Index

Abeti, see Masakini, Abeti Antillean immigrants, 50–3, 70, 109–10, Abidjan, 26, 51, 59, 125, 190, 201 189 Accosti (recording studio) carnivals and grands bals, 50–1 Action Zaïre, 194 anti-Semitism, 5, 115 see Péla Simba apartheid, 17 Actuel, 16, 31–2, 39, 41 antiapartheid movement, ix, 54, 60–1 see Jean-François Bizot and musicians, 32, 39, 60–1, 66 Ade, King Sunny, 31, 42–3, 200 Apollo Theater, 12, 61 juju (music), 42 Armstrong, Louis, 13, 68 Afric music, 15 Arnaud, Gérald, 58, 62, 125, 213 Africa Fête, 15, 17–18, 90, 121, 143, 158 Aron, Raymond, 75 (n. 87) see Mamadou Konté Ashanti (language family), 148–9 African immigrants, 5–6, 14, 22–3 Asnières, 26 African Jazz, 12 Assassin, 151 African restaurants, xi associations, 18, 23, 85 Africolor, 38, 72, 107, 144–5, 148, 214 Aubert, Laurent, 58 Africultures, 120 Aulnay-sous-Bois, 16, 205 Afrique en Créations, 120 Auslander, Leora, 180–1 Afrique en scenes, 120 Au Petit Tam-Tam, 193–4 Afromusic, 15 Au Village, 191–3, 210 “Afropop,” 26 Awadi, Didier, 157–9, 161 Aide et Action, 208–9 see Positive Black Soul Akendengué, Pierre, 17–18, 29–30 Aznavour, Charles, 126 Aldrich, Robert, 211 Algeria(ns), 5–6, 23, 35, 50, 79, 113, 115, Bachet, Laurent, 97 119, 203–4 Tout le monde descend, 97 Ali, Muhammed, 28 Badarou, Wally, 23, 62, 66–7, 71, 206 Alizé, 166 Badinter, Élisabeth, 82, 200 Allen, Tony, 72, 208 (West African xylophone), 108, 146, Amadou et Mariam, 145, 200 159, 172, 184 Ambassadeurs de Mali, Les, 26, 35 Baldwin, James, 13 Amnesty International, 61, 157 Balladur, Éduard, 95 Anderson, Benedict, 194, 214 Bamako, 25–6, 106–7, 116, 129, 143–6, Angoulême, 22, 108, 127, 184, 170, 190, 202 200, 203 Bamba, Sorry, 72, 144–5 222 Index

Bambara (Language), 26, 159 Bondy, 185 Bambara (People), 100, 146 Bordeaux, 16 Bambaataa, Afrika, 35 boubou, 25, 146, 188, 209 Bambi Cruz, 152 Boudimbou, Guy, 186 Bamiléké, 26, 206–7 Bourdieu, Pierre, 106 Bandjoun (Cameroon), 26–7 Bourges, 22, 60, 94, 171, 184 Bantou Douala, 154 Bourgine, Caroline, 214 Baobab, Le (restaurant), 186, 189 Boutih, Malek, 132 Barbès, 88, 112, 127 brakka (music of Egypt), 93–4 Barbie, Klaus, 54 Braouezec, Patrick, 117 Barclay Records, 32, 59, 89–90 Brazzaville, 27, 56, 119, 195 Barou, Jacques, 187 Brel, Jacques, 107 Barry, Ahmed, 148 Brown, Clarence “Gatemouth,” 171 Barry, Amadou (“Doug E.Tee”), 157 Brown, James, 25, 27–8, 66, 119, see Positive Black Soul 149, 171, 183 Baudelaire, Charles, 121, 177–8 Brunnerie-Kauffmann, Joëlle, 82 Bardot, Brigette, 82 , 12, 28 Bayeurte, Louis, 85 Buda Musique, 35–6, 91, 94, 149 Beauvoir, Simone de, 13 Buren, Daniel, 183 Bebey, Francis, 7–11, 13, 18, 24, 29–30, Burkina Faso, 6, 31 126, 128, 144, 174 (n. 47), 206 Burning Spear, 61 Musique de l’Afrique, 8 Buscail, Dominique, 35 Bell, Nayanka, 124–6, 146, 153 Bush, Kate, 61 Belleville, 31, 62 Byrne, David, 61, 122 Bembeya Jazz, 204 Bénin, 6, 23, 28, 62, 66, 71 Cabrimol, Jean-Michel, 127 Bensignor, François, 36–8, 90, 108–9, 127, Cachin, Olivier, 151 144 Café de la Danse, 184, 215 Béranger, François, 17 café musique, 195 Bérégovoy, Pierre, 84, 87 Café des Phares, 149, 194–5 Béroard, Jocelyne, x, 50–3, 73 (n. 19), 107, “Café Philo,” 149, 194 109, 111, 121, 124 Cameroon(ians), 6–8, 10–14, 22, 26–8, 42, see Kassav’ 50, 62, 70, 100, 118, 122–4, 126–8, Beti (people of Cameroon), 123–4 145, 153–6, 179, 182, 184, 188, beur(s), 39–40, 112, 204 205–9, 214–5 Beyala, Calixthe, 70, 132–3, 181–2 Douala, 10 Bhabha, Homi, 211 Yaoundé, 51 Bicentennaire (1989 bicentennial of the Canta, Ballou, 55–6 French Revolution), 59, 70–2, 79, 109 Cantat, Bertrand, 128 bikutsi (music of Cameroon), 53, 123, 126, Caraïbe, Xénia, 98–9, 148, 181 184 Caribbean music, 25, 125, 127, 206, 213 Bizot, Jean-François, 16, 30–4, 41, 55, 62 Carter, Clarence, 27 black/blanc/beur, 119, 151, 181, 208 Casamance (region of ), 25 Black mic-mac (film), 53 Casanova, Pascale, 58 Blackwell, Chris, 90 Cassel, Vincent, 151 Blakey, Art, 111 Castro, Gilbert, 31, 33–5, 41 Blisko, Serge, 130 Cazeneuve, Fabrice, 132 Blondy, Alpha, 36, 38, 41–2, 125, 204 La Dette, 132 Index 223

Celluloïd Records, 31–5, 38, 41, 89, 91 Conseil d’État, 6 Chamoiseau, Patrick, 50, 52 Constantin, Philippe, 32–3, 41–2, 148 chanson, 27, 107, 126, 183 Cooder, Ry, 171 Chapelle des Lombards, 35 Copeland, Stewart, 61 Chapman, Tracy, 61, 157 Corneuve, La, 178 Charles, Ray, 68 Côte d’Ivoire/Ivoireans, 6, 12–14, 22, 26, Château Rouge, 131 36, 51, 98–9, 124–5, 148–50, 153, Chéreau, Patrice, 117 164, 172, 188, 201–2, 204, 214 Cherry, Neneh, 143 Coumdoul, Mamadou, xi, 188–90 Chevalier, Maurice, 62 Coupole, La, 127 Chevènement, Jean-Pierre, 113–17, 128, Courbevoie, 97 130–1, 201, 203 Creil, 80–1 Chevènement law, 116, 129, see “Headscarf Affair” 201, 209 Creole (language), 50, 52–3, 99, 111 Chirac, Jacques, 49, 53–4, 87, 95, Créteil, 128 98, 101, 107, 115, 132–3, 178, Croix, La, 55 186, 202 Cruz, Célia, 28 RPR (Rassemblement Pour la Culture, Ministry of, 22, 41, 49, 59, 71, 91, République), 49 99, 117, 120, 183, 195 Cinq Planètes, 147 see Lang, Jack Soliste (series of recordings), 148 Cissé, Madjiguène, 113, 130–2, , 15, 25, 33, 51, 61, 132, 143, 201, 209 156–170, 174 (n. 52), 176 (n. 83), Cissoko, 148 184, 190–1, 210 citizenship, 4, 62, 96, 99, 131, 191, 209, Damba, Mah, 148 212, 214 Davis, Miles, 13 Clapton, Eric, 28 Davout (recording studio), 42, 61 Clegg, Johnny, 32, 39, 60–1, 63, 148 and Debord, Guy, 178 “Savuka,” 60–1 Debray, Régis, 71, 82 Clouseau Musique (recording studio), 42 Debré, Jean-Louis, 106, 116, 130 CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Debré laws, 106–8, 112, Scientifique), 55 114–16, 130 Cobalt Records, 38, 144–6 Désir, Harlem, 40, 54–5, 60, 65, 82–3, Cocker, Joe, 68 112, 133 “cohabitation,” 49, 95 “La nuit des potes” 41 Cohn-Bendit, 129 Touche pas à mon pote, 40 Collège des Médiateurs, 112–13 d’Estaing (see Giscard) Collins, Albert, 171 Désvarieux, Jacob, 51–2, 99, 109, 111, Coma, Sylvie, 41, 53 124–5 see Radio Internationale see Kassav’ Coma, Jean-Jacques, 41 D’Gary, 200 Commission de la Nationalité, 54 Diabate, Mamadou, 172–3 Comoro Islands, 127 Tunga, 173 Conakry, 190 Diabate, Toumani, 172 Conakry, Le (bar), 195 Diallo, Alpha, 191–3 Congo, 13–14, 27, 56, 119, 168, 188 Dibala, Diblo, 56 Conrath, Philippe, 36, 38–9, 41–2, 59, 60, Dibango, Coco, 12 107, 144–8 Dibango, Georgia, 42 224 Index

Dibango, Manu, 7, 11–15, 18, 26–30, Finkielkraut, Alain, 82, 114, 116 41–3, 60, 62, 66, 90, 92, 95, 105, 110, Fitzgerald, Ella, 68 126, 128, 146, 204–6, 213, 215–6 FM Radio, 16, 30–2 “Soul Makossa,” 12 Oui, 30 “Tam-Tam pour l’Éthiopie,” 41–3, 59 Nova, 16, 30–2, 38–9, 41, 52, 55, Trois kilos de café, 12 57, 60, 147 Wakafrika, 12 “7 FM,” 164, 168 Dieng, Aziz, 161–3 Tabala FM, 30 Dikongué, Henri, 91, 126–7, 132, Tropic FM, 30 145, 154 FNAC, La, 58, 204 C’est la vie, 126, 155 Fodeba, Keita, 9, 13 Diop, Ababacar, 98–100, 112–13, 132, 201 Fofana, Amara, 105, 133 Dans la peau d’un sans-papiers, 100 Fon (language), 67 Vis@Vis, 132, 199 Fontenay, Élisabeth de, 82 Diop, Alloune, 164, 168–9 Fontenay-sous-Bois, 85 Diouf, Abdou, 160 Foreman, George, 28 djembe (West African drum), 159, 171 Fort-de-France, 50 Dogon (People), 144 Fouta (region of Senegal), 157, 166 Dogon, Le (Paris restaurant), 190–1 Fouta Toro, 186 Dogoui, Dogad, 201 foyers, 7, 16–17, 21, 85–6, 97, 144, 186, 200 Doisneau, Robert, 111 Français de souche, 4 DOM-TOM (Départements d’Outre-Mer France, 28 and Térritoires d’Outre-Mer), 70, 96 American influences on, 3 Dorn, Thomas, 171 France-Plus, 40, 72, 75 (n. 87) Douala, 207 “Franco (François Makiadi),” 27, 29, 55 Douala (language), 42, 127 Francophone culture, 8 Doumbia, Nahawa, 72, 145 Franklin, Aretha, 25, 68 Drancy, 87 Frères Guissé, Les, 166–8 Dreyfus affair, 5, 82 Front National, see National Front, 22, 40, Dumont, René, 82 108, 133, 180 Dupavillon, Christian, 71 Fruchaux, Gilles, 33, 35–6, 91 Fugees, The, 157 Eagleton, Terry, 212 Ellington, Duke, 13 Gabon, 13–14, 18, 123 Ellis, Pee Wee, 171 Gabriel, Peter, 57, 61, 68, 120, 122, 157, Erlmann, Veit, 213 165, 175 (n. 52) Eton (language), 123 Gainsbourg, Serge, 107 Evora, Cesaria, 33, 122, 126, 200 Gambia, 145, 172 Évry-Corbeil-Essones, 200 Gare du Nord, 151 Gaspard, Françoise, 81–2 Fabius, Laurent, 53 see “Headscarf Affair” Fakoly, Tiken Jah, 204 Gau, Étienne, 55 Fall, Cheikh Tidjane, 208 Geldof, Bob, 41, 43 Fall, Mar, 53 Ghetto Blaster, 42 Fête de la Musique, 49–50, 105, 112, 128, Gillespie, Dizzy, 13 157, 182–5 Gilou, Thomas, 53 Figaro, Le, 55, 83–4, 107, 116, 202 Gilroy, Paul, 211 Fillioud, Georges, 30 Giscard d’Estaing, 5–6, 107 Index 225

Glissant, Édouard, 215 Hooker, John Lee, 171 globalization, 58, 212–13 Huchard, Ousmane Sow, 168–70 gnawa (Moroccan music), 204 L’Humanité, 62 Gnawa Diffusion, 113, 204 Godard, Jean-Luc, 117 Île-de-France, 87, 196 Gold, Nick, 171 immigration, 3–6, 50, 59, 64–5, 70, 79, 80, Goude, Jean-Paul, 70–1 106, 113, 116, 131, 133, 212, 215 Goutte d’Or, La, 70, 88–9, 182, laws, legislation, 21–2, 53, 96, 107, 211 193, 204 politics of, 3, 6, 32, 39, 49, 63, 80–4, , 14, 24–5, 60, 62, 144–7, 160, 163, 96–101, 105–8, 125, 128–33, 145, 172, 190, 192, 200 155–6, 182, 201 , 50–1, 70, 93, 98–9 Inrockuptibles, Les, 128 Gueye, Faira, 190 INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et Guèye, Seydou, 210–1 des Études Économiques), 6, 22–3, Penc-Mi, 210 131–2 Solidarité Ndem, 210 integration, 63, 72, 82, 106–7 Guigou, Élisabeth, 114 Haut Conseil à l’Intégration, 84, 202, Guigou law, 114–15, 131 138 (n. 135) Guinea, 9, 24, 26, 35, 59, 64, 131, 145, Island Records, 33, 59, 66, 90, 157 188, 195, 204 Ivory Coast (see Côte d’Ivoire) Guissé, Aliou, 166–7 Guissé, Cheikh, 166–7 Jackson, Michael, 37 Guissé, Djibril (“Djiby”), 166–8 James, Etta, 28 Gustave, Eddy, 15 Jean, Wyclef, 157 Gustave, Jerrika, 148 jeli, see griot, 24–5, 144–5, 172 (music of Guadeloupe), 50, 127 Johnson, Linton Kwesi, 32, 204 Jones, Grace, 71 Habermas, Jürgen, 187 Jones, Quincy, 43 Haine, La (Hate), 151 Jospin, Lionel, 82, 101, 106, 112, 114–16, Haine, Scott, 195 118, 125, 129, 132–3, 145, 153–4 Hall, Stuart, 211, 215 Joxe, Pierre, 53, 64 Hallyday, Johnny, 27 Juppé, Alain, 98–100, 105, 108 Halter, Marek, 40 jus soli, 54, 96 Hannerz, Ulf, 213 Hargreaves, Alec, 211 Kabasele, Joseph, 12, 27, 29 Harry Son (recording studio), 33, 56, 164 Kabyle music, 204 “Headscarf Affair” (L’affaire du foulard), Kader, Cheb, 61 80–4 Kalmery, So, 91–4 Hebdige, Dick, 213 kameln’goni Wassoulou harp-lute, Hébrail, Jean, 66–7, 69 171–2 Hendrix, Jimi, 25, 28, 68 Kanda Bongo Man, 28, 55–6, 61 Hessel, Stéphane, 112 Kane, Nuru, 200 hip-hop, 31, 35, 143, 150–1, 157 Diamano Euro, 200 HLM (Habitation à Loyer Modéré), 7, 85–6, Kanté, Mory, 24, 38, 40–2, 59–63, 66, 90, 186 94, 99, 107, 109, 146, 191 Hollande, François, 116 Akwaba Beach, 59–60 Holt, Thomas, 180–1 Touma, 94 Holton, Robert, 212 “Yéke Yéke,” 59–60 226 Index

Kanza, Lokua, 23, 92, 101, 183, 200, Kristeva, Julia, 64–5 208, 215 Étrangers à nous-mêmes, 64–5 Wapi, 92 Krümm, Philippe, 147–8 Kassav’, x, 39, 50–2, 90, 99, 107–111, 144, Kuti, Féla, 31, 208 153 Nou la, 73 (n. 19) Lacan, Jacques, 64 Vini pou, 51 Ladysmith Black Mombazo, 60, 148 “ la Se Sel Medikamen Nou Ni,” 51 Lang, Jack, 22, 34, 37, 41, 49, 70–1, 99, Kasseya, Souzy, 42 183 Kassovitz, Mathieu, 151 Last Poets, The, 32 Kastoryano, Riva, 215 Lawal, Gaspar, 42 Keïta, Salif, x, 26, 34–5, 37–8, 40–2, 53, Lebovics, Herman, 5 58–9, 60–1, 63, 66, 69, 72, 90, 95, 99, Lee, Hélène, 33, 36–8, 72, 79, 112, 204 107–8, 120–1, 125, 146, 170, 206 Lefebvre, Henri, 177 Ko-yan, 59, 69 Lema, Ray, 23–4, 28–31, 41–2, 55–6, 61, “Nou pas bouger,” 59, 72 72, 91–4, 101, 105, 107, 125–6, 128, Soro, 59 143–5, 149, 194, 204, 208, 215 Kenenkoun, 146 Koteja, 29 Kérékou, Mathieu, 67 Mizila: Piano Solo, 215 Khaled (Cheb), 112, 148 Lemann, Isabelle, 215 Khosrokhavar, Farhad, 81–2 Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 4–5, 22, 40, 49, 54, 57, see “Headscarf Affair” 60, 63, 65, 68, 71, 79, 83–4, 93, 95, Kidjo, Angélique, 27–8, 66–9, 108, 143 98, 108, 112, 116, 118–9, 131, 133, Parakou, 66 152, 156, 179–80, 182 Pretty, 66 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 65 Kimoko, Dally, 56–7 Libération, x, 34–5, 38–9, 41, 60, 72, 79, King, B.B., 28, 119 81, 112–4, 116, 128, 133, 215 King, Don, 28 Lienemann, Marie-Noëlle, 87 Kinshasha, 27–8, 55, 66, 92, 121, 195, Lingala (language), 27, 92 198 (n. 48), 205 Lipietz, Alain, 118 Kintzler, Catherine, 82 Lô, Ismaël, 61, 162, 164, 169, 200 Koïta, Moriba, 145–7 Loketo, 56 Ensemble Instrumental du Mali, 146 Longomba, Awilo, 93 Sorotoumou, 146 Longomba, “Vicky,” 93 Koité, Habib, 200 Lougha, François, 125 Kolpa-Kopoul, Rémi, 38, 41–2 Lozahic, Didier, 109 Konaté, Moussa, 192 Lucky Dube, 32 Konté, Lamine, 14, 24 Lusafrica Records, 33, 122 Konté, Mamadou, 15–18, 41, 62, 70, 90, Lyon, 151 143, 148, 150, 159, 169, 208 Lyotard, Jean-François, 187, 212 see Africa Fête Tringa, 159 Maal, Baaba, 61, 121, 157–8, 162, 169 kora (West African harp-lute), 9, 14, Firin’ in Fouta, 157 24, 42, 58–9, 62, 147, 159, 161, McKinney, Mark, 211 167, 169–70, 172–3, 184, 186, 188, Madagascar (Malagasy Republic), 12, 127, 190, 192 148, 200 Kozumba, Steve, 93–4 Madness, 42 Kramer, Lloyd, 3 mafé, 212 Index 227

Maghreb, 6, 63–4, 83, 87, 127, 148, 187 Mbaye, Mamadou (“Jimi”), 160–1 Mahotella Queens, 32 Dakar Heart, 160–1 Makeba, Miriam, 27–8, 32, 39, 66, 68, 99, mbira (thumb piano), 8 206 see sanza makossa (music of Cameroon), 26, 126, Mbongo, Lokassa, 55–7 206–7 MC Solaar (Claude M’Barali), 151–2, Mali/Malians, 6, 16, 18, 22, 24–5, 35, 38, 156–7 54, 59, 63, 70, 72, 79, 84–9, 91, 95, Prose combat, 151 97–8, 107–8, 112, 118, 124, 129–30, Qui sème le vent récolte le tempo, 151 144–8, 156, 170–3, 182, 191, 194, Médecins Sans Frontières, 42 200, 202, 214, 219 (n. 89) Meissonier, Martin, 31, 41–2 Malinke (language), 42 Mélodie Records, 31–3, 35, 91 mal-logés, 101, 195 Metissacana, 199 Malopoets, 42 Miéville, Anne-Marie, 117 Malouma, 204 Ministère AMER, 154 Malraux, André, 22 Mintz, Sidney, 213 MAM, 153 Mitterrand, Danielle, 83, 96 see Edgar Yonkeu Mitterrand, François, 6, 8, 18, 21–3, 30, Manau, 127 39–41, 49, 60–1, 64, 79, 85, 98, 115, Mande (people or society), 24, 172 126–7, 201, 205 Mandela, Nelson, 61 Mobolo, Manuel a.k.a. “Robby Cool,” mandingue, 145 119–20 Mandingue (language), 166 , 28, 198 (n. 48) Mandinka, 24 Molokai, 120 Manfila, Kanté, 26, 35 see Mango Records, 33, 59, 157 Monde, Le, 39, 62–4, 72, 75 (n. 87), 87, 89, Mangwana, Sam, 55–6, 125, 174 (n. 46), 94, 98, 106–7, 117–18, 128, 130–2, 194 145, 179, 182, 202–3 Aladji, 55 Montreuil, 59, 86, 95, 97, 107, 146, 156, 206 Maninka, 24 Moreira, Paul, 63 Marley, Bob, ix, 33, 37, 61, 71, 193, 204 Morocco, 6, 129 Marley, Ziggy, 61 Mortaigne, Véronique, 72, 145 Marseille, 12, 16, 150–51 Moulin, Jean-Pierre, 179, 185 Marthély, Jean-Philippe, 111 Mousset, Christian, 148, 204, 213 see Kassav’ M’Pongo Love, 42 Martinet, Philippe, 69 Musée de l’Homme, 7, 58, 91 , 15, 40, 50–2, 70, 127, 180, 215 music business, 89, 143, 148 Masao, 154, 174 (n. 47) independent record companies, 32–6, see Ndocko (Benjamin and Peter) 38–9, 90–1 Esewe, 154 in Paris, 23, 33, 60, 109 Masekela, Hugh, 32, 39, 42–3 piracy of recordings, 23, 153, 170 Masakini, Abeti, 14, 28 music clubs, x–xi, 35 Matin, Le, 39 music journalists, 36–9, 90 Mauritania, 6, 85, 115, 172, 200, 204 Musique du Monde (recording series), 36, 91 Mauroy, Pierre, 21, 53 musiques du monde, 7, 38, 147 May 1968, 16–17 Musiques métisses d’Angoulême, 22, 108, mbalax (music of Senegal), 24, 53, 157, 127, 200, 203–4, 213 161–9 Mumia Abu Jamal, 208 228 Index

Naimro, Jean-Claude, 51 Nyolo, Sally, 122–4, 145, 213 see Kassav’ “Mamterry,” 123 Nanterre, 97, 122 Tribu, 122–3 Nantes, 151 Nzié, “Maman” (Anne-Marie), 118 “Festival Energ’hip-hop” National Front, 4, 22, 40, 49, 54, 57, 60, O.K. Jazz, 27–8, 55, 93 85, 114, 117–18 Olympia (theater), 14, 66, 95 nationality, 4, 53, 65, 96, 101, 106, 113 Ong, Aihwa, 215, 218 (n. 72) Code of, 54, 96 Orchestra Baobab, 25, 33, 163, 204 Ndocko, Benjamin, 154–6, 207 Orchestre National de Barbès, 113, Ndocko, Peter, 154–6, 207 127, 204 N’dour, Youssou, xi, 25, 33, 38, 42–3, 57, Oryema, Geoffrey, 101, 184, 208 61, 94, 121, 127, 143–4, 153, oud (North African lute), 147 157–8, 160, 162, 164, 169, 175 (n. 52), 189 Palmer, Catherine, 212 The Guide (Wommat), 143 Pantin, 33, 56 SAPROM, 157 “Papis,” 64 “7 Seconds,” 143, 153 Papon, Maurice, 35, 115 Le Super Étoile de Dakar, 157, Paris, 3, 8, 15, 23 160, 164 African musicians in, 18, 21, 23, 25–9, Neg’ Marrons, 154 38–9, 41, 49, 55, 60, 62–3, 66, 68, “Neo Geo,” 31 72, 89–91, 94, 107–9, 119–20, 122, Nerval, Gérard de, 183 131, 143, 146, 183, 196, 199, New Morning, x, 171, 184, 205–7, 210–2, 214 208, 215–6 as haven for artists, 3, 127 nganda, 195, 198 (n. 48) Métro, 5, 145–7, 177, 184–6, 188 n’goni(Malian lute), 9, 146 music business in, 23, 33, 60, 109 n’goni Ba, 146 Paris-Dakar, xi, 163, 188–90 n’goni Micin, 146 Parisien, Le, 129 Ngoye, Achille, 119 Paris-Match, 83 Niafunké, 171 Parker, Charlie, 13 Nipa, 148–50 Paroles et musiques, 37 Noah, Yannick, 62 Pasqua, Charles, 53–4, 59, 63, 95–6, Noir Désir, 128 118–19 Noiriel, Gérard, 4–5, 63, 75 (n. 87), 178, “Pasqua laws,” 53–4, 79, 96–7, 106, 108, 203, 214 112, 114–16, 129, 131, 149, 156 Le Creuset français, 63 Pathé-Marconi Records, 33 Nordey, Stanislas, 117 Pauwels, Louis, 54 Norman, Jessye, 71 Pei, I.M., 183 Nouveau Paris-Dakar, le, xi Pene, Omar Nouvel observateur, Le, 39, 82, 107, 127, Perrault, Gilles, 82 131, 203 Perry, Lee, 52, 71 N’simba, Péla (see Simba, Péla) “Pessin,” 128 N.T.M., 151 Peuls, 100 “nuits noires,” 31 Philips/Polygram Records, 26 Nya Soleil, 100–1, 154, 206–10 Pickett, Wilson, 27 Soleil Pour Tous, 101, 207–9 Pili Pili, 66 Soleil Pour Tous, 209 Pointer Sisters, 28 Index 229

Polygram Records, 14 Roach, Max, 111 Ponty, Jean-Luc, 206 Rocard, Michel, 61, 63, 84 Positive Black Soul, 157–9, 161–2, 184 Rochereau, Tabu Ley, 14–15, 28–9, 37, “Ataya,” 158 55–6, 193 Hyper-Son, 157 Rock et folk, 33, 37 Salaam, 157–8 “Rockin’ Squat,” 151 Post, François, 33–5, 41, 91 see Assassin postcolonial culture/theory, 211–13 rock music, ix, 34, 39, 66, 119 Prévot, Hubert, 86 Roissy, 151 Prince, 37 Rolling Stones, 33, 119 Printemps de Bourges, Le, 22, 39, 60, 94, Rose, Doudou Ndiaye, 71 118, 152, 157, 204 rumba (Congolese music), 24, 27–8, 51, Propreté de Paris, 7, 70, 86 120, 193 Pulaar (language), 166 Ryan, Jay, 147

Quiminal, Catherine, 22 Sadia, Tiacoh, 98–9 Sahel (region), 25, 191, 204 racism, 32, 67–8, 70, 82, 93, 106, 118, 132, Sahlins, Peter, 82 149, 155–6, 179, 206, 215 Said, Edward, 211 in advertising, 179–81 Saint-Ambroise (church), 98, 100, 112, politics of, 32, 53, 106, 152, 155–6 129–30 radio broadcasts (“40% law”), 120, 148, 155 Saint-Bernard (church), 98, 100–1, 105, Radio France Internationale, 30, 41, 53 113, 130, 182, 199, 207–8 Taxi Brousse, 53 St. Éloi, Patrick, 109 Radio libre, 31, 194 see Kassav’ Radio Nova, 16, 30–2, 38–9, 41, 52, 55, Saint-Denis, 16–7, 38, 117, 128, 144–5, 57, 60, 147 154, 184, 214 Raffarin, Jean-Pierre, 133, 201–2 Saint-Ouen, 51, 153–4, 180 raï, 61, 113, 127 Sakamoto, Ryuichi, 57 Rail Band (du Buffet de la Gare de “Sam and Dave,” 170 Bamako), 26, 59 Samba, Cheri Super Rail Band de Bamako, 204 Sangare, Oumou, 125, 145, 171–2 rap, 32, 120, 127, 150–9, 161, 166, 170 Worotan, 171 Redding, Otis, 25, 27, 68, 121, 149, 165, sans-papiers, 59, 95, 97–101, 105–8, 112–19, 168, 170 128–33, 145, 170, 182, 195, 199–204, , ix, 33–4, 36, 61, 92, 113, 120, 126, 208–9 149, 151, 157, 164, 193, 204, 207, Sans-Visa, 37, 120 210 Santana, Carlos, 67 regularization, 105, 112, 114, 129–30, sanza (thumb piano), 8, 207 201–2 Sarakolé, 6, 100 see sans-papiers Sarcelles, 154, 178 Renan, Ernest, 4 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 201–3 residency permit (carte de séjour), 21, 56, Sartre, Jean-Paul, 13, 35 93–4, 96–7, 108, 116–17, 132, 146 Sautet, Marc, 194 Révolution Afrique, 17 Schnapper, Dominique, 63, 75 (n. 87) Rex (Cinema and Disco), 34–5 Seck, Napenda, 163 rhythm ‘n’ blues, 39, 66, 149, 151, 164, 207 Seck, Thione, 162–4, 169 Rico Jazz, 51 Raam Daam, 163 230 Index

Senegal/Senegalese, 6, 13–16, 18, 21–2, Taboada-Leonetti, Isabelle, 18 (n. 7), 215 24–5, 33–5, 57, 61–2, 70–1, 84, 98–9, Taguieff, Pierre-André, 82, 84, 114 112, 118, 127, 129, 131–2, 156–170, Tala, André-Marie, 26, 42 172, 179–80, 186, 188–94, Hot Koki, 26–7 199–200, 202, 204, 206, 210, 212, Talking Heads, 61–2, 71, 122 214, 219 (n. 89) Naked, 61–2, 206 Senghor, Léopold, 160, 180 Tambacounda, 16 Serres, Corinne, 91 tam-tam or tama (talking drum), 153, Sidibé, Makan, 87 156, 163 Simba, Péla, 15, 28, 31, 55, 72, 193–4 Tauvel, Jean-Paul, 88 Simon, Paul, 61 Tavernier, Bertrand, 203 Simporé, Bintou, 31, 39 tchamassi (music of Cameroon), 26 Situationists, 177–8 Terray, Emmanuel, 118, 130 “Sly and Robbie” (Sly Dunbar and Robbie Têtes Brûlées, Les, 122, 184, 215 Shakespeare), 29 Têtes Raides, Les, 203 Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste), 21, 40, thieboudienne, 62, 161, 188 106–7, 114, 116, 206 Thiosane, 157 Solaar, MC (Claude), 118 Thomas, Sam Fan, 26 SONACOTRA (Société Nationale de Thu Zaina, 15, 28, 193 Construction de Logements pour les ti-bois (Antillean percussion Travailleurs), 7, 17, 85 instrument), 51 Sonodisc Records, 34, 89, 91, 149 Tigres noirs, Les, 26 Soninké, 6, 16, 25, 85, 100, 145, 191 Todd, Emmanuel, 88 sono mondiale, 31, 57 Le destin des immigrés, 88 SOS-Racisme, 32, 39–41, 43, 49, 54–5, 59, Todorov, Tzvetan, 64–5, 106 60–1, 63, 65, 75 (n. 87), 79, 83–4, Nous et les autres, 65 112, 115, 132–3, 182 Tombel, 154 (Music of Congo and Zaïre), 27–8, Tordue, La, 203 53, 94, 185, 193 Toucouleurs, 6, 100, 166–7, 200 Soukous Stars, 55–7 Tounkara, Bécaye, 190–1, 193 Specials, The, 42 Touraine, Alain, 82 Spinners, The, 28 Touré, Ali Farka, 95, 108, 125, 145, 171 Springsteen, Bruce, 61, 157 Niafunké, 171 Star Band, 168–9 Talking Timbuktu, 171 Sting, 61, 157 Touré, Amadou, 25 Stoléru, Lionel, 6 Touré, Ismael, x, 25, 42 Stovall, Tyler, 179 Touré, Ousmane, 25, 43 sub-Saharan Africa, 3, 6, 83 Touré, Sékou, 26 immigrants from, 6–7, 14, 18, 22–3, 70, Touré, Sixu, x, 25, 62 79, 88, 112, 118, 131, 152, 178, Touré Kunda, x, 15, 25, 32, 34–6, 38, 41–2, 180–1, 189, 195, 202, 205 53, 62, 66, 90, 144, 149, 158, 169 workers from, 6–7 djambadong, 62 Sucy-Bonneuil, 67 É’mma Africa, 34 Super Diamano, 164 Touré Kunda, 34 see Omar Pene Traoré, Boubacar, 200 Swahili (language), 42, 92, 127 Traoré, Rokia, 99, 108, 118 Sylla, Fodé, 84, 112, 133 Trautmann, Catherine, 117 Sylla, Ibrahim, 33, 39, 55–6, 59, 120 Trenet, Charles, 33 Index 231

Tribalat, Michèle, 23, 106, 138 (n. 135), Wilkerson, Shawna, 148 195, 214–15 “Willem,” 114 Tunisia, 6 Wognin, Pierre, 148–50 Turner, Tina, 37 Wolof (language), 42, 157–9, 166, 169, 184, 192 UB 40, 42 Wonder, Stevie, 14, 68, 158 “World Beat,” 26 Val-de-Marne, 85 world music, 9, 16, 22, 33, 49, 53, 57–9, Vamur, Claude, 110–12 61–2, 66–7, 72, 89, 120, 123, 127, see Kassav’ 143, 213 verlan, 40 Wright, Richard, 13 Vichy regime, 5, 35, 106, 115 Villiers-sur-Marne, 29 xalam (Senegalese lute), 24, 160, 163, 167 Vincennes, Chateau de/Esplanade de, 85–8, Xalam (Senegalese band), 41 96–7, 182, 202 Xippi (recording studio), 157 Virgin Megastore, 58 Virgin Records, 32, 90 Yamgnane, Kofi, 84 Visa permanent, 37 Ya Tupas, 29 Viva la Musica, 120–1 Yoff, 160 see Papa Wemba Yonkeu, Edgar, 153–6 Yss Boys, 28 Wade, Abdoulaye, 160 Wailers, The, 61 , 28, 120, 193 Wassoulou (region of Cameroon), 171 Zaïre, 12, 14–15, 23–4, 28–30, 34, 37, 42, Wassy, Brice, 62, 206–8 51, 55–7, 61, 66, 70, 91–5, 120, 164, Weil, Patrick, 113–14, 116–17 168, 183, 185, 193–4, 200 Wemba, Papa, 15, 28, 53, 55–6, 66, 72, 92, Zap Mama, 122 94–5, 105, 107, 120–2, 126, 144–5, Zebda, 203 185, 193–5, 205 Zénith (concert hall), 51 Emotion, 121 Zidane, Zinedine, 119 Molokai, 121 Zone Franche, 120, 204 sape, la/les sapeurs, 121, 195 Zorrino (recording studio), 51, 109, 124, Weston, Randy, 173 153 Wihtol de Wenden, Catherine, 21–2, 209 zouk (Caribbean music), 26, 50–1, 110, 127