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Health Systems in Transition
61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 1 03/03/2020 09:55 Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Vol. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Health Systems in Transition: in Transition: Health Systems C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Latvia Latvia Health system review Daiga Behmane Alina Dudele Anita Villerusa Janis Misins The Observatory is a partnership, hosted by WHO/Europe, which includes other international organizations (the European Commission, the World Bank); national and regional governments (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Kristine Klavina Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy); other health system organizations (the French National Union of Health Insurance Funds (UNCAM), the Dzintars Mozgis Health Foundation); and academia (the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Giada Scarpetti London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)). The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London at LSE and LSHTM) and at the Berlin University of Technology. HiTs are in-depth profiles of health systems and policies, produced using a standardized approach that allows comparison across countries. They provide facts, figures and analysis and highlight reform initiatives in progress. Print ISSN 1817-6119 Web ISSN 1817-6127 61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 2 03/03/2020 09:55 Giada Scarpetti (Editor), and Ewout van Ginneken (Series editor) were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European -
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ESUKA – JEFUL 2014, 5–1: 27–36 LIVONIAN LANDSCAPES IN THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF LIVONIA AND THE DIVISION OF THE LIVONIAN TRIBES Urmas Sutrop Institute of the Estonian Language, Tallinn, and the University of Tartu Abstract. There is no exact consensus on the division and sub-division of the former Livonian territories at the end of the ancient independence period in the 12th century. Even the question of the Coastal Livonians in Courland – were they an indigenous Livonian tribe or a replaced eastern Livonian tribe – remains unsolved. In this paper the anonymously published treatise on the historical geography of Livonia by Johann Christoph Schwartz (1792) will be analysed and compared with the historical modern views. There is an agreement on the division of the Eastern Livonian territories into four counties: Daugava, Gauja, Metsepole, and Idumea. Idumea had a mixed Livo- nian-Baltic population. There is no consensus on the parochial sub-division of these counties. Keywords: Johann Christoph Schwartz, historical geography, Livonian tribes, Livonians DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.02 1. Introduction It is commonly believed that Livonians (like Estonians) did not form either territorial or political unity at the end of the ancient independence period in the 12th century (see e.g. Koski 1997: 45). The first longer document where Livonians are described is the Livonian Chronicle (Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) for the period 1180 to 1227 written by Henry of Livonia, an eyewitness of these events. Modern ideas on the division of Eastern Livonian peoples and territories go back to the cartographic work of Heinrich Laakmann, who divided Livonians into three territories – Daugava, Thoreida, and Metsepole; and added that there was a mixed Livonian-Baltic population at the end of the 12th century in Idumea (see the map Baltic Lands: population about 1200 AD and explanation to this map in Laakmann 1954). -
Agriheritage Cross Border Tours
Historical Heritage in Agritourism Farms in Latvia and Lithuania Latgale – Aukštaitija: craft foods and artisans (Driving a car) During this trip you will visit the workshops of craftspeople, farms that breed horses, as well as various destinations where you can enjoy country goodies. Ancient skills are now a modern application. First you will stop in Ikšķile, and at the very beginning of the trip, you will visit a cellar that stores birch juice wine and taste sparkling wine. In Skrīveri, you will be surprised by the transformation of milk. A cosy café on the main street of the small town offers outstanding homemade ice cream featuring strawberry, anchovy and horseradish flavours. In Koknese, you can supplement your wardrobe with a new leather belt, bag or stylish leather jewellery. A farm that grows hemp will offer a small tour, as well as hemp delicacies. The work of black ceramics masters in Latgale fits into modern interiors. The Aglona Bread Museum offers a chance for visitors to bake their own loaf of bread. The visit to the next farm will allow you to add tasty cheese that has been made from milk from Latvian brown cows. The last stop in Latvia will be Daugavpils, which features an art centre featuring the work of the globally known abstractionist Mark Rothko, as well as the Daugavpils fortress, that was built in the 19th century and is an impressive military building. This is one of the most popular tourist destinations. From there you will travel to Lithuania, where you will visit several traditional farms. The Ilzenbergo Dvaras estate has a bio-dynamic farm. -
Circular Economy and Bioeconomy Interaction Development As Future for Rural Regions. Case Study of Aizkraukle Region in Latvia
Environmental and Climate Technologies 2019, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 129–146 doi: 10.2478/rtuect-2019-0084 https://content.sciendo.com Circular Economy and Bioeconomy Interaction Development as Future for Rural Regions. Case Study of Aizkraukle Region in Latvia Indra MUIZNIECE1*, Lauma ZIHARE2, Jelena PUBULE3, Dagnija BLUMBERGA4 1–4Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, Azenes iela 12/1, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia Abstract – In order to enforce the concepts of bioeconomy and the circular economy, the use of a bottom-up approach at the national level has been proposed: to start at the level of a small region, encourage its development, considering its specific capacities and resources, rather than applying generalized assumptions at a national or international level. Therefore, this study has been carried out with an aim to develop a methodology for the assessment of small rural areas in the context of the circular economy and bioeconomy, in order to advance the development of these regions in an effective way, using the existing bioresources comprehensively. The methodology is based on the identification of existing and potential bioeconomy flows (land and its use, bioresources, human resources, employment and business), the identification of the strengths of their interaction and compare these with the situation at the regional and national levels in order to identify the specific region's current situation in the bioeconomy and identify more forward-looking directions for development. Several methods are integrated and interlinked in the methodology – indicator analysis, correlation and regression analysis, and heat map tables. The methodology is approbated on one case study – Aizkraukle region – a small rural region in Latvia. -
The Chronicle Henry of Livonia
THE CHRONICLE of HENRY OF LIVONIA HENRICUS LETTUS TRANSLATED WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY James A. Brundage � COLUMBIA UNIVERSI'IY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press RECORDS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION is a series published under the aus Publishers Since 1893 pices of the InterdepartmentalCommittee on Medieval and Renaissance New York Chichester,West Sussex Studies of the Columbia University Graduate School. The Western Records are, in fact, a new incarnation of a venerable series, the Co Copyright© University ofWisconsin Press, 1961 lumbia Records of Civilization, which, for more than half a century, New introduction,notes, and bibliography© 2003 Columbia University Press published sources and studies concerning great literary and historical All rights reserved landmarks. Many of the volumes of that series retain value, especially for their translations into English of primary sources, and the Medieval and Renaissance Studies Committee is pleased to cooperate with Co Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData lumbia University Press in reissuing a selection of those works in pa Henricus, de Lettis, ca. II 87-ca. 12 59. perback editions, especially suited for classroom use, and in limited [Origines Livoniae sacrae et civilis. English] clothbound editions. The chronicle of Henry of Livonia / Henricus Lettus ; translatedwith a new introduction and notes by James A. Brundage. Committee for the Records of Western Civilization p. cm. - (Records of Western civilization) Originally published: Madison : University of Wisconsin Press, 1961. Caroline Walker Bynum With new introd. Joan M. Ferrante Includes bibliographical references and index. CarmelaVircillo Franklin Robert Hanning ISBN 978-0-231-12888-9 (cloth: alk. paper)---ISBN 978-0-231-12889-6 (pbk.: alk. -
Ritvars Bušmanis 1962, Valmiera Aqua
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6 Column7 Column8 Column9 Sacensību Punkti pēc Punktu Ieņemtā Laiks Punkti Vārds, Uzvārds, klubs, pilsēta datums Sacensību vieta DSV summa vieta 2:10.62 1064 Edgars Ozoliņš 1959, PK Champions 12.02.2017 Rīga 1064 200 58,36 983 Edgars Ozoliņš 1959, PK Champions 11.02.2017 Rīga 983 100 1:10.24 955 Edgars Ozoliņš, 1959 PK Champions 28.01.2017 Rīga 955 100K 26,58 944 Edgars Ozoliņš,1959 PK Champions 12.02.2017 Rīga 945 50 4:56.00 879 Edgars Ozoliņš 1959, PK Champions 11.11.2017 Koknese 931 400 4878 1 25,50 1019 Iļja Koļesņikovs 1982, Rēzekne 12.02.2017 Rīga 1019 50D 27,58 952 Iļja Koļesņikovs 1982, Rēzekne 11.02.2017 Rīga 953 50M 1:00.78 917 Iļja Koļesņikovs 1982, Rēzekne 11.02.2017 Rīga 917 100K 24.50 827 Iļja Koļesņikovs 1982, Rēzekne 16.12.2017 Šauļi LT 907 50 55.32 Iļja Koļesņikovs Rēzekne 15.08.2017 Budapešta HU 830 100 4626 2 1:03.78 794 Jānis Plotnieks 1971, PK Ķīpsala 26.02.2017 Kaļiņingrada (RUS) 926 100M 29,95 749 Jānis Plotnieks 1971, PK Ķīpsala 25.02.2017 Kaļiņingrada (RUS) 876 50M 2:29.05 857 Jānis Plotnieks 1971, Rīga, PK Ķīpsala 10.06.2017 Rīga 858 200M 2:35.83 391 Jānis Plotnieks 1971, Rīga, PK Ķīpsala 16.06.2017 Varšava (PL) 820 200K 5:35.78 805 Jānis Plotnieks 1971, Rīga, PK Ķīpsala 09.06.2017 Rīga 805 400K 4285 3 1:10.07 Reinis Eisaks 1982, Rīga, PK Ķīpsala 15.08.2017 Budapešta HU 853 100B 2:22.98 Reinis Eisaks 1982, Rīga, PK Ķīpsala 16.08.2017 Budapešta HU 844 200K 31.61 Reinis Eisaks 1982, Rīga, PK Ķīpsala 20.08.2017 Budapešta HU 789 50B 1:04.22 777 Reinis Eisaks, 1982 PK Ķīpsala -
Factors Affecting and Determining Local Depopulation
FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA XVIII NEW GEOGRAPHIES OF WELLBEING: NATURE, RESOURCES, POPULATIONS AND MOBILITIES FACTORS AFFECTING AND DETERMINING LOCAL DEPOPULATION Faktori, kas ietekmē un nosaka iedzīvotāju skaita lokālo pieaugumu un samazinājumu Eduards Zarins, Juris Paiders University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences [email protected] Abstract. This paper analyses the factors that influence and determine the local population growth and decrease in rural areas of Latvia based on population changes at micro level (1x1 km square grid areas) in 2000–2018. Quantitative analysis of the spatial structure of the population was carried out in three reference territories. Results suggest that the proportion of territories with population increase in Latvian municipalities (2000–2018) has a very strong and statistically significant correlation to population changes (2000–2018) in the respective municipality. This may lead to the conclusion that the influence of other factors on the location of the territories in the spatial structure of the municipality where population growth is observed is not statistically significant. Keywords: population geography, population changes, spatial population structure DOI: 10.22364/fg.18.2 Introduction Population shrinkage is a significant problem for Latvia. The main cause of population decrease in Latvia is migration. Migration and its influencing factors are an important area of research in population geography (Bērziņš et al. 2018). The territorial disparities of migration have received the attention of many researchers in Latvia (e.g. Krisjane et al. 2017; Zhitin et al. 2018; Arbidane & Markevica 2016; Göler et al. 2014; Apsite et al. 2012; Krisjane & Berzins 2012) and in the European context (Poot et al. -
Elektrum Row, Thus Remaining the Cornerstone of the Latvian Energy Supply Brand in Compliance with Its Chosen Operational Strategy
Sustainability and Annual Report 2019 How to Use the Report GRI indicators disclosed in the section AboutReturn Latvenergo to Group the Contents page GRI 102-48, 102-49, 102-50, 102-51, 102-52, 102-53, 102-54 – Foreword – About the Report About the Report – About the Group – Group Strategy Reporting period 1 January 2019 – 31 December 2019 Reporting frequency Annually, since 2009, in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Guidelines. – Corporate Social About Latvenergo Group Responsibility Publication date 8 April 2020 – Foreword Publication date of the previous report 17 April 2019 – Awards – About the Report Navigate Global Reporting Initiative The Sustainability Report 2019 has been prepared in accordance with the GRI Standards Core level requirements and includes non-financial – About the Group information as stated by Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and the Law on the Financial Instruments Market. between sections – Group Strategy Corporate Governance Scope of the report The report discloses information about Latvenergo Group (see the section About the Group). – Corporate Social Responsibility Content of the report The report discloses information about the topics and indicators that are important to the operations and sustainability of the Group. Link to an external source General Standard Disclosures are fully covered according to the GRI Standards Core level requirements. Based on the materiality assessment, Operating Segments – Awards 16 material topics relevant to the sustainability of the Group and 31 Specific Standard Disclosures are disclosed (see the GRI Index table). or another section in the report The report preparation process is described in the section Materiality Assessment. -
17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia
Madis Maasing 17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia 17.1 Introduction At the beginning of the sixteenth century, political rhetoric in Livonia was shaped by the threat posed by an alien power: Following a significant deterio- ration in the relations between the Catholic Livonian territories and their mighty Eastern Orthodox neighbour – the Grand Duchy of Moscow – war broke out, lasting from 1501 to 1503, with renewed armed conflict remaining an immi- nent threat until 1509. During this period of confrontation, and afterwards, the Livonians (i.e., the political elite of Livonia) fulminated in their political writ- ings about the gruesome, schismatic, and even infidel Russians, who posed a threat not only to Livonia, but to Western Christendom in general. In the Holy Roman Empire and at the Roman Curia, these allegations were quite favoura- bly received. Arguably, the Livonians’ greatest success took the form of a papal provision for two financially profitable anti-Russian indulgence campaigns (1503–1510). For various political reasons, the motif of a permanent and general ‘Russian threat’ had ongoing currency in Livonia up until the Livonian War (1558–1583). Even after the collapse of the Livonian territories, the Russian threat motif continued to be quite effectively used by other adversaries of Mos- cow – e.g., Poland-Lithuania and Sweden. I will focus here first and foremost on what was behind the initial success of the Russian threat motif in Livonia, but I will also address why it persisted for as long as it did. A large part of its success was the fact that it drew upon a similar phenomenon – the ‘Turkish threat’,1 which played a significant role in the political rhetoric of Early Modern Europe, especially in south-eastern 1 This research was supported by the Estonian Research Council’s PUT 107 programme, “Me- dieval Livonia: European Periphery and its Centres (Twelfth–Sixteenth Centuries)”, and by the European Social Fund’s Doctoral Studies and Internationalization Programme DoRa, which is carried out by Foundation Archimedes. -
The Saeima (Parliament) Election
/pub/public/30067.html Legislation / The Saeima Election Law Unofficial translation Modified by amendments adopted till 14 July 2014 As in force on 19 July 2014 The Saeima has adopted and the President of State has proclaimed the following law: The Saeima Election Law Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Citizens of Latvia who have reached the age of 18 by election day have the right to vote. (As amended by the 6 February 2014 Law) 2.(Deleted by the 6 February 2014 Law). 3. A person has the right to vote in any constituency. 4. Any citizen of Latvia who has reached the age of 21 before election day may be elected to the Saeima unless one or more of the restrictions specified in Article 5 of this Law apply. 5. Persons are not to be included in the lists of candidates and are not eligible to be elected to the Saeima if they: 1) have been placed under statutory trusteeship by the court; 2) are serving a court sentence in a penitentiary; 3) have been convicted of an intentionally committed criminal offence except in cases when persons have been rehabilitated or their conviction has been expunged or vacated; 4) have committed a criminal offence set forth in the Criminal Law in a state of mental incapacity or a state of diminished mental capacity or who, after committing a criminal offence, have developed a mental disorder and thus are incapable of taking or controlling a conscious action and as a result have been subjected to compulsory medical measures, or whose cases have been dismissed without applying such compulsory medical measures; 5) belong -
Gradients of Latvian Magnetic Anomalies
Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University Sustainable Spatial Development 2011 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume 2 Gradients of Latvian Magnetic Anomalies Vladimir Vertennikov, Riga Technical University Abstract. This article discusses one of the most important and vertical gradients. It is possible to determine those geophysical factors, which produces an impact on the gradients by calculations or measurements using special demographic processes and reflects the nature of variability in instruments – magnetic gradiometers. Instrumented gradient the anomalous magnetic field intensity in space. The article characterises the horizontal magnetic gradients, which vary measurements are predominantly utilised in local areas during within the wide range: from 10 to 2400 nT/km. It distinguishes prospecting and exploration for minerals. In regional magnetic scale and magnetic gradient areas. The article gives an investigations, to which concrete operations associated with ecodemographic evaluation of the territory of Latvia by the investigating the impact of geophysical factors on gradience of the anomalous magnetic field. demographic processes belong, horizontal gradients are the main factor; they are determined by calculations. Keywords: horizontal magnetic gradient, magnetic scale, magnetic gradient area, ecodemographic evaluation of territory by magnetic gradience. CHARACTERISATION OF HORIZONTAL MAGNETIC GRADIENTS The magnetic field is represented in the Latvian territory by a complex set of anomalies with different signs, intensity, size The gradient is an important parameter of anomalous and morphology. The transitions from one anomaly to another magnetic field. The discussion deals with the spatial intensity are expressed through changes in the field intensity and are variations. The thing is that the intensity of the anomalous either gradual, occurring step-by-step, or abrupt. -
Annual Report on the Year 2011 by Ombudsman of the Republic of Latvia
Annual Report on the year 2011 by Ombudsman of the Republic of Latvia Riga, 2012 2 Preamble by the Ombudsman ........................................................................... 7 Protection of the Rights of children .................................................................. 10 What are the rights of children? ............................................................................................... 10 Priorities in the field of the rights of children ........................................................................... 10 I. Children in state social care facilities (nursing homes)...................................... 11 1. The right of child to grow up in family................................................................................. 11 2. The right of child with special needs to grow up in family.................................................... 13 3. Ensuring of the right of siblings to be not separated ............................................................. 14 4. Number of children accomodated at PSCCs and their right to qualitative care...................... 15 5. Alternative forms of care...................................................................................................... 16 6. Social work with a family .................................................................................................... 18 7. Immediate steps to be taken to ensure the right of children to grow up in family or to ensure family-based care....................................................................................................................