DOCSLIB.ORG

Shamanvol24 2016.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shamanvol24 2016.Pdf SHAMAN Articles in this volume are dedicated to Vilmos Voigt An outstanding scholar of religious studies, and a member of the Editorial Board of Shaman. Journal of the International Society for Academic Research on Shamanism on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday Part Two 1 a Babulal threatens the onlookers, unable to control the supernatural being which has possessed him. Photo: Diana Riboli, 199?Riboli, 199? Front and back covers show motives taken from Sámi shamans’s drums, from Ernst Manker’s Die lappische Zaubertrommel (Stockholm, 1938). Copyright © 2016 Molnar & Kelemen Oriental Publishers, Budapest Photographs © 2016 Ágnes Kerezsi, Attila Király (Hungarian National Museum, Budapest), Eric J. Montgomery, Nenevi, Shetland Museum & Archives (Lerwick), Dávid Somfai Kara Map © 2016 Béla Nagy All rights resereved. No part of this publicaton may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, photocopying or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers. 1 b Babulal threatens the onlookers, unable to control the supernatural being which has possessed him. Photo: Diana Riboli, 199?Riboli, 199? ISSN 1216-7827 Printed in Hungary SHAMAN Volume 24 Numbers 1 & 2 Spring/Autumn 2016 Contents Articles The Self-Definition of a Community: Shaman Stories among the Nganasan of Northern Siberia virág dyekiss 5 Garbal: A Western Buryat Shaman Song györgy kara 19 Characteristics of the Surgut Khanty Shamans ágnes kerezsi 47 Shamanism and Voodoo in Togo: The Life and Acts of Sofo Bisi eric james montgomery 65 Matthias Alexander Castrén, Lars Levi Laestadius and Antal Reguly: Pioneers of Northern Ethnography juha pentikäinen 93 The Last Yugur Shaman from Sunan, Gansu (China) dávid somfai kara 113 Common Law Customary Land Rights as a Catalyst for the Resurgence of Orang Asli Shamanism in Peninsular Malaysia: Some Lessons from the Semai and Temiar Peoples yogeswaran subramaniam with juli edo 133 The Hunting of the Vétt: In Search of the Old Norse Shamanic Drum clive tolley 155 Review Article Studies on Turkic Mythology: New Sources firdaus g. khisamitdinova 211 Book Reviews egon wamers (Hrsg.) Bärenkult und Schamanenzauber. Rituale früher Jäger (Michael Knüpper) 221 VOL. 24. NOS. 1-2. SHAMAN SPRING/AUTUMN 2016 The Self-Definition of a Community: Shaman Stories among the Nganasan of Northern Siberia VIRÁG DYEKISS BUDAPEST, HUNGARY Stories told among the Nganasan people of the Taĭmyr Peninsula in North- ern Siberia that recount the outstanding deeds of their shamans retain their central importance to this day. A significant proportion of these myths recount the unrepeatable deeds of the mythical shamans, the ur-fathers of the clans (Khoterie, Fala). The outstanding deeds of the shamans that followed him move beyond the general abilities of the shamans; they shock their audience and thus become suited for generations to recount them and to use a par- ticular shaman story as a reference to a particular clan as well. These deeds could be positive (for example, freezing a flowing river to make it crossable, resurrecting a person who has been dead for a year and curing a deity) or negative (for example, making a drum for himself out of the skin of an orphan girl). Each of the shaman’s deeds has an influence on the community with which he is entrusted. The figure of the shaman is therefore suitable to representing the entire clan. The Nganasan people (or Nya by their endonym), who are among the Northern Samoyed peoples, has traditionally led a nomadic lifestyle in the northern part of the Taĭmyr Peninsula. According to available data, they number around 1,000. They have tended herds of reindeer of relatively small size, and they were primarily engaged in hunting wild reindeer. Since these animals wandered to the north in spring, to the windswept wasteland of the tundra to avoid mosquitos as much as possible, and then in the autumn they again headed south to spend the winter in the forest-covered tundra areas richer in food, the basic expe- rience of the Nganasan traditional lifestyle was one of migration. More- over, catching wild geese, hunting various fur-bearing animals as well as traditional hunting and gathering also played an important role in their lives. Four or five extended families would migrate together with their sleighs filled with goods and passengers and pulled by domesticated 6 Virág Dyekiss reindeer. These groups were separated during the spring and summer seasons and moved to independent, smaller quarters and then united again in the autumn. Following the herds of reindeer, the Nganasan traveled a migratory route of over 8,000 kilometers and thus traversed the territory of their own clan. We know of altogether eight groups that once migrated together, and they were in close contact with the Dolgan who lived a bit further south (Popov 1966, 8–9). This lifestyle marked by following the migration of the wild reindeer with the purpose of hunt- ing and not focusing on keeping domesticated reindeer is unique in the region. The northern part of the Taĭmyr Peninsula is primarily a flat area about 100–110 meters above sea level. The plain is divided by lakes and small hills of 100–200 meters in height. The most significant lake in the region is Lake Taĭmyr, which is 700 sq. km in size and collects water from a number of rivers. These water courses and the catchment areas of the Rivers Pyasina and Khatanga that run into the sea played an important role in Nganasan hunting. During the hunt they would force the migrating reindeer into the rivers, at which point hunters lying in wait could easily aim their arrows at the animals scrambling about in the river and make the fatal shot. This method called for close coopera- tion among the hunters and ensured that they would outlive the winter. Knowing the migratory routes and the best hunting spots comprised an important part of the knowledge they required for survival. The Nganasan of Avam, who considered themselves a separate tribe, migrated in three groups to the plain territories bordered by the Rivers Avam, Pyasina, Ugarnaia, Buotankaga and Dudypta, which were occasionally dotted with hills; the overwhelming majority currently lives in the small settlement of Ust'-Avam. The Avam Nganasan group includes members of the Momdye, Ngamtusuo, Turdagin, Chunanchar and Porbin clans. In addition to origin, a network formed on the basis of territory was also very important.1 The other large group of Nganasan is that of the Vadeyev. Nganasan, who live further south; it consists of seven clans—the folklore material collected among them is very small. The language of the Nganasan falls within the Northern Samoyed branch of the Uralic language family and is closely related to Nenets and Enets. The Avam and Vadeyev Nganasan speak two different dialects. 1 For the Khanty, see Ruttkay-Miklián 2012, 29–39. The Self-Definition of a Community... 7 Unfortunately, language loss is currently very much advanced, and this process seems to be unstoppable due to changing life conditions. The traditional lifestyle of the Nganasan was not completely altered by the process of agricultural collectivization, since members of the three collectives organized in the 1930s continued to engage in fishing as well as hunting and keeping reindeer. Settling the nomad groups and building up Ust'-Avam began in 1970. In 1971, the Taĭmyr State Farm was established, which collected the hunters of the collective into a large organization. The prey had to be transferred to the col- lection centers so that they could fulfill the economic plan, so it was not efficacious to move away from urban centers (Ziker 2002). Within the state farm, an increasing number of Russian hunters arrived on the territory in the hopes of finding easy prey (Gracheva 1973). Therefore, a disproportionately large-scale destruction of the reindeer was now underway. In the 1980s, the domesticated reindeer died from contami- nated lichen. The nomadic lifestyle and migration therefore came to a halt. The use of new means of transport became common among the Nganasan (motorboats and motorized sleighs), but maintenance, repair and imported parts were unavailable to them. Moreover, these means were not suitable to transporting large amounts of prey, even though traditional hunting methods enabled them to bag a great deal at once. The lifestyle of this group of people therefore changed so dramatically that it had to lead to the large-scale transformation of its culture. By now the structure of the traditional culture has broken down, and the environmental and lifestyle conditions that created it have disappeared from daily life. However, elements can naturally be found in contempo- rary settled environments and even urban ones as well. Based on Nganasan folkloric texts, we also gain insight into a spiritu- ality and worldview that was integrally tied to their traditional lifestyle. As with other Siberian peoples, the shaman occupied a central place among the Nganasan as well in dealing with the problems that had emerged in their communities. Stories of shamans play an extremely significant role in the folklore. A small proportion of these stories are about mythical shaman ancestors who lived long ago, while other sto- ries commemorate the deeds of the shamans with outstanding talents within the various shaman clans. The mythical shamans used to live on earth before contemporary humans and had a hand in the formation of the world. We do not find proper names in these stories, and there is no sign of these shamans 8 Virág Dyekiss being the founders of the shaman dynasties that exist today. Two types of texts fall under this category, texts about: (1) shaman families that departed to the upper and lower worlds and (2) the shaman stranded on the moon. In the first case, one of the families, not having found prey on this earth, flew into the sky on its sacrificed reindeer, while the other headed downriver.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Image of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia in D.I. Karatanov Creative Work
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 1 (2015 8) 175-195 ~ ~ ~ УДК 7.041.8 The Image of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia in D.I. Karatanov Creative Work Maia G. Smolina* Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Received 15.07.2014, received in revised form 10.10.2014, accepted 01.12.2014 The subject of this article is the reflection of the Siberian indigenous people, the Kets (or so called “the Ostyaks”) in works by D.I. Karatanov. The aim of the research is achieved by analysis of individual features of these works – portraits, landscapes and many-figured scenes of everyday life. In this research were used such methods as structural and semantic analysis of art works, revelation and analysis of main compositional patterns, consideration of immanation and emanation parts of an artistic image. Following the results of the research, work plays the role of a fore-praying to the nature in the life of Kets fishermen. The result can be used in art sphere of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, history and culture of the Siberian Region and in researches dedicated to national and cultural identity. Keywords: Kratanov, Surikov, pictures, the Ostyaks, the Kets, work, fishing, the North, Siberia, Krasnoyarsk, composition, emanation, indigenous peoples, ethnography, expedition. Research area: art history. Introduction Settled facts in Karatanov’s biography make Dmitry Innokentyevich Karatanov the research of his works especially important in (1874-1952) is a famous artist of the the context of anthropology, Siberian ethnography Krasnoyarsk Territory and his role in Siberian and regional history.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WEIRD SISTERS an EDITED SCRIPT COMPRISING EXTRACTS from MACBETH Notes
    THE WEIRD SISTERS AN EDITED SCRIPT COMPRISING EXTRACTS FROM MACBETH Notes 1 RSC Associate Schools Playmaking Festival 2018. THE WEIRD SISTERS AN EDITED SCRIPT COMPRISING EXTRACTS FROM MACBETH 1 Thunder. Enter the three Witches. FIRST WITCH Round about the cauldron go; In the poisoned entrails throw. Toad, that under cold stone Days and nights has thirty-one Sweltered venom sleeping got, Boil thou first i’the charmèd pot. ALL Double, double toil and trouble: Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Drum within THIRD WITCH A drum, a drum! Macbeth doth come. ALL The weird sisters, hand in hand, Posters of the sea and land, Thus do go about, about: Thrice to thine and thrice to mine And thrice again, to make up nine. Peace! The charm’s wound up. Enter MACBETH and BANQUO MACBETH So foul and fair a day I have not seen. BANQUO What are these So withered and so wild in their attire, That look not like the inhabitants o’ the earth, And yet are on’t? Live you? You seem to understand me, By each at once her choppy finger laying Upon her skinny lips. MACBETH Speak, if you can: what are you? FIRST WITCH All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! SECOND WITCH All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! THIRD WITCH 1 All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter! 2 BANQUO Good sir, why do you start; and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair? MACBETH Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more: The thane of Cawdor lives, and to be king Stands not within the prospect of belief, Say from whence You owe this strange intelligence? Speak! Witches vanish BANQUO The earth hath bubbles, as the water has, And these are of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstructing Proto-Ugric and Proto-Uralic Object Marking Katalin É
    Reconstructing Proto-Ugric and Proto-Uralic Object Marking Katalin É. Kiss ([email protected]) Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy and Pázmány P. University Abstract This paper demonstrates that syntactic changes in the feature specifications of functional heads can be traced back to undocumented stages of languages. It reconstructs the object–verb relation in Proto-Uralic – by means of the comparative method adapted to syntax. Present-day Uralic languages display differential object–verb agreement and/or differential accusative marking. In double-marking languages, the head licensing object–verb agreement may be different from that licensing accusative-marking. The licensing conditions of object marking are also different across languages. It is argued that the Uralic parent language had both object-verb agreement and accusative assignment licensed by a TP-external functional head with a [topic] feature. The [topic] feature of this head has been reanalyzed as [specific] in Udmurt, and as [definite] in Hungarian – via a natural extention of the content of the notion of topicality. In languages with generalized accusative assignment, i.e., in Hungarian and Tundra Nenets, the licensing of object agreement and accusative marking have been divorced; the latter has come to be associated with v. Keywords: differential object marking (DOM), object–verb agreement, accusative, syntactic reconstruction, comparative method 1. Introduction According to the Borer–Chomsky Conjecture (Borer 1984), the parametric values of grammars are expressed in the functional lexicon. Under this assumption, syntactic changes involve changes in the feature specifications of functional heads. It is an open question whether changes of this type, affecting features of morphologically real or abstract syntactic heads, can be traced back to undocumented stages of languages (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • In Words and Images
    IN WORDS AND IMAGES 2017 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 The Academy Is the Academy 50 Estonia as a Source of Inspiration Is the Academy... 5 Its Ponderous Birth 52 Other Bits About Us 6 Its Framework 7 Two Pictures from the Past 52 Top of the World 55 Member Ene Ergma Received a Lifetime Achievement Award for Science 12 About the fragility of truth Communication in the dialogue of science 56 Academy Member Maarja Kruusmaa, Friend and society of Science Journalists and Owl Prize Winner 57 Friend of the Press Award 57 Six small steps 14 The Routine 15 The Annual General Assembly of 19 April 2017 60 Odds and Ends 15 The Academy’s Image is Changing 60 Science Mornings and Afternoons 17 Cornelius Hasselblatt: Kalevipoja sõnum 61 Academy Members at the Postimees Meet-up 20 General Assembly Meeting, 6 December 2017 and at the Nature Cafe 20 Fresh Blood at the Academy 61 Academic Columns at Postimees 21 A Year of Accomplishments 62 New Associated Societies 22 National Research Awards 62 Stately Paintings for the Academy Halls 25 An Inseparable Part of the National Day 63 Varia 27 International Relations 64 Navigating the Minefield of Advising the 29 Researcher Exchange and Science Diplomacy State 30 The Journey to the Lindau Nobel Laureate 65 Europe “Mining” Advice from Academies Meetings of Science 31 Across the Globe 66 Big Initiatives Can Be Controversial 33 Ethics and Good Practices 34 Research Professorship 37 Estonian Academy of Sciences Foundation 38 New Beginnings 38 Endel Lippmaa Memorial Lecture and Memorial Medal 40 Estonian Young Academy of Sciences 44 Three-minute Science 46 For Women in Science 46 Appreciation of Student Research Efforts 48 Student Research Papers’ π-prizes Introduction ife in the Academy has many faces.
    [Show full text]
  • Jaina Studies
    JAINA STUDIES Edited by Peter Flügel Volume 1 2016 Harrassowitz Verlag . Wiesbaden Johannes Klatt Jaina-Onomasticon Edited by Peter Flügel and Kornelius Krümpelmann 2016 Harrassowitz Verlag . Wiesbaden Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. For further information about our publishing program consult our website http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden 2016 This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the limits of copyright law without the permission of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. Printed on permanent/durable paper. Printing and binding: Hubert & Co., Göttingen Printed in Germany ISSN 2511-0950 ISBN 978-3-447-10584-2 Contents Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. 7 Life and Work of Johannes Klatt ........................................................................................ 9 (by Peter
    [Show full text]
  • Hartmut Walravens Letters of A. Schiefner About V.P. Vasil'ev
    Hartmut Walravens Letters of A. Schiefner about V.P. Vasil’ev The St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences had many members of German extraction like Wilhelm Radloff1 (1837–1918), Wilhelm Barthold2 (1869–1930) and S.F. Oldenburg3 (1863–1934) to quote just a few well-known names. Another scholar seems less known — in spite of the fact that he did ground-breaking research, published prolifically and pro- moted Russian scholarship abroad: Anton Schiefner4 (1817–1879) who served as a curator of the 2nd Section of the Academic Library (since 1848), adjunct for Tibetan (since 1852), and Academician extraordinary (since 1854). From 1856–1878, he was also director of the Ethnological Museum and, in 1860–1879, head of the 2nd section of the Academic Library. There is an entry in the Russian Biographical Dictionary5 but Schiefner’s name is only briefly mentioned in historical works — usually listing some of his publications6 but without giving much further information. There is no reference to Schiefner’s papers in uguevskij’s useful bibliography7 in spite of the fact that the Academy should have mate- rials on such a prominent and industrious member in its archives. Schiefner was a scholar of wide interests — having grown up in Revel (Tallinn) and being proficient in German (his mother tongue), Estonian, Russian, and Finnish. He knew Greek and Latin so well that he became a professor of the classical languages in St. Peters- burg. He studied Indology at Berlin university and specialized in Tibetan; so he became Isaak Jakob Schmidt’s8 successor at the Academy. He was one of the few dedicated linguists among the Orientalists at the time, and he published voluminous Ausführliche 1 Temir A.
    [Show full text]
  • Collectiones Museorum Manuscripta Castreniana Realia II, Ethnographica 1 Travaux Ethnographiques De La Société Finno-Ougrienne XXII
    Matthias Alexander Castrén Matthias Alexander Matt hias Alexander Castrén (1813–1852) was by far the most signifi cant Finn- ish linguist of the 19th century. In addition to being a linguist he was also a multidisciplinary scholar, equally versatile in the fi elds of ethnography, folklore, mythology, archaeology, history, and human geography. He left behind a huge corpus of fi eld data, collected by himself during prolonged expeditions to Kare- lia, Lapland, Arctic Russia, and Siberia between 1838 and 1849. In the short peri- ods of time Castrén spent in an academic environment, he had litt le opportunity to synthesize his collections, a situation aggravated by his rapidly progressing and ultimately fatal illness. Th erefore, a major part of his scholarly heritage re- mained unpublished when he died. Castrén was appointed Docent of Finnish and Ancient Nordic Languages and Tribes at the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki in 1841, and ten years later he became the fi rst Professor of the Finnish Language. M.A. Castrén considered ethnology as a historical science and an instru- ment for describing the early periods of Finnish history. On his expeditions, he carried out ethnographic observations and took notes of the dwellings, cos- tumes, way of life, and customs of indigenous Siberian peoples. According to the programme draft ed by the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Collectiones museorum Castrén collected ethnological artifacts for the Ethnographic Museum in Saint Petersburg, and some items for the Ethnographic Museum of the University of Helsinki. Th e present work concentrates on the collections which describe Castrén’s merits in ethnological studies and museology.
    [Show full text]
  • Ua2019 34.Pdf
    2500-2902 № 3 (34) 2019 Ural-Altaic Studies Урало-алтайские исследования ISSN 2500-2902 ISBN 978-1-4632-0168-5 Ural-Altaic Studies Scientific Journal № 3 (34) 2019 Established in 2009 Published four times a year Moscow © Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019 © Tomsk State University, 2019 ISSN 2500-2902 ISBN 978-1-4632-0168-5 Урало-алтайские исследования научный журнал № 3 (34) 2019 Основан в 2009 г. Выходит четыре раза в год Москва © Институт языкознания Российской академии наук, 2019 © Томский государственный университет, 2019 CONTENTS No 3 (34) 2019 Maria P. Bezenova, Natalja V. Kondratjeva. Some peculiarities of the Udmurt translation of “The law of the Lord” (1912): graphics, orthography, phonetics ...............................................................7 Anar A. Gadzhieva. Analysis of the vowel and consonant systems of the first Cyrillic books in Kazakh..............53 Karina O. Mischenkova. Reflections of the Proto-Evenki *s in the Evenki dialects in the late 17th century and the first half of the 18th century.....................................................................72 Irina A. Nevskaya, Aiiana A. Ozonova. Attempt of the questionnaire on the nominal sentences in the South-Siberian Turkic languages and the first results.........................................................................84 Iraida Ya. Selyutina, Nikolay S. Urtegeshev, Albina A. Dobrinina. Telengits consonants based on instrumental data .....................................................................................124
    [Show full text]
  • Macbeth in World Cinema: Selected Film and Tv Adaptations
    International Journal of English and Literature (IJEL) ISSN 2249-6912 Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 179-188 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. MACBETH IN WORLD CINEMA: SELECTED FILM AND TV ADAPTATIONS RITU MOHAN 1 & MAHESH KUMAR ARORA 2 1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Management and Humanities, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, India 2Associate Professor, Department of Management and Humanities, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, India ABSTRACT In the rich history of Shakespearean translation/transcreation/appropriation in world, Macbeth occupies an important place. Macbeth has found a long and productive life on Celluloid. The themes of this Bard’s play work in almost any genre, in any decade of any generation, and will continue to find their home on stage, in film, literature, and beyond. Macbeth can well be said to be one of Shakespeare’s most performed play and has enchanted theatre personalities and film makers. Much like other Shakespearean works, it holds within itself the most valuable quality of timelessness and volatility because of which the play can be reproduced in any regional background and also in any period of time. More than the localization of plot and character, it is in the cinematic visualization of Shakespeare’s imagery that a creative coalescence of the Shakespearean, along with the ‘local’ occurs. The present paper seeks to offer some notable (it is too difficult to document and discuss all) adaptations of Macbeth . The focus would be to provide introductory information- name of the film, country, language, year of release, the director, star-cast and the critical reception of the adaptation among audiences.
    [Show full text]
  • Macbeth in Film: Directorial Choices and Their Impact on the Audience Kellie Suzanne Mcclelland University of Mississippi
    University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2017 Macbeth in Film: Directorial Choices and Their Impact on the Audience Kellie Suzanne McClelland University of Mississippi. Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation McClelland, Kellie Suzanne, "Macbeth in Film: Directorial Choices and Their mpI act on the Audience" (2017). Honors Theses. 534. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/534 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MACBETH IN FILM: DIRECTORIAL CHOICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE AUDIENCE by Kellie Suzanne McClelland A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2017 Approved by ____________________________________ Adviser: Professor Ivo Kamps ____________________________________ Reader: Senior Lecturer Peter Wirth ____________________________________ Reader: Professor Karen Raber © 2017 Kellie Suzanne McClelland ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii To Dr. Ben McClelland for believing in me and encouraging me and supporting me on this, his Retirement Year, as well as every other time of my life. Thanks for it all. I love you, Daddy. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I owe my family, friends, and Him from whom all blessings flow my deepest gratitude for providing comfort and encouragement throughout this arduous journey that has become my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • FOOTPRINTS in the SNOW the Long History of Arctic Finland
    Maria Lähteenmäki FOOTPRINTS IN THE SNOW The Long History of Arctic Finland Prime Minister’s Office Publications 12 / 2017 Prime Minister’s Office Publications 12/2017 Maria Lähteenmäki Footprints in the Snow The Long History of Arctic Finland Info boxes: Sirpa Aalto, Alfred Colpaert, Annette Forsén, Henna Haapala, Hannu Halinen, Kristiina Kalleinen, Irmeli Mustalahti, Päivi Maria Pihlaja, Jukka Tuhkuri, Pasi Tuunainen English translation by Malcolm Hicks Prime Minister’s Office, Helsinki 2017 Prime Minister’s Office ISBN print: 978-952-287-428-3 Cover: Photograph on the visiting card of the explorer Professor Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. Taken by Carl Lundelius in Stockholm in the 1890s. Courtesy of the National Board of Antiquities. Layout: Publications, Government Administration Department Finland 100’ centenary project (vnk.fi/suomi100) @ Writers and Prime Minister’s Office Helsinki 2017 Description sheet Published by Prime Minister’s Office June 9 2017 Authors Maria Lähteenmäki Title of Footprints in the Snow. The Long History of Arctic Finland publication Series and Prime Minister’s Office Publications publication number 12/2017 ISBN (printed) 978-952-287-428-3 ISSN (printed) 0782-6028 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-429-0 ISSN (PDF) 1799-7828 Website address URN:ISBN:978-952-287-429-0 (URN) Pages 218 Language English Keywords Arctic policy, Northernness, Finland, history Abstract Finland’s geographical location and its history in the north of Europe, mainly between the latitudes 60 and 70 degrees north, give the clearest description of its Arctic status and nature. Viewed from the perspective of several hundred years of history, the Arctic character and Northernness have never been recorded in the development plans or government programmes for the area that later became known as Finland in as much detail as they were in Finland’s Arctic Strategy published in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Computing a World Tree of Languages from Word Lists
    From words to features to trees: Computing a world tree of languages from word lists Gerhard Jäger Tübingen University Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies October 16, 2017 Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 1 / 45 Introduction Introduction Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 2 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution The formation of dierent languages and of distinct species, and the proofs that both have been developed through a gradual process, are curiously parallel. [...] We nd in distinct languages striking homologies due to community of descent, and analogies due to a similar process of formation. The manner in which certain letters or sounds change when others change is very like correlated growth. [...] The frequent presence of rudiments, both in languages and in species, is still more remarkable. [...] Languages, like organic beings, can be classed in groups under groups; and they can be classed either naturally according to descent, or articially by other characters. Dominant languages and dialects spread widely, and lead to the gradual extinction of other tongues. (Darwin, The Descent of Man) Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 3 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution Vater Unser im Himmel, geheiligt werde Dein Name Onze Vader in de Hemel, laat Uw Naam geheiligd worden Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name Fader Vor, du som er i himlene! Helliget vorde dit navn Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 4 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution Gerhard Jäger
    [Show full text]