Laws of Montserrat

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Laws of Montserrat MONTSERRAT LAWS OF MONTSERRAT comprising all of the Acts, subsidiary legislation and certain other laws in force as at 1 January 2008, arranged in chapters and presented as booklets bound into loose-leaf volumes. ____________ 2008 REVISED EDITION Prepared under the Authority of The Revised Edition of the Laws Act BY HON ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MONTSERRAT Law Revision Commissioner ____________ VOLUMES 1 to 12 Preliminary Booklet Chapters 1.01 – 18.13 MONTSERRAT LAWS OF MONTSERRAT comprising all of the Acts, subsidiary legislation and certain other laws in force on 1 January 2008, arranged in chapters and presented as booklets bound into loose-leaf volumes. ____________ 2008 REVISED EDITION Prepared under the Authority of The Revised Edition of the Laws Act BY HON. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MONTSERRAT Law Revision Commissioner ____________ VOLUMES 1 to 12 Preliminary Booklet Chapters 1.01 – 18.13 Published in 2009 On the authority and on behalf of the Government of Montserrat By The Regional Law Revision Centre Inc. Available for purchase from— Attorney General’s Chambers Montserrat British West Indies Tel: (664) 491-4686/5180 Fax: (664) 491-4687 E-mail: [email protected] Printed on the authority and on behalf of the Government of Montserrat by The Regional Law Revision Centre Inc. P.O. Box 1626, Hannah-Waver House, The Valley, AI-2640, Anguilla Authorised Printers for this Revised Edition LAWS OF MONTSERRAT Preface PRELIM. i Revision Date: 1 Jan 2008 PREFACE This 12-volume updated revised edition of the laws of Montserrat shows the principal and subsidiary laws as at 1 January 2008. The laws are contained in chapters that include the main Act together with subsidiary legislation made under that Act, and also related legislation. The chapters are— • listed alphabetically at page 7 of this booklet; and • grouped into subject Titles, as shown in the Table at page 31 of this booklet. The updated revised edition is published in the form of loose-leaf booklets to allow for the updating of the publication as the law changes. Each page of the updated revised edition shows the revision date, which is the date up until when the law is conclusively stated. The updated revised edition is prepared and published under the authority of the Revised Edition of the Laws Act, which allows for the revised edition to be published also in electronic format—in CDs and on the internet, if required and made formally. The publication of this updated revised edition is an update of the 2002 Revised Edition—thanks are due to the Department for International Development of the Government of the United Kingdom for funding the project, to Eugene Otuonye, Q.C., Law Revision Consultant, Steadroy Meade, Legislative Assistant in the Attorney General’s Chambers of Montserrat for locating and consolidating the laws and to Yolande Dash, Legislative Publishing Consultant of The Regional Law Revision Centre Inc for her expertise in typesetting and printing, the entire work and the preparation of the Revised Edition CD-ROM. JAMES WOOD HON ATTORNEY GENERAL and LAW REVISION COMMISSIONER March 2009 ____________ LAWS OF ii PRELIM. User’s Guide and Information MONTSERRAT Revision Date: 1 Jan 2008 USER’S GUIDE AND INFORMATION This section of the Preliminary Booklet (PB) contains useful guide and other information for both the previous and new subscribers/purchasers and users of the Revised Editions of the Laws of Montserrat. 2002 REVISED EDITION The 2002 Revised Edition of the Laws of Montserrat was the product of a general revision. It brought the Laws updated to 1 January 2002 (the 2002 Revision Date). These Laws are contained in 247 booklets and bound in a green leather binder set of 12 Volumes. The booklets colour is grey. There is also the electronics version that comes in a CD-ROM. This Revision organized the Laws under subject heading and adopted the format, among others, of keeping the principal and related subsidiary legislations in one booklet rather than separate booklets. For ease of reference, the PB for the 2002 Revised Edition sets out this format and other useful information on the 2002 Revised Edition Laws including in particular, the disposition section, which sets out in chronological order, the Acts and their status (‘how dealt with’ comments) as at the 2002 Revision Date. 2008 REVISED EDITION The 2008 Revised Edition is not a general revision but an update of the 2002 Revised Edition. It consolidated and revised those Laws of Montserrat, which though revised up to 2002, subsequently fell due for another revision for variety of reasons, the chief of which will include amendments, repeals, enactment of new Acts and Regulations or other subsidiary legislation. This Revised Edition included certain laws, which were in force but were omitted from the 2002 Revised Edition. It revised and updated the relevant Laws up to 1 January 2008 (the 2008 Revision Date). Please note: there are instances where amending enactments came into force after the 2008 Revision Date but are nevertheless included in this Revised Edition. Wherever this is the case, appropriate footnote has been made to alert the user. Such instances include: The Income and Corporation Tax Act, Customs Duties and Consumption Tax Act and Licensing of Utility Services Act. LAWS OF MONTSERRAT User’s Guide and Information PRELIM. iii Revision Date: 1 Jan 2008 The updated laws involved in this 2008 Revised Edition are contained in 70 booklets. These booklets are green in colour to make them easily distinguishable from the 2002 Revised Edition booklets that are not affected by the 2008 Revision. One of the booklets affected by this 2008 Revision is the PB. It retained all the features and format of the PB of the 2002 Revised Edition except in three major respects: Firstly, it contains this ‘User’s Guide and Information’ section. Secondly, it now includes a list (in alphabetical order) of all the U.K. Statutory Instruments (S.I.s.) applicable to Montserrat as at the Revision Date of 1 January 2008. Thirdly, it indicates in the ‘General Index to the Revised Edition’ as well as in the ‘List of Titles and Chapters’ whether or not an Act or any subsidiary legislation has been the subject of this 2008 Revision. This is done by the notation ‘1/1/2008’, if revised in or otherwise affected by the 2008 Revision or ‘1/1/2002’ if not revised or otherwise so affected. In this regard, the user would notice that some principal Acts may have been subject of this revision with a notation of 1/1/2008 but the subsidiary legislation under them are with a notation 1/1/2002. This could be vice verse. Wherever these notations appear, this would invariably be an indication that the subsidiary legislation (e.g. Regulations) though made under a repealed Act, would continue good and valid under the relevant revised or new Act until repealed or otherwise replaced. An example is the Licensing of Utility Services Act and the related subsidiary legislations—Interim Water Supply Regulations and Electricity Supply Order. USING BOTH REVISED EDITIONS Finally, a word on purchasing and using both Revised Editions: In order to update his or her set of the Laws, a previous purchaser/user of the 2002 Revised Edition set of 12 Volumes, may purchase the 70 booklets containing the 2008 revised laws and simply substitute them in the relevant Volumes in place of the obsolete booklets. The Volumes, if fully replaced with the 2008 revised booklets, would contain booklets of two colours, showing at a glance the laws subject to the 2008 Revision and those not so affected. To assist the user in this exercise, a brief manual titled ‘Step by Step Instructions for Updating the Revised Edition of the Laws of Montserrat’ (the Manual) and a ‘Table of Content of the 2008 Revised Edition’ (the Table of LAWS OF iv PRELIM. User’s Guide and Information MONTSERRAT Revision Date: 1 Jan 2008 Contents) have been included in the bundle of information documents that come with the 2008 Revised Laws. A new purchaser/user would notice that the set of 12 Volumes now contains booklets of two colours (grey and green) again showing at a glance, that the 2002 Revised Edition has been updated and the laws so affected by that update are contained in the booklets in green colour. NB: Please secure the Manual and the Table of Content even after updating your set of the 12 Volumes of the Revised Laws (in the case of previous purchaser/user) or when there no need to update (in the case of new purchaser/user). Further, secure also (preferably in your library archive records), the 2002 Revised Edition booklets removed from the volume binders even though they may appear obsolete upon replacement with the updated version. There will always be need in the future to make reference to them. CITING THE LAWS The practitioner will of course continue to discharge his or her duty to the Court and others by citing these Laws with sufficient clarity to make them easily identifiable and accessible. ____________ LAWS OF MONTSERRAT Contents PRELIM. 5 Revision Date: 1 Jan 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARY BOOKLET: Pages Preface ................................................................ i User’s Guide and Information ............................ ii Table of Contents of Volumes 1 to 12................. 5 General Index of the Revised Edition – Alphabetical ............................................. 7 List of Titles and Chapters ................................. 31 List of Omitted Laws .......................................... 57 Chronological Index of Laws ............................. 60 List of United
Recommended publications
  • Annual Report of the Colonies. Basutoland, 1902-03
    This document was created by the Digital Content Creation Unit University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2010 COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL No. 408. BASUTOLAND. REPORT FOR 1902-3. (For Report for 1901-3, aw No. 380.) yttemttb to both 36oB*t* of fhtHimtttt ha gotMntmb of ^RsJMtg. DcMfw&6r, 1903. LONDON PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, Bt DARLING A 80N, LTD., 84-40, BAWN Srsw, E. And to be pufohtaed, eh her directly or through My Boolmeller, from EYRE & 8POTTI8WOODE, EAHT HAMMMO KmiM, FtHw STBBW, EC, and 33, AnyoDoy SrnzzT, WMTMixaTZH, S.W. ; or OLIVER & BOYD, EntwBUBOH ; or E. PONSONBY, 116, QBArro:? STRMT, Dvauw. 1903. [<M. 1768-13.! Pnc^ M. COLONIAL REPORTS. The following, among other, reports relating to Hia Majeaty'a Colonial Poaaeaaiona have been isaned, and may be obtained from the sources indicated on the title page :— ANNUAL. No. Colony. YtM. 388 Weihaiwei ... 1902 389 Sierra Leone ... ... ... ... ... !t 390 British Hondnras ... ... ... ... !? 891 Gambia..^ ... ... ... ... *) 892 St. Helena ... *w* ... ... H 893 Hong Kong ... ... ... ... ... ... )! 894 Tnras and Oaioos Mands l! 896 Seyohellea ... ... ... ... ... tt 896 Ceylon ... ... ... ... ... tt 397 Gold Ooaat ... ... ... ... 398 Barbados ... ... ... ... ... 1903-1903 899 Fiji ... ... ... *.. 1902 400 Lagos *** ... ... ... 401 British Solomon Islands [ 1902-1903 402 Oooos-Kaeling Islands ... ... ... ... ... ! 1903 403 St Vincent ... ... i 1902-1903 404 Grenada... ... ... ... ! 1902 406 Southern Nigeria *.* i 406 Straits Settlements .# ... ... ... ! <t 407 ... ... ... ... ... 1902-1903 J Trinidad and Tobago MISCELLANEOUS, Canada ... T^ecai Statu* of Britiah Worth American Indians. Mi*ceHaneon* Colonies Medical Report*. Gilbert und EUioe Mand* Report for 1896-!900. Hong Kong Operation* in New Territory during MMoeHanet^t Coionie* Medica! Report*. Weihaiwei Genera! Be;*ort.
    [Show full text]
  • American Eel Anguilla Rostrata
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the American Eel Anguilla rostrata in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the American eel Anguilla rostrata in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. x + 71 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge V. Tremblay, D.K. Cairns, F. Caron, J.M. Casselman, and N.E. Mandrak for writing the status report on the American eel Anguilla rostrata in Canada, overseen and edited by Robert Campbell, Co-chair (Freshwater Fishes) COSEWIC Freshwater Fishes Species Specialist Subcommittee. Funding for this report was provided by Environment Canada. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur l’anguille d'Amérique (Anguilla rostrata) au Canada. Cover illustration: American eel — (Lesueur 1817). From Scott and Crossman (1973) by permission. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2004 Catalogue No. CW69-14/458-2006E-PDF ISBN 0-662-43225-8 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – April 2006 Common name American eel Scientific name Anguilla rostrata Status Special Concern Reason for designation Indicators of the status of the total Canadian component of this species are not available.
    [Show full text]
  • Private Patrick Eagan (Also Found As Egan) (Regimental Number 1764) Is Interred in Auchonvillers Military Cemetery: Grave Reference II
    Private Patrick Eagan (also found as Egan) (Regimental Number 1764) is interred in Auchonvillers Military Cemetery: Grave reference II. B. 14. His occupation prior to military service recorded as that of a miner, Patrick Eagan was a recruit of the Sixth Draft. Having presented himself for enlistment on August 5 of 1915, at the Church Lads Brigade Armoury in St. John’s, capital city of the Dominion of Newfoundland, he was engaged at the daily private soldier’s rate of a single dollar to which was to appended a ten-cent per diem Field Allowance. (continued) 1 Just one day after having enlisted, on August 6 he was to return to the CLB Armoury on Harvey Road. On this second occasion Patrick Eagan was to undergo a medical examination, a procedure which was to pronounce him as being…Fit for Foreign Service. And it must have been only hours afterwards again that there then came the final formality of his enlistment: attestation. On the same August 6 he pledged his allegiance to the reigning monarch, George V, at which moment Patrick Eagan thus became…a soldier of the King. A further, and lengthier, waiting-period was now in store for the recruits of this draft, designated as ‘G’ Company, before they were to depart from Newfoundland for…overseas service. Private Eagan, Regimental Number 1764, was not to be again called upon until October 27, after a period of twelve weeks less two days. Where he was to spend this intervening time appears not to have been recorded although he possibly returned temporarily to his work and perhaps would have been able to spend time with family and friends in the Bonavista Bay community of Keels – but, of course, this is only speculation.
    [Show full text]
  • American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata )
    American Eel (Anguilla rostrata ) Abstract The American eel ( Anguilla rostrata ) is a freshwater eel native in North America. Its smooth, elongated, “snake-like” body is one of the most noted characteristics of this species and the other species in this family. The American Eel is a catadromous fish, exhibiting behavior opposite that of the anadromous river herring and Atlantic salmon. This means that they live primarily in freshwater, but migrate to marine waters to reproduce. Eels are born in the Sargasso Sea and then as larvae and young eels travel upstream into freshwater. When they are fully mature and ready to reproduce, they travel back downstream into the Sargasso Sea,which is located in the Caribbean, east of the Bahamas and north of the West Indies, where they were born (Massie 1998). This species is most common along the Atlantic Coast in North America but its range can sometimes even extend as far as the northern shores of South America (Fahay 1978). Context & Content The American Eel belongs in the order of Anguilliformes and the family Anguillidae, which consist of freshwater eels. The scientific name of this particular species is Anguilla rostrata; “Anguilla” meaning the eel and “rostrata” derived from the word rostratus meaning long-nosed (Ross 2001). General Characteristics The American Eel goes by many common names; some names that are more well-known include: Atlantic eel, black eel, Boston eel, bronze eel, common eel, freshwater eel, glass eel, green eel, little eel, river eel, silver eel, slippery eel, snakefish and yellow eel. Many of these names are derived from the various colorations they have during their lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    Clean Fuel Standard CASE STUDY: NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR Snapshot of macro effects for Newfoundland and Labrador: Direct compliance costs: $264 million ($1,040 per employed person) Capital removed from economy: $0.7 billion Job losses: 1,261 Increase in cost of gasoline: 10.5% Increase in cost of natural gas: n/a Main sectors affected: Wholesale and retail sales (221 jobs) Banking, Finance and Professional Services (227 jobs) Entertainment, including Restaurants (136 jobs) Other Manufacturing (191 jobs) Construction (117 jobs) Household Effects Due to Newfoundland and Labrador's (NL) unique geographic location, all import and export goods must be transported via cargo boats and planes (Transportation Directory of NFL, 2003), making the island particularly fuel-dependent. Thus transportation fuels like gasoline are an essential energy source for providing goods and services to the majority of residents of NL. Figure 1. Nominal gasoline price in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1993-2019. Source: Statistics Canada 2020c Figure 1 shows the historical price of gasoline in St. John’s since 1993.1 According to Statistics 1Due to the availability of gasoline price data by major cities, the cost estimate for households of additional gasoline expenses at the provincial level uses major city-level average prices as a proxy for the corresponding province. 1 Canada, 2016 Census of Population, there were 218,675 households in NL. The average annual gasoline price in St. John’s was $1.27 per litre in 2018 (Statistics Canada, 2020c). Our model estimates that of the17% increase in production costs about 10.5% would be passed on to consumers in NL which implies the average purchase price would have been $1.40 per litre of gasoline in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • RF Annual Report
    The Rockefeller Foundation Annual Report 1926 The Rockefeller Foundation 61 Broadway, New York ~R CONTENTS FACE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 61 REPORT OF THE GENERAL DIRECTOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL HEALTH BOARD 75 REPORT OF THE GENERAL DIRECTOR OF THE CHINA MEDICAL BOARD 277 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 339 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF STUDIES 359 REPORT OF THE TREASURER 371 INDEX 441 ILLUSTRATIONS Map of world-wide activities of Rockefeller Foundation in 1926.... 4 School of Public Health, Zagreb, Yugoslavia 17 Institute of Hygiene, Budapest, Hungary 17 Graduating class, Warsaw School of Nurses 18 Pages from "Methods and Problems of Medical Education" 18 Fellowships for forty-eight countries 41 I)r. Wallace Buttricfc 67 Counties of the United States with full-time health departments.... 90 Increa.se in county appropriations for full-time health work in four states of the United States 92 Reduction in typhoid death-rate in state of North Carolina, in counties with full-time health organizations, and in counties without such organizations 94 Reduction in infant mortality rate in the state of Virginia, in counties with full-time health organizations, and in counties without such organizations 95 Health unit booth at a county fair in Alabama 101 Baby clinic in a rural area of Alabama 101 Pupils of a rural school in Tennessee who have the benefit of county health service 102 Mothers and children at county health unit clinic in Ceylon 102 States which have received aid in strengthening their health services 120 Examining room, demonstration health center, Hartberg, Austria.
    [Show full text]
  • View a List of Commonwealth Visits Since 1952
    COMMONWEALTH VISITS SINCE 1952 Kenya (visiting Sagana Lodge, Kiganjo, where The 6 February 1952 Queen learned of her Accession) 24-25 November 1953 Bermuda 25-27 November 1953 Jamaica 17-19 December 1953 Fiji 19-20 December 1953 Tonga 23 December 1953 - 30 January 1954 New Zealand Australia (New South Wales (NSW), Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, 3 February - 1 April 1954 Queensland, Western Australia) 5 April 1954 Cocos Islands 10-21 April 1954 Ceylon 27 April 1954 Aden 28-30 April 1954 Uganda 3-7 May 1954 Malta 10 May 1954 Gibraltar 28 January - 16 February 1956 Nigeria 12-16 October 1957 Canada (Ontario) Canada (opening of St. Lawrence Seaway, Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Prince 18 June - 1 August 1959 Edward Island, Nova Scotia) 21 January - 1 February 1961 India 1-16 February 1961 Pakistan 16-26 February 1961 India 1-2 March 1961 India 9-20 November 1961 Ghana 25 November - 1 December 1961 Sierra Leone 3-5 December 1961 Gambia Canada (refuelling in Edmonton and overnight stop in 30 January - 1 February 1963 Vancouver) 2-3 February 1963 Fiji 6-18 February 1963 New Zealand Australia (ACT, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, NSW, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western 18 February - 27 March 1963 Australia) 5-13 October 1964 Canada (Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ottawa) 1 February 1966 Canada (refuelling in Newfoundland) 1 February 1966 Barbados 4-5 February 1966 British Guiana 7-9 February 1966 Trinidad 10 February 1966 Tobago 11 February 1966 Grenada 13 February 1966 St.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Final Draft Prior to Minor Editorial Changes and Type Setting. Published In: Nature Geoscience, V. 5, P. 676-677 (2012) Proble
    Final draft prior to minor editorial changes and type setting. Published in: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 676-677 (2012) Problematic plate reconstruction Brian E. Tucholke and Jean-Claude Sibuet To the Editor – As has been previously proposed1,2, Bronner et al.3 suggest that opening of the rift between Newfoundland and Iberia involved exhumation of mantle rocks until 112 million years ago, subsequent seafloor spreading, and crustal thickening along the high-amplitude J magnetic anomaly by magma that propagated from the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge area. Conventionally, the anomalous magnetism and basement ridges associated with the J anomaly north of the Newfoundland-Gibraltar Fracture Zone are thought to have formed about 125 million years ago at chron M02,3 (Fig. 1a), although the crust probably experienced some later magmatic overprinting4. The M0 age would make their formation simultaneous with that of the similar J anomaly and basement ridges (the J Anomaly Ridge and Madeira Tore Rise) along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the south5,6 and place them within a zone of exhumed mantle in the Newfoundland-Iberia rift2,3. In contrast, Bronner et al.3 propose that the J anomaly and associated basement ridges were formed by later magmatism (about 112 million years ago) that marked the end of mantle exhumation in the rift. We argue here that constraints from plate tectonic reconstructions render this possibility untenable. The magnetic model central to the Bronner et al.3 paper is plausible (although no more so than models based on M-series geomagnetic reversal data2,7-9), but it is problematic in terms of plate reconstructions.
    [Show full text]
  • UNDERSTANDING MANUMISSION, SELF-PURCHASE, and FREEDOM in 19Th CENTURY BERMUDA
    “AS IF SHE HAD BEEN ACTUALLY BORN FREE” UNDERSTANDING MANUMISSION, SELF-PURCHASE, AND FREEDOM IN 19th CENTURY BERMUDA by © Erin Mick Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador January 2019 Supervisor: Dr. Neil Kennedy The research for this thesis was funded in part by a grant provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) ABSTRACT Despite its significant role since the early 17th century as a maritime center of the Atlantic economy, Bermuda and its role in the slave trade, particularly in the illicit slave trade after 1807, have been left largely unexplored by historians of enslavement. Those few histories, and historic travel accounts, which do focus on Bermuda tend to associate its small size, maritime economy, relatively low reported rate of severe physical punishment of slaves, and the rough parity of white and black demography, with a benign or mitigated reality of enslavement compared to other areas of the slaveholding world. After cataloguing and analyzing documents from the Colonial Secretary’s Books of Miscellany, held by the Bermuda National Archives, the volume of manumission and self- purchase records alone could easily make for an argument that bolsters the previous historiography of benignity. However, through discussing a number of case studies drawn from the Books of Miscellany, new perspectives on 19th century understandings of freedom and slavery bubble to the surface. This thesis aims to broach the topics of manumission, self-purchase, and slave-owner negotiation in an effort to reveal the sheer complexity of how freedom was understood, used, negotiated, upheld, withheld, and performed by Bermudians, both black and white, both slave and free, in the final three decades leading up to Emancipation in 1834.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Phytokarst from Hell, Cayman Islands, British West Indies
    ROBERT L. FOLK Geology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 HARRY H. ROBERTS Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 CLYDE H. MOORE Geology Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Black Phytokarst from Hell, Cayman Islands, British West Indies ABSTRACT the whole surface, actively boring and dis- solving their way into the rock and are not Phytokarst is a distinctive landform result- simply a surface coating; and the major distinc- ing from a curious type of biologic erosion. tive morphological features—delicately spongy Filamentous algae bore their way into lime- form and random orientation—are produced stone to produce black-coated, jagged pin- by boring plants, not through solution by rain- nacles marked by delicate, lacy dissection that water which simply washes over the surface. lacks any gravitational orientation. Ordinary rainfall-produced karst and littoral karst are LOCATION AND GEOLOGY characterized by flat-bottomed pans and verti- The Cayman Islands (Fig. 1) lie perched cally oriented flutes, thus differing from upon the Cayman Ridge, which extends phytokarst. Algae attack by dissolving calcite westerly toward Honduras from the Sierra preferentially to dolomite. Maestra of eastern Cuba. Grand Cayman (19°20' N.) has 65 in. annual rainfall. The INTRODUCTION fundamental geologic work on the three small An unusually grotesque karst, characterized British islands is by Matley (1926). Each by jagged, spongy pinnacles of black-surfaced island has a nucleus of Bluff Limestone deter- limestone, occurs spectacularly at Hell, Grand mined by Matley to be Oligocene to Miocene Cayman, British West Indies, and other locali- in age based on identification of corals and ties in the Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • An Archaeological and Historical Study of Guana Island, British Virgin Islands
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects Summer 2018 On The Margins of Empire: An Archaeological and Historical Study of Guana Island, British Virgin Islands Mark Kostro College of William and Mary - Arts & Sciences, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Kostro, Mark, "On The Margins of Empire: An Archaeological and Historical Study of Guana Island, British Virgin Islands" (2018). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1530192807. http://dx.doi.org/10.21220/s2-0wy4-3r12 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. On the Margins of Empire: An archaeological and historical study of Guana Island, British Virgin Islands. Mark Kostro Williamsburg, Virginia Master of Arts, College of William & Mary, 2003 Bachelor of Arts, Rutgers University, 1996 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of The College of William & Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology College of William & Mary May 2018 © Copyright by Mark Kostro 2018 APPROVAL PAGE This Dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved by the Committee, March 2018 �or=--:: Arts and Sciences Distingu ed Professor Audrey Horning, Anthropology Col ege of William & Mary National Endowment for the Humanities(/{; Pr Micha I-Blakey, Anthropology e of William & Mary ssor Neil Norman, Anthropology College of William & Mary Ass!!d:..f J H:il.
    [Show full text]
  • Straits Settlements ======
    Modern Dime Size Silver Coins of the World STRAITS SETTLEMENTS ====================================================================== ====================================================================== 1890 H - TEN CENTS - OBVERSE 1890 H - TEN CENTS - REVERSE ====================================================================== ====================================================================== STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, BRITISH CROWN COLONY of BIRMINGHAM MINT FOOTNOTE: The Modern Dime Size Silver Coins of the Straits ====================================================================== Settlements begins with the London issue of 1871 and continues TEN CENTS 18MM .800 FINE 2.71 GRAMS through 1927 with coins struck at the Royal Mint, London, and ====================================================================== Branch mint of Bombay along with coinage ordered from the pri- vate mint; Ralph Heaton & Sons, Ltd. of Birmingham. The listings 1872 230,000 are in mint order. Currency of Colony; The Straits Settlements 1874 180,000 dollar = 100 cents. 1876 120,000 1879 250,000 FOOTNOTE: Ralph Heaton & Sons - In 1860, the Heaton brothers 1880 235,000 erected a new mint in Icknield Street, Birmingham, and their title 1882 430,000 was changed to Ralph Heaton & Sons; in 1889 the firm was con- 1883 610,000 verted to a limited company under the title The Mint Birmingham 1890 730,000 Limited, with the mintmark H continued to be used. 1897 390,000 1900 1,000,000 ====================================================================== ¿OV: Head of
    [Show full text]