ly,

rnXGZrnDG mF22a rn l3-mnIx1-1nG TrnrnOrn --*---,, -.=------.>-.------"- " .ks&nfw sa~h~%dn~es, fL is w412 %O mtl~ipat~ethe defense %ha$ the mowed 5s ~.p-t~GQ ~..UTO~SF - f;h.t, trfd- ~f %he case and develop th- " - 8" ?m3zs,y in %he light of BUG? 5.1:- * ?Y t4d d.efo.m~,tihat dersnae would you r 2.i~~if ycm w9rs rsprqse.Ting .:di Ths a,nevn73r to that query should diru tamA13.e the co-ise f n bos %~1:~0w~d :n ~*V(%$O~~DQ%ha +,est1~!t>nyso as to mgatJ?r%in all respea%~%hem prcb~iblr3d@f(r'~ses, 3XZU~WIOE:---. The dxw~qedia ehw-gad 3"Ph mw9h%aegutm3.w mdfea% aid m.e~o~%%--poof'ddffrd"cl:*Q-estab; 4x38 the p.,omnisafon of %hf9act, The logical def"smaviP3. bs %ha% %Be acrmed rzo~bdsot determstrri-, fv?his %hs% t7& victims mrs aid men ,%ad%ha% he cmidersd ?hem to be eonraba% i~i03=di@r~,Unless %Irafacts .?~?b~%%-Rng%Us d.ef@mwma fully de- mlopd (br ahm9ng that *he w8a+qhez vaa 19i3ar, %he close p-oxfmfty of %he mewed %a $he aid mda, 19%~~,"rhe cow%may foe1 PmpelSed to accept .P7hSedefense,

HEEPAf CQ%DEKQN W SUSFECb? OR IKfDES --- --=- - ---.------If agv @as@ of %heXrkv6~1j~.ga%%onshoald advances the suggestion that %he mn%dLit$of efther s w%n.8sa or s 8-wpc-b fa in questif an., and euch dtneas ar smyeet 2s &IV~~B;~~BLB~resor%sbo&l?d B8 had to a p~y~gliatric s~~tionif a competent psychiatrist can be obtained for such purpose. The psyehfatrist os testimony, in such case8 should also be developed under oath md made a p& of the record,

ES!TABLBm 9 IDENTITY QF SUSPECL'S 'Al& WIX'IMESSES

If, in the course of interrogation, a prisoner of war is mentioned who will be wanted as a suspect ar needed as a witness, the investigator should endeavor to obtain all poseriblo inPomation that all aid in locating him. In addition to matters of -personal description, such infomation arj his last klbm place of' detentim, the units that took him captive, the p1w.e where he waa captured, ete., may 56 ~siataneein findigg hfm, If a witness identifies a prisoner of wax - or other suspect, a photograph, if available, should be atteched, Do not 1.et the record merely recite his name, if more inform~tionis obt&able,

When a eonf"ess1m is obtained, the sworn- tsstfmw of ewh person present dur- the course of interrogation and at the time of coafessing should be taken and included in the record. This testimony should shm the circumstm.ss under which the confession was obtained and that no force, threats or other acts showing invol~~ariness,oeswred, Without such testjtmmy (a)the necessary predicate for the ~saioaad the con- feesia on the trial may not be available and (b) rebutting proof may not be a~cessiblsshould it be charged on the trial that the codessim wm improperly obtained, If the e~~sssionia in the prisonerts omhandwriting, the sworn testimony of' each person present during the oourse of int,erroga.Gfon and at the tlm of the delivery of the ccnf'essfon shou%dbe take2 and included in the reeord, It should disclose the oircwta~eesof delivery & the co&esafm - when, where and to whom delivered., Ln addition, the testimony of the author of the confession should be %&en shoving that it i;s"b~~t'i:eLy In his om handwriting and that it wm a voPmtaq actP free of thraa.bY,e,ornpulaian or the like. The mere $m,S that *he inma- tigator 'has s aaxfesaion in the prieonerqs m handmitfng does not ipao fmto render 1% admissible, Proof supplying the proper predicate for -its introduction is necessary. The investigator shovl%d develop the proof in the reeord en the sams manner and to the stme ~&en.t as jd" he were seeking to obta3.11 the ad?nissim of the conf"ess1ca on the trial of the ease,

The refusal 0% accused to be plaed mdsr oath before his testimony is taken, is immaterial. Soms German soldiers have been taught ln mflitary courses of hu,atl-u?.tion never to take an oath, The administering of an oath is not a, prerequisite to the validity of a confession or the use of admiasicxw against Interest. When tsetimony talcmi cxf %Jf*aasea refleets a 9&+:c:4 on a mat@rIal poi.n%, an et?f'& &oaB be red@ to rmwPle the disereparby, It may be 8saeseaz-y to re-~Remiewme or o;If swB witmseee *o see if an error hae mB bmn made by ow or %b@ o%hbo ' A wi%nese Is entitled.to

oorrtlet s mie%eirCs 3f he ehoo~ed+o 80 doo , ? - ~ m m Am GF-mm (3zmlm PRmm - -- ,, .uru -c-..-- .ra- AU prfsumre of war vho gfm mterf;ttP. tss%imnayor make caaieaelone shdd be -photogram gxad b%nger-grin%ed, !I%@rceaord shcs#ld kt& ' B W teati-~ (of om b~bgknowXadg@ of the f'wts) of the eorrectneee td the ph~tw~phma f~iqpqrfetaand ga &et&l~dbserip-bion of the per- Sa%O wh- %by wZ%Zl%g.a FBf8 XI.U Elem $0 CO~~P-W'~CBm claim of 1 I mristaken iden%$%$$h%IWJ be esrreerl.eci &'Oh@ trial, r

a, The t~~l%mtaban & BF@ wi%n@ssraefra an Smfd&e%often leaves a vofd ae to a ma%.~rialelemwxk of =pww&~O~~Brsdcm of %h rmord, it cama~tBs -4;1B.@tla!$k ';bWbn@awTw~cwf%hma-b bfc&% !on on %ha. 1~3~mmrkof proofo or 8h@3hdxhh@Ln~~9&~fga'!v,>rcfmrLadmd the dIrea%lng- c& ern. approprj&s &,qu.$ry %Q~@TL"I~~,Wbn a .ma.t;@rf al wf+,ness is unablet to OeetWy to am or ~W~P02 -)jB@~L-m9~++3,'cfpkuof' that ma wwPd ncamdly bxp@a%%o be 'wi?~aPa,mch c~,%~'PBBC *~p.~wL~~dp,%here shnai$d 'be ametB1nag set ma% in $he rey& $ha% &~SC;[email protected]~+ $he xISS,~~PB~BIis 9nfirfomd 6.p saeh fwta, 1% fB xegflf ~ed L-k fa ~ct"Iwbee% prac?%fPaato shuw Ijy a w3%mase haw mph h~ &manct knuw abouG %h$ anstt3x mhr inquiry, h %b.& 3%ha 8 t%d@B?,~%9 WB&$1i52 ~OBf%f*gr!?w80f %h&he %B able to fkm9.shO Hm-s~m,.t,h3 atggeat%esnb.@r/q~d~m@dambe me%, f-sill~,if the famatigatox. m%L allrmp&y iceLub ,LIT, his &paH:, a eta%eme,~ton s separate shest (/,not,%o be a pst & 6h3 :Yx~komc"~at-imJc-dL39ag atfentfsn to the fmt that appresfetke Anqxxtrisa mrs wile of %h@wltmss 'ae to the o%hm matarfa3, m%tara, bu% %ha-!>%h@cpitaeasTF¬ ebls to testify thexet~ 1 .of' hie man ls~mrLadgs,

XIJXJmRBatHON:: An a.LRf~dpLm'e a crwh lbandl5ng, The pi1ot Shro- CP~WIX WQp- adww $B$W&?o -Re'~8L61 ~bfEB~ by troop8 ahokb 4heye w%%n%a~Go th.3~~a%X'~6$%3- 'wtW"-h*@FfYfd%519d0 uthmgh he aaw %be pi10%~he ~I.S ma'ta$~ta t933 wb9he* Be ma Ankriean or BTftish, There wm ]no%h~3x1 +he %n;l;srrog%a ~ndiaa%w%ha% the -&%~@BB was asked fns d~aez3'iscs%h@ 1d.e~~GZfea$io~ mmk~QD. %99 plane ,3 dkhagh the tJeethmy ~hmdoLeuupv wd=h@ssma e1ae;e to the plane sad ob- semd It, In %hat; s%&e a!? the reerdd? tb eaner waa bf't t jestme ers %cs whether %he 4Bbft,n~sahad hen in%m~oga%edon the am?'" "C=' <= me&' the ad f*@ fd-fjigl* &,?%XI o , f- b,, b. It is well to bear in mind, constantly, that the witness whose test* is taken (unless he be an accused) doubtless will not be present when the cam is tried. The ~osecutionlscase ma~rhave to stand or fall on the baia of the witness? testimony aa developed by you. It is important, therefore, that the facts be developed clearly and in an admissible manner to the f'ull-IimSts of the witness ' personal howledge. ESTABLISW CB' PRlMA FAClE CASE Before the investigation is completed end the report prepared, it is well to ponder the question of whether the prosecutor to whom the eae will be assigned can present, on the bmia of the record made, a case on which he can expect a conviction, The investigator must aasume that there will be nothing available to the prosecutor dehors the record - the fnvestigator has prepared. Does the record present competent evidence b to each elemsnt that c-titutes an essential part of the offense chtu-gedt If' not, have all available sources of infomaation been exhausted to supply the missing linlr in the chain of necessary proof? IEBJTP TlBA!Tm (JhT13GEADVOCATE~SOFFICE: WAR CRIMES l3WUCH URlTED STNES FaReES, EUROPEAN THEATER 633 29 Ootober 1945

WGZI TO "SUGGESPIQHQSTO SIVge961GATQRS OF WPLR CRIMES"

1, Reference 9s made to 'q~est9ansto Investigators of Var Crimesn, Thea-ber Judge Adaroeatsos Wfieee, Maz Crims Rranch, European Theater of 3pwakim &%ed 18 April 1945, copies or which were widely dl~trfbutied %o var srfms field agemies and q single copy delivered to all crfficers re~sxstingfor dutr with %his branch,

2, The reug~estfombexein&ter made are intended to supplement those c~2ntdradd&A '~,;~rstfansto &~@~%igatoxsOf Wm Crimesn referred to in the pacedi= pamgraph, 3, It is aswidered desirable for %he f'aLlowing f omto be used in mesring FP~*~~X~SSBB~stmmgraphfa reporters adEaterpreters, respectively, during the emas of in~8stfgatioa,

a, "YQ~swear (or &:Cim) %ha-% %he ev9denC:e you shall give in this f~~9stiga%$annm befw cm&aetsd by um shall be the truth, the whole ruth and no-bhing but %he truth, So help you God,"

b, @You swwir (or a~ffm)%hatyou w3lb faithfully perform the du%jes of' repo.rkl@rfa thfs faa~ss$fgat5annow befq collducted by ms, 8s help you God,

a, "You e:mw (or affirm) that yon will truly interpret in this Snmst;igatlion EOW kaa2ngeondu~bgd'og n~,So help you God,

4, In the even%a -lv"f.bne~s(for lmtme, a pathologist) is to teatify In Gh@ aap8fifty an ax~r-bc~.tLnesaor %he ~embseaof an interlffeter are req~redfor an ij~~~~~~r~aP.:~o]n.~thb profdssi~mhk qualWieations of such &tabs@ or fr5ewprsker ~$2Be firs%asfablished by appropriate exam- .?~w.*~%onwhich should l~akad-@proof cci" %ha fizdev-V411dseducation, pertinent %r&~1S%and epr%e%aIn each sapw,fty, md i:~ttha &me of iaa3erpreters, their years of raafdema in brias and other eoymiriea, The Esupported amckm3;x z?f' an ind1vfdua to Kle @ffea%tiha% he is an expert or an iater- prwbes 2-s mr43 B~Xs~m3.n~ andd ~f MQ probatf TT~va3,aze0

5 1% 5s or&lmf@ d@s%rableto Enelude as exhibits a map or over- 1%~of %he 8C(?,Fs3 t>h@~rfm~ BQQP.~~---*~? '+'17 = adeq'11&teQ described m3,U-tary map of the w@s, .pko%ogz .,.-3 6: * + s seem of the crime s9;xpporbed by the sworn testfmny or a .bersoa naring kn0w1,~~dgeof' the n.eeas.emr fwta. * 6 Where a confession is obtained from au accused, a EZ: ~~~ucil.~ef2c1rt should be made to obtain proof of the corpus delioti. Swh pros9 should not only shm the commission of the war crime to which the accused has confessed, but 33 possible, it ehould connect the accused directly with the offeaase, 7, Attention is invited to letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United States Army, file AI: 210~6MPMGA, subject n "Investigations in Connectim with Alleged War Crimssn, dated 15 April 1945, which provides that all eonnniseioned officers msigned to duty with the War Crimes Branch of the Judge Advocate Division at this or other headquarters in this theater are, within the purview of Lwticle of Wm 114,'7d6.t;ailed to conduct such war crimes investigations as may be directed,

" 8, It is suggested that the following f om of affidavit be used by the war @rimsofficser who directs and supervises the talc* of still pictures for war crimes purposes.

being by (Name) (Rank) (Branch) (M) me duly sworn, upon his oath, deposed and stated aa foblows to witx That he has been assbed to war crimes investigative duties by duly constituted authority; that he was present a% the time and directed and supervised the taking of the photograph affixed to the reverse side hereof, which photograph is marked Exhibit-and bears his personal signature; that said photograph was taken on the -day of 194-3 at ;that it is a txe and correct reproduction of snd accurately depicts the foflcvwfng scene aa 5% appeared at said time and. place (~escribe the permn, bu.%bd$lag,or phylsioa3 fwts reproduced),

(~ignatureof War Crimes Investigator)

Subscribed and sworn to before me, the undersigned authority on this by of 194-0

-(signature of OffPicer Administering Oath)

(N-, Rank, Branch, ASN, Official Capacity) '.' 9, With respect to exposed mo'8ie fiJr-:;s it is believed both practicable aznd extrtmmly desirable that reducstion fiS e be returned to the war crimes . &fieer who aaapemisedl ad-d*eated %he aho~,ing of the scene or some other offisex who -tam pssent and fs famiPiar wfth the facts, in order that an &flbv.t may be made as to acowaay of' the scene depicted, Bquiry also re.^^ that projectors are available for this purpose, at least at Ooxps and higher 1emU, It la suggested that the follming fom of &fida8ft be ased by wm arSmss inmatigat@ officers for this purpose,

being by Qm- > (Rank,) (Brmh) (ASIT) m~ duly BWOIX~, upon Me oath, deposed and stated ae follms to wit:

Tha5he hm been aaeigned to war crimes investiga%ive duties by duly ~8m%%$aXfjed~lpxthorifq; that, in snch eapaofty, he waa proaent at the tW / and dir~tsdand supervised the t&bg of motion picture film, IIB no; ;that sdd fih T~B%&en OD tlhe Waf 194-, at g that he baa vi$w@d such motion picture film projected onz a mrSen and %ha.% it is true etna eomeo.G reproduction 02 and mcuratev depicts ths lo%loerbg seen@aa it appeared at said time aad plceee: (Ib~sasfbsthe parson, bwLld&w, or physical facts reproduced),

(~lgnatureof War Cki1pt3s kvestigator)

Subrssribad a~dsworn to before m, the undersigned authority on %b%a gay ~f 194-.,

(Slgna%ure of Officer Administering Oath)

(flame, Rank, Brmch, ASN, Official Capacity)

/a/ 6, B, Mickelwait, - - It/ Co Bo MICBELWAl!2, CoEollel, JWD Deputy Theater Judge Advocate, -= 7708 WAR CR3[MES GROUP rno.Ew4.N CoImmD

SUBJXX ,O Standard Case Analysis EJomemlatures,

1, Stauwd case analysis namelaclatures axe necessary in order that adequate addetailed infarmation may be av&la3ls for variom purposes, including the ma,kw of reports to higher authority and the maintenance of priorities in the development of oases. Those adopted are set forth in the attached Chart A, 'Standard Case Analpis Nomenclatures," 2, Gate~orieaof Information: Five general categories ham bem sePeeted aa follows: Proof--Degree of Completion Victim Categories I ETationality of Viotims Accused Custody Statw OfYense Classiffcatfom

Emh general category is further subdivided into 6etall{?d oatcgories aa hdAeatad in the attached Chart A,

3, UE of Standard Gme Andyeis Nomenclatures bg Vmfm Wlanehes. These st-d nomsmS8tures will be utilized by all branches, Reoorda rela-bive to trial status of cases, and &pprova2, con- - flrma-bim, and execution of sentames, eto,, ~211be mafntained by the Post TrSd Branch in aeeordance with i~tr-uctionsout- sf de thfs SOP,

,Is/' C. E, Straight /t/' C, E, STRAICrar CoLowl, JAGD Deputy Judge Advocate for Wax Crimes $. bas Ch& A -----CEART -A STABDARD CASE ANALPSIB NCMEIVCUlWXfB

1, Proof-agrees of Complstimr U: List ccmpleted, cam ready for trial a~ahetall accused. U-a IC case@referred for trial, being tried, or trial ccmpleted. El. List case, ready for trial aa to one or more, but not all, wewed; T,la L-3. cases referred for trial, being tried, or trial completed, L-2 List QaSe capable cYf being placed In LC category, L-3 Liet 0-8 capable of be- placed qtxickly in L-1 category. %=a4 Other list cues, lie,, which frcnn the information on hand deselose the oomrmlssfan actr war cr~a, SR Spssfal Refereme, a owe where (1) It is not olear that a war er- hem been ommitted, ar (2) no additional frawstlgatiorr is nav wwraated, auad (3) the file la kapt alive in aticiipation of recslvtng further evidenoe. XF-IL Index and Fib oms in whioh no further inmstlgatian of the atrooity, in801v3ag mly other nationale, is ooa.temg;lated-- a oopy having been f~.shsdthe btereated gove~~ta,' IF-2 Inbz an8 Fils ewe involving an hriuau victim in an fnoidenB of such miaxor importme as to make further wtim a% my time mwamanted, IT-3 Ckoaed admAn2strati~~l.ybecause case is ua9ouaded. ZB"-4 Closed admbl~tra%9prely because of illetaff ioient evideme. IF-5 Closed a&n%n$stra%9~ely beeawe meused we dead, 2, -- Victim Ca%eg~xfes : -1 AviatClPS V-2 Paratroopers -3 Mellfed. personnel v-4 mus 8-5 Other mflftaq personnel V-6 Politfcag prieoaers TT-'j' Forced letbmere 8-8 J~B IT-9 aher e.ivfUaa~l '8-10 Jrmatea of oontrentratfon csaps 8-11 &mates of murder factories V-3.2 Hostwea

m United states MBu Amtralia NAIS kimtxf a RB Britfeh me Belgimn lrEBu l3ulgarier C&rndet Chisla Gzeehoslovakia Desk fiance Greece HW~Y Italy J~xoslavia Luscenibourg Lith~ia ITeGherlmds Romay Mev Zed.and Poland Rmsfa Sonth Mri~a u-0-m

4, kcwed.Gwk&9:Statw:

A-l A11 m&ssd in euatody. A-2 A% %east one, bat not all, accused in custody. Ac-,3 Bono of meused in custodys [The a.&er of weused involved in each case will be shown by placing the appropriate figure in parentheses foll&ng the m~usrsdouetody status symbol, e,g,, A-3 (14) ).

Mw&era Murder GI?womd8d, wmo Tortwe, Aasau1-h resulting in great bodily ham. A~slaul..~ resulting in bodily haY?n, &saultt. S%er%lfzation, Enth~ia, Guinea pig exprimenis. Rape md sadistic treatment, Mistraatment . Forafng to work on military defenses. Forcing to work on other operations directly related to wax. Torefng to work under fire. Wtlseatment of dead, F&%ng 0s. anibulances. A%%w.khgor bombarding ho~pitals. Approprfat%cmof' Red Cross packwea. Using ambulances to carry troops or ammunition, 155 0-21 Conee.n%xation sap, insluding all offenses. 0-22 Misuse of Red Cross flag or smblem, 0-2h Arsaa, 0-25 pi1-e lootb%, 0-26 Death marches. 0-27 Dmxlal & due process; 0-28 Orders not to pro%eet aviators. 0-29 Orders not to protect other PWls. 0-30 Orders not to %&e PWq~. 0-31 Orbrs to kill aviators, 0-32 Orders to kin other PWqs 0-33 Other illegal orders, 0-3 ~efd&l,,ofquarter; 0-33 Firing oh undefended ]Localities. (2-36 ~onibardlqpridleged buildings other than hospitals. 0-37 FirZlag on flag of truce, 8-38 Abuse of f CXC truce, 0-39 Making UBQ of poisoned and'6$K0rwise.. ~81a forbidden arm and ~.B.ti~, 0-40 'Ereachorow reqmst for quarter, Q-41 Improper use of privileged buildings far militaqy purposes, 042 11%-trea-&;mmtof' inhabitants in occapied territory; Q43 Rsid or raflfgfm persecution, , 0-kh Destmetioa sf' churches, 0-45 113egaX rsprisde . -m= 7708 WAR CRIMES GROUP EuROPEAm CQMMAmD sol? NO0 7, 15 May 1947 ShTB6Em: Establishment and Maintenance of Priorities in the Development of Cases.

1, Attention is inPited to the following:

SOP no. 8, subject: n~tan~dCase ~naly~is ETomne%atmes0 9'

b, SOP Ho, 9, subject: "General Policies and Practices re War Crims Trials,"

e, Letter, thilg headquarters, subject: "Caees to be ~sisd,*'l4 May 19k7, asad possible letters superseding or modifying B-0

,2, Reference is made to the letter, file SPJGI 151-5, to this Group, subjeet x "Scree-rling War Crimes Questionnaires, " 12 October 1945, by tho War Crimes Office, The Judge Advocate Generalos Of'fice, in which i% waa requcssted in effect that requests for interrogations . ,.:b.%vci GO minor ~1applng'; k9atings9 laek of medical care, general qx~q&%ef mtaq a- conditiom, poor food and bowing and other less ser%owoffemss, be not sent to the War Crimes Office, and that requests far fntexr~a~~~mbe Ximited ta the more serious of%enses, such as the afbemas wiLhh O%f\gnseCPassif icationa 0-1 to 0-6, inclusive, set forth in pwagraph 5 of Chart A attmhsd to SOP No. 6. 3, It 1s %he pxssent policy of th2s Group to develop for trial QB& (a) cases h-uo%vfngkwrican nationals as victims, and (b) masis afr~cffgaaase, 2,s,, murder faetoxy adconeentratbon cap cases - o~~ttcsdwit% -t US 2~mesof Oscupa-bfon in Gemnany and Awtria or mew om mil^ hgr Amriaan Armed Forces, Moreover, in view of the ~n.amrguenumbe~"L2 %he more heinow ewes involving American nationals a~ ~3~t2.m~i%is not deemed advisable to develop simple aflaault cams, Wf'ame Classiffeation 0-7, adother -or war crimes at this time, Co~ad3equentQ~mms atrocity cases committed outside US Zonea of 0aar;lpatfi-m vi~522 n.o% be developed. The reports of war crimsa con- tempSa%sdby Cfre,ular 132, Headqu&srs, US Forces, European Theater, 2 Oatcobex %9&5,=d all evidence which may come into possession of this Group ~31%be forwarded to the nations eonce~ledas is provided ln SOP lo, 5, 4, lh order that certain cases i~~~olvingAmerican nationah as V%~%imnaay be g4mn appropriate early attention, the priorities here- ia after set f"or%hin thfs paragraph be hereby established and will be 91afat&md by thfs Group until. further notice: Priority I1

LC, L-1, 2 v-lP 29 3, 4, 5 NA A-1, 2 0-1, 20 3, 4, (5

5, The Investigation Seetian will forward a copy uf e51 review of ame file folders and case aaalyses to the Appehensicm Section. 6 It is necessary that the Apprehension Section be supplied with eesential pertinent informaticar for general apprehenaion and - de~ten%impurposes, aa we11 aa for aasigmnts conue- extraditions fxam other governments or the initiation of special apprehmwion or b-jpc%sfalbody movement aictians. Themfore, in adation to other matters covered in such reviews and analyses in accordance with present procedures there will be set forth the folLowlng tn a spcial paragraph near the end of: ,

1) The name of each suspect or witness on whom Wanted RepoAa should be filed, indicating the exhibits and pages thereof where the best avalable do%aLleddescription of the wanted person 9s to be found; Them TKLUalso be indicated-with regard to each ~hetherhe is bttxhmd, md if so, the asrme and address uf the bstallatf on and, if' tn Gemor Austria, the map co&&inates of %Ls laatfan,, if in the T3S Zone of Occapatian in Germany, or th@ of %he Zm8, If Poeated in -%ria or in other Zones in - Gmmany, The address & those, not In detention will be stated with Ub pdi~!@~~i$y,Wfth respect to witnesses, an affirmative state- m~*will Be made = to whether each fs friendly or unfriendly. See pma@s;ph 2c, SOP Mo, 10, whlah &fines friendly witnesses,

(2) nnuad instances where special appehension or body mb~anen-t:~~axe necessary, requests therefor will be stated with p&f eamity;

(1) The information required in subpar&graph a(1) ,above, a~ to saeh accused and witness,

2 The special appreheneion or body movement actions bslrerd, and, ifnone is desired to any or all. of the euspects and witneeese, an &finnative statement to that effect will be made,

158 . SOP mo, 7,

(3) The conclusions, if any, to the effect that named seeg,pcts are to be tried or that neunsd witnesses will not be used jx Ghe trial of the cwe,

(4) It is emphasized that the special paragraph hereby required to be, included in a case analysis is of no interest to members of ccmrts, or prosecution and defense staffs, Conseq~ently, %he Chief of the Evidence Branch in compliance with paragraph 5, above, well forward to tSze Apprehension Section a copx of the final. rough draft ~f'case amlgses, indfcatlng by his signatnre thereon that it is approved for reproduction, The special paragraph in sueh final rough drafts ssttLx f"or%hWanted Report informa%ionwill be eliminated in reproducing %he a- far use in referring the eases for trial.,

ye ReZarence is made to paragraph 5, SOP Ho, 4, In all i=tmoes where the hvestfgation Sectiw or Chief of the Evidence Branch initfate a ohwe in the classif'ica%ion of a cme file folder tr. PI 3, 4 or 3$ there will be set forth, in a special paragraph mar the end thereof, Momtian relative to the suspects and witnesses involved therein with partfcaz%mity sM1ar to that required by subparagraph 6a(l), above, for &hebenefit of' the Apprehension Section in keep- its records amen% as to ~i932taed swpeats and witnesses.

8, Reference is also made to the second and third sentewes of paragraph 1%,,Circular No, 132, Headquarters, US Porcea, European Theat~~r,2 October 1945, Notwithstanding inatrumc.tio~mcontained in %ha+; ox in other dfrectfves, all provieiw requiring that the sworn teat%mny of %3%fiesseabe obtained in questfan and answer form, m ~o~.trmtsdwith mwrati~ef om3 me hereby rsscitnded,

- c -# ,mtrsig. ?

, C , E, SJ-IWIGL'- Colonel, JAGD Deputy Judge Adsroc ate for War Crimes SENTENCES OF ACCUSED PS ADJUDGED BY COURT

DEATH LIFE 26-50 11-25 6-10 5 YEARS ACQUITED YEARS YEARS YEARS OR LESS

APPENDIX XVIII HEmwmERs U.S, FORCES, EUROgEAW T=m @I~.,in)APO 757 25 Awust 1943

TO ,o Cmdfng Generals x E8~tez-nMilftary District Western Military District

1, &n,@raia a, Au%horit_yto Appoint, You are hereby authorized to appoint military aomtclstsfas for the trial of persons subject to the Juriediotian of such camm3..ssiom who me charged with violatiom of the law8 or custom of war? of" the baas of mt%ons, or of the laws of occupied territory or any pa% the~bof~YOU are not authorized to redelegate such appozbting powers.

" b, Cases to be Tried, As matter of policy no case shall be referred %a %ridbefore a mfl1taz-y oommissicuz axcept when directed by this hedqu-ars, AppBica%isns for a.,&.".l~rftyto proceed with such trials ~$11be fommded to the bpu%y%hea.%er ~Tud&e Advocate, War Crimes 3BTmoh0 %~RYhea~~ers,APO 757,

a, CD~OSI~~~~,,Milf5ar!- :ximi~sior~shall be conposed of not Less %hazt%?ree eamissianed ofgfcera of the United States Arg, There shall dkso b@ appoint3d a trfal Judge advocate and defense cowel.

d, Cor~vfetfmor S@ntlg~c@~The concurreace of at least two- thfsds 0% t'hd mmbera of the aorrrr$ssfon present at the time of voting sWl be naaesearr for the aonvioticm md for the sentence.

so ADDFBTEL~of Sentem@, NO senterne of a military comDnissian md8x She in a, appo3ntecl anth~rityo%tsd sub-paragraph above, shall be- em3ed fn%oex@~tZt.9muntil the same shall have been approved by the officer appoin,%t;fngthe omm mission or by %he officer eommaading for the tW ba-ing, f", u- of" Dea$&Jentenc~, No sentence of death shall be emfed %.bo exmution mtf l. it shall have been confirmed by the Tkea%sr Comnaader or hts desfgnee,

2, -Ru2es of Prsesdpxre, Military comnissi ons shall have power to make, oeamion requires, such rubes for the conduct of their pro- oee&,ngs, a0~3;z~?:+~.t-%ththe powers of such comuissions, & with the rules ~f prm@dmeherein set forkh, as are deemed necessary for a full and fair %rS& of the mc91asd, having regard for, withou% being bound b$, the mles of prmedurs, and evideme preacsibed for general courts- z~art9a.l.~The prsv-isf om of Sectf on TIP, paragraph 38-47, War Department I34 2705~subJee%s "Mil3tary Govemnt Civil Affairsn, dated 22 heember 1943, are desf gned aa a general guide in this field and will be followed except amended by this letter or other imtructions of this headgmrberB. 3, Evidence Such evidmce shall be admitte$; before a military oomnission as, in the opinian of the president of the cam- mission, haa probative value to a remanable man, 4, Chax~esand Speofficatias, Formal chaxge qc,investigation a8 ooaatmplat~din Article of War 70 are not mcessa.r$ih proceedings before military cormnissiom, although War Department, ~djutantGeneral's Wff oce Form Rumber 115, my be used a8 a charge sheet, The obaxge should designate the offerne by its legal rmm or describe it in term af fnt~mational,law, preferably without reference to an Article of War, The speoflication should set forth the details of the act charged with adfiefen% definlteneas to show the jurisdiction of the coWssion and the atatw of" the amed, The aceused shall be furnished with a copy of the charges and spee9ficstiom; Although no oath is necessm, the charge should be signed by a person subject to military law, At mrae stage prior-to %he trial, the charge should be investigated s~f'feimtlyto enable the appointing authority to determine that the ~ffenaemerits trid. by mflitary owmission; Before directing the trial of any ~harge,the appointing anthority will refer the case to his staf'f judge dvoeate for eonsfbration and adviee,

5, m.Menbers of the militmy c~ssionmay be e,hd,l@ngedby the amwed or the trial judge advocate for cause stated to the ed, Paremptory cIhaSPenges shall not be allowed,

6, -OOath' Ma.kBw such changes as are neeeasaxy, the appropriate 08th eon%sfned 5n Artisle c9 'IIm 19 shall be adainistered to, members of tihe a om mission aa w@LL .m to the ~osecxbionand to others conueoted with the trial., UPwi-h;nesses will be sworn,

7, PBem30 General and special@p~.laof the accused should be heard and passed upon by the c~ss~oh~~~order to insure a fair and imparbid %rial,

8, Fees and A%lm~es,Fees and allcrwamse for witnesses, coart reporters and interpr@%ers Mlbl be set as provided in kmqy Regulation 35-4120, dated 30 dulg 1943, as ehamged, or as may be published in futme instructions frcrm tMs headquarters.

9, Intterpreter for At;c~lse&, The accused shall have the right to have the proeeedtngs of the c~~saioninterpreted into his own language if he 80 desires,

XO, Records rf" T"rT%10 a, Preparration, Cammissions shall bep a record ofk=r praee6ra3~s3,~onf'omlngas nearly as pra&icable to that prescribed .for general oW-w%fal., Court reporters may be detailed for this purpose, If far any cogen%reason ft is inexpedient to make a vePbatim record of the proeeedlngs by stenographer or in longhand, the record shall be prepared fn form prescribed for special courts-martial. I ,

. > ) 5 * .* ps.&~~ia ~hh bas* ti ~ei~i+tlj B* d iii :t~)it- " QB~8iritw6isae' tw6 thb 'ijaiktm&# mathcrritkI , pro~r* Sm&&t$, '- :

tM twM.@m@~m&i~tgbd' b$ %ha~&bBid&~ id-,, . *; / 1

+ -, be ~ B af%icm;w Thb resord 09 trial wiL1 ba prepred, ad aathiatf&at@& fn btlglhats mil fommrd~B,togethass w3th #i$leat - , , . -pap@re,wlu- az~arfginal a88 elgnibd sopg at th of $%@f ' c 'rtW,m judge aB~06atco~to the DpS@y Theate .Judge . War CrWa- l!hxmh, %hiash~mrbere,APQ 757@ . , b3ao t&!a~%m@~ar; (Iene~aS., 8ubjwt to Ptm%$a%fawiq?&Mbr .$Meth@&&@r~'~ (8&~89- &,$we- tm "*-aho ~t reams to fn psragre* b5, War ~kparhm~Xbf .2709, * oWa;j;%lru;tCQ-. and CiTPl &f'aiSBBjdctbb 22 ~~ @~&B%Q&~cIday lib &doti By, btx%=a n$' l%9pf%ebts, the pmd%i@e: . ~B*Q~o~$zB~by %b fm C&B-Z&~ %he m t& tm Wtd' . . = %%a%a~,aC& t* fwi%q ~hi~b;$h abfwe edt%@dar %he* , \ %r2ae%.%ar h@hio ," .I . , I . . c b P~@B& a&-%@ P~@B& o&W~% Hu H-. d.@e%gna%bldby %&e rbpgo%8%- a@ho~ft~ets fa %he caw of grSecumrs ', een%-sl(: $9 hprfsaimmxb .bg; P~%ey*go-% oourt*. ' . * . - -- j . 12. -Refitme a, && rsOor& eb' %ridbj lilft& ods&a wkfi - 'bas k&@rnQ39 -%he appa-~%ing-d&fiw%~~B~Bife etcmjvaage erdppmiib f.-QlF , , . - - - mvlm b&w@ ~QJ=%a BBmOgd,,

I > __(- * befhmjkegaposti ci~tr2a in.&a~~a b4%h&mGike 26 *+, , 3.f am&i&s%mws'$e'erpyk~adl aaWicbb By a33109xkO~e)@b$@~,,-. -. - ' - - be fam=&& %o %he Ik~l?gtyThdtmr Jud@ Mtfms%@,Wat @rW& Brawb, \ %~%~~&~a.d.q~arc~77Tg f~ maiw br %h~Tbsa6ar Judge Bd~oe&e - -, or MB d.6p~ntlygad ti^etlbt kjrpprropriata F& ia~t&a@ - e&llsPlfng au%bari%gfm mt2mo

130 &%fenTT- &~&-i~a Mter CdWt%m, Tha -%%a%- b,y %he$ e d h au%hoFftgup& ~m$@m@blrequlrlZ8g odm%i* e$B, ed Co th~sppo%Bt3.ngauthsrf%,y,who rill isliaa spacaista ar&a -

$m eww %he rmwd QF tfd PaiU be r ~ %e ad.~ ofEiced - of %ha &@,y %heaterdadgcb. ~~a%*.-. - - K upe hb~aiti~.2ri~ be in 0- @A3exmgt BM e@oat2tgD pit'o%@s%fma D? osP%mbcleeejog &4@r smef@~ratiebaemdrs $&%a - ~d~!,a&ls.hll ptiblloity 147 be gl* to trgsl ipwmdb@i a4 . - ~gw&iaof bath ~en%~w.p,-0 ma~ibitBk%U be submf$bd %o pJr8aa. . C a~8z~hlp%Eg %h@ amwl wa,y and srPU ?M eubdeet mu to norma2 pee , a@ odww~Mgrw%r%a%%cmto pro%-%amte-Ut@Ug-e mgdzat%~- /. w%alcde

' U, ~tfgsbtia,~a.lee'fma~&, me pmmr to m&r %bevm%i~%-&'= - 1 -, EL qrn%@im~~OF %O ectnflrm a dsgrth s@mws, af ar military ecm&ss'em

I , . :.. .. . ;. . . - .: ...... -. , . - ,. : - ...... 165 -.: , , . .. -, :1 . , . ; ,' - I:-. . - .. .. -. . I . --, . .,. . . . " ...... , . .. - .. . . :. . . . I.. . .' . . . . \ .' ,. . : 1,: , . . L in~I.ud@flthe power to Usapprove or v~atein whole, ox %a pa%, aq finding of guilty, and to mftfgate, remrft, approve and commute, swpena or to remand for furbhar proceedings or for rehewing bafwra a new nrflitary eonrmfsaion,

16, o r a. The appoi&f~&authority will advise the Bputy Theat~rJudge A&vocatte8War Cs'hes Branch) hi^ headquarters, APO 737b by TNX of the result of @ah trial by mflitaq cominission bm~dfately upon amm-an~ernentof Ilndirgs and sentenace,

be Rep~~sof' exsc.,utioa of all death ~mtencasinposed by rGB%Plarxr:dnafona 1511 be meLo the Deputy Theahr Judge Advocate,

Lo Ei9%r9_bGfoa of Orders ~omlllaa3fIW Se-* 2he 8$strfbu%fon Us.P,eilta%owv%P%be Pmludted for all orders prom&a%ing sentezaes of r~Lltaqc&~aioru 2

a, Thee sepies to The Adju%mt C%n@r&, bdmhi@oaa 25z DOC, be TVQ aopiles %s The Judge Ad~osa&ajGeneral, Washington 25, DiC, G, One eDpy Go tho AQlute~2tGsmerd., U,S, FO~CBB,Ewopem Zhsa$.?ar, UQ7'57, d., Three oepd'.es Lo "c%lsTheater Judge Ads~oc~%e~ABO 757. a, PJO~opie~~%o The Basistaut Judge &IVOCB~Q&wrd ~ththe Jsxltrrd Sta",ux Forass, lE$nspa~Theatar, APO 887+ i. Three copier. to %he bpnti Theater Judge Advocate, War Cram &an3ka, A20 757,

18, U direatlm~and fastmotfm of th98 and subordina-bs head- qdare &pelat@ to mSlitary cormn$saio;arj are hereby superseded to -tihe ex?,dn%%~az:g3mi~t9~t;55% this letter,

33. F l!xEmwm CoLoneL, AGD Acting AdJutmt Gener&l DlSI!X?=9M :: 5 - Each Ad&essae g - G-a. 5 - 6-5 5 - JA (Rear) 5 - at' (bja) 5 - atp JA [WCB) 1 - AG Mil Pers %-AGOpX! 1 - AG Reaords for

TRIAL OF WAR CR- AND RXMED CASES For Lba sake of' brevity, the Table of CO&~?*~-nd Foreword, C,ho Battear sonkabing hformatfon m to ehzmger n~sds,.;id +he mehanle~of ~ub~~titEPtrfonof pages and*servi&?g tile "s'risl Wual, have n.o% been f~xludedin this exbract,

( P 1 ~of the Trial Meuzual hwrs not been IncLuded in thfa bgsrk,.raet,) Prn I1 PO- AND PROCEIJUFB

SEC General Diraatives. 201 --c,-.,--..--

Reiese-~~.oi%j.~jid~.t23tr2: (a) mli%a;ryGove~n_tRegu1.a~~ tiom, Ti6ule ;?, Legal. and Penal Administration, (b) Let- ter- ef %is Z\a&qtl$rtar~, fiPa AG OQG.3 WCE-JAG, eubjeat, '9,'riaJ of War Crime8 CWBB"~ dated 14 Oetober 1946, qnoted a% Zif9ngk1.h. a-Par% I, supra,

MGR =. BEliLary Cse~exrnentiRegul.a%iom, Title 5, Legal. and Pen&!. ~~aP;ra%imO L - ht.tsr of %his E@adqwters,file AG OQO.5 WB-JAG, sul?Jec%:.,'$r%aX DF War Crims Casesv', dated 14 October 1946,

The r~fergm::m fin Arabic numerals refer to the numbered paragrap& 02' the eitatfon,

SEC a?arsmr&%cf f;%mCourt, 210 ------&nerd Mi3_5$wy Government Courts and Zztarwdia-be Mile- %mytk3~er=r.%Ccmr-bs shall coaa63is%respeetf veLy of not P~SEI :FS*W (5) rnders not less than tkee (3) rnabcrs, =d, in adLitdon, personnel of the pros@ou%ioz and d(~~fe.me(~~~6d.l. The senior member of' &he @our%pres- em-b ak eah kr9'a.l will be the president and presid3ng officer af %be GO& (l;,6ds MGR 5-301~2)~The menhers ef the soq& are sse3;Pled meardLng to rank dtemtely to the right. lei?%of the praside~t,except %hat ardjlnarf ly the 1a.w mmfxar #haqdd b@ seated on the fnakciiata left of" the prcsfd@~b,

If after %he trial hm bepa new member 1s appoinkd or a mn%@r,on a~o-m.%af m~voihbleabsence during a trial misaas par% %he prooeedtngs, the prssf dent w5ll came ew;'? ~qar~3erto read %he rea~rduf the prmeectkgs had prlc~:,,a his baing eeated or during abse.ng:e, aa the ems my be QL ~5 - b%emmr deemed neesasazy, a. ~i%i%aq G0~3a%l.b%%Q~wtmy, on its am motfan of the request of SEC 2x0

the amused, appoint an 3mpartial adviser to e~ssistthe eoWrt; %na pa?Aietn;har erne In checking the intlerpreter or giving test.3m.eny or mitten opfnioas as an experk on &rman law, local customs, business prwlices, or tech- nic& matters. Such an advfsar ma;y be invited to sit with the cow% but will not participate in %he courtQs deliberations or in its decisions, He shall be pad pursrmt to EaGR 5-308. (GR 5-353.2). The interpreter %~i$3be ew@fdLyseleotad wlth a view to his language qw,lSfiaaticm~and reUabil%%y. -7f11 be imtr~ctad $3 %rm.slatedfreetly and in tk say 3rao-n everything C,b~:6 $M add, subjet:l to the dir~,.~,dof Vne O O ~ .He krill BCL?Le oerm%ttedto engags ia colloquy on his om C~P tc eonduck $he proossdings h my respect. State- m-exbs, qudati~ne,and answers should be addressed by dl pmties me~'cly t,o the court and by the court to the person coaem~dmd no% to the interpreter, QMGR 5-353.3).

%ha ws~ior member of t91e court, present a% the %rid.w.'i.lL be %hi?prssldent euad presf ding offioer of %he G U [L,6&).~ (All. those presea-b in the comtroom stand -a%ll%he camt is seated. The accused and the persoamel uf' the poescutisn defense rfae and remain standing ullt~+,iBthe ehaios of 0me1has been anaomced.) Any member of the ao- my sign the record (MGB 5-908). The prw>tice in c-mtfndntd oomLries is for %he pesid3~ Judge $0 condwt %he examination of the mewed and wit- nssses and general-& to %&@ a leading pax% in the pro- 3 However, tkts should be done in these trial8 on$ when i"rgppms that %heprosecutor, defense cowel, gr the afieqmed are no% IamS%fxr wt%hocmmtora la procedures, 321 such emnt the preefd3ng judge ~3hod.d conduct the pro- oaadizigs to %he m%en%mcessmy to protect the Jlntsrests r3S %he amused and to bring out &I.%.the facts resla%ingto the f asue bei% %ried (ER 5-35k.2) O-Uner%hS.se, the pessaLta%fanof the e;~5d-mmwtll be conducted by the prsaseu%Sca and defame counsel;

Because the practice of pleading to a charge is sxvf&bSm to the ~ftfzensof oatWntal ~0~31trIe~and 2s BO% known in contlmmtzil. practice, the fi.kr3rrogaktisn SEC 220

of the accused by the court at the time of pleading is discretionary, For the pwpose Qf obtaining fro91 td~e accused suff iefent information to determine wh~therhe has the intention of admitting the elements of the charge or denying i.t, the court will arrange to be provf ded with a

dossic~~c3f the case against the accused, prior to the trial, such dossier to c011taAn a smyof all documentary evidence and testimony of the prosecutor "a witwsses, This dossier will be studied by the court priar to its examineL- tion of the acused. 1% will. be used as a Sasiii far such examination but not regarded aa proof of the statemnte it contains which wf1.P have to be c.st%blished in evfdeme in the usual way If the aecused appears w.T.~*-=-50 plead mlty or not gu41.+y, the court will enter a plea oz the basis of the accused$%statemnts made during the fnkmo- gatfoaz, providing, that EL piea of gxxSSt1ywill only be entered if the ~GBUEIB~8xpreasl.y admits each and evrrtv element of the offense, G-therwise, a plea of not guilty will be entered, The ~cwedfsstatements made upon the, interrogation will form put cvf" the reeord, adWhing he says may be used as evfdenze for or againat b-, If the ease is eomplioated, the interrogation will enable the eowt to appreciate the issues involved md assist in determining what evf dence will be relevantt arad what witnesses or documentmy evidence should be prmwred for the trial, (MGR 5-354.3)

c. s.egroggt&oe-by gog?g ~n-wa;r-c~Q8~ta:&hz&s,

It should be ncted $hat the suggs~tJf0x.win MGE? concerning %he questioning of the a~cussdby %he oourb prtmarfly rolate to ordinary eases in which the cow% la sitting in a ea-paeity sfmfkear to that of a codttJing magistrate aa coatrmted with war crimes trials ia which adequate prosecutfm and defeme 'cmel ma present,

Aqy qudiff ed off5.oer, enlisted or cfvf lian lawyer may serve as prosecutor,

The prosecutor should (a) familiarize himsU with the orders and directives provSldimg d"o~the trial of way. criminer3El and should espeeiaJlly be f &liar with the regulations eited in SesLf oa 201; (b] serve a copy orP the chwge sheet upon the moused, complete the "record of advise defense coumel of such samica, md Tilo the original charge sheet in the cja-igi~alrecord of tri,d ada duplicate copy in the fo-ur duplfcate eopiss of" the record; (c) ~EIe~n.incident of tibe ser~ice~of charges3 cams the accused to be re-finger- prfn%od adrs-pho%cgrap%ned in dup2.ieatda by me 36" awra~k; WCG Form No, 38, adassure tha%one copy of au~hGOD- pL@'[email protected]. 98 ~D%X'Q~UC~~= = @Xhib%tOOW the O?I%S& aP tho triabl. and. pkod in %he ~r%glml copy of the aesacjrd and that t,h.$da;pp%fc~tecopy of 8ueh %omis placed. in the ~~~~used~s War Crlmw Er~%osme20%.fils, vhish %f leis rnove~w3 %h eon~5cs.tsdmcwsd fo War CrimJrsa1 Prjsons; {d) amazgp wf%h t9ae mewed aaad Hedefease r cr~welfor $216 st f - :It3kSp."icanof pertinea-b m%%erswh10h the accused &pee not a;l.sh to omtsa-k; (0)mrmge with the praaSld5&g ~rgPbfem of %he QOUTL for the date of' %rf inE, WW=@Y?L~ ~0 w%~L*;~oIz~~p1~3dd0 %he~ d ~ ~%&%f@ ar.8~~~S ~ ~ ~ smasqga %I.;xthe aacsssmy reparP.8~~ xdd Enkeqreter~to be, ~ras~~~i;,and r~utf.Fy-5216 cthm ~omtet&f, ad 2;."L33a5sas sc?tli.8~?~%b15&%%a of trial; (f) assure %ha% ?ke ?,-itrsJr,sh~c3i~a~n dos8i~rof %he case wains%%he ~~'.-cus&d,sL1oh ~ass38rti0 e3azt;a.b a emmary of axanr~.

Z@E%WYEC.& %jf! 6~~5dm(:6 & s~l.my '7 2 'A $!- - 33&y %D be g3~9a~by k%L@~%%FAQL~s~Bf0Z' the ~X'OS:~~U"~~OSZ~ cg: p;baca bs$:ae :a& mnbex 0% BOZ%~~~%or h28 use d:misg the -Grid, a ospy of %he ~?lmg@sad ~LE@u%~s czB.'lir-:ag thc ~ffs~saa f'sr whAoh the a~sslssdis being tr%~-.d)(h) s~p~~~Lsc3prepw;ra.tfm of %he record of k~fal [L, &;; (2) mange for %ramport%lng-the a~cus0dwith K'3G5BSS~amdl mud %h~%&=~ZL@BS@S %h6 tP1d.j (J) azzsrige ihr saffieiex5 m9Lftary guar& *Q kaep order; (kj mak9 as~~ain%ha.% the requisit3 meBs am3 b%llo%ing fziXt%eeare a~aiXab2.+; (Lj as~ur6%ha% defeme ~0m8el kw ~QBQfmi shad %?it& the proper fcmn for PatfLlcm of 23~99~;(2) a3Hse the eopbrt as to the Mar Criminal FY~- SOE. :n vhfch %he ~,m=rlctedwowed abtd.d be confine&; mO I(E] the rLeeeaaary cormeZtmen% So %he Fds Crfnainal Erfaon deai-:rjbed in $,&Ger, Esadgwtar~,U&hsd States Foresa, Bmopsm Thsahr, f %bAG 383 JAG-AGO, sub$~e%~ [email protected]::~ eb Frisrns :or War Criml~~aEs,~~dated 26

Fabm~myl9&'7, v.siw Legd Born No, 5 [MGR 5-905) a

Aqy Xaxy~r not debarred from appaxfzg by the 2dilitm-y kvem~~BBmay appea m defense eomsel,

Witkin p-~-perlixits, the eo- may with the ccn.~~?.t0% the afi~medd88igmte ~ounsel.mimed by the 170 acxwed to represen% him in addition to msigned defense eom&@2,if $he nature of the case makes ft desirable, When German defense come1 is a.ppoin"bsd by the ecsur-b, the oowt will authorize the h%sgerfeht to pay such defense counsel in the same mmr and wde~the same aondf-bions aa provided far papnt of i8c,fe.:s? eopzn~elappointed by Gemcourts,

SEC ---=-=---,---Pmess of the Court, 25G -.'---Ganexak, A &n@r& blili+Jw~GOvemnt Cow3 may in- 2:~~-my ~aeta3.eenkenecs iaa~alagdeath &M% 5-300~5)~ _8.i k%@mdgat@Mf%it93;ry Goveme~tCowt mBJ .impose any la'udnl se~%enccsexaspt death, impriw~aamrsntin ex- esss of tan (lQ)-yems or fiaa in excess of b08,QQO Raiohamarka (hl~~300.61. Pines will not nonm24.y be impolssd in war e-r-s emes,

A H~IlLt~wyGov~me~t Court ahall ham power 'bo amon m a wi%m~smy person except a child under lb years ~f age, io which erne it may swmmoaa the parents or guardfa to bring the child to &Semi aa s xltn@ss, execsp%a mmbsr a;$ the US Forces or_ aemfas pers~~al of om 9% the United Met%iomg in whioh erne the attend- @+x;a:~-&~ur,hwl%mss.will be obtained by a raquest made to the c;ir-bibng offiesr of euch person to order his attendance (GR 5-3Q301>. - &g persm whom the ~OLXK%mqy summoc as a witness mar b@ ordsred tc. bbp?"~kith hfm dooltrmeazt or artiele in his possessfon or uzader his eoxatrsl which has a bear- on the iss-iaes of the aase (MGB 5-303~2).

Whenever the @our%has reason to baliam %ha% a ai-kneaer may be ~ntimida-bedor become wa-railable at the %rial, it may dire& that he be detained as a m- tgisld W%~~SBQMGB 5-30363].

The GO?& shall have power to order trial in aaruera, if 9% is necssss;ry %D prevent aqy pnjudiee tn the security of the US Forces or for some &her @xcB~=~ tiow rewon (MGR 32~~6).

The follo%sibngmlbes shall govern the %mposftion of sentenoas: (1)) A M5Litary Govbrzrment Cod shall amo1ms its findings on eac:h charge before ft and shall pronounce one ser,tnnelrt in respeet to all. th3 chmgea upon which %he wcwad is fomd guiltj, .

2 Emry emt+mcs of imprism8nt shall state Ghs .bts of' ~omea?e.mwtthereof, xhfsh, if the accused wm pra~~fously in gwl;~Q, rs?lrb91.1, or&iwiQmake allow- mica $or the period of emtg;&~.,

A ba%Bftaq Ga~am@n'r,Court shd.2 ham the pcves Lo h~%d%zr eox!~ompi; ELIT pepsm, 1,nc:EsxdAng %ha .%l$.&%~d, counse!$, vftne;sscsa, officids, or spe~tatore, Y~Q.sfend the dign.fty ~fthe eoqmt, b wg manner, ix d.~.sregard9its DY~@YEI Such aofzt~mpkmay be pun- Ish.ed by PSra?, im~ds~mbixt, or other approprlats 9,-~x~iatrn~~i~E~~1s ccrxe~ais- fts pmers to -p~~%sh 4 ec~.-L:smg%~a MS%I,LB~~om~mumer~t~ Cowb s&as,lP2~3~32. 1'32crd ~flh%~h 8hzLX be -bxmsa%kddadr6vPewed m in the ease of my c!+iher B~%~~~IGB(NGR 3-33]

E t1hea@nbers of %he court agree, ebaE WterLocutory guds-b$fim mfsf-ng dm3~Ghs %rialmay be decided by the pr(cusilderr3 slxbjee-l; %a Ob~@fi%90~,by any mbsr of Ghe %~mk. Ua"Lees %ha court has agreed tbC, all falaPPoeu- :~y~~~s'cirnrs:mfslrrg dm- the trial may be dseided by +he prssi&entJ, subgeel to the eibjecfion by awmmber i:f i:f f ;~3r~wtpthe f kc~,dfne;a of the o3m% on all Inter- Le~t.u%c,ryq~1ds~30risand Qf,a &% 0t13i.erque.stiora mi sfag ihrnf~z%he -hriab%reguirL~4the iieciei~nof %.he aamt %%LB be dotsm9-&d by a mr$~rftyvot,a of dl the memb@r~"~ prssdnt 9t the tima thq V C 3s~ taken,, Xt.~sna %he-?rote )- 9s e~c1aLydA~I&edths pxesfd@~-k<:%tats a second vote. 'Tc.%'Jlng is %ha inmrsa order of rank, %hapresiden% ~cb%??lp3.8f . IT, in eampsut%-zthe rimer of srotas re- .,c?~L-...., - s :k-%t%4n rasalfs, %uch Srac$ion viB1 be counted w G A tlw~-~th&r&YO$^ of %he members prasen5 is reqa%r@dto ~osL-~~c",and to assess a pmf sWn%on the ~cc~wsd,

SIB3 Rules of Xt~fdeaoa, ---u- ----=La-- 270 a. lJo.?pa~~1~$gb&Qt~gf @! 9-&- BkQ 28,

A dixectf$pe to a mi$f%arytrfbm1 charged with %ria1 3' offem~sagainst the Paw of war 80 %ha effect SEC 27Q *

that it will. admit "such eddmcca as in its opinion wllL be an aseistwce in proving or dis-proviag the ahwge. or auczh as in (tts) opinion voubd ham probatim vhue In the nind of a reaslonabls man'' is not ~ontraxyto %he provisifim of Article 25 or Artic1.e 38 of the of War, Persons sb%"6;- !with the cozd,ssio~of a war crime me no% "persons subject to mllf%ary lawW~ithfnthe manine; of ths mielea of War adare no% entitbed Era their benefit (,b re YM-A, $61 and #6?2, Sup, Ct ,, %t3ber 2945) ,

The rules of evidence as horn fBritish =d American acarts (or as sst forth in the ~nualfor Courts-~tial]do ~0%apply to yrcsc,sadings before Militmy Guu-amn-f; The ady posikive rules bindL~upon them me %hoe@set forth in MGR 5-329, Heaxsay evidence ia admlsafbbe, Generally, the beat - svldenc,,e a~'~~%%%.~bsvf91. be, req@rsd, am3 all evidbnoe vhfeh will afd ln detam:97-?z - ' s truLh -tkl be a&-= mft-bd [MGR 5-yj4,4).

C @3gez8&-TUO~%~ $-@.&620qe

Evfden~sshall, be admitted IDmcordanea %5th %he f oUowfing -rules ,o - ,615 A Miltt.my Govemdnt Cow% ~hd$in geaerd admit oral, writ%en, adphysical evPdentna having a bear$.% on %;,ha issues before $tjand may, exclude any e~idenoewhich in its opinion is 02 no P~WPXOQ~, If .fld~rn.%%riB 9.k s~&B,@vidm@8

'be @-PaI or j.3 @X~~PG$O~&~:.--%:3: ':<3:-3-:=.-.. A. .. secw%%ydemands 1% mar be ~,xeludeda%Soge-&hero

(2) The BOW% shall in gesb6ra.l reqtx.f.re%he pradu~tf on t% the best ewfdenc~reasonably availabhe, Buwevd~~thie prin.oip1.e fs no% fa 3s eo~7Sasedxi%h the '%eat evidence rd.;,"' The Iba%teris definiLeLy 190% applicab1.e (sea pmagraph d, tMs Seet$on 270, below, asad SectPon. 280, poaS] , D- this eormectf q~. it is emphas3zed %ha% the sworn sta%emn%sof ace-ied adwitnesses ares dways admissible r5gmd$ess of the * presence ox absence of' thoas who made the statementis, unless the court is ndF the spfnfon %ha% stat,dmenAls have no pro bat%^@ value orP %tjr~ apply a sdnrl1a.r teat, that the ~ . b woulda no% be hslgu%in an-is~fing at a true iLndbg, (3) E~saenceof bad eherw,%~rof an aecl~ssd shall be ~ssib~sbsfore fin&.% only when ths EG "i~@dp61"80Il hi33 ~B>%X'O~UC'~~~~fdeIlC@ ELB to his 0FKt2. good ~hm~ter......

5 CQI~J~dA1'So the greatest poeaible er%sct1 appl,y eqedftf (s-tt afad non-L~cEuaic,a.l pxooedme, md sU5admit any evidence whlch 'thy deem Lo ham pruba%l,w T~ECL~XB~Withcut %%m2t%.ngthe foxeg~f~fg g~.c~era.lfgbl~~ the foLLawlng WLP be deemed aihissfbls if ?b%gapporar to ";be war ~rfaestrib.ma.3, t~ smtzin S&:IT&~CJII of' pr(~ba%i?mvd-aa@rePa%fng %P %he cWgris md partlc=cCL8ssz af"%lhv3ta, d@positfom, ?n%erroga- tl17mg okhar sta%@mn%s,dim% es , %et%srs,orders, dirscti~ws,mmoraxdap bu%f 8 bim ,circ~ars,a.Gh@r ~"~mm$~at93~arid dmmtan%sgaa v@l.$ aa the ree~rda, or e~7ra~-tisGYierCa$ram9 $bcUxga3 sta%~~mn.P,sand %'if-@- m@&e of tb$ mi$i%mytrlb&s and the re~lswm ad~;nflr&ng authorf%588 of _.myof %he TJz29.%@dN~l'bfo.m~ md copies of' any doem~nt2r a%hmaeaonbry csvid~nce sf %be ann%@~ta of d~,~&lmen-b,if %ha or1gin+&,f s 20% raadf,Q avxlbb1$ or ~aactbe prsiha~~ed"wltkrc>~;t.t, de3.3.y SEC 278

In def.~rmlningquestions involving tihe best evf denee 5.)~2.7: :- %hecourt should keep in mind the difffeulties involved in procuring evidence eomernfng crimes committed moaths or even years prior to oceupa- tion, the fact Ghat witnesses may be and often are hostils, the des"ctlcticrrr uf' primary records due to the war and the dffff crl;&Giss involved in the division c,% Ge~nanyinto four zones of o~ea;zna%ion, In admitting evidenoe which might be objee+~on4'~le,if the ''be& evidence ~,xLr-'~ware applj~ableto ws;r crimes %rids the court need ally satisfy Stself that the original records or the author of' a statemnt amnot be produced, after rleasombly diligea% effort *.. do so, that the evidence offered is of" probatim value, and that , the wcused will no% uaarsmombly be prsJudissd by ad- mLssfan o;% suoh evidense, The controlling fwf~or~houEd always be whether eeidencs admitted is helpful in arriving at a true findfag,

The Depuky TThaatsr Judge Advoea%sfor Ww Crimes has ._idopted%he fa2lowLng cyinfosl comemf~the admfssi- bility In eviden,e3 in war crimes e=es of Lhe statemats of' one accused, mde ou% of court, agabflt his co-aoeussd (btter, bpty Theater Judge Adgoeats for War Crimes subgsc%c" "Amsaibf Ef ty before a Military Gavernm.e.~.t, Court of ex%ra-Judiaid atatlsaen%of' eo-~maussd.,lP d&ed kO N0vmibe.r 1945),

'The r~lei3of' procedure ln Military Govemnt Qowts provld''~%ha% Wf Hftmy Govemnt COIL?.- ts shall g-~gemral almlt all written and physical, evidence having a bearing on the fssues before it, arad may sxc-hdq my e~idqzmwhlch in its opfnion is cil; no value as proof v , (Rule 12 (1) Seetion. 3Q5$ page 37: M5.1l-baryGovernment Germany, Technical Mmml for hgal md Prfso= Off iaess, 2d editi~a,)~gThis nile pemnlts the admfssicn of" my evi6snae %hi& in %he opf~ionof the 69mt ilg of probatiw value, The Gulde to Brocqclure 9x2 Military Governme,'~tCourts provides that hearsay e~lderice, inc6ud$ng the atatemnts of the wit9nassnet produced, is aamlssfble In Mil,itary Govexmm~kCourts, These authorities most certzhdy permi% the admissiox~of hea;rsq e~idence,

The general x~d.6~applicable In cowrts- martid, that the confsasfon or admfsefon of om =awed, made wu% of os'!urt, -la admissible only as =aW% aueh x,~as~sd~%a aimply an application nf %he hem~aymle, A aonfsssim or adm3.ssionq made o~tof corn%, ia adm9ssfble wainst tlm maker LW sx.:ep-Lfon to such rul~,(M;C,M; par, llh; YM 2?=255>pa. gh) of c0m8@~that excsp%ion 9s zo% applicable when %he statement is x~@dwdnst mother ~~we4d~The fact %ha%the baai~rfor the admTss5bility of exbra-gud$efal slatm@ztt of one WOW@& ega5ns-b mo%hermewad Is a&~~-ply%be appE3~7at~%onof the hcaasqy rule is 2@7mna%ra%edby %h@ %%% that m.e, GO-meused tss%ify2n cowt agaimt his co-~omsd,

''1% is clear %ha% a sla%emn%mde ou% of CQVE~by om ma~~ad9s admlsaible before a Tnflbf- %qgowm$3nt cow.% aga%ast dEmewed to the sane ext-ent $63 m~ o%hmheareay evidence, ''

* :he c;l%sds,u.thorfty hers been superseded by MGR 5-329,, The v19rdixin the new 8'l;b%h01?i%y$8 Iden%ied. vitIh %ha% 0% the eited an-hhorftg,

An-7 ~t4rson&her tha~the mou9ed nqy be re- q-xired to Gss%i.fiybefore a M3lftmy !%mrmezt Court, excsp% a persan of msomd -m9naBpr, - df rlg %ha% no wit== B>.@SSskala be required S;o %mridnec,%~s@im~X and pro- ~rid"bgalso %ha% a aom - sh&% not compel, (L) A husband or a ~ifeor a pm@~tor a child to gim svidems %aim%the other,

(2) A legal adviser to dfselose etny cmmwai- sa%;g.ocbgtveen himslT md a elisat made in the course of a pafesafonal [email protected],excep* vhm the eommtmi- oatfon was part of or ecxmeett;dd wP%h.an unlax8ul EX.?% sr 0~98%m*

93) A plea% (or other minls%erof religion) SEC 270

%o d?s~,Losea 8 -l;onu~'9c.atfanmade in the ccv~rseof a :;or--Psasf/~n(M% 5-332) ,

Thesa pricdl,agssare p@rsoml.'t0 the witnsss m-d exmp'l'.~henalLaimsd by t3e witness axe not al.lowed,

Xq ~o~~tgrtl~nvfth seXY-fnerimi~~a%ion, if the . vi.5~jmas~~se'rts%hat,the answer to a qu~stlcnnlghS in- c*~-iml:~;ai~ehim, 6n3 oosm-6, and not the witness, will dpL*9,he.~ahe%hermwer to %ha qlxasrtim eowbd have Sib% effse'r; ~EITrequire the wii;ness ta answer,

An ac.aussd ha no pl.%viLegaagainst self- faac;rbmi~aZ.,lo~., Ee xiU not b@ wm.ed that he 9s not rsqaired +,a m-sw6r vhen qubstio~~r~me pu%%O bin, Ro.d@~es~$9 wiU not be o~mpa2ledto $iwver questjilons nor my bs be san;t@nesdfor eontempt; for refwing $0 e Jf he refwee %o answer any gmstioxm put "- him, the CTLLRT.'~my draw an urfavarable infererrace from h5s ~*~?aaakfo mwer (MGR 5-354.5).

The aeeissd mqy s1ec-b to makg either a sworn r~zl~msw.3m~tate%~~n%,The record of trial befo're sft%i?rWSLf+lwy k~~mn%Courts or Mi&ftsyComm3s.- sf s~sshcj-;lld Endl oa'm 'thmhsr &]as aecmed s t,i.ratimony is ~~cxmtSr -a~.m~zm,k thfe ~ox"ataotfon~%be .9oDowfCTg quci+;at$cafro= a case bvol~inga tzial before a MIIEtwr Cedssien is 02 Srx-Serest:

?$he seirclrd sho~nldshow, In tr.Ea%by milltmy s~muissflzn, whether a,cc!maCles +-7sstlna~nyfa smxfi or Pailwd af the record to do wc? La not, hmev%r, prej'kadieial, &en it is e5mear that Us tastfmon,y as gfven '~~~~X~a~--t,ax-f17 and vhen the recurd aontaim map23 e.B-961ainos. ---"-dfrlrzde to show ae-cusedvs guf 1%" ~~NEEDSTATES v, DO-mIIZUS THW, Op.fn33x1, LTJ'AWC, Bccmber 19b5),

The e07xr-t; q y at sG~eDW %he exam9m- tlon q~~bstianaq 'viltntss and may call or recall any wi%neas8-6 miy tfm@ bsfors fSndiw~,if it eemlders it ~@?BSBELY.;Yi~KD~%fn*.era~t;s of justies (MG? 5c=32703),

"'fibm~~rdof t3rfal fndfcatad that a W~%R~SSfor %heprose~'ut30~~who tastEied ody eor~.e@mis?gtne Pmts amromdiw the t&ing of pxs-%rial ~taJsjomcgn+,sfrom the two accused., k7mno% administesed an oat's. before tetstifyfng. Both mawed stated "a the record of' %rial%hatthe std,.t.,smn%a '&rare~9 omeef;q$Treported and fctsrp~ated and. did not eauLend %ha% they were improperly obta3.ned, Held that the SmegOg.mi%;ydid not injuriously affect any s%xbstan%%d right of the sc:.metlE (-UHEED EEATES Q, WImDXETWJ, Oplcion, DTJKIFdC, Bcember,

19h5 % 0

Am m~wedmay not be reqe~red.to testify bef~raa W.Eitary Wver21~ebz-tCod,, as i~dfcated521 pwagmph $, Sec%40n 2700 suprae HO%'@V@X~,llaving bht~~~%=d. %O t,@gt3fyp h6 be CTOSQ-@XE%X'IZI&~ &s P,o tiay mat;tess reJa%PaGs G'he gharge and partfczn- 182s mder vhieb h@ 5s being tr%od, Isrespellve of whet,"[email protected] such mL%rs were %onekedapon during dlrsc;t axmtmtian,

A stipulation is an agreement between the prosecution, m,cnsed, and the defense oounsel, either aa to facts (that certain facts are true), or as to teethmy (that Fe a certain witness were prese~tin cmrt .he vould gim the following tsstimany) - (here mt out the escpsctsd testimony), In a stipulation ~EIto testimony to be given by a witmss, if present, there is no agreem~tas to the verity of' such tcsstimony, but it is on the saw plane as the tes.t;immy of those wi%nesses who appear 5~ person and testify. Stipula%ionsare,.entered into with a view of saving time, labor and expeawe, Stipulations should be drawn to cover many of the unimportwn' zvlcontested matters which neeessmily mat be established by either side. Stipula.-~ tiom may be weed to by aJ.1 parties prior to the trial, but in all eases of the we of stipula%ims in the trial the record mu~ltshow that %heyare agreed upon by ths pro- seeutor, the accused, and the defense counsel in open oour'h., The rseord must also show that such stipulations were received by the court, They need not be accepted by the court when an;y doubt exists as to the accused!~ understand- ing of what is involved, Stipulations should mt be mad5 ' as Go ~Atalmatters amounting to a complete defsxmhs or substaazti~admitting the ~oussd'aguil%, Stlpetla%Im~ should be elosca2y aemLin.ized by the cowt befcrs meep5m?.s,

he court is not; boaby a stipnlation, even if receimd, For instance, the @ourtga o%sn inquiry my eonvinoa it that the stipttM83 fsaet is not tme. The court may permit a. stipulatiion to be ethdram, and if" so withdram, it is nota affective for pwrpoae,

Stipulatiom as t~ facts may be writatan or ord, Such a stipulation may be in the f om:

"1% is stipulated bet;wsso the accused, his counseA, and the prosec~ti~that (here, set out %he fmta stfpulated),*

l.3' the stipulation ia .in written form3 tbe side offering it may shov It to the other arlde and offer It r%n avldencie. If oral, it is stated 9.a court, The amused and his cowel should m.-a~>m~ein open GQW% that %hey J0.S.B lin "s@stTpuka%ion., Ths court my ass-ma itself by yuestiod.ng, if nesessmy, *hat the mcusdd fuL2.y uncleratan& the cmtsn%x of the stipnlatlom =d that i% 5s of;h@mia@proper,

(FRos) (El!: St is 8tipu2,atbd befJge@nthe accused, his comesl, and %he py.oseau%ian, %hat if. mrcg fin cc)wt, he ~0lLLd%@~3tj.ryas fCi~Io~trs~(0, %roula t$e%",fy a ahom, in %be et~atment, Exhibit-,--, ~MchI now offer ,)

GgE: {"he COIL- shod.,&m?omce lkJs decis5~nas .to reeelv.i:r~the stfpulat~fonas above, 1

The %6llaa&zgfcu%ns bs used for stfpula- .t:fons entared into as to facts prior tc %~%d

Tha* t~tL%, Jos, R. Cam1A GpU$ Army:, 8-3-67$;,r3, waa shot dam sear &man, c&zmnaxg on %ah &,y 3f Jm9my~945~and %.ha% he was confi~mdLn POW Cap &dag Ldt 3 Prom the 11th day of J'm.axry 19%5 -1x~t9120th day of April- 1945$ when ale was liberated by.the troops of Lha Amy, /s/ GeciL ~o-~go~~-g /t/ CECIL 21, PEOPLE, Capt,, l7Wh I&, , Defense Counaal.,

Accused 3

The following form of St-Spulatian my be used as to expected testimony,

Bd HmbPxrg, hm, 15 July 1.945.

It is hereby stipulated and agreed by and between the prosecution., the defense, and the mcu~ted,%ha% if private John Brown, 796th MP Bn, US Army, were prsseni, he WQU~~testify ets followas

I wae a, member of the 796th M9 Bn, US Army, on. duty 15 February 1945, at POW Stockade near Rheinus, France, when. the accused, Hans Schmid%, ma delivered to me for -: ;nP523em6nt in said s%oekadeby a Sgt , Jams, 30th kf. US Army, Schmidt was then in the miform of a soldier in the German Army,

Capt., 1'79th lrze, &fame Cowel, Certdsl Blnds of fw%s~csetdnot bs proved because ths cow% is au~horfsadto raoogniee thefr sxistenes w3tbou'r. pro.%, Such reeqpiticsn Is tamd s'JudEciaJ, l!Jo%fsewb,

Among mtlers of' which a Militmy CrOvlemmn.t; Cod!ra,y take judicial notlcs are &he foJbPc~~2.n.g:

The Comtftution, tresatfas, and c)%hargemre? 7 e-wv nf $..he TPnl%edStates; %he leg of" &tiom, miles of TTW m int~r- pe.Pted and co~si,medby $he United SGatss of hmrfea,

The gre& seal, of the United Strs;$eca and tho%@ of its posssssions ,and of" the sav~ralSt&es m.d Tamitorfas; Gha sn81s ofaall. eonrbs of seaord of %%as United S%~6,es ac.12 .fts temitor-Y,eswd poss@salms and of %he s;rsverd Srpi_$w; the ,Y@L$- of a ,~.f~tm.ypubllc; the 9ed of the ~dgsw&&1% f&~:wraL ? s Offlea,

OSQ~~.Z~%~VX02 %he Pw, ~-c%u&z%he Re&- ' a%PmsJ%he Q?iiclaL Atmy Register, the Axmy Lie+ 3nr3 RreoTory, %he pra~5eiczmof oflfota.l Amy HmuaHa, ?hi existsnee a~dloea%lmof ssrvioe ccmiicnds, resersr~i-~,.iom, posts, 6nd st;l;tions of troops, as 2ubllshsd to ths Army, a -t;hcs fate%that an officer belongs to a [email protected] %:r)~.~brm~h~ e%c. ,, ', the orgawiza%f on an61 sompcsndnt; parts I% the Cbm .&q,

Can,er.d orders8 bwkle",fss and nirculws 0% the Ffm By- mGment; War hpas%mct~rdern~9,-:?ding G~aesa'' CoWts- J.&rLlaL. MJr.$itary Comfsslom, bELi't'arg 'liribmals, md M.,$1,9t;ar~Go~ermeatCowts , &nerd ord@rs, eisanlms , bv.Xles%ins: crdesrs segardbg &nerd GO~K~P%S-M~~.",%L~I&%- 3%- Commlssicsns and Tribunals, and MIBItq &wm& @(31vrt;%0% th&f app~intlng&~rbhorfty,and all high8~ autbr~ty, m~.s,directives, raelss, orders, and publications 0% Mililtary GOBB-E~, MiTf %my Gc~mlllmea3.t@ow%#and Commlsaiam fn occupiad &-, ragulaticas for the people of th3 ooeupied tsxritury cb hmy OX ma sub-d9sisi~mt,hereclfg Gem laws I fc~rusIn $he tsrritan wh@reln the court; is sfttiaag; md dkm'ktj.@r~ of GOWE bm-lsaa 52 such ~tes-rritory, . *

The p:b.~ipSlbof Judiolal nd:lstic~dos~not; prc)hibSt the

,il~$?~'a .I%KWIV~. C~'B~&T&B of i& %=t of ~hf~hiL 18 au'c-hcrizedto Lake Ju&fci&Lnt?%%c;e,'and,if not satis- flea wt%h tih.~ex1~' rxf %he of w.%li(:h 1% is mbd LQ J12df>i~t111-otlea, it .my rr3 f13 t~ acy au%h$jnkif: s3vn(3131is.$ h$on&CY%*no For whdre'l the term 6i.f a ge~.areJ,or&e~QT %ha Vm bp&rn~zt me mat3xiez1, the aomt m.qy send for a :.?py of the order,

1% EES ewtmary for t3e @%a@d@airirag the ex=% fa take J~tdtei&LECB~-,BCU-~~e)f a given Sac% %o mk the courtI t.0 dr, sc, a% the an@ the pre~@z&Jxigmx avaj.kable au%hsn.t.f:: solxres of kfsrma%imGP She aubjsot,

If" %hey1.%.ll;";~d318 $21 be 923. :LB. &df $i;%i'l.%C develaplng fha rm3age xbafdeneb an& n;9.tiimallittyc$ the mas,2- fwts sl?lodLd bs &du~sd ehczw- the educa~~:lc~n,gen- asal?q; spesi8Eized edu~titlon.,if m~,a,Iow the $En.@ far '~h9shthe wi%nda.~lfa offerad as an sacp~rt;%ha =%labear sf y@ms%ha vf-kndss has baesn engaged Pn such line of w~rk and th~p3me cf' auch work; theesopp~~mft~ita~ his wcrk afi~rdedfor him ta fem&cut 'h3b spb~ial~.k,y:-bb@ kxt, l;o,5b, magezb~ar-biokesa, &be., h@ ha vrftden' en his spec- fal%g; hamre e#~xf@rres0uparr, him by Govem@n%s,frmtfta- %?-ona,foab%3orm8or recagaiz6B sg.gaa.iza%io~&@vo%adLa 338 spe~f&l.%;y,oand .qy other $%%a %hat wodd be of ~:3k8nze 50 %b% grd%nrs$ rmzi in d&bm%n3ng if the %9%:mes;is sa v8.U quali-f$ed in Ms speai&$y as to rnr5-k t;ha -h:-PtR+ of exp3*?, e~~ggessted- in trrder %ha% Ghe mmt may bs fu%ly ac.:quain%adwith tiher facts baaring t)n Gha idontific- atioz and. ausl,3dy ~f ,the rsrL%$Le,aq.d 80 that t,h.e record %-Ill,indlo&%eLu the rsvl.e?tyiylg aut,horf-t;y t?ze exact rn9,xt-a thes~~f- %ha% each mtfebe be iden%i-P'lsSIby apprcjprf &a .e~Pl.aes~~?eand that proof ba m.ad.~cf kha wm.f;ody of' such m'cfeles in an unbroken chaln frm

the Limb they ox9gL~dly' cm~ia.-brs ~QBB~BS~~T~D~of kh6 ~xPi?'etringts:ida m%%l%Be4 ~eryimLm% ofofParfllpl; %a

s sticke.~"~,ar adheai~s%a:-may be wed by %he C:Y?LI% reportx9x %o &$1x properu his mark of $d@n%Wi- ca%leonLo ekx%ia%.ss, ,such as piat,aLs, ~D~VQE,gwls, a-P:>oa 3 on vhfeh wittan mixrlw woubd no$ shm ,cr VC~T~~B-,:..:~z1:)ff aasflye the opfiaioa of the eo~,have a bearing on the Issues before it and ham prcsb~~'LbmaaLq~8w3 admrE~~fbl.@ in evidence, including proc,aed.b&s 0% Boar& and Comts cs" rnguiry; fn~~atiga-bicmsiby kspactors rAlzsral. or other ixvestiga%ing ofii~ersand rep~r%sof Ww Grimes hmsLigatd.cm Tsam~,~S%her:in whole or is part; aff idavfts and d~pssi%.l~uaof w.j~,z@sses(including affidavits have barn ~Grzi.mka%~d in%oa lmiguage differen%%ran%hat wed by the 3?4.%~t3asIn making %ha affldavi*,,

While not RBqTaRED, it; is ;3weat;eO - 1-22 order tba5 %he eowt my ba f~J.&yac:qmintcsd with their na%wead source ad.so that the record u911 Indieate to the re-

viewing au-t,horfty the axat:% m,%maYnerecf v. %ha% tha proof of' authentie2%y of a%% doermamxts md wrifJ;en 5-;+~mn-k,areceived In auid~nesbe establjshed In %he noml way.

A ;.resdic;ate for tbc? %ntr~d~~~"%iozlof b8fd@ri03of %his chaxaeter S~3~eLuder,bu% n~tws~a~sm9,&y 'be limLtad to, tne d"oLTcX.4ng steps, msumfng the documtsxr:t ta be, an &f idavf'b or vrl%t%ns%a%~meait~:'

1) Id~ntiXfoa.-bic+nof ths mltfen s5db5rim~~ by t-he wit~ess(who ha been placed on. the stand, sv?,rnar& .'5-ir +116'9ad),

(2) The i~.,t~ro&?~?%:,:of" evidence :Z' the sxa., o'utfma 8f %hr? d~i;~men.F;in %ha ,pr(~se1nr,~9c.E" %he witln8ss or ~2;b@~"iiseby the parsor& whose siptws appars %ka?~@orl~

(3% The f d:3n%Ff"fcatiorl of %he ~fgr&*~~r'ac:? the psson sxsca%fngit,

After the cam%-bas "a&mit%sdm any doo?men%or imtr~%bz.E~ it must be q9in%roa~~edS8Lr. e.rrfdsn.cs aa an exhibP% and given an. exhibit nmber so Ghat ft wi3.1 becow a. part of the sseard,

All. doeumsn%s should be hmded %a "e soxrt repcxr*c'.er +.o be mked as exhibi2;~Yor id@n%lfica%ic,ngq-psra9cr %Q the questfonE!3qqcrk" %he -witnsssas who are to Pibmlah the pra~fwhereby ?-hemtie-lea are propsly fden'2f ied for admiesfm @v%dem@,Mt~r%he proipsr pradiadt,a has Been laid for t'm aMssiap3. of' th~wt,9zFjs $4, sh:.xalh then be cffsred %ns~id6~aby sonag such sta?,am~:,ta8 "I now c,fZer in e~-fdezazee&oascutiongs (r;r b$ema*as) F&lbi% Nae &~den~,f~fcatfsn

or%g~~mlad. four alspias of ths tra~q~riptctf tbm record %dl2bs pr6pam9d for the rim3 of the Dapu%yTh@&%$r2uQs Advmata $,'3rFdar Crfaes . %hSs e~~a&,s ~9-g~CP 3hb tr&r~er%pt~rssp,c:LSysQ, h $he csven.%%",hatfirs%r%n& s@ci..>&$a&Ta &9 - ..;: .- . cf' a19 ~mll-,to~e&j.b$%s ad ~~a~~.&j~ne %ntha fZLss .:i~i!:~~:.~tit~$d%a chf gf prgsecu$ar, a~%h~~n?:,Po&~doii-pisa 4-'~hbra.::>fxfi%:! be md@,ctc22 a,%h,chi$d$0 the firs% duplirm%s ccapy c~f %h@%??S.!.!CX?~~%~, =,a. 8 8@~1~1dpl8b@d %hb -Urn@ fik3 f old+3r0 Action in Caae 82 Insanity of Accused.

Whenever a court is satisfied that the accwed is unabl~by ream of insanity to understand the nature of the charges againat him or the proceedings of the court, or that the mewed committed th~ offsnrre for which he is being tried but vas ins- when he coman3tltsd. it, the court shall record a finding of either such fact md nm3 make an order providing for temporary cwtody peladiw d3rcsetrr~~s;ly the reviewing authorfty for permanent custody or other di~p~~ii;%;e, (MGR-5-3351. (&cap% for Section 450, Part Ig of the T~lalbiJan7aab hm not beem i;nelud+d in this bxtrm.fje)

Civilian vf%ness fees of frl.enday allied. natd0ml.s ~houLd be yald fra appropriated funds in wcordmoe w3th the pr~vl~fonsof a?35-&120, dated 30 B~a;ib~~943~ t~ meaadea, adCis~ti~~ 46, this kL&adr&ers, dated k 3u.m 1945 SILICAgapmn% should bs m&t:on Dap&men% Form 338, %be adm$nfs%rativecsrtWieate thereon %a BQ sigma by the chief paposeeu%~rof the war arhes ema,

Cid%im'rt.-E+aess fees of ~~ m%fo& who sre frSen&'by -rLLaesees aahoad bo paid maording to Lh6 px~@-~%omof lettsr, %&is hfy&p~%~rs,fib AG @QQ~~~WCB-~~ subdee-k: Veetj ma Al.E~%~moaof ~~Slta~gG6)~erXlrn@n% ~oq&a Espeoid13 ~ppob%@df' Gh8 Ts9.d of Gwos Invol~ingWar CrWs, gg h%ed7 Sop-bemksr lg%k5, "he voas,?her~fox papmen%of such witmss fee8 ox axp@ses%dl% be signed by the chief prosac?a%orof the war er%m@s awe md wib% be %ye 3he form of a certifioate ahowing ma ft&zed sta%em@ntt GI?%he swan due +&a ~5tmss, Section 5CL'

SEC -Outline- - .- -Of- A- Trial- - - Before- - - -A --Ggn.eral- -- -Or -lntermedlatje------501 ~~~~~LwJ-cQvQ~~o~.- 20g-2.

PRESS THE CCIITR;II WILL COME TO ORDER,

The members of the eosxrl; shall be furnished vTth a dossier of' the case prior to drlal. The m3mbers of the court ahoald have before them durirg tksg trial copies of the charge and particulars,

F'RI3s: THE cmm APPOrnrn 0 ., , . AS mmmm, . IEE WILL RE SWORN. The interpreter rises and faces the Presiaent who esks: DO YCIlT SKmR ZTIl AIHIGmH GOD (SO~YAFBIRM) TEAT YOU WILLB TO THE BEST 03' YOUR ABILSgH, TRULY T-ME TIE& PROG.EEDll?a OF THIS CCXJRt AS 'IXE C m MAY REQJEREP (MGR 5-91k, No, 2). m-m: I DO.

i!he prosecu%or, defense camsel, and mmbere of the coqnt, in conducting their in+,3rrcgatiom, should pxopovmdtheir questi~naby addressing 'e2e witaess directly, and the interpreter shozld tra;nslate directly =d vrjrhaLf m, ~zd. 2n the same person, everflhing that is sd.d subdeck to the direction of %ha sourt, He should oo+.be pemittlmi -5~s engage In 6oU3qw on hi~lcne. The 18 en*,i%led to have the prooeadings translated when he is ocJbem9se amable to understand the language in which they are conduetad,

mote tha%the president, and not the proseseutox, administ6rs all, oaths, PRES: Tm COVE2 1r.S APP0mE.D , , . , AS ICEPORIFW, El3 WALL XIE SWORN, The rapcxtrrr rises and faces %ha President whocasks x DO XDJ SFCEAR BY JLLNIaY GOD (SO-Y ~~) FBfJ YOU WHL, TO TEE BEST OF YOUR ABILITY, TRULY RECORD AND II)RAIgSmm TKE FROC~D~GSOF THIS COURT% (MGR 5-9 1kp NO, 3 ,

PW: [Xf an ,idvis@r hm hssa appointed,) THX CCURT HAS A.PPC/INTED , , . , AS DESER TO TELE' Cm, BE WILL BE WORN, Ths Adviser rises and faces the PTe4JS dent' 'CT~Dasks: DO YOU SWEAR BY THE ADdIGBTY GOD (SOLEMF LI AFFIRM) ~6EATYOJ TJILL, TO TH3 OF YOUR ABI:~lTH7 ACT XKPAE2wP AS ADVISER TO THIS CW8

n?PS:: TEIS CW22 E&S RXF-3 MPOWED FhTRStTm TQ SPEC17:9S, C:RGDS KO,-- ._.a_.-, PABAGRUE z WBJmmS, U2m C OI@LMTD, DATED Tm-pDM OF ..--- * A COlT THBRXOF IS 032-mD ID ETImCE A3 EmTSP2 2-1,

5 A GGFT OF IIEE G~GESTJJ?OX WEICE THE ACCUSED m TO F;E TR~L'DFJAS SERTED WON TEE (EACH) ACCUSED ON Tm --.-+d%Y OF------AS SHOWN BY TEE SITRIQMi: OF CKARGES l3EEmD WON A COPY TmOF, mxm 1 Nm Ciam m mwGE As EXHXBTT P-2.

PEICS ,S THIS CASE OF TIIE IJNnED STATES v3 (ET a,1 WAS FEFWL%D TO THIS C m FOR TRIPLI; ON SAID CHARGES B'f IBTTm OF TEE DEPUTY v4TKXE ADVOCATE FOR WAR CRIRES, PNED TL1E_- MOF 2 --.-$ WEICE IS NOW aFFEEiED EZTDBBCE AS XXHlBD P-3, -

PROS: 'JIZFESR~E~IQ~MD~ENSEC~S~PORTHJSTR~ MERE: ASSIGNED BY j2X'THI OF THJ3 DEPUTY eJUDC;E ADVOCATE F9R VRCRINES3 DATEZD THE DAY m-.ps-~ I OEER THE SAKE IN EVIm6E AS mm P-tc.

: TEE ACCXJSED I1ESm TO ~ R O ~ ASC 8PECIAZE DlEENSE C~~~------@JmI T~atToZi5,yJ- Twofsssion) WHO IS 1XlIY QUAWFIED T0 PRACTICE BEFORE THIS COURT, SEC 501.

In the es'mnt of oiv-ililsaz oapma@L, the cow* mat aa%Ssf"y itae3-f" md the re~ordmati show &%imtively that such counsel haw parmlss-Son of, R?I~is authoriz@d by, the blflitar~Gcwermest to prmS%c::eLaw, A 6yte,t~mrs%of court In the rac2rd to %ha% effect will suffles, (MCFR 5-322,2)

No mmb3r of' the eo& ox of the prsseeu-t;lcs~~is sworn-, The C<~QY~~h~~abd~XCJ:: ':?? ~TI~~TI~BX02 :,oo?E&wha :+rilA1 be oahlad 9u & v~itnessi,?. -5ka ease or has 8,personal I:ct%~ss.ast5x1 2%.

Pm TBCOXRI! BM BATISFDD E~m-2TUT :mIS PROPmcJ CORBJ~~,E%DTBJ~TEE LAWSam) ~51.m(g~~mam~ ?TLEARY ~GOT~~~.I$lf60TdE?IS E4.S ,3TBISBICTbOg IYFR "Qj PERSGfl {S) AKD OF%"EIISE &Sj OF THE ACWSED, -.>- ,, ,>. '7 -p-q -,-,rr > .... L ...-. 2.1-L P3OSEBEIm OR IEFENSE B&3 GRC?D FlC)E CWGXOF ANlt.-l@BBER, IT' B XE@EsED E BE D~d"EW3DNOW, QEnone &%elnsad, add] TlBF3 EEZlYG XO ~@aTDYOR WTWGE, TEE d"@m PS DECTAmD TO 2% 2XQPERLY CORSaCmED,

0~LycbalL?nges :SCT C"EYAS~my b7 exer~2~edEW her %he prxss~t~f1 nor Xhe d=ionse 9s a~z.f;i%IsdGo p~re~p$~ry r~k&%91-~4a, Chae.ngea ~51%be dec9d-9d by a mjtxfty ~05e of +he court 7-113sm %he baais far chd%sn~eis such that, r;by=~c.ual,yxh6 cb%T3enged mmb~rshonPd be exone&dand it is -amdaesswy $0 gn t;kor;l~bthe iomaPity QT ~~atfng,

lSbe cowb by mJ~rl=kyTO% 1% empornred to asaer trEd Ess sm61"a if It is necessary for esoml%y, pmtectf srs. sf wi%ne~s~~or a%her good reason, Any order for trj,aE 33 camera will be nokd 0x1 %he record and a rapor%attmhed slatfng %%lo reasons %herefer {MGE? 5-32~~6).

FRXS TQ ~cc: mmI,omay qasTrorss ARESTG IKTRING THIS YR3X.L M'IiX BE RULED UPON BY THE Pli S5m ST.TA,~E TO O~~IONBY m mmxm OF ICLL corn, Section 501

EES: TITE ACCUSED WILL HQW 13E mmEAICEIl &?I TO HIS NM,

Tha mewed' wLbl &inya.y&3 ~%~.d>~h@xx addlrd~8@d,

PIES, '68 ACC: YOU M?B P!-D TWT TJKDER TI32 W W MDmY 243,- YCXJ ARE .ENTDLED 33 TBB C~rnTO aaa: BCI:TSfi7WmTGx

While ao $%me 112 advax5e of %:?fa13s p@~.~s3~'l;dd.o the pa- psss of this prorl~imis %.J 9~ &grgwc;a %&.%ax as x%P1 assure him a %&.r trial ~nd.&Ford him ari oppartw~i%y -ts prepma a defeme, 7, TO H4VE TEE PRD~ll~M%WSJ.EB?&LEN YCXJ WIE 0TmWa:SE ?JIVABI:;E TO UiTDEZSTmD T-EE WGTJGE IN NHIm ?EEX ARE C3NI;FISmD,

8, IN TIE EVBYT OF CmG1'IQR TO FKU A P3TDXOlY FGB mm TO TBB ABPQL~DJGAll!?EOI?EY 23lBTmG FUEE GROLY~ ~m~mn~MD szmrnc~ SHOIJLfl BE SEI! STDE OR MOD'LFTEB-

ACC , : XES, SIR,

FEES 0 2 LDJ TdXTXI POW ClTTER IN IWXmCX AS AS2XBIBIT PC-5TXE ACCWLISm MCG FORM YO, 38,

?he pres:d3z> reads Lo the WECW@~.the c?hargs[s] adpar- t%cu%srsas set for%h. in the ahmge sheet, Attm %be remag of E463E parL8,:.-&er &mi EACH ~2targeths (.ios;rr%vf$lu =?a: the a~cwedin the 9-ez-e nex% below set out, if he ~-rl,&~rsGrn&the sane m-d. vhetheg. he pBeads guilt3 cr not gui.Rb%gto 2% [MGR 5-32b03). The sow% mg x7eapb a plsa of' gl;bSlty -bra an offems other %hm that 6hUwg6dQMGR 5-324 ,!! ,

'*?'Q AQC, <, I DO. 19 If the i~saeof insanity is ra,ised, it should be done hers. The court wi11 then. proceed set forth in part !I:[; SBC, 360, of this Outline,

PRES,TO ACC: HOW DO YOU PWP

If tha pLes is gui1%$:

PRES, TO ACC: DO YOUUBDERSTAND THKC BY A PLEA OF GUmY YOU ANIT AS TRUE ALL PBHTI- AND THE CHARGE AS SlE FORTH IX THE CHARGE SBECT AND TEAT WITHOUT FCTRTHW PROCR? THE C m CAN mOSE: Amy LA= SrnENcE, EXCLUDING mH(IF A GEmaAL MILrrARP GO- CCf&1WI) (UP TO (10) YEARS IMPRISONMEWL' IF AEJ INTlZRMFBME COUFiT)? (MGR 5-32?; 5-3281, ACC ,

PRES, TO ACCa DO YOU DESIRE TO CHANGE YOUR PUA TO ONE OE" Nu2 CUIErY?

Ace. e 2 NO0 SIR* ldhile %he c3mt may sentence on plea of guilty without Txwther f"Lk receive evidence to determine that pba BZL*S;not, fmprovibnC, or qualified. After hearing swh evid@me%h@ GO& will be closed and will detemne by majority vcts whether such plea of' guilty should be entered for %he acawed.

If it d@te~aes+,hatthe plea of guilty will be entered, a fLx.ng ~f'guilty by not less than two- third^^ vote should be ramfie by the court and announced in open court, The cow% will %hen receive evidence to (a) ascerta9n ex- tenuat:ing rircwtanees, if any, and'(b) to enable it to detemiaags the sentence to be imposed, (MGR 5-325a; MGR 5-328) Thls may praperlhy include evidence of character of' the mewed and prior eonvictim.s, if any. The court will then be c10sed, decided upon the sentence to be imposed upon the w,cwed by not less than two-thirds vote, reopen and annom~esthe sen%bnce in open eowb. X the court determines that a plea of gi, :--should 9o-L b6 8,c::ceptsd and it Is detsenainadthat 2 j",a r)f' not guUty shoukd be entered for the acewed (11~1 5-32b .5) thl* col~t.will open adanmuwe:

'-'I J:3. TO A6C : A PIbF;B QF MOT RJIEY 1'T' TJ BE Eil'I'mD AND TH3 CASE WILL BE TR.TXD AS IF SUCE A PZSA HAD BEXN MADR RY TPTil A1!C178EFU

Ths ez~rtmy GG~; =aept a plea of gu5Lb;y an,&ms'e an- tj\sr% ~)1:3& c-~f gl;i%zf;y t~ 0f"fe~8(?;~~YO~P~II~ ,i;h..?. d.e&:lh pa-mXfiy, pr~~I.dfslg,hoxo~sr,%ha% a plea ::-2 gwLI.,%$-to offame y-t.m.2shnbl~ by doash rw~ybe

?-y'-..*_.-?t.od., It' Ghe eci~la:*~%a aaG%af2.~21fsm '&haae,%ma 92" >.,,,.L. J.>.,,,.L. -4 .* :.:as3 t;ha,tL the pzm$_smnt of death would hs clearly ty:xcj.a.s an& a ]-egs3~pmA~b~~,t;~qouB& 37&f f GB .''?,tZ-Rzj Li3~JR*; :.. .. * Lo;, "

If %here 2s nore than ant2 &ePenc-kmtp=d one OP m~r@, bu% no% a>L, r2.sRA gxilty, or if a sin&@ defandan-t, pbsarli3 gu~i23y", srm cr m~re,but not dl of %ha r:hargzs, %he CQW% shall def'@rsentem8 an. say C$ the c.b%ges mb%lthe triaL 02 all is eomplstsd, Xsa crder La impom 8ne se~3enceon each defendant vi%h raapeeS %o dbthe chwgea %,a %?h%Chhe hm pleaded cr has BF~Ef'~n't;dg~xiI=,y~

The -pr%sidepdyt or qymember of" the aowt mqy fnGerroga%(3 the accnused on fat-bs paxtf;lnen.t to the obsgs pm%icn-~ 1.m~~but -&PX 50% apply any aompalsion to regr&re him. %o ms%?er, Amy 8%a?t@m~b~mdd by %he amused =ziIR be em-2- tlbncl3 In %be oasa, Attention Ps im3tb~dd;o pmwaph cp Ssetlon 220, supra, atyhIch it fa empWized 'that OQCEL- sion should mry seldm arise-dnwar crimes trials, where ad@qm%epraeecu.%f and def3nse aop;uase%are always avafB- able, for Tntdmqat-30~.of arxwed or wi%n@ss@s by the cc3'mt. h any ravat2 an order2y dev-elopaaf of amss dfc- Lates Ghat oowts not do so mtfl prosseution. addef ama e~~umebhave finished with the wltmse, Likevfsa, in the ease of the acemed, interrogation by the court should alwap be postponed m~tilmar the end of the trial in order to &!,Low the prosacution tm oppor- tiuity to prove %he, essantid elements of the erim in accordance with fts trial. plan,

EREsx DOES THF: PRmmm lESIRE TO MAKE AN OPENI!YG .EWE'-% (MGR 5~327~1;MGR 5-328).

PROS: m, sn, (XG, sm0

The prosecutor makes his opening stat~mn%,if any.

., PIIES. TO IKlTNESS: DO YOTd SWEAR BY GOD, TBF: ALMIGmY AND OMNBCm (SOIXMNLY AFFIRM) TWPCW WILL SPEAK THE FURE TRUEH AND WILL WIX'BHOLD AM) ADD NOTHING%

The foregoing oath is administered by the president to all witnesses (MGR 5-354,6), t3 the accused if he elsets to ma%a a sworn sta%emeat, A form of &firma- kiolcll, in the event the witness wishes to make m sfleimation, imtead of taking oath, is the same aa the oath except the words "solemnly af"ffrm91arasa' substitutbd f~rthe words "swear by God, the Almighty and Omni~efea%~(MGR p-glk), Witnesses and the accused stand while giving destfmony wiEees the cow% gives special. permission for them Lo be saatad, Com- sal interrogat.ing %hem laay stand or si%,

Witnesstss ah~uldbe permitted in the eoW~=roctnaonly dww-~the eoklrse of their icterrogation,

PROS: STA!TE YOUR FCTL;L NAPaE, ADMZESS, 0(3G21PATIm3 AGE, AND RESImCE,

PRWs DO YOU KNOW '233 ACeEISEDt IF SO, STmE JJJ;S NW.

PROS: IS EE PREBNT IN C(3LEtT IF SQ, ZbTDICATE 'GO THE CUUEF IJHICE PERSOM BE IS, t? NO F"umm QUESTIONS. DOES TXEE IEZ'ENSE 13ESDU ro moss-mm%

E :: TEE IllPmSE DOES (NCE),

PROS: ANY Q;TJESTIONSBY AMY bEBBER OF TEE COWf?

PE : YES &3JQ1,

mi+^ 3T.cse c2 %heezi: : Y +-hepr~sscu+2on,the o:;,xr-t: qyor. 1%~corn mc%"r-r~ abl_jaJrfJ%heamwed on ac$v .- ?largep?f da f t dec%d,6s%here f 8 not sufff cf en+,ovf denr13 "c ~~~gpr:&;the chargs md %ha% the mewed. should. b.s arega=!~@dGc) answer itg md my such acq~i~3a.l shaSL be oa%~redin -the re~0x-dof the case (~IGR 5-32~~2)

Th3 ~c~urt,. *. xgpll~atfm- of th3 pr~se~ution,qy &ire~~ttha% =y Parther charge or charges be prafe~ed agzd2s5 the acmsed md m#y gmt my necessary adjo-!nm=a ~ E fcrF ~Lh-3 Fwposa (MGR 5-327,2), If aa aiijou~x1.- men% ia deemed necsasary, the court may prose~d$0 maks :$a findings a1.d assess the psmishmm.t cn such Pmther ahago witho.a%the re-introduction of' the a~9.dencealready heard, k- . ;?.itmy G~vaxnm8ntCow%may anend a ehaxgs 8% &T %bebefore fin-, provf ded tha% an adjoxmaenk is gw%4d:if n5c9a8ary1)adthat no injustice is %heroby don6 the m:aused (PER 5-330). SEC 501

Here 5.2 ude the opening statement, if any, of the def enss ,

DC : . TBE IXFEXVSE DOES (NOT) IXESIRE TO MARF AN OPENING STAT-.

DC s TBE DEFENSE CALLS AS ITS FIRST WITNESS

The president administers to the defense witnesses the. sane oath adminlst,ered. to vitnessec for the prosecution,

The president or any member of the court may interrogate the a,ccused on any facts pertinent to the charge and particulars, but will not apyly any compulsion to require him to answer, An accused hm no privilege against self- incrimination and he will not be warned that he is not required to answer questions (MGR 5-354.5). Attention is invited to page 407, this Section 501, in which it is emphasized that occasion seldom arises for the court to interrogate the accused and that such interrogation, if any, by.thc : -8rt should be postponed until new the end of the trial. Furthermore, the president has the obliga- tion to mke certain that any such interrogation is orderly and expeditious. If' the accused has not alreacly tastif ied, thhe president should always give him an opportunity to testify fmediately before the defense is permitted to rest in the manner hereinafter indicated.

IRES. TO ACC: YOU WAYP'i!&: A SWORN OR AN UNSWORN STATENENT, ON WHICH YOU MAY BE CROSS-EXAMmD. YOU ARE ADVISED THAT THE CClLTRT MAY DRAW SUCH DWE3EECES AS THE ClRmANCES JUSTIFY FROM YOU; r i.'2SAL TO AM- OR FROM YOUR FAILm TO TAKE THE STAND IN YOUR OWN BEHALE', ARE YOU NOW WILLING TO TESTIFY?

CC : THE llEEaYSE RESTS,

PROS: THE PROSECUTION HCLS NOTHING l?UET~. DOES THE COURT IIESLRE AlVY WITNESSES CALLED OR IZECUD8 (MGR 5-3270310 PIIES : THE COURT DOES. (NOT) .

PROS: (Argument) ; DC : (Argument) . The fiadh~"~f'the court as do the gull% or fnwc6ncu,a :f the a:cused and, if guilty, e3a to the sonP;enoe tr bw 9~3osad, mwt he by the c~mmt?zc".sof a% L- -.Tt3wo~- dF%r&~of a21 th3 members p~es~ct tha time %h8 80%ls * n m J 9 uG&'~cK, L-" j U,i 0

A Ml,9tt3rjr ~vam9n%Cow% shall momc~I%EI firad5xtgs. rxi sash pmtSnuPar and charge bef'o~sit, m,d shall pro- Section 501

nounce one sentence in respect of all the charges upon which the accused is found guilty (MGR 5-331).

The findings, as well as the sentence, must be announced in open court (MGR 5-327.1) ,

PRES: THE COURT WILL HEAR EVIDENCE OF PREVIOUS CONVIC- TIONS AmT) OF ADY EXI'ENfJmSNG CIRCUMSTANCES.

Evidence of any previous convictione of the accused in any court may be received (MGR 5-327.1).

PROS: THE PROSECUTION HAS (NO) EVIDENCE OF PREVIOUS CONVICTIONS,

PIIES, TO ACCB D~ESTHE ACCUSED IXSIRE TO INTRO~CE EVIDENCX OF EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES OR TO MAB3 ANY FURTEER STN- TO TEE3 COURT? (MGR 5-32701).

PIES: THE COURT WILL BE CLOSED,

The procedure for voting on the sentence is the same as for voting on findings (L 7b) . The court will be opened in the presence of the accused, his counsel, the interpreter, the reporter, and the personnel of the prosecution, al.1 of whom remain standing (except the reporter) a% which time *he president announces:

PRES: TEE COURT IN CLOSED SESSION, AT LEAST TWO-THIRD3 OF TRE !S$EERS PRESEW AT THE TIME THE VOTE WAS TAKEN COHmII\TG, SENTENCES YOU:

1, TO EB IMPRISONED FOR A TERM OF COMC-!IEMCING 194 AT OR SUCB OI!HER PLACE AS MAY % DESIGNmm BY COMFETm IILFTAR'II AUTHORITY.

OR SUCH CX!!BER PLACF: AS MAY BF DESIGNATED BY CW3EE3Tl' MIIJX'ARY AEtHORB1Y, 3. TO lEA!X'H BY HANGING AT SUCH TDG3 AND PLACE AS HIGEE3 AUTHQREY W DEUE'2, (Am G:, ~e~%,sas.r.?epcsmss of %he eopxr%, see abam Sce, 25~): I JUL IOCT l JAN l APR 1 JUL IOCT l JAN l APR l JUL IOCT l JAN I APR l JUL 1945 1946 1947 1948 I

APPENDIX XXI 203 CASE BOO 5-37 22 Jan 47 .IJBS'fl, Rudolf Acquitted RRUcmmCK, lEKviLnz 21yeas Elwm', .F;t.s&et 3-2 years ~~, - Fardinand hquftted GEXEBCIEER, Rudolf 2 yema 2 yeas CxXEZ, fiw 2 yema 6 months GRIEER, Norbert 4 yema 4 yews HAmbdmE, Hertea Acquitted HEXOEI, Kmal~e Acquitted BUEBNE?, Priedrfsh 2 years 2 yeaxs lINDER, StsphmAe 3 mosbths 3 months Bmm, ,Esfol&f oh hquf ttsd KUKdSKA, GrePnl hgluf tt~d IpAmmm, nois hquf%tod l4.&YmEom,RudoE % year MmnZ, Paul, Acquitted PAUmIXSE, Joseph 2 yeeu.s B-,, Elflzabeth I+ years mL8r90ha 2 pJelXf3 S-kRQm, Banz 5L~a=s SW-, Josef a I"_ y@ms BWBm, Jos~$ 429 yeaxa SCBIdmTZ, Step- AcqufLted ~ . ~ WfH gdriah, l$ years ZIEGLER2 Vici%or kquftted

5-83 30 kt 49 I.iA13mB -%%hias . 30 years 2% yeaxe ~a~mm,~ d KWZa ~ 5 years + years Maria .

Death Death Deat,h Death Life UPe Death Life Lee Life bath Life -CASE NO. TRIAL ME PERPETRATORS

I 5-ll.3 26 Feb 47 HANSER, Stefan Acquitted i Anton I OBWW-, Acquitted TPJEXR, Ant I Life Lifa W<;KGER,Frmz LWe LUs

5-144 30 Jan47 HCLFBAUERoFranz 25 25 yews RLQH, Oswa3.d 25 yeaxe 25 years

5-150 24Jul47 BOCrKHORNI, Walter Acquitted 'ICEATZR, Frita 25 pars 23 J-a=-8

5-s?3 6 NOT 47 S%mU@HmGER,Johann 20 yeme 18 years 9 months

6 -24 16 Jul 46 l3lm9m9 Val 7. 1' +.I-. Death Doa%h BODZ, Briade~ b&h Deatth l?lRAuXj WfPXi Lifs 15 ~WB l3J3IESEMFIISm, Kurtd Death ha%h TdON CZAMIW, Wib19 Llf e Life CHRIST, Friedrich Death DeatJh CLcITW, ED- 10 years 10 yems COBLEIE, bWred Life 15 Y~~WS DlXFmHIIl;, Josef h&h Death DIEPRICE, Josef (Sepp) Life Lffe ECXMbLW, Fritz Death Dl aappromd FISCHER, Arndt 15 yeasa a Yams ms,Gieorg Death Lif B FRZDRICHS, Heinz Life 10 years GEl&KEE?, Erlts, Life Disapprsa-sd <:3EDIC5E9 H~3In.zGerhard Lif Q Df sapprawd GOJLlBCmE, ErxLst DeaAh bath GHW, Hms 20 yemt 10 years IjxWfmm, Max Deal",h Lfle HECIf;C, Armln Life Df sappro7~~313 HENDEz, WilLf Heinz 8%~ 25 yasrs --m, HmEi 2,,+:1 if: 3 HmIG, Ham4 bG 3jeus iC J,C~LB HOl?MAND, Hefnz LWo 15 years HaF-W, Joachim Death 20 years MIBW, Hubert Death Dea421 JAWE, Siegfried Death 20 pJaJrs JVHKER, Benm9 Death 25 Yeas I(IFS, Riedel b&h 20 p3ws mmm, Gustav L%?f, 15 yam KR!ZUR, Georg I2f8s 15 yoare E'dNEE, PriLz PO yegss 10 pmxs KkGiJ!TJ Werner Death Life KIJXGEmOEFER, Oskar Dsath 20 ~aar19 MAmB, Erich Deatll Diaappxoved MZIloLASm PP~o~a LIT ; 15 years MOrL'ZXEIM, &a :r?- Death Disappromd I4ommm, Ekicll Death 20 years BBQE, Gustav Bath 23 yeme 203 CASE NO, '%RIAL DAT% Pm-':fiXW!!m >::j;~q'~l:~,;[q~&~ --..~-.-. ---.---..- ---~----..-- ---i.CI.3.- .. &~&-b h De~th Lse 20 yems bath Life hafh ma?& I5 yaam Life &a%h Lf f'e Death .haKh I&a+.:e, ..Ik5t~u'h I:k~h$h &-?at11 ba%b bath 2i.th ba%h Riaapprle,m~6. &ath 15 yams LPf es DS.~appr~wd.

Life Disapprsw%sd' Life 20 yaws Death 13 grms &a%h Lifs Life3 8.5 g.eam Lifa 15 ,yews bath 29 rewe Life 15 yswa 13 years LO p,ws De at$ &at-$

Aaqulttsd hqu8ttesd hgufttad AcquPt'tad Acquitted hgui.t;"r,ed hqu%t%ad kqpftted hquikb,@d hquft%ed TRIAL DATE

24 Oet 47 HIESLLNGZEl, Bmrm Acqdttad W32YTSCBNIG, Roman 25 years 25 yeaxs

Death Dsatth

13 Pab 47 SCHm.mZ, Erwin Life Life Wilhelm Kc,mad

KOENKE, Bernard Acquitted mm,&xl Adam WOLFs Hugo

~ife ire Death Bath 1-9 -May 47 E;C:KMID, Marr. Josef 5 Jm-47 28 May 47 I-, Otto Frisdorich IXEXEL, Earl =Joasf

ABm, Thomas 3 yews Disappromd GROSS, Kwfi Life Life M.4CK, Eduwd 5 yea's 5 years wTm, Adox 1;s e Xfe SP~~Z,RU~OX Life Life

18 Dec 46 Death Death Death &at3 Lee Life

j years 3'<"sJ WS 2$- yeaxs @- ysma Aeqrdtted

28 Apr 47 STJiBN, Josef

30 Sop '47 EASTH, August 20 pass 20 years SlXlBK, Rudolf Acquitted 207 1.3 years CAE33 NO. TRIAL DATE PERPETRATORS SEWTENCES

12-531 7 Feb 47 BOHRS, Enlet '7 Yema 7 yews BRUMMER, Peter 20 years 20 yams DAMWIN, Hem Death Death

12-552. 7 Nov 46 B-, Win 6 years 6 years BECK, Reinhard 4 years Disapproved EEEEN, Josef Death Death M~.JLC~,~ranz 6 yeaxs 6 yema l!33EL, Augwt. Death Death WDlEER, Paul DeaLh Death

EGGET, Karl Death Death

10.yea;rs Lif 63

12-643 11 OC~45 DIEI'ERMAN, Wilhelm Death Death EBLDTG, Andreas Acquitted r2-658 5 NOV 47 BmME, Ctto Acquitted FELaMEIER, Waldm Death

12-7% Lb llor 11.5 BAUSCH, WiLhelm 5 YemS BRm1, Otto 5 Ye=s

12-765 27 Mas 47 73IlOEP, Otto Death Death PElEMPH, Christian Death Death 'r , ,.- BBIW331ER9 Heinrich Death Death . , EISELE, Josef Life Zif e PD,Arthur 20 years 20 yeass HEIN, Frisdrieh Acquitted MxmIIES, Max Llfe Life lmRlX4E, Gottlieb Death Death 12-788 18 Jun 47 .

12-793 3 Aug 45 PACHTT\TGER, mickolaw Death Death 'FLRTUITS, IIePmlch Death Death

DEUBEEIT, Heinrieh 15 yeas 15 yeus SCHIIYllEL, Peter I year 6 months SOLOMON,~nna 2 years 1year ZEECK3 Margot I$ yeas 1year SlXRM, Georg 3 YW=S

GEISSER, 3W.l 5 Yews 2+ yems WZ, Friedrich 10 yeaxs 5 Years ma,Karl 5 Years & years 7 M h-7 MTELm, Fritz &akh SCM, fiber% LLfe ma:Y'::,Eq HaJxf3 %if@

-3 46 l3IXbWm, MaxiniBSan Sea%Ea Em, Goaef Idf a KKBEE?, L*. Walter ~cquit-bed. ST_~:,'~TI:~TG~E~,Eami bath

3-9 Sep 47 N2mA, Friedrich Lif o

3% Jan 46 WKLO, Charlot be mm, &ma% . GRJEMEL, &urge m-, Wia ,Ef,mz, JOB~~ * EiEABDL, M.b;'h%~

7 w 46 BECK, Gard Life %VJNREIrn, to Life AS APPROTBD BY REVIlWl3G ----CASE IPQ, TRIAL DATE PERP-ORS ~EIVCESAUTHORITY 12-11&-3. 28 Aug 47 ICANSCW, Wishelm Death Death

2.2-1286 13 Nov 46 BOCK, WiEhelm Death Death

GROSS, Johassn

FIRMENIGH, Ludwlg Life Life JPSGER, Philipp 6 years 6 yema XXELL, AdoU 6 yews 6 $ems m,wi33lelm 10 years 10 yeara 0VErRI)ICK9 Heinrich Lif'e Life SWCK, Hugo 1yew 1 yeas 14 Fsb 47

4 Dnc 47 Death Death

26 act 45 Death Death

25 Apr 46 AI;BlSHATSm, Anton LXe LEE? B(3EGIE2, Jwef Death Llfe OHSIEK, Fritz Acquitted

lh Sep 45 Death Death

%aS~P45 GOIS-, Joaef Acquitted Wm, Alfons Jwob Acquitted'

Acquitted

Death Death

Death Life

%P-3.155-? 27 Jun. 47 BOEHM, m1 von MASSOW, Ruediger

~2-I2.60 13 Sep 46 POLUS, 18 months 18 months

Life Life

Death Death

Death Death 5 yeaxs 5 years

L2-UO3 17 Apr 47 Sm0LZs Siegfried Acquitted 12-1217 25 Apr 47 HmL, Erieh 20 years 20 parn

32-1237 LL Sep 47 WEIMAKN, Herbert Acquitted 211 .3 yaws Df sapproved Id:fa Lffs " 9 ,,x @< .b.L Q :Life .- .- ,L?2.r'% Life 3 ;mass 3 yews :3 "$?'%YB Bf sapproved 2- peas E year bath %=a ACq~dft",d 21 aorxbhs XQ $@as A~quf%tad Bath B$.%b &aLh I& 8>%b TiL,,\-,- :;c hatk.1 20 ysaxs

Life 10 years DIRJJAmL, Rudolf" mm, Eut

WHh.Eeinrich 3.5 years DAUM, G~oA~ 25 years FgTWT, rnl Acquit-t;ed CXFIATCH, Phillpp ' Deat.91 HDGrn, cb'osef Dsa-bh OE-KR, Johmn Dea,th mmw, &the Dea'bh SZ~II,JobqCm-t.ms Death TdEZUXR, I& T~F*TS~,O Death woa, Aug111;ut' 15 reas Wrn, Erisarecl-l Death

2 years -2 yema 2 years 2 yams 22 JfC -x3-3

Daath Life 14if ti3 Death CASE 2;:@ ,, . ! .:i:./: I'I... . ; IF.:,:./:'::. , ., ,,.. ', ;: --.. ,..- -- - - .-.,. -,...,-.. --. . . ..,, . :t&l;,~&=>~ 13isagpravsd 18 months

LTaCHAU, Albert, 5 Yems 5 Yema

SWICm, Ludwig 2 yeas 2 years

ZX33I3, SO~L- e'riedrfeh Acquitted WSKheSm

EOWamICZ, Werner . 1 year 1 year 18 months

bath Death

2 yews kquftted Rc yews 4 years 5 2fe-s T yems a yeax b yeas 13 Y~EWS 13 yaaxs

Borng Rr, IJi s;".?lrn ECm, Lt, Paul. mmmm, L%, Bern3mrd.t 2 yeass 2 years 18 mnth 18 months 6 months 6 months Aequit%ed 1 yea 1 year &quit%ed L4,0,1'c~*. Death

Acquitted 90 years Acq.ri5t.eed -.- CASE 30, TRIAL1 DME PERPE2aTB 12-180% gSep46 COSDUm, Kml Go

%2-1812 17 Jm47 PETTEs &I& Death Life Pmm, Otto Life 20 years

18 Oat 46 tJT-$ ~ie@ri;d Life 30 yems Death ?&at h

2bF Jan 46 HIRS~HEIWUU,Walter Life rnrnIOR, $0- Lift3

13 Dec 46 WG, Wf -elm Lif t3 UCrnTS, Ot;%o 10 yeme I4uLcm, Rkr11 10 ysma l4KlXE3, T>~dwfg 15 yeam EmGm, Odk70 20 years WXn, ALberL Augwt 25 Y~=S

15 kt 46 MERZ, Ludxig Death 5 yaas MIEZ, .-7iln Dsa%h Life

LS.2 TJif o

2 8 10 Apr 11.6 ICEBKE, K9x-b 5 yeEl2-s 5 years Srxm"?, m>%o 12 y@ms a2 pars

22-1866 8 Apr k7 I,Lf s Disapproved Death 25 oars

Life Eifs

2 year, 6 moaa fine ' , lOOOM re?nlt's%d

Acquitted

Death bat,h

kquf%+,ad 2 months P year

A3x!mm, we.lheam 15 yesrs =.,Gaorg 15 years EICEEL, Bana Death PAY, Bernard 5 y@ma' m,Arthur. Baa3 GIRKE, Wf';z Dea*4h fCYJmW, Wiahelm Aeqnftted GOSS, %vfn m*ll Dsa%h HAMMmlky maipp 15 15 years BXUXHBROICH, ]Be- neath Death HCEEIXR, Milhelm Death Life KIWTT, " Joseph GTobm ha%h Death IMSAK, ~~fns 3 Yema .3 yeme MI-Y, Hef nrfch DebsIt;h , Life MOUER, Hermum math Life DaAHRGNQ, Pa1 5 YR='S 5 ygrPr'3 RAAF, Miehml Death Death sm, mt.0 4 yeerrs 4 yewe mk-, Earl &w Death Daath SJ'ROOJ?, Jmgen IbeLth DeaCh TCR"-, Bhrm &ath mgi. ::

SPO-, XQUGeorge Bath ZIEDUE€CsW&f er J~sephDeath 29 47 - EIEWJYSj Ad033 B!!.lU~,D8t~%h we, X~E%WW 5 Cm-, ~%DhwDea-bh FAFm, H- 5 ~833% $;ARC*EBR, Vi36h Bath- mP,U%dor Death nm,H- ~wdelizllk&h

I l!4ma&$mold? we mao3hu-t 2mqui%ted RAtfms, 20 PW8 Rt3mActm, Emf3 3 *=-s E544BIDEt, d m Death j4. mtww ' Heb%a%r W@ lfJaLamORranz 20 yemra

lh munth63 ., p 3A MW-k7 &Wd8 Gear8 Wbmt. 9 1 par 1 year -, La- K' *@as 4 p9- 28 patxi \

As A?PRm BYI3lmmmG EmmXRmo~s' sl@rl~~lcEs mama

mn, Carl 1 yeax RgmfEJCZER* man2 1 ye=' 3 ye= RWEE3, Alfred 1 year 1 year

Sm,Pd Wllheln Acquitted

m,He-ieh 10 pare 10 ye- EllmxmG, Otto Pad 3 YWf4 3se-s . =, .Gem Life Llf@ v-, WIU31m 10 yetars a0 years

Ir-22!36 & 18 Jl;m 46 5-66

l.2-2261. 16 my 46 ZABIEH, ' Matthiae 15 years Diesppmmd (- d-2270 22 Oat 46 mm-, 1preni 18 manthe 18 -%her KLUS, Peter 2 yea;ra 2 ,~wmrs SCENEIPW, Peter i:,; y~:.:,.: 2,;- blOU, Albert 2'r muat;he 22 mathe ZIMMER, Jskob 8 m.mths 8 months Death lbath bath &ath

3 Jan 10 3Wrn6 10 y@aXs _ a -" 6 47 B.m~,lbk1 12-2337 30 Jm 47 Rlman, Alwh hath math

SCHLICIWIT, Emln gar1 7 years aetJ3rid.l

l2-2404 17 Oct k7 ECgSTEIdl, Georg Death . DeJ I:. mAMEIER, ErPst Death &at h STIM:GEX, Fritz Life Lee, S.l!URM, Jobmn Death Death TDB%EEWE, Triedrich Acquitted

12-2409 22 Sep 47

NIlEEUX8, Albert We Idf@ Death Death Death Death Death Life

BACKO Peter Death Death ag~bq47 X=,JO- ~~~~ittijd ma-8 ' - Death ha-& Q T O ~ m, 4@= , bqattea m-8 ~ifm Life mbo3- . . 1m86~1&~~,'MBS ha*h Life 'c)laEmW*w 10 yems Bisapp-wed ET~J~RR,bat*- k~pi**~a RucmKWg ~tark~ 7 Meapgrovsd -8 mat3 IJf@ Llire

3 J& 47 , 13im5mEH1DUf Ue 10 pma. , L~,J.BB 43mY?f'iiiaT,&ax &Ian0 -8%h - &&%It ,He%mrfeh 10 w e 10 yeere lIlalmm, Joe& Aaquft%ed: pdK!3R, P"rf@dsfsh 10 pq~ 10 years

12-3121 rm AW 47 m8wiwh neath g&h6) IuulER, Bblir CASE HO. TRIAL DATE EEEEEIRATCIRS i3ktEJmcES

10 Oat 47 'BXWW'l, Georg 2 years BAUMW, Heiprioh Death Bum, *ane 10 yeaxa m,rnmeFt Death -, Osvald Death HAMMER, Albert Deatlh WS, Kurt Death lllmhma, Klml 3 Ye=s Hllzcmm9 Otto Death l3tGxmm, Ala&ese bath SCEUUE, Rlohard ' Death

Aoqdtted 25 yesre Life Acquitted 3 Yews 14 Apr 47 COlVRAb, Oewald 20 yeme 20 yeQ;re . lllEGER, K& Life Life F3lLRaIICR, Wald- Life Life HAUENSCHILD, Harry 20 yeare 20 yearE9 34uaTa3,' Erioh 20 yema 20 yemar Sm-, -1 Life Life sCEOEERTo A-t 20 years 20 yesre

12-325 16May47 SitOLZ, Otto Hermrrrm Death Death

om- 2'7 Aug 4'7 HIXI~WZI, wibh ~cpulttea PATmAI9- POSPL, Josef Acquitted 2

(. OOQ- 3 Wov 47 JACKOBS, Ernat Emil 15 years 15 yeaxe BucEEl!lwALD- 3 000- 17 Sep 47 HOIWMATloAUred Aadreas 5 yeera 5 years 331J-M9 4

000- 15 Sep 47 MUEWER, Joeef Death Life

3JJBRWD-.A-5. .., .;"

000- 24 Oct 47 BIZME, Helm Death i; yews , BTJ(3xENuALD- 1 7 221

2 ..- OC4t 47 mE, HeSlgt.Jlah Death . *

6 HW BCa BIIEn%o -%a ' , . 10 hare mxxp YWele 10 pars

28 Oat 47 I&lmmma, Blfw a 7 pea

13 oC,% b3 JxmEmwmO~~ Death

Q68-~AZD-, 20 Iov &7 WT7;=, A5517 _k$ y@W8 k* YOWe %o

K@-~- 19 No8 47 SCJEWM, Jose L%fe Disapproved $1 000-~0mh-50 3 Dw 47 EEEGEl, Werner Ufe AUred mmm, HeImuth Acquitted E'riedrloh , ERE~TSIZR,Toeef 15 years DITI'HL~U, H .rst Llfe HIX;BERGER, WSagand 20 years MOECm, .&rbert 20 years

-000-MmU-1 14 Ax 47 -, Max Ufe I 20 yeare, ~IXGLbTAGZER,h%onDeath Life

OOC-Urn-2 18 Sep 47 SCHNLfD, &baati- We '20pars

OOE-P-Gl l2 Jwz 47 -, Gear6 Acquitted

900-F-2 13 Ju~47 WODAICO We~lzel W~lth bath

;Cst%-FIn-7 19 Sep 47 S-$R,Rudolf Death Death OOC-F-8 13 &t 47 BRiWER, Joaef Death math

000-P-G-10 21 Oct k7 AlrEEWD, Maz bath Life

OQ9--11 29 bt 47 GOIJNAW: Fe :.;.,- Death Death ooo-m-12 a3 n~ 47 -mum, EW~ hqdtt~d Of20-F~~=-L53 Oct 47 STRAW, Jullw Bath Dearth

W-P"-16 29 Oct h7 U;PGZ, Friedrich Aeqnltted Christian c;s0-~-~8 29 ~ct47 Z-, W~IL ~eath lkie~th

000---I 2 Apr 47 Em, Xduard Life LUs

OW--4 19 May 47 BLOY,C4&raterv Herrrmrn Life Life @ole

OW---4 22 Apr 47 MMASCHKE, hold Dearth Dieapprolr@d CAS'P, NO, TRf& WE1 A QR9._ ----sB?T-~~!E~~S c=--===- _-=--

OOO-M?F:BA~,=lB 24 Apr 47 Wfah@h 30 years 18 years

Bath

Blixmm, *it2 bath . Emz, Pe%m mf'e Lzt'S BcllnTam, 3Pranz magh &a%h rlEGELW, lh-f$z De&h 10 yeas0 EX-, EX-, Dga%h mth Be-, Be-, BIaw Ilftr& Dl-, Nath we B X ~ Joha9p~ Death, Death %p%%at 3-imaaSDAnton Death %'9+,h XmEKOSyBvester Death 1; 7W8 Fm-, mtcr bath 3eaCh mtla'm, fib222 10 yeaxe 10 para H-, H-, YrPtz ' Dea%B Death we JAROIoAe, Jose& Death Bath $IsJohann Deakh math JaERI?, Si.lacm. Dmth Death KIEBCH, doham Deetth Death - XBOKL~ a~istd Death rba%h ERAHER, AUkedl ha%h Death- Uc\f'.:.!XA,GTWater Death Death LO 1 -, & LO p&s years LmMa, Arm Dsath Death 4 As BPPROl?ED BY- CASE IJO, TRIAL WE BUTHCIRny

MILBL, Emil Erwin Death 3.0 yews MOI;Td, Otto Death WatB EJ-, EJ-, Eggelber bath bath PUHR, FridoUrr. Death 20 part3 RElXiITZ, Miuhael Death Dasath l'riedrieh hath Dea%h Sam,Xlaw Bath , Death SCHm, Johann 10 year8 5 'yeers SCHQlW2L, Vinzenz bath Ba$h . s-, Otto Death 22 ~SWB SBTSS, Joeef Death Ilis&h mL'!rROP, Rudou Dearth Death TRUPBL, WlZ.he~la Death ba@h m,p1.rmz Death DsarBh WB,Uillleh Deat,h math u3EIss, xarbio, Death Death l?Jmrm, WffiellR bath hath mzEL, Frfsdrioh bath 10 pare w-, w-, winebm hath 20 y@azs OLJ-50-2-1 18 Oot 46 ADAMI, gar1 6 mon-bbs BAETrn, AdoE 6 m%b BAYJm, F~QPZ 6 mntb INmsCH, Jo-f" 3 pars DEPmm, hilreapl 6 moathe -3 30 m%her s-, s-, ktan Dfeap~md SCHOIE, Alfred 2 pare BARZEW, Job- -$ berg BfBIIW, Jcmef BIEI.2, J~ha BERHEEIII, Joe& LALEER, Frau RPXHESIEE(, Paul H- f31mmsm9Ewbert

-9- 3 Yeare BINDER, Marbin 3 P=e DBKIXE, d&ob 4s ydara GARmI, Frw 3 ye=e GIZRLING# Johana 4 years Jm, Otto 5 Yema BH;t;lER, I1Prumz 3 yeme om,HilhelPs Acquitted . -

M Mmm , - . BY EWIEi?perS ,m sla"EEBim Am- -=-.--.-CABE B'C a g-.&&JEE ~~rt;~?:,-2-4 24 mt &6 xm~~m,--~bow 18 18 plr#atha -0 =Tim f!,.~ltol~theD1sapps:o~~b. ;Dm-, Mfohael 2 pare 2 para I3EuE2, J0etdb;tD 2 yearre 2 yam H w m E i Joslef 2 yewe 2 gears , JE3[9Et doerof' 18 mathe 18 ~~ &ma9kclbar 18 wths 28 -the l&mL4mP 118 maatha 18 month ' m~qo-2-5

, %.,

OW-gQl-2-6 n 00% 46 4JOB& 2 yesre 29- , m,VQU & per8 25 &he l!xm~$ma e pms y~)s;far liEm%l;J m 2 Y@m 2 yewe wO.mplra 2 pare 2 ma= am, 2 pm13 2 -6 -, wiw- 10 18 mntb I ~~5QPg9-7 q 00% 46 BQS~xtad.oW r 5~49-a 3 -..A@% kqatt@d t ixX!aZo Gb)mg T Y@-8 5 -6 , @RmdRsm bquAt%ed 2 YeJ@am 2 pare hqatha 2 pare 2 P- / ' ABqU2tttad 18 ~&b1.8 dhe 18 ~r&a%b 18 -the hg?,l%%t@d J=lRmnm, MOW bqn%.h..tsd cul!wxwPmto 18 -the 18 &he G?~m%m, fib- 18 m%b18 nbon%b ow-go-e;g ECHCWPC$ BEUK, $r- AOQU~B~~L mm, EaaMl 2 yeerrs 2 y@am EREGE, aoee Pase 2 yeasm ambo ma-x AGqnit%ed l!l~~m~,oh- A~gd$tea arb 2arceasa 2 y@m %%@fan 2 Mssrpgormd mmDR- 2 pass 2- CASE NO. TRIAL WE I?EWm!WORS

000-50-2-10 30 oct 46 23mwXR, WiLheh 18 months 18 months GIGEURDT, Robert 18 months 18 months cT?uEINER, Josef 18 mon-khs 18 months WSrnH, Otto 18 months I8 months ICIRSCHRAIJM, Wendel 18 months 18 aonth~ KORFF, Alfred Rudolf 18 months Dl sapproved UEIJTmm, Hugo 18 months Disapproved GOMBIlOTO, Josef 2 yeaxi? HAmm, Auto?& years JAUCH, Michael Acquit+,ed WZIAN, GBorg 2 years 2 yeaxs KOBELg Jo~e-~ 3 Yema 3 Y@='S THOI~L~;T;L:::, es osef Acquitted LXk2ij $r&fiErich 2 years

MUELWER, Andreas 20 months 20 raonthu MUE-> Otto Kasl 2 years 2 years PMZER, Reinhold 2 years 2 years PEZWU~,Georg 2 yeas 2 yeaxs ROHMER, WiUelm Acquitted SCHROEFL, Hem 15 years * yeaxs XOTTMAIPI, Ludwig q pars 18 yems SCHCJSTE;Tm, Franz 12 years 12 years '

FRAEKZL, Emst 19 months 19 months NA-E!, Gustav 2 yews 2 years OBERMErn, WiLheh 2 yema 2 yf?€lxs PENZEL, Kurt 21 mm%hs 2b months SfXfi?L'TEI;E, Jacob 2 years 2 years S(XIJUR, Rrisdrich Acquitted SWmZ, Stefan 3 Yeas .3 years SELZER, Walter 2 yews 2 yews - AU, Jacob 2$ y@ms * years ELGEKI, Gustav 18 months 2.8 months FLORIAN, Georg 18 mon-hhs 18 month HLAWATY, m1 2 yeas 2 $ems HuECm, Robert 2 years 2 years NEUFE%RT, Johann 18 months 18 months lJBBX3DZIG, August 2 years 2 yeaxs

000-50-2-15 14 Nov 46 HELEER, Johm Albin Acquitt,ad EIXFZHA, Willy .- 8 years 8 yeaxs HUH., Mathim 9 yeas 2 yeas /. ISERLIS, Boris :; ,: -!3ms 8 years ICP;RLSL7ETTERJ Georg ~o'iuitted mZL, Josef 3 Y@=a Dlsapproved LA.IJX, Wilheh 5 Yeas 2$ yeaxs . L I 2 yeat3 '2years 2 years 2 years A~gat;*~a 18 months 2 ;paSara 18 mmth43 hquitt;sd I -.. 20 y@ms 20 yema

2 ysae ~qxL~%lbsd 2& y@ms 2 yewe .k~.kJ+Jha3 PY;

2 yeme 2 pax8 2 pwe a13 ~B$B~%~B 18 mmkh~ 18 nbn%.ha 2 psce

~q~*tsd 2 yeare 2# [email protected] * pare 2 ymre 2 para 2 +?dm

2 pars hgu%%%ed 2 r@mB 2 y@wa 2 [email protected] 2 ys*s ' 21 mn%Sas

25 ye%ra rnat3.l I%at% 15 years bath CASE NO, TRIAL DATE .PERPEL'RATORS SEXCEZVCXS AUTHORITY Life if e

000-50-2-25 11 Dec 46 WE=, Anton 18 years 16 yeass WOE?, Josef 20 yeaxs 20 years

000-50-2-26 'j Dec 46 BED3iXS2 Bl,:~tAugust 2 years BWCFISCmIIIII Albert 2 yeas BOSCIFI, Josef 2 yeaxs GAIL, Yart in 2 years GRASSB ,, Stefan 3 TT4rn9 CJ HACK, Jobm 2 years HIND, Rudolf years HUED?, Joseph 2 yeaxs JEIIIlWiK9 Fdaeoij Z$ yeaxs JmG, Alfred

000-50-2-27 9 Dee 46 131DTNECa3 Fmin Acquitted I-. I-. Aaolf Acquitted rind, Joaef Acquit , . bATiDMLJ3, Friedrfch 20 months Lj: months LAPOS, Josef 2 years 2 years UICEt, Ot%o 2 yews 2 years

OOQ-3O-22--28 3.0 bc 4.6 FLEISCHE3, Stefan 20 months 20 months KEINRICH, Reinhold Acquitted BeAhold MAGHOLD, Willy Acqui$t '7 :I MAERZWEIL;ER, Jakob 2 yews 2 years Mm.Jesef Acquitted MAREIN; Anton 2 yeass 2 yems ~~, Walter Otto 20 months Disapproved ME?ZIRGER, J021ann 18 months 18 months MITHEIS2 Ma%hias 2 years 2 yews

000-50-5 22 17 Dec 46 MOELJXR, Waldemar 20 months Disayproved NALEPINSKI, &'trLn A~quStgt~d NEVGEBORIJ, Friedrich 20 months 20 months -, Ot.to 21 months 21 months NmlANN, Alois Acqu-itted NOW, Alfred 21 months 21 months OELZE, Otto 20 months 20 months t: _'ED,RZehard 21 mont,hs 21 months PX15, O~wald.E, Acquiti;ed

000-50-2-30 11 Dec 46 IJOSSEK, Alois Josef Z$years years PFATLER,' Josef 21 months 21 mon%h$ PflILnP, J1'3hEl3Jl 21 months 21 months PIC-, Adobf 2$ yeaxs 2$ ysms P2X'TER, Michael 21 months 21 months PWNX>Alfred 21 months 21 months 'PRmSWmm, Johannes years 2$ yeass FUKCEICE, Paul. Alfred 21 months 21 months SCHUU, Erwin AUred 21 monkhs 21. months 229

CASE NO, TRIAL DATE PWEZ'RATORS

000-50-2-37 20 Dec 46 SCHMIIX, Walter 2 years ' 2 years SCHWESIG, Johann 20 months 20 months STRAUBINGER, August 21 months 21 months STRAUSS, WiUelm 21 montha Disapproved THEISSL, Friedrich 2 yeaxe 2 yeas T-, T-, Michael 21 months 21 month T IRSCHEL, Ludwig 22 months 22 months

BEsm, -1 3 yema 2$ years DIEEHEI, Xawr 9 montha 9 months EBERf, Gustav 21 months 21 months FRomm, Hemnazln 3 ye='s 3 yeaxa HEGGER, Max 22 years & years BEmm, Georg 21 months 21 months BEIN, Leo 21 months 21 months IXXiICSEK, Alfred 21 months 21 months

OREND, Friedrich . 2 years 2 yemE ?, PANXE, Julius 2 years 2 $ems RmH, borg 2 years 2 years mTSSEIll, Ilay.1 20 months 20 monthEl SCHMEIDL, Franz 2 years 2 years SCERE~,Franz 20 months 20 montha SP~~G,Martin 2 yaaxs 2 years

2 years 2 years 23 months 23 montha 20 months 20 months 2 years 2 years 20 months 20 months 22 montha 22 months 23 montha 23 months 2 yews 2 years 21 montha 21 months mcwm, Hem 20 months 20 months EECK, Wtlob 20 months 20 months van. -, Georg 2$ yeaxs & years HOFFMWBJ, kddt,er 2 yews 2 yews HOREEL, Kwt Gustav 20 months 20 months rnTMANN? Otto 20 months 20 months Z ~ Friedrich~ 2 yems, 2 yema

ZISCH, Hezmami Death

12 years

000-50-2-44 10 Jan 47 BDRKAET, Josef' Acquitt e 1 DOEMlER, Franz Acquitted EImGER, Thomaa Acquitted GANGEL, Karl Acquitted SmS, Amold Acquitted 231 AS APPROVED BY EEVlEWING CASE ~0, TRIALDATE I?zRE'mRATm E3mCENCES AZRfHORlTY

000-50-2-46 4 Jan 47 CARL, Ludwig Phf lip Acquitted DAUB, ~obertHU~O & pax& + yems DJERIH, Alexander 6 yeass 4 yeas

mIPI, Josef ' Acquit-tied FBCHBACH, Helnrioh . Acquit+,ed

imIEEP, $ohm ' Acquitted HE?JKEL, ~riedrich 3 years 3 Yews mMM, manz 20 moatha Disapproved 000-50-2-47 10 Jan 47 GIXEBX~,Josef Acquitted IxAxm, Max Acquitted HE€U?F, WSUelm Acquitted JOKEWEZ, Edwd Acquitted JOSIGER, Willi Acquitted P3lEWZR, Robert Acquitted KW,Anton Acquitted 3EIEUT;ER, Wilheh Acquitted IOXK, Johanaes Acqcttted

000-50-2-48 8 Jm 47 mGE, ICm 21. months 21 months . KfXBER, Jakob '20 months 20 monkha MATT.EKOWESCH, Peter 20 months 20 mmths . NlDIEEZ, Friedrich 21 months 21 months PP,ITL, Frmz 21 months 21 months mTEIF6imj WiLbelm 21 months 21 months SCHEBESCH, Ewald 20 months 20 months SEECZ, Xaver 21 months 21 months &-50-2-49 9 Jan b7 FOREPER, Vdell.&in 21 montb 21 months NAZEL, Gustav 21 rnontu 21 months HEIEXlUET, Xaver 22 m~nthe 22 montlas Smm,Oskax 21 month 21months EEEm, Wilhelm 21 months 21 months ' WACHlB, Erish 21 months 21 months . . WAL3!ER, Wllhelm 30 months 30 months wElJXR, &ie&ich 21 month8 21 months 000-50-2-50 15 Jan 47 BOOS, Robert &%on . 30 months 30 matha BUECHfd, Albert . 21 months 21 mmtha BUSCH, Miohas1 6 months 6 months DYE&, Walter Josef Acquitted

000-50-2-51 13 $89 47 W39dWs Ferdinand 21 mor 5hs 21 months -, AdoU 30 months 30 mahs KOIQQRIIH, DazlleL 21 wntb 21 months I

000-30-2-52 14 Ja47 ' SC htan 20 months 20 xqaths Smy& Acquitted STRAUSS,mt . 20 months. 20 months mm,Eermann Acquitted 232 AS AFTROVED EY REVIEWING CASE NO, TRIAL ME PERPETRATORS sENTnVCES AUTHORnY

OOQ-50-2-53 20 Jm 47 KUWER, Gottfried Adam 20 years 20 years

21 Jan 47 KOCE, Stefan Acquitted IaJlmnm, rnl August Acquitted Kum, Johauzl Acquitted LOmRMAmR, Frmz Acquitter? MARI(S, Emf1 Acquitted m, ErmElt Acquitted bO Feb 47 HESKE, Fritz Pm,Johm

000-50-2-58 25 ~eb47 &IOU?, ~ohz~nn Acquitted

008-50-2-39 9 Apr 47 HERRLOSS; Otto Acquitted

000-50-2-60 bl Mar 47 EREE, Joseph Peter 10 years 10 yeass S-Z, Karl. 10 yeass 10 yeara

000-50-2-61 7 MEW 47 C-GD Bsrma~m 3 yeaxs 3 yems HOS-, Richard 3 years 3 yews

000-50-2-62 6 &W 43 P ~ ~illf~ , Death - Death PJIZE~,Wt Wdhr 2 yeme 2 years JOREWlTZ, Jos~f Life Life Upgm, Alberb AcquZtted S m , l&xr-tfle Death Death

000-50-2-63 3 Fab 47 DEXJYSCH, Ludxig 5 years 5 yeetra ~ R O E S Herbert~ ~ 10, yeam 10 yema ooo-50-2-a 5 ~eb47 DEER, ~ife LU~

000-50-82-65 U Feb 47 DEFFlEX, kwg 3 yema 3 years

00~-50-2-66 26 Feb 47 BB?,korg 10 yeaxs 2 years ICUSIIiZMiUN, Magnw Lif'e 20 yeas SWSmGW, Friedrich Life 30 yeam 6 000-50-2-67 24 Ma;r 47 H=, Omdd 2 yema 2 yeass REXJTER, Ernat 3 yema 3 jieass l3ri"Im, Zdga 7 yems 5 yeam mT, Hafnrf ch b 13. years 5 years 000-50-2-68 5 MEC 47 ~~,Jo~ef 3 PaJrS 3 70-a Hrn.rnsW, JOBef 14 months 14 months HOIZKLEBT, Otto Heinrich 3$ yema 34 years ~OWSEI16,BFMO q years q years RAUSCE, Karl Christian + years * years Bmm, Hem 2 yems 2 years < 1

AS APPRom BY RE'VIEWIXG CASE NO. TRIAL DATZ PERP~~ORS SEN'J3NCES AUI'HORITY

000-50-2-69 3 w 47 UEIXZHCEFP~,~ulius ~ife Life 000-50-2-70 3 Mar 47 XREBERB Mathia Joaef 11 yeaxa 11 yeass Peter KUUIIC, Johann (also 5 years 5 Yema 'laam as KEasSF;, ~oham) ooc-50-2-72 1.7 MIW 47 EKEEB, 2 years 2 years MUELLZZ, Augnst 10 yema LO years Frisdrieh SCECESSL, Georg Acquitted WUEU%EV, Bans 5 Years, 2$ yems

000-50-2-73 6 Mar 47 ~~,(Jlssef . Death Death

HAEUSSLEZ3, Joaef 3 Yema 3 P=-a PIGHbjlER, RUdoU 2 year0 2 yews MI-, Otto ICarl 2 yeasa 2 yeaxs

EECm, Wflhelm Ilarl Acquitted EIm, Anton 5 Yewe RUHKEE, August Richard Death

BRTJHOW, Branz 5 Yews mm, ~udo~Wetlter 8 yews &ieh iXZUAL, Albert 10 years

OQO-5a-2-78 28 W 47 ATEWEB, JOB& Death Death

Q ~Q€)-~0-2-~~13 May 47 SOEZEBV, Engelbed Life Life

000-50-2-83 5 May 47 EEXRX, Jon 4 years 2 yeaxs ICWOCHE, Oskar 4 yeaxs 2 years 000-50-2-84 g my 47 GREIL, w~h~l 4 years 4 yeass HAIST, Christian 5 Yews 5 Ye=s m@HEN, Bermenul 3 Yews 3 HOImRBAm, Karl 3,w- 2$ years JAEDSCH, Bruro 22 Yeass % $ems Death Life AS APPROVED BY Rl'nmwING CASE NO, TRIAL WE .- PROESCHL, Franz BRADIm, Fritz

Fmm, Nikolaue 5 yea3.a 5 Yeme EtlPm, Karl 3 Yews 3 Ye=s m-, Meur 6 years 6 years MUELI;ER, Josef 3 Ye=s 3 Yema REJcH2 Kurt 3 Yeass 3 Yeas Acquitted

FXZG, Christian 5 yems 5 years ~ Z Wilhelm~ , 10 years 10 yema

EkSEEES: Nikolaus Death Death KRECE, Stsfan Death Death

000-50-2-91 29 May 47 MEXER, Leonhasd Lif'e Life

WE, Nikolaus 3 years 3 years S-, S-, Joha~~les 5 yeas 5 yeaxs

BERDII,, 20 yems 20 yews

JUTL'KOU, doha 3 yews 3 yeaxs =EB, RubW 3 years 3 yema M-UmimXW, -Uois 6 yeaxs 6 yeas STOU, At?- ..?atWi3,helm 4 years 4 yeas

Bmm, Anton Death Dieapproved

ECQEM, F"rmz 5 yeam 5 yeass mm, Kmt 20 years 5 yeaxe LOBZENSIlg, Georg 10 years 5 yeaxs 13J31SS3 J0har.m 5 yesrEl 5 yet5xs sm, h*sw 20 yema 10 years WIOKLEgQ, Ernest 10 yeare 5 yews WO~~X,Julius 5 Yema 5 yeass mm, WilhelrIl 5 years 3 yeass MOWEL, Albert Rudolf 11 years 5 yeaxs MORITZ, Wi2heI.m Acquitted Mom, Ham3 15 yeara 10 yems PABSITZ, JuEiua 15 3 yems CASE no. TRIAL WE PJGPETRATORS oontinued S@HNEUXER,mitz 10 pare S(XlBXCER, Hubert 5 Years SENGENBEGEZ, Haorr Nikol 5 Yeas SrnTE, H&qu 5 Yeme

17Jun47 -,Am% 26 months 26 months ~ KRAUS, Alfred 15 years 15 yea'ss ymmq Karl Ham 5 Years 5 ye&Irs ..

9 S~P47 KAEEIPER, Johann Ltte IDT~ORST,Josef 3 yema Gerhmd MURLASCHDZ, Johann 10 years

11 Dec 47 BRA!XTEL, Rudolf Aoquitted AMbsrt zm-, K8xl Acquitted 31 Jul 47 IJlTWWN, Kaxl Augwt Life Life S-, S-, Rudolf 28 months 28 months

000-50-2-105 22 Aug 47 S'TUTZ Z.*m,Theodore Llfe Life

10 years 10 pars Acquitted

IELIXR, Christian Georg Acquitted s-, s-, Otto Acquitted

20 years . 20 years

BERSmIB, J0ham-m~ 15 years 15 yews mix, b9flhelm 15 PEWS 15 yema BCSCE, Jakob Peter Aoquitted rmEsomsm, Iww 5 Yema 5 Pars m-, Emil 5 years 5 years IZXKER, Hewich 5 Pars 5 Yeas Pmm, Fra.nz 1 15 yeme 15 years S-GEL, Franz Acquitted

00Q-50-2-U0 15 Sep 47 lBlbBLE, Joeef Death Death

000-30-2-~1a 26 JU~47 m~sm,~ottlob 5 yeam Disapproved 000-50-2-112 15 Jul 47 Em-, Johan~ Life Life NEUBm, Frapz Life Lffe RIENEt, Josef Acquitted suEsS, wiaelnl 15 yeme 15 years Tw,Johm 4 yeaxs 4 yeaxs UNRECEF, JaseR Life Life VWL, Miehaal Life Life > AS APPROVED BY REXUWING CASE NO, TRIAL PERPETRATORS SENTENCES AWHORITY

KOENIG, JO~= ~ife 25 yeas EDIjZ, Rr'f 20 yeaxe 20 yeme PAmS, ~Y'L~B~PHerman 5 yews 5 yews S m , Artur 20 yeaxs 5 years S ~ Karl Heinrlch~ Life, Life

AI339glH, Ludw3g 10 yeus 13 yeas BFRGER, Josef Acquitted JEEG, Wifielm 4 years 4 yeaxs PABL, Robert Acquitted S-, S-, ~udwig 6 yews 6 years

BECK, Heinrich 3 yews 3 yems HUPFER, Stefan Acquitted ~~, Wendelin Acquitted ESIEL;ENZ, Frm Death Death

~HMRX,Ebxlstl Life Life

OOO-50-2-l2O 18 Aug 47 CETER2 Peter Death Life

000-50-2-121 23 Sep 47 SCH-, Georg Death Death

13 May 46 ALTBLDZSCH, Hans Death Death EURCZPLY Stefan Death Death BlXJX#&I:. Karl Death Life BI;EI, ~u(jwt bath Death BR'mING, Wf1U Death Death C-Y, Mi~11;: :1 Life Life DIEEa, Hma Death Death DCERR, Lud~~lg Death Life ARABEK, 0ti;o Death Death ECKEE, Wilu Death Death EI(BK!3ER, August Death Death E ~ Heinrich ~ Death ~ Death , RlTXESS, Fsiedrich Dsath Death FIEGL, hd~dfb Death Death FESCHOK3 Heinrich Death Death FmY, WIlQ Death Death GDEZ, Heinrich Death Life GOESSL, Georg Death Death GBAHN, Werrmer Death Death GR~MM~~o&mnes Death Death GRZPBOWSIII:, Ewbert Deatb. LUe GUETZLAFE1, PE~.:. Life Life HAEGER, HebXt?lbrr Death Death As aPPROVED BY CASF NOei TRIAL DATE F3BPETRATO~ SENTmcEs AUTHORITY

000-50-5 c~ntihaed HEGEWmm, Hans Death Dea+h HEI'aaL, wiuelm Death Death HO-, Walter Death Life HUBER, Branz Death Deat h JOBST, Willy Death Death KAI$ER, Paul Death Death u.,Anton Death Death KAEPIlY, Franz Death Death ICEILwnz, Kwt Dedh Death KLIMOWJTSCH, -par Death Death BBEBBAC3, Eduard Death Death KORGER, Viktor Death Life KREINDL, Gtmtav Death Death WPERl?, Ferdinand Death Life IEEB, Josef Death Death WDOU', Julius Death Death MACE Wifielm Deatl ' Life %-FcJosef Life Life IUESSNW, Etrich Death Death -, Enlj.1 Death Death IvRJELm, WiUelm Death Death MYHZAK, Rudolf Death Death NIEDERMAYER, Josef Death 3ath ROEEL, Vinzenz Dea*h C-3zt h PRlBYldt, Herman Death Path PRIEPTCJ 30-41il Death Death RnC-m,-$os&-, Death Death mBA, HLLvk Death Life SIGbRlJlD, Thomas Death Death SPmm,Hans Death Death STRrnEXI, Otto Bath Bath m-, Xizrl Death Death TRA.,b9opold Death Deatb Tm, hdreae Death Death WMICKY, ,Erf ah Death bath WOEPER, Wa9demar. Death Death zom, Vihrtor . Death Death mm,AdoW Death De&h

000-50-3-1 23 Junk7 BER~~,HEuIB Death DUDZIXSKI, Richard Death FELSCH, Friedrioh Life Frn, Ottm 20 yeaxs

-9 Acquitted mEe4:.m,Otto Death 20 yeass mSL, &win 10 years 3 RICWm, AUred LFfe Disapproved . SCHO~~,Karl Death Death SPIEI;BOFER, Josef Life 2 years SI'RENG, Karl Death Death ZINIC, Otto 10 years 4 years 238 AS APPROVED BY mEWJD3 TRIAL DATE l?ExmmaORS Em.rsm& AUrHORITP IWRA, Ermst Walter Acquitted HOLLRIEGL, Alois Death Death XRONER, Johann 20 yews 20 yems InlHmmr, Axred 3years 3years NI!TSCHIIE, Fritz 20 years 20 yeaxs SCllMUTZI;ER, Kmt Death Death s-, s-, Otto 2 yeme 31 months 7 months SJmR, Ludwig %ath Died in hospit-a1

GRILL, WiLhelm Death HlEtWXG, Herbert Death HEISIG, Alfona Hugo Life JTJJXG, Johanza Wi1J.y Death SmTm, Erick Life TANDIXR, Oskar Bath

Gomz, mpar Life Life RTEBTHER, Fritz I(aJr1 25 yems 25 year8 KOPISCHKE, 0-t;t0 Life Life IBEBACHER, Gustav 20 years 20 yeass &EYER, Ernst Life Life

Acquitted 10 years 10 years

BIVZETBACH, Pa-& 3 Yeas IBISTIER, Paul 3 Yema lmm, 3EmS1. 10 yeaxs mIm, Hans 20 years Glmm, Max 10 years KOBICE3, Loth= 15 years ImEmR, Ma 20 years m.;Stefan MEIPI, MeLthaeus 20 yews smmm, Ot50 WE=, A;.bert 2 yeas g month

AUERSWALD, Wil1.i bath %ath FREYEOLtE, Ems 15 yeaxa 15 years FusrEN, He~~ln Bath Life HJWS, Otto Idtee 10 yeass EIom, Karl 5 $ems 5 years KUBDl, Werner Lif e 3 Yema SCH-, AlPTfn 10 yesss 10 years

FRIMIE, Matthias Death Death WKAN, Josef 20 years 20 years

239 AS APPROVED BY REVlmmG CASE NO, SENTENCES

' I

5 . 3 Pars HEI~J~,gasp= Acquitted LATSEl, Josef Life 10 yews oEE::iim,Alois 10 years 10 years PPAFE'H~~~,Christoph 10 years 10 years REICHERT, Ernst Life 12 years ROEIIW, Rudolf Acquitted STUMP3r, Heinrich 10 years 10 years V B , Heinz Mssltin , 3 years 3 Yews 000-50-5-11 1Jul 47 B.tWrn, Andrea~ 3 Years 3 Yews FITZIVW, Albert 10 yeme 5 yema HAUSEiECHT, Gert 3 yews 3 Pas JAn, Michael .,.9years 10 yems KLJ3J3, Rudolf Gtrstav hath Death RlX3MWT, Otto Richard 2 years 2 yeas MOHR, Adolf' 2 years 2 yems

000-50-5-12 11 Aug 47 ~OVAZBAZZI, Hans Death Life NITSZKOWSICI, Richard 10 years 3 Yeas PAJYHAHS, Alois 20 years lo years SCXAEFW, Robert 5 Yeas 5 P=s SCHMrrZ, The0 Death Death EVUECZ, Florian 30 pars 5 Yews WAGNER, Heimich Life Life WEF'EE3, Robert Acquitted wmm, bopold 10 yews

000-50-5-13 12 Sep 47 HAIlZR, John Life Life . . HIRSCH, Rudolph 10 yews 10 yews Ism, Matbus Acquitted KISCH, Josef Death bath FLTLU*;RIIF, Herbert Life Life STEmZ, Martin 7 Years 3 years mmcm, Daniel 7 Years 2 years USCHAREWHtSCH, Stefan 7 2 yews

3 sews 3 Yeas Depth Death Life Life 2& yews 2& yews 3 ye=s 3 Yems Fm,Paul Life Life Icomzm, Otto 10 years 10 years

BARNER, Waldemar , 15 years FIRSCHINC, Fraaz 3 Yeass GINTERS, Ludwig a yews HOWITTZ, wiaelm 5 Years AS APPROVED BY REVIEWIMC CASE NO. TRIAL ME PEKl?EJ!RATORS SEETENC?JS AUTHQRIftY

continued HUB, Emil Acquitted . m,ViHor 8 yews 8 years SOENS, Jacob 5 yeax8 5 yews lJJB?mm, Willi 3 ye=s, 3 y0-s BEEWBARIE, Theo Otto 10 yeass 10 years DOMIS, Johann 3 Years 3 Ye=s JUNG, Hans Clemew 5 YemS 5 Years Bmm, EWL 3 Years 3 Yeme IXIEPSCHER, Heinrich 3 Yems 3 Yews PURUCRER, Reinhard Death Death EEWSS, Xaver Life Life WAGNER, Fritz 5 re-8 5 Yema WLOltZKA, Ewdd Dea%h Death 000-50-5-19 26 l'iov 47 KJJBXEZ, Eduard 5 yews 5 years SCH[m, Karl 5 years 5 years

000-50-5-20 25 Sep 47 l3UXRGER, Life Life FlnSGHE, Heinrich Death 5 Yews KORSE!ZKt, Rene bath Death SEIDT;, Max Death Death ,zmmlSG, Albert bath Death

000-50-!j-21 9 Sep 47 lEUQllE, OX 3 years 3 yeaxs GEEBIG, WE Acquitted ICATm, dosef Acquitted IcLEmQmHER, Otto Der?la Life IMT-, Johans. Acquitted l4!XLUBC!EDS, Stefan 10 years 10 pars WOHLEm, C21ristian Death Death 000-50-5-22 24 Oct 47 AITTIS, Josef 5 years 5 yem~ RAEEEXVS, Peter Life Life BLOH, Josnf 30 yews 3 years DIEKER, A&m Acquitted

I !!SRIGL, Karl Life Life GRBtSCH, Johann Acquf tted HEEL, Pb.iXipp 25 yema 3 yews E3CRSmr-, Eknst 10 years 10 years MKEG"Ku"Rude-f 25 years 25 years PUsmZ, Mieha6l Peter 20 yeass 20 yema REINSDORET, Werner Life Lffe

000-50-5-23 21 Aug 47 BXJEL'~,HemHeinz 3 years 3 years FLP6TCHEl, Qairfn Death Death HEILER, Michael Death Death KOFR, Fra Death Death JJlamm, Stvfan Acquitted

2451

t t

AS APPROVED c&..ho :2Y REvlA?m 'TRIAL DA!l!'E: ZE8P~ORS SEEtENCES sPTHCBI3Y ... -. 000-50-5-23 continued =, Gustav Death Death RT%IT,ER, Arno Albert 2 years 2 para' " TEIEIEIANlg, EM1 Life Lffe I

000-50-5-24 5 Aug 47 IWEL, Jmef BE.CI(, Philipp Bm,Walter BOBROWSKI, Meuc DOERFm, Oscar Eduard Lorn Firnst ~JH~WAC~,Ed-& VOUXZR, Komad ZIRMER, Joham zxxmGm, HeIxIlan Q00-50-5-25 21 Jul 47 DQKDTGO, Febz 2 years Diserppr~ved lSKH-, Moi aes 20 years 20 years GOlKUGEBS, kdalecio Death Bath NABAS, Uuriano Life Life

QQQ-50-5-26 9 Sep 47 ART!, Eewm Ek~il 8 years 8 yema

000-50-5-27 , FLECK* Karl. Life Llfe GOEBEL, Remnhard 10 years a0 para I.clxm, Bap+J%st 6 yeass 6 yews KLAPEER, J0har-m Iwan Life Life me KO-, Max Life Idf MOGIZ, Biz1 Theodor 4 yeaxe 4 yeaxa PATOU, Ieopold Acquitted l?.!XE.m, mob Life Life PmIm, Paul Acquitted SEIDEL, ARois 3 year: mGm,

BQEET, Hana Dea-kh lhath , GUXZE, WKLi;er Emst Deatih Life HAASENGIER, Walter Kurt Death Life MIEU~,wi~elm Death Death I?rie&ich om, rn9hur 15 w=s 15 years ~ ~ B AZexm.derA , 3 3 %Z'? a De&h SCEUIJZI, hmz G~t~fried Life e

GAY, EanS% .Andrea Death Death m,Rudolf Death Death KKm, Erwb Gemg 20 yeaxe 20 yeaxe

ICA'hfPP, BJiUelm ~eath ' . Death Pmm, Mac Death Death saw, Hans Willi Death Death m t CASE NO, TRIAL IlATE PERPEl2RATORS

000-50-5-30 31 Oct 47 E"ERIVIKORN, Bedad Life Lire GUT-GER'Hubert Life Life Franz RESlEL, Willi Life Lire ~o3.z~~~-it2 15 ~~AVS15 years MOHR, Nikolaus 10 yema 10 yeaxs

12 Bug 47 GLAS, Wl Life Life mcBmER, ICurt Death Death PIIJ.~~~,Franz 30 yeaxs 30 ~~WEJ SWPEfEZKY, Anton 5 Yews 5 Yeme 9E2TER, Helmuth Death Death - 10 Oc% 47 GAEKCmEB, ICarl Life Life GLAS, Johann 20 years 20 yeass H0RC4CKA3 Karl Death Death SCHROEGI;ER, Karl Death Death VOIGHT, Otto Acquitted WIRTH, Soham 3 Yews 000-50-5-33 17 Sep 47 GGOECKNER, Emil 10 years 10 years SCHIIXING, Andreas Death Life S'2EM32Z3 Heinrich 5 yews 5 years

000-50-5-34 27 Oct 47 GOXXRRMlN, Horst . 5 yea3.s 5 years

000-50-5-37 6 Aug 47 ICURBEL, Friedrich Acquitted RAA;B, Hiltax Acquitted .

000-50-5-38 27 A-a@; 47 FRLSCH, Hubert Llf e Life MOCBEICHEZ, Josef 20 years 20 years SCBMm, Josef 20yems 20 yeas

000-50-5-39 12 Sep 47 SCHII;C,W, Johm 30 years 30 yeerrs

000-50-5-40 11 Sep 47 HOOs, Johann 25 years 25 yeaxe RICETEE?, Fabian Death Ileath

000-50-5-42 19 Sep 47 FOLEW, Joh- 10 years 10 years MADLlMAYR, Alois 15 yessa 15 Pm,Georg 20 yeass 20 yeas

000-50-5-43 26 Sep 47 PAVELA, Frau 25 years 25 years

000-50-5-44. 26 Sep 47 TEEMMEL, Paul Death Death

000-50-5-45 7 Oct 47 FUISLiq-IJ2:bl:arl , Death Death CASE NO. TRIAL DBE -=.-- PIEiTEt'WOB ----SEWXNCES -~;~maw'~

&%%h Lif a 10 papa 3 years &abh ba$B 15 p=a 15 Ib&%,h lni.950.J. I;$% e 2? 'ITSELYi3 &ath Life Death Bath Death Life Deaf& Dsa%,h T.at,h Death Llf .cj 13 y9axs matl%a ba%h Life 4 yews %a%h &aP,h Da8f S% Death bath bath %a-Bh 20 yema 20 ywra 20 pars %a th R+a,%k Dc33?>h b,%th Dsa%$ LZa Das,%h LWa Daat h ba%h De;s.%h brxt;h ha.th LWe Life 20 yews CASE NO, TRIAL DA!L'E PERPEEUU'ORS

000-50-37 continued BlIEHRTNG, Elm31 Otto Life ~~, HeinzGeorg 7yema Alfred l?UCHSLOa, Josef Acquitted HEmICH, Kurt Acquitts~l HELBIG, Oskas Georg 20 years JACOBI, Rudolf Life KT.LM, Jose% Life KOmIG, Georg Wilhelm Life ,hmCHEm, Paul 5 years MOES]%R,Hm Death RICEHEY, Georg Johm.8~Acquitted SCHMID2, Heimieh Acquit,%ed SIMON, Wifieh Life TTJIRTCF, WaltJer 5 3-af.S .~JL!'IT?-'A, Richard 20 years ZWIE'LW, Wfl1i 25 years

000-50-46 22 Jan 47 RECKEBD Joaef 1year 1yeax BERGER, Frmz 3s years 3s years BLOMBERG, &mad Death Death BONGARTZ, Peter 15 years 15 yeara TflCR Wfu8hl Death Life I Jr:!.I--,. y ;ZG, Ludwig Life Life di2'iiarm, ~&1 Acquitted EXS13USCH, Ckistian Death Death F~TB~,August 15 years 15 YS~SS GEISBERGEZ,Jo- Life Life GEI;RR311TT8 Michasl Life LSf e GrnEW, m1 Acquitted Friedrich 890i.s GrnSrnL, Awt Death Dea-bh G-, Karl 10 years 10 yeEl.323 YADBOT;D, Gerhmd 20 years 20 years FRTSP,, (T34FPP bath Death E1ilR7, L~?cT Acquitted ,:,;.! 531>:i, Leor~ Acquitted JAKU~X~FH~ALO~B Ljtfe Life E!!ILrnG, -1 hath Life LIBDEKIOEans Johann 10 years 10 years LOSCH, Ednard 20 yeaxs 20 years WBOI, Ilarl Life Life W'ZKE, Gustap 10 years 10 years MAJJRER, Raymond 30 yeas 30 years MOHR, Christian Death Death MCTSSESEm, Erich Life Life mE'YE, Walter Paul 15 yeass 12 years AdoL-6 OLSCHEWSKI, Willi Death Death PACHEPJ, Eemm Life Life PAKLIC2ZK, Otto Life Life PE?Z, F;rich Life Ufa 243 20 yema hca-bh 20 ,yema LITR NEi ha?:1 !k ELtk 13 yews L3.f'a math I>? LI t9h

mC]!nB, mledri@B GXTS~fMR, (ACX~~ mTX?ns9m#ald. X.D!K, Otto SC'WZ, S%pp SCBtXTZ, Helm%cb

25 3%OXE3 25 years 3 y@aTs 8 TQWB AS APPXOrnD BY ~~G CASE NO, TRIAL Dm PERPl32WORS SENTENCES rnII0RliTY

000-50-136 13 May 47 AUER, Franz Death Death BA-, Karl Acquitted BAYH4, Wilheh 10 years 10 yeaxe ENG. JARLIP, Heinrich Life 25 yet~~ FLOCL~,Erika Death Life GICE3I;ED!ER, P$sl 20 years 20 yeaxa GIESrn, Hem Lffe 25 ~WS WTCHLING, Daniel 15 years 15 yeeure GRIESINCEER, Wilhelm 15 YSECS 15 rnGAs, Wizhelm Death Life OST-, Anton Acquitted SCEMIIXERGER, J&ob 20 yeaxe 20 yews SPWH, Eerbert Death Life SPERLING, Otto Death Life mwmm y7~8WAR 6RXMES GRO'TJI? EUfiOPUm C O W " APo4s'~ lk-be------

--_-RE<ESY @PPiIt!EEl!JS TOR (2 I~BJECT -- TiiEQJ~XPNCRDICATXC)ll OF RTJ%aC1).SgSSb~P~hSION -..-- REQEST ~~!PIETXGWI&TIN9F j..P:.UTJ AS XJX)I@AIFtD

IESGRI2TTO~-~DATE OF Bll?IX--_____-- PrAc3-.---,-.,----.------.-- ' 1 TABULATION BY NA'ITONS OF EXTRADITION REQUESTS AND THElR DISPOSITION

Country No. of No. of Cases Making Individuals Individuals Closed Request Requested Surrendered Administrativelp

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Denmark France Greece HWZ~~Y Italy Luxemburg Nether1ands Norway Poland Russia United Kingdom Yugodavia

TOTAL &U6 3914 4202 *Delivery of individuals in this column ma not effected for various reasons, including:

a, Clearance coltld not be granted b. Individuals could not be.located c. Requests covered individuals located in other zones

Mstribution of Surrendered Individuals Among Various United Nations

APPENDIX XXIV 249