Discovery of New Scaffolds for GABAA Receptor Modulators from Natural Origin

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Discovery of New Scaffolds for GABAA Receptor Modulators from Natural Origin Discovery of New Scaffolds for GABAA Receptor Modulators from Natural Origin Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Janine Michèle Zaugg aus Trub, Bern Basel, 2011 Original document stored on the publication server of the University of Basel edoc.unibas.ch This work is licenced under the agreement „Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives – 2.5 Switzerland“. The complete text may be viewed here: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/deed.en Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Matthias Hamburger Prof. Dr. Veronika Butterweck Basel, den 21.06.2011 Prof. Dr. Martin Spiess Dekan Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Switzerland You are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. • For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page. • Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. • Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights. Your fair dealing and other rights are in no way affected by the above. This is a human-readable summary of the Legal Code (the full license) available in German: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/legalcode.de Disclaimer: The Commons Deed is not a license. It is simply a handy reference for understanding the Legal Code (the full license) — it is a human-readable expression of some of its key terms. Think of it as the user-friendly interface to the Legal Code beneath. This Deed itself has no legal value, and its contents do not appear in the actual license. Creative Commons is not a law firm and does not provide legal services. Distributing of, displaying of, or linking to this Commons Deed does not create an attorney-client relationship. Quelle: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/deed.en Datum: 3.4.2009 Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 7 SUMMARY 9 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 11 1. AIM OF THE WORK 13 2. INTRODUCTION 17 2.1. Lead Finding from Nature 18 2.2. Identification and Structural Characterization of Bioactive Plant-derived Natural Products 21 Screening of Plant Extracts for Bioactivity 21 Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products 21 Structure Elucidation of Natural Products 24 The Challenge of the Absolute Configuration 25 2.3. The GABAA Receptor 29 In vitro Bioassays to Assess GABAA Receptor Activity 32 Behavioral Models for GABAA Receptor Related Pharmacological Effects 35 2.4. Natural Products as GABAA Receptor Modulators 39 Flavonoids with GABAA Receptor Activity 39 Terpenoids with GABAA Receptor Activity 40 Alkaloids with GABAA Receptor Activity 41 Miscellanous Structural Classes with GABAA Receptor Activity 42 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 45 3.1. HPLC-based Activity Profiling: Discovery of Piperine as a Positive GABAA Receptor Modulator Targeting a Benzodiazepine-Independent Binding Site 47 3.2. HPLC-based Activity Profiling of Angelica pubescens Roots for New Positive GABAA Receptor Modulators in Xenopus Oocytes 71 3.3. Positive GABAA Receptor Modulators from Acorus calamus and Structural Analysis of (+)- Dioxosarcoguaiacol by 1D and 2D NMR and Molecular Modeling 87 3.4. Identification and Characterization of GABAA Receptor Modulatory Diterpenes from Biota orientalis That Decrease Locomotor Activity in Mice 109 3.5. Identification of GABAA Receptor Modulators in Kadsura longipedunculata and Assignment of Absolute Configurations by Quantum-chemical ECD Calculations 155 4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 189 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS / DANKSAGUNGEN 196 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BBB Blood-brain barrier BW Bodyweight BZD Benzodiazepine CD Circular dichroism CD50 Half maximal convulsant concentration CHO cells Chinese Hamster Ovary cells CNS Central nervous system DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide EC50 Half maximal effective concentration ECD Electronic circular dichroism ELSD Evaporative light scattering detection FDA Food and Drug Administration GABA Gammaaminobutyric acid GABAA receptor Gammamaniobutyric acid type A receptor HEK cells Human endothelial kidney cells hERG Human ether-a-go-go related gene HPLC High performance liquid chromatography HTS High-througput screening IR spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy LGIC Ligand gated ion channels LTK- cells Leukocyte tyrosine kinase cells MS Mass spectrometry NDA New drug approval NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NP Natural product PDA detector Photo-diode array detector TCM Traditional Chinese medicine TEVC Two-microelectrode voltage clamp TOF Time-of-flight UV spectrum Ultraviolet light spectrum VIS spectrum Visible light spectrum 7 8 SUMMARY Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). These heteropentameric transmembrane proteins act as chloride ion channel upon activation by the endogenous ligand γ- amino butyric acid (GABA). Until now, 11 distinct GABAA receptor subtypes have been identified in the human brain. They differ in their subunit stoichiometry, tissue localization, functional characteristics, and pharmacological properties. Many CNS depressant drugs, such as the benzodiazepines exert their action via enhancement of the GABAergic neuronal inhibition. However, therapy may be accompanied by unwanted side-effects and specific clinical action is precluded due to the lack of GABAA receptor subtype selectivity. In a preliminary screen the lipophilic extracts of Piper nigrum fruits, Angelica pubescens roots, Acorus calamus roots, Biota orientalis leaves and twigs, and Kadsura longipedunculata fruits had shown positive GABAA receptor modulating activity in an in vitro functional, automated two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay with Xenopus laevis oocytes, which transiently expressed α1β2γ2S GABAA receptors. Aiming at the discovery of new scaffolds which act at the GABAA receptor, the active constituents of these five plant extracts were identified by means of an HPLC-based activity profiling approach. In total, we discovered 28 secondary metabolites with positive GABAA receptor modulating properties belonging to the structural classes of coumarins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, phenylpropanes, piperamides, and lignans. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of powerful analytical methods such as HPLC-PDA-TOF-MS, highly sensitive microprobe NMR, and for chiral compounds, polarimetry and ECD. Determination of relative and absolute configuration was supported by conformational analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, three yet unknown natural products could be identified. HPLC-based activity profiling with P. nigrum enabled the identification of 13 structurally related piperamides with minimum amount of extract. This allowed us to draw preliminary structure activity considerations for the scaffold of piperine, which was the main α1β2γ2S GABAA receptor modulator in this plant (EC50: 52.4 ± 9.4 μM, maximal stimulation of GABA induced chloride currents (IGABA) by 302% ± 27%). 9 Sandaracopimaric acid and isopimaric acid from B. orientalis were tested for subtype selectivity at α1-3,5β1-3γ2S subtypes which revealed a comparatively high efficiency of both compounds at α2/3-subunit containing receptors. Additionally, sandaracopimaric acid exerted superior efficiency at receptors comprising β2-subunits. It showed EC50 values from 24.9 ± 6.3 μM to 82.2 ± 46.6 μM, and efficiencies ranging between 502% ± 56% to 1101% ± 98% potentiation of IGABA at the subtypes of investigation. A decrease of locomotor activity in the Open Field behavioral model was observed after intraperitoneal injection of 3 to 30 mg sandaracopimaric acid per kg bodyweight in mice. A trend towards anxiolytic-like activity could be observed with 1 and 3 mg/kg. Further “drug-like” GABAA receptor modulating scaffolds were discovered among the lignans from K. longipedunculata (potencies down to 12.8 ± 3.1 μM and efficiencies up to 886 ± 291% stimulation of IGABA) and among the sesquiterpenes from A. calamus (potencies down to 34.0 ± 6.7 μM and efficiencies up to 886 ± 105% stimulation of IGABA). These substances have potential for the further development as therapeutics acting at the GABAA receptor. 10 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Gamma-Aminobuttersäure Typ A (GABAA) Rezeptoren sind die wichtigsten inhhibitorischen Rezeptoren im zentralen Nervensystem. Neunzehn verschiedene GABAA Rezeptor Untereinheiten können in unterschiedlicher Stöchiometrie zu Heteropentameren (GABAA Rezeptor Subtypen) konglomerieren und so transmembranäre Chloridionenkanäle bilden, die durch den endogenen Liganden γ-Aminobuttersäure (GABA) aktiviert und dadurch geöffnet werden. Bisher konnten 11 verschiedene GABAA-Rezeptor-Subtypen im menschlichen Gehirn identifiziert werden. Diese unterscheiden sich in ihrer Gewebe-Lokalisierung und ihren funktionellen und pharmakologischen Eigenschaften. Viele zentraldämpfende Medikamente, wie z.B. die Benzodiazepine üben ihre Wirkung über die Verstärkung der GABAergen Hemmung neuronaler Schaltkreise aus. Die Therapie mit diesen Wirkstoffen
Recommended publications
  • NINDS Custom Collection II
    ACACETIN ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACEMETACIN ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOSALOL ACETANILIDE ACETARSOL ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID ACETRIAZOIC ACID ACETYL TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER ACETYLCARNITINE ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE ACETYLGLUTAMIC ACID ACETYL-L-LEUCINE ACETYLPHENYLALANINE ACETYLSEROTONIN ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN ACEXAMIC ACID ACIVICIN ACLACINOMYCIN A1 ACONITINE ACRIFLAVINIUM HYDROCHLORIDE ACRISORCIN ACTINONIN ACYCLOVIR ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE ADENOSINE ADRENALINE BITARTRATE AESCULIN AJMALINE AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALANYL-dl-LEUCINE ALANYL-dl-PHENYLALANINE ALAPROCLATE ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALLANTOIN ALLOPURINOL ALMOTRIPTAN ALOIN ALPRENOLOL ALTRETAMINE ALVERINE CITRATE AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AMCINONIDE AMIKACIN SULFATE AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-AMINOBENZAMIDE gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID AMINOCAPROIC ACID N- (2-AMINOETHYL)-4-CHLOROBENZAMIDE (RO-16-6491) AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOHIPPURIC ACID AMINOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOPHENAZONE 3-AMINOPROPANESULPHONIC ACID AMINOPYRIDINE 9-AMINO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOTHIAZOLE AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIPRILOSE AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AMODIAQUINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AMOXEPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPICILLIN SODIUM AMPROLIUM AMRINONE AMYGDALIN ANABASAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANABASINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANDROSTERONE SODIUM SULFATE ANIRACETAM ANISINDIONE ANISODAMINE ANISOMYCIN ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATE ANTHRALIN ANTIMYCIN A (A1 shown) ANTIPYRINE APHYLLIC
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Osthol Isolated from Cnidium Monnieri Fruit on Urate Transporter 1
    molecules Article Effects of Osthol Isolated from Cnidium monnieri Fruit on Urate Transporter 1 Yuusuke Tashiro 1, Ryo Sakai 1, Tomoko Hirose-Sugiura 2, Yukio Kato 2, Hirotaka Matsuo 3, Tappei Takada 4, Hiroshi Suzuki 4 and Toshiaki Makino 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; [email protected] (T.H.-S.); [email protected] (Y.K.) 3 Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; [email protected] (T.T.); [email protected] (H.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-52-836-3416 Received: 12 October 2018; Accepted: 29 October 2018; Published: 1 November 2018 Abstract: (1) Background: Crude drugs used in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine or folk medicine are major sources of new chemical entities for drug discovery. We screened the inhibitory potential of these crude drugs against urate transporter 1 (URAT1) to discover new drugs for hyperuricemia. (2) Methods: We prepared the MeOH extracts of 107 different crude drugs, and screened their inhibitory effects on URAT1 by measuring the uptake of uric acid by HEK293/PDZK1 cells transiently transfected with URAT1.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis
    Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Edited by Hye Suk Lee and Kwang-Hyeon Liu Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Pharmaceutics www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceutics Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Special Issue Editors Hye Suk Lee Kwang-Hyeon Liu MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Hye Suk Lee Kwang-Hyeon Liu The Catholic University of Korea Kyungpook National University Korea Korea Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923) in 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ pharmaceutics/special issues/dmpk and bioanalysis) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-916-6 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-917-3 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to ”Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis” ................. ix Fakhrossadat Emami, Alireza Vatanara, Eun Ji Park and Dong Hee Na Drying Technologies for the Stability and Bioavailability of Biopharmaceuticals Reprinted from: Pharmaceutics 2018, 10, 131, doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10030131 ........
    [Show full text]
  • The Nonvolatile and Volatile Metabolites of Prangos Ferulacea and Their Biological Properties*
    Published online: 2019-03-20 Reviews The Nonvolatile and Volatile Metabolites of Prangos ferulacea and Their Biological Properties* Authors Maurizio Bruno 1, Vincenzo Ilardi2, Giulio Lupidi 2, Luana Quassinti 3, Massimo Bramucci 3, Dennis Fiorini 4, Alessandro Venditti5,FilippoMaggi3 Affiliations Correspondence 1 Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Prof. Maurizio Bruno Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical ʼ Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d Orleans II, Palermo, Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo Italy Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, Parco dʼOrleans II, 90128 Palermo, 2 Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DISTeM), Italy University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Phone:+3909123897531 3 School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, [email protected] Italy 4 School of Science and Technologies, University of ABSTRACT Camerino, Camerino, Italy Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Fam. Apiaceae), an orophilous 5 DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofRome species of eastern Mediterranean and western Asia, possesses “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy a number of biological properties that are worthy of exploita- tion in different fields. Phytochemical investigations revealed Key words the presence of coumarins, prenyl-coumarins, and furano- Prangos ferulacea, Apiaceae, coumarins, prenyl‑coumarins, coumarins as the main constituents of this species, as well as furano‑coumarins, essential oil several flavonoids. Among prenyl-coumarins, osthol is a promising apoptotic agent quite selective toward cancer cells. received December 18, 2018 In addition, the essential oils have been extensively investi- revised March 1, 2019 gated, and several chemotypes have been identified. This accepted March 5, 2019 work reviews the literature on this species published between Bibliography 1965 and 2018, describes its volatile and nonvolatile metabo- DOI https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0873-8622 lites, and outlines its pharmacological effects.
    [Show full text]
  • An Isolated Phytomolecule
    Medical Botany 5: Active compounds in plants- cont. Alkaloids • • Nitrogenous bases which are found in plants and which are commonly found in plants and which can form salts with acids. • They are present as primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium hydrates. • Alkaloid name is given because of similarity of alkalinity. • It is usually found in plants at 0.1-10%. O In the context of an alkaloid-bearing plant, the term usually means> 0.01% alkaloid. • Alkaloid morphine first isolated from the environment (Derosne and Seguin 1803-1804, Serturner 1805) O First synthesized cone (Ladenburg 1886) O The first used striknin (Magendie 1821) • Plants often have multiple alkaloids in different amounts in similar structures. • An alkaloide can be found in more than one plant family, as well as a single plant species. • Alkaloids are usually found in plants in their own water, in the form of their salts (salts with acids such as malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, tannic acid, citric acid). • They are found in almost all parts of plants (root, crust, leaf, seed etc.) but in different amounts. This does not mean that an alkaloid will be found in all parts of a plant. Some fruits only fruit (morphine, etc., while there are poppy seeds, not in the seed), Some of them are found in leaves and flowers (not found in the seeds of nicotine tobacco plant). • Nicotine, cones, other than those without oxygen in the constructions are usually white, crystallized dust; The above two substances are liquid. • Alkaloids are almost insoluble in water as free base (atropine, morphine); Some effects of alkaloids • Alkaloids have a wide variety of effects; Some alkaloids for some effects are as follows.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.236,288 B2 Mehta Et Al
    USOO823.6288B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.236,288 B2 Mehta et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 7, 2012 (54) MELANIN MODIFICATION COMPOSITIONS 5,217,709 A 6/1993 Lagrange et al. AND METHODS OF USE 5,508,310 A 4/1996 Rhodes 5,601,838 A 2, 1997 Hind 5,614, 179 A 3/1997 Murphy et al. (75) Inventors: Rahul C. Mehta, San Marcos, CA (US); 5,626,852 A 5, 1997 Sufis Elizabeth Tsin Ho Makino, Carlsbad, 5,656,638 A 8, 1997 Gaeta et al. 5,668,182 A 9, 1997 Abraham et al. CA (US); Sujatha D. Sonti, San Marcos, 5,733,535 A 3/1998 Hollingshead et al. CA (US); John A. Garruto, Encinitas, 5,747,537 A 5/1998 Gordon et al. CA (US) 5,760,085 A 6/1998 Becket al. 5,766,575 A 6/1998 Crotty et al. (73) Assignee: Skinnedica, Inc., Carlsbad, CA (US) 5,968.484 A 10, 1999 Habeck et al. 6,046,232 A 4/2000 Kelleher et al. 6,086,903. A 7/2000 Trinh et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,126,930 A 10/2000 DuBois et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,146,650 A 1 1/2000 Redlinger U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 6,204.229 B1 3/2001 Hasegawa 6,214,879 B1 4/2001 Abraham 6,248,763 B1 6/2001 Scivoletto (21) Appl. No.: 13/345,560 6,258,852 B1 7/2001 Flitter et al.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0269772 A1 Califano Et Al
    US 20090269772A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0269772 A1 Califano et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 29, 2009 (54) SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR Publication Classification IDENTIFYING COMBINATIONS OF (51) Int. Cl. COMPOUNDS OF THERAPEUTIC INTEREST CI2O I/68 (2006.01) CI2O 1/02 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: Andrea Califano, New York, NY G06N 5/02 (2006.01) (US); Riccardo Dalla-Favera, New (52) U.S. Cl. ........... 435/6: 435/29: 706/54; 707/E17.014 York, NY (US); Owen A. (57) ABSTRACT O'Connor, New York, NY (US) Systems, methods, and apparatus for searching for a combi nation of compounds of therapeutic interest are provided. Correspondence Address: Cell-based assays are performed, each cell-based assay JONES DAY exposing a different sample of cells to a different compound 222 EAST 41ST ST in a plurality of compounds. From the cell-based assays, a NEW YORK, NY 10017 (US) Subset of the tested compounds is selected. For each respec tive compound in the Subset, a molecular abundance profile from cells exposed to the respective compound is measured. (21) Appl. No.: 12/432,579 Targets of transcription factors and post-translational modu lators of transcription factor activity are inferred from the (22) Filed: Apr. 29, 2009 molecular abundance profile data using information theoretic measures. This data is used to construct an interaction net Related U.S. Application Data work. Variances in edges in the interaction network are used to determine the drug activity profile of compounds in the (60) Provisional application No. 61/048.875, filed on Apr.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/157962 Al 21 September 2017 (21.09.2017) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/157962 Al 21 September 2017 (21.09.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, C07D 413/12 (2006.01) A01N 43/84 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, C07D 271/06 (2006.01) C07D 413/14 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, A 43/82 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, (21) International Application Number: MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, PCT/EP2017/056032 NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, (22) International Filing Date: RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, 14 March 2017 (14.03.2017) TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, 16160437.6 15 March 2016 (15.03.2016) EP TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, 16167139.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Angelica Archangelica L
    Ona Nivinskienë, Rita Butkienë, Danutë Mockutë Changes in the chemical composition of essential oil of Angelica archangelica L. roots during storage Ona Nivinskienë, Essential oils obtained from Angelica archangelica L. roots immediately and after Rita Butkienë and storage about 2.5 months after crushing were analyzed by GC and GCMS. The dominant component in the oils from roots crushed before analysis was α-pinene Danutë Mockutë (15.719.4%), the other major compounds being δ-3-carene (15.416.0%) and limo- Institute of Chemistry, nene (8.18.8 %) or β-phellandrene (15.4%) and δ-3-carene (14.2%), depending Gotauto 9, on the growing localities. The dominating constituent of the crushed and stored root oils was 15-pentadecanolide (7.214.9%). The other main constituents were LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania coumarine osthol (5.38.8%) and macrocyclic lactone 13-tridecanolide (5.46.1%). A large part (about 70%) of monoterpene hydrocarbons was evaporated during storage from small particles of roots, while the fraction of macrocyclic lactones (14.325.2%) and the amounts of coumarin osthol (5.38.8%) increased relatively 25 times. Key words: Angelica archangelica L., chemical composition of essential oil, α-pine- ne, β-phellandrene, δ-3-carene, limonene, 15-pentadecanolide, 13-tridecanolide, osthol INTRODUCTION the second one in all the others. Limonene, α-and β-pinenes, δ-3-carene, p-cymene, α-and β-phellandre- Roots of Angelica archangelica L. have been used nes were frequent among the five main constituents for healing since antiquity for strengthening the of the oils. The content of monoterpene hydrocar- heart, stimulating the circulation and the immune bons in pentane/ether extracts or in liquid CO ex- 2 system in general [14].
    [Show full text]
  • Large-Scale Transcriptional Profiling of Molecular Perturbations Reveals
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.268458; this version posted August 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Large-Scale Transcriptional Profiling of Molecular Perturbations Reveals Cell Type 2 Specific Responses and Implications for Environmental Screening 3 4 Kun Zhang,a,b Yanbin Zhaoa,b,1 5 6 a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 7 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; 8 b Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; 9 10 1Corresponding author: 11 Yanbin Zhao 12 Tel.: +86 188 1820 7732; E-mail: [email protected] 13 14 Abstract 15 Cell-based assays represent nearly half of all high-throughput screens currently conducted for 16 risk assessment of environmental chemicals. However, the sensitivity and heterogeneity 17 among cell lines has long been concerned but explored only in a limited manner. Here, we 18 address this question by conducting a large scale transcriptomic analysis of the responses of 19 discrete cell lines to specific small molecules. Our results illustrate heterogeneity of the 20 extent and timing of responses among cell lines. Interestingly, high sensitivity and/or 21 heterogeneity was found to be cell type-specific or universal depending on the different 22 mechanism of actions of the compounds. Our data provide a novel insight into the 23 understanding of cell-small molecule interactions and have substantial implications for the 24 design, execution and interpretation of high-throughput screening assays.
    [Show full text]
  • Known Bioactive Library: Selleck Bioactive 10Mm, 3.33Mm, 1.11Mm
    Known Bioactive Library: Selleck Bioactive 10mM, 3.33mM, 1.11mM ICCB-L Plate (10mM / 3.33mM / ICCB-L Max Solubility Vendor ID Compound Name Pathway Targets Information CAS Number Form URL 1.11mM) Well in DMSO (mM) Afatinib (BIBW2992) irreversibly inhibits EGFR/HER2 including EGFR(wt), http://www.selleckchem.c Protein Tyrosine EGFR(L858R), EGFR(L858R/T790M) and HER2 with IC50 of 0.5 nM, 0.4 3651 / 3658 / 3665 A03 S1011 Afatinib (BIBW2992) 199 EGFR,HER2 439081-18-2 free base om/products/BIBW2992. Kinase nM, 10 nM and 14 nM, respectively; 100-fold more active against Gefitinib- html resistant L858R-T790M EGFR mutant. Phase 3. http://www.selleckchem.c Deflazacort(Calcort) is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and 3651 / 3658 / 3665 A04 S1888 Deflazacort 199 Others Others 14484-47-0 free base om/products/Deflazacor. immunosuppressant. html http://www.selleckchem.c Irinotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor for LoVo cells and HT-29 cells with 3651 / 3658 / 3665 A05 S1198 Irinotecan 17 DNA Damage Topoisomerase 97682-44-5 free base om/products/Irinotecan.ht IC50 of 15.8 μM and 5.17 μM, respectively. ml Enalapril Maleate, the active metabolite of enalapril, competes with http://www.selleckchem.c Endocrinology & 3651 / 3658 / 3665 A06 S1941 Enalapril Maleate 201 RAAS angiotensin I for binding at the angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the 76095-16-4 maleate om/products/Enalapril- Hormones conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. maleate(Vasotec).html BX795 is a potent and specific PDK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM, 140- and 1600-fold more selective for PDK1 than PKA and PKC, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Original Petition Submitted in 2016
    Petition to THE AMERICAN BOARD OF VETERINARY SPECIALTIES For PROVISIONAL RECOGNITION Of a RECOGNIZED VETERINARY SPECIALITY In VETERINARY BOTANICAL MEDICINE Under the AMERICAN COLLEGE OF VETERINARY BOTANICAL MEDICINE (ACVBM) 1 This document is submitted to petition the American Board of veterinary Specialties (AVBS) and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) for provisional recognition of Veterinary Botanical Medicine as a Registered Veterinary Speciality (RVS) under the auspices of the American College of Veterinary Botanical Medicine (ACVBM), a Recognized Veterinary Speciality Organization (RVSO). The ACVBM was formally established in 2014 following an inaugural meeting regarding its development in 2004 with a sub-committee of the Veterinary Botanical Medicine Association. The Veterinary Botanical Medicine Association has been providing an annual examination and process for industry recognition of veterinary botanical knowledge and skills since 2003. The exam is independent, as VBMA does not offer their own courses or course content. The ACVBM has been incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware as a non-profit organization. See appendix 1(BYLAWS). The College will serve the international veterinary community and veterinarians from all countries will be invited to apply for board certification through the American College of Veterinary Botanical Medicine. The American College of Veterinary Botanical Medicine was officially formed to meet the demands of veterinarians practicing and advising on the use of botanical medicine. It reflects the growing public demand for botanical options, increasing use by pet food companies incorporating botanicals, increasing availability of botanicals for animal use, significant research and use by the production animal industries (aquaculture, dairy, swine and poultry) and increasing use and teaching of students by university veterinary colleges faculties.
    [Show full text]