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Dojmljiva, Ali Skupa Građevina INOZEMNE GRAĐEVINE Građevinar 3/2013 NOVI OVJEŠENI MOST U BEOGRADU Dojmljiva, PRIPREMIO: Branko Nadilo ali skupa građevina Most na Adi u Beogradu iznimna je i tehnički složena građevina područje 1.659.440), a smješten je u koju su u cijelosti izgradili inozemni projektanti i izvođači, a dio sjevernom dijelu središnje Srbije, na je prometnice koja će oko gradske jezgre voditi pomet iz Novog ušću Save u Dunav. Stari se dio grada razvio na desnim obalama Dunava i Beograda prema Pančevačkom mostu Save, a njegovo je širenje prema zapadu i sjeveru bilo ograničeno propusnošću njegovih mostova. Posebno se to odno- Na ovom mjestu često predstavljamo jetu pa je, primjerice, o njemu snimljena si na rijeku Savu na čijoj su lijevoj obali velike građevine ili velika gradilišta u jedna epizoda dokumentarne serije Bu- i Novi Beograd koji je izgrađen nakon II. svijetu. No jednu smo zapaženu gra- ilt it bigger na Discovery Channelu. Ipak svjetskog rata kao svojevrsna povezni- đevina u našem susjedstvu propustili iako je most već više od godinu dana ca Zemuna i Beograda. Sve je to uzro- predstaviti još dok je bila gradilište pa u prometu, može se na neki način još kovalo velike prometne gužve i gradnju to sada nadoknađujemo. Riječ je veli- smatrati nezavršenim jer preko njega velikih mostova. Prometnim problemi- kome ovješenom Mostu na Adi u Beo- ne vozi najavljena laka gradska želje- ma nije dakako pogodovala ni činjenica gradu koji je pušten u promet 1. siječnja znica ili tramvajska pruga. što je tim mostovima osim lokalnog 2012. Njegova je izgradnja bila iscrpno Beograd je grad koji prema popisu iz prometa tekao i regionalni i međuna- praćena u lokalnim medijima, ali i u svi- 2011. ima 1.232.731 stanovnika (šire rodni promet. Nastanak mosta Najnoviji most preko rijeke Save četvrti je u nizu od njezina ušća u Dunav (ili še- sti ako se pribroje stari i novi željeznički most) od kojega je udaljen približno 4 km. Novi most prolazi preko negdaš- njega savskog otoka Ade Ciganlije (koja je od 1967. gradnjom brana postala po- luotok), inače popularnog rekreativnog središta. Taj se bivši otok proteže 6 km uzduž rijeke i prosječno je širok 700 m (površine 2,7 km2), a novi most ima svoj jedini pilon na njegovome sjeveroistoč- nom rubu. Zanimljivost je da se još 1923. u prvoj urbanističkoj skici Beograda (arhitek- ta Đorđa Kovaljevskog) predviđa most preko Save preko Ade Ciganlije. Tada je grad tek poprimao obilježja europske metropole, ali su neki prometni struč- njaci predviđali prometnicu koja se da- nas uobičajeno naziva Unutrašnji magi- stralni poluprsten (UMP), a u planovima je imala različite nazive (Magistralni pr- sten, Transverzala i Istočna tangenta), Dio Unutrašnjega magistralnog poluprstena od Novog Beograda do Topčidera s mostom preko no svaka je predviđala bio most preko Save Ade Ciganlije, doduše nešto zapadnije. GRAĐEVINAR 65 (2013) 3 273 Građevinar 3/2013 INOZEMNE GRAĐEVINE Inače će UMP imati ukupno 17 km, od najbolji pješački most na svijetu u ka- d.o.o. iz Ljubljane (danas DRI – uprav- čega 3 km u tunelima i 5 km u mosto- tegoriji srednjih raspona (2008.). Poznat ljanje investicij d.o.o.) i CPV (Centar za vima i vijaduktima. Započinje u Novom je po inovativnim rješenjima u projek- puteve Vojvodine) iz Novog Sada. Beogradu, a završava na Pančevačkom tiranju i izvođenju, a autor je stotinjak mostu. stručnih članaka objavljenih u Sloveniji Na međunarodnom su i inozemstvu. Novi je most najudaljeniji od ušća, ra- nadmetanju za gradnju, koja je čunajući uže gradsko središte, a pove- Prof. Peter Gabrijelčič, redoviti je profe- zuje beogradske općine Novi Beograd sor za urbanizam i arhitekturu i gostuju- zahtjevna zbog visine pilona, i Čukaricu, zapravo Ulicu Tošin bunar u ći predavač na mnogim svjetskim sveu- dužine glavnog raspona i roka Novom Beogradu na sjeveru s Topčide- čilištima, a predstavio se i samostalnim od tri godine, sudjelovale tvrtke rom na jugu odnosno novobeogradske izložbama u mnogim gradovima širom iz mnogih zemalja blokove i Ulicu Jurija Gagarina na lijevoj svijeta (u Zagrebu 1996.). Dobitnik je te raskrižje na Radničkoj ulici na desnoj ugledne Borbine nagrade za realizaciju obali Save. samačkog hotela Bežigrad u Ljubljani Investitor je novoga mosta koji je prva Idejno je rješenje na međunarodnom 1985., a u posljednjih petnaestak godi- faza i najvažniji dio nove beogradske natječaju, između 11 ponuđenih, iza- na uglavnom se bavi oblikovanjem mo- prometnice UMC (Unutrašnji magistral- brano jednoglasno od stručnog povje- stova. Osim s ing. Markeljom surađuje i ni poluprsten) Direkcija za građevinsko renstva kojem je na čelu bio prof. dr. sc. s Vukašinom Ačanskim, dipl. ing. građ., zemljište i izgradnju Beograda, zapravo Nikola Hajdin, predsjednik SANU, ali i te Dušanom Rožičem, dipl. ing. građ., s njezina jedinica za implementaciju pro- projektant obližnjega Novoga željeznič- kojima je pobijedio na mnogim natje- jekta (JIP), a gradnju sufinanciraju Grad kog mosta. Rješenje je izradila tvrtka čajima. Od brojnih nagrada i priznanja Beograd, Europska banka za obnovu i Ponting inženirski biro d.o.o. iz Mari- vjerojatno mu je najdraže europska na- razvoj te drugi zajmodavci. Vođenje je bora, a autori su Viktor Markelj, dipl. grada ECCS-a (European Convention for projekta (nazvano: rukovodilac projek- ing. građ., suvlasnik i direktor tvrtke, i Constructional Steelwork) za oblikova- ta i inženjera – RPI) na međunarodnom prof. mr. sc. Peter Grabrijelčič, sadašnji nje pješačkog mosta u Ptuju (zajedno s nadmetanju dodijeljeno američkoj tvrt- dekan Fakulteta za arhitekturu na Lju- ing. Marjanom Pipenbaherom). ki Louis Berger Group koja ima sjedište bljanskom sveučilištu. Idejni su projekt 2006. izradili Ponting Washingtonu i u Parizu, ali i predstav- iz Maribora, DDC svetovanje inženiring ništva u Beogradu i Bukureštu. Ta je Idejno je rješenje izabrano na međunarodnom natječaju, a autori su cijenjeni projektanti Viktor Markelj i Peter Grabrijelčič iz tvrtke Ponting u Mariboru Ing. Viktor Markelj radio je do 1990. u projektnom birou tvrtke Gradis u Mari- boru i tada je s kolegom Marjanom Pi- penbauerom osnovao tvrtku Ponting, a od 2004. je predavač na Građevinskom fakultetu u Mariboru. Autor je brojnih izvedenih mostova i vijadukata (vija- dukt Lešnica na autocesti, most preko Mure na autocesti i dr., a u Hrvatskoj mosta Dobra na autocesti A1) i pobjed- nik na mnogim slovenskim i međuna- rodnim natječajima. Ujedno je i dobitnik brojnih priznanja i nagrada, od kojih se posebno ističu nagrada Inženjerske komore Slovenije za originalno projek- tantsko rješenje Puhovog mosta u Ptu- ju (2007.) i Footbridge Award u Portu- galu za Študentsku brv u Mariboru kao Novi most na satelitskoj snimci 274 GRAĐEVINAR 65 (2013) 3 INOZEMNE GRAĐEVINE Građevinar 3/2013 Prikaz izgleda mosta u projektnoj dokumentaciji (pogled s jugoistoka) velika tvrtka s više od 5000 zaposlenih ugovora za kapitalne infrastrukturne Nadzorni su inženjeri na gradilištu bili koja radi u više od 100 zemalja širom projekte s međunarodnim sudionicima. stručnjaci Instituta Kirilo Savić, a projek- svijeta za lokalnog partnera izabrala Porr je kao vodeći partner preuzeo ulogu tiranje je uz voditelje projekta nadzirala tvrtku Euro Gardi Grupa iz Novog Sada. tehničkog i komercijalnog koordinatora posebna komisija odnosno povjerenstvo Na velikome međunarodnom nadme- i bio je odgovoran za sva temeljenja na koju je imenovao investitor, a predvodio tanju za gradnju toga iznimno slože- pilotima, gradnju gornjeg i donjeg ustro- akademik Nikola Hajdin. Kontrolu proje- nog mosta, posebno zbog visine pilona, ja stražnjeg raspona te pilona i instali- kata odnosno reviziju obavljao je Građe- dužine glavnog raspona, širine rampe i ranje kosih zatega. DSD je preuzeo od- vinski fakultet u Beogradu koji je osno- uzdignute radne platforme, ali i roka od govornost za nabavu i montažu čelične vao posebno povjerenstvo u kojemu su tri godine, sudjelovale su specijalizirane konstrukcije glavnog raspona, a SCT (koji bili stručnjaci za sve vidove projektiranja tvrtke iz Srbije, Austrije, Njemačke, Slo- je nešto prije završetka mosta otišao i gradnje mostova. venije, Kine, Švicarske, Francuske, Uje- u stečaj) bio je zadužen za prilazni dio Istodobno s gradnjom mosta preko dinjenog Kraljevstva, Danske i Mađar- mosta na lijevoj obali Save, za nabavu Save započelo je projektiranje i ugova- ske. U travnju 2008. zaključen je ugovor čelika za pilon i pomoćne radove. Glavni ranje poslova za pristupne ceste. Glavni o projektiranju i gradnji s posebnom su izvođači imali potporu brojnih srpskih je projekt sjeverne pristupne ceste izra- poslovnom udrugom nazvanom Ogra- tvrtki koje su osiguravale glavninu radne dio Hidroprojekt-saobraćaj iz Beograda, nak Sava most koju su sačinjavali Porr snage te beton i druge građevne mate- a južnih CVP iz Novog Sada, dok je pro- Technobau und Umwelt AG iz Austrije, rijale. Glavni je projekt gornjeg i donjeg jekt spojne Paštrovićeve ulice južno od DSD Brückenbau GmbH iz Njemačke i ustroja mosta i stražnjeg raspona preu- mosta izradio IM Projekt iz Beograda. SCT d.d. iz Slovenije. zeo projektni biro Leonhardt, Andrä und Ugovor je zaključen prema FIDIC-ovim Partners iz Stuttgarta koji ima golemo Tehničke značajke mosta Uvjetima ugovora za opremanje, projek- iskustvo projektiranju mostova s kosim tiranje i izgradnju (prvo izdanje, 1999.) zategama, a projekt je temeljenja izradio Pomalo je neobično da dužina mosta koji se smatraju najboljom formom geotehnički odjel Porra. ovisno o izvorima varira i da se kre- GRAĐEVINAR 65 (2013) 3 275 Građevinar 3/2013 INOZEMNE GRAĐEVINE da pilon svojim oblikom još više podsje- ća na iglu. Inače pilon je većim dijelom u obliku slova A i sa središnjim šupljim di- jelom (do 98 m) na koji se nastavlja mo- nolitni dio u koji su učvršćeni parovi od po 40 kabela na svakoj strani mosta. Pi- lon je armiranobetonski sve do visine od 175 m, a njegov se gornji dio sastoji od 25 m odnosno 32 m čelične konstrukcije s oblogom od nehrđajućeg čelika. Inače je stožastog oblika s dvije nožice koje prolaze između prometnog traka i ko- losijeka lake željeznice. Nakon spajanja pilon se nastavlja uspinjati kao jedno kružno tijelo koje nosi kabele, a pritom se promjer stalno smanjuje počevši od 16 m pri temeljima do 4 m pri prijelazu na čelični dio.
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