1987 AARS Winner

Pretty. Tough.

This is Bonica™! Delicate used for protection and con­ enough to cut for arranging, trol in home, commercial and rugged enough for urban land­ public landscapes. An out­ scaping. This is a garden rose. standing performer in all This is an everblooming land­ America. It is highly disease scape shrub. resistant, practically mainte­ nance free, an extraordinarily Revolutionary. Bonica™ (var: dense, vigorous multi-season Meidomonac) is the first shrub. shrub rose in history to be named an All America Winner. A Pretty Tough Rose To Beat. Hardy. Versatile. The hybridizers of the House of Meilland have created a multi­ purpose, ever-blooming beautifier that can also be (var: Meidomonac) Plant Patent 5 105

NOW AVAILABLE From Nurseries, Garden Stores and Landscape Professionals Everywhere. VOLUME 66 NUMBER 2

President's Page: AHS Moving Forward by Everitt L. Miller 2

The Design Page: Garden Illusions by Margaret Hensel 5

A Catalogue Review: Tree & Shrub Suppliers by Peter Loewer 8

Miracle on 104th Street Text and Photography by Lynden B. Miller 14

New Plants for 1987 by the Staff of American Horticulturist 18

Careers in Horticulture by Ri cha rd M. Adams, II 25

Strange Relatives: Cacao Beans & Cola Nuts by Jane Steffey 30

Book Reviews by Barbara W. Ellis 34

Sources 38

Classifieds 40

Pronunciation Guide 44

On the Cover: What better way to take the chill out of February than to dream about new plants to add to th e garden? Our annual selecti on of "what's new" this yea r begins with a sensa ti onal pansy from Thompson & Morga n, Viola 'Flame Princess'. For more on new pl ants to brighten up your new yea r, turn to page 18. Ph otograph courtesy of Thompson & Morgan.

At the nonheast co rn er of New York City's Central Park is a r€markabl e ga rden hidden away from busy Fifth Avenue. There, clipped yew hedges, crab appl e allees and peremnial borders flourish. New Yorkers from all walks of life come to enjoy the respite th e garden provides from the hustle and bustl e of city life. Until recentl y, this green oasis was negl ected and overgrown. To I€a m about its rema,rkable transformation, turn to "Miracle on 104th Street" on page 14. Photograph by Lynden B. Miller.

ED ITOR, PUBLI CATIONS DIRECTOR: Barbara W. Ellis. ART DIRECTOR: Rebecca K. McClimans. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Lynn M. Lynch, A. Brooke Russell, Bri an C. Litrle. HORTICULTURAL CONSULTANTS: Gilbert S. Daniels, Jane Steffey. ASS ISTANT TO l'H E fJD ITOR: Martha Palermo. PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Lynn M. Lynch. BUSINESS MANAGER: May Lin Roscoe. MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Salli e Hutcheson. COLOR SEPARATIONS: John Si mmons, Chromagraphics Inc. ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE: C. W. Advertising, P.O. Box 138, Mount Vernon, VA 22121, (703) 360-6666.

Replacement issues of AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST are available at a cost of $2.50 per copy. The opinions expressed in the articles that appear in AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST a re those of the authors and a re not nce::essarily those of the Society. Manuscripts, art work and photographs sent for possible publication wi ll be rerurned if they a rc accompani ed by a self­ addressed, stamped envelope. We ca nnot guara ntee the safe return of unsolicited material.

AMfJR ICAN HORTICULTURIST, ISSN 0096-441 7, is the official publication of the Ameri can Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandri a, Virginia 22308, (703 ) 768-5700, and is issued monthly. Membership in the Society includes a subscription to AMfJRICAN HORTICULTURIST. Membership dues start at $25.00 a year, $12.00 of whi ch is designated for AMERICAN HORTICULTURI ST. Copyright © 1987 by the American Horticultural Society. Second-class postage paid at Alexandria, Vi rginia and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to AMERICAN H ORTICULTURIST, Mount Vern on, Virginia 22121.

American Horticulturist PRESIDENT'S PAGE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY AHSMaving omCERS 1986-1987 Mr. Everitt L Miller Kennel! Square, Pennsylvania President Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay Forward Rochester, New York Filst Vice President Mrs. John M. Maury Was hington, DC Second Vice President he American Horticultural Society and the gardening public by publishing our Mrs. Charles W. ABen, Jr. is very fortunate to have River bi-monthly publications, American Hor­ Glenview, Kentucky T Farm, our beautiful and historical ticulturist magazine and news edition, SerretalY property on the banks of the Potomac River holding annual meetings in various parts Mr. RichardJ. Hutton West Grove, Pennsylvani a in Virginia. River Farm was donated to of the country, providing our free Gar­ Treasurer the Society by Mrs. Enid J. Haupt in 1973, dener's Information Service, conducting Mr. Edward N. Dane and houses the Society's administration of­ our annual seed program, publishing the Boston, Massachusetts fices and library. As many of you know, Endangered Wildflowers Calendar and re­ Immediate Past President the buildings on the property are also used lated information about our nation's rare for horticultural meetings, lectures, dem­ and endangered native plants, and spon­ onstrations and flower shows. soring horticultural tours, both national BOARD OF DIRECTORS Today, River Farm is also used in a va­ and international. Your membership also Mrs. Charles W. ABen, Jr. Glenview, Kentucky riety of ways to encourage and advance entitles you to free access to the Society's Mr. Richard C. Angino the science and practice of horticulture. headquarters at River Farm, and the op­ Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Our intern program is a good example of portunity to purchase gardening books at Gerald S. Band, M.D. how the River Farm grounds are used to a: discount through our book buyer's service. Flemington, New Jersey help give horticulture students the oppor­ By sponsoring such a wide variety of Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole, Jr. Cleveland, Ohio tunity to obtain practical experience in the programs and activities, the Society is able Mr. J. Judson Brooks art of gardening. A number of plant so­ to bring together gardeners with a wide Sewickley, Pennsylvania cieties throughout the country also take range of interests. Our diverse membership Dr. Henry M. Cathey advantage of testing their particular plants is one of the Society's greatest strengths. Washington, DC of interest at River Farm. These demon­ Managing and promoting these pro­ Mr. RusseH Clark Boston, Massachusetts stration/display areas are educational for grams takes time, skill and energy . Your Mrs. Erastus Corning, n our visitors and also give the various so­ Society has most of the tools needed to Albany, New York cieties the opportunity to test plants-both achieve these goals. We have a dedicated Mr. RichardJ. Hutton board of directors and a loyal and efficient West Grove, Pennsylvania new cultivars and old garden favorites­ staff, as well as the property for hosting Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay in the Washington area. Just recently, the Rochester, New York Perennial Plant Society has consented to events and displaying plants. The Society Mrs. John M. Maury contribute a perennial border to our ever­ is indeed fortunate. Washington, DC growing display. What is currently and eagerly needed Mr. Everitt L. Miller today is funding to carry out the Society's Kennel! Square, Pennsylvania Each year, the board and staff of the Mrs. Daniel Pierce Society look for more ways to help mem­ immediate goals. The board and staff would Dedham, Massachusetts bers become more efficient in gardening. like to start this New Year off on a finan­ Mrs. FrancesJ. Poetker This year, the board has added a new com­ cially sound basis. CinCinnati , Ohio mittee, the Professional Horticulture Ad­ I know members want the Society to Mrs. Edward King Poor, m Winnetka, Illinois visory Council, headed by Mr. Richard fulfill the goals required to keep the or­ Dr. Julia W. Rappaport Hutton, President of the Conard-Pyle ganization moving successfully. Please Santa Ana, Californi a Company, and Dr. Marc Cathey, Director won't you grow with us by renewing your Mrs. Philip Temple of the u .S. National Arboretum. This com­ membership at a higher level, or by be­ Little Compton, Rhode Island mittee will help us serve our professional coming a member of the Society's Presi­ Mr. Roy G. Thomas Woodstock, Vermont members more effectively and will also en­ dent's Council? Remember, we are a non­ Mrs. Harry J. Van de Kamp courage them to be more active in our profit organization and a commitment in Pasadena, California Society. ~he way of a contribution would be greatly Mr. John H. Whitworth, Jr. Many of our members are not aware of appreciated. Let's make 1987 a banner year New York , New York for your American Horticultural Society. Mrs. Jean Verity WoodhuH the many activities carried out by the Dayton, Ohio American Horticultural Society and the May you all have a fruitful year. Dr. John A. Wott benefits of membership in the AHS. In ad­ Seanle, Washington dition to maintaining our beautiful River -Everitt L. Miller Farm property, AHS serves its members President

2 February 1987 Is your garden missing jewel-like flowers floating on a _ one of the most satisfying forms of gardening. If you shimmering water surface and the darting brilliance of ' haven't one, you are missing a great deal of satisfaction goldfish? Are you missing the melodic sounds of water from your garden. spilling from a fountain, vessel or waterfall? Let Lilypons and TETRA POND help you to get started What you need in your garden is a water lily pool. A water today by ordering one of our durable TETRA POND 32 mil, lily pool is a garden whose plants like damp to very wet flexible 2 ply PVC pool liners. So easy to iIistall and main­ feet. Fish and frogs like to live there and butterflies will tain you will ask yourself why you. waited so long to begin like your garden better than ever. A water garden is simply this adventure. Choose from the seven sizes listed (sizes are approximate, for depth IVa' to 2' in your own design.): o Lilypons water gardening catalogue subSCription ...... 8 4 0 8' x 12 ' liner m'akes 4 ' x 8' pool ...... , 8 99 0 10 ' x16' linermakese ' x12 ' pooL ...... $145 0 13' x 13' Unermakes9' x9' pool ...... " ...... 8165 o 13 ' x 20 ' liner makes 9 ' x 16' pool...... 8199 0 16' x 23 ' liner makes 13' x 19 ' pool .. : ...... 8299 o 20 ' x 26 ' l:J.ner makes 26 ' x 22 ' pool...... 8399 0 23 ' x 30' liner makes 19 ' x 26 ' pool ...... 8499 Use your personal check or cir€le credit card: AE CB CH DC MC VS . . Card Number: Exp. Date ~~~~ ______~~ ~ _____

Name ___~ __~ =-~ ______~_____ Address ___~ ______~ ____~ ______

City S~te _____ Zip ~ ____ Phone ( Catalogue free with liner order. Maryland (5%) and Texas (5-1/ 8%) residents please add sales tax. Lilypons Water Gardens 11526 Amhorl Road 1526 Lilypons Road P .O. Box 10 P.O. Box 188 Lilypons, Maryland 21717-0010 Brookshire , Texas 77423-0188 (301) 874-5133 Washington Local 428-0686 (713) 934-8525 Houston Local 391-0076 Superb Catalogues, Plants to Match

Buying plants through the mail is an act of faith. Of course, we provide detailed cultural instructions, Strange names and exuberant descriptions create a a horticulturist to answer questions, and an uncondi­ sense of unreality that is compounded by the outside tional guarantee. But the point is to avoid losses, not weather at the time of purchase. Uncertainties of to compensate for them, and this we do by produc­ climate and culture threaten the worst despite ing superb plants and shipping them carefully and smooth assurances from distant companies. It is a on time. trying process for a beginner, scarcely better for an To receive the spring and fall editions of our cata­ expert. logue, please forward a subscription fee of $5. This You can put your faith in White Flower Farm. We amount, refundable against any order over $25, in­ are plantsmen first, merchants second, and the hun­ cludes unlimited access to our staff horticulturist dreds of varieties of hardy perennials and shrubs we plus admission to more than 10 acres of display gar­ offer are grown by us to standards we are proud of. dens at the nursery. Most customers feel that the All have been selected after extensive trials in the catalogues alone are worth the price. We do hope to rugged climate of northwest Connecticut and we hear from you. know them well, both their strengths and their weaknesses. As they are harvested from our fields Sincerely, and stored in our refrigerated warehouse, they are Amos Pettingill fresh, vigorous, and in prime condition for planting.

White flower farm PLANTS MEN Litchfield 7720, Connecticut 06759-0050 mE DESIGN PAGE Garden Muskms

very gardener [ know loves hearing stories about ga rdens created out E of nothing. Like castl es spun from air and incantations, there is something almost magical about Sissinghurst, grown from romantic ruins, or [nverewe Gardens, built on a once-barren, windswept site on Scotland's northern coast. Few of us are actually rescuing castl es or taming the wilderness. However, as ga r­ deners, we're all in the business of creati ng illusions, whether it is a moment of hes i­ tation or heightened expectation in an es­ tablished, staid landscape; a bit of quiet solitude in a hemmed-in city lot; or a sense of space in a small suburban back yard. A garden's limitations or assets, or both, (there is often a fine line between the two) can help establish its character or provide a jumping-off point for a design. [n a city back yard, a wooded lot on a rocky New England hillside, or a flat, open lot in a dense suburb, part of the art in designing is to accept the existing features but not . let them solely determine the outcome. For example, it is all too easy to think that there can be no surprise or sense of expectation within the narrow confines of a city garden, and to fill the whole thing with pachysandra. Yet there are many ways to create the illusion of space in a small garden. In a well-designed Japanese gar­ den, rocks, sand and a few carefully clipped trees 0r shrubs can be used to evoke moun­ tain landscapes and the movement of great rivers. The Japanese technique of "bor­ rowed scenery" can also create the illusion of space. In the gardens of Nomura Villa in Kyoto, nearby hills and mountains are framed by the outline of a pond, the curve A stairway and door at the end of this garden in Oxford, England, draw the visitor along a of a stream or groupings of trees. More narrow path that is lined with a wide variety of plants. than just pretty background scenery, these mountains are drawn in to become part of simple: a paved seating area a step down advice and simply set about pl anting one the garden's design. from the living room, afld a narrow stone of these and two of those, sometimes al­ One of the best small gardens I've seen, path dowfl the middle, between raised beds. most on top of one another, letting the in the English style, was created in a nar­ According to a good many gardening plants work it out themselves under her row back yard that measures about 15 feet books, with all their "do's and don'ts" on artful supervision. wide by 75 feet long. The only way into distances between plants and the inevitable Densely planted with a complex layering (and out of) this garden, which lies at the dogma about grouping plants in threes, of vines and plants growing up trellises, back 0f a modest row h.ouse in Oxford, this garden-with its hl!ll1dpeds of different walls, background evergreens and one an­ England, is through the living room's French plants-shouldn't even exist. But the owner other, these borders begin blooming in early doors. The garden'S layout is extremely knew what she wanted, ignored all the best spring. The plants closest to the walls bloom

American Horticulturist 5 ~~~ 1302 SElectric stein max THE DESIGN PAGE Chipper Shredder • 14 Day Free Trial fir st, foll owed by climbing roses and a va­ fertile holl y with lots of red berries and a • Center blade shreds corn stalks, pruning s, ol d plants, ri ety of perennials so intermingled you can't growth rate of about 10 feet in as many newspape rs , leaves and vi nes • Unique cle an cutting ac tion tell where one pl ant ends and another be­ years) , and drifts of the lower-growing !lex • Chipper do es 1'1,' branches gins. In late summer the rose canes, per­ crenata. In autumn, the scarlet-orange leaves • Powerful 1.8 hp motor ennials and some ri gorously pruned trees of sumac become a focal point. become supports for dozens of Clematis A keen gardener, the owner also wanted PLUS pl ants. Like a good Persian rug- so ri ch some good-sized perennial borders- an­ Bulk Leaf in detail, colors and textural contrasts that other opportunity for creating spati al il­ Shredding it is easy to fo rge t it is onl y an inch thick­ lusions and exaggerating the size of the AcCeSSOry this ga rden's size becomes irrelevant as you site. Designed to be seen from inside the walk through. house through a set of French doors open­ Wide-mouth hopper & special blade At the end of the paved path, in a shady ing onto a stone terrace, these 40-foot bor­ Special 12- edg e blade corn er highlighted with vari egated hostas, ders divided the garden in half lengthwise. shreds leave s extra fin e, wet or dry. Large feed ing are steps and a door. A door? yo u may A grass path ran down the middle, while hole handles great ask. But where does it lead ? And that is another cut across the borders midway, quantities. Attache s quickly. No other electri c shredder the point. The fact that it doesn't open is dividing the entire garden into four quar­ does thi s good a job. unimportant. From the moment one first ters, At the end of each cross path, white Huge 21 cu, ft_ capacity steps into this tiny garden, the stairway wooden arches were placed as entrances and door are a focal point and give the to vegetable garden and compost pile. Compost Bin path a purpose, Planted on either side of the latter's en­ Many gardeners have narrow city gar­ trance were various French hybrid lilacs in dens that co uld benefit fro m a few illu­ blues and purples, along with groups of sions, but an even large r number have fl at, Philadelphus 'Silver Showers', which has treeless suburba n sites surro unded by arching branches and bears fragrant, single neighbors' ga rages, driveways and ba r­ fl owers, becue pits, On a recent project, I had just To in crease the apparent length of the such a site, About 100 feet by 175 feet, borders when seen from inside the house the back yard of a large Vi ctorian house and the terrace, I pl aced the majority of Con tinuou s process bins from Eng land turn garden and kitche n wastes into rich co mpost in weeks. Scienti fic desi gn was bordered on the south by a road and th e warm- and hot-colored perennials­ accelerate s deco mposition . reta ins warmth and moisture. Intern al te mperatu res rise to 160"F in a few hours. Add rows of small , modern houses; on the east ye ll ows, oranges, reds and shades of pink materials anytime. Slide up panels at either end to remove and west sides, one had an unobstructed and apricot-nearest the house. The blues, mature co mpost at ground level. Large st model hold s 'h ton of mature compost. Rugged raccoon-proof construc · vi ew into the neighbors' li ving rooms, which have a tendency to appear more tion . Attractive green finish . 3 other sizes to choose from . One of my client's first requirements was distant, were concentrated in the second Greenhouse Quality privacy, a sense of enclosure that would half of the ga rden. Along with the blues make the space her own. Evidentl y, the were pink and mauve fl owers, as well as Cold Frame previous owners had felt the same way, red fl owers with blue undertones . Pl ants Solid aluminum structu re and for they had made some effort in that di­ with silver foli age were used to provi de a double wall unifying ground color throughout, The ac­ polycarbonate recti on by pl anting a privet hedge along glazing make the south side. (Un fo rtunately, this is the tual dimensions of the borders and the path JUWEL cold frames the best. kind of immedi ate and simplisti c solution separating them help increase this illusion Extend your Fall most people come up with. It doesn't mat­ of distance; the borders are designed to be Season by 6 weeks, plant 6 weeks earlier ter if it is a hedge, a stockade fence or a about 2 112 feet narrower at the far end, and in WARM soil next Spring . Expandable with line of arborvitae, the result is always the the path is laid out about two fee t nar­ add-on units. Optional automatic openers. sa me- simply a visual barrier. ) The gar­ rower at the end away from the house, Imported from England den's boundari es were so ri gidl y defin ed, What we call ed the " woods" would, in there was no room for illusions, no won­ time, become the background for the bor. watering dering where the ga rden ended, W ithout ders, A white metal gate was placed at the mys tery or expectati ons, the ga rden ap­ beginning of this background shrub bor­ Cans peared small er still. der, between a pair of Juniperus chinensis Regular & Long Reach The solution I came up with was to plant 'Mountbatten', a 20-footer with silver-green Models th at same south boundary with a mixture foli age. From the house, this little com­ of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs positi on would eventuall y look like the en­ Th is range of 7 ,-: ?-.'. :.' . ca ns handles every wateri ng "<;--":' ;,-:. so that the different foli age textures and trance to another garden area, As the trees lob In the greenhouse. garden or home . . colors, branch structures, forms and heights grew, the vi ewer's eye would group them Good looking . strong green pla sti C and bu ilt to last. Brass·fa ce d ros e attachments provi de would create a feeling of depth and move­ with those in surrounding ya rds and streets, ge ntl e rain for see d bed s and delicate seedlin gs. ment, The viewer's eye would move fr om extending the garden's imagin ary bound­ Call or write for FREE INFORMATION PACKAGE the ho ri zontal branches of Cornus alter­ aries even further. 0 The Kinsman Company nifolia and C. kousa to the spires of Eu­ -Margaret Hensel Ri ver Ro ad (Dept. Bll) Point Ple asant , PA 18950 ropean larch and across masses of shiny­ Margaret Hensel is a writer and landscape (215) 297·561 3 leaved !lex x aquipernyi 'Brilliant' (a self- designer li ving in western M assachusetts.

6 Feb ruary 1987 Museums collect his work. Now you can too.

George McMonigle. His work is collected by the White House, th.e Vatican and the Smithsonian. Now he creates an entire collection of intricate, hand-painted porcelain sculptures. "Birds and Blossoms of the World." An excellent value at $29.50. Twelve new and original imported sculptures that capture the world's most captivating birds. Each with its favorite flower. Completely true to nature .. . to the last delicate feather. And all hand­ painted with a host of brilliant colors. To collect and display in an aviary of polished hardwood with solid brass doors-included at no additional cost. Available only from The Franklin Mint.

© 1987 FM

The Franklin Mint Franklin Center, Pennsylvania 19091 Please mail by February 28, 1987. Please enter my subscription for Birds and Blossoms of the World by George McM0nigle. A collection of 12 hand-pain ned porcelain sculp­ Mr./Mrs./Miss ______tUFes to be sent to me at thc;l rate of one per month. I wij,l also receive a custom-designed aviary at no added charge. Address I need send no money now. Please bill me $29.50* for each sculp­ ture in advance of its shipment. City ______*Pflls my sta te sales tax alld S1 . f or shipping atJd handling. Signature ______State, Zip ______A.LL APPLICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO ACCEPTANCE. George McMonigle creates for The Franklin Mint. 7 A CATALOGUE REVIEW Jree & Shrub Suppliers

Go, then, and plant a tree, lovely in sun and shadow, Gracious in every kind-maple and oak and pine. Peace of the forest glade, wealth of the frUitful meadow, Blessings of dew and shade, hereafter shall be thine. -Marion Couthouy Smith, 1853·1931

here is nothing like a bit of shade in a garden on a hot summer's day­ T not the solid shade provided by an overhanging roof or a building's edge, but open and airy shade, a cool .spot formed by the shadows of a shrub or tree heavily laden with leaves. A bank of hostas or a peony bush is fine as a high-noon resting place for weary garden gnomes, over­ heated squirrels or wandering voles, but when they arrive at your door, and it will breeze. For city dwellers, they also have a the gardener needs more. be several years before the Village Smithy cultivar of the ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba) And the garden, too, needs ·more. Add­ will be able to stand beneath their arching called 'Autumn Gold', which turns a bril­ ing shrubs and trees to the perennial bor­ branches. But as Alexander Smith said, liant gold in the fall. It is more compact der not only helps create those small shady "You have planted it, and that is sufficient in growth than other ginkgos and bears nooks for plants that need protection from to make it peculiar amongst the trees of no smelly fruit, so it is perfect for the back the sun, it also provides a sense of scale to the world." yard garden. what might otherwise be just a boring row • Appalachian Gardens is found in the • Bernardo Beach Native Plant Farm is of all-the-same plants and flowers. beautiful mountain country of southern located 4,000 feet above sea level in USDA Garden centers usually provide only the Pennsylvania. Their catalogue is small but Zone 6 in central New Mexico. This firm most common plants-unless you are for­ interesting. The plants offered are at least offers a large selection of drought-tolerant tunate enough to live near a shop run by two years old, and all are well established native trees that usually grow to between both a businessperson and a plantsman. in four-inch pots. Among the more un­ 15 and 25 feet high when mature. The Most often your choices will be limited to usual items is the Franklin tree (Franklinia native shrubs attain a height of less than common red maples, dwarf fruit trees, or alatamaha), which bears large, creamy, cup­ three feet to more than 12 feet. All are yews and more yews. shaped flowers. This is the famous tree that perfect for residential use. "And we won't The firms listed below are far from av­ was found in the wild, lost, and then found send out plants to the wrong zone," says erage. The shrubs and trees listed in the again. Today, it only survives in cultiva­ owner Judith Phillips. To brighten up your pages of their catalogues-whether dimin­ tion. They also carry that marvel of west­ wish li st, they stock a new Russian olive utive dwarf conifers or species that will ern China, the handkerchief or dove tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia) called 'King Red', attain great heights-are all decidedly un­ (Davidia involucrata), which bears blos­ which bears red fruit and is beloved by usual. True, some will be of short stature soms that wave like squares of linen in the birds. They also feature false indigo

8 February 1987 Country Casual The Garden and Leisure Furniture Specialists A superior collection of diverse designs from England's major joineries and custom workshops.

SOLID TEAKWOOD • BENCHES • CHAIRS • TABLES • SWINGS • PLANTERS for park, church, school, office or private garden

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Immediate Shipment from our own Maryland warehouse. Country Casual pays the freight. 16 pg. colour catalogue $2.00 5' Windermere, Matching Chair and Wiltshire Low Table

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(Amorpha fruticosa ). In cultivation since • Camellia Forest of North Carolina is 1724, this species produces a multiple trunk fairly new on the garden scene. Their list if it is given plenty of water while young, is small but growing steadily. Included are and bears blue-black flower spikes and dark many camellias, most of which are suitable green compound foliage. For gardeners in only for Zones 7, 8 and the warmest part Zones 8 through 10, there is bird-of­ of 6. (A Zone 6 camellia, imported from paradise shrub (Caesalpinia gilliesii), nat­ the islands off the coast of Korea and re­ uralized from Argentina and hung with puted to withstand 0° F, will be offered clusters of pea-shaped yellow flowers with soon.) They also have some unusual bushes red stamens in June and July. and trees, including Chinese quince (Pseu­ • The Bovees Nursery of Oregon has been docydonia sinensis), a hardy, fast-growing selling rhododendrons and azaleas for many tree that will eventually reach 40 feet. years. In addition to these old standbys, It provides a beautiful show of color in they carry a wide selection of trees and autumn, and bears flowers as well as shrubs, including amur maple (Acer gin­ fruit for jelly or jam. (Be sure to order two nala). This native of China and Japan can trees for pollination.) Camellia Forest also be grown either as a many-trunked shrub grows Japanese angelica (Aralia elata), rmi-HmiH~._1iR_" or as a single tree, and is hardy to - 30° a small deciduous tree that produces fern­ Please send your value-packed F. Its bright green, three-lobed leaves turn like leaves and large clusters of flowers in I catalog. I enclose $2, deductible II a vivid crimson in the fall. Bovees also midsummer. I on my first catalog order. I stocks the beautiful Japanese snowdrop tree • Cascade Forestry Service of Iowa will I Name • (Styrax japonicus), a deciduous native of actually ship trees that are five feet tall or I St.lRFD I the Japanese woodland. Also hardy to -30° larger. Shipping is bare root by truck, or I City State--Zip_ I F, this tree bears pendulous clusters of the smaller specimens are sent by UPS. They faintly fragrant white flowers that appear carry northern hardwood trees, including I send to: [I I GILBERT H. WILD & SON, INC. II in June. It eventually reaches a height of black walnuts Uuglans nigra) and black Ii AH-287 Joplin St. • Sarcoxie, MO 64862 ... m 30 feet, but can be kept smaller if you wish. cherries (Prunus serotina). They also fea­ ._.e ..... __ . In addition, they sell the wheel tree (Tro­ ture shade trees in fiber pots, which can chodendron aralioides), which reaches 60 be planted as soon as the frost leaves the feet in Japan and Korea but usually grows ground. These include paper birch (Betula to a height of about 20 feet in this country. papyrifera) and red oaks (Quercus rubra). The leaves are similar to those of a large­ There is a package deal of native nut trees, leaved rhododendron with gentle scallops, including northern pecans (Carya illino­ and green flowers appear in May. This inensis), shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) species is only hardy to 0° F. and the hazelnut (Corylus americana), so

Mail Order Addresses

Lily Collection Send for the catalogues of the companies Girard Nurseries, P.O. Box 428, Geneva, Color your garden from June mentioned in Peter Loewer's article at the OH 44041. Catalogue free. to August with these easy to addresses listed below. Greer Gardens, 1280 Goodpasture Island grow, spectacular lily bulbs. • 6 hardy Asiatics Appalachian Garden, Box 82, Waynes­ Road, Eugene, OR 97401. Catalogue (mixed colors-June blooming 2 ' -.:5 ') • 3 hardy 1hJmpets boro, PA 17268. Catalogue free. $2.00. (miJled colors-July blooming 4 ') Bernardo Beach Native Plant Farm, Star Kelly Brothers Nurseries, Dansville, NY • 3 hardy Orientals (mixed colors-Aug. blooming 5 ') Route 7, Box 145, Veguita, NM 87062. 14437. Catalogue free. 12 Bulbs for only $19.95 Send four First Class stamps for list. Louisiana Nursery, Route 7, Box 43, Ope­ (Mel $2 for sblPP/DIII MasterCard. Visa we:kome. Give number Bovees Nursery, 1737 Southwest Coro­ lousas, LA 70570. Catalogue $3.50. I!r aplraUon date. Miller Nurseries, Canandaigua, NY 14424. Delivery: Nov. 1986 for Fall plant· nado, Portland, OR 97219. Catalogue Ing. or spring shipments 1987. $2.00. Catalogue free. Offer expires 3131187. (Guaran· teed to grow and bloom or your Cascade Forestry Service, Route 1, Cas­ Waynesboro Nurseries, Route 664, Box money back.) For the ultimate cade, IA 52033. Catalogue free. 987, Waynesboro, VA 22980. Cata­ selection In Jagra" lilies, send $2 for our new FaJl 1986/Sprlng Forestfarm, 990 Tetherow Road, Wil­ logue free. 1987 catalog (deductible from liams, OR 97544. Catalogue $2.00. Weston Nurseries, East Main Street, Route first catalog order). OREGO" BULB FARJI'IS Foxborough Nursery, 3611 Miller Road, 135, P.O. Box 135, Hopkinton, MA Street, MD 21154. Catalogue $1.00. 01748. Catalogue free. Camellia Forest, 125 Carolina Forest Road, Woodlanders, 1128 Colleton Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Send two First Aiken, SC 29801. Send two First Class Class stamps for list. stamps or 39¢ for list; catalogue $1.50.

10 February 1987 you can grow your own toppings for all kinds of desserts. • Forestfarm has a catalogue that lists many diverse items, including American native plants, plants for wildlife to enjoy, and .--- unusual ornamentals and conifers. This I Oregon nursery's selection is legion. One I can find the Canadian serviceberry (Ame­ I lanchier canadensis)-also called the shad­ I Greenhouse bush because it flowers in early spring, I or Sunroom? when shad swim upriver to spawn-as well FREE CATALOG I Make the right choice with Janco. as the dwarf bog rosemary (An dromeda A complete listing of Evergreen and Hardwood Seedlings and Transplants, polifolia 'Nana'). For those gardeners who Landscape Ornamentals, Rhododend­ I We're the only manufacturer to offer want to grow a medium-sized shrub in a ron , Rooted Cuttings, Ground Covers, I a com plete range of greenhouses and place that could be considered inhospit­ Container-Grown Plants, plus money­ I 50larooms to match every lifestyle, climate and budget. able, there is the skunkbush sumac (Rhus saving Special Offers. Buy direct from grower. I 50 before you make your decision , trilobata ). Hardy to Zone 5, this distinc­ I send $2.00 and receive our informa­ tive plant sports glossy compound leaves I Ple-;;;;-send FREE CATALOG 10 :--, I tive 48-page color catalog featuring and yellow-red colors in the fall. The leaves over 100 greenhouses. ~ I Name I have a skunky odor when crushed. l 50larooms and IANCO accessories. tiREfNl Address I Forestfarm also stocks quaking aspen, I I II.. GLASS STRUCTURES Populus tremuloides. A grove of these lovely C,ty ______I Mail to: Building in the sun since 1948. trees in the early light of autumn is won­ I Janco Gree nhouses, Dept AM 2, 9390 Davis Ave., I State ZIP I Laurel. MD 20707, (301) 498·5700 drous to behold. I I've enclosed 52.00 to cover first-class postage and We ship to all U.S. States and Canada I handling of my 48·page color catalog. • Foxborough Nursery in Maryland has I I Name ______an inventory of over 500,000 plants cov­ I Address ______ering 10 acres, as well as approximately I City State ______Zip ------five acres of field stock. They produce over ~IIM~~~~~~ L Phone ( ) .. 20,000 grafts and 300,000 cuttings per ------year. Their catalogue lists a bewildering selection of dwarf conifers, but they also have 32 cultivars of the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum, and 28 of European beech, INTRODUCING. Fagus sylvatica. In addition, they carry that wonderful weeping tree for small yards, the Camperdown elm, Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii'. For conifer lovers, Fox­ borough has 99 cultivars of our native American hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. • Girard Nurseries of Ohio sells rhodo­ dendrons, azaleas and broad-leaved ever­ greens, and has a long list of seeds available for conifers, trees and shrubs. They also carry flowering trees and shrubs, including eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis, in three­ to four-foot sizes. This tree's lavender-to­ rose flowers appear in early spring, and its golden autumn foliage is beautiful. They also stock a forsythia from Ireland, For­ sythia x intermedia 'Lynwood Gold', which has an erect growing habit and pro­ duces branches covered with blossoms. In addition, Girard Nurseries oHers a per­ sonal favorite, the weeping white pine, Pinus s Teak Garden Boxes strobus 'Pendula'. The unusual form (all of the branches droop toward the ground) Teak garden boxes for indoor or outdoor use. makes this tree look like a large green Call or write for details. Ask for our "Gifts for Gardeners" catalog. caterpillar. • Greer Gardens is another nursery that 4801 First St. N., Dept. A, Arlington, VA 22203 takes advantage of the beneficent climate 1iade Inquiries Welcomed 703-528-8773

American Horticulturist 11 A CATALOGUE REVIEW

of Oregon, and is another famous show­ topped. The annual growth rate of these case of rhododendrons and azaleas. But trees is five to eight feet per year for th€ th ey also carry an imposing selection of first five years, but they do slow down a ornamental trees and flowering shrubs. A bit after that. The evolution of this tree list of dogwoods (Cornus spp.) covers one began at the Royal College of Sci€nce in whole page of their catalogue. They even Dublin, Ireland, and was continued by the have Gunnera manicata, which does not New York Botanical Garden. Then, in technically belong in thtl tree or shrub cat­ 1936, the U.S. Forest Service stepped in egory but is eminently qualified because and continued the tree's development. of its size. They also list another favorite • Waynesboro Nurseries of Virginia has of mine, the Korean abelia-leaf or white been growing and developing fruit trees forsythia (Abeliophyllum distichum), which and ornamental plants since 1922. 1'hey bears small white clusters of flowers with stock pink, red and white flowering dog­ a sweet honey-like smell that app€ar in woods (Cornus florida), and have nine cul­ early spring before the leaves. tivars of flowering crab appl€s (Malus spp.). • Kelly Brothers Nursery of Dansville, New They also offer Kwanzan double pink York, has been in the horticultural busi­ flowering cherry (Prunus serrulata 'Kwan­ ness for 107 years. I remember passing the zan'), which is so often admired in the nursery on family Sunday afternoon drives spring. In addition, they stock 11 different chemical fertilizi when I was a small child summering in the maples (Acer spp.). Finger Lakes. This is not the place to go in your garden! ALL­ • Weston Nurseries of Hopkinton, Mas­ for the rare and the exotic, but if you are sachusetts, is a giant firm that has been TOMATO BOOSTER ™ improves interested in a native shrub like the fringe moving trees about since 1923. Among the seedling growth and reduces tree (Chionanthus virginicus) or a sour­ plants they have introduced are the double transplant shock. A special blend wood or sorrel tree (Oxydendrum arbor­ flowering quince (Chaenomeles speciosa of micro-organisms, enzymes eum), their catalogue is well worth a look. 'Double Appleblossom'), whose fully white and other Natural materials They also feature a fine tree wisteria, Wis­ flowers change to pink as they mature, and supplies all the nutrients your teria sinensis), clipped and ready for you the white weeping crab (Malus baccata tomatoes need. Develop strong, to continue the training. Or if you are in­ 'Edna Mullins'), named for a Weston em­ fruitful plants ... Naturally! Without terested in trying a few fruit trees in the ployee who retired in 1975. The latter tree the harmful effects of chemicals. back yard, take a look at the apples listed. grows to 15 feet. Its pendulous branches University proven. • Louisiana Nursery of Opelousas is well are covered with double white, fragrant known to many gardeners in the South. flowers in May. Weston also stocks the Would you believe they stock over 325 cut-leaf staghorn sumac (R hus typhina different species and cultivars of magno­ 'Laciniata') in sizes up to seven feet in height. lia ? The best sizes to ship are either their • Woodlanders is located in South Car­ special packing pot or their one-gallon olina. Even though most of their offerings container, but that only limits you to about are native to Zones 7, 8 and 9, many are 150 selections. They also have 14 types of hardy to Zone 4 and are carefully listed bamboo, including the beautiful black as such in the firm's catalogue. Among the bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra), which sports trees they list are over 75 natives of North America; an additional 50 that are not Send for our FREE CATALOGUE: rwo-inch green canes that turn jet-black Ringer's Natural Lawn & Garden with age. On other pages of their catalogue native and are listed as "exotic"; well ov€r Products. Indoor & outdoor are hundreds of ornamental shrubs and 100 native shrubs; and an additional 75 gardening, composting, lawn care small trees, and-for those who can handle non-native shrubs. In these pages you will and more ... ali completely Natural! the temperature requirements-a selection find Mexican yellow pine (Pinus patula), of bananas. Finally, for the southwestern turkey oak (Quercus laevis), stinking cedar r------~ I 0 Send FREE color catalogue! I gardener, there is a whole page devoted to (Torreya taxifolia) and toothache tree cacti and succulents, including agaves. (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis). They also I NAME I • Miller Nurseries of Canandaigua, New have a special page of "odds and ends," a I ADDRESS I York, is another family-owned company few choice species available on a first-come, that has been in business for generations­ first-serve basis. These selections, some of I CITY I in this case, 109 years. In addition to a which are very rare, come in containers : STATE ZIP : large liIumber of fruit trees, their catalogue ranging from one quart to one gallon in features the sunburst locust (Gleditsia tria­ size. Woodlanders publishes a descriptive IV: 111 /'t nfl I canthos 'Sunburst'), with spineless stems catalogue in addition to the main listings. I ~--~ RESEARCH I and bright yellow bursts of young foliage o -Peter Loewer I Ringer Research - Dept. 7300 I that appears throughout the growing sea­ Peter Loewer is a botanical artist and I 9959 Valley View Road I son. And if you really want a fast-growing scientific illustrator who writes and illustrates L ~e:!r~i::...~5~4.:?~5 __ oJ tree, their line of hybrid poplars can't be his own books.

12 February 1987 Probably The Best Seed Catalog

in the world. • •

.-\ (I> ~ "0 Q) (\) ::"'" ~. ~ 0 .... .$ ~~ ..... (,J f/l '"Q, ~ ~ 0 ~ .... 't1 !' .-- Q) ~ ~. IS'~ ~ .$ o~ ~ ~ ::"'" (l,~ ~I$' lSI Q.. 0 ~ ~\: 0, ~ "0 0 .$ ~~ ~. 0 -(,J ~ (l, ~~ f/l Ip .... Q ~o ,;.,... ~ 0", ~ d". Q OJ el"1.0 b Q 6"" q~~. 0 ""'( ~ ....o~ q" i- ~ ~'4; e,f, \ OO~ ~~. '= ~ ql"i · ~~ et IS' ';:' '" ~... ~ b ~'(}~ les. It: ~ :l 6(l,.... ~'!J

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even in 1977, the 'Guiness Book of World Suppliers of seeds to the Royal Records' confirmed T&M having the largest range Families of virtually every country in Europe, T&M seeds have been of seeds, with customers in 150 countries of the chosen by ... it world. .and has grown since then. New York Botanical Gardens. Year by year new varieties are introduced Central Park Strawberry Fields. fo llowing the policy established by William Longwood Gardens, Pennsylvania. Thompson, founder in 1855, who received new Huntingdon Botanical Gardens. and rare seeds from Charles Darwin. Royal Victoria Gardens. By adhering to his example of bringing the very Washington National Arboreta. latest seed discoveries to his customers, makes The Rothchilds. thiS , the 132nd consecutive ann\,lal edition of Amsterdam University Bot. Gardens. flower and vegetable seeds, a must for all Moscow Botanical Gardens. gardeners. DlOsen also to establish the garden made famous by the painter Monet and it's FREE! and many more.

Thompson a nd Morgan Inc . Dept. 7 Jackson. N.J . 08527 I I Name ...... I lihompson & Morgan Address ...... I THE SEEDSMEN EST. 1855 City ...... •...... •. • . • ...... •... I .,_. ... -,,-""" ... .. on 104m Street

TEXT AND PHOTOGRAPHY BY LYNDEN B. MILLER

14 February 1987 "Herbaceous borders in Central of several hundred lilacs whose powerful Park? Perennials in East Har­ scent in May reaches passers-by on Fifth lem? You've got to be crazy!" Avenue. This garden features large horse­ That's what they said in th e fall of 1982, shoe-shaped perennial beds and a tiny pool when the major restoration of the peren­ filled with water lilies. A small bronze statue nial section of the Conservatory Garden of a boy and a girl stands in the middle of in Central Park was begun. Four years later, the pool. Sculpted in 1927, the statue is 4,000 perennials now thrive there and pro­ dedicated to the memory of Frances Hodg­ vide spectacular bloom from late March son Burnett, the author of the classic chil­ to early November. Because of the gar­ dren's book, The Secret Garden. The two den 's success, perennial plantings are rap­ children in the sculpture are Mary and idly springing up all over New York City. Dickon from the famous story. The six-acre Conservatory Garden is lo­ Like the garden in Burnett's book, this cated in the northeast corner of Central "secret garden" had also been forgotten Park, adjoining the poor community of and neglected for many years. In fact, the East Harlem. Designed for the New York Conservatory Garden had suffered the same Parks Department to resemble the great fate as that of all 840 acres of Central Park estate gardens of Long Island and West­ during the 1960's and 1970's, when New chester County, the ga rden, which has three York City experienced a severe fiscal crisis separate sections, was officially opened to and few funds made their way to parks, the public in 1937. much less to a high-maintenance formal As visitors enter the Conservatory Gar­ garden adjoining a poor area of the city. den at Fifth Avenue and 104th Street, they During the late 1970's, this untended immedi atel y leave the noisy city behind spot was discovered by the Garden Club them. The tall, ornate wrought-iron gates, of America, whose New York Committee originally designed in Paris for the Van­ valiantly planted annuals in the Conserv­ derbilt Mansion, open onto a peaceful vel­ atory Garden each spring and raised the vety lawn ringed with clipped yew hedges funds to restore the little statue. But the and flanked by allees of crab apple trees. Parks Department could not provide reg­ The half-acre of grass encircles a fountain ular maintenance for the flowers during that spouts a 30-foot jet of water and is the rest of the year (only five gardeners backed by semi-circular tiered hedges and were available for all of New York City), a lovely old pergola that is densely covered so each summer, marigolds, ageratum and with wisteria. In the tradition of good gar­ other annuals struggled to survive. den design, the other two sections of the Finally, help came in 1979, when Eliz­ garden, located on either side of the lawn, abeth Barlow Rogers became the park's are hidden from first sight. It is these two first administrator. Rogers founded a non­ sections that contain the colorful plantings profit organization called the Central Park for which the Conservatory Garden is so Conservancy to work in partnership with appreciated. the Parks Department to restore the great To the right of the lawn, hidden from life-enhancing soul of New York City. Ma­ view, is a colorful classical garden in the jor restoration work on the Conservatory French style. Two levels of concentric beds Garden began in the fall of 1982 with funds surround a fountain with three dancing donated by Rockefeller Center. women sculpted in bronze. The beds near­ When the restoration began, gardeners est the fountain are designed as a French found the hedges overgrown, the perennial parterre (literally, a design "on the ground") beds choked with iris and buddleias, and and are filled with gray-leaved santolina only a few 'Betty Prior' roses still blooming and seasonal annuals. The outer beds pres­ by the empty graffiti-scarred pool. Gar­ ent two dazzling floral displays each year: deners went to work immediately, pruning 20,000 Darwin hybrid wlips in the spring, trees, fixing fountains, removing graffiti and 5,000 chrysanthemums in the fall. and planting new shrubs. The half-acre The third section of the garden is located lawn was also re-sodded. Muoh of the to the left side of the lawn. Often called garden'S former elegance had finally been the "secret garden," it is hidden by a circle restored. Despite the general improvements, how­ ever, the Conservatory Garden failed to TOP LEFT: In the Conservatory Garden in New York City's Central Park, the airy blos­ attract visitors. (In fact, according to a vis­ soms of Thalictrum mirr0r the shapes of the itor's survey of the park made in 1982, the New York skyline. FAR LEFT: A composi­ garden was one of the two "most avoided" tion of hollyhocks, delphiniums, Artemesia wlaces in Central Park.) Furthermore, the 'Silver King' alild baby's-breath in one of the restoration had not greatly altered the con­ perennial borders at the garden. LEFT: Eaoh fall, local school children help to plant bulbs dition of the little "secret garden," which in the Conservatory Garden. was still deserted and overgrown.

American Horticulturist 15 In the winter of 1982-83, plans were gatus', M. sinensis 'Purpurescens' and M. the Conservatory Garden, which is now made to re-design th e perennial beds to sinensis 'Zebrinus' not only enhance the the center of much activity. For instance, resemble an Engli sh-style ga rden, and the surrounding plants, but also provide in­ museum workers eat picnic lunches there, Central Park Conserva ncy raised $26,000 terest in the winter. La. rge groups of Bap­ and handicapped children in wheelchairs from neighbors, friends and several foun­ tisia australis, Amsonia tabernaemontana are brought in from a nearby hospital. Many dations to provide full-time horticultural and Aruncus dioicus lend a solid look to people come to admire the drifts of flowers supervision for the first time in decades. the borders, and several old shrub roses and the long allees of pink and white crab First, th e overgrown perennials were dug (s uch as Rosa rubrifolia ), as well as Hy­ apples with their gnarled trunks, or to just up and giv en away. Then the large beds drangea quercifolia and Berberis thunber­ sit in the shade. Wedding parties arrive were rej uvenated with a six-inch layer of gii 'Atropurpurea', provide contrast. each weekend to have their photographs rich lea f mold from Central Park's own Along a serpentine hedge of Ilex crenata taken in the elegant setting. Occasionally, compost heap. Finally, in the spring of 1983, that parallels the perennial beds are many the garden is rented for special events, such ga rdeners pl anted 3,000 perennials, all of annuals, including big drifts of white cos­ as small wedding ceremonies. This once­ which were carefully chosen to provide mos, ageratum, rocket snapdragons and avoided spot in East Harlem now hosts bloom from late March to ea rl y Novem­ Salvia farinacea. The garden'S staff is now garden parties under striped tents that look ber. More important, the beds were de­ experimenting with less common annuals out over the lush expanse of green lawn signed so that combinations of plants with such as Agrostemma, Sanvitalia, Osteo­ and back to the buildings of the city. To contrasting shapes and foliage would please spermum, Layia and Oenothera 'Miss increase people's enjoyment of the garden, the eye throughout the year. Primrose', along with many poppies and free chamber music concerts are also held Great drifts of flowering perennials were thistles. All are carefully chosen to com­ here each year. As hummingbirds dart interspersed with clumps of pl ants with plement the perennials and to add color among the flowers, people sit around the silvery foliage, such as Santolina, Arte­ during the hottest months, when many water lily-filled pool and music overcomes mesia, Stachys and Perovskia (Russ ian herbaceous plants go somewhat dormant. the distant sound of traffic. sage), to give a feeling of permanence and Grown for the garden by the Parks De­ The continuing success of the project to add a romantic air to the garden. About partment or by volunteer horticulturists, can be attributed to two main factors: good 175 different kinds of perennials were used the annuals are planted each spring by lo­ maintenance with high horticultural stan­ in all. cal school classes or community groups. dards, and active volunteer and commu­ The overall effect of the perennial plant­ In the fall, neighboring children plant bulbs nity participation. But more than anything ings is natural. The plants are allowed to in the same area. else, it is the plants themselves that make spill over the boundaries onto the flagstone Despite predictions to the contrary, very the garden so successful. The perennials paths, and the color scheme is soft-all few plants are stolen each year. If someone· and annuals not only provide visual pleas­ pastels, interspersed with gray and white. picks a flower, volunteers and staff politely ure, but also show city dwellers what can There are five main perennial beds, each explain that the garden belongs to every­ survive and even thrive with good main­ of which averages 15 feet wide by 90 feet one and was restored with hard-earned tenance in an urban setting. Once visitors long. Both well-known and unusual plants neighborhood funds, a message that is re­ have discovered the garden, they return have been included. Besides peonies, phlox, iterated on signs in both English and Span­ again and again to observe both the per­ delphiniums, fo xgloves, daylilies and Jap­ ish. The presence of the Conservancy's manent beauty and the constant changes anese anemones, there are four kinds of uniformed horticulturists helps to show taking place in this urban oasis. Annual perennial geraniums: Geranium 'John­ visitors that the garden is well cared for. displays can be dazzling, but once the vis­ son's Blue', C. platypetalum, C. 'War­ Friends of the garden have discovered' that itor has enjoyed them, there is little reason grave Pink' and C. sanguineum var. pros­ when things look clean and well-cared for, to return many times. People come into tratum (often li sted as C. lancastriense). the public rises to the occasion. A Parks the "secret garden" to greet "old friends" Many different types of salvi as grace the Enforcement Patrol officer gets to know in the border and to exclaim over new gardens, including Salvia uliginosa, S. x regular visitors, discourages rambunctious plants that have come into bloom since superba, S. officinalis 'Purpurea', S. ar­ children from climbing in 50-year old crab their last visit. gentea and S. sclarea var. turkestanica, and apples and generally enforces the rules of Although the design of the plantings was S. guarantica. Iris siberica, 1. kaempferi, I. the garden. originally inspired by English gardens, The tecto rum and I. pallida 'Variegata' have Each year, dedicated volunteers not only Conservatory Garden has become a unique been planted for interest. help with the demanding work of main­ American experiment. Seemingly far re­ In addition, the "secret ga rden" boasts taining the large perennial garden but also moved from the crowded, noisy city,' it attractive combinations of fat-leaved hos­ conduct guided tours. The garden staff has offers beauty as well as a message of hope tas and delicate astilbes. There are also five discovered that the m0re people know about and renewal to residents and other visitors, different types of Thalictrum, including the the history of the site, the plants, and the who respond by protecting the garden and tall, spectacular T. rochebrunianum 'Lav­ restoration and maintenance work in­ sharing its wonders with others. 0 ender Mist', which bears elegant sprays of volved, the more they respect the garden. American Horticultural Society members will tiny purple flowers in July and August, and Staff members have taken slides and plants visit the Conservatory Garden in Central Park lush clumps of blue-green columbine-like to local schools to introduce students to during the Society'S 42nd Annual Meeting, foli age. The many flowers of Lythrum vir­ the garden and to enlist their help in pro­ May 13-16, 1987, in New York City. For more informati on on the meeting, write or gatum 'Morden Pink' and Phlox 'B ri ght tecting it. Several neighboring schools now call Elizabeth Smith, P.O. Box 0105, Mount Eyes', as well as various types of coreopsis have programs in which students work in Vernon, Virginia 22121, (703) 768-5700. and veronicas, add zest to the overall com­ the garden in exchange for school credit. Lynden B. Miller is the Director of the position of shapes and textures. Big clumps In the summers, local teenagers are also Conservatory Garden. She will be a speaker of ornamental grasses such as Miscanthus hired to work in the garden. at the American Horticultural Society'S 42nd sinensis 'Gracillimus', M. sinensis 'Varie- Neighborhood residents keep an eye 01'1 Annual Meeting in New York City.

16 February 1987 ~: ., .. "~ ... .' ~ .' The Conservatory Garden features a statue of Mary and Dickon, the two children from Frances Hodgson Burnett's famous book, The Secret Garden. Here, surrounded by water lilies, they contemplate the skyscrapers of New York City.

American Horticulturist 17 or

nce again the early­ • Rosa 'Bonica'. The first spring flood of shrub rose ever to receive an Ocatalogues has begun, All-America Rose Selections and the mailboxes of gardeners award, 'Bonica' is a vigorous, across the country are filling up disease-resistant shrub that with publications featuring all produces arching canes that sorts of interesting plant grow up to five feet in length; temptations. Hybridizers have in three to four years, a single been busy developing a host of plant will reach five feet across. new plants to tempt gardeners, The plants produce masses of including a carefree shrub rose fully double, pastel-pink that won an All America Rose flowers from early spring until Selections award; a Lotus that frost. The blooms, each of holds its flowers well above the which has 50 or more petals, foliage; several Rhododendron hold their color even in the cultivars; and a new zinnia heat of summer. Glossy-green cultivar that is resistant to foliage and attractive orange­ powdery mildew. red hips are other features of The following is just a small ABOVE: Rosa 'Sequoia Gold' . RIGHT: Viola 'Flame Princess'. this outstanding new rose. sampling of the many exciting 'Bonica' is winter-hardy from new plants that garden centers • Nelumbo 'Charles Thomas'. seven to eight buds each, and Wisconsin to Colorado, and and nurseries will be offering Water gardeners will want to stands 37 inches in height. can withstand the heat of this season. Look for the make room for this striking • Begonia 'Tiara'. A lovely southern states from Texas to catalogues filling your mailbox new lotus from Lilypons Water new rex begonia from Logee's California. The Conard-Pyle for more on this season's new Gardens. While the blossoms of Greenhouses, 'Tiara' has a Company, which introduced plants. most lotuses are borne amongst compact habit and reaches 'Bonica' in this country, the foliage, 'Charles Thomas' about eight to 12 inches in recommends this new cultivar holds its lovely fuchsia-pink height. Its gray, purple, for use in groups or as a hedge • Rosa 'Sequoia Gold'. A blossoms well above its lavender and cream leaves are in the home landscape or in miniature rose suitable for attractive large leaves. This new very attractive, and each leaf public plantings. 'Bonica' will growing in pots or in the introduction can be grown in a exhibits slightly different be available from garden garden, 'Sequoia Gold' bears full-size pond or a small patio markings. In addition to its centers, nurseries and mail fragrant, deep-yellow flowers tub garden. ornamental foliage, 'Tiara' also order firms across the country. that retain their bright color • Primula 'Double Old Rose'. blossoms regularly, a Two other new roses from bud to open bloom. The Double carnation-style flowers characteristic that is unusual received the coveted All plants bloom abundantly and characterize this striking new for rex begonias. This new America Rose Selections award: bear shiny, dark green foliage. primrose from Andre Viette. culitvar also shows excellent 'Sheer Bliss', a hybrid tea }Nith 'Sequoia Gold', which is The blossoms are deep pink or resistance to mildew and is one a strong, very sweet fragrance available from Sequoia light red, and each plant of the easier rex hybrids to and creamy-white flowers Nursery, was awarded the produces a mound of flowers in grow. brushed with pink; and 'New American Rose Society'S Award spring. 'Double Old Rose' is • Osman thus heterophyllus Year', a compact grandiflora of Excellence at the Society'S hardy at least as far north as 'Maculiifolius'. This rare rose that boasts above average 1986 national conference. USDA Zone 7, and is a perfect cultivar of holly osmanthus, disease resistance and striking • Pumpkin 'Munchkin'. This plant for the shady garden. imported from Japan by orange blossoms. novelty produces miniature • Iris 'Silverado'. Iris fanciers Glasshouse Works, displays • Viola 'Flame Princess'. This pumpkins that are four to six will want to make room for spectacular variegation. sensational new pansy from inches in width and three to this new tall bearded iris from Although still in limited supply Thompson and Morgan four inches in height. Each tiny Schreiner's Gardens. Its pale (and therefore quite expensive), produces unique bright yellow pumpkin is bright orange and lavender-blue flowers have it is being offered by that firm blossoms with orange-red deeply ribbed. 'Munchkin' heavy substance and are also for the first time this year. "faces." The flowers are very is available from Harris highly ruffled. 'Silverado' bears Holly osmanthus, an evergreen, large, and the plants reach a Seeds. fine exhibition-style stems with is hardy to USDA Zone 6. height of about six inches.

18 February 1987

• Acorn Squash 'Swan White • Ocimum 'Purple Ruffles'. Table Queen'. This exceptional The benefits of this new basil new acorn squash from Stokes cultivar will endear it to Seeds is a must for every gardeners everywhere. It has a vegetable gardener. 'Swan dwarf habit and glossy, White Table Queen' produces reddish-black foliage that is silvery-green, bi-colored foliage very ornamental. Its strongly and snow-white fruits that are aromatic leaves are excellent exceptionally good to eat. The for use as an herbal seasoning. flesh is smooth and pale An All-America Selections yellow, and has no pumpkin winner for 1987, 'Purple taste. Furthermore, the fruit of Ruffles' not only has this new cultivar has 10 times ornamental value, but can also the calcium content of normal be as used as an herb. This squash. (Squash also contains versatile cultivar will be potassium and vitamin A.) available as plants or seed from Stokes recommends that each garden centers and nurseries plant be allowed to develop across the country. Seed will three runners. From two of the also be available from mail runners, gardeners can harvest order seed companies. five to six 1 V2 -pound mature • Zinnia 'Rose Pinwheel'. acorn squash. The third runner Pumpkin 'Munchkin' Gardeners will welcome this will produce lots of immature \i1ew introduction from Burpee fruit, which can be eaten as Seed Company; 'Rose "summer squash" when it is Pinwheel' is the first powdery still less than three inches long. mildew-resistant zinnia cultivar • Rhododendron 'September available. According to Song'. Trusses of warm orange Burpee's Flower Research blossoms characterize this new Manager, Dr. Denis rhododendron, which grows to Flaschenriem, 'Rose Pinwheel' about four feet in 10 years. represents a building block for Hybridized by the late Dr. Carl future mildew-resistant zinnias. Phetteplace of Leaburg, This new cultivar bears single, Oregon, 'September Song' was 2 Y2- to three-inch flowers. The named and is being introduced plants grow 18 to 24 inches in by Greer Gardens. A cross height, and can be grown in between R. 'Dido' and R. hot, dry, sunny spots or where 'Fawn', this new cultivar bears mildew is a problem. medium-to-large, olive-green • Acer negundo 'Flamingo'. leaves and is hardy to about Although box elder is often 0° F (Zone 7). considered a troublesome weed • Ornamental Cabbage 'Color­ tree, this new cultivar from up' Mix. Brightly colored Wayside Gardens will be ornamental cabbage are a fine welcomed as an attractive Osmanthus heterophyllus 'Maculiifolius' source of late-fall and early­ ornamental. 'Flamingo', which winter color for garden beds, has been grown in European borders or pots. 'Color-up' air for a considerable distance six-inch blossoms and will gardens for some time, ornamental cabbage, a new around each plant. This new bloom reliably from cuttings. produces stunning foliage that introduction from Park Seed, cultivar, which is being They can be grown in is light pink when it opens. in produces attractive red, pink or introduced by Carlson's containers or, in USDA Zone spring. At maturity, the leaves white heads that are 10 inches Gardens, is hardy to USDA 10 gardens, in the landscape. are green and are variegated high and 12 inches across. Zone 5 and will reach 'Jean Moragne' and the other with white and pink. They are also resistant to heat approximately six feet in height Moragne cultivars are available 'Flamingo' can be grown as a and cold. by five feet across in 18 years. from The Plumeria People. shrub or small tree, but should • Rhododendron 'Hot Ginger • Plumeria 'Jean Moragne'. • Zantedeschia elliottiana be maintained at a height of 10 & Dynamite'. A large-flowered Gardeners in the tropical 'Green Goddess'. This new to 12 feet. Occasional pruning cultivar of R. arborescens (our regions of the country will cultivar of the commonly in summer will keep the native sweet azalea) 'Hot want to take a close look at a grown calla lily makes a superb branching compact and the Ginger & Dynamite' bears series of handsome new pot plant when grown in full foliage color bright. Hardy in bouquets of attractive blossoms Plumeria cultivars developed by sun. It bears unusual variegated USDA Zones 5 to 8, 'Flamingo' in June and early July. the late Bill Moragne, one of flowers that are set off nicely prefers a location in light Gardeners will especially the few modern hybridizers of by bold green foliage. 'Green shade, especially in the appreciate its intensely fragrant plumerias. All of the Moragne Goddess' is available from southern portions of its blossoms, which perfume the cultivars will produce 4 1/2 to Spring Hill Nurseries. range.

20 February 1987 Acorn Squash 'Swan White Table Queen ' Plumeria 'Jean Moragne'

Primula 'Double Old Rose' Begonia 'fiara' Zinnia 'Rose Pinwheel'

American Horticulturist 21 Iris 'Silverado' Rhododendron 'Hot Ginger & Dynamite' Sainlpaulia 'Love Stripes'

22 Feb ruary 1987 • Echinacea 'White Swan'. • Carlson's Gardens, Dept. This new white-flowered AH, Box 305, South Salem, cultivar of our native purple NY 10590. Catalogue $2.00. coneflower will flower in only • Glasshouse Works, 10 four months from seed. The Church Street, Dept. AH, P.O. plants grow only 12 to 15 Box 97, Stewart, OH 45778. inches in height, and each plant Catalogue $1.50 produces many striking four­ • Greer Gardens, Dept AH, inch flowers with dark centers. 1280 Goodpasture Island 'White Swan' is available from Road, Eugene, OR 97401. Thompson and Morgan. Catalogue $2.00. • Pyrus pyrifolia 'Kikusui'. • Harris Seeds, Moreton Farm, Although Oriental pears are Dept. AH, 3670 Buffalo Road, not new, they are new enough Rochester, NY 14624. to the American market to be Catalogue free. newsworthy. The Japanese have • Lilypons Water Gardens, grown these fruits (sometimes 1500 Amhort Road, P.O. Box called "pear apples," although 10, Lilypons, MD 21717, or they are actually true pears) for 1500 Lilypons Road, P.O. Box centuries. 'Kikusui' is one of 188, Brookshire, TX 77423. the new Japanese cultivars Catalogue $4.00. being introduced by Greer • Logee's Greenhouses, Dept. Gardens. Like other Oriental AH, 55 North Street, pears, 'Kikusui' is ornamental Danielson, CT 06239. as well as practical. It produces Catalogue $3.00. an abundance of white flowers Zantedeschia ellioniana 'Green Goddess' • Lyndon Lyon Greenhouses, in spring, followed by a late Dept. AH, 14 Mutchler Street, summer crop of sweet, tasty Dolgeville, NY 13329. fruit. The fall foliage color is Catalogue $1.00. also attractive. • Moore Miniature Roses, • Antirrhinum 'Princess White Dept. AH, Sequoia Nursery, with Purple Eye'. One of four 2519 E. Noble Avenue, Visalia, All-America Selections winners CA 93277. Catalogue free. this year, this new snapdragon • Geo. W. Park Seed is a prolific bloomer that sends Company, Dept. AH, P.O. Box up new spikes of blooms all 31, Greenwood, SC 29647. summer long. The six- to eight­ Catalogue free. inch spikes make excellent cut • The Plumeria People, Dept. flowers. 'Princess White with AH, P.O. Box 820014, Purple Eye' will be available as Houston, TX 77282. Catalogue plants or seed at garden centers $1.00. and nurseries across the • Schreiner's Gardens, Dept country. Seed will also be AH, 3625 Quinaby Road, NE, available by mail from major Antinhinum 'Princess While witih Purple Eye' Styrax 'Pink Chimes' Salem, OR 97303. Catalogue seed companies. $2.00. • Saintpaulia 'Love Striptls'. shrub or small tree suitable for ost of the plants we • Spring Hill Nurseries, Dept. Pinwheel-shaped, single blooms virtually any landscape have chosen this year AH, 6523 North Galena Road, are the outstanding situation, 'Pink Chimes' Mare available only Peoria, IL 61632. Catalogue characteristic of this lovely new presents a spectacular display from the sources listed in the free. African violet from Lyndon of pendulous, pinkish-white descriptions. For more • Stokes Seeds, Dept. AH, 737 Lyon. The striped white and flowers in June. This new information or to obtain a Main Street, P.O. Box 548, light lavender blossoms are set Styrax cultivar is hardy in catalogue, write these 'companies Buffalo, NY 14240. Catalogue off by medium green foliage. USDA Zones 5 to 8, and at the addresses listed below. free. • Styrax 'Pink Chimes'. This thrives in a location with full All America Selections • Thompson and Morgan, new cultivar from Wayside sun or light shade. It prefers a winners and All America Rose Dept AH, P.O. Box 1308-AM, Gardens was discovered moist, acid, well-drained soil Selections winners will be Jackson, NJ 08527. Catalogue recently in Japan by Barry enriched with organic matter. avail·able from local garden $2.00. Yinger, Curator of Asian Plants centers and nurseries, and from • Andre Viette Farm and at the u.S. National Arboretum major mail order firms, some Nursery, Dept. AH, Route 608, in Washington, D.C. (For more For more information on the of which are listed below. Fishersville, VA 22939. on Barry Yinger, see "Careers new plants available for the • W. Atlee Burpee Company, Catalogue $1.50. in Horticulture" in the 1987 gardening season, look Dept. AH, 300 Park Avenue, • Wayside Gardens Company, December 1986 issue of for a follow-up article in the Warminster, PA 18974. Dept. AH, Hodges, SC, 29695. American Horticulturist.) A March 1987 News Edition. Catalogue free. Catalogue $1.50.

American Horticulturist 23 24 February 1987 IN LRJRE

BY RI CHARD M. ADAMS, II

f you are interes ted in horti culture­ rather work than study. For Bob, accepting After obtaining a bachelor's degree, Rich or any other field, for that matter­ the company's offer in stead of attending could pursue graduate studies, enrolling in I the decision whether to pursue an ed­ coll ege may be a wise decision. a master's degree program, which would ucation is a complex o ne. Before deciding, Ri ch Wilson (a lso no t his rea l name) involve one to three years of additional you should ask yourself several questions: recentl y graduated from hi gh school and study. Then, if he wanted to continue, he What are my goals? How will educa ti on works at the sa me nur ery chain , where could spend three to five more years pur­ help me achieve my goals? How much will he is head of the ho use plant department. suing a doctor of philosophy degree. it cost, and how will I finance it? How Ri ch has been interested in pl ants si nce he What do a ll of these choices mean to much income will I forfeit by attending was a youngster, and maintains hi s fam­ the person interested in horticulture? It de­ school instead o f working? Are achi evi ng il y's two hobby greenho uses. pends on what that person specifically plans my goals and earning a potentially hi gher Rich 's job at the nursery requires con­ to do. As the first two parts of this series salary worth the educational costs and for­ siderable skill. He must be able to identify made cl ear (see the October and December feited income? the hundred o r more house pl ants the nurs­ 1986 issues of American Horticulturist), The following two examples illustrate ery stocks, help customers with questions, some horticulturists work mostly with their how goals and interes ts may vary from one fi gure o ut which items sell best, order hands-for example, planting bulbs, re­ person to another and ultimately influence merchandise several weeks ahead, and potting house plants or spraying pesti­ one's decision to pursue an educati on. keep a balance between empty shelves cides. Others work more with their minds­ Bob Robinson (not his real name) is a and too much inventory in the back room. fo r instance, designing bulb plantings for high-school student with a part-time job Rich is good at all these jobs, and is con­ landscapes, deciding when a house plant at a national nursery chain. As a general sidered one of the company's top house needs re-potting, or selecting pesticides and clerk, Bob puts merchandise out on the plant department heads. Nevertheless, he mixing and applying them properly. Fi­ shelf, loads heavy items into customers' is starting to get bored with his job. He nally, some horticulturists work a great cars, runs a cash register, and performs has no say in the kinds of plants stocked deal with people-organizing volunteers many other tasks. or the way they are displayed, since or developing horticultural therapy pro­ Management is so impressed with Bob's these decisions are all made at company grams for the disabled, for example. Al­ efficiency and willingness to work that it headquarters. though practical experience and the ability has offered him a position as a manager­ Like Bob, Rich has been offered a man­ to work with one's hands are both im­ trainee. If he accepts, he will forgo college ager-trainee position. However, he realizes portant at almost all levels of horticulture, and start at an annual salary of $14,500 managerial work would take him further the more you work with your mind or with after graduating from high school-the away from the plants he loves. Thus, he people, the more important education is same salary the company offers college is thinking about pursuing an education in in helping you achieve your goals. graduates. After finishing the training pro­ horticulture. He feels the cost of college Horticulture is a diverse field. The more gram, Bob would be well on his way to a would be more than offset by the chance you know about the educational programs long-term career with the company, with for a more rewarding career. that are available, the better you will be many opportunities for promotion. There are many opportunities available able to invest your time and money and Bob enjoys working at the nursery and to someone like Rich Wilson who has de­ plan your career. knows enough about the products to help cided to pursue an education in horticul­ customers. He is not really interested in ture. For example, Rich could take some Non-Degree Programs horticulture as an academic subject. He courses in horticulture at his local voca­ Continuing Education Courses-Many botan­ doesn't like school very much, and would tional college. He could also take pl ant ical gardens and arboreta offer educational materials courses at a botanical garden, if programs as a community service. Gen­ he is fortunate to live near one. Or he could erally, these courses are designed for am­ An intern at Longwood Gardens in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, furthers her education attend an institution that offers a curric­ ateur horticulturists and do not lead to a with some practical experience in caring for ulum in horticulture, such as a land-grant degree, unless they are offered in con­ ZinnIas. university. junction with a university. Many of these

American Horticulturist 25 courses, however, are as challenging and sional credential for the person interested and get a feel for the college's atmosphere, stimulating as university offerings. (I once in working as a gardener or horticultural social life and other intangible factors im­ took a plant materials course at a major foreman, since it certifies that the person portant to a happy experience. botanical garden, and found it to be much has attained the equivalent, in education Some factors to consider in selecting better than a comparable course at a state and experience, of a two-year degree or a a college include location, cost, course university, simply because the instructor botanical garden internship. offerings, professors, size, independent had access to a several-hundred-acre ar­ study opportunities and extracurricular boretum from which he could take spec­ Associate and Undergraduate activities. imens for his class.) Botanical garden Degree Programs Location. How far away or close to home courses are a good way to explore your Most horticulture degree programs In do you want to be? Can you save money interest in horticulture, and normally re­ the United States are offered through state on living expenses by commuting from quire a smaller commitment of time and land-grant universities, which were pro­ home? What kinds of plants are native to money than do regular college courses. vided for by the federal government through the college's region? If you want to study Many county cooperative extension of­ the Morrill Act of 1862. tropical plants, you might consider the fices also offer short courses geared toward At the time the Morrill Act was written, University of Florida or the University of the general public or the nursery trade. The the predominant industry in this country Hawaii. If you are more interested in Master Gardener Program, now available was agriculture. Many people, including studying the cold-hardiness of trees and through many extension offices, provides Abraham Lincoln and Professor Jonathan shrubs, the University of Minnesota would amateur gardeners with basic training in Turner of the Illinois Industrial University be worth considering. horticulrure in exchange for volunteer work (now the University of Illinois), began to Cost. Keep in mind that land-grant uni­ in extension programs. There are also short realize the need for a national system of versities generally charge less tuition to in­ courses and seminars for professionals of­ education in agriculture that would help state residents (usually defined as living in fered by county extension offices. farmers increase yields, improve soil struc­ the state a year or more) than to out-of­ Internships-Some botanical gardens also ture and develop better crop plants. Lin­ state residents. offer internships for students working to­ coln promised that, if elected president, he Course Offerings. Some colleges offer spe­ ward horticultural degrees. These provide would sign a bill that would establish such cialized courses. For example, the Univer­ valuable practical experience that is dif­ a system. sity of California at Riverside offers several ficult to acquire in the classroom. Some In 1862, Lincoln fulfilled his promise. courses in citrus fruits, while the University internships are intended for students en­ The Morrill Act was passed, and the fed­ of California at Irvine offers courses in rolled in college, while others are self­ eral government donated land in each state molecular biology. Check college cata­ contained programs that lead to special for the establishment of a college for "the logues for course listings. certificates. (For information on how to special teaching [as defined by the state Professors. What is the quality of instruc­ obtain a list of internship programs, see legislation] of such branches of learning as tion like? Professors vary in their knowl­ "Sources" on page 38.) . were directly related to agriculture and the edge of the subject and ability to present North American Certificate in Horticulture mechanic arts." a well-organized, interesting and even en­ (NACHI-Many botanical gardens, parks, The state universities created through tertaining course. nurseries and other horticultural employ­ the Morrill Act have a three-fold purpose: Size. How large and diverse is the student ers have had difficulty finding skilled hor­ research, teaching and extension. They body? What is the faculty-student ratio.? ticulturists. This difficulty is partly due to conduct research to discover new knowl­ Large schools generally offer a greater se­ a lack of emphasis on practical skills in edge in the applied sciences, including hor­ lection of courses and extracurricular ac­ colleges and universities in the United States, ticulture, agriculture and animal science; tivities, while smaller institutions can offer says Gregory Armstrong, former chairman they pass the knowledge gained from this smaller classes and greater opportunities of the North American Certificate in Hor­ research on to students through courses to get to know professors and classmates. ticulture (NACH) program of the Amer­ taught at the university; and they interpret Independent study opportunities. At some ican Association of Botanical Gardens and this knowledge for practical application by universities, undergraduates have acc.ess to Arboreta (AABGA). farmers, nurseries and other citizens through specialized equipment like electron micro­ The AABGA inaugurated the NACH extension agents. scopes, while at other universities, only program to help certify the competence of ChoosingaSchool-Choosing an educational graduate students are permitted to use this horticulturists in practicall skills. The pro­ program involves a great deal of research. type of equipment. Similarly, some schools gram is based on a booklet, Study Guide Be sure to allow plenty of time to explore encourage independent study by givi'ng for the North American Certificate in Hor­ your options before you apply for admis­ professors the time to work individually ticulture, which includes a list of funda­ sion. (You should be concluding the re­ with students, while others do not. mental topics in practical horticulrure. After search on which colleges or programs in­ Extracurricular activities. Extracurricular studying the booklet and its extensive bib­ terest you about a year and a half before activities vary according to the college's liography, candidates apply to take a writ­ the semester you plan to start school.) Talk location and the attitude and interest of ten and practical exam, which is admin­ with professionals in the field, send for the students. istered throughout the year at various catalogues and brochures, and visit cam­ Associate's Degree-An associate's degree locations, as announced in the AABGA puses. Many schools have "visitor over­ involves a two-year program of study that Newsletter (see "Sources" on page 38). night" programs that permit prospective generally stresses technical, or "how-to," The NACH can be an important profes- applicants to stay overnight in a dormitory aspects of a specialized field. For example,

26 February 1987 the State University of New York at Farm­ ingdale offers the following associate in applied science (A .A.S.) degree programs related to horticulture: Agricultural Busi­ ness, Agronomy, Arboriculture, Floricul­ ture, Horticultural Management, Land­ scape Development, Nursery Manage­ ment and Turfgrass Management. These programs are intended for the student who wants to enter the horticultural field at a technical or middle-management level-for example, as a practicing farmer, tree expert, flower grower, florist shop manager or golf-course superintendent. However, many students begin their edu­ cation with an associate's degree, then transfer into a four-year bachelor's degree program. Bachelor's Oegree-A bachelor's degree pro­ gram requires four years of study. Gen­ erally, it is more intensive than th e asso­ ciate's degree program, and involves more course work in such basic areas as chem­ istry, physics, botany, business, English and social studies. Bachelor's degrees offered at Cornell Universiry that are related to horticulture include Landscape Architec­ ture and Plant Sciences. Those students who specialize in Floriculture and Orna­ mental Horticulture (both of which fall under "Plant Sciences") may choose an "emphasis" in Greenhouse Crop Produc­ tion Management, Retail Florist Manage­ ment, Horticultural Bu sin ess, Horticul­ tural Therapy, Interiorscaping, Landscape Horticulture, Nursery C rop Production At Brooklyn Botanic Garden, intern Naoko Saito from Tokyo, Japan, helps out with the Management, or Extension, Teaching and Harvest Fair. Research. Most horticulture students pur­ sue a general program that includes course achievement, such as previous work ex­ The Professor. Who will direct your grad­ work in most or all of these specia li zed perience, may also be considered. If yo u uate program and help you with your re­ areas. apply to a program th at requires an in­ search and thesis? What is his or her rep­ Admission to Undergraduate School-Kee p in terview, you should bring along some ev i­ utation in the field? How accessible is he mind that you are not the only one in­ dence of your achievements, such as pic­ or she? Will you get along? How many vesting time and money in your education; tures of gardens you have planted or other students does the professor have? the institution will also be investing in your maintained, landscape pl a ns you have What ideas for research projects does he career. (On the average, tuition pays about drawn, a li st of pl ant species you have or she have in mind? How open to your one-third of a student's educational ex­ grown or a li st of botanical gardens you suggestions for projects is he or she? How penses; the rest comes from government have visited. This kind of evidence will many students of this particular professor support, endowment earnings, private help convince the committee that the in­ have graduated in the last five years? On contributions, grants and other sources.) stitution should invest in your career. the average, how long do his or her stu­ Thus, the selection committee of any ed­ dents take to finish a graduate program? ucational program will look for some as­ Graduate Degrees Facilities. How much space and equipment surance that its investment in you will pay Choosinga Graduate School-Many of the same does the department have for research off; that is, that as a well-educated student, factors that are important in choosing an or teaching? How modern are the facili­ you will successfully apply your knowl­ undergraduate school also apply to grad­ ties? Will you have access to expensive edge in a career. Specifically, the commit­ uate programs. However, a graduate pro­ equipment like electron microscopes, elec­ tee will be looking for such indicators of gram involves working closely with an in­ tronic balances, computers, mass spectro­ success as good grades and good scores on dividual professor. Therefore, the professor scopes and so on? How extensive are the standardized tests like the Scholastic Ap­ is the most important factor in choosing plant collections and gardens? Will you titude Test. Evidence of interest and a graduate school and program. have access to cooperating institutions

American Horticulturist 27 such as museums, botanical gardens and the university, the candidate may also be to five years of study. In addition to course hospitals? required to complete a minimum number work, candidates must complete a satis­ Degree requirements. What kinds of of course credits. Professional master's de­ factory research project and thesis, which courses, credit hours and thesis projects grees like the master of professional studies usually takes two or more years. are required for the degree? Are there many (M.P.S.), master of agricultural science bureaucratic requirements set by the in­ (M.A.S. ) and master of landscape archi­ Horticulture Courses stitution, or is the program flexible enough tecture (M.L.A.) are intended for students What is it like to study horticulture in to be tailored to each student? wishing to acquire additional technical college? The following is a small sampling Financial aid. Unlike undergraduate stu­ knowledge primarily through courses. of classes I observed recently. If you are dents, most graduate students are funded Original research is usually not required, considering attending college in horticul­ by "assistantships" that allow them to teach but the student may be asked to do a spe­ ture, why not visit a school that offers or do research part-time in return for a cial project, which is normally less in­ courses in horticulture and see if you can tuition waiver and a stipend of several volved than a thesis. sit in on the classes that interest you? While thousand dollars a year for living expenses. Doctor of Philosophy-The doctor of philos­ you're visiting the campus, you may also Assistantships are often limited, however, ophy (Ph.D.) degree is intended primarily want to stop in at the bookstore and look so it is wise to check with the department' for those students who want to do research over the textbooks for the courses. or professor before applying. and teach at universities or work with pri­ Advanced Floral Design-Flower arranging is Courses. Does the graduate school offer vate companies. Most research at this level an important course for anyone interested the courses you want to take? is highly specialized and may be only re­ in pursuing a career as a florist or floral Master's Degree-A master's degree pro­ motely related to the concerns of the am­ designer. gram usually involves one to three years ateur or practicing professional horticul­ The day I visited Professor John Mar­ of study beyond the bachelor's degree. The turist. (See the description of Kenneth tin's class at Delaware Valley College in master of science (M.S.) degree emphasizes Mudge's work in Part I of "Careers in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, the topic was research training and usually requires the Horticulture" in the October 1986 issue flower arrangements for funerals. "Some candidate to do an original research proj­ of American Horticulturist. ) A Ph.D. de­ florists think that because a funeral piece ect and to write a thesis. Depending upon gree generally requires a minimum of three will be around just a few days, they can use any old flowers they want to get rid of," said Professor Martin. "When you design a funeral piece, though, you should use good material, not only out of respect for the occasion, but also because it is one of the few types of arrangements that will bear your signature as the designer." " Two basic shapes found in funeral arrangements are fan-shaped and tri­ angular," Professor Martin continued, pointing to an arrangement of maroon snapdragons he had made earlier in the week. He discussed containers, then ~rned the 12 students loose to design their own arrangements. The classroom was designed like a flo­ .rist's shop, with its own cooler, display window and back room with ribbons, tape and other supplies. A blackboard list.ed the prices of supplies, including each type of flower, greenery, container and accessory. Each student was free to choose from the wide selection of flowers. One student started with a background of palm leaves

LEFT: Students at Delaware Valley College in Doylestown, Pennsy lvania, learn about de­ signing and pricing funeral pieces in Professor John Martin's Advanced Floral Design course. ABOVE RIGHT: At the University of Dela­ ware in Newark, Delaware, students crowd around a flowering tree during a plant mate­ rials laboratory while Teacher's Assistant Roger Ph enicie describes the important char­ acteristi cs of the species.

28 February 1987 structin g one of three laboratory sections, each with about seven students. " The first pl ant is flowering quince, Chaenomeles speciosa. This is a large shrub, usuall y six to 10 feet in height, with many erect-to-spreadin g, spin y branches," he continued. The students hunched over th eir laboratory benches, intentl y filling in th e data on mimeographed forms with blanks for the com mon na me, scientifi c name, fa mil y, habit, height, fl owering season, = fl ower color, and other ornamental and cultural characteri sti cs. (Although stu­ dents who take th e co urse have a textbook with all the information, such forms are comm onl y used to help them sort out and lea rn the important data for the 200 to 300 plants they will be studying.) 8o ..c 0.. After filling out forms for each new plant, the students viewed slides of the and made a fan of yellow mums and daf­ In one experimen t, studen ts compare species. Then they went outside to view fodils. Another started with leatherleaf fern several brands and formulations of com­ li ve speci mens. and added purple flowers, including a spray mercial rooting compounds and their ef­ Like many coll eges offering plant ma­ of moth orchids (Phalaenopsis). Professor fect on both easy- and difficult-to-root spe­ terials courses, the University of Delaware Martin walked around, offering sugges­ cies. High concentrations of the auxin found has a small , but diverse coll ection of woody tions. He wanted to see more of a focal in these products are req uired to induce plants on campus. So me larger universiti es point in the yellow a rrangement, and rootin g of such difficul t-to-root woody have arboreta or botani cal gardens th at thought the purple one needed more height plant species as evergreens, while the same serve as laboratori es for th ese and other and width. concentrati ons may actu all y inhibit root­ courses. Finally, each student added up the cost ing of easy-to-root plants. Although plant materi als courses in­ of the materials used and deci ded on In another experiment, th e class assesses vo lve lea rning a staggering amount of in­ a price for the arrangement. Professor the effects of kinetin, a shoot-stimulating formation, they offer th e student a chance Martin graded the arrangements on how growth regulator, on leaf cuttings of rex to lea rn , in one course, what could take well the students had used good design begonias. As one might expect, treatment yea rs to lea rn on one's own. The acquired principles. with kinetin encourages early shoot growth information can become the landscape de­ During the semester, the students also from these cuttings. signer's palette or the nurseryman's tool­ learned how to design arrangements for This plant propagation cl ass also in­ in-trade. the table, for weddings, and for personal cludes several laboratory sessions on tissue Plant Taxonomy-"S prin g Wildflowers" may wear (for example, corsages, boutonnieres culture, or micropropagation. The stu­ sound like a fun and easy course, but as and hair pieces). They also studied design dents learn to work under a clean air hood, some of my students at the University of styles. After taking the course, the best using sterile procedures to cut off, or "ex­ California at Riverside discovered, there is students are well prepared to design in flo­ cise," the microscopic shoot tip of a plant a lot of hard work in volved. However, if rist shops. and place this "explant" into a test tube yo u are interested in horticulture, some Plant Propagation-If you like to start plants of a solid nutrient medium. Micropropa­ hard work in a taxonomy course can save from cuttings and seeds, you will learn in gation is used not only for rapid propa­ you a lot of work later on, when yo u have a plant pmpagation course that these gation of plants, but also to rid plants of to identify plants. If yo u know the most methods are but two of many propagation pathogens that may be transmitted by cut­ common pl ant families (of which there are techniques. In contrast to the more aes­ tings, to overcome seed germination prob­ fewer than 100), you will be able to iden­ thetic flower-arranging course, plant lems, and for germplasm storage. tify landscape plants all over the world. propagation exposes students to scientific Plant Materials-As students entered the The course textbook, A California Flora research and experimentation. woody plant materi als laboratory of Pro­ by Philip A. Munz, contains a few pictures, Students in the plant propagation course fe ssor James Swasey at the University of but it is illustrated mostly with line draw­ taught by Dr. Kenneth Mudge (see "Ca­ Delaware in Newark, Delaware, one day, ings. Most of its nea rl y 2,000 pages are reers in Horticulture," Part I, in the Oc­ they paused to look at twigs of flowering filled with descriptions and keys. If you tober 1986 issue of American Horticul­ cherry, quince, forsythia, and other spring­ want to identify a California lil ac, for ex­ turist) at Cornell University perform at least blooming trees and shrubs- a preview of ample, you start with the Rhamnaceae, or seven experiments with cuttings and four what they would soon see outside. buckthorn family. The key then helps you with seeds. They also do exercises in bud­ "Today we'll be covering 17 new plants," determine the genus by asking you to choose ding and grafting, as well as micropro­ began teacher's assistant Roger Ph enicie, among successive pairs, or couplets, of de- pagation, or plant tissue culture. a junior who earns course credit fo r in- Continued on page 36

American Horticulturist 29 STRANGE RELA TIVES Beans & Cola NuJs

ne of the largest commercial food includes some beautiful shrubs and small manufacturing enterprises in the trees. The name Dombeya commemorates OUnited States centers around a Joseph Dombey, a French medical botanist tropical tree native to the Americas and who accompanied many 18th-century known to all the world as the source of Spanish expeditions to Chile and Peru as chocolate. The tree is cacao, Theobroma a plant collector and eventually died in a cacao. Often called "food of the gods," it Spanish prison. is among the best known of all the plants The flowers are the outstanding feature originating in America. of Dombeya species. Usually showy and The history of cacao and chocolate dates sometimes fragrant, they bear five petals back to the time of the Incas, Mayas and and are held in dense heads that are either Aztecs of Central and South America, who erect or pendulous. The large leaves are cultivated cacao and made a bitter-tasting velvety-hairy. There are several attractive drink called xocoatl (pronounced choco­ species and hybrids, some of which are latl) from the roasted beans. The Incas, in grown as ornamentals in the tropics or whose territory the cacao tree was first subtropics, including USDA Zone 10 in cultivated, exploited the tree both for the Florida and southern California. beverage and for its seeds, which were used Most notable of Dombeya species is D. as currency and as the basis of the Peruvian wallichii, a small tree with showy, scentless financial system. balls of one-inch pink or red flowers that William H. Prescott's History of the Thelobroma cacao, commonly called cacao, is hang like Christmas ornaments and appear best known as the source of chocolate. Each Conquest of Mexico records that choco­ 10- to 14-inch fruit contains from 25 to 50 at Christmastime among the dense foliage. late was the national drink of the Aztecs. seeds, or beans. The beans are fermented and D . burgessiae, a six- to 12-foot shrub, Hernando Cortes found chocolate at the dried before being processed into chocolate. has fragrant white or pink flowers. A hy­ court of Montezuma and introduced the brid of this species, D. x cayeuxii, sports beverage to Spain. There, sweetened, fla'­ these malodorous flowers and attend to handsome rose-pink flowers with yellow vored with cinnamon and vanilla, and pollination. The fruit is a 10- to 14-inch­ anthers. served hot, the recipe remained a Spanish long red pod that resembles an elongated The largest genus in the sterculia family secret for almost 100 years. Later, in the acorn squash. As many as 25 to 50 seeds, is Sterculia. The name-from the Latin word 17th century, chocolate became very pop­ or beans, are embedded in the mucilagi­ stercus (meaning dung) and the name of ular, and chocolate houses spread nous pulp in the pod. (The word "cacao" the Roman God of Privies, Stercl}lius­ throughout Europe. is used to refer to the seed or bean, as well alludes to the foul odor of the flowers of During the 16th and 17th centuries, the as the pod or the tree.) A good tree will many species in the genus. The 300 Ster­ Spanish established cacao plantations in bear 60 or 70 of these fruits, and is con­ culia species include deciduous or ever­ their colonies in Central and South Amer­ tinuously in bloom and fruiting. The beans green trees of the tropics or subtropics of ica. The Dutch took the trees to Indonesia, are extracted, fermented and dried before the Americas and the Old World. The Ceylon and the islands off equatorial Af­ being processed into chocolate or cocoa. flowers of these trees have no petii\ls, but­ rica; from there, cacao was introduced to The cacao tree belongs to the Byttneri­ the calyx is often very ornamental, and its the Gold Coast in late 1870. Today, Ghana aceae, or byttneria family, although some segments are enlarged and colorful. Seeds and Nigeria are the world's leading cacao taxonomic authorities classify it as a mem­ are produced in woody pods that radiate growers; Brazil is the next largest pro­ ber of the Sterculiaceae, or sterculia family. like spokes of a wheel from a central stem. ducer. Cacao trees are cultivated in large (Willis's Dictionary of Flowering Plants Sterculia foetida is especially malodo­ orchards, pruned to a size that keeps their and Ferns classifies Theobroma as be­ rous, as suggested by the species name, fruits within easy reach of the pickers. longing to the Sterculiaceae, as do many which means stinking. It is native to the The cacao tree is an evergreen that can other sources.) These two closely related coastal regions of tropical Africa, Asia and attain 40 feet in height. Its leathery, long­ families include tropical trees, shrubs, and Australia. Four-inch-long, boat-shaped seed stalked leaves are coppery in color and a few vines and herbaceous species, some pods radiate in a star-like fruit and open hang limply when they first emerge, then of which are of economic or ornamental to release shining edible seeds that may stiffen and become green. Insignificant value. be roasted or consumed raw. This flavor­ flowers appear in clusters on small, rounded Dombeya species are perhaps the best­ ful seed is known as Java olive or Indian "cushions" that protrude from the trunk known ornamentals in the Byttneriaceae. almond. and branches. Dung flies are attracted to This genus from Africa and Madagascar S. apetala is the Panama tree. Explorers

30 February 1987 I ~~~~ I The American Horticultural Society

Spain in Private SplenDor April 12-26, 1987 A land of great beauty and history, the very name Spain provokes one's imagination. Our visit will encompass the four corners of this magical country-Barcelona, Galicia, Grenada, Sevilla and, of course, tim e in Madrid. Since many of the country's most interesting gardens are privately owned, we have enlisted two of Spain's leading horticulturalists to help design this exceptional tour. Private is the best word to describe what we are offering: from Moorish castles, ducal palaces and monasteri es to bullfights, country houses and city gardens, so much of what we wi ll see will be ope ned to us excl usively. This trip will delight all those interested in such a fin e bl ending of culture and horticulture. Carabilit~ Brown ~s EnglanD & Tbe cbelsea Flower s00w May 18-June 1, 1987 The name Capab ility Brown is synonymous with the magnificent open parks and woodlands of England. His influence is also felt in some of the great houses and surrounding gardens wh ich he was responsible for architecturally and aesthetically. Our two weeks which will include Press Day at th e Ch elsea Flower Show, will include visits to some of these Treasure Houses, with private tours conducted by the owners or head gardeners, as well as tours of some small er and more private estates, little known to the general public.

EmeralD GarDens of IrelanD June 4-18, 1987 A Tour Designed in Collaboration with Serendipity Tours Irish gardens have a wild and wonderful glory all their own. This trip is a romantic journey to some of the lost domains of Irish landscape as well as to the fl ourishing estates of today. The changing mood and character of the landscape will enchant us as much as our discovery of the variety and richness of the gardens we plan to visit. We begin in the Southwest with its dramatic views of sea and mountains touring gardens both natural and formal ; and spend the last portion of our trip visiting such wonders as Mount Usher and Powerscourt in "The Garden of Ireland ," Dublin and County Wicklow.

Lost anD FounD: Formal GarDens of EnglanD June 17-July 2, 1987 Come to the mysterious world of England's 'Lost and Found Formal Gardens; ranging from the grandeur of Powis Castle in Wales, with its luxuriant Italian tumble of terraces, to the sundappled mystery of Melbourne, a 'forest garden' where glittering fountain jets sparkle at the end of treelined allees. We'll see the strange emblematic topiary garden at Packwood House in Warwickshire, with its yew 'Sermon on the Mount; and the coziest Tudor & Stuart manor houses, nestled in their flowery stripped brick and golden Cotswold stone ;;".,rrmtm~~==~=l!:"~~11 enclosures. A special tour with Graham Stuart Thomas of his world famous old rose collection at Mottisfont Abbey is scheduled. Although most of the magical gardens of Renaissance and 17th century England were swept away by the improving hand of Capability Brown, Humphrey Repton, and other great exponents of the English 18th century landscape school, enough traces remained to inspire a revolution in 19th century England. Under the influence of Sir Walter Scott, many an old garden was revived and revised. Through such gardens, we'll be able to trace the little known history of England's fantastic formal gardens. These trips are sponsored by the American Horticultural Society.

PASSAGESFor further informationUNLIMITED ple ase contact: ~~iiiiiPASSAGES lii"~~!!!"~~~ 10 Lakeside Office Park, Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880 UNLIMITED, INC. 617-246-3575 STRANGE RELA 11VES

Chocolate Facts

acao beans contain a great deal of fat, in addition to minute amounts Cof mildly stimulating alkaloids, in­ cluding theobromine and caffeine. Cocoa is made by removing most of the fat from the beans, which are then roasted and ground up. The fat that is removed is called cocoa butter; it is an important ingredient in pharmaceutical and cosmetic prepara­ tions. White chocolate consists of cocoa butter mixed with sugar. Regular choco­ late is made by adding extra fat (cocoa butter) to ground-up beans. All chocolate that meets U.S. federal standards is clas­ sified as "real chocolate." All "real choc­ olate" contains cocoa butter. Other choc­ on olate products, which are usually made from cocoa, substitute vegetable oil for co­ coa butter, and must be labeled "choco­ FREDONIA late-flavored. " Although both cocoa and chocolate are sorption of calcium in the body and there­ SEEDS rich in calcium, they are also high in oxalic fore offsets the potentially positive effects acid, which apparently interferes with ab- of this mineral. We pack seeds de­ veloped and grown by the finest seed growers from every corner of the globe. found the villagers on the Isthmus of Pan­ The Cola species-C. nitida, C. acu­ ama chewing seeds produced by this tree. minata and C. vera-are all modest-sized The popularity of the seeds led to the name trees that bear simple, lobed or compound of the republic and to the adoption of the glossy leaves and small clusters of red or Panama tree as the national emblem. The yellow flowers; egg-shaped pods contain I tree provides much-needed shade in a land about eight reddish seeds or nuts each. I where the sun's rays are intense. When its According to 16th-century accounts, peo­ ill-smelling flowers open, it is shunned, as ple of the Cape Verde region chewed the I are other members of the genus. The seeds seeds to enable them to go without food, I from the tree's hard brown pods are edible. to quench thirst and to improve the quality o 20% RefuQd- on $20 of S. apetala is also used as a timber tree. of drinking water. Today, cola nuts are I Fredonia Seeds. Send sales Several other cultivated species of Ster­ chewed in West Africa and elsewhere as a I receipts with Store hame and culia are planted for shade or ornament in stimulant or to suppress feelings of fatigue Fredoniiname ~rom all' gackets southern Florida and in Hawaii. However, or hunger. The nuts or seeds, which con­ I or boxes totaling $20.00 they are used with discretion because of tain about two percent caffeine a'S well as worth of Fredonia Seeds, I the odor of the flowers. other alkaloids and flavorful oils, are also I Send to: Another genus in the sterculia family is used in the preparation of medicines and FREDONIA SEEDS Cola. Like the cacao tree, the cola nut tree beverages. has great commercial value. In fact, next Cola drinks, made by boiling the pul­ I 9017 FREDONIA BUILDING to the oil palm, Cola is the most important verized dried seeds in water, are known all FREDONIA, NY 14063 I nut crop in Africa. This African native is over the world. Many of these are prepared I Please send my refund to: widely grown and has special uses in social with added extracts from coca leaves (Ery­ and religious customs. Nuts of Cola nitida throxylum coca) from which the cocaine I NAME ______and C. acuminata are collected from both has been removed. The best known cola wild and cultivated trees, and sold fresh drink, Coca-Cola®, is a carbonated soft I ADDRESS ______at the market. Cola nuts of commerce come drink flavored with extract from coca leaves, I CITY ____ STATE ______chiefly from wild trees in Africa and cul­ cola nut, sugar, caramel, and acid and ar­ tivated orchards in the West Indies. The omatic substances. The recipe for Coca­ I ZIP ______L ______.J trees are also sometimes planted in tropical Cola® is a closely guarded secret, and rival gardens. beverage companies have not yet suc-

32 February 1987 ceeded in analyzing or duplicating the product. Another tree in the family, Brachychi­ ton, commonly called bottle tree, is so sim­ il ar to Sterculia in botanical features that (Merck) the 11 species in this genus are so metimes Landscape Design listed as sterculias. Native to Australia, brachychitons are used as ornamental trees Workshop in Zone 10, particularly in California. August 1-22, 1987 Brachychiton acerifolius, flame tree, is Stokes Seed Catalog a magnificent 60-foot deciduous tree that John Brookes - British designer, author of The Garden Book, Room Outside, Almost 200 pages of delicious vegetables produces flowering panicles of rich red, international lecturer. and brilliant flowers including the newest bell-shaped calyxes. It is leafless when introductions plus aU your old favorites. James van SWeden - ASLA creator of The huge selection includes more than 95 in flower. Its leaves are deeply lobed, "New Romanticism" in landscaping, tomato varieties. resembling those of maples; hence its spe­ extensive use of grasses & perennials. Accurate descriptions tell. you exactly cific epithet. The tree's inner bark is used Geraldine Weinstein - former Director what to expect from each variety. Exact­ in making cordage, mats, hats, bags and of Horticulture New York City, Harvard ing temperature and humidity controUed lecturer, design consultant. storage of our seed assures you of extra baskets. seed vigor and plant performance. U you B. populneus, commonly call ed kurra­ Live, work, and study at the magnificent demand the maximum performance from jong, is characterized by poplar-like foli­ Chateau de La Napoule on the French your garden, plant Stokes Seeds, Riviera. Comprehensive program in SEND TODAY FOR YOUR age and provides excellent fodder for live­ landscape design. stock. A deep-rooted species, kurrajong FREE CATALOG retains its greenness even in droughts. In Noele M. Clews, Director STOKES SEEDS California, it is used as a windbreak. LANDSCAPE DESIGN WORKSHOP 799 South Street 1496 Stokes Bldg., Buffalo, NY 14240 B. rupestris, narrow-leaved bottle tree, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA Name ______has a very swollen trunk above its con­ Telephone: (603) 436-3040 Address ______stricted base, which gradually tapers to a ______Zip ______bottleneck shape above. Bottle tree is an appropriate name, since the tree serves as a reservoir of water. Also stored between the inner bark and the wood is a sweet, edible jelly. Five genera of Sterculiaceae are native to southern portions of the United States. One species of distinction is Fremonto­ dendron californicum, from California, Arizona and Baja California. This attrac­ tive species is an evergreen tree or large shrub that is generally suited for orna­ mental planting in climatically similar re­ gions but is reportedly hardy in the East up to Zone 6. Its thick, leathery leaves are densely felted beneath. The flowers lack petals; the bright yellow calyx of the two­ to four-iflch flowers is very showy. Often listed erroneously as Fremontia, the genus iHE~A..~"" ~'" PLANtiNG Fremontodendron was discovered by and COUNClr named for John C. Fremont, who collected many notabie trees and shrubs during four Without Wilt-Pru! With Wilt-Pru! hazardous explorations ifl the far western When plants lose too much biodegradable and organic. United States between 1842 and 1848. moisture during a move, the result can be wilting, shock­ to ;~t;~ is the idealIwa~y Whatever their precise botanic classifi­ even death. shrubs the cation, or wherever they are el'lcountered, Wilt-Pruf®helps prevent plants belonging to the Byttneriaceae or transplant shock by providing a ® Sterculiaceae constitute a valuable and fas­ protective coating that holds in So~~~;~ing. don't PRUf essential moisture. make amove cinating assemblage of the world's flow­ Wilt-Pruf also protects without it. ering plants. ft -Jane Steffey against drought, windburn, air ANTI-TRANSPIRANT pollution, salt spray damage and Guards against winter kill. Another plus, It's moisture loss year' round. ] ane Steffey is an editorial advisor to p. O. Box 4280, Greenwich, CT 06830-0280. American Horticulturist.

American Horticulturist 33 Book Reviews

In an Irish Garden. panion to Gardens contains a wealth of Sybil Connolly and Helen Dillon, Editors; fascinating information on topics ranging from Swedish pomologist and garden ar­ photography by Walter Pfeiffer Harmony Books, New York, New York 1986 160 pages; hardcover, chitect Carl Abelin to zoological gardens. 540.00. NlS member price, 530.00. The approximately 1,500 entries-700 de­ voted exclusively to specific gardens-were Like The Englishwoman's Garden and The written by a panel of experts, and include American Woman's Garden, this book is information on the history of gardens all a collection of personal essays by garden­ over the world. General discussions of the ers about their own gardens. The editors development of gardens in particular re­ have selected a variety of gardens to fea­ gions-Africa and South America, for ex­ ture (the majority of which are private), ample-are included, along with entries on many of which have not been formally individual public gardens. In addition to photographed before. Included are castle British gardens, the editors have included gardens, the gardens of stately Georgian entries for many major American gardens,' mansions, plantings around small country as well as gardens in specific countries all houses and many cottage gardens. Al­ includes informal, personal text written by over the world. Also included are biogra­ though most of the gardens selected are the gardeners themselves, and presents in­ phies of a wide range of individuals from clustered around Dublin, this book fea­ timate photographs of the private gardens all parts of the world who are important tures gardens located in both northern and featured, The Gardens of Ireland has for­ in the study of garden history, and dis­ southern Ireland-from Glenveagh Castle mal, carefully written text and photo­ cussions of various garden styles. in County Donegal to Knock-na-Garry in graphs that illustrate the grand-scale style This book would make a handy refer­ County Cork. of the houses and gardens featured. ence for anyone with a curiosity about gar­ The essays about each garden are per­ Both public and private gardens are fea­ den history or gardens around the world. sonal in nature; each gardener discusses tured, and the text about the gardens is the history of his or her garden, comments interesting and well written. The author The Gardener's Handbook of Edible on particular plant combinations (many of includes information about the design and Plants. which, alas, are not suitable for our harsher focus of each garden, and also describes Rosalind Creasy. Sierra Club Books. San Francisco, American climate), and describes the gen­ particularly interesting plant combina­ Ca lifornia 1986 420 pages; hardcover, 525.00; erallayout of the garden or discusses par­ tions. Also included is a discussion of the softcover, $12.95. NlS member price, 121.88 ticular projects undertaken throughout the history and development of each garden. (hardcover), $I 1.35 (softcover). years. A map locating all of the gardens is The photographs, for the most part, are provided. lovely. Many views taken from vantage There are hundreds of edible plants for As with all books of this type, the pho­ points above the gardens show the layout gardeners to choose from, and who but tographs are stunning, and they provide a and scale of the gardens. Others illustrate Rosalind Creasy, author of The Complete glimpse of traditional perennial borders architectural features, perennial borders Book of Edible Landscaping, is better and terraces that are designed with an Irish and particular plant combinations. Un­ qualified to write an encyclopedia of food­ flair, gardens with spectacular views of the fortunately, several photographs seem dark, bearing plants for the home garden? Irish countryside, or lovely combinations and much of the detail of the plants in This is a fascinating, detailed look at a of exotic and common plants that are as these pictures is lost. wide variety of food plants, ranging from unexpected as they are beautiful. Twenty of the gardens featured in The tropical fruit trees such as pineapple guava Gardens of Ireland are open to the pub­ and citrus, to hardy nut trees, herbs and The Gardens of Ireland. lic, and a map locating these gardens is such exotics as capers. The information in Text by Patrick Bowe. Photographs by Michael provided. each entry is organized for easy reference; George. Little, Brown and Company. Boston, readers can quickly scan both the "effort Massachusetts. 1986 189 pages; hardcover, $39.95. The Oxford Companion to Gardens. scale" and a thumbnail sketch of the cul­ tural requirements of each plant to see if NlS member price, 535.95. Geoffrey & Susanjellicoe, Consulting Editors. Oxford University Press. New York, New York it is suitable for their particular needs. The The Gardens of Ireland features 21 gar­ 1986 635 pages; hardcover, 549.95. NlS member author has also included a detailed dis­ dens, many of which surround palatial es­ price, 544.95. cussion of how to use each plant in the tates in the tradition of the great English kitchen and in the landscape. "How to country houses. This book differs from In Essentially an encyclopedia of terms, peo­ grow" information includes bulleted par­ an Irish Garden in that its presentation is ple, places and events important in the de­ agraphs on climate, exposure, soil, fertil­ more formal. Where In an Irish Garden velopment of gardens, The Oxford Com- izing, watering, pruning, pests and har-

34 February 1987 FIRST &ONLY Greenhouse/Screenhouse vesting. Secti o ns o n how to purchase each Year-Round Combination! pl ant include informatio n o n po llinato rs, li sts o f cultivars and sources. Finall y) the UNI~~~RG'f_SA"'NG Rtt{" autho r includes a discussio n o f how to p re­ serve and p repa re each pla nt and a sample SOH-pO INSULATED recipe o r two. WINTER SUN SPACE CONVERTS Altho ugh the majo ri ty of the book is TO A SUMMER SCREEN ROOM! The ONLY s pecialty liquid plant I devoted to the encyclopedia entries, the foods in the industry. Made fo r I author has also included valuabl e in fo r­ safety, a ccuracy a nd results. mati o n in " Pa rt Two" o n pla nting and JUNGLE JUICE (2·5·4) fo r fantasti c I m ainta ining the ed ible landscape. " Pa rt fo liage growth and s uper green. I Three" is devoted to lists o f sources of GRANNY'S BLOOMERS (0·6·5) I edible pla nts, o rganizatio ns and publica­ ZERO nitroge n a nd s pecial trace I ti ons, as well as a glossary and a n extensive for a bundant afri can vi o le t bibliography. The book is illustrated w ith bl ooms, yo u wo n't believe your eyes . I numerous line drawings. CACTUS JUICE (1·7·6) Fo r I o ut s la nding s peci mens a nd he lp s New In Paperback pro mo te fl o we ring . I FLOWER CRACKER (1·6·5) Fo r I Early American Gardens: For Meate or Impat iens , Orc hids, Bro mel iads, I Medicine. Ge raniums , a ll fl owering pl a nt s . o Bronze aluminum J Shatter-re SIStanl glaZing I Ann Leighton University Of Massachusetts Press ONo foundations required 0 Ea sy dO -II-yourself 6 oz. bottle makes 12 gals. capful assembly 0 Ideal spa /hoi tub room . Amherst, Massachusetts. 1970. 441 pages; softcover, measure. $3.85 ppd. I Send $2 for Color Catalogues, Prices, Any 4·6 oz. oils. $11 .85 ppd. Free $14.95. AHS member price, $11.95. SENT FIRST CLASS MAIL. calalog. I Dealer InqUIries Welcome American Gardens in the Eighteenth VEGETABLE FACTORY , INC . Dept. AH Clarel Century: For Use or For Delight. P.O. Box 2235, Dept. AH-87 n New York, NY 10163 Deerfield. IL 60015. Laboratories Inc. Ann Leighton University of Massachusetts Press Amherst, Massachusetts. 1976 514 pages; softeaver, $14.95. AHS member price, Sf 1.95. AZALfAS AND RHODODENDRONS Anyone w ith a n i'lterest in the histo ry of 'THINK BIG ' WHEN YOU ORDER BY MAIL - American gardens w ill be pleased to know THE PLANTS THAT WE SHIP ARE FUll SCALE! that these two fine books are now avail a bl e YOU DON'T WANT TINY TOTS in paperback. Early American Gardens fo­ WASTING GOOD GARDEN SPOTS, cuses on the use o f plants in 17th-century lOOKING INCONSEQUENTIAL AND FRAil. New England. The autho r has unearthed Extensive selection I Personal service I fascinating informatio n o n the histo ry of 4~0Ns "For Gardeners & Designers Who Care . plant use in the N ew W o rld, as well as 1.. Need Advice? Call (914) 763-5958. garden design, no menclature, the day-to­ O1R 2-yearCatalog Subscription day use o f plants in the ho me, and the use $200 (deductible with order) of plants in medicine and cooking. An ex­ Box 305-AH """"111 ______G4RDE~ OF VERSE S South Salem. NY 10590 tensive appendix includes discussio ns of plants of particular importance. American Gardens in the Eighteenth ------Book Order Fonn------Century continues the history o f gardening Please send me the books I have checked below at the special AHS prices. in Ameri ca with chapters on 18th-century D In an Irish Garden ...... $3 0.00 I would like to order books. American vegetables and fruits, George CROWN 05 170 (Please add $ I. 7 5 per book for postage and Washingto n's M ount Verno n estate, nat­ D The Gardens of Ireland ...... $35.95 handling. Virginia residents, also add 4% sa les LlTIL 05180 uralists and botanists that explo red this tax .) D The Oxford Companion to Enclosed is my check for $, ______co untry during the 18th century, and the Gardens ...... $44.95 Mail to: Robin Wi ll iams, American Horticultu ral devel opment of plant catalogues and li sts. OXFOR 05 140 Society, P.O. Box 0105, F87, Mount Vernon, VA Both books are copio usly illustrated w ith The Gardener's Handbook of Edible Plants 22121. Please all ow six weeks for del ivery. D Hardcover ...... $21.88 black-and-white engravings, line drawings RANDO 05 150 Ship to: ______and garden plans. Indexes and extensive D Softcover ...... $11.35 bibliographies are also provided. 6 RANDO 05 160 Street: ______D Early American Gardens ...... $11.95 -Barbara W. Ellis UMASS 052 10 City: ______Barb ara W. Ellis is Publications Director fo r D American Gardens in the Eighteenth the Ameri ca n Horticultural Society, and L ______Century ...... $11.95 ~ Editor of American Horticulturist. UMASS 05200 St.te: Zip: ______

American Horticulturist 35 AIlS 1ravel Program CAREERS IN HORTICULTURE Continued from page 29 Spain in Private Splendor (April 12-26). A land Chelsea Flower Show on Press Day will rou nd scriptions. In this case, your choice is " fruit of great beauty and hiStory, the very name out this exciting tour. fl eshy, drupelike" o r "fruit dry, capsul ar." "Spain" provokes one's imagination. Our '~ s it will If your speci men has a dry seedpod, you In Sear<;h of Gertrude Jekyll II (July 7-22). encompass the four comers of this magical coun­ would choose the second alternative. Then try-Barcelona, Galicia, Grenada, Sevilla and, of Our search for the gardens of Gertrude Jekyll will you get another choice: "calyx-tube joined course, will include time in Madrid. Since many take us to the English countryside to visit the of this country's most interesting gardens are pri­ many homes and gardens that speak to the ge­ to base of ovary, the sepals deciduous in vately owned, we have enlisted two of Spain's nius of this outstanding gardener and her remark­ fruit; style not jointed" versus "calyx-tube leading horticulturists to help design this excep­ able partnership with Sir Edwin Lutyens. free from lower part of ovary, the sepals tional tour. Private is the best word to describe Throughout our tour we will meet ,,~th English persistent; style jointed." If the elongated what we are offering: from Arab castles, ducal pal­ authors, landscape architects and horticulturists part of the ovary, o r style, of your speci ­ who will share with us their knowledge and affec­ aces and monasteries to bullfights, country men is bent, or " jointed" and the group houses and city gardens, much of what we will tion for the work of Gertrude Jekyll. Leader: Mac see \viIl be opened to us exclUSively. This trip will Griswold, garden writer and historian. of fused sepals, or calyx-tube, is attached delight all those interested in a fine blending of to the ovary, you would choose the first. culture and horticulture. One remaining couplet in this short key YES! Please send me more information on the brings you to the California tours I have checked below. Ceanothus, lil ac genus. Capability Brown's England and the Chelsea D Spain in Private Splendor Flower Show (May 18-June 1). The name Capa­ D England and the Chelsea Flower Show Taxonomy has a reputati on for being bility Brown is synonymous with the magnificent D In Search of Gertrude Jekyll II difficult, si nce the student must learn open parks and woodlands of England. His influ­ hundreds of new terms. A leaf tip, for ex­ ence is also apparent in some of the great houses Name ______and surrounding gardens for which he was archi­ ample, can be acute, acuminate, cuspidate, tecturally and aesthetically responsible. Our two­ Admess ______obtuse or emarginate, depending upon how week tour will include visits to some of these abruptly it tapers. Most courses include treasures, with private tours conducted by the City ______State ____ Zip _____ ongoing instructi on in terminology so that owners or head gardeners. We will also visit some students can key faster. smaller and more private estates, many of which MAIL TO: Elizabeth Smith , American Horticulttual Students of plant taxonomy also lea rn are .not known to the general public. A trip to the Society, PO Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121. how to recognize botanical families. (This skill saves time in keying, because if you recognize the family of an unknown plant, NOW ... BY MAIL! you do not have to use the lengthy famil y key.) All members of the bean famil y, Leg­ YOU CAN GROW HERBS Unusual, Hard­ To-Find Flower uminosae, for example, bear the same kind Our handbook/ catalog is a Arranging of fruit (termed a legume), a pod that splits dictionary of herbs from down both sides . The family is divided into Acorus to Yarrow, with Supplies: three easily recognizable subfamilies. These accurate descriptions of Tool, Techniques, include the Faboideae, whose members bear more than 600 culinary, tea , Tricks of the Trade a bean-like, or " papilionaceous," flower decorative and scented SPECIAL OFFER­ with an upper petal ("banner"), two side herbs, scented geraniums, MAKES A GREAT petals ("wings") and two lower petals joined dye plants, flowering peren­ GIFT: at their bases to form a boat-like " keel. '? nials, seeds, topiary plants The subfamily Caesalpinioideae includes and frames. Recipes, books, a The many beautiful tropical trees, such as De­ growing guide, and garden lonix regia. Members of the Caesalpinioi­ designs help your fragrant Original deae bea r flowers whose upper petals are and gourmet gardening . overl apped by the lateral petals. The Mi­ Stem mosoideae includes the acacias (Acacia spp.) Handwritten Stripper and powderpuffs (Ca lliandra spp.). The flowers, each of which have many stamens, in finest A unique tool for removing calligraphy. thorns and leaves from appear in dense clusters and look like a Send $2.00, stems. ball or powder puff of stamens. Once you learn to recognize these characteristics, you refundable 95 including first order onI y $9ea postage [, can spot the bean family anywhere. handling to: Landscape Techniques-On ce yo u have learned New Catalog ... to propagate and identify plant materials, $1.00 Refundable with you can learn how to plant them in the FIRST ORDER Sandy Mush Herb Nursery landscape and take care of them. Courses Rt. 2, Surrett Cove - AH The Keth Company like the one taught by Professor Frederick PO. Box 645 Leicester, NC 28748 H. Ray at Delaware Valley Coll ege help Corona del Mar, students lea rn these very techniques. California 92625 On the day of my visit to the class, seven

36 February 1987 SUPPORT FROM SCOTLAND ~ For over 50 years, the students were learning how to plant a tree. Scottish War Blinded have The group had previously dug up a spec­ HERBS made a galvanized wire, imen, and had learned how to ball-and­ garden plant support that is ~C~!J;~1 culinary used in home and public burlap the root ball. N ow, they were medicinal gardens all over Britain -­ preparing to plant th e Stewartia tree insect repelling even sold at the famous Wisley Garden Centre. (Stewartia pseudocamellia ) alo ng a new dye plants Place this support over your nature trai l surrounding the pond at Del­ fragrance plants plants early-on to allow aware Valley Coll ege. them to grow up thru the everlasti ngs five separated sections of Our first stop was the shed to pick up scented geraniums the ring. The ring is support- tools, including shovels, rakes and a bas­ ed by a set of 3 legs . Order ____. . _v_ '_ _. Choices: ket-like hand truck fo r carrying heavy root Fox Hill's selecti on of 350 varieties of carefull y balls. " A truck like this would cost about propogated cont ainer grown herb and scented ~~:-~~~:H ~i~::)s !:;~r!~~y. ~1}~i~U1~i{i.tt~~ $250 retail , but this one was made by a geranium pl ants includes: 18 diffe rent basi Is, RINGS: SET OF 3 LEGS: about 30 thymes, 10 rosemaries, 16 mints, 9 welder with about $75 worth of parts," lavenders, 8 oreganos, 9 sages, 12 artemisias, etc. 12/1 Ring . .. $1.95 18/1 High ... $1.85 Common and uncommon plant material. 15/1 Ring ... $2.40 24/1 High ... $2.50 explains Professor Ray. He held up a two­ 18/1 Ring ... $2.85 36/1 High ... $4.15 handled tubular fr ame th at is used like a Information: 22/1 Ring ... $3.40 miniature sedan chair to transport root Our comprehensive catalog, "All You Need to Kn ow Shipping ball s. " This other type of carrier can be About Herbs"...... ______$1.00 (Wa[td\!ickt: Charge: $2.00 used by two people to ca rry a small tree. "What You Need to Know Box667A We're hav ing one built with four handles, About Scent ed Geraniums". _ _$ 1_00 Hudson, NY 12534 which will be steadier. " A class member " What You Need to Kn ow FREE GARDEN TALK FREE to Preserve Herbs" ______$4.00 tried to sit on it, whil e two others struggled A CATALOG OF FINE PRODUCTS to keep it from tipping sideways . Pointers The Bas il Book ______. _ . ______. $8.00 FOR INDOOR AND OUTDOOR GARDENERS like these help the students choose equip­ Shopping li st: Famous English Garden Tools, Cape Cod Weeders, Swiss Pruners, Maine's Magic Weed­ ment and use it properly when they a re The plant price li st is free for the asking. ers, Snail/Slug Traps, Danish Tools, English working at a nursery. 440 W. Michigan Ave., Dept AHa, Box 9 Thatched Birdhouses, and much, much more. Our next stop: the compost and mulch Parma, MI 49269 • (517) 531-3179 WALT N ICKE BOX 667A, HUDSON, NY 12534 bins. Here, Professor Ray described th e different types of soil amendments and th eir components. On this particular day, th e students were goi ng to use " Eagleite," Why not plant the very composted wood shavings from a nea rby kennel, to give the transplanted tree a boost best Quality Perennials? of nutrients. At the pl anting site (a slope bo rdering th e pond), the cl ass dug a hole and hoisted The Famous Andre Viette Farm the tree into pl ace. As they filled the hole in with a mi xture of so il and compost, and Nursery, located in Professor Ray kept the tree straight and Fisherville, has one of helped stamp down the soil to eliminate ai r pockets around the roots. As the last the largest collections bits of fill were raked level, he sprinkled in the East. We ship a pre-emergent herbicide over the soil to nationally. prevent weed seeds from germinating and to help the tree establish itself without competition. The students then watered in Fields of Flowers the tree and spread more Eagleite over and around the water basin as a mulch. Specializing in Professor Ray's course also includes units Flowering Perennials ~vijP)tJJ on planting design, turf, transplanting, Rock Garden Perennials pruning, di agnosis of pathogens and tree fertilization. Such courses go a long way Woodland Plants in providing horticulture students with Daylilies valuable practical experience. 0 v4wfre Yiette

Richard M. Adams, II has a Ph.D. in Rare and Unusual horticultme from Cornell University. He is Accept No Substitute the author of "Careers in Horticultme" Part I Plants and Part II, which appeared in the October and December 1986 issues of American 703-943-2315 • Route 608, Fisherville, Va. 22939 Horticulturist. Write For Our Catalogue - $1.50

American Horticulturist 37 Origin of World Famous "AfRICAN VIOlETS" Sources

MIRACLE ON l04th STREET The Conservatory Garden is located on Fifth Avenue at 104th Street in New York City. It is open to the public all year with­ out charge from 8 :00 a.m. until shortly GREA T BOOK5.i-. . before dusk. c Home of the first double ON WATER " pinks GARDENING . I CAREERS IN HORTICULTURE o A. Garden Pools. 64 c> Reddest reds pgs. $2.95 ppd. A variety of reference books and booklets D B. Water lilies, Pools & c> Goldfish 336 pgs. o G. Stapley's Book are available to individuals interested in Miniatures & trailers $19.95 ppd. of Water Gardens, o C. Koi for Home & 180 pgs. $11 .95 ppd. obtaining more information about horti­ ., Exotic house plants Garden, 96 pgs. TWO HAROeOVER $5.95 ppd. BOOKS In Magnificent cultural careers. To obtain copies, write to Shipping available to all 50 states o O. Goldfish & Koi 210 Color. Both Books 12")(9", pgs. $12.95 ppd. o H. Koi of the World. 240 the organizations listed below, or contact from May 1st to Nov. 1st, o E. Ponds and Water pgs. $35.00 ppd. Gardens, 176 pgs. o 1. A Japanese Touch the reference librarian at your local library. weather permitting! $8.95 ppd. For Your Garden, 80 pgs. O F. Water Gardening of color $20.00 ppd. Students may request information from 126 pages (new '87) o J. Garden Pools. Send $1.00 for our latest $7.95 ppd. Fountains & Water Falls, their guidance counselors. OPEN YEAR ROUND 80 ill. pgs. by Sunset color catalog to: $5.95 ppd. North American Horticulture: A Refer­ VISA AND MASTERCHARGE ence Guide. Compiled by the American Lyndon Lyon Greenhouses, Inc. Horticultural Society; Barbara W. Ellis, Dept. AH 14 Mutchler St. Editor. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, Dolgeville, NY 133290249 ~~~;7dl;e .-rIIr.r:m New York. 1982. This reference guide, 75 which is available in many public libraries, lists educational programs in the United States and Canada that lead to associate, bachelor's, graduate and other degrees. Entries for schools that offer programs in Water Gardening horticulture include address, admission re­ quirements, degrees granted, other edu­ Symposium cational programs, library size and dem­ onstration or test gardens available. Lists April 4 & 5, 1987 of correspondence, horticultural th erapy, 9:30 a.m.-4:00 p.m. landscape architecture and landscape de­ sign programs are also included, along with National Wildlife a list of certificate programs. Federation North American Horticulture: A Ref­ 8925 Leesburg Pike erence Guide is available from the Amer­ Vienna, VA ican Horticultural Society for $50.00 per copy (hardcover). To order, write Robin The American Horticultural Society, Williams, AHS, P.O. Box 0105, Mt. Ver­ in cooperation with the Water Lily non, VA 22121. Society, is sponsoring an in-depth Student Employment and Internships at symposium on all aspects of water Botanical Gardens and Arboreta for 1987. gardening: design, construction and American Association of Botanical Gar­ For more information, please write to: maintenance; new plants; companion dens and Arboreta (AABGA). This direc­ Water Gardening Symposium, AHS, plants; waterfalls; lighting; and tory lists over 400 intern positions at gar­ PO Box 0105, Mt. Vernon, VA 22121. Japanese Koi and other exotic fl.Sh. dens across the country for students with and interest in horticulture. The directory lists the garden's address, a contact person, NAME ______deadlines for application, position avail­ able, hours, salary and comments about ADD~S ______the position and the educational benefits CITY ______STATE __ ZIP ______offered. To obtain a copy, send $2.00 to AABGA, P.O. Box 206, Swarthmore, PA 19081, (2 15) 328-9145.

38 February 1987 Its ~rm~t for Directory of ColJeges & Universities with the Very Finest in Programs in Landscape-Related Fields. Carl McCord, Editor. Associated Landscape Miniature Roses Contractors of Am erica. Published in 198 1, We Grow Beau tiful Perennials this 37-page booklet li sts schools with both carry the best two- and four-year degree programs. To At A Price ~ Will Like!!! We obtain a copy, send $3.00 to Associated The plants that return to bloom season selection, featur­ Landscape Contractors of Ameri ca, 405 after season for years of easy pleasure, our specialty . . . Perennials. ing the very best North Washington Street, Suite 104, Fall s Church, VA 22046, (703) 241-4004. White Iberis for early spring, Career Information. The Ameri can Hor­ summer's perky Shas ta Daisies and the very newest fall for bl ooming Chrysanthemums .. . ticultural Society has ge neral inform ati on Perennials beautify your h ome. varieties. on careers in horti culture, including a li st Bluestone grows over 300 varieties of educa ti onal programs throughout th e of perennials which are shipped in country and an article about ca reers in full growth - easy to plan t an d each horticulture. To obtain a copy, send $1.00 plan t guaran teed. :--D---~-~-~~--~;--;~::--~-~-~~~--- - - to cover postage and handl ing to Garden­ Send for our free catalog. We will be er's Informati on Service, Ameri ca n Hor­ pleased to hear from you. Catalog Today! ticultural Society, P.O. Box 0105, M ount I Vernon, VA 22121. Nam e ______Name North American Certificate in Horticul­ Address ______ture. This certi fica ti on program is admin­ Address istered by the American Associati on of Bo­ ______State ___ City tani cal Ga rdens and Arboreta (AABGA). , Zip ______-S~t-a-te------~z~i p------l For more information, write to them at th e address below. 7225 Middle Ridge Rd. flr~t Miniature Roses, Inc.l The AAB GA also offers a job pl acement Hammond AH Madison, 58 Street, Dept. i hotline and in its newsletter li sts positi ons Ohio 44057 ______~~_~!~~~_~~~~~~~~_~::t~_?_~?~? ______j available. For more info rm ati on, write AABGA. P.O. Box 206, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, (2 15 ) 328-9145. Master Gardener Program. To find out if the Master Gardener program is avail abl e Introducing the Exciting, New in your area, write or call your local Ag­ ricultural Extension Service, which is li sted Rock Garden Series in the telephone directory under state, city or county government. SELECTED MINIATURE PEONIES from Roy G. Klehm The Best 14¢ You Ever Spent

Send a postcard (or o ur free 120 pg . 1987 catalogue 0 1 ~ We also offer over 300 choice peony varieties home garden size packets of vegetable. herb , and n ll\\ ' l' r from our Illinois production farm, as well as the seeds: also bul bs, blH)ks. tools .m d gadgets - .111 at \'ery reasonable prices. highest quality Tree Peonies, Daylilies, Irises and ~\ ptnet~ee Ga~den Seeds Hostas. ~ ' New Gloucester, ME 04260 (207) 926-3400.

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American Horticulturist 39 Turner Greenhouses Classifieds FREE CATALOG

Choice 01 two coverings. Rib-spacing 24 inches on center. Some competitive models use CLASSIFIED AD RATES: only hall as many. Bonsai Trees, Supplies. Catalog $2.50 (deduct­ 85¢ per word; $17.00 minimum per insertion. 10% ible). We ship anywhere. Gifts. M/C. VISA . discount for three consecutive insertions using same BONSAI CREATIONS, 2700 N. 29th Ave., copy. Copy must be received two months prior to #204 AH, Hollywood, FL 33020. (305) 962- publication date. Send orders to the attention of Cindy 6960. Weakland, American Horticultural Society, Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121. Or call (703) 768-5700. BOOK SEARCH Send your list of wanted out-of-print, hard to ALPINE & ROCK GARDEN PLANTS find books - gardening or otherwise. I'll search ADVENTURE IN COLD CLIMATE GAR­ for them. No charge or obligation. EDWARD Inexpensive base DENING Alpine-Perennial plants for begin­ F. SMILEY, Bookseller, 43 Liberty Hill Rd., Exlendabilily. requirements. ner and discriminating collector. Descriptive Bedford) NH 03102. catalog $1.50. SOLAR GREEN, LTD., RR 1, Box 115A, Moore, ID 83255. BOOKS A Turner Greenhouse makes DRIED BOUQUETS SO REAL THEY LOOK gardening year-round a reality. Over 300 Varieties for Sun & Shade. Includes 13 varieties Dianthus, 28 varieties Phlox sub­ FRESH! Show-and-Tell books: Step-By-Step Call 1-919-734-8345 or write ulata, 13 varieties hardy Geraniums. 24 Page BOOK OF DRIED BOUQUETS, over 285 Pho­ to: Catalog, please send 44¢ in stamps. ROCK­ tos: Williamsburg, Modern, Country, Victo­ NOLL NURSERY, 9210 U.S. 50, Dept 33, rian, Gifts. ($9.95 ppd.). Step-By-Step BOOK Hillsbo..!:Q, OH 45133-8546. OF PRESERVED FLOWERS, professional se­ crets for preserving 100 flowers, incl\1des Mi­ TURNER GRE~NHOUSES START ROCK GARDENING NOW. Our crowave, ($3.95 ppd.) BOTH BOOKS $12.90 EASY-TO-GROW Collection, 12 plants for your Hwy. 117 Bypass ppd. FREE NEWSLETTER, send stamp. RO­ climate, $21.95 plus $5.00 shipping East of Goldsboro, NC 27530 BERTA MOFFITT, PO Box 3597, Wilmington, Rockies, ($3.00 West). No foreign shipping. Or DE 19807. send $2.00 for our informative catalog, and fall supplement. Over 1,000 plants; rock gardening Out of Print and scarce gardening and botanical books. SISKIYOU RARE PLANT NURSERY, books. Catalogs issued regularly. Please write Dept. 74, 2825 Cummings Rd., Medford, OR to WHEELBARROW BOOKS, 22, Brangwyn 97501. Ave. , Bright.Q!!, Susse~ BN1 8X~ England. PURCHASED FOR CASH: Horticultural, Bo­ THE AVANT GARDENER WEED WITHOUT tanical Book Collections, Any Size. Pickup Ar­ DIFFERENT, EXCITING, GREAT FUN TO ranged. Please Phone (519) 621-8897. PO­ BENDING READ-for the gardener who wants to get more MONA BOOKS, Rockton, Ontario, Canada out of gardening! Subscribe to THE AV ANT LOR lXO. With the EASY WEEDER~M you GARDENER, the most useful, most quoted of can now have a weed-free lawn and all gardening publications. Every month this THE HERB GARDENER'S RESOURCE GUIDE, Second edition. A comprehensive ref­ garden without back stress and dan­ unique news service brings you the newest and gerous herbicides. most practical on-going information-new erence offering 500 sources of plants, products, EASY WEEDER features: plants, products, techniques, with sources, plus services, information! $7.95 from NORTH­ • Hardwood handle • Assembed & tested feature articles, special issues. 18th year. Awarded WIND FARM, Rte. 2, Box 246(A), Shevlin, • Stainless blade • Made in USA Garden Club of America and Massachusetts MN 56i676i. • Under 2 Ibs. • Lifetime guarantee Horticultural Society Medals for outstanding I'-IORTICULTURAL BOOKS-Scarce, out-of­ contributions to horticulture. Curious? Sample print. Free Catalogue available. Book Search. $29.95 plus $3.00 copy $1. Serious? $10 full year (reg. $15). THE CAROL BARNETT, 3128 SE Alder Ct., Port­ shipping and handling AVANT GARDENER, Box 489M, New York, land, OR 97214. VISA, Me or check NY 10028. 1985 Edition EXOTICA 4, with 16,300 photos, 405 in color, 2,600 pages in 2 volumes, with AZALEAS & RHODODENDRONS rA~ Addenda of 1,000 Updates, by Dr. A. B. Graf, HARDY AZALEASI& RHODODENDRONS. $187. TROPICA 3, revised 1986, 7,000 color WARNlco/USA Northern grown and acclimated. Big sizes! Big photos, now 1,156 pages, $125. Exotic Plant selection! Personal service! For Gardeners and Manual, 5th Ed., 4,200 photos, $37.50. Exotic 59A Rutter St. De;igners Who Care ... Two Year Catalog Rochester, NY 14606 House Plants, 1,200 photos, $8.95. Circulars Subscription: $2.00 (deductible). CARLSON'S gladly sent. ROEHRS, Box 125, E. Rutherford, 1-800-451-1118 GARDENS, Box 305-AHA287, South Salem, NJ 07073. except NY state NY 10590 (914~ 763-5958. Bulbous Plant Journal. HERBERTIA and Quar­ 1-800-537-0047 BANANA PLANTS terly Newsletter. Color-filled articles on bulbs, NY state 35 varieties, plus pineapJDles, acerolas, brome­ corms & tubers of Amaryllidaceae and related liads, cacti, aloes, xanthosomas, etc. Catalog families. $12/Year. APLS-AH, PO Box 150, '- -:------::: '. --- - - $1.00. GARDEN WORLD, Dept. 32, 2503 LaJolla, CA 92038. -~~~ Garfield, Laredo, TX 78043. ------.... <_L. CACTI AND SUCCULENTS BONSAI DO YOU LIKE ORCHID CACTUS, CHRIST­ MATSU-MOMIJI NURSERY-offering the MASIEASTER CACTUS, SANSEVIERIAS, other finest in Bonsai, Maples, Pines. PO Box 11414, tropical cactus? Send for our 1987 catalog to­ Philadelphia, PA 19111, (215) 722-6286-cat­ day! 100 + color photos, 40 JDages total (in­ alog $1.25. cludes separate Bookshop Catalogue featuring

40 February 1987 245 + Cactus, Bromeliad, Greenhouse books). FROM THE VALLEY OF FLOWERS Both catalogs together $1.00 (refundabl e) . In­ cludes $3.00-off winter plant di scount coupon. POPPY CO LLECTION, Icela nd-Ga rtfo rd RAINBOW GARDENS, Box 721-A H27, La Giants, Cali forn ia Poppy, Mission Bell s, Shir­ Habra, CA 90633-0721. ley- Am eri can Legion, Shirl ey Mixed. Sweet Pea Coll ection: O ld Sp ice, Bijou Mixed, Knee- Hi YES . . . WE DELIVER .. . Exoti c Cacti and Mixed, Multifl ora Mixed and Floribunda Mixed. Succulents - ri ght to your doorstep, via .. . SPECIALTY SEEDS, PO Box 842, Lompoc, CA U.P.S. (Quality at reasonable prices) Catalog 93436. Check or money o rder, each co ll ection ... $2.00 (Refundable first plant order) K & L $5.00, Shipping In cluded. CACTUS AND SUCCULENT NURSER Y, 12712 Stockton Blvd., Galt, CA 95632. FUCHSIA CARNIVOROUS PLANTS Beautifu l fuchsia plants by mail. Shi pped in 3" Carnivo rous, woodland terrariu m plants and pots. 125 varieties . FREE list. G & G GAR­ supplies. Book, The World 0(CarnivoTOu5 Plants, DENS, 6711 Tustin Rd., Sa lina, CA 93907. 41st Annual $8.95 postpaid. Catalog FREE. PETER PAULS GALA HERB WEEKEND NURSERIES, Canandaigua, NY 14424. BITTERSWEET HILL NURSER1ES, Rt. 424 and DAHLIAS Governor's Bridge Road, Davidsonville, Mary­ Williamsburg Dahlias - All types, sizes, colors. World-wid e land is presenting a Gala Herb Weekend March Selection. Colo r catalog $1.00 refundable on 28th and 29th. Free Herb Garden Designs, Ex­ Garden order. CONNELL'S, 10216 40th Ave. E., Ta­ hibits, Demonstrations, Door Prizes, Display coma, WA 98446. Herb Garden Tours. Special sale on favorite herb pl ants. Hours 9 to 5 . (301) 798-023l. Symposium DAYLILIES DA YLlLlES GALORE! Beautiful named hy­ GARDEN ORNAMENTS brids. Quantity discounts. Send now for FREE Bronze, Lead, and Stone including Topiary. 400 April 5-8, 1987 informative catalog. LEE BR ISTOL NURS­ page catalog available $8.00. Hard bound li ­ ERY, Box SA, Gaylordsvill e, CT 06755. brary edition over 2,000 illustrations showin g DA YLILIES FOR THE COLLECTOR. Many bird baths, benches, bronzes including tablets, "The Gardener's Year - colors tetraploids, diploids, miniatures. Sp uria, cisterns, compasses, cupids, curbing, dolphins, The Seasonal Nature of our eagles, elephants, fin ials, frogs, foxes, fruit bas­ Louisiana IRISES. Catalog $1.00. CORDON Trials and Triumphs" will be BLEU FARMS, Box 2033, San Marcos, CA kets, gates and gate posts, Japanese lanterns, 92069. lead figures, li ons and li on masks, mermaids, the theme of the prestigious planters, St. Francis, weathervanes. KENNETH annual horticultural gather­ DWARF CONIFERS LYNCH & SONS, 78 Danbury Road, Wi lton, ing in Williamsburg in 1987. OVER 200 TYPES OF DWARF CONIFERS CT 06897. described by size, shape, color and texture. Many GARDENING GLOVES Authorities from the Uni­ suitable for bonsai. Ask for our new Catalog ted States and abroad will dis­ #6 ($2.00 refundable with first order). WASH­ GOATSK IN GLOVES. T o ugh, li ghtweigh t INGTON EVERGREEN NURSERY, Box goatskin stretches and becomes fo rm-fitting, cuss annuals, perennials, 388AH, Leicester, NC 28748. givi ng wearer ultimate in fit, gri p, dexterity. grasses, roses, herbs, and Natural lanolin in leather keeps hands soft. Sizes hostas. Practical and enter­ EDUCATION 7-10 or send outline of hand. $8.50 postpaid. taining presentations, tours, THE NEW YORK BOTANICA L GARDEN PUTNAM'S, Box 295C, WiltonJ NH 03086. SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE. A Twenty ­ exhibits, and clinics will aug­ GRAPE VINES one-month program designed to train profes­ ment talks by Roger Swain, sional horticulturists through a combination of GRAPE PLANTS-40 SEEDLESS, DESSERT, Holly Shimizu, William Carl­ academic work and practical field experience. AMERICAN a nd EUROPEAN GRAFTED son, Paul Rogers, Sam Jones, Curriculum includes botany, horticulture and WINE varieties. WINEMAKING SUPPLI ES, and other visiting specialists. BOOKS. New 1987 catalog FREE. Square Root landscape design. Work experi ence is offered at Colonial Williamsburg's hor­ the 250-acre Botanical Garden and at other sites. Nursery, 4764 Deuel Rd ., Dept. X7, Canan­ Li censed by the New York State Education De­ daigua, NY 14424. "THE GRAPE PEOPLE." ticultural staff will partici­ pate fully in the Symposium. partment. For catalogue write: School of Hor­ GREENHOUSE BOOKS ticulture, Education Building, THE NEW YORK GREENH OUSE MANAGEMENT - SEC­ BOTANICAL GARDEN, Bronx, NY 10458- r------~ OND EDITION by Robert W. Langhans, Cor­ I 5126. Or Call : (212) 220-8739. For information, mail this coupon to: I nell University professor. Information on heat­ I I FERNS - HARDY AND EXOTIC ing, cooling, watering, lighting and pest control. Garden Symposium Registrar I Rare spore grown woodland, xerophytic, alpine 270 pages, 209 illustrations. Send $21.00 post­ The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and indoor species. 1987 catalog describing 70 + paid to HALCYON PRESS OF ITHACA, 111 Box C, Williamsburg, VA 23187 va ri eties $1.00. FOLIAGE GARDENS, Dept. S, Halcyon Hill RoadJ Ithag NY 14850. Or call 1-804-220-7257 2003 128th Ave. S.E. , Bellevue, WA 98005. GREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT Name (206) 747-2998. FREE CATALOG-Save on equipment, pots, Address FRAGRANCE flats, baskets, soils, fertili zers. Send 22¢ stamp City ______State ___ SEEDS FOR FRAGRANCE, herbs, and the for postage. GROW-N-ENERGY, PO Box 508A, Zip _____ English Flower Garden. Catalogue $1.00. THE Baldwin Pl ace, NY 10505. -=______FRAGRANT PATH, Box 328A, Fo rt Calhoun, HARDY UNUSUAL FOOD TREES NE 68023. WIDE SELECTION: antique apples, chestnut, ~a£ FREE CATALOG mulberry, walnut, black currant, hazel hybrids, FREE GARDEN CATALOG - 4,000 items: saskatoon, rootstocks and more. Highest spring­ Seeds, Plants, T rees, Pots, Plant Foods, Bene­ dug quality at lowest price. 2 stamps for catalog. ficial Insects, Books, G reenhouses. MELLIN­ BEAR CREEK NURSERY, POB 411M, North­ L ______.. ,~~~, ~ GER'S Dept. 320, North Lima, O H 44452. port, WA 99157.

American Horticultu.rist 41 Do You Save CLASSIFIEDS HEATHS & HEA TIlERS 327, Huntington, NY 11743. Telephone: (5 16) 427-5664. Garden HARDY HEATHERS FOR ALL-YEAR GAR- DEN COLOR! Send SASE for descriptive maile NURSER Y STOCK Magazines? order li st. Fast Service! HEATHER GROW- MILLIONS OF SEEDLINGS; High Quality, ERS, Box 850, Elma, WA 98541. Reasonable Prictls. Over 100 Selections for HELP WANTED Christmas Trees, Ornamentals, Windbreaks, HORTICULTURIST. Old Salem, Inc. Respon- Timber, Soil Conservation, Wildlife Cover. Free si ble for maintenance, development, resea rch Catalog. CARINO NURSERIES, Box 538, Dept. and interpretation of the wltural and natural J., Indiana, PA 15701. landscape of the 18th and early 19th century PALMS Moravian town of Salem. Supervise staff of 3 LOW LIGHT INDOOR EXOTICS. Dwarf to 5. Horticultural Degree or three years ex- " Lady Palms," Grape Ivy, Ming Aralis. Elegant, perience. Send resumes to: John C. Larson, Old long-lived, easy care. Many green and varie­ Salem Inc., Drawer F, Salem Station, Winston gated cultivars. Catalog $1.00. RHAPIS GAR­ Salem, NC 27108. DENS, PO Box 287-A, Gregory, TX 78359. HOSTAS PERENNIALS Choice selection. Descriptive catalog $1.00. SA- NEW, INEXPENSIVE way to buy perennials. VORY'S GREENHOUSES AND GARDENS, Specialists in growing and improving perennials Hybridizers and Growers, 5300 Whiting Ave., guarantee you the finest plants ever offered - Edina MN 55435. (612) 941-8755. J same as used by professional nurserymen. Send HOUSE PLANTS for FREE Bluestone catalog, lists more than 300 ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, CACTI varieties, plus information on care and growing. & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. 1986-87 BLUESTONE PERENNIALS, 7201 Middle catalog $1.75. LAURAY OF SALISBURY, Rt. RidgeJ Madison, OH 44057. 41 (Undermountain Rd.), Salisbury, CT 06068 Perennials, Hosta, herbs, ornamental grasses, (203) 435-2263. wildflowers and azaleas. Hundreds of varieties, Dozens of new hardy and tropical plants - many rare and unusual. Catalog $2.00 (refund­ especially variegated, dwarf, fragrant and bon- able). List 56¢ legal SASE. THE CROWNS­ sai for the hobbyist and collector. GLASS- VILLE NURSERY, PO Box 797, Crownsville, HOUSE WORKS, Church Street, PO Box 97, MD 21032. Stewart, OH 45778. Large Selection of Perennials for sun and shade. Turn your back issues into Agapanthus, Calla Lilies, Hybrid Amaryllis, Tall, Medium and carpeting Sedums. Extensive a valuable resource with the Jasmine, Candy Lilies, Junipers, Blue Cypress. collection of annual and perennial herbs. Cat­ Request Brochure. HANCOCKS, Rte. 4, Box alog $1.50. WRENWOOD, Rte. 4, POBox Gardener's Index 4788, Manchester, TN 37335. 361, Berkeley ~ring~ WV 25411. Unusual ROCK & SHADE Plants, Hosta, INDOOR-OUTDOOR GARDENING Hemerocallis, Sempervivum, Shrubs, Iris & Na­ SUPPLIES for 1986 tive Americans. Perennial Seed. 24 Page Catalog "FREE CATALOG" .. . " LOWEST PRICES" Send 44¢ stamps. ROCKNOLL NURSERY, This book of over 10,000 entries .. . "TOP QUALITY" . . . Plastic pots, hanging 9210 U.S. 50, Dept. 33, Hillsboro, OH 45133- extensively indexes 1986 issues baskets, etc .... 2 Stamps ... Postage . .. 8546. of the top five American PLANT COLLECTIBLES, 103E Kenview, Buf- falo NY 14217. PLANT AND GARDEN PHOTOGRAPHY gardening magazines, including J HARPER HORTICULTURAL SLIDE L1- American Horticulturist. INDOOR-OUTDOOR GROWING SUPPLIES BRAR Y (Pa mela Harper), 219 Robanna Shores, It includes an annotated subject FREE GROWING SUPPLIES CATALOG. Seaford, VA 23696. (804) 898-6453. Special­ guide and a detailed index for Wholesale Puices! Fast Service! Pots, flats, la- izing in plant and garden pictures. New cata­ bels, fertilizer, tools, plant stands. FPI-H, 2242 logue $2.00. Lecture slides: 30 different sets for identifying information on plants, Palmer, Schaumburg, IL 60173. sale or rent. $1.00 for lecture listings only. named varieties, diseases, insects and flew gardening ideas. JAPANESE IRIS PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST Also DA YLlLlES, PEONIES, HOSTA . Request TURTLE CREEK FARMS. Rare and worthy Written and compiled by a February 1987 catalog $1.00, refundable with landscape plants for the Southeast. Descriptive professional researcher and avid first order. CAPRICE FARM NURSERY, 15425 catalog (culture and landscape use) $1.00. Box gardener, this index will save you SW Pleasant Hill, Sherwood, OR 97140. 7454, Tifton, GA 31793. time when searching for articles JASMINE PLANTS-CHOICE AND AFFORDABLE of interest. Sambac, 'Grand Duke', Jasmine polyanthum, Extensive Selection: * Am erican Natives * Poet's Jasmine. Four for $7.50. Li st 30¢. Outstanding Ornamentals * Uncommon Con­ The Gardener's Index for 1986 SPRING HEAD GARDENS, Edna Welsh, Rte. ifers * Perennials * Potential Bonsai * Har­ 3, Box 1700, Madison, FL 32324. diest Eucalyptus * Wildlife Plants * Affordable is available at the special AHS containerized starter-plants. Informative cata­ MIST CONTROLLERS member price of $9.00 ($10.00 log-$2.00. FORESTFARM, 990 Tetherah, Nonmember). To order send YOU CAN GET FANTASTIC PROPAGA- Williams, OR 97544. $9.00 plus $2.00 for postage and TION RESULTS! Bigger profits at less cost! handling to: Guaranteed best on the market! AQUAMON- PLANTS-SCARCE AND UNUSUAL Robin Williams ITOR follows closely the mist requirements of Distinctive plants for your garden and land­ American Horticultural Society almost any unrooted cutting, compensating au- scape. Scarce, unusual and many old favorit(ls . tomatically for changes in sun, temperature, Well established in 4" pots, ready for you to PO. Box 0105 humidity, wind, etc. AQUAMONITOR pays grow on. FREE catalogue. APPALACHIAN Mount Vernon, VA 22121 for itself quickly! Send for free brochure giving GARDENS, Box 82, Wayn(lsboro, PA 17268. exciting facts. AQUAMONITOR, Dept. 4, Box (717) 762-4312.

42 February 1987 RARE LOBELIA: Remarkable offering! Hy­ from every continent. Fragrant jasmines, ele­ brids, natural variants. Brilliant fuchs ia, rose, gant Angel 's Trumpets, Baobab, Teosinte. Him­ purple. Exciting pinks, whites, two tone. SPE­ alayan, African, Australian wildRowers. Rare (fREER (f~RDENS CIAL OFFER: Fou r different, my selection, culinary and medicinal herbs. American hei r­ f/:.r.. ~-".>d'''''- $25.00 (postpaid U.S.A.) EUPATORIUM CO­ loom, European, Oriental and traditi onal Mex­ LESTINUM ALBA, SCUTELLAR IA SER­ ican Indian vegetables. Hundreds of exclusives. RATA $4.00 each (25% postage). Send stamped Information-packed catalog $1.00. j. L. HUD­ envel ope for lobeli a, fern li st. WILDWOOD SON, Seedsman, Box 1 058-AT, Redwood City, FLOWER, Rt. 3, Box j 65, Pittsboro, NC 273 12. CA 94064. SUTTON SEEDS-Exquisitely packaged seed PLUMERlA! GINGERS! HIBISCUS! coll ections from Engl and: Each coll ection con­ BOUGAINVILLEAS! tains five sepa rate seed packets. Choose from Specializing in the rare ALSO DA YLILIES, TROPICAL BULBS , Herb Collection, Dried Flower Coll ection, Cot­ BOOKS. A COLLECTOR'S DREAM CATA­ tage Ga rden Coll ecti on or Scented Coll ection. and unique Rhododendrons, LOG OF EASY-TO-GROW EXOTIC Each coll ectio n $4.50 delivered. MRS. Mc­ Azaleas, DWalf Conifers, PLANTS-$] .00. HANDBOOK OF PLU­ GREGOR'S GARDEN SHOP, 480 I 1st St. N., Japanese Maples, MERIA CULTUR E-$4.95. RELIABLE SERV­ Dept A, Arlington, VA 22203. (703) 528-8773. Bonsai Materials, ICE, GROWING INSTRUCTIONS, SPE­ THE WORLD'S LARGEST and most famous CIAL TY FERTILIZERS. PLUMERIA PEOPLE, seed catalog. Over 225 pages, 4,000 va ri eties, Books and more. PO Box 820014, Houston, TX 77282-00 14. 1,000 color pictures. A major book of reference. The Encyclopedia of how and what to grow RARE NATIVE PLANTS from seed. Vegetables, potted plants, exotics, Rhododendron chapmannii , R. austrinum, R. perenni als, alpines, rockery, latest and best an­ For Your speciosum, R. serralatum, R. prunifolia, Mag­ nuals, trees, shrubs, bulbs from seed; includes Send noli a ashei (Weatherby), Magnolia pyramidata, rare items unobtainable elsewhere. Write for Full Color Stewartia mala crodondron. G rown from native free copy, all owing three weeks, or enclose $2 1987 $2.00 seed or cuttings. Write for prices and shipping for first-class mail: THOMPSON & MOR­ Catalog dates. SALTER TREE FARM, Rt. 2, Bo x 13 32, GAN, INC., Dept. AHC, PO Box 1308, jack­ Dept.AH Madison, FL 32340. son, Nj 08527. RHODODENDRONS SEEDS & PLANTS 1280 Goodpasture Is. Rd. RHODODENDRONS FOR THE WOOD­ Seeds of choice woody and herbaceous plants Eugene, OR 97401-1794 LAND, LANDSCAPE, AND ROCK GAR­ & vines. Clematis, Fothergilla, Primulas, many (503) 686-8266 DEN. FREE descriptive listing, growin g tips. Maples, Viburnums. Plants for fall color, special CA RDINAL NURSERY, Rte. ], Box 3]6M, bark & berries. Spores of rare Mexican Ferns. State Road, NC 28676. (9 19) 874-2027. Generous packets $ 1.50 Postpaid. Send large SASE for informational li st and Free Packet of Rhododendrons and Azaleas, Hyb rid and Spe­ The Charm of Old Roses Seeds. MAPLETHORPE, 11296 Sunnyview NE, cies. Dwarf and Standard. We Ship. Catalog Salem, OR 97301. for Your Garden $1.50. SONOMA HORTICULTURAL NURS­ ERY, 3970 Azalea Ave., Sebastopol, CA 95472. SEEDS-OLD-FASHIONED PERENNIALS Beautiful and Fragrant. Complete selection of RHODODENDRONS & AZALEAS documented, hi stori c perennial Rower varieties. SPECIALIZING IN THE UNUSUAL. Dwarf Catalog 50¢ or stamps. SELECT SEEDS, Dept. Rhododendrons, Evergreen & Deciduous Aza­ AH 2/87, 81 Stickney Road, Union, CT 06076. leas, Dwarf Conifers, Companion Plants. Cat­ alog $1.00, refundabl e. THE CUMMINS GAR­ SWEET POTATO PLANTS DEN, 22 Robertsville Rd., Marlboro, Nj 07746. Sweet Potato Plants for Sale. Booking Orders. (201) 536-2591. 12 Varieties, write. FRED'S PLANT FARM, Dresden, Tennessee 38225. RHODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS-Se­ lect from 1,000 varieties with many new excit­ TOPIARY ing introductions. Also Laurel, Andromeda, PLANTED TOPIARY AND FRAMES. Dis­ Holly, Conifers, Rare Plants and Trees. Mail­ count to clubs. Write for FREE BROCHURE. order catalog $2.00. ROSLYN NURSERY, Dept. TOPIARY, INC., 41 Bering Street, Tampa, FL AH, Box 69, Roslyn, NY 11576. (5 ] 6) 643- 33606. 9347. VIDEOTAPES ROCK GARDEN PLANTS INCREASE YOUR GARDENING KNOWL­ Rare Alpines, Wildflowers, Dwarf Conifers, EDGE. Thirty outstanding gardening video­ Groundcovers, Colorful Rock Plants, Hardy tapes. Priced $13.95 Up. Free Catalog 1-800- Rhododendron, Books. Catalog $1. RICE 331-6304. California Call Collect (4 15) 558- CREEK GARDENS, 1315 66th Ave. NE, Min­ 8688. The Original Gardeners Video Catalog, neapolis, MN 55432. (612) 574-1197. PO Box 410777, San Francisco, CA 94141. Rare and unusual roses ... over 230 varieties. Our 80 page ROSES WILDFLOWERS descriptive catalog is full of HARD TO FIND ROSES, old and new varieties SOUTHEASTERN WILDFLOWERS FOR THE including HT M aid of Honour. Li st Free on GARDEN AND NATURALIZING. All top history and detailed gardening request. HORTICO INC., R.R. #1, Water­ quality nursery propagated plants. Catalogue information. Send only $2.00. down, Ontario, Canada LOR 2HO. Telephone: $1.00, refundable. NICHE GARDENS, Dept. (4] 6) 689-6984. A, Rte. ], Box 290, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. WILDFLOWERS! Naturalize areas around your SEEDS home. Easy-to-grow SEEDSIPLANTS. COLOR HUDSON'S WORLD-FAMOUS CATALOG, CATALOG - $l.00. PASSIFLORA, Box 99, 802-4 Brown's Valley Road since 1911 , offering thousands of unusual seeds Germanton, NC 27019. Watsonville, CA 95076

American Horticulturist 43 Pronunciation Guide

Abeliophyllum distichum Dombeya burgessiae P. strobus p. STRO-bus ah-beel-ee-oh-FILL-um DIS-rih-kum DOM-bee-yah ber-jess-SEE-ay-ee Plumeria plu-MARE-ee-ah Acacia ah-KAY-see-ah D. x cayeuxii d. cay-YOOKS-ee-eye Populus tremuloides Acer ginnala A Y-ser gin-NAL-Iah D. wallichii d. wall-EACH-ee-eye POP-yew-Ius rrem-yew-LOY-deez A. negundo a. neh-GUN-doe Echinacea eck-in-A Y-see-ah Primula PRIM-yew-Iah A. palma tum a. pal-MA Y-rum Elaeagnus angustifolia Prunus serotina PRUNE-us ser-oh-TEE-nah Agrostemma ag-row-STEM-ah e\-ee-AG-nus an-gus-rih-FOE-Iee-ah Pseudocydonia sinensis Amelanchier canadensis Erythroxylum coca soo-doh-sid-OWN-ee-ah sin-EN-sis am-e1-ANK-ee-er can-ah-DEN-sis eh-rirh-row-Z IE-Ium COE-kah Pyrus pyrifolia PIE-rus pie-rih-FOE-Iee-ah Amorpha fruticosa Fagus sylvatica FAY-gus sil-VAT-ih-kah Quercus laevis QUER-kus LEE-viss ah-MORE-fah froo-rih-KOE-sah Forsythia x intermedia Q. rubra q. REW-brah Amsonia tabernaemontana for-SITH-ee-ah in-rer-MEAD-ee-ah Rhododendron arborescens am-SO-nee-ah rab-er-nee-mon-TAN-ah Franklinia alatamaha row-doe-DEN-dron are-bore-ESS-ens Andromeda polifolia frank-LIN-ee-ah ah-Iah-rah-MAH-hah Rhus trilobata ROOS rry-Iow-BAH-rah an-DRA W-meh-dah Fremontia free-MON-ree-ah R. typhina r. ty-FY-nah poe-lih-FOE-Iee-ah Fremontodendron californicum Rosa rubrifolia Antirrhinum an-rih-RYE-num free-monr-roe-DEN-dron ROW-sah rew-brih-FOE-Iee-ah Aralia elata ah-RAIL-yah ee-LA Y-rah kal-ih-FORN-ih-kum Saintpaulia saint-P A UL-ee-ah Artemesia are- rem-EASE-ee-ah Geraniun platypetalum Salvia argentea Aruncus dioicus jer-A Y-nee-um plar-ih-PET-all-um SAL-vee-ah are-JEN-ree-ah ah-RUN-kus dy-OH-ih-kus G. lancastriense g. lan-cass-rree-EN-see S. farinacea s. far-in-A Y-see-ah Baptisia australis Ginkgo biloba GINK-oh by-LOW-bah S. guarantica s. gah-RAN-rih-kah bap-TEE-zee-ah aw-STRAIL-iss Gleditsia triaccmthos S. officinalis s. oh-fis-ih-NAL-iss Begonia be-GOAN-yah gled-ITS-ee-ah rry-ah-CAN-rhos S. x superba s. sue-PUR-bah Berberis thunbergii Gunnera manicata S. turkestanica s. rurk-es-TAN-ih-kah BEAR-bear-iss rhun-BERG-ee-eye GUN-er-ah man-ih-CA Y-rah S. uliginosa s. yew-lig-in-OH-sah Betula papyrifera Hydrangea quercifolia Santolina san-toe-LEE-nah BET-you-Iah pah-pih-RIF-er-ah high-DRAN-gee-ah quer-si-FOE-Iee-ah Sanvitalia san-vih-TAL-ee-ah Brachychiton acerifolius Ilex x aquipernyi Stachys STACK-iss brah-kee- KIE-ron ay-ser-ih-FOE-Iee-us EYE-Iecks ak-qui-PER-nee-eye Sterculia apetala B. populneus b. pah-PULL-knee-us Iris crenata EYE-riss kren-A Y-rah srir-CUE-Iee-ah ay-PET-ah-Iah B. rupestris b. rew-PES-rris I. kaempferi i. KEMP-fare-eye S. foetida s. FEE-rid-ah Caenothus see-NO-rhuss I. pallida i. PAL-ih-dah Stewartia pseudo camellia Caesalpinia gilliesii I. siberica i. sy-BEER-ih-kah srew-ART-ee-ah SUE-doe-kah-MEAL-ee-ah see-sal-PIN-ee-ah GILL-eez-ee-eye I. tectorum i. reck-TOR-um Styrax japonicus Calliandra kal-ee-AN-drah Juglans nigra JUG-I anz NY-grah STY -rax jah-PON-ih-kus Carya illinoinensis Juniperus chinensis Thalictrum rochebrunianum CAR-ee-ah ill-ih-noy-NEN-sis jew-NIP-er-us chih-NEN-sis rh ah-LICK-rrum C. ovata c. oh-V A Y-rah Layia LAY -ee-ah row-shah-brew-nee-A Y -num Cercis canadensis Lotus LOW-rus Theobroma cacao SIR-sis can-ah-DEN-sis Lythrum virgatum LITH-rum vir-GA Y-tum rey -oh-BROH-mah kah-KAH-oh Chaenomeles speciosa Malus baccata MAL-us back-A Y-rah Torreya taxifolia kee-NOM-e\-eez spee-see-OH-sah Miscanthus sinensis toe-REE-ah rax-ih-FOE-Iee-ah Chionanthus virginicus mi s-CAN-rhuss sin-EN-sis Trochodendron aralioides kie-oh-NAN-rhuss vir-JIN-ih-kus Nelumbo nel-UM-bow rro-koe-DEN-dron ah-rail-ee-OY-deez Clematis KLEM-ah-riss/kl em-AT-iss Ocimum oh-KIE-mum Tsuga canadensis Co la acuminata Oenothera ee-no-THAIR-ah SUE-gah can-ah-DEN-sis COE-I ah ah-kew-min-A Y-rah Osman thus heterophyllus Ulmus glabra C. nitida c. NIT-ed-ah oz-MAN-rhuss her-er-oh-FILL-us ULL-mus GLA Y -brah C. vera c. V ARE-ah Osteospermum oss-ree-oh-SPER-mum Viola vie-OH-Iah/vee-OH-Iah Comus alternifolia Oxydendrum arboreum Wisteria sinensis CORN-us all-rer-nih-FOE-Iee-ah ox-ee-DEN-drum are-BORE-ee-um wis-TEER-ee-ah sin-EN-sis C. florida c. FLOR-ih-dah Perovskia per-OV-skee-ah Zantedeschia elliottiana C. kousa c. KOO-sah Phalaenopsis fail-ee-NOP-sis zan-rah-DESK-ee-ah e\-Iee-OT-ree-A Y-nah Corylus americana Philadelphus fill-ah-DELL-fuss Zanthoxylum clava-herculis CORE-ee-Iu s ah-mer-ih-KA Y-nah Phlox FLOCKS zan-rho-ZIE-Ium CLAH-vah-her-CUE-lis Davidia involucrata Phyllostachys nigra Zinnia elegans day-VID-ee-ah in-vol-yew-KRA Y-rah fill-oh-STACK-iss NY-grah Z IN-ee-ah/ZIN-yah EL-eh-ganz Delonix regia deh-LON-icks REJ-ee-ah Pinus patula PIE-nus PAT-yo u-Iah Z. linearis z. lin-ee-A Y-ris

44 February 1987 Bourgondien's ~brid ~Iilies BARGAIN OFFER

Blooms All Summer Long

Gorgeous Floral Color! This money·saving offer by Van Bourgondien, to make new friends, con­ tains a collection of the finest hybrid daylily varieties available .. . at up to 55% savings. They bloom in profusion all summer long, from June to Sept., each plant is covered with a mass of flowers. And , they are super hardy plants, grow almost anywhere, with lush green sword­ like foliage. Thrive in full sun or partial shade.

Bright Rainbow Colors You'll enjoy these large flowers, up to 7" across, with their bright colors, wide petals and floral design. This collection contains mixed colors of bright red, deep red , yellow, orange, pink, peach and two·toned varieties. They're excellent for tall borders or cover for banks and unsightly areas. Grow 3-4 ft. tall, bloom year after year. So, order now with discount coupon below ... we will rush your plants to you at the proper planting time. This offer expires May 1, 1987. HYBRID DAYLILY OFFER Item 4255 SEND FOR Now, a color mixture of choice Hybrid Daylilies as low as $1.00 each, or less. Free Catalog 1 Group (9 plants) reg . $21.75 ...... now $9.95 A full-color book of 2 Groups 08 plants) reg. $40.25 .. . . now $17.95 over 1000 unusual bulbs, 4 Groups (36 plants) reg. $75.00 .... now $33.75 plants and fruits. Add $2.00 for shipping & handling charge SATISFACTION GUARANTEE D- ORDER TODAY Use separate she~t r------to order, If you wish . ~Wi~~~!!ID~~~~ VALUABLE COUPON . OFFER EXPIRES Van Bourgondien Bros., Box A, Dept. 4255, Babylon, NY 11702 MAY 1, 1987 Please send me ___ group(s) of your Amt. Encl. $___ or oharge my credit card . Hybrid Daylily Offer. D MasterCard D Visa D American Express D Diner's Club Expire Date ~~ ____~

D Senti me your Free Catalog. Card # ______-- ~~'=_" __--~

Signature ______~---"="~~ ______Name ~~ ______~ ~_~ Hybrid Oaylily Offer-Item 4255 Address ~ ____~ _____~ ~-"?- D 1 Group (9 plants) ...... for $9.95 plus $2 City =----'~ ______--~ -=----'~ D 2 Groups (18 plants) . . .. for $17.95 plus $2 D 4 Groups (36 plants) ... . for $33.75 plus $2 Van Bourgondien Bros. State ~---=-~ ___ Zip ____ ~"'" N.Y. State Residents Add Sales Tax Box A, Rt. 109, Babylon, NY 11702 o Please send me advance information on the 42nd Annual Meeting of the AHS , to be held in New York City .

__~=--,-7ip : ____

MAIL TO: Elizabeth Smith, AHS , PO Box 0105 , Mount Vernon , Virginia 22121.