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Title Page-Option-3.FH10 ISSN 1728-7715 JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING VOLUME FOURTEEN 2013 (First Issue) ISSN 1728-7715 JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING VOLUME FOURTEEN 2013 (First Issue) JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING Editorial Board S.F.A. Rafeeqi Noman Ahmed Anila Naeem Asiya Sadiq Polack Fariha Amjad Ubaid M. Fazal Noor Shabnam Nigar Mumtaz Editorial Associates Farida Abdul Ghaffar Fariha Tahseen Layout and Composition Mirza Kamran Baig Panel of Referees Muzzaffar Mahmood (Ph.D., Professor, NED University, Karachi) Andre Loeckxe (Ph.D., Professor, K.U. Leuven, Belgium) Arif Hasan (Architect and Planner, Hilal-e-Imtiaz) Bruno De Meulder (Ph.D., Professor, K.U. Leuven, Belgium) Christophe Polak (Architect, Urban Planner & Designer) Kamil Khan Mumtaz (ARIBA, Tamgha-e-Imtiaz) Michiel Dehaene (Ph.D., Professor, TUe Eindhoven, Netherlands) Mohammed Mahbubur Rahman (Ph.D., Professor, University of Calagary) Mukhtar Husain (B.Arch., M.Arch., Turkey) Shahid Anwar Khan (Ph.D., AIT, Bangkok Professor, Curtin University, Australia) Department of Architecture and Planning, Published by NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. Printed by Khwaja Printers, Karachi. © Copyrights with the Editorial Board of the Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning CONTENTS Editors Note vii Jinia Sharmeen A Study of Increasing Noise Pollution in a Specific City Node of Dhaka 01 City, Bangladesh Neelum Naz and Historical Perspective of Urban Development of Gujranwala 21 Shabih-ul-Hasan Zaidi Nomana Anjum, Workspace Environment and Employee Satisfcation: A Comparative Study 39 Arooj Hameed and of Telecommunication Offices in Islamabad and Abu Dhabi Shakeel Qureshi Fariha Saeed, Simulation of Electricity Consumption for Newly Built Residential Buildings 55 Syed Tauseef Ahmed, in Lahore and Arif Qayyum Butt Ghaffer Shahzad Shrines Shaping the Cities: Lahore A Case Study 61 Book Review Fauzia Hussain Qureshi Multan - A Spiritual Legacy 69 A Review by Suneela Ahmed, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecure and Planning, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning: Vol. 14, 2013 (First Issue) - Architecture, Urban Design & Planning v EDITORS NOTE In this issue of Journal of Architecture and Planning, several important dimensions in built environment and corresponding research questions have been addressed by the paper authors. The geographical spread of case studies encompass South Asia and the Middle East in an interesting sense. The journal opens up with an investigative study into the noise levels of Dhaka. Being the primate city of Bangladesh and home to a mounting middle class, the increase in noise pollution is understandable. The author has used worthwhile references from the literature to structure the premise of this increase and its impacts on various attributes of human performance. The article on the historical perspective of Gujranwala in Punjab informs us about the layers of urban development that the city experienced during its pre-colonial and later era metamorphosis. The trans regional corridor of Grand Trunk Road, on which Gujranwala exists is an expanse of emerging urbanization in the contemporary times. The authors have analysed the process and have drawn interesting points that can help streamline the process of urbanization in a rational manner. Concept and application of work space evaluation is done by the authors of the next paper. By citing exploration of case examples from Islamabad and Abu Dhabi, the authors have drawn feedback from the user groups to determine the performance and user satisfaction levels. A paper on the electricity consumption pattern for newly built residential buildings is done to inform about the scientific reasons behind this state of affairs. The simulation exercise relates to interesting findings connected with the conclusions and recommendations made by the authors. Passive strategies, proper use of insulation, shading devise and energy efficient devices formulate the answers to the energy crises faced by the city. The paper on Lahores shrines places the city and its spiritual flavor into the perspective of built environment. Dwelling upon the commonly found factors that shaped historical Lahore, the paper touches upon the built environment details associated with the prominent shrine complexes in the metropolis. This issue of the journal also has book review. Editorial Board Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning: Vol. 14, 2013 (First Issue) - Architecture, Urban Design & Planning vii A STUDY OF INCREASING NOISE POLLUTION IN A SPECIFIC CITY NODE OF DHAKA CITY, BANGLADESH Jinia Sharmeen* ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION Noise pollution in expanding city of Dhaka is also increasing Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, is one of the noisiest with growing number of vehicles and people which has cities in the world. Despite low level of industrialization become an irritating and harmful feature of the city life. and motorization, the average level of noise remains far According to a WHO study, noise level is exceeding the above the acceptable limits for most of the time. With standard limits in Dhaka city, threatening human health, economic development, the situation is expected to worsen especially that of elderly people and children. The situation further. Motor vehicle is the principal source of noise is critical at major nodes of the city because of accumulation pollution in the city (Ahmed et.al., 2000). of large number of vehicles and human activities. The study aims at generating an investigation methodology to analyze According to a report, Dhaka City State of Environment: the relation between noise factors and human responses; 2005, noise level in Dhaka city is now a major concern for also to give some recommendation to prevent the noise or general people because it has exceeded the tolerance level. unwanted sounds producing at the nodes. It is necessary to According to a recent study conducted by WHO at 45 recommend guidelines for architects to help in reducing locations of Dhaka city, most of the traffic points and many noise effect for people living at such nodes of the city. of the industrial, residential, commercial, silent and mixed areas are suffering with noise level exceeding the standard Keywords: Noise, Noise Pollution, Noise Source, Noise limits. Details of noise level at different zones of Dhaka city Control, City Node. are shown in Figure-1 indicating the exceeding limits of sound. Figure-1: Increased noise level in different areas of Dhaka city (Source: WHO, 2002) * Jinia Sharmeen, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning: Vol. 14, 2013 (First Issue) - Architecture, Urban Design & Planning 1 This research study dealts with the noise pollution of Shapla Bangladeshis love for this flower is expressed beautifully Chattar which is one of the major nodes of the city situated by erecting a monumental flower of Shapla called Shapla at the Central Business District (CBD) area of Dhaka Chattar at Motijheel in Dhaka (Fig-2a,b and 3). Motijheel (Motijheel commercial area). The sound level data was is situated at the heart of the Dhaka city. Motijheel is major collected at four specific times of a day (at 9:30am, 12:30am business and commercial hub of the Dhaka city and has and 4:00pm and 6:00pm) and at four different location points more offices and business institutions than any other part of the same area. This study provides a new possibility to of the city. view the actual scenario of noise pollution at a city node. 2. OBJECTIVES Primary objective of the study is to create and enhance awareness about the ways in which people respond to the city nodes and their immediate surroundings on basis of sound level. It further aims: · To determine the sound pressure level (dB) of noise, by a device Sound Level Meter (SLM), at a selected node of the Dhaka city. · To recommend guidelines for the architects to adopt measures to mitigate the situation. 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE NODE 3.1. Location of Node The national flower of Bangladesh is Shapla (Water Lily). Figure-3: Shapla Chattar, situated in a crossing of Dhaka's commercial area Figure-2a: Location of Motijheel in Dhaka city map Figure-2b: Location of Shapla Chattar at Motijheel (Right) 2 Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning: Vol. 14, 2013 (First Issue) - Architecture, Urban Design & Planning Figure-5: Road network system of Shapla Chattar. Figure-4: Frequent Use of glass as building material near Shapla Chattar. 3.2. Analysis of the Present Building Fabric Effect of noise can be reduced on buildings through fabric of the building itself (roof, walls, floor, windows and doors). It can also be reduced by careful selection of construction materials in buildings. For example brick as construction material is more preferable than glass. But most of the buildings have been erected circling the Shapla Chattar without considering this fact (Figure-4). 3.3. Analysis of the Road Network System Figure-6: Presence of light & heavy vehicles around node like rickshaws, van private cars, buses etc. This node is extremely noisy because of the busy roads. There are four main roads towards North-South, North-East 3.4. Analysis of the Surface Pattern and Vegetation and North-West where movement of the vehicles is very frequent. A network of subsequent secondary roads carries In Motijheel at Shapla Chattar the presence of green area relatively less traffic load of vehicles like private cars and is almost negligible. For this reason the area remains dry rickshaws (Figure-5). Noise level is higher near the primary and dusty all the time. There are many open spaces which roads as both light and heavy vehicles like rickshaws, private are not green but covered with pitched and paved area for cars, buses etc. move there (Figure-6). The site is not free human and vehicular access (Figure-7a,b). from unnecessary disturb of hydraulic horns. The hydraulic horns used by buses, trucks and scooters in the crowdy city streets are dangerous for human being.
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