180 Godina Lafarge Beočinske Fabrike Cementa

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180 Godina Lafarge Beočinske Fabrike Cementa 180 GODINA LAFARGE BEOČINSKE FABRIKE CEMENTA 180 YEARS OF LAFARGE BEOČIN CEMENT PLANT Beograd 2019 / Belgrade 2019 180 GODINA LAFARGE BEOČINSKE 180 YEARS OF LAFARGE BEOČIN FABRIKE CEMENTA CEMENT PLANT Izdavač Publisher Lafarge BFC doo Beočin Lafarge BFC doo Beočin Autori kataloga Authors of the Catalogue Ada Vlajić Ada Vlajić Marija Lipcajt Marija Lipcajt Milica Stijepović Milica Stijepović Snežana Petrović Snežana Petrović Grafička obrada materijala Graphic solutions Korak studio Korak studio Grafički i koncept dizajn Graphic and concept design Deana Petrović Deana Petrović Jelena Kesić Jelena Kesić Lektura i prevod Proofreading and translation Katarina Spasić Katarina Spasić Gordana Perc Gordana Perc Štampa Print Gama Digital Centar Beograd Gama Digital Centar Belgrade Tiraž Number of Copies 320 320 Godina izdanja Year of publication 2019 2019 SADRŽAJ CONTENTS 1 PREDGOVOR FOREWORD 4-5 2 ISTORIJAT HISTORY 6-7 Beočinska fabrika cementa od osnivanja do 1918. godine Beočin Cement Plant from its foundation until 1918 6-7 BFC od 1918. do 1944. godine BFC from 1918 to 1944 12-13 BFC od nacionalizacije 1944. do privatizacije 2002. godine BFC from nationalization in 1944 until privatization in 2002 16-17 Lafarge BFC od 2002. godine Lafarge BFC since 2002 26-27 Lafarge 32-33 Holcim 32-33 3 TRAJNA VEZA SA ZAJEDNICOM CONTINUOUS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMUNITY 34-35 4 OBJEKTI IZGRAĐENI BEOČINSKIM CEMENTOM FACILITIES BUILT USING BEOČIN CEMENT 46-47 5 LITERATURA REFERENCES 52 03 180 YEARS OF LAFARGE BEOČIN CEMENT PLANT 1 PREDGOVOR Lafarge Beočinska fabrika cementa 2019. godine obeležava sto osamdesetu godišnjicu postojanja. Povodom jubi- leja priređena je monografija u kojoj je predstavljena istorija fabrike duga bezmalo dva veka, potkrepljena bogatim arhivskim mateijalom, uz osvrt na različite društveno političke i ekonomske prilike u kojima je beočinska cemen- tara poslovala. Dugu istoriju fabrike vrlo temeljno je istražio profesor Nikola Gaćeša, koji je svoja saznanja prikazao u knjiziIstorija Fabrike cementa u Beočinu, a koja je u najvećoj meri konsultovana prilikom pisanja monografije pred čitaocem. 180 GODINA LAFARGE BEOČINSKE FABRIKE CEMENTA 04 1 FOREWORD In 2019, Lafarge Beočin Cement Plant (Lafarge BFC) is celebrating its 180th anniversary. On this occasion, a mon- ography is published, compiled on the basis of sizeable archival materials and including comments on various social and political circumstances in which the Plant operated. The factory’s long history was thoroughly investigated by professor Nikola Gaćeša, who presented his findings in a book titled Istorija Fabrike cementa u Beočinu (History of the Beočin Cement Plant). Professor Gaćeša’s book was the main reference used to write this monography, which brings forth the almost two centuries long history of the Plant. 05 180 YEARS OF LAFARGE BEOČIN CEMENT PLANT 2 ISTORIJAT Beočinska fabrika cementa od osnivanja do “Centralna fabrika” početkom XX veka / 1918. godine “The central factory” at the beginning of the 20th century Prvi industrijski koraci malog naselja na obodu Fruške gore načinjeni su u XIX veku kada je započeta eksploatacija lapora, tzv. beočinske kaje. Najstariji zapisi o korišćenju pomenute rude potiču iz 1839. godine, kada je engleski inženjer Adam Klark upotrebio beočinski lapor za izgradnju stubova Sečeni- jevog lančanog mosta između Pešte i Budima. Most, koji je simbolizovao kako privredni, tako i sveopšti napredak i us- pon Ugarske tog doba, nagoveštavajući buduće ujedinjenje dva dunavska grada, slovio je u vreme izgradnje za izuzetan graditeljski poduhvat, što jasno ukazuje na značaj beočinske rude korišćene za njegovo podizanje (Gaćeša 2008: 20–21). Do danas je, međutim, usled nedostatka pisanih tragova, os- tala nepoznanica da li se neimaru lančanog mosta u današn- joj Budimpešti, inženjeru Klarku, mogu pripisati i zasluge za „otkriće“ beočinskog lapora, ili se pak ruda eksploatisala i koristila u građevinarstvu i u prethodnom periodu, kako pret- Fabrika cementa na Filijali (1905. godina) / postavljaju pojedini hroničari (Terzić: 49). Cement plant on “Filijala” (1905) Pored Adama Klarka, koji je izgradnjom Lančanog mosta afirmisao beočinski lapor širom tadašnje Ugarske, za istoriju beočinske cementare je posebno značajno ime Josifa Čika, za koga se vezuju počeci industrijske proizvodnje. Čik je, kako navodi mađarski istraživač Futo Mihalji, krajem tridesetih go- dina XIX veka eksploatisao lapor na svojoj zemlje, palio ga i mleo u vodenici potočari. Godine 1855. otkupio je beočinski rudnik od preduzeća Weiner Wasser Baumt i sa dve peći ot- počeo proizvodnju tzv. „roman cementa“ na današnjoj Filija- li, uspostavljajući time prvu cementaru na teritoriji tadašnje Habsburške monarhije (Gaćeša 2008: 23). Preduzetnički duh i želja za novim saznanjima odveli su Čika i korak dalje. Poseta Svetskoj izložbi u Parizu 1867. i upoznavanje sa proizvodnjom „portland cementa“, kao i boravak i rad u fabrici cementa u Engleskoj, obezbedile su preduzimljivom Čiku dovoljno znanja za modernizaciju proizvodnog procesa. 180 GODINA LAFARGE BEOČINSKE FABRIKE CEMENTA 06 Izgled fabrike iz 1869. / Factory outlook from 1869. 2 HISTORY Beočin Cement Plant from its foundation until 1918 The first industrial steps of the small settlement on the slopes of Fruška Gora were made in the 19th century, when they began the exploitation of marlstone, the so called Beočin Kaja. The oldest records testifying to the use of the above mentioned ore date back to 1839, when British engineer, Adam Clark, used the Beočin marlstone for the con- struction of the piers for the Széchenyi Chain Bridge between the cities of Buda and Pest. The bridge, which symbol- ized both economic and overall advancement and rise of Hungary of that time, announcing the future unification of the two cities on the Danube, was regarded as an exceptional architectural achievement at the time, which clearly points to the importance of the Beočin ore used for its construction (Gaćeša 2008: 20-21). However, due to the lack of written traces, it is still unknown whether the constructor of the chain bridge, Adam Clark, can also be credited with the “discovery” of the Beočin marlstone, or the ore had actually been exploited and used in construction before, as some chroniclers presume (Terzić: 49). Apart from Adam Clark, who made the Beočin marlstone known across Hungary with the construction of the Chain Bridge, another important name in the history of the Beočin cement plant is Josif Čik, whose name is connected with the beginnings of the industrial production. As stated by Hungarian researcher Mihaly Futo, in the late 1930’s, Čik exploited the marlstone from his own land, and baked and ground it in his water mill. In 1855, he bought the Beočin quarry from the company Weiner Wasser Baumt and with two kilns, he began the production of the so called Roman cement at today’s Filijala (“outpost”), thus establishing the first cement plant in the territory of what was then the Habsburg Monarchy (Gaćeša 2008: 23). His entrepreneurial spirit and pursuit of new knowledge led Čik even further. A visit to the World Fair in Paris in 1867 and introduction to the production process of Portland cement, as well as his stay and work at a cement plant in England, provided sufficient knowledge for this inquisitive man from Beočin to modernize the production process. 07 180 YEARS OF LAFARGE BEOČIN CEMENT PLANT Beočinska fabrika 1910. godine (razglednica) / Beocin plant 1910 (postcard) Svega pet godina nakon osnivanja Prve sremske fabrike portland cementa i hidrauličnog kreča Josifa Čika u Beočinu, kako je glasio njen zvanični naziv, beočinska cementara se susrela sa konkurencijom. Naime, 1860. hroničari beleže dolazak još jedne, po beočinsku istoriju veoma važne ličnosti – Hajnriha Orenštajna, koji je, doselivši se iz Temišvara, od manastira Beočin zakupio 29 jutara „kajonosne zemlje“, te otpočeo sopstvenu proizvodnju cementa. Konkurentska borba između dve fabrike – Čikove na Filijali i Orenštajnove „Centrale“ na lokaciji današnje fabrike, trajala je sve do Čikove smrti, kada je Orenštajn na javnoj dražbi 1898. u ime firme Redlich, Ohrenstein i Spietzer, otk- upio Čikovu cementaru. Time je formirano jedinstveno akcionarsko društvo Unija beočinskih fabrika cementa Redlih, Orenštajn i Špicer (Gaćeša 2008: 24). Društvo je od 1906. poslovalo pod nazivom Unija beočinskih fabrika cementa a.d, a u svom sastavu brojalo je i dve fabrike cementa u Slovačkoj, fabriku u Šejpu (Mađarska), rudnik Ujbanj u Rumuniji, a takođe je bilo i glavni akcionar fabrike cementa u Podsusedu. Investiranjem u kupovinu dodatnog zemljišta na kome je eksploatisana ruda, Orenštajnova firma je nastojala da osig- ura sirovinsku bazu za proizvodnju,1 dok su ulaganja u izgradnju i kupovinu šlepova, kao najrentabilnijeg sredstva za transport cementa Dunavom u tadašnjim prilikama, doprinela konkurentnosti fabrike na onovremenom tržištu. Naročita pažnja je u narednom periodu posvećena unapređenju proizvodnog procesa; sa namerom da se poveća produktivnost rada i podigne obim prozvodnje, pratila su se naučna i stručna dostignuća, kao i mogućnost njihove primene u samom procesu. Prva značajna tehnološka novina zabeležena je već 1904. godine – modernizovan je pro- ces pečenja klinkera, čime je ostvaren veći kapacitet proizvodnje, kao i poboljšanje kvaliteta samog cementa.2 1 Orenštajnova fabrika je tokom poslednje decenije XIX veka otkupila od manastira Beočin kajosanu zemlju koju je do tada uzimala u zakup, kao i dodatne površine bogate rudom. Kupovina manastirskog zemljišta je, međutim,
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