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Las Especies De Salvia (Lamiaceae) Para Argentina

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Las Especies De Salvia (Lamiaceae) Para Argentina DARWINIANA, nueva serie 4(1): 91-131. 2016 Versión final, efectivamente publicada el 31 de julio de 2016 DOI: 10.14522/darwiniana.2016.41.694 ISSN 0011-6793 impresa - ISSN 1850-1699 en línea LAS ESPECIES DE SALVIA (LAMIACEAE) PARA ARGENTINA Nataly O’Leary & Pablo Moroni Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (ANCEFN-CONICET), Labardén 200, Casilla de Correo 22, B1642HYD San Isi- dro, Buenos Aires, Argentina; [email protected] (autor corresponsal). Abstract. O’Leary, N. & P. Moroni. 2016. The species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) from Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 4(1): 91-131. Salvia is the biggest genus from Lamiceae, with almost 900 species. In Argentina it is represented by 23 taxa (20 species, one subspecies, and two varieties), four of these are adventive taxa, the rest are native, and one of these is endemic. Species are distributed predominantly in the north region of the te- rritory, reaching the provinces of La Pampa and Mendoza as the southern limit of its distribution. Each of the 23 Salvia taxa present in Argentina is described and illustrated, and a key for their identification is presented. Three new synonyms are proposed, Salvia borjensis new synonym of Salvia nervosa, Sal- via durifolia new synonym of Salvia ovalifolia var. ovalifolia and Salvia alba new synonym of Salvia personata, and ten lectotypes are designated for: Salvia approximata, S. arenaria, S. ovalifolia var. villosa, S. pallida, S. procurrens, S. reflexa, S. serrata, S. stachydifolia, S. uliginosa, and Salvia sect. Pycnosphace. Keywords. Lamiaceae; lectotypifications; new synonyms;Salvia ; taxonomy. Resumen. O’Leary, N. & P. Moroni. 2016. Las especies de Salvia (Lamiaceae) para Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 4(1): 91-131. Salvia es el género más grande de la familia Lamiaceae, con ca. 900 espcies. En Argentina está representado por 23 taxones (20 especies, una subespecie y dos variedades), cuatro de estos taxones son adventicios, el resto nativos y uno de ellos es endémico. Las especies se distribuyen principalmen- te en el norte del territorio, llegando a las provincias de La Pampa y Mendoza como límite sur de su distribución. Cada uno de los 23 taxones de Salvia presentes en Argentina es descripto e ilustrado y se presenta una clave para su identificación. Se proponen tres nuevos sinónimos, Salvia borjensis nuevo sinónimo de Salvia nervosa, Salvia durifolia nuevo sinónimo de Salvia ovalifolia var. ovalifolia y Sal- via alba nuevo sinónimo de Salvia personata, y se designan diez lectotipos para: Salvia approximata, S. arenaria, S. ovalifolia var. villosa, S. pallida, S. procurrens, S. reflexa, S. serrata, S. stachydifolia, S. uliginosa y Salvia sect. Pycnosphace. Palabras clave. Lamiaceae; lectotipificaciones; nuevos sinónimos;Salvia ; taxonomía. INTRODUCCIÓN do; el este y centro de Asia, la región medi- terránea, y América del Sur y Central son los Salvia L. es el género más grande de la fa- tres grandes centros de diversidad específica milia Lamiaceae, con ca. 900 especies (Harley (Walker et al., 2004). et al., 2004). Se distribuye por todo el mun- Las especies de Salvia son hierbas, sufrútices Original recibido el 21 de marzo de 2016, aceptado el 29 de abril de 2016 Editora Asociada: Silvia Denham 91 DARWINIANA, nueva serie 4(1): 91-131. 2016 o arbustos, frecuentemente aromáticos. Las in- xonómica completa de Salvia para Argentina. El florescencias son pseudoracimos compuestos por presente estudio provee una descripción completa verticilastros; el número de flores por verticilastro, de cada taxón de Salvia que crece en Argentina, así como el grado de densidad de los pseudoraci- junto con una clave para la identificación, ilustra- mos, son caracteres importantes a nivel especie. ciones, además de notas sobre nuevos sinónimos y Las flores son perfectas, zigomorfas, la longitud tipificaciones. de la corola, del mismo modo que el color de la misma, también constituyen caracteres relevantes para diferenciar especies. La característica que MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS permite distinguir el género Salvia es el aborto del par posterior de estambres y la concomitante Se han estudiado los ejemplares tipo y demás presencia de sólo dos estambres con elongación ejemplares de los herbarios BA, BAB, CTES, LIL del tejido conectivo que separa las tecas. Esta y SI (Thiers, 2016). A continuación de las siglas del elongación del conectivo está asociada a un me- herbario se muestra el número de código de barras, canismo de polinización exclusivo, en el cual el o se indica el número del herbario precedido por polinizador empuja la teca posterior mientras ac- un guión y en itálicas si no posee codigo de barras. cede al néctar en la base del tubo de la corola, Los materiales tipo fueron vistos en JSTOR (http:// causando que la teca anterior deposite polen so- plants.jstor.org/) o en las páginas Web de los herba- bre el polinizador a través de un mecanismo de rios (Ginebra: http://www.villege.ch/musinfo/bd/ palanca (Sprengel, 1793; Himmelbaur & Stibal, cjb/chg/index.php?lang=fr). En todos los casos la 1933–1935; Claßen-Bockhoff et al., 2003, 2004). elección del material designado como lectotipo se Recientes estudios filogenéticos en Salvia justifica por tratarse del material original más com- (Walker et al., 2004; Walker & Sytsma, 2007), pleto y representativo de la especie en cuestión. evidencian que el género no es monofilético y En el material examinado sólo se mencionan que este mecanismo de polinización asociado a ejemplares argentinos, y la descripción del género la morfología estaminal habría surgido tres veces Salvia se basa en ese material. En el Apéndice 1 se independientemente en el género. La clasificación brinda la lista de las especies y taxones infraespe- propuesta por Epling (1937, 1939) sería artificial, cíficos de Salvia aceptados para Argentina. En el basada en características morfológicas sin estable- Apéndice 2 se aporta un índice de colectores. cer relaciones filogenéticas. La mayoría de las especies de Salvia se agru- pan en el subgénero Calosphace (Benth.) Epling, TRATAMIENTO TAXONÓMICO taxón americano y monofilético (Walker et al., 2004). En la revisión de Salvia subg. Calosphace, Salvia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 23. 1753. ESPECIE TIPO: Epling (1939) menciona ca. 500 especies y las di- Salvia officinalis L. (designado por N. L. Bri- vide en 91 secciones. Todas las especies de Salvia tton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & presentes en Argentina, tanto nativas como adven- Brown), ed. 2, 3: 129. 1913). ticias, pertenecen a este subgénero, excepto S. ver- benaca L. que es orginaria de Europa y pertenece Arischrada Pobed., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 247. a la sect. Plethiosphace Bentham. 1972, nom. nov. Schraderia Heist. ex Medik. 1791, En Argentina, Salvia ha sido tratado de mane- nom. rej., non Schradera Vahl 1796, nom. cons. ES- ra parcial en las floras regionales de Entre Ríos PECIE TIPO: no designada. (Crespo, 1979) y Jujuy (Pontiroli, 1993). Epling Audibertia Benth., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: sub t. 1282. (1937), en su trabajo de las labiadas de América 1829. ESPECIE TIPO: Audibertia pusilla Benth. del Sur, reconoce 18 especies para Argentina. Re- Kiosmina Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 92. 1836[1837]. ESPECIE TIPO: cientemente, Zuloaga et al. (2008), en un catálogo Kiosmina hispanica (L.) Raf. (= Salvia hispanica L.). para Argentina, menciona 26 especies y dos varie- Polakia Stapf, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien dades de Salvia. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50(2): 43. 1885. ESPECIE Hasta el momento no existe una revisión ta- TIPO: Polakia paradoxa Stapf. 92 N. O’LEARY & P. MORONI. Salvia en Argentina Pycnosphace (Benth.) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts.: 1066. fértiles 2, el par superior vestigial o ausente, el 1917. Salvia sect. Pycnosphace Benth., Labiat. Gen. par inferior incluso o exerto; filamentos general- Spec.: 206, 302. 1833. ESPECIE TIPO: Salvia co- mente cortos; tecas generalmente una, conectivo lumbariae Benth. (lectotipo aquí designado). alargado, frecuentemente mas largo que el fila- Ramona Greene, Pittonia 2(12): 301–302. 1892. ES- mento, generalmente articulado en el punto de PECIE TIPO: Ramona polystachya (Benth.) Greene unión al filamento, algunas veces dentado, los (=Audibertia polystachya Benth.). brazos superiores (polinatorio) ascendiendo por Salviastrum Scheele, Linnaea 22(5): 584–586. 1849, debajo del labio superior de la corola, algunas ve- nom. illeg., non Heist. ex Fabr. 1759. ESPECIE ces recurvado, sosteniendo las tecas fértiles, los TIPO: Salviastrum texanum Scheele. brazos inferiores (vecciario) sosteniendo tecas reducidas, o reemplazados por callos aplanados, Hierbas anuales o perennes o sufrútices o estos algunas veces connatos. Disco nectarífero arbustos, muchas veces con raíces tuberosas, 4-lobado. Ovario 4-lobado; estigma con dos ra- frecuentemente aromáticos, usualmente con pu- mas estigmáticas desiguales. Frutos en clusas, bescencia abundante sobre los tallos, pelos fas- generalmente 4, trígonas, ovoides o elipsoidales, ciculados o simples o glandulares sésiles o pe- mucilaginosas o no, generalmente albuminosas, dicelados. Hojas opuestas, simples, pecioladas o la cicatriz de abscisión pequeña. sésiles, frecuentemente pubescentes como en los tallos. Inflorescencias terminales y/o axilares, fre- Distribución y hábitat. Salvia posee ca. 900 cuentemente en pseudoracimos, formada por ver- especies de distribución cosmopolita, abundante ticilastros distantes o aglomerados con 2-6(-20) en regiones montano tropicales. En Argentina cre- flores. Brácteas florales decusadas, inconspicuas cen 23 taxones (20 especies, una subespecie y dos o grandes
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