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What Is the Nature of Good Government?
What is the Nature of Good Government? from Heaven and Hell by Emanuel Swedenborg A Unique Vision of the Afterlife The following pages contain a brief taste of heaven based on the visions of Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772), a Swedish sci- entist and mystic. They are taken from his best-known work, Heaven and Hell, orig- inally written and published in 1758 in Latin as De Coelo et Ejus Mirabilibus, et de Inferno, ex Auditis et Visis (Heaven and Its Wonders and Hell, Drawn from Things Heard and Seen). Heaven and Hell is a detailed descrip- tion of the afterlife based on Swedenborg’s personal experiences. The work includes discussions of what happens to us after we die, what it’s like to live in heaven (or in hell), and the nature of God and angels. Now celebrating its 250th anniversary, Heaven and Hell has been in print con- tinuously since its first publication, and it has been translated into twenty-three lan- guages. This translation was produced by George F. Dole for the New Century Edition of the Works of Emanuel Swe- denborg, published by the Swedenborg Foundation. The full translation includes an introduction by noted scholar Bern- hard Lang, extensive notes on the text, and other helpful references. This deluxe edition is available in hardcover and full- sized paperback; there is also a smaller Swedenborg Foundation portable edition without the introduction West Chester, Pennsylvania and endnotes. • www.swedenborg.com Forms of Government in Heaven Since heaven is differentiated into communities, and the larger communities consist of some hundreds of thousands of angels, and since all the people in a given community are involved in similar good but not in similar wisdom, it follows of necessity that there are forms of govern- ment. -
Politikens Drivfjäder-Erik Bodensten
Politikens drivfjäder Frihetstidens partiberättelser och den moralpolitiska logiken BODENSTEN, ERIK 2016 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): BODENSTEN, ERIK. (2016). Politikens drivfjäder: Frihetstidens partiberättelser och den moralpolitiska logiken. Lund University (Media-Tryck). Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 STUDIA HISTORICA LUNDENSIA STUDIA HISTORICA LUNDENSIA Politikens drivfjäder FRIHETSTIDENS PARTIBERÄTTELSER OCH DEN MORALPOLITISKA LOGIKEN Erik Bodensten Hur kan den moraliskt fördärvade och lättkorrumperade människan upprätta ett stabilt självstyre? Vilka medborgare är tillräckligt dygdiga för att anförtros styret? Och hur kan de skiljas från de korrumperade? Dessa frågor var av central politisk betydelse för den förmoderna människan. De satte också sin prägel på det politiska livet under frihetstiden, då kungamakten var kraftigt försvagad och då antalet politiska deltagare mångfaldigades. -
Reposs #19: Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690–1790
RePoSS: Research Publications on Science Studies RePoSS #19: Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690–1790 Helge Kragh August 2012 Centre for Science Studies, University of Aarhus, Denmark Research group: History and philosophy of science Please cite this work as: Helge Kragh (Aug. 2012). Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690–1790. RePoSS: Research Publications on Sci- ence Studies 19. Aarhus: Centre for Science Studies, University of Aarhus. url: http://www.css.au.dk/reposs. Copyright c Helge Kragh, 2012 1 Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690-1790 HELGE KRAGH 1 Introduction In the present context, the Scandinavian countries refer to two national or administrative units, the one being Denmark and the other Sweden. In the period here considered, largely the century from 1690 to 1790, ‘Denmark’ means really Denmark-Norway, for until 1814 Norway was part of the double monarchy ruled by the king and his government in Copenhagen. It should also be kept in mind that parts of what is today Germany, namely Schleswig-Holstein, belonged to the kingdom. However, as far as language and culture were concerned, these parts of southern Denmark were more German than Danish, and they played no important role in the scientific life of the kingdom. Sweden covered a much larger geographical area than it does today. The country had expanded greatly during the seventeenth century, when not only Finland but also parts of the Baltic area and northern Germany came under Swedish rule. About 1720, after the Great Northern War, Sweden lost most of its possessions, but the major part of Finland remained as part of the country until Centre for Science Studies, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark. -
Early Swedish Contributions to Geotechnical Engineering
Early Swedish Contributions to Geotechnical Engineering Massarsch, K.R. and Fellenius, B.H., 2012. Early Swedish Contributions to Geotechnical Engineering. ASCE GeoInstitute Geo-Congress, Oakland March 25-29, 2012, Full-scale Testing in Foundation Design, State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Reston, VA, M.H. Hussein, K.R. Massarsch, G.E. Likins, and R.D. Holtz, eds., Geotechnical Special Publication 227, pp. 239-256. 239 Early Swedish Contributions to Geotechnical Engineering K. Rainer Massarsch1) Dr.Sc. Bengt H. Fellenius2) P.Eng., Dr.Tech., M.ASCE 1) Geo Risk & Vibration Scandinavia AB, Ferievägen 25, SE 168 41 Bromma, Sweden. <[email protected]> 2) Consulting Engineer, 2475 Rothesay Avenue, Sidney, B.C., Canada, V8L 2B9. <[email protected]> ABSTRACT Geotechnical engineering in Sweden has a long tradition due to the presence of soft and sensitive clay deposits along lake and sea shores, where most settlements were established. As the country increasingly took on the difficult tasks of constructing harbors, canals, and foundations for roads and railways, novel foundation concepts had to be developed. The establishing of an interdisciplinary “Geotechnical Commission” in 1914 consisting of geologists and civil engineers with the task to study landslides and slope failures laid the foundation for modern geotechnical field and laboratory testing methods and began the key role of geotechnical engineering in Swedish civil engineering. A very important aspect is the spirit of close cooperation between practitioners, engineers, and scientists, manifested in the Swedish Geotechnical Institute and the Swedish Pile Commission. The Swedish geotechnical practice has a long history of important accomplishments by individual engineers. -
This Is the Published Version of a Chapter Published in Der Modelle Tugend 2.0: Digitale 3D- Rekonstr
http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a chapter published in Der Modelle Tugend 2.0: Digitale 3D- Rekonstruktion als virtueller Raum der architekturhistorischen Forschung. Citation for the original published chapter: Snickars, P. (2019) Metamodeling: 3D-(re)designing Polhem’s Laboratorium mechanicumn In: Piotr Kuroczyński, Mieke Pfarr-Harfst und Sander Münster (ed.), Der Modelle Tugend 2.0: Digitale 3D-Rekonstruktion als virtueller Raum der architekturhistorischen Forschung (pp. 509-528). Heidelberg: arthistoricum.net Computing in art and architecture https://doi.org/10.11588/arthistoricum.515 N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published chapter. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164711 Metamodeling — 3D - (re )designing Polhem’s Laboratorium mechanicumn 509 Der Modelle Tugend 2.0 → Kapitel 5 → Projekt-Portfolio Pelle Snickars V. Metamodeling — 3D-( re )designing Polhem’s Laboratorium mechanicumn → 3D visualisations, digital methods, Christopher Polhem, media modalities Based on selected parts of the collections at the Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology, the aim of the research project, Digital Models, is to explore the potential of digital technologies to reframe Swedish industrialisation and its stories about society, people and environments. This book chapter presents the work done with one model, the Swedish 18th century inventor Christopher Polhem’s so called mechanical alphabet. His small wooden models were once built to pedogogically illustrate different mechanical principles. At a time when heritage institutions are exploring how new digital technologies can broaden access to their collections, the chapter recounts the ways in which our project has tried to metamodel Polhem’s alphabet in different digital formats, especially in 3D. -
Polhems Huvudvärk David Dunér
Polhems huvudvärk David Dunér CHRISTOPHER POLHEM HAR BLIVIT MEST KÄND som tekniker och industripionjär, omtalad som ett tekniskt geni, en uppfinnarjocke, den svenska mekanikens fader, Nordens Arkimedes, den hyperboreiske Daidalos. Utmaningen är här att försöka visa att hans verkliga originalitet inte ligger främst i hans tekniska uppfinnarförmåga. En stor del av sin tid använde han nämligen till studier och spekulationer kring geologi, materiateori, nationalekonomi, näringslära, språkvetenskap, filosofi och pedagogik. Hans uppfinningar visar sig i många fall inte vara hans egna. Det är i ännu högre grad som tänkare man finner särlingen. Man skulle kunna kalla honom för en hemmatänka- re som kokade ihop sina egna tankar oberoende av vad andra tyckte och tänkte. Det finns en smittande fräckhet och humor som går utanför alla konventioner. Att tänka, sade han, kunde dock vara lika ansträngande som kroppsrörelser: »när man för myket tenker, blir hiernan öhm och wärkande, så och när man myket tenker på sådhana ting som man aldrig hafft före tillförende, blir hela kroppen matt och machtlöss». Om denna essä inte kan ge övertygande argument för Polhems originalitet, så kan den i vart fall göra läsaren en aning matt och maktlös av alla nya tankar om Polhem som denne inte tidigare har haft. Ett skäl till Polhems okonventionella tänkande kan vara hans oroliga bildnings- gång. Han var i stort sett autodidakt, saknade en grundlig bildning och kunde aldrig lära sig latin ordentligt. Kanske hade han till och med en släng av ordblindhet. Men på sätt och vis kan man se hans liv som lite av en klassisk framgångshistoria. För- utsättningarna var nämligen inte de bästa för en framgångsrik teknisk karriär. -
U. S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey
U. S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey PALEONTOLOGY OF THE LIVENGOOD QUADRANGLE, ALASKA by Florence R. Weber1 , Robert B. Blodgett?, Anita G. Harris2, and J. Thomas Dutro, Jr.3 1994 Open-File Report 94-215 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. *U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80586, Fairbanks, ALAS 99708 2U.S. Geological Survey, MS970 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 3U.S. Geological Survey, Room E-308, Museum of Natural History, MRC-137, Washington, DC 20560 INTRODUCTION ^ Despite the few systematic paleontologic studies on fossils from the Livengood quadrangle, faunal reports and lists are available in the literature as far back as the early 1900s for Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata in the quadrangle; Mertie (1937) provides the most detailed data. Other references with faunal information for various units and areas in the Livengood quadrangle include Martin (1926), Mertie (1917), Prindle (1908,1913), Prindle and Hess (1906), and Robinson (1983). This report includes all these older data with improved locality information and updated age assignments. Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossils from the Livengood quadrangle are generally poorly preserved because the rocks are tectonicaliy disrupted and sheared locally and have undergone at least lower greenschist fades metamorphism. The oldest recognized fossil, the trace fossil Oldhamia, occurs in olive-green slate of the -GZwg unit, but can only be recognized where cleavage and bedding are parallel, or nearly so. -
Der Modelle Tugend 2.0 → Kapitel 5 → Projekt-Portfolio Pelle Snickars V
Metamodeling — 3D - (re )designing Polhem’s Laboratorium mechanicumn 509 Der Modelle Tugend 2.0 → Kapitel 5 → Projekt-Portfolio Pelle Snickars V. Metamodeling — 3D-( re )designing Polhem’s Laboratorium mechanicumn → 3D visualisations, digital methods, Christopher Polhem, media modalities Based on selected parts of the collections at the Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology, the aim of the research project, Digital Models, is to explore the potential of digital technologies to reframe Swedish industrialisation and its stories about society, people and environments. This book chapter presents the work done with one model, the Swedish 18th century inventor Christopher Polhem’s so called mechanical alphabet. His small wooden models were once built to pedogogically illustrate different mechanical principles. At a time when heritage institutions are exploring how new digital technologies can broaden access to their collections, the chapter recounts the ways in which our project has tried to metamodel Polhem’s alphabet in different digital formats, especially in 3D. Which attributes of the models that are transferred and displayed is not an imperative trait of digitisation per se — only of one particular process. The chapter discusses three forms of 3D visualisations of Polhem’s alphabet executed in altered media modalities — provoking a confrontation between stupid scanning versus intelli- gent simulation. Situated at the intersection between digitising archives and visualising history, the chapter interrogates the specificity of digitisation, with the ultimate goal of developing a 3D methodology of relevance for the cultural heritage domain. Authority and material authenticity are its trade- marks. Yet, as this chapter will show, 3D visualisations will always cater ( in one way or the other ) to interpretation of museological objects selected for ( re ) presentation — even if institutions are totally explicit and open about their digital practises. -
The Naval City of Karlskrona - an Active and Vibrant World Heritage Site –
The Naval City of Karlskrona - an active and vibrant World Heritage Site – “Karlskrona is an exceptionally well preserved example of a European naval base, and although its design has been influenced by similar undertakings it has in turn acted as a model for comparable installations. Naval bases played an important part during the centuries when the strength of a nation’s navy was a decisive factor in European power politics, and of those that remain from this period Karlskrona is the most complete and well preserved”. The World Heritage Sites Committee, 1998 Foreword Contents In 1972 UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, ratified 6-7 THIS IS A W ORLD HERITAGE SITE - the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage with the HE AVAL ITY OF ARLSKRONA aim of protecting and preserving natural or cultural sites deemed to be of irreplaceable and T N C K universal value. The list of World Heritage Sites established under the terms of the Convention 8-13 THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND has been received with considerable interest by the international community and has greatly Why Karlskrona was established contributed to the strengthening of national cultural identity. Growth and expansion Models and ideals The Naval Town of Karlskrona was designated as a World Heritage Site in December 1998 and The af Chapman era is one of 12 such Sites that to date have been listed in Sweden. Karlskrona was considered of particular interest as the original layout of the town with its roots in the architectural ideals of 14–27 THE NAVAL BASE the baroque has been extremely well-preserved and for its remarkable dockyard and systems The naval dockyard and harbour of fortifications. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Unpublished Sources The Military Archives, Stockholm (Krigsarkivet, KrA) Artilleribok, Artilleriet. Laro-¨ och handbocker.¨ XVI:47. Benzelstierna, Jesper Albrecht, En dehl Hrr volontairers af Fortificationen examen pro anno 1737, Fortifikationen, Chefsexpeditionen, Examenshandlingar 1737, F2:1. Fyra stycken projecterofwer ¨ sluyser af tr¨a¨a wedh Trollh¨attan. Kungsboken 16:1. Journalerofwer ¨ arbetet p˚a dockan. ifr˚an den 2: ianuary 1717. till den 1: october 1720. d˚a entreprenaden begynttes, Militierakningar¨ 1717:1. Rappe, Niklas, Atta˚ b¨ocker om artilleriet, uti den moskovitiska f˚angenskapen sammandragna och till slut bragta, av generalmajor Niklas Rappe (1714), Artilleriet. Laro-¨ och handbocker,¨ XVI:18a–b. The Royal Library, Stockholm (Kungliga Biblioteket, KB) Bromell, Magnus von, Doctoris Magni Bromelii prælectiones privatæ in regnum minerale Upsaliæ habito in martio etc anno 1713, copy by J. Troilius, X 601. Buschenfelt, Samuel, Denaldre ¨ fadren Buschenfelts marchscheider Relation 1694. tilh¨orige Ritningar, L 70:54:2. Nordberg, Joran,¨ Anecdotes, eller Noter till kyrckoherdens doctor J¨oran Norbergs Historia, om konung Carl den XIIte, glorwyrdigst iaminnelse, ˚ wid censureringen uteslutne, D 809. Nordberg, Joran,¨ Anecdotes, eller Noter till kyrkioherdens doctor J¨oran Nordbergs Historia om konung Carl den XIIte, hwilka wid censureringen blifwit uteslutne, part one, D 812. Nordberg, Joran,¨ Kyrckoherden doctor J¨oran Nordbergs Anedoter til des Historia om konung Carl den XII. glorwordigst iaminnelse, ˚ hwilcka blifwit uteslutne wid censurerandet, D 814. Polhem, Christopher, Anteckningar och utkast r¨orande ett af honom uppfunnet ‘Universalspr˚ak’, :::, N 60. Polhem, Christopher, Filosofiska uppsatser, P 20:1–2. Polhem, Christopher, Mindre uppsatser och fragment i praktisk mekanik, X 267:1. Polhem, Christopher, Uppsatser i allm¨ant naturvetenskapligaamnen ¨ , X 517:1. -
Multiple Independent Inventions of a Non‐Functional Technology Combinatorial Descriptive Names in Botany, 1640‐1830
PEER‐REVIEWED Multiple Independent Inventions of a Non‐functional Technology Combinatorial Descriptive Names in Botany, 1640‐1830 Sara Scharf* Abstract Historians and sociologists of science usually discuss multiple independent inventions or discoveries in terms of priority disputes over successful inventions or discoveries. But what should we make of the multiple invention of a technology that not only gave rise to very few priority disputes, but never worked and was rejected by each inventor’s contemporaries as soon as it was made public? This paper examines seven such situations in the history of botany. I devote particular attention to the inventors’ cultural and educational backgrounds, focussing in particular on the scholastic education most of them shared, through which they would have become familiar with Llullian combinatorics and the mnemonic names used to distinguish syllogistic moods. I also examine their conceptions of the roles of nomenclature in botany, their assumptions about how memory works, their awareness of other similar efforts, and their contemporaries’ reactions to their proposals. I suggest that an evolutionary epistemology of invention may be the middle ground between the chaos of multiple paths suggested by many microhistories and the overly deterministic view that macrohistorical studies often present. Finally, I reflect on the impacts that a consideration of multiple independent inventions of failed technologies may have on current approaches to the history and sociology of science. Multiple discoveries of -
Sandrys Book Free
FREE SANDRYS BOOK PDF Tamora Pierce | 252 pages | 01 Sep 1999 | Perfection Learning | 9780780799509 | English | United States Sandry's Book - Wikipedia Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Sandrys Book to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Sandrys Book Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Preview — Sandry's Book by Tamora Pierce. With her gift of weaving silk thread and creating light, Sandry is brought to the Winding Circle community. There she meets Briar, a former thief who has a way with plants; Daja, an outcast gifted at metalcraft; and Tris, Sandrys Book connection with the weather unsettles everyone, including herself. At Winding Circle, the four misfits are taught how to use their magic - and to t With her gift of weaving silk thread and creating light, Sandry is brought to the Winding Circle community. At Winding Circle, Sandrys Book four misfits are Sandrys Book how to use their magic - and to trust one another. But then disaster strikes their Sandrys Book home. Can Sandry weave together four kinds of magical power and save herself, her friends, and the one place where they've ever been Sandrys Book Get A Copy. Mass Market Paperbackpages. Published June 24th by Scholastic first published September 1st More Details Original Title. Other Editions Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Sandry's Book Sandrys Book, please sign up.