DOCSLIB.ORG

1987 AARS Winner

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1987 AARS Winner 1987 AARS Winner Pretty. Tough. This is Bonica™! Delicate used for protection and con­ enough to cut for arranging, trol in home, commercial and rugged enough for urban land­ public landscapes. An out­ scaping. This is a garden rose. standing performer in all This is an everblooming land­ America. It is highly disease scape shrub. resistant, practically mainte­ nance free, an extraordinarily Revolutionary. Bonica™ (var: dense, vigorous multi-season Meidomonac) is the first shrub. shrub rose in history to be named an All America Winner. A Pretty Tough Rose To Beat. Hardy. Versatile. The hybridizers of the House of Meilland have created a multi­ purpose, ever-blooming beautifier that can also be (var: Meidomonac) Plant Patent 5 105 NOW AVAILABLE From Nurseries, Garden Stores and Landscape Professionals Everywhere. VOLUME 66 NUMBER 2 President's Page: AHS Moving Forward by Everitt L. Miller 2 The Design Page: Garden Illusions by Margaret Hensel 5 A Catalogue Review: Tree & Shrub Suppliers by Peter Loewer 8 Miracle on 104th Street Text and Photography by Lynden B. Miller 14 New Plants for 1987 by the Staff of American Horticulturist 18 Careers in Horticulture by Ri cha rd M. Adams, II 25 Strange Relatives: Cacao Beans & Cola Nuts by Jane Steffey 30 Book Reviews by Barbara W. Ellis 34 Sources 38 Classifieds 40 Pronunciation Guide 44 On the Cover: What better way to take the chill out of February than to dream about new plants to add to th e garden? Our annual selecti on of "what's new" this yea r begins with a sensa ti onal pansy from Thompson & Morga n, Viola 'Flame Princess'. For more on new pl ants to brighten up your new yea r, turn to page 18. Ph otograph courtesy of Thompson & Morgan. At the nonheast co rn er of New York City's Central Park is a r€markabl e ga rden hidden away from busy Fifth Avenue. There, clipped yew hedges, crab appl e allees and peremnial borders flourish. New Yorkers from all walks of life come to enjoy the respite th e garden provides from the hustle and bustl e of city life. Until recentl y, this green oasis was negl ected and overgrown. To I€a m about its rema,rkable transformation, turn to "Miracle on 104th Street" on page 14. Photograph by Lynden B. Miller. ED ITOR, PUBLI CATIONS DIRECTOR: Barbara W. Ellis. ART DIRECTOR: Rebecca K. McClimans. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Lynn M. Lynch, A. Brooke Russell, Bri an C. Litrle. HORTICULTURAL CONSULTANTS: Gilbert S. Daniels, Jane Steffey. ASS ISTANT TO l'H E fJD ITOR: Martha Palermo. PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Lynn M. Lynch. BUSINESS MANAGER: May Lin Roscoe. MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Salli e Hutcheson. COLOR SEPARATIONS: John Si mmons, Chromagraphics Inc. ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE: C. W. Advertising, P.O. Box 138, Mount Vernon, VA 22121, (703) 360-6666. Replacement issues of AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST are available at a cost of $2.50 per copy. The opinions expressed in the articles that appear in AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST a re those of the authors and a re not nce::essarily those of the Society. Manuscripts, art work and photographs sent for possible publication wi ll be rerurned if they a rc accompani ed by a self­ addressed, stamped envelope. We ca nnot guara ntee the safe return of unsolicited material. AMfJR ICAN HORTICULTURIST, ISSN 0096-441 7, is the official publication of the Ameri can Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandri a, Virginia 22308, (703 ) 768-5700, and is issued monthly. Membership in the Society includes a subscription to AMfJRICAN HORTICULTURIST. Membership dues start at $25.00 a year, $12.00 of whi ch is designated for AMERICAN HORTICULTURI ST. Copyright © 1987 by the American Horticultural Society. Second-class postage paid at Alexandria, Vi rginia and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to AMERICAN H ORTICULTURIST, Mount Vern on, Virginia 22121. American Horticulturist PRESIDENT'S PAGE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY AHSMaving omCERS 1986-1987 Mr. Everitt L Miller Kennel! Square, Pennsylvania President Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay Forward Rochester, New York Filst Vice President Mrs. John M. Maury Was hington, DC Second Vice President he American Horticultural Society and the gardening public by publishing our Mrs. Charles W. ABen, Jr. is very fortunate to have River bi-monthly publications, American Hor­ Glenview, Kentucky T Farm, our beautiful and historical ticulturist magazine and news edition, SerretalY property on the banks of the Potomac River holding annual meetings in various parts Mr. RichardJ. Hutton West Grove, Pennsylvani a in Virginia. River Farm was donated to of the country, providing our free Gar­ Treasurer the Society by Mrs. Enid J. Haupt in 1973, dener's Information Service, conducting Mr. Edward N. Dane and houses the Society's administration of­ our annual seed program, publishing the Boston, Massachusetts fices and library. As many of you know, Endangered Wildflowers Calendar and re­ Immediate Past President the buildings on the property are also used lated information about our nation's rare for horticultural meetings, lectures, dem­ and endangered native plants, and spon­ onstrations and flower shows. soring horticultural tours, both national BOARD OF DIRECTORS Today, River Farm is also used in a va­ and international. Your membership also Mrs. Charles W. ABen, Jr. Glenview, Kentucky riety of ways to encourage and advance entitles you to free access to the Society's Mr. Richard C. Angino the science and practice of horticulture. headquarters at River Farm, and the op­ Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Our intern program is a good example of portunity to purchase gardening books at Gerald S. Band, M.D. how the River Farm grounds are used to a: discount through our book buyer's service. Flemington, New Jersey help give horticulture students the oppor­ By sponsoring such a wide variety of Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole, Jr. Cleveland, Ohio tunity to obtain practical experience in the programs and activities, the Society is able Mr. J. Judson Brooks art of gardening. A number of plant so­ to bring together gardeners with a wide Sewickley, Pennsylvania cieties throughout the country also take range of interests. Our diverse membership Dr. Henry M. Cathey advantage of testing their particular plants is one of the Society's greatest strengths. Washington, DC of interest at River Farm. These demon­ Managing and promoting these pro­ Mr. RusseH Clark Boston, Massachusetts stration/display areas are educational for grams takes time, skill and energy . Your Mrs. Erastus Corning, n our visitors and also give the various so­ Society has most of the tools needed to Albany, New York cieties the opportunity to test plants-both achieve these goals. We have a dedicated Mr. RichardJ. Hutton board of directors and a loyal and efficient West Grove, Pennsylvania new cultivars and old garden favorites­ staff, as well as the property for hosting Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay in the Washington area. Just recently, the Rochester, New York Perennial Plant Society has consented to events and displaying plants. The Society Mrs. John M. Maury contribute a perennial border to our ever­ is indeed fortunate. Washington, DC growing display. What is currently and eagerly needed Mr. Everitt L. Miller today is funding to carry out the Society's Kennel! Square, Pennsylvania Each year, the board and staff of the Mrs. Daniel Pierce Society look for more ways to help mem­ immediate goals. The board and staff would Dedham, Massachusetts bers become more efficient in gardening. like to start this New Year off on a finan­ Mrs. FrancesJ. Poetker This year, the board has added a new com­ cially sound basis. CinCinnati , Ohio mittee, the Professional Horticulture Ad­ I know members want the Society to Mrs. Edward King Poor, m Winnetka, Illinois visory Council, headed by Mr. Richard fulfill the goals required to keep the or­ Dr. Julia W. Rappaport Hutton, President of the Conard-Pyle ganization moving successfully. Please Santa Ana, Californi a Company, and Dr. Marc Cathey, Director won't you grow with us by renewing your Mrs. Philip Temple of the u .S. National Arboretum. This com­ membership at a higher level, or by be­ Little Compton, Rhode Island mittee will help us serve our professional coming a member of the Society's Presi­ Mr. Roy G. Thomas Woodstock, Vermont members more effectively and will also en­ dent's Council? Remember, we are a non­ Mrs. Harry J. Van de Kamp courage them to be more active in our profit organization and a commitment in Pasadena, California Society. ~he way of a contribution would be greatly Mr. John H. Whitworth, Jr. Many of our members are not aware of appreciated. Let's make 1987 a banner year New York , New York for your American Horticultural Society. Mrs. Jean Verity WoodhuH the many activities carried out by the Dayton, Ohio American Horticultural Society and the May you all have a fruitful year. Dr. John A. Wott benefits of membership in the AHS. In ad­ Seanle, Washington dition to maintaining our beautiful River -Everitt L. Miller Farm property, AHS serves its members President 2 February 1987 Is your garden missing jewel-like flowers floating on a _ one of the most satisfying forms of gardening. If you shimmering water surface and the darting brilliance of ' haven't one, you are missing a great deal of satisfaction goldfish? Are you missing the melodic sounds of water from your garden. spilling from a fountain, vessel or waterfall? Let Lilypons and TETRA POND help you to get started What you need in your garden is a water lily pool. A water today by ordering one of our durable TETRA POND 32 mil, lily pool is a garden whose plants like damp to very wet flexible 2 ply PVC pool liners.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE News and Notes
    UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY WURBANA-CHAMPAIGN ACES 3«SB WJ6 N TVjRtUW^ N&«^ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/vocationalagricu1997univ \K&> y.yX-'-'-'-v"¥*>Yr:'?->>r^ VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE SEP | 5 1997 try - I ihnr News and Notes Volume 56, Number 1 September, 1997 Vocational Agriculture Service ACES Information Technology and Communication Services College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Consumer or>d 1401 S. Maryland Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 Environmental Sconces (217) 333-3871 FAX (217) 333-0005 VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE DATES TO REMEMBER 1997 September 1 Labor Day—University of Illinois holiday 16 ILCAE Meeting—IDOA Building, Springfield 20 State Horse Judging CDE—Blackhawk East CC, Kewanee 23-25 Farm Progress Show—Seneca, IL 29 Illinois FFA Board of Directors Meeting—Illinois FFA Center, Roanoke October 2 Moorman Mfg., Inc. /FFA Leadership Conference—Quincy (Tentative) 2-3 IACCAI Conference—Illinois Central College, East Peoria 10-11 Beginning FFA Advisors Workshop—Site TBA 11 IAVAT Board of Directors Meeting—Site TBA November 13-15 National FFA Convention—Kansas City, MO 27-28 Thanksgiving—University of Illinois holiday December 6 State Crops & Dairy Products CDE's—University of Illinois 10-14 NVATA/AVA Convention—Las Vegas, NV 24-26 Christmas—University of Illinois holiday 1998 January 1-2 New Years Break—University of Illinois holiday 9 IAVAT Board
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Rhizobia Associated with Amorpha Fruticosa Isolated from Chinese Soils and Description of Mesorhizobium Amorphae Sp
    International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1999), 49, 5 1-65 Printed in Great Britain Diversity of rhizobia associated with Amorpha fruticosa isolated from Chinese soils and description of Mesorhizobium amorphae sp. nov. E. T. Wang,lt3 P. van Berkum,2 X. H. SU~,~D. Beyene,2 W. X. Chen3 and E. Martinez-Romerol Author for correspondence : E. T. Wang. Tel : + 52 73 131697. Fax: + 52 73 175581. e-mail: [email protected] 1 Centro de lnvestigacidn Fifty-five Chinese isolates from nodules of Amorpha fruticosa were sobre Fijaci6n de characterized and compared with the type strains of the species and genera of Nitrdgeno, UNAM, Apdo Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, bacteria which form nitrogen-f ixing symbioses with leguminous host plants. A Morelos, Mexico polyphasic approach, which included RFLP of PCR-amplified 165 rRNA genes, * Alfalfa and Soybean multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), DNA-DNA hybridization, 165 rRNA Research Laboratory, gene sequencing, electrophoretic plasmid profiles, cross-nodulation and a Ag ricuI tu ra I Research phenotypic study, was used in the comparative analysis. The isolates Service, US Department of Agriculture, BeltsviI le, M D originated from several different sites in China and they varied in their 20705, USA phenotypic and genetic characteristics. The majority of the isolates had 3 Department of moderate to slow growth rates, produced acid on YMA and harboured a 930 kb Microbiology, College of symbiotic plasmid (pSym). Five different RFLP patterns were identified among Biology, China Agricultural the 16s rRNA genes of all the isolates. Isolates grouped by PCR-RFLP of the 165 University, Beijing 100094, People’s Republic of China rRNA genes were also separated into groups by variation in MLEE profiles and by DNA-DNA hybridization.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Final Report Final pre-release investigations of the gorse thrips (Sericothrips staphylinus) as a biocontrol agent for gorse (Ulex europaeus) in North America Date: August 31, 2012 Award Number: 10-CA-11420004-184 Report Period: June 1, 2010– May 31, 2012 Project Period: June 1, 2010– May 31, 2012 Recipient: Oregon State University Recipient Contact Person: Fritzi Grevstad Principal Investigator/ Project Director: Fritzi Grevstad Introduction Gorse (Ulex europaeus) is an environmental weed classified as noxious in the states of Washington, Oregon, California, and Hawaii. A classical biological control program has been applied in Hawaii with the introduction of 4 gorse-feeding arthropods, but only two of these (a mite and a seed weevil) have been introduced to the mainland U.S. The two insects that have not yet been introduced include the gorse thrips, Sericothips staphylinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and the moth Agonopterix umbellana (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). With prior support from the U.S. Forest Service (joint venture agreement # 07-JV-281), we were able to complete host specificity testing of S. staphylinus on 44 North American plant species that were on the original test plant list. However, following review of the proposed Test Plant List, the Technical Advisory Group on Biocontrol of Weeds (TAG) recommended that we include an additional 18 plant species for testing. In this report, we present host specificity testing and related objectives necessary to bring the program to the implementation stage. Objectives (1) Acquire and grow the additional 18 species of plants recommended by the TAG. (2) Complete host specificity trials for the gorse thrips on the 18 plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Taming the Wild Stewartia©
    1 Boland-Tim-2019B-Taming-Stewartia Taming the Wild Stewartia© Timothy M. Boland and Todd J. Rounsaville Polly Hill Arboretum, 809 State Road, West Tisbury, Massachusetts 02575, USA [email protected] Keywords: Asexual propagation, native trees, plant collections, seeds, Stewartia SUMMARY The Polly Hill Arboretum (PHA) began working with native stewartia in 1967. Our founder, Polly Hill, was devoted to growing trees from seed. In 2006, the Polly Hill Arboretum was recognized as the Nationally Accredited Collection holder for stewartia. This status has guided our collection development, particularly on focused seed expeditions, which began in 2007. The PHA has been successful growing both species from seed, however, overwintering survival and transplanting of juvenile plants has proved more challenging. New insights into winter storage of seedlings is beginning to shed light on this problem. Experimentation with overwintering rooted cuttings has revealed that plants have preferred temperature and chilling requirements. These new overwintering protocols have thus far yielded positive results. Recent work with tissue culture has also shown promising results with both species. Future work includes grafting superior clones of our native stewartia onto Asiatic species in an effort to overcome the problematic issues of overwintering, transplantability, and better resistance to soil borne pathogens. Our Plant Collections Network (PCN) development plan outlines our next phase work with stewartia over the upcoming several years. The results of this work will be shared in future years as we continue to bring these exceptional small flowering trees into commercial production. 2 INTRODUCTION The commitment to building Polly Hill Arboretum’s (PHA) stewartia collection is based on our founder Polly Hill’s history with the genus and our own desire to encourage the cultivation of these superb small-flowering trees in home gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Native Trees and Large Shrubs for the Washington, D.C. Area
    Green Spring Gardens 4603 Green Spring Rd ● Alexandria ● VA 22312 Phone: 703-642-5173 ● TTY: 703-803-3354 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/greenspring NON - NATIVE TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS ­ FOR THE WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA ­ Non-native trees are some of the most beloved plants in the landscape due to their beauty. In addition, these trees are grown for the shade, screening, structure, and landscape benefits they provide. Deciduous trees, whose leaves die and fall off in the autumn, are valuable additions to landscapes because of their changing interest throughout the year. Evergreen trees are valued for their year-round beauty and shelter for wildlife. Evergreens are often grouped into two categories, broadleaf evergreens and conifers. Broadleaf evergreens have broad, flat leaves. They also may have showy flowers, such as Camellia oleifera (a large shrub), or colorful fruits, such as Nellie R. Stevens holly. Coniferous evergreens either have needle-like foliage, such as the lacebark pine, or scale-like foliage, such as the green giant arborvitae. Conifers do not have true flowers or fruits but bear cones. Though most conifers are evergreen, exceptions exist. Dawn redwood, for example, loses its needles each fall. The following are useful definitions: Cultivar (cv.) - a cultivated variety designated by single quotes, such as ‘Autumn Gold’. A variety (var.) or subspecies (subsp.), in contrast, is found in nature and is a subdivision of a species (a variety of Cedar of Lebanon is listed). Full Shade - the amount of light under a dense deciduous tree canopy or beneath evergreens. Full Sun - at least 6 hours of sun daily.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London
    I 3 2044 105 172"381 : JOURNAL OF THE llopl lortimltoal fbck EDITED BY Key. GEORGE HEXSLOW, ALA., E.L.S., F.G.S. rtanical Demonstrator, and Secretary to the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. VOLUME VI Gray Herbarium Harvard University LOXD N II. WEEDE & Co., PRINTERS, BEOMPTON. ' 1 8 8 0. HARVARD UNIVERSITY HERBARIUM. THE GIFT 0F f 4a Ziiau7- m 3 2044 i"05 172 38" J O U E N A L OF THE EDITED BY Eev. GEOEGE HENSLOW, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. Botanical Demonstrator, and Secretary to the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. YOLUME "VI. LONDON: H. WEEDE & Co., PRINTERS, BROMPTON, 1 8 80, OOUITOIL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 1 8 8 0. Patron. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. President. The Eight Honourable Lord Aberdare. Vice- Presidents. Lord Alfred S. Churchill. Arthur Grote, Esq., F.L.S. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bt., M.P. H. J". Elwes, Esq. Treasurer. Henry "W ebb, Esq., Secretary. Eobert Hogg, Esq., LL.D., F.L.S. Members of Council. G. T. Clarke, Esq. W. Haughton, Esq. Colonel R. Tretor Clarke. Major F. Mason. The Rev. H. Harpur Crewe. Sir Henry Scudamore J. Denny, Esq., M.D. Stanhope, Bart. Sir Charles "W. Strickland, Bart. Auditors. R. A. Aspinall, Esq. John Lee, Esq. James F. West, Esq. Assistant Secretary. Samuel Jennings, Esq., F.L S. Chief Clerk J. Douglas Dick. Bankers. London and County Bank, High Street, Kensington, W. Garden Superintendent. A. F. Barron. iv ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE, 1880. Chairman. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, K.C.S.I., M.D., C.B.,F.R.S., V.P.L.S., Royal Gardens, Kew.
    [Show full text]
  • Livro-Inpp.Pdf
    GOVERNMENT OF BRAZIL President of Republic Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia Minister for Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications Gilberto Kassab MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI Director Nilson Gabas Júnior Research and Postgraduate Coordinator Ana Vilacy Moreira Galucio Communication and Extension Coordinator Maria Emilia Cruz Sales Coordinator of the National Research Institute of the Pantanal Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo EDITORIAL BOARD Adriano Costa Quaresma (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia) Carlos Ernesto G.Reynaud Schaefer (Universidade Federal de Viçosa) Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso) Gilvan Ferreira da Silva (Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental) Spartaco Astolfi Filho (Universidade Federal do Amazonas) Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho (Universidade Federal do Oeste Paraense) Wolfgang Johannes Junk (Max Planck Institutes) Coleção Adolpho Ducke Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim Editors Belém 2017 Editorial Project Iraneide Silva Editorial Production Iraneide Silva Angela Botelho Graphic Design and Electronic Publishing Andréa Pinheiro Photos Marcos Antônio Soares Review Iraneide Silva Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto G.Jardim Print Graphic Santa Marta Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia / Marcos Antonio Soares, Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim. organizers. Belém : MPEG, 2017. 288 p.: il. (Coleção Adolpho Ducke) ISBN 978-85-61377-93-9 1. Natural resources – Brazil - Pantanal. 2. Amazonia. I. Soares, Marcos Antonio. II. Jardim, Mário Augusto Gonçalves. CDD 333.72098115 © Copyright por/by Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2017. Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, constitui violação dos direitos autorais (Lei nº 9.610).
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Garden Journal, 2002, Vol.5 (2) 2A
    Fixation with Gunnera Paul Stock1 There are 30-40 species of Gunnera There are two types of cell on a example, the native Gunnera species (family Gunneraceae) distributed Nostoc filament: vegetative cells and are commonly used as ground cover naturally almost exclusively heterocysts. The heterocysts contain in rock gardens. throughout the southern hemisphere. the enzyme nitrogenase, which The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis + The largest and most famous are converts N2 gas into NH4 , a process between white clover (Trifolium repens) Gunnera manicata (giant ornamental known as nitrogen fixation. The and the bacterium Rhizobium has a rhubarb, native to mountain swamps ammonium is then assimilated by high profile in New Zealand because of Brazil) and G. tinctoria (Chilean Gunnera. There is a huge increase in of its commercial significance to the rhubarb) (Figure 1). They have large the frequency of heterocysts in pastoral industry. While the Gunnera- (1.0-2.4m diameter) leaves with prickly symbiotic Nostoc (up to 80% of cells) Nostoc symbiosis does not have the petioles attached to a stout rhizome. compared to free-living Nostoc forms same profile, it is the subject of some A vertical section through the stem of (5% of cells) (Figure 2B). How does attention as researchers continue to G. tinctoria (Figure 2A) reveals dark this occur and what is its significance? unlock the mysteries of how green nodules. If you examine one of As stated earlier, Gunnera provides symbioses involving nitrogen fixers these nodules under a microscope carbohydrate to Nostoc. Therefore operate. you will find beads or filaments of the less cellular machinery is required for blue green alga (cyanobacterium) photosynthesis, which is located in Growing gunneras Nostoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Flower Characteristics, VOC Emission Profile, and Glandular
    plants Article Tools to Tie: Flower Characteristics, VOC Emission Profile, and Glandular Trichomes of Two Mexican Salvia Species to Attract Bees Claudia Giuliani 1,2 , Manuela Giovanetti 3,4,*, Daniela Lupi 5 , Marco Palamara Mesiano 5, Renata Barilli 2, Roberta Ascrizzi 6 , Guido Flamini 6 and Gelsomina Fico 1,2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (C.G.); gelsomina.fi[email protected] (G.F.) 2 Ghirardi Botanical Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, I-25088 Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy; [email protected] 3 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal 4 CREA—Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy 5 Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (D.L.); [email protected] (M.P.M.) 6 Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] (R.A.); guido.fl[email protected] (G.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 November 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 25 November 2020 Abstract: A plant can combine physical and chemical tools to interact with other organisms. Some are designed for pollinator attraction (i.e., colors and volatile organic compounds-VOCs); others can act to discourage herbivores (i.e., non-glandular trichomes). Few studies fully address available tools in a single species; notwithstanding, this information can be pivotal in understanding new interactions out of the home range.
    [Show full text]
  • Propagation of Stewartia Pseudocamellia Var. Koreana by Cuttings
    Jan.-Feb.-Mar. ORNAMENTALS R. L. Ticknor, OSU Horticulturist, North 1984 Willamette Experiment Station, Aurora, NORTHWEST Vol. 8, Issue 1 Oregon ARCHIVES Page 17 PROPAGATION OF STEWARTIA PSEUDOCAMELLIA VAR. KOREANA BY CUTTINGS Japanese Stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia) and Korean Stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia var. koreana, formerly classified as Stewartia koreana) are not widely found in the trade. They are small trees (35-60 feet) with dense pyramidal habit. The summer flowers, fall color and interesting bark pattern during the winter make it an outstanding landscape specimen. The flower is very similar to that of a single camellia, to which stewartias are closely related (hence the name of this species). The white flowers 2-3 inches in diameter, with purple stamens, appear in July for several weeks when few other woody plants are in bloom. The leaves are dark green in summer turning orange to red-purple in the fall. The redbrown bark exfoliates in large thin flakes to expose green inner bark and produces a distinctive appearance. Seeds of various species of this genus all appear to require warm stratification followed by chilling before germination will occur. Under normal conditions these seeds would be 'two-year' dormancy types. However, freshly dispersed seed can be given a warm treatment for 150 days to 180 days at fluctuating temperatures of 68 to 86 degrees fahrenheit and then a 90 day cold treatment at 41 degrees fahrenheit to promote germination the following early summer. Stewartia may also be vegetatively propagated. In research at the North Willamette Experiment Station, softwood cuttings of Japanese stewartia and Korean stewartia were taken June 30, 1981, and dipped in talc powder containing 0.8% IBA plus a fungicide.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibacterial Activity of the Five South African Erythroxylaceae Species
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(55), pp. 11511-11514, 21 September, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB 5hL !W. ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Antibacterial activity of the five South African Erythroxylaceae species De Wet, H. Department of Botany, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +27-35-9026108. Fax: +27-35-9026491. Accepted 21 July, 2011 Until recently, no medicinal uses were recorded for the South African Erythroxylaceae species, although, this family is used world wide in traditional medicine. This study reveals for the first time that Erythroxylum delagoense and Erythroxylum pictum roots were used to treat dysentery and diarrhoea and that Erythroxylum emarginatum leaves decoction was used to treat asthma, kidney problems, arthritis, child bearing problems and influenza in South Africa. To validate some of the medicinal uses, antibacterial testing was done for the first time on all five South African species. Leaf and bark extracts of four of the five South African Erythroxylaceae species (E. delagoense, E. emarginatum, E. pictum and Nectaropetalum capense) showed some good antibacterial activities with MIC <1 mg/ml. E. delagoense showed good results against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus; E. emarginatum against Klebsiella pneumoniae; E. pictum against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia; N. capense against Klebsiella pneumonia. Key words: Antimicrobial activity, Erythroxylaceae, medicinal uses, South Africa. INTRODUCTION The Erythroxylaceae family comprises four genera and ent-dolabr-4(18)-en-15S,16-diol, ent-5-dolabr-4(18)-en- 260 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Consequences of Dioecy in Angiosperms: the Effects of Breeding System on Speciation and Extinction Rates
    EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY IN ANGIOSPERMS: THE EFFECTS OF BREEDING SYSTEM ON SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION RATES by JANA C. HEILBUTH B.Sc, Simon Fraser University, 1996 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2001 © Jana Heilbuth, 2001 Wednesday, April 25, 2001 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form Page: 1 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html ABSTRACT Dioecy, the breeding system with male and female function on separate individuals, may affect the ability of a lineage to avoid extinction or speciate. Dioecy is a rare breeding system among the angiosperms (approximately 6% of all flowering plants) while hermaphroditism (having male and female function present within each flower) is predominant. Dioecious angiosperms may be rare because the transitions to dioecy have been recent or because dioecious angiosperms experience decreased diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) compared to plants with other breeding systems.
    [Show full text]