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Phs 505 Course Guide COURSE GUIDE PHS 505 COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH Course Team Dr. J. A. Afolayan (Course Writer) - Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State Prof. Femi Peters (Programme Leader) – NOUN Kayode S. Olubiyi (Course Coordinator) – NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA PHS 505 COURSE GUIDE © 2017 by NOUN Press National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters University Village Plot 91, Cadastral Zone Nnamdi Azikiwe Expressway Jabi, Abuja Lagos Office 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island, Lagos e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed: 2012, 2017 ISBN: 978-058-733-0 ii PHS 505 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction......................................................................... iv What you will Learn in this Course…………………….. v Course Aims……………………………………………. v Course Objectives………………………………………. v Working through this Course…………………………... vi Course Material……………………………………….… vi Study Units…………………………………………….... vi Assessment……………………………………………… vii Tutor-Marked Assignment……………………………… vii Summary………………………………………………... vii References/Further Reading……………………………. viii iii PHS 505 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION PHS 505 : Community Mental Health focuses on the study of mental health and psychiatry as an aspect of community health and it is designed to afford you the opportunity to apply the knowledge of community health to the care of patients in any setting. It is also designed to help you develop such skills as required of professionals to handle interpersonal and group problems. It is believed that primary groups are essential to the welfare of individuals thus; attention is paid to the role of the family in the care of the sick. Because the three aspects of healthcare (preventive, curative and rehabilitative) are complementary, you will have opportunity to participate in rendering these three aspects to your clients/patients. Psychiatry is a branch of medical science that deals with the study and treatment of mental diseases. It deals with the mind, emotions and behaviour of man scientifically; the least understood aspects of the human/animal. Psychiatry, also known as psychological medicine, is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses. Psychiatric illness is characterised by a breakdown in the normal pattern of thought, emotion and behaviour. Psychiatric symptoms, problems and illness of all kinds are extremely common throughout life while community mental health is a specialised branch of community health in which the community health practitioner utilises his/her own personality, knowledge of psychiatric theory and the available environment to effect therapeutic changes in patients’ thoughts, feelings and behaviour. The ability to effect these changes varies according to experience and education. The therapeutic role of the community health psychiatric officer cannot be described only in terms of attitudes, feelings, relationship and understanding. What the nurse brings as a person to the treatment situation is directly related to his/her therapeutic effectiveness. Psychiatry is concerned with the promotion of mental health, prevention of mental disorder and the community health care of patients who suffer from mental disorder. Thus, community health psychiatry is the process whereby the community health practitioner assists persons either as individuals or in groups, in developing a more positive self-concept, a more harmonious pattern of interpersonal relationships and a more productive role in the society. iv PHS 505 COURSE GUIDE WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE The overall aim of PHS 505: Community Mental Health is to enable you have a foreknowledge on the following: Functional psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, psychoneuroses, organic disorders, substance abuse, alcoholism, epilepsy, therapeutic modalities in psychiatry, crisis intervention, community mental health, legal aspects of mental health, history taking of psychiatric patients, electro-convulsive therapy, occupational and recreational therapies, rehabilitation and psychiatric pharmacology. These blocks of knowledge are important for you as a scientific community health practitioner in order to meet the changing needs of the profession. You will be given sufficient ground to achieve this, which should provide you with the necessary basis for further study. COURSE AIMS The aim of this course can be achieved by adequate response to the following questions: - describe various functional psychiatric disorders - explain the concept of schizophrenia - outline the types of mood disorders - discuss the psychoneuroses - describe organic psychiatric disorder. - outline the substances commonly abused - explain the concept of alcoholism - discuss the meaning and management of epilepsy - discuss various therapeutic modalities in psychiatry - explain the concept of crisis intervention - describe community mental health - discuss the legal aspects of mental health - explain how history taking of psychiatric patients is carried out - describe electro-convulsive therapy - discuss occupational and recreational therapy - explain the concept of rehabilitation - outline the various drugs used in psychiatry. COURSE OBJECTIVES To achieve the aims set out above, there are overall objectives that must be met. Each unit also has specific objectives as contained in the study units as v PHS 505 COURSE GUIDE the beginning of each unit, you need to read them carefully and you can always refer to them in the course of your reading to do a self-evaluation in order to be sure that you have done what is required of you as a learner by the unit. WORKING THROUGH THIS COURSE In order to successfully complete this course, you are required to read the study units, the reference books and other materials provided by the university. Each unit also contains Tutor-Marked Assignments which would be of tremendous assistance to you. COURSE MATERIALS Major components of the course are: • Course Guide • Study Units • References/Further Reading STUDY UNITS The study units in this course are as follows: MODULE 1 FUNCTIONAL PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS – AFFECTIVE I Unit 1 Schizophrenia Unit 2 Mood Disorders Unit 3 Psychoneurosis MODULE 2 ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDERS Unit 1 Organic Mental Disorders MODULE 3 Unit1 Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction Unit 2 Alcoholism vi PHS 505 COURSE GUIDE MODULE 4 Unit 1 Epilepsy Unit 2 Therapeutic Modalities in Psychiatry Unit 3 Therapeutic Modalities in Psychiatry II (Psychological Therapy) Unit 4 Therapeutic Modalities in Psychiatry III MODULE 5 Unit 1 Crisis Intervention Unit 2 Community Mental Health Nursing Unit 3 Legal aspects of Mental Health Nursing MODULE 6 Unit 1 Methods of Assessment in Psychiatry Unit 2 Electroconvulsive Therapy Unit 3 Rehabilitation Unit 4 Behavioural Syndromes ASSESSMENT There are two aspects to the assessment of this course; the tutor-marked assessment (TMA) and the end of the course examination. In dealing with the assignments, you are expected to apply information, knowledge and strategies gathered during the course. TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT (TMA) Each unit has tutor-marked assignment questions; you are expected to submit them to your facilitator in accordance with the directives of the university. SUMMARY PHS 505 is a community mental health course and upon completion of this course, you will be equipped with required knowledge to meet the needs of your mentally disordered clients/patients and families. vii PHS 505 COURSE GUIDE References/Further Reading Adedotun, A. (2000). Basic Psychiatry and Psychiatric Nursing. Ile-Ife: Basag (Nig) Enterprises. Burr, J. (1970). Nursing the Psychiatric Patient. (2nd ed.). London: Bailliere Tindall and Cassell. Fish, F. J. (1967). An Outline of Psychiatry. Bristol: John Wright & Sons Ltd. Morrison–Valfe, M. (2005). Foundations of Mental Healthcare . Missouri: Mosby Inc. Olatawura, M. O. (2002). Psychology and Psychiatry. (Lecture series from Ibadan), Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited. Staurt, G. W. & Lavaia, M. T. (2001). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. (7th ed.). Missouri: Mosby. Inc, Sreevani, R. (2004). A Guide to Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing. India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Stellenberg, E. L. & Bruce, J. C. (2007). Nursing Practice Medical- Surgical Nursing for Hospital and Community. (2nd ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone. Udoh, C. O. (n.d). Mental and Social Health. Ibadan: Distance Learning Centre. Verghese, M. (1994). Essentials of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. New Delhi: Churchill Livingstone PVT Ltd. viii PHS 505 COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH MODULE 1 FUNCTIONAL PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS – AFFECTIVE I Unit 1 Schizophrenia Unit 2 Mood Disorders Unit 3 Psychoneurosis UNIT 1 SCHIZOPHRENIA CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 Main Content 3.1 Schizophrenia 3.2 Definition of Schizophrenia 3.3 Epidemiology 3.4 Etiology 3.5 Schneider’s First-Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia (SFRS) 3.6 Clinical Features 3.7 Clinical Types 3.8 Course and Prognosis 3.9 Treatment 3.10 Management 3.11 Management for Patient who Exhibits Withdrawn Behaviour 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 Summary 6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment 7.0 References/Further Reading 1.0 INTRODUCTION This module is on Functional Psychiatric Disorders -Affective I and its first study unit is based on schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder which affects the mood. 2.0 OBJECTIVES
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